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Miclon M, Courtot É, Guégnard F, Lenhof O, Boudesocque-Delaye L, Matard-Mann M, Nyvall Collén P, Castagnone-Sereno P, Neveu C. The Brown Alga Bifurcaria bifurcata Presents an Anthelmintic Activity on All Developmental Stages of the Parasitic Nematode Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040540. [PMID: 37111426 PMCID: PMC10144559 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The current control of gastrointestinal (GI) parasitic nematodes mainly relies on the widespread use of anthelmintics, which has inevitably led to resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find new sources of antiparasitic compounds. Macroalgae represent a rich source of active molecules and are widely described as having medicinal properties. In the present study, we investigated the potential anthelmintic activity of aqueous extracts from three species of algae (Bifurcaria bifurcata, Grateloupia turuturu and Osmundea pinnatifida) on the murine parasite Heligmosomoides polygyrus bakeri. Using a set of complementary in vitro tests, including larval development assays, egg hatching tests and nematicidal activity assays on larvae and adults, we report the nematicidal activity of aqueous extracts of B. bifurcata. In addition, aqueous extract fractionation using liquid/liquid partitioning with a solvent of increasing polarity was performed in order to identify the groups of active molecules underlying the anthelmintic activity. Non-polar extracts (heptane, ethyl acetate) demonstrated high anthelmintic potential, highlighting the role of non-polar metabolites such as terpenes. Here, we highlight the strong anthelmintic potential of the brown alga B. bifurcata on a mouse model of GI parasites, thus confirming the strong interest in algae as natural alternatives for the control of parasitic nematodes.
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Guerre P, Matard-Mann M, Nyvall Collén P. Targeted sphingolipid analysis in chickens suggests different mechanisms of fumonisin toxicity in kidney, lung, and brain. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 170:113467. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Guerre P, Gilleron C, Matard-Mann M, Nyvall Collén P. Targeted Sphingolipid Analysis in Heart, Gizzard, and Breast Muscle in Chickens Reveals Possible New Target Organs of Fumonisins. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14120828. [PMID: 36548725 PMCID: PMC9783176 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14120828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alteration of sphingolipid synthesis is a key event in fumonisins toxicity, but only limited data have been reported regarding the effects of fumonisins on the sphingolipidome. Recent studies in chickens found that the changes in sphingolipids in liver, kidney, lung, and brain differed greatly. This study aimed to determine the effects of fumonisins on sphingolipids in heart, gizzard, and breast muscle in chickens fed 20.8 mg FB1 + FB2/kg for 9 days. A significant increase in the sphinganine:sphingosine ratio due to an increase in sphinganine was observed in heart and gizzard. Dihydroceramides and ceramides increased in the hearts of chickens fed fumonisins, but decreased in the gizzard. The dihydrosphingomyelin, sphingomyelin, and glycosylceramide concentrations paralleled those of ceramides, although the effects were less pronounced. In the heart, sphingolipids with fatty acid chain lengths of 20 to 26 carbons were more affected than those with 14-16 carbons; this difference was not observed in the gizzard. Partial least squares-discriminant analysis on sphingolipids in the heart allowed chickens to be divided into two distinct groups according to their diet. The same was the case for the gizzard. Pearson coefficients of correlation among all the sphingolipids assayed revealed strong positive correlations in the hearts of chickens fed fumonisins compared to chickens fed a control diet, as well as compared to gizzard, irrespective of the diet fed. By contrast, no effect of fumonisins was observed on sphingolipids in breast muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Guerre
- National Veterinary School of Toulouse, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, F-31076 Toulouse, France
- Correspondence:
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Laurain J, Tardieu D, Matard-Mann M, Rodriguez MA, Guerre P. Fumonisin B1 Accumulates in Chicken Tissues over Time and This Accumulation Was Reduced by Feeding Algo-Clay. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13100701. [PMID: 34678994 PMCID: PMC8537492 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13100701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The toxicokinetics of the food and feed contaminant Fumonisin B (FB) are characterized by low oral absorption and rapid plasma elimination. For these reasons, FB is not considered to accumulate in animals. However, recent studies in chicken and turkey showed that, in these species, the hepatic half-elimination time of fumonisin B1 (FB1) was several days, suggesting that FB1 may accumulate in the body. For the present study, 21-day-old chickens received a non-toxic dose of around 20 mg FB1 + FB2/kg of feed to investigate whether FB can accumulate in the body over time. Measurements taken after four and nine days of exposure revealed increased concentrations of sphinganine (Sa) and sphingosine (So) over time in the liver, but no sign of toxicity and no effect on performances were observed at this level of FB in feed. Measurements of FB in tissues showed that FB1 accumulated in chicken livers from four to nine days, with concentrations of 20.3 and 32.1 ng FB1/g observed, respectively, at these two exposure periods. Fumonisin B2 (FB2) also accumulated in the liver, from 0.79 ng/g at four days to 1.38 ng/g at nine days. Although the concentrations of FB found in the muscles was very low, an accumulation of FB1 over time was observed in this tissue, with concentrations of 0.036 and 0.072 ng FB1/g being measured after four and nine days of exposure, respectively. Feeding algo-clay to the chickens reduced the accumulation of FB1 in the liver and muscle by , approximately 40 and 50% on day nine, respectively. By contrast, only a weak non-significant effect was observed on day four. The decrease in the concentration of FB observed in tissues of chickens fed FB plus algo-clay on day nine was accompanied by a decrease in Sa and So contents in the liver compared to the levels of Sa and So measured in chickens fed FB alone. FB1 in the liver and Sa or So contents were correlated in liver tissue, confirming that both FB1 and Sa are suitable biomarkers of FB exposure in chickens. Further studies are necessary to determine whether FB can accumulate at higher levels in chicken tissues with an increase in the time of exposure and in the age of the animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Laurain
- Olmix S.A., ZA du Haut du Bois, 56580 Bréhan, France; (J.L.); (M.M.-M.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Didier Tardieu
- National Veterinary School of Toulouse, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, 31076 Toulouse, France;
| | - Maria Matard-Mann
- Olmix S.A., ZA du Haut du Bois, 56580 Bréhan, France; (J.L.); (M.M.-M.); (M.A.R.)
| | | | - Philippe Guerre
- National Veterinary School of Toulouse, ENVT, Université de Toulouse, 31076 Toulouse, France;
- Correspondence:
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Gobet A, Barbeyron T, Matard-Mann M, Magdelenat G, Vallenet D, Duchaud E, Michel G. Evolutionary Evidence of Algal Polysaccharide Degradation Acquisition by Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora 9 T to Adapt to Macroalgal Niches. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2740. [PMID: 30524390 PMCID: PMC6262041 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
About half of seaweed biomass is composed of polysaccharides. Most of these complex polymers have a marked polyanionic character. For instance, the red algal cell wall is mainly composed of sulfated galactans, agars and carrageenans, while brown algae contain alginate and fucose-containing sulfated polysaccharides (FCSP) as cell wall polysaccharides. Some marine heterotrophic bacteria have developed abilities to grow on such macroalgal polysaccharides. This is the case of Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora 9T (ATCC 43555T), a marine gammaproteobacterium isolated in 1955 and which was an early model organism for studying carrageenan catabolism. We present here the genomic analysis of P. carrageenovora. Its genome is composed of two chromosomes and of a large plasmid encompassing 109 protein-coding genes. P. carrageenovora possesses a diverse repertoire of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), notably specific for the degradation of macroalgal polysaccharides (laminarin, alginate, FCSP, carrageenans). We confirm these predicted capacities by screening the growth of P. carrageenovora with a large collection of carbohydrates. Most of these CAZyme genes constitute clusters located either in the large chromosome or in the small one. Unexpectedly, all the carrageenan catabolism-related genes are found in the plasmid, suggesting that P. carrageenovora acquired its hallmark capacity for carrageenan degradation by horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Whereas P. carrageenovora is able to use lambda-carrageenan as a sole carbon source, genomic and physiological analyses demonstrate that its catabolic pathway for kappa- and iota-carrageenan is incomplete. This is due to the absence of the recently discovered 3,6-anhydro-D-galactosidase genes (GH127 and GH129 families). A genomic comparison with 52 Pseudoalteromonas strains confirms that carrageenan catabolism has been recently acquired only in a few species. Even though the loci for cellulose biosynthesis and alginate utilization are located on the chromosomes, they were also horizontally acquired. However, these HGTs occurred earlier in the evolution of the Pseudoalteromonas genus, the cellulose- and alginate-related loci being essentially present in one large, late-diverging clade (LDC). Altogether, the capacities to degrade cell wall polysaccharides from macroalgae are not ancestral in the Pseudoalteromonas genus. Such catabolism in P. carrageenovora resulted from a succession of HGTs, likely allowing an adaptation to the life on the macroalgal surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélique Gobet
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Roscoff, France
| | - Tristan Barbeyron
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Roscoff, France
| | - Maria Matard-Mann
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Roscoff, France.,Amadéite SAS, "Pôle Biotechnologique" du Haut du Bois, Bréhan, France
| | - Ghislaine Magdelenat
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - David Vallenet
- Génomique Métabolique, Genoscope, Institut François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Université d'Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Eric Duchaud
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Integrative Biology of Marine Models (LBI2M), Station Biologique de Roscoff (SBR), Roscoff, France
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Salmeán AA, Guillouzo A, Duffieux D, Jam M, Matard-Mann M, Larocque R, Pedersen HL, Michel G, Czjzek M, Willats WGT, Hervé C. Double blind microarray-based polysaccharide profiling enables parallel identification of uncharacterized polysaccharides and carbohydrate-binding proteins with unknown specificities. Sci Rep 2018; 8:2500. [PMID: 29410423 PMCID: PMC5802718 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-20605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine algae are one of the largest sources of carbon on the planet. The microbial degradation of algal polysaccharides to their constitutive sugars is a cornerstone in the global carbon cycle in oceans. Marine polysaccharides are highly complex and heterogeneous, and poorly understood. This is also true for marine microbial proteins that specifically degrade these substrates and when characterized, they are frequently ascribed to new protein families. Marine (meta)genomic datasets contain large numbers of genes with functions putatively assigned to carbohydrate processing, but for which empirical biochemical activity is lacking. There is a paucity of knowledge on both sides of this protein/carbohydrate relationship. Addressing this 'double blind' problem requires high throughput strategies that allow large scale screening of protein activities, and polysaccharide occurrence. Glycan microarrays, in particular the Comprehensive Microarray Polymer Profiling (CoMPP) method, are powerful in screening large collections of glycans and we described the integration of this technology to a medium throughput protein expression system focused on marine genes. This methodology (Double Blind CoMPP or DB-CoMPP) enables us to characterize novel polysaccharide-binding proteins and to relate their ligands to algal clades. This data further indicate the potential of the DB-CoMPP technique to accommodate samples of all biological sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando A Salmeán
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Alexia Guillouzo
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Delphine Duffieux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Maria Matard-Mann
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Robert Larocque
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Henriette L Pedersen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France
| | - William G T Willats
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
- William G.T. Willats, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Cécile Hervé
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, France.
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Matard-Mann M, Bernard T, Leroux C, Barbeyron T, Larocque R, Préchoux A, Jeudy A, Jam M, Nyvall Collén P, Michel G, Czjzek M. Structural insights into marine carbohydrate degradation by family GH16 κ-carrageenases. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:19919-19934. [PMID: 29030427 PMCID: PMC5712629 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.808279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Carrageenans are sulfated α-1,3-β-1,4-galactans found in the cell wall of some red algae that are practically valuable for their gelation and biomimetic properties but also serve as a potential carbon source for marine bacteria. Carbohydrate degradation has been studied extensively for terrestrial plant/bacterial systems, but sulfation is not present in these cases, meaning the marine enzymes used to degrade carrageenans must possess unique features to recognize these modifications. To gain insights into these features, we have focused on κ-carrageenases from two distant bacterial phyla, which belong to glycoside hydrolase family 16 and cleave the β-1,4 linkage of κ-carrageenan. We have solved the crystal structure of the catalytic module of ZgCgkA from Zobellia galactanivorans at 1.66 Å resolution and compared it with the only other structure available, that of PcCgkA from Pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora 9T (ATCC 43555T). We also describe the first substrate complex in the inactivated mutant form of PcCgkA at 1.7 Å resolution. The structural and biochemical comparison of these enzymes suggests key determinants that underlie the functional properties of this subfamily. In particular, we identified several arginine residues that interact with the polyanionic substrate, and confirmed the functional relevance of these amino acids using a targeted mutagenesis strategy. These results give new insight into the diversity of the κ-carrageenase subfamily. The phylogenetic analyses show the presence of several distinct clades of enzymes that relate to differences in modes of action or subtle differences within the same substrate specificity, matching the hybrid character of the κ-carrageenan polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Matard-Mann
- From the Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
- Amadéite SAS, "Pôle Biotechnologique" du Haut du Bois, 56580 Bréhan, France
| | - Thomas Bernard
- the Architecture et Fonction des Macromolécules Biologiques, Unité Mixed de Recherche 6098, CNRS, Universités Aix-Marseille I and II, Case 932, 163 Avenue de Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France
| | - Cédric Leroux
- the Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, FR 2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29682 Roscoff, Bretagne, France, and
| | - Tristan Barbeyron
- From the Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Robert Larocque
- From the Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Aurélie Préchoux
- From the Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Alexandra Jeudy
- the Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, FR 2424, Station Biologique de Roscoff, F-29682 Roscoff, Bretagne, France, and
| | - Murielle Jam
- From the Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Pi Nyvall Collén
- Amadéite SAS, "Pôle Biotechnologique" du Haut du Bois, 56580 Bréhan, France
| | - Gurvan Michel
- From the Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074 Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- From the Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074 Roscoff, Bretagne, France,
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Ficko-Blean E, Préchoux A, Thomas F, Rochat T, Larocque R, Zhu Y, Stam M, Génicot S, Jam M, Calteau A, Viart B, Ropartz D, Pérez-Pascual D, Correc G, Matard-Mann M, Stubbs KA, Rogniaux H, Jeudy A, Barbeyron T, Médigue C, Czjzek M, Vallenet D, McBride MJ, Duchaud E, Michel G. Carrageenan catabolism is encoded by a complex regulon in marine heterotrophic bacteria. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1685. [PMID: 29162826 PMCID: PMC5698469 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01832-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroalgae contribute substantially to primary production in coastal ecosystems. Their biomass, mainly consisting of polysaccharides, is cycled into the environment by marine heterotrophic bacteria using largely uncharacterized mechanisms. Here we describe the complete catabolic pathway for carrageenans, major cell wall polysaccharides of red macroalgae, in the marine heterotrophic bacterium Zobellia galactanivorans. Carrageenan catabolism relies on a multifaceted carrageenan-induced regulon, including a non-canonical polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL) and genes distal to the PUL, including a susCD-like pair. The carrageenan utilization system is well conserved in marine Bacteroidetes but modified in other phyla of marine heterotrophic bacteria. The core system is completed by additional functions that might be assumed by non-orthologous genes in different species. This complex genetic structure may be the result of multiple evolutionary events including gene duplications and horizontal gene transfers. These results allow for an extension on the definition of bacterial PUL-mediated polysaccharide digestion. Carrageenans, major cell wall polysaccharides of red macroalgae, are metabolised by marine heterotrophic bacteria through unclear mechanisms. Here, the authors identify an unusual polysaccharide-utilization locus encoding carrageenan catabolism in a marine bacterium, and characterise the complete pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Ficko-Blean
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Aurélie Préchoux
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - François Thomas
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Tatiana Rochat
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Robert Larocque
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Yongtao Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 53201, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Mark Stam
- UMR 8030, CNRS, Université Évry-Val-d'Essonne, CEA, Institut de Génomique - Genoscope, Laboratoire d'Analyses Bioinformatiques pour la Génomique et le Métabolisme, F-91000, Évry, France
| | - Sabine Génicot
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Murielle Jam
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Alexandra Calteau
- UMR 8030, CNRS, Université Évry-Val-d'Essonne, CEA, Institut de Génomique - Genoscope, Laboratoire d'Analyses Bioinformatiques pour la Génomique et le Métabolisme, F-91000, Évry, France
| | - Benjamin Viart
- UMR 8030, CNRS, Université Évry-Val-d'Essonne, CEA, Institut de Génomique - Genoscope, Laboratoire d'Analyses Bioinformatiques pour la Génomique et le Métabolisme, F-91000, Évry, France
| | - David Ropartz
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, F-44316, Nantes, France
| | | | - Gaëlle Correc
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Maria Matard-Mann
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Keith A Stubbs
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Hélène Rogniaux
- INRA, UR1268 Biopolymers Interactions Assemblies, F-44316, Nantes, France
| | - Alexandra Jeudy
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Tristan Barbeyron
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - Claudine Médigue
- UMR 8030, CNRS, Université Évry-Val-d'Essonne, CEA, Institut de Génomique - Genoscope, Laboratoire d'Analyses Bioinformatiques pour la Génomique et le Métabolisme, F-91000, Évry, France
| | - Mirjam Czjzek
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France
| | - David Vallenet
- UMR 8030, CNRS, Université Évry-Val-d'Essonne, CEA, Institut de Génomique - Genoscope, Laboratoire d'Analyses Bioinformatiques pour la Génomique et le Métabolisme, F-91000, Évry, France
| | - Mark J McBride
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 53201, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Eric Duchaud
- VIM, INRA, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Gurvan Michel
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 8227, Integrative Biology of Marine Models, Station Biologique de Roscoff, CS 90074, Roscoff, Bretagne, France.
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