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Senila M, Kovacs E. Use of diffusive gradients in thin-film technique to predict the mobility and transfer of nutrients and toxic elements from agricultural soil to crops-an overview of recent studies. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33602-5. [PMID: 38739340 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33602-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to survey the recent applications of the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique in the assessment of mobility and bioavailability of nutrients and potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in agricultural soil. Many studies compared the capabilities of the DGT technique with those of classical soil chemical extractants used in single or sequential procedures to predict nutrients and PTE bioavailability to crops. In most of the published works, the DGT technique was reported to be superior to the conventional chemical extraction and fractionation methods in obtaining significant correlations with the metals and metalloids accumulated in crops. In the domain of nutrient bioavailability assessment, DGT-based studies focused mainly on phosphorous and selenium labile fraction measurement, but potassium, manganese, and nitrogen were also studied using the DGT tool. Different DGT configurations are reported, using binding and diffusive layers specific for certain analytes (Hg, P, and Se) or gels with wider applicability, such as Chelex-based binding gels for metal cations and ferrihydrite-based hydrogels for oxyanions. Overall, the literature demonstrates that the DGT technique is relevant for the evaluation of metal and nutrient bioavailability to crops, due to its capacity to mimic the plant root uptake process, which justifies future improvement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Senila
- INCDO INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Eniko Kovacs
- INCDO INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Senila L, Botiz I, Roman C, Simedru D, Dan M, Kacso I, Senila M, Todor-Boer O. Processing of Thin Films Based on Cellulose Nanocrystals and Biodegradable Polymers by Space-Confined Solvent Vapor Annealing and Morphological Characteristics. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1685. [PMID: 38612198 PMCID: PMC11012654 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
L-poly(lactic acid), poly(3-hydroxybutyrate), and poly-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate are biodegradable polymers that can be obtained from renewable biomass sources. The aim of this study was to develop three types of environmentally friendly film biocomposites of altered microstructure by combining each of the above-mentioned polymers with cellulose nanocrystal fillers and further processing the resulting materials via space-confined solvent vapor annealing. Cellulose was previously obtained from renewable biomass and further converted to cellulose nanocrystals by hydrolysis with the lactic acid. The solutions of biodegradable polymers were spin-coated onto solid substrates before and after the addition of cellulose nanocrystals. The obtained thin film composites were further processed via space-confined solvent vapor annealing to eventually favor their crystallization and, thus, to alter the final microstructure. Indeed, atomic force microscopy studies have revealed that the presence of cellulose nanocrystals within a biodegradable polymer matrix promoted the formation of large crystalline structures exhibiting fractal-, spherulitic- or needle-like morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacrimioara Senila
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.S.); (C.R.); (D.S.)
| | - Ioan Botiz
- Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400271 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Physics of Condensed Matter and Advanced Technologies, Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cecilia Roman
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.S.); (C.R.); (D.S.)
| | - Dorina Simedru
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.S.); (C.R.); (D.S.)
| | - Monica Dan
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.D.); (I.K.)
| | - Irina Kacso
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.D.); (I.K.)
| | - Marin Senila
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.S.); (C.R.); (D.S.)
| | - Otto Todor-Boer
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (L.S.); (C.R.); (D.S.)
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Senila M, Cadar O. Modification of natural zeolites and their applications for heavy metal removal from polluted environments: Challenges, recent advances, and perspectives. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25303. [PMID: 38352776 PMCID: PMC10862511 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, environmental pollution has become a significant problem for human health and environmental impact. The high accumulation of heavy metals in waters and soils from different sources was conducted by finding efficient and environmentally friendly treatment methods and materials for their removal. Natural zeolites have found wide-ranging applications in environmental remediation and protection, considering various treatment and modification methods designed to enhance the natural zeolites' adsorptive or ion-exchange capabilities for increased efficiency. This paper briefly consolidates the recent scientific literature related to the main characteristics of natural and modified zeolites, the advantages and limitations of their environmental remediation application, and summarizes the methodologies applied to natural zeolites in order to improve their properties. Their application for removing heavy metals from water systems and soils is also comprehensively discussed. This review highlights the excellent potential of natural zeolites to be used after specific treatment or modification as a sustainable and green material to solve numerous environmental pollution issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Senila
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Cadar
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Senila M, Resz MA, Senila L, Torok I. Application of Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) for assessing the heavy metals mobility in soil and prediction of their transfer to Russula virescens. Sci Total Environ 2024; 909:168591. [PMID: 37972786 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Although edible mushrooms are considered a source of many beneficial nutrients for human, they can also represent a risk to health due to their capacity to accumulate heavy metals. In this study, the total dissolved in soil solution and labile concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Co, Cr, Mn, Ni, and Fe) in soil were measured and correlated with their concentrations accumulated in Russula virescens wild mushrooms. The diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) technique was used to measure the labile metals content in the soil (CDGT), and corroborated with the metals concentrations in soil solution (Csoln) was used to calculate an R-value, which can estimate the metals resupply from soil solid phase when they are uptake by mushroom. The DGT-labile metal concentrations decreased in the order Mn > Fe > Zn > Cu > Co > Ni > Cd ≅ Pb > Cr. The R-values, calculated as the ratio between CDGT and Csoln decreased in the order: Cd (0.50) > Zn (0.37) > Pb (0.33) > Cu (0.24) ≅ Ni (0.24) ≅ Co (0.23) > Mn (0.16) > Fe (0.12) > Cr (0.04). For the first time, we compared the R-values with the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) in mushrooms, and it was observed that, a similar increasing trend of BAFs with the R-values exists, thus the capacity of the soil solid phase to fast re-supply metals to soil solution increases BAFs. Although the soil samples were not contaminated with heavy metals above the legislative limits, the concentrations of heavy metals accumulated in mushrooms were high enough to pose risks for humans, mainly for children, due to their Cu content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Senila
- INCDO INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Maria-Alexandra Resz
- INCDO INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lacrimioara Senila
- INCDO INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Iulia Torok
- INCDO INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Senila M, Levei EA, Frentiu T, Mihali C, Angyus SB. Assessment of mercury bioavailability in garden soils around a former nonferrous metal mining area using DGT, accumulation in vegetables, and implications for health risk. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:1554. [PMID: 38036722 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-12144-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a toxic, non-essential element for living organisms, frequently present in high concentrations in soils from industrial areas. The total, dissolved, and labile Hg concentrations in garden soils and their accumulation in edible vegetables (onion, garlic, lettuce, and parsley) grown on contaminated soils in localities situated a former mining area were evaluated. The labile Hg fraction was estimated by diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT). The soil-to-vegetable transfer factors, as well as the health risk by exposure to Hg, were calculated based on the labile Hg concentration in soil. The total Hg concentration in soil varied widely (0.11-3.77 mg kg-1), Hg in soil solution ranged between 2.14 and 20.2 μg L-1 and labile Hg between 1.13 and 18.6 μg L-1. About 36-96% (84% on average) of the Hg concentration in soil solution was found in labile form. Multivariate analysis revealed significant correlations between the labile Hg concentration in soil and Hg accumulated in vegetables. The hazard indices showed that, although the study area is affected by legacy pollution, exposure to soil and consumption of locally grown vegetables do not pose health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Senila
- INCDO INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Erika Andrea Levei
- INCDO INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tiberiu Frentiu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Arany Janos 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Mihali
- Faculty of Sciences, Technical University of Cluj Napoca, Baia Mare, Victoriei 76, 430122, Baia-Mare, Romania
| | - Simion Bogdan Angyus
- INCDO INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, Arany Janos 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Senila L, Gál E, Kovacs E, Cadar O, Dan M, Senila M, Roman C. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) Production from Lignocellulosic Wastes Using Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4488. [PMID: 38231921 PMCID: PMC10708134 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) from lignocellulosic biomass through a series of steps, including microwave irradiation, ammonia delignification, enzymatic hydrolysis, and fermentation, using the Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581 strain. The lignocellulosic biomass was first pretreated using microwave irradiation at different temperatures (180, 200, and 220 °C) for 10, 20, and 30 min. The optimal pretreatment conditions were determined using the central composite design (CCD) and the response surface methodology (RSM). In the second step, the pretreated biomass was subjected to ammonia delignification, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. The yield obtained for the pretreated and enzymatically hydrolyzed biomass was lower (70.2%) compared to the pretreated, delignified, and enzymatically hydrolyzed biomass (91.4%). These hydrolysates were used as carbon substrates for the synthesis of PHB using Bacillus megaterium ATCC 14581 in batch cultures. Various analytical methods were employed, namely nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR and13C-NMR), electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), to identify and characterize the extracted PHB. The XRD analysis confirmed the partially crystalline nature of PHB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacrimioara Senila
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.K.); (O.C.); (M.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Emese Gál
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Eniko Kovacs
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.K.); (O.C.); (M.S.); (C.R.)
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3–5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Cadar
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.K.); (O.C.); (M.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Monica Dan
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67–103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Marin Senila
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.K.); (O.C.); (M.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Cecilia Roman
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.K.); (O.C.); (M.S.); (C.R.)
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Senila M, Coldea TE, Senila L, Mudura E, Cadar O. Activated natural zeolites for beer filtration: A pilot scale approach. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20031. [PMID: 37809938 PMCID: PMC10559772 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A clinoptilolite-rich natural zeolite was tested as a substitute for kieselguhr as a filtering material to eliminate ingredients that cause beer haze formation. Two-grain sizes of micronized natural zeolite were thermally activated to 400 °C, to enhance its adsorption performance and remove the impurities adsorbed in the microporous system of zeolites, followed by their physicochemical characterization. The activated zeolites mixed with four commercial filter aids in different ratios were used for beer filtration at the pilot scale. Most of the physicochemical and sensory characteristics of beers filtered with commercial filter aids and with zeolites were similar. Using zeolite in filtering mixtures significantly reduces the number of microorganisms present in the filtered beer, which can eliminate the necessity of beer sterilization after filtration. The results evidenced that activated natural zeolites, which are cheap materials, are promising candidates as filter aids and can replace kieselguhr without producing any degradation of the beer filtration process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Senila
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, INCDO-INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodora Emilia Coldea
- Department of Food Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lacrimioara Senila
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, INCDO-INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Elena Mudura
- Department of Food Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Cadar
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, INCDO-INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Ruiu A, Li WSJ, Senila M, Bouilhac C, Foix D, Bauer-Siebenlist B, Seaudeau-Pirouley K, Jänisch T, Böringer S, Lacroix-Desmazes P. Recovery of Precious Metals: A Promising Process Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide and CO 2-Soluble Complexing Polymers for Palladium Extraction from Supported Catalysts. Molecules 2023; 28:6342. [PMID: 37687180 PMCID: PMC10488959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28176342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Precious metals such as palladium (Pd) have many applications, ranging from automotive catalysts to fine chemistry. Platinum group metals are, thus, in massive demand for industrial applications, even though they are relatively rare and belong to the list of critical materials for many countries. The result is an explosion of their price. The recovery of Pd from spent catalysts and, more generally, the development of a circular economy process around Pd, becomes essential for both economic and environmental reasons. To this aim, we propose a sustainable process based on the use of supercritical CO2 (i.e., a green solvent) operated in mild conditions of pressure and temperature (p = 25 MPa, T = 313 K). Note that the range of CO2 pressures commonly used for extraction is going from 15 to 100 MPa, while temperatures typically vary from 308 to 423 K. A pressure of 25 MPa and a temperature of 313 K can, therefore, be viewed as mild conditions. CO2-soluble copolymers bearing complexing groups, such as pyridine, triphenylphosphine, or acetylacetate, were added to the supercritical fluid to extract the Pd from the catalyst. Two supported catalysts were tested: a pristine aluminosilicate-supported catalyst (Cat D) and a spent alumina supported-catalyst (Cat A). An extraction conversion of up to more than 70% was achieved in the presence of the pyridine-containing copolymer. The recovery of the Pd from the polymer was possible after extraction, and the technological and economical assessment of the process was considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ruiu
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.R.); (W.S.J.L.)
| | - W. S. Jennifer Li
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.R.); (W.S.J.L.)
| | - Marin Senila
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, ICIA, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cécile Bouilhac
- ICGM, University Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.R.); (W.S.J.L.)
| | - Dominique Foix
- IPREM, Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour, E2S-UPPA, CNRS, 64053 Pau, France;
| | | | | | - Thorsten Jänisch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology, 76327 Pfinztal, Germany; (T.J.); (S.B.)
| | - Sarah Böringer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology, 76327 Pfinztal, Germany; (T.J.); (S.B.)
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Török AI, Moldovan A, Senila L, Kovacs E, Resz MA, Senila M, Cadar O, Tanaselia C, Levei EA. Impact of Low Lithium Concentrations on the Fatty Acids and Elemental Composition of Salvinia natans. Molecules 2023; 28:5347. [PMID: 37513220 PMCID: PMC10385638 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The photosynthetic pigments, protein, macro and microelements concentrations, and fatty acids composition of Salvinia natans, a free-floating aquatic plant, were analyzed after exposure to Hoagland nutrient solution containing 1, 3, and 5 mg/L Li. The Li content of Salvinia natans grew exponentially with the Li concentration in the Hoagland nutrient solution. The exposure to Li did not induce significant changes in Na, Mg, K, Cu, and Zn content but enhanced the Ba, Cr, Mn, Ni and Mo absorption in Salvinia natans. The most abundant fatty acids determined in oils extracted from Salvinia natans were C16:0, C18:3(n6), C18:2(n6), and C18:3(n3). The photosynthetic pigments did not change significantly after exposure to Li. In contrast, chlorophyll and protein content decreased, whilst monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids content increased after the exposure to 1 mg/L Li. The results indicated that Salvinia natans exposed to low Li concentrations may be a good source of minerals, omega 6 and omega 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Iulia Török
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana Moldovan
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lacrimioara Senila
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eniko Kovacs
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria-Alexandra Resz
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marin Senila
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Cadar
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudiu Tanaselia
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Erika Andrea Levei
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute of Research and Development for Optoelectronics INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Senila L, Cadar O, Kovacs E, Gal E, Dan M, Stupar Z, Simedru D, Senila M, Roman C. L-Poly(lactic acid) Production by Microwave Irradiation of Lactic Acid Obtained from Lignocellulosic Wastes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9817. [PMID: 37372965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
L-polylactic acid (PLA), a semi-crystalline aliphatic polyester, is one of the most manufactured biodegradable plastics worldwide. The objective of the study was to obtain L-polylactic acid (PLA) from lignocellulosic plum biomass. Initially, the biomass was processed via pressurized hot water pretreatment at a temperature of 180 °C for 30 min at 10 MPa for carbohydrate separation. Cellulase and the beta-glucosidase enzymes were then added, and the mixture was fermented with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7469. The resulting lactic acid was concentrated and purified after ammonium sulphate and n-butanol extraction. The productivity of L-lactic acid was 2.04 ± 0.18 g/L/h. Then, the PLA was synthesized in two stages. Firstly, lactic acid was subjected to azeotropic dehydration at 140 °C for 24 h in the presence of xylene, using SnCl2 (0.4 wt.%) as a catalyst, resulting in lactide (CPLA). Secondly, microwave-assisted polymerization was carried out at 140 °C for 30 min with 0.4 wt.% SnCl2. The resulting powder was purified with methanol to produce PLA with 92.1% yield. The obtained PLA was confirmed using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Overall, the resulting PLA can successfully replace the traditional synthetic polymers used in the packaging industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacrimioara Senila
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Cadar
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eniko Kovacs
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emese Gal
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 11 Arany Janos Street, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Monica Dan
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zamfira Stupar
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dorina Simedru
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marin Senila
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cecilia Roman
- Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation Subsidiary, National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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11
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Angyus SB, Senila M, Frentiu T, Ponta M, Frentiu M, Covaci E. In-situ Diffusive Gradients in thin-films passive sampling coupled with ex-situ small-sized electrothermal vaporization capacitively coupled plasma microtorch optical emission spectrometry as green and white method for the simultaneous determination of labile species of toxic elements in surface water. Talanta 2023; 259:124551. [PMID: 37075518 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
This study presents for the first time the coupling between in-situ Diffusive Gradient in Thin-film (DGT) passive sampling technique and ex-situ small-sized instrumentation based on electrothermal vaporization capacitively coupled plasma microtorch optical emission spectrometry (SSETV-μCCP-OES) for the simultaneous determination of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Hg in surface water. Unique features of the DGT-SSETV-μCCP-OES are low power and low Ar consumption for plasma generation (15 W, 150 mL min-1) and significant improvement of the detection limits following DGT passive sampling. The new method was validated in terms of river water analysis in comparison with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry and thermal decomposition atomic absorption spectrometry. Combining the abilities of preconcentration by in-situ Chelex-DGT passive sampling with plasma microtorch equipped with a low resolution microspectrometer provided multielemental simultaneous determination with detection limits of (μg L-1) 0.01 (Cd, Zn and Hg), 0.02 (Cu) and 0.07 (Pb) in water, at least one order of magnitude better than using grab sampling without preconcentration. It was possible the quantification of labile fraction of priority hazardous metals (Cd, Pb) in river water below the instrumental limits of detection (μg L-1) of 0.12 and 0.80 obtained in SSETV-μCCP-OES without DGT sampling. The precision of the method was in the range 15.3-22.4% (combined uncertainty), while the accuracy was 95-103% and trueness of 27-33% (expanded uncertainty, k = 2). The DGT-SSETV-μCCP-OES coupling proved to be an ideal and powerful tool for surface water analysis in compliance with green and white analytical chemistry concepts. The application of the RGB-12 algorithm provided very good red/green (AGREEprep)/blue/white scores (%) of 100/80/98/93, determined primarily by in-situ DGT passive sampling, very good detection limits and cost-effective SSETV-μCCP-OES instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simion Bogdan Angyus
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics INOE 2000 INCD Bucharest, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Babes-Bolyai University, Research Center for Advanced Analysis, Instrumentation and Chemometrics, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marin Senila
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics INOE 2000 INCD Bucharest, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tiberiu Frentiu
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Babes-Bolyai University, Research Center for Advanced Analysis, Instrumentation and Chemometrics, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Michaela Ponta
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Babes-Bolyai University, Research Center for Advanced Analysis, Instrumentation and Chemometrics, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Frentiu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics INOE 2000 INCD Bucharest, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eniko Covaci
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Babes-Bolyai University, Research Center for Advanced Analysis, Instrumentation and Chemometrics, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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12
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Cadar O, Vagner I, Miu I, Scurtu D, Senila M. Preparation, Characterization, and Performance of Natural Zeolites as Alternative Materials for Beer Filtration. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:1914. [PMID: 36903029 PMCID: PMC10004079 DOI: 10.3390/ma16051914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The clarity of the beer is essential to its marketability and good consumer approval. Moreover, the beer filtration aims to remove the unwanted constituents that cause beer haze formation. Natural zeolite, an inexpensive and widespread material, was tested as a substitute filter media for diatomaceous earth in removing the haze constituents in beer. The zeolitic tuff samples were collected from two quarries in Northern Romania: Chilioara, in which the zeolitic tuff has a clinoptilolite content of about 65%, and the Valea Pomilor quarry, containing zeolitic tuff with a clinoptilolite content of about 40%. Two-grain sizes, <40 and <100 µm, from each quarry were prepared and thermally treated at 450 °C in order to improve their adsorption properties and remove organic compounds and for physico-chemical characterization. The prepared zeolites were used for beer filtration in different mixtures with commercial filter aids (DIF BO and CBL3) in laboratory-scale experiments, and the filtered beer was characterized in terms of pH, turbidity, color, taste, flavor, and concentrations of the major and trace elements. The results showed that the taste, flavor, and pH of the filtered beer were generally not affected by filtration, while turbidity and color decreased with an increase in the zeolite content used in the filtration. The concentrations of Na and Mg in the beer were not significantly altered by filtration; Ca and K slowly increased, while Cd and Co were below the limits of quantification. Our results show that natural zeolites are promising aids for beer filtration and can be readily substituted for diatomaceous earth without significant changes in brewery industry process equipment and protocols for preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Cadar
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Irina Vagner
- National Research and Development Institute for Cryogenic and Isotopic Technologies Romania, 4 Uzinei Street, 240050 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania
| | - Ion Miu
- SC Utchim S.R.L., 12 Buda Street, 240127 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania
| | - Daniela Scurtu
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marin Senila
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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13
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Cadar O, Stupar Z, Senila M, Levei L, Moldovan A, Becze A, Ozunu A, Levei EA. Zeolites Reduce the Transfer of Potentially Toxic Elements from Soil to Leafy Vegetables. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:5657. [PMID: 36013790 PMCID: PMC9416071 DOI: 10.3390/ma15165657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ability of natural zeolite amendment to reduce the uptake of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) by lettuce, spinach and parsley was evaluated using pot experiments. PTE concentrations in roots and shoots, as well as the pseudo total (PT), water soluble (WS) and bioavailable (BA) PTE fractions in the amended soils, were assessed. Although the PT PTE concentration was high, the WS fraction was very low (<0.4%), while the BA fraction varied widely (<5% for Cr, Mn and Co, <15% for Ni, Pb and Zn, >20% for Cd and Cu). PTE concentration decreased in both roots and shoots of all leafy vegetables grown on zeolite amended soils, especially at high amendment dose (10%). The uptake of PTEs mainly depended on plant species, PTE type and amendment dose. With the exception of Zn in spinach, the bioaccumulation factor for roots was higher than for shoots. Generally, lettuce displayed the highest PTE bioaccumulation capacity, followed by spinach and parsley. Except for Zn in spinach, the transfer factors were below 1 for all PTEs, all plant species and all amendment doses. Our results showed that the natural zeolites are promising candidates in the reclamation of contaminated soils due to their ability to immobilize PTEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Cadar
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zamfira Stupar
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marin Senila
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Levente Levei
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana Moldovan
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Anca Becze
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Ozunu
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Babes-Bolyai University, 30 Fantanele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Erika Andrea Levei
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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14
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Ruiu A, Bouilhac C, Gimello O, Seaudeau-Pirouley K, Senila M, Jänisch T, Lacroix-Desmazes P. Synthesis and Phase Behavior of a Platform of CO2-Soluble Functional Gradient Copolymers Bearing Metal-Complexing Units. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14132698. [PMID: 35808744 PMCID: PMC9269141 DOI: 10.3390/polym14132698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of a platform of novel functional fluorinated gradient copolymers soluble in liquid and supercritical CO2 is reported. These functional copolymers are bearing different types of complexing units (pyridine, triphenylphosphine, acetylacetate, thioacetate, and thiol) which are well-known ligands for various metals. They have been prepared by reversible addition–fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization in order to obtain well-defined gradient copolymers. The copolymers have been characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), dynamical scanning calorimetry (DSC) and cloud point measurements in dense CO2. All the investigated metal-complexing copolymers are soluble in dense CO2 under mild conditions (pressure lower than 30 MPa up to 65 °C), confirming their potential applications in processes such as metal-catalyzed reactions in dense CO2, metal impregnation, (e.g., preparation of supported catalysts) or metal extraction from various substrates (solid or liquid effluents). Particularly, it opens the door to greener and less energy-demanding processes for the recovery of metals from spent catalysts compared to more conventional pyro- and hydro-metallurgical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ruiu
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.R.); (O.G.)
| | - Cécile Bouilhac
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.R.); (O.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (P.L.-D.)
| | - Olinda Gimello
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.R.); (O.G.)
| | | | - Marin Senila
- INCDO INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, ICIA, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Thorsten Jänisch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology, 76327 Pfinztal, Germany;
| | - Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes
- ICGM, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France; (A.R.); (O.G.)
- Correspondence: (C.B.); (P.L.-D.)
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15
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Senila M, Neag E, Cadar O, Kovacs ED, Aschilean I, Kovacs MH. Simultaneous Removal of Heavy Metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn and Pb) from Aqueous Solutions Using Thermally Treated Romanian Zeolitic Volcanic Tuff. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123938. [PMID: 35745064 PMCID: PMC9231371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased concentrations of heavy metals in the environment are of public health concern, their removal from waters receiving considerable interest. The aim of this paper was to study the simultaneous adsorption of heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Cr, Ni, Zn and Pb) from aqueous solutions using the zeolitic volcanic tuffs as adsorbents. The effect of thermal treatment temperature, particle size and initial metal concentrations on the metal ions sorption was investigated. The selectivity of used zeolite for the adsorption of studied heavy metals followed the order: Pb > Cr > Cu > Zn > Cd > Ni. The removal efficiency of the heavy metals was strongly influenced by the particle sizes, the samples with smaller particle size (0−0.05 mm) being more efficient in heavy metals removal than those with larger particle size (1−3 mm). Generally, no relevant changes were observed in heavy metals removal efficiency for the treatment temperatures of 200 °C and 350 °C. Moreover, at a higher temperature (550 °C), a decrease in the removal efficiencies was observed. The Cd, Zn, Cu, Cr, Zn and Ni sorption was best described by Langmuir model according to the high values of correlation coefficient. The pseudo-first-order kinetic model presented the best correlation of the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Senila
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.N.); (O.C.); (E.D.K.); (M.H.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Emilia Neag
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.N.); (O.C.); (E.D.K.); (M.H.K.)
| | - Oana Cadar
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.N.); (O.C.); (E.D.K.); (M.H.K.)
| | - Emoke Dalma Kovacs
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.N.); (O.C.); (E.D.K.); (M.H.K.)
| | - Ioan Aschilean
- Zeolites Production S.A., 359 Republicii Street, Rupea, 505500 Brasov, Romania;
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului St., 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Melinda Haydee Kovacs
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.N.); (O.C.); (E.D.K.); (M.H.K.)
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16
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Senila M, Neag E, Cadar O, Hoaghia MA, Roman M, Moldovan A, Hosu A, Lupas A, Kovacs ED. Characteristics of Volcanic Tuff from Macicasu (Romania) and Its Capacity to Remove Ammonia from Contaminated Air. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113503. [PMID: 35684443 PMCID: PMC9182413 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present work, the capability of the volcanic tuff from Macicasu (Romania) to remove ammonia (NH3) from air with different contamination levels during 24 h of adsorption experiments was investigated. The natural zeolitic volcanic tuff was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption capacities varied between 0.022 mg NH3 g−1 zeolite and 0.282 mg NH3 g−1 zeolite, depending on the NH3 concentrations in the air and at the contact time. The nonlinear forms of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were used to fit the experimental data. Additionally, the adsorption of NH3 was studied using nonlinear pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), and Elovich kinetic model. Based on the total volume of pores of used volcanic tuff, the NH3 was removed from the air both due to the physical adsorption of NH3 gas and the ion exchange of NH4+ (resulted from a reaction between NH3 and H2O adsorbed by the zeolite). Depending on the initial NH3 concentration and the amount of volcanic tuff, the NH3 concentrations can be reduced below the threshold of this contaminant in the air. The adsorption capacity of NH3 per unit of zeolite (1 g) varied in the range of 0.022–0.282 mg NH3 g−1 depending on the NH3 concentration in the air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Senila
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.N.); (O.C.); (M.-A.H.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (E.D.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Emilia Neag
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.N.); (O.C.); (M.-A.H.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (E.D.K.)
| | - Oana Cadar
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.N.); (O.C.); (M.-A.H.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (E.D.K.)
| | - Maria-Alexandra Hoaghia
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.N.); (O.C.); (M.-A.H.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (E.D.K.)
| | - Marius Roman
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.N.); (O.C.); (M.-A.H.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (E.D.K.)
| | - Ana Moldovan
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.N.); (O.C.); (M.-A.H.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (E.D.K.)
| | - Alexandru Hosu
- GeoPlus Services SRL, 99D Braniste Street, 407310 Gilau, Romania;
| | - Angela Lupas
- Doralex Com SRL, 151A Maramureșului Street, 400268 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Emoke Dalma Kovacs
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.N.); (O.C.); (M.-A.H.); (M.R.); (A.M.); (E.D.K.)
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17
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Neag E, Stupar Z, Torok AI, Surupaceanu I, Senila M, Cadar O. Exploring the Properties of Micronized Natural Zeolitic Volcanic Tuff as Cosmetic Ingredient. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15072405. [PMID: 35407738 PMCID: PMC8999264 DOI: 10.3390/ma15072405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study explores the characteristics of a micronized natural zeolitic volcanic tuff (MZ) as ingredient in cosmetic formulations. In particular, the purpose was to prepare and investigate the organoleptic and physicochemical properties of two representative cosmetic formulations containing MZ. The MZ samples were characterized using X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), apparent density, chemical composition and particle size distribution of MZ samples were also determined. The micronization treatment applied did not produce significant structural and physicochemical changes with respect to the raw zeolitic volcanic tuff. The prepared formulations containing 5% MZ with different particle sizes (100–125 µm and 125–250 µm) were subjected to preliminary and accelerated stability tests, and the pH and organoleptic properties were also evaluated. The cosmetic formulations presented a pH of 4.3, a pleasant touch, good spreadability, easy application on skin, no color alteration and a good stability after 15, 30 and 60 days of storage at room temperature, low temperature and freezer during the accelerated stability tests. The obtained results endorse the MZ as suitable for the development of formulations exploiting the clinoptilolite properties as a cosmetic ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Neag
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Z.S.); (A.I.T.); (M.S.); (O.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-264-420-590
| | - Zamfira Stupar
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Z.S.); (A.I.T.); (M.S.); (O.C.)
| | - Anamaria Iulia Torok
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Z.S.); (A.I.T.); (M.S.); (O.C.)
| | - Ionut Surupaceanu
- Apel Laser SRL, Mogosoaia, 25 Vanatorilor Street, 077135 Ilfov, Romania;
| | - Marin Senila
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Z.S.); (A.I.T.); (M.S.); (O.C.)
| | - Oana Cadar
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (Z.S.); (A.I.T.); (M.S.); (O.C.)
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18
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Cadar O, Mocan T, Roman C, Senila M. Analytical Performance and Validation of a Reliable Method Based on Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for the Determination of Gold Nanoparticles in Biological Tissues. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:3370. [PMID: 34947719 PMCID: PMC8708685 DOI: 10.3390/nano11123370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have a wide-ranging application and are widespread in samples with complex matrices; thus, efficient analytical procedures are necessary to identify and characterize this analyte. A sensitive analytical method for determination of AuNPs content in biological tissues, based on microwave-assisted acid wet digestion and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) validated in accordance with the requirements of Eurachem guideline and ISO 17025 standard, is presented in this study. The digestion procedure was optimized, and the figures of merit such as selectivity, limit of detection (0.43 µg L-1), limit of quantification (1.29 µg L-1, corresponding to 12.9 µg kg-1 in tissue sample, considering the digestion), working range, linearity, repeatability ((RSDr 4.15%), intermediate precision (RSDR 8.07%), recovery in accuracy study (97%), were methodically evaluated. The measurement uncertainty was assessed considering the main sources of uncertainties and the calculated relative expanded uncertainty (k = 2) was 12.5%. The method was applied for the determination of AuNPs in six biological tissues (liver, small intestine, heart, lungs, brain and kidneys) and the found concentrations were generally at low levels, close or lower than LOQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Cadar
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, RO-400296 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (C.R.)
| | - Teodora Mocan
- Physiology Department, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, RO-400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Nanomedicine Department, Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, RO-400158 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cecilia Roman
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, RO-400296 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (C.R.)
| | - Marin Senila
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, RO-400296 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (C.R.)
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19
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Senila L, Scurtu DA, Kovacs E, Senila M, Tomoiag CH, Roman C. Determination of Furfural from Vineyard Waste by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography – Diode Array Detection (UHPLC-DAD) with Method Validation and Uncertainty Evaluation. ANAL LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2021.1959603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lacrimioara Senila
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Eniko Kovacs
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marin Senila
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | | | - Cecilia Roman
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Hoaghia MA, Aschilean I, Babalau-Fuss V, Becze A, Cadar O, Roman C, Roman M, Senila M, Kovacs E. Activated natural zeolites for petroleum hydrocarbons adsorption. Studia UBB Chemia 2021. [DOI: 10.24193/subbchem.2021.02.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacrimioara Senila
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Romania
| | - Neag Emilia
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Romania
| | - Oana Cadar
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Romania
| | - Anca Becze
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Romania
| | | | | | - Marin Senila
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Romania
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22
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Ruiu A, Bauer-Siebenlist B, Senila M, Li WSJ, Seaudeau-Pirouley K, Lacroix-Desmazes P, Jänisch T. Supercritical CO 2 Extraction of Palladium Oxide from an Aluminosilicate-Supported Catalyst Enhanced by a Combination of Complexing Polymers and Piperidine. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030684. [PMID: 33525610 PMCID: PMC7865370 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Precious metals, in particular Pd, have a wide range of applications in industry. Due to their scarcity, precious metals have to be recycled, preferably with green and energy-saving recycling processes. In this article, palladium extraction from an aluminosilicate-supported catalyst, containing about 2 wt% (weight%) of Pd (100% PdO), with supercritical CO2 (scCO2) assisted by complexing polymers is described. Two polymers, p(FDA)SH homopolymer and p(FDA-co-DPPS) copolymer (FDA: 1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorodecyl acrylate; DPPS: 4-(diphenylphosphino)styrene), were tested with regards to their ability to extract palladium. Both polymers showed relatively low extraction conversions of approximately 18% and 30%, respectively. However, the addition of piperidine as activator for p(FDA-co-DPPS) allowed for an increase in the extraction conversion of up to 60%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ruiu
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (A.R.); (W.S.J.L.)
| | | | - Marin Senila
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - W. S. Jennifer Li
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (A.R.); (W.S.J.L.)
| | - Karine Seaudeau-Pirouley
- Innovation Fluides Supercritiques (IFS), Bâtiment INEED, 1 Rue Marc, Seguin, BP16109, 26300 Alixan, France;
| | - Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes
- ICGM, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France; (A.R.); (W.S.J.L.)
- Correspondence: (P.L.-D.); (T.J.)
| | - Thorsten Jänisch
- Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology (ICT), Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Str. 7, 76327 Pfinztal, Germany
- Correspondence: (P.L.-D.); (T.J.)
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23
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Senila M, Cadar O, Senila L, Böringer S, Seaudeau-Pirouley K, Ruiu A, Lacroix-Desmazes P. Performance Parameters of Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry and Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Techniques for Pd and Pt Determination in Automotive Catalysts. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E5136. [PMID: 33202565 PMCID: PMC7697727 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Palladium (Pd) and platinum (Pt) are extensively used as catalysts in the petrochemical and automotive industries, and due to high demand for them on the market, their recycling from spent supported catalysts is clearly needed. To assess the content of Pd and Pt in catalysts in order to establish their commercial value or to evaluate the recovery efficiency of technologies used for recycling, reliable analytical methods for determination of these elements are required. Spectrometric methods, such as inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) are powerful tools that can be employed for the determination of Pd and Pt in various sample matrices. However, these methods allow only the injection of liquid samples. In this regard, the digestion of solid sample by microwave-assisted acid extraction procedures at high pressures and temperatures is often used. In this study, a microwave acid digestion method was optimized for the extraction of Pd and Pt from spent catalysts, using a four-step program, at a maximum 200 °C. The resulting solutions were analyzed using ICP-OES, at two different wavelengths for each metal (Pd at 340.458 and 363.470 nm, and Pt at 265.945 and 214.423 nm, respectively) and using GFAAS (Pd at 247.64 nm, Pt at 265.94 nm). Five types of spent catalyst were analyzed and the standard deviations of repeatability for five parallel samples were less than predicted relative standard deviations (PRSD%) calculated using Horvitz's equation for all the analyzed samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Senila
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Oana Cadar
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Lacrimioara Senila
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (L.S.)
| | - Sarah Böringer
- Fraunhofer Institute for Chemical Technology ICT, Department Environmental Engineering, Group Reaction and Separation Techniques, 76327 Pfinztal, Germany;
| | | | - Andrea Ruiu
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France;
| | - Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes
- Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier (ICGM), Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France;
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Senila L, Kovacs E, Scurtu DA, Cadar O, Becze A, Senila M, Levei EA, Dumitras DE, Tenu I, Roman C. Bioethanol Production from Vineyard Waste by Autohydrolysis Pretreatment and Chlorite Delignification via Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112606. [PMID: 32503355 PMCID: PMC7321332 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the production of a second-generation bioethanol from lignocellulosic vineyard cutting wastes was investigated in order to define the optimal operating conditions of the autohydrolysis pretreatment, chlorite delignification and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF). The autohydrolysis of vine-shoot wastes resulted in liquors containing mainly a mixture of monosaccharides, degradation products and spent solids (rich in cellulose and lignin), with potential utility in obtaining valuable chemicals and bioethanol. The autohydrolysis of the vine-shoot wastes was carried out at 165 and 180 °C for 10 min residence time, and the resulted solid and liquid phases composition were analysed. The resulted liquid fraction contained hemicellulosic sugars as a mixture of alpha (α) and beta (β) sugar anomers, and secondary by-products. The solid fraction was delignified using the sodium chlorite method for the separation of lignin and easier access of enzymes to the cellulosic sugars, and then, converted to ethanol by the SSF process. The maximum bioethanol production (6%) was obtained by autohydrolysis (165 °C), chlorite delignification and SSF process at 37 °C, 10% solid loading, 72 h. The principal component analysis was used to identify the main parameters that influence the chemical compositions of vine-shoot waste for different varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lacrimioara Senila
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation subsidiary, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.K.); (D.A.S.); (O.C.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (E.A.L.); (C.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-264-420-590
| | - Eniko Kovacs
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation subsidiary, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.K.); (D.A.S.); (O.C.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (E.A.L.); (C.R.)
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Daniela Alexandra Scurtu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation subsidiary, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.K.); (D.A.S.); (O.C.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (E.A.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Oana Cadar
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation subsidiary, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.K.); (D.A.S.); (O.C.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (E.A.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Anca Becze
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation subsidiary, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.K.); (D.A.S.); (O.C.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (E.A.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Marin Senila
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation subsidiary, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.K.); (D.A.S.); (O.C.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (E.A.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Erika Andrea Levei
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation subsidiary, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.K.); (D.A.S.); (O.C.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (E.A.L.); (C.R.)
| | - Diana Elena Dumitras
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Manastur Street, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ioan Tenu
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Cecilia Roman
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation subsidiary, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (E.K.); (D.A.S.); (O.C.); (A.B.); (M.S.); (E.A.L.); (C.R.)
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Senila M, Cadar O, Miu I. Development and Validation of a Spectrometric Method for Cd and Pb Determination in Zeolites and Safety Evaluation. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112591. [PMID: 32498463 PMCID: PMC7321230 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An analytical method based on microwave-assisted acid digestion and atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace as atomization source was developed and validated for determining trace elements (Cd and Pb) in zeolites used as dietary supplements, for their characterization and safety evaluation. The method was checked for the main performance parameters according to the legislation requirements in the field of dietary supplements. In all cases, the obtained performance parameters were satisfactory. The selectivity study showed no significant non-spectral matrix effect. The linearity study was conducted for the calibration curves in the range of 0–10 ng mL−1 for Cd and 0–30 ng mL−1 for Pb. The obtained limits of detection (LoDs) and the limits of quantification (LoQs) were sufficiently low in order to allow Pb and Cd determination in dietary supplements. For the internal quality control, certified reference materials were analysed and good recoveries were obtained. The precision study was performed in terms of repeatability and reproducibility, considering the requirements imposed by the Commission Decision (2007/333/EC) and the method fulfilled these performance parameters. Expanded measurement uncertainties were estimated to 11% for Cd and 10% for Pb. Cd and Pb content were measured in real zeolite samples and, using these data, a safety evaluation was carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Senila
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-264-420590
| | - Oana Cadar
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Ion Miu
- SC UTCHIM SRL, 12 Buda Street, 240127 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania;
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Cadar O, Senila M, Hoaghia MA, Scurtu D, Miu I, Levei EA. Effects of Thermal Treatment on Natural Clinoptilolite-Rich Zeolite Behavior in Simulated Biological Fluids. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112570. [PMID: 32486499 PMCID: PMC7321366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents the effect of thermal treatment (450, 500, 600, 750, and 800 °C) on a Romanian clinoptilolite-rich natural zeolite, along with the interaction of raw and thermally treated zeolites with simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH = 1.20) at different zeolite to SGF ratios and exposure times. The zeolites were characterized using gravimetric analysis, X-ray fluorescence, powder X-ray diffraction (pXRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The chemical composition of the zeolite subjected to thermal treatment did not change significantly with the increase of temperature. Structural changes were not detectable by pXRD and FT-IR analyses in the zeolites thermally treated up to 500 °C, while above 600 °C a gradual structural breakdown of zeolite was noticed. At high temperatures, the broad, low-intensity peaks in pXRD patterns indicated the partial amorphization of the crystalline structure. The pXRD and FT-IR analyses showed that the crystalline structure of zeolites remains unaffected after their exposure to SGF. The results revealed that the amounts of Fe, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Al, and Si released depends mainly on the zeolite to SGF ratio, and to a lower extent on the thermal treatment temperature, while the exposure time of 1 to 7 days does not have a significant impact on the elements released in SGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana Cadar
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (M.S.); (M.-A.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Marin Senila
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (M.S.); (M.-A.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Maria-Alexandra Hoaghia
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (M.S.); (M.-A.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniela Scurtu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (M.S.); (M.-A.H.); (D.S.)
| | - Ion Miu
- SC UTCHIM SRL, 12 Buda Street, 240127 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania;
| | - Erika Andrea Levei
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (M.S.); (M.-A.H.); (D.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-264-420590
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Covaci E, Senila M, Ponta M, Frentiu T. Analytical performances and validation of optical emission and atomic absorption spectrometry methods for multielemental determination in vegetables and fruits. REV ROUM CHIM 2020. [DOI: 10.33224/rrch.2020.65.7-8.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Senila M, Cadar O, Senila L, Hoaghia A, Miu I. Mercury Determination in Natural Zeolites by Thermal Decomposition Atomic Absorption Spectrometry: Method Validation in Compliance with Requirements for Use as Dietary Supplements. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224023. [PMID: 31698864 PMCID: PMC6891468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural zeolites are hydrated aluminosilicate minerals that, due to their remarkable physical-chemical properties of being molecular sieves and cation exchangers, have applications in different areas such as environmental protection, catalysis, animal feed, and dietary supplements. Since natural zeolites may contain traces of undesirable compounds such as toxic metals, the accurate quantification of these elements is necessary. In this study, a direct method for Hg determination in zeolite samples based on the thermal desorption atomic absorption spectrometry (TD-AAS) technique is fully validated, taking into account the legislative requirements in the field. The chosen quantification limit was 0.9 µg kg−1, which is satisfactory for intended use. Trueness was evaluated by recovery rate using certified reference materials containing mercury, with satisfactory results. Other figures of merit, such as repeatability and measurement uncertainty, also fulfill the legislative requirements related to the analysis of dietary supplements. This paper presents, for the first time, a fully validated method for mercury determination in zeolite samples, and the obtained results reveal that the method can be applied successfully for the intended purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Senila
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (L.S.); (A.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-264-420-590
| | - Oana Cadar
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (L.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Lacrimioara Senila
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (L.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Alexandra Hoaghia
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath Street, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (O.C.); (L.S.); (A.H.)
| | - Ion Miu
- SC UTCHIM SRL, 12 Buda Street, 240127 Ramnicu Valcea, Romania;
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Covaci E, Angyus SB, Senila M, Ponta M, Darvasi E, Frentiu M, Frentiu T. Eco-scale non-chromatographic method for mercury speciation in fish using formic acid extraction and UV–Vis photochemical vapor generation capacitively coupled plasma microtorch optical emission spectrometry. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lung I, Stan M, Opris O, Soran ML, Senila M, Stefan M. Removal of Lead(II), Cadmium(II), and Arsenic(III) from Aqueous Solution Using Magnetite Nanoparticles Prepared by Green Synthesis with Box–Behnken Design. ANAL LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2018.1446974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ildiko Lung
- Department of Physics of Nanostructured Systems, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Manuela Stan
- Department of Physics of Nanostructured Systems, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ocsana Opris
- Department of Physics of Nanostructured Systems, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria-Loredana Soran
- Department of Physics of Nanostructured Systems, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marin Senila
- Research Department, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, INCDO-INOE 2000, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Stefan
- Department of Physics of Nanostructured Systems, National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Covaci E, Senila M, Ponta M, Darvasi E, Frentiu M, Frentiu T. Mercury speciation in seafood using non-chromatographic chemical vapor generation capacitively coupled plasma microtorch optical emission spectrometry method – Evaluation of methylmercury exposure. Food Control 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Covaci E, Senila M, Ponta M, Darvasi E, Petreus D, Frentiu M, Frentiu T. Methylmercury determination in seafood by photochemical vapor generation capacitively coupled plasma microtorch optical emission spectrometry. Talanta 2017; 170:464-472. [PMID: 28501197 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A non-chromatographic method based on double liquid-liquid extraction and measurements by UV photochemical vapor generation capacitively coupled plasma microtorch optical emission spectrometry was developed and characterized for methylmercury determination in seafood. Samples were prepared following the procedure recommended in JRC Technical Report of European Commission formerly proposed for the determination of methylmercury in seafood by thermal decomposition atomic absorption spectrometry, namely confinement of Hg species in 47% HBr solution, extraction of CH3Hg+ in toluene and back-extraction in 1% l-cysteine aqueous solution. Mercury cold vapor was generated by flow injection UV photo-reduction from CH3Hg+ in 0.6molL-1 HCOOH, while quantification was performed against external Hg2+ aqueous standards and measuring Hg 253.652nm emission using a low power/Ar consumption plasma microtorch (15W, 100mLmin-1) and a low resolution microspectrometer (Ocean Optics). The figures of merit and analytical capability were assessed by analyzing certified reference materials and test samples of fish fillet and discussed in relation with requirements for Hg determination in seafood in European legislation (Decisions 2007/333/EC and 2002/657/EC) as well as compared to performances achieved in thermal decomposition atomic absorption spectrometry. The limit of detection and quantification of 2µgkg-1 and 6µgkg-1 respectively, precision of 2.7-9.4% and accuracy of 99±8% of the proposed method for the determination of CH3Hg+ fulfill the demands of European legislation for Hg quantification. The limit of detection and quantification were better than those in the used reference method or other non-/chromatographic methods taken for comparison. The analysis of certified reference materials and the Bland and Altman test performed on 12 test samples confirmed trueness of the proposed method and its reliability for the determination of traces of CH3Hg+ with 95% confidence level. The proposed method fulfills several demands of the eco-scale concept, is sensitive, simple and safe related to sample preparation through elimination of classical, harmful reductants and attractive by using economical miniaturized instrumentation incorporating a low power and low Ar consumption plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eniko Covaci
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marin Senila
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Michaela Ponta
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eugen Darvasi
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dorin Petreus
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Gh. Baritiu 26-28, 40002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maria Frentiu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Tiberiu Frentiu
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Butaciu S, Senila M, Sarbu C, Ponta M, Tanaselia C, Cadar O, Roman M, Radu E, Sima M, Frentiu T. Chemical modeling of groundwater in the Banat Plain, southwestern Romania, with elevated As content and co-occurring species by combining diagrams and unsupervised multivariate statistical approaches. Chemosphere 2017; 172:127-137. [PMID: 28063315 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.12.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The study proposes a combined model based on diagrams (Gibbs, Piper, Stuyfzand Hydrogeochemical Classification System) and unsupervised statistical approaches (Cluster Analysis, Principal Component Analysis, Fuzzy Principal Component Analysis, Fuzzy Hierarchical Cross-Clustering) to describe natural enrichment of inorganic arsenic and co-occurring species in groundwater in the Banat Plain, southwestern Romania. Speciation of inorganic As (arsenite, arsenate), ion concentrations (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, HCO3-, Cl-, F-, SO42-, PO43-, NO3-), pH, redox potential, conductivity and total dissolved substances were performed. Classical diagrams provided the hydrochemical characterization, while statistical approaches were helpful to establish (i) the mechanism of naturally occurring of As and F- species and the anthropogenic one for NO3-, SO42-, PO43- and K+ and (ii) classification of groundwater based on content of arsenic species. The HCO3- type of local groundwater and alkaline pH (8.31-8.49) were found to be responsible for the enrichment of arsenic species and occurrence of F- but by different paths. The PO43--AsO43- ion exchange, water-rock interaction (silicates hydrolysis and desorption from clay) were associated to arsenate enrichment in the oxidizing aquifer. Fuzzy Hierarchical Cross-Clustering was the strongest tool for the rapid simultaneous classification of groundwaters as a function of arsenic content and hydrogeochemical characteristics. The approach indicated the Na+-F--pH cluster as marker for groundwater with naturally elevated As and highlighted which parameters need to be monitored. A chemical conceptual model illustrating the natural and anthropogenic paths and enrichment of As and co-occurring species in the local groundwater supported by mineralogical analysis of rocks was established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinziana Butaciu
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marin Senila
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Costel Sarbu
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Michaela Ponta
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Claudiu Tanaselia
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Cadar
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marius Roman
- National Institute for Research and Development of Optoelectronics Bucharest, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Donath 67, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emil Radu
- National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management, Bucuresti-Ploiesti 97, 013686, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Sima
- Romanian Academy, Institute of Geography, Dimitrie Racovita 12, 023993, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tiberiu Frentiu
- Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Arany Janos 11, 400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Senila M, Levei E, Cadar O, Senila LR, Roman M, Puskas F, Sima M. Assessment of Availability and Human Health Risk Posed by Arsenic Contaminated Well Waters from Timis-Bega Area, Romania. J Anal Methods Chem 2017; 2017:3037651. [PMID: 29123939 PMCID: PMC5662826 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3037651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Mobilization of As from geological materials into ground and drinking water sources may represent an important threat to human health. The objective of this study was to assess the As concentration and availability in underground water used as drinking water sources. Water samples were collected from public and private wells in Timis-Bega area of Pannonian Basin, West Romania. Total-dissolved As measured after "classical" filtration of water samples was in the range of 0.10-168 μg L-1, thus exceeding the guideline value in majority of the samples. The aim of this study was also to assess the "truly dissolved" concentrations of As considered as available concentrations, in well waters, after passive sampling by Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT). The results showed that over 70% of total-dissolved As is in available forms. The obtained data were used to evaluate the risks of using the wells as drinking water source. Hazard quotients for ingestion and dermal pathways and hazard index (HI) for exposure to As were calculated. The HI values > 1 found that majority of samples indicated a health risk for local residents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Senila
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Erika Levei
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Oana Cadar
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Lacrimioara Ramona Senila
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Marius Roman
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ferenc Puskas
- Electronic April Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Pasteur, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihaela Sima
- Romanian Academy, Institute of Geography, 12 Dimitrie Racovita, 023993 Bucharest, Romania
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Butaciu S, Frentiu T, Senila M, Darvasi E, Cadar S, Ponta M, Petreus D, Etz R, Frentiu M. Determination of Cd in food using an electrothermal vaporization capacitively coupled plasma microtorch optical emission microspectrometer: Compliance with European legislation and comparison with graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kaplan R, Erjavec B, Senila M, Pintar A. Catalytic wet air oxidation of bisphenol A solution in a batch-recycle trickle-bed reactor over titanate nanotube-based catalysts. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2014; 21:11313-11319. [PMID: 24862485 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3042-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) is classified as an advanced oxidation process, which proved to be highly efficient for the removal of emerging organic pollutant bisphenol A (BPA) from water. In this study, BPA was successfully removed in a batch-recycle trickle-bed reactor over bare titanate nanotube-based catalysts at very short space time of 0.6 min gCAT g(-1). The as-prepared titanate nanotubes, which underwent heat treatment at 600 °C, showed high activity for the removal of aqueous BPA. Liquid-phase recycling (5- or 10-fold recycle) enabled complete BPA conversion already at 200 °C, together with high conversion of total organic carbon (TOC), i.e., 73 and 98 %, respectively. The catalyst was chemically stable in the given range of operating conditions for 189 h on stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Kaplan
- Laboratory for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, 1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Senila M, Drolc A, Pintar A, Senila L, Levei E. Validation and measurement uncertainty evaluation of the ICP-OES method for the multi-elemental determination of essential and nonessential elements from medicinal plants and their aqueous extracts. J Anal Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/s40543-014-0037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Frentiu T, Butaciu S, Ponta M, Senila M, Darvasi E, Frentiu M, Petreus D. Determination of Total Mercury in Fish Tissue Using a Low-Cost Cold Vapor Capacitively Coupled Plasma Microtorch Optical Emission Microspectrometer: Comparison with Direct Mercury Determination by Thermal Decomposition Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9940-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Senila M. Real and simulated bioavailability of lead in contaminated and uncontaminated soils. J Environ Health Sci Eng 2014; 12:108. [PMID: 25097761 PMCID: PMC4114113 DOI: 10.1186/2052-336x-12-108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lead (Pb) is a toxic element that occurs in elevated concentrations in soils, mostly as a result of anthropogenic activities. This study assess the Pb bioavailability in soils from two areas with different contamination level using Diffusive Gradients in Thin-Films (DGT) technique, single extractions and metal contents of vegetables grown on contaminated soils. RESULTS In the area situated far from mining and smelting activities, the pseudo total Pb concentration (12 - 51 mg kg(-1) dw) was found to be comparable to that normally found in unpolluted areas. In the area from the vicinity of the Pb smelter very high concentrations of pseudo-total Pb (850 - 9300 mg kg(-1) dw) were found. The average concentrations of Pb accumulated in onion, garlic, carrot, and parsley grown on this contaminated soils were 18, 48, 38 and 91 mg kg(-1) dw, respectively, and represent a risk factor for the consumers. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrates the utility of DGT technique for the assessment of Pb bioavailability, since, generally, better correlations are obtained between the effective Pb concentration and Pb concentration in vegetables than for bioavailable Pb determined by chemical extractions and Pb concentration in vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Senila
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, ICIA, 67 Donath, 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Elisa M, Sava BA, Vasiliu IC, Monteiro RCC, Iordanescu CR, Feraru ID, Ghervase L, Tanaselia C, Senila M, Abraham B. Investigations on optical, structural and thermal properties of phosphate glasses containing terbium ions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1088/1757-899x/47/1/012025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Frentiu T, Mihaltan AI, Senila M, Darvasi E, Ponta M, Frentiu M, Pintican BP. New method for mercury determination in microwave digested soil samples based on cold vapor capacitively coupled plasma microtorch optical emission spectrometry: Comparison with atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Senila L, Roman M, Miclean M, Levei E, Senila M. Green methods for production of bioethanol from waste wood by autohydrolysis and fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.05.446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Senila M, Levei EA, Senila LR. Assessment of metals bioavailability to vegetables under field conditions using DGT, single extractions and multivariate statistics. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:119. [PMID: 23079133 PMCID: PMC3537652 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The metals bioavailability in soils is commonly assessed by chemical extractions; however a generally accepted method is not yet established. In this study, the effectiveness of Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) technique and single extractions in the assessment of metals bioaccumulation in vegetables, and the influence of soil parameters on phytoavailability were evaluated using multivariate statistics. Soil and plants grown in vegetable gardens from mining-affected rural areas, NW Romania, were collected and analysed. Results Pseudo-total metal content of Cu, Zn and Cd in soil ranged between 17.3-146 mg kg-1, 141–833 mg kg-1 and 0.15-2.05 mg kg-1, respectively, showing enriched contents of these elements. High degrees of metals extractability in 1M HCl and even in 1M NH4Cl were observed. Despite the relatively high total metal concentrations in soil, those found in vegetables were comparable to values typically reported for agricultural crops, probably due to the low concentrations of metals in soil solution (Csoln) and low effective concentrations (CE), assessed by DGT technique. Among the analysed vegetables, the highest metal concentrations were found in carrots roots. By applying multivariate statistics, it was found that CE, Csoln and extraction in 1M NH4Cl, were better predictors for metals bioavailability than the acid extractions applied in this study. Copper transfer to vegetables was strongly influenced by soil organic carbon (OC) and cation exchange capacity (CEC), while pH had a higher influence on Cd transfer from soil to plants. Conclusions The results showed that DGT can be used for general evaluation of the risks associated to soil contamination with Cu, Zn and Cd in field conditions. Although quantitative information on metals transfer from soil to vegetables was not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marin Senila
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, ICIA, 67 Donath, 400293, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Sima M, Dold B, Frei L, Senila M, Balteanu D, Zobrist J. Sulfide oxidation and acid mine drainage formation within two active tailings impoundments in the Golden Quadrangle of the Apuseni Mountains, Romania. J Hazard Mater 2011; 189:624-639. [PMID: 21316846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2010] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Sulfidic mine tailings have to be classified as one of the major source of hazardous materials leading to water contamination. This study highlights the processes leading to sulfide oxidation and acid mine drainage (AMD) formation in the active stage of two tailings impoundments located in the southern part of the Apuseni Mountains, in Romania, a well-known region for its long-term gold-silver and metal mining activity. Sampling was undertaken when both impoundments were still in operation in order to assess their actual stage of oxidation and long-term behavior in terms of the potential for acid mine drainage generation. Both tailings have high potential for AMD formation (2.5 and 3.7 wt.% of pyrite equivalent, respectively) with lesser amount of carbonates (5.6 and 3.6 wt.% of calcite equivalent) as neutralization potential (ABA=-55.6 and -85.1 tCaCO(3)/1000 t ) and showed clear signs of sulfide oxidation yet during operation. Sequential extraction results indicate a stronger enrichment and mobility of elements in the oxidized tailings: Fe as Fe(III) oxy-hydroxides and oxides (transformation from sulfide minerals, leaching in oxidation zone), Ca mainly in water soluble and exchangeable form where gypsum and calcite are dissolved and higher mobility of Cu for Ribita and Pb for Mialu. Two processes leading to the formation of mine drainage at this stage could be highlighted (1) a neutral Fe(II) plume forming in the impoundment with ferrihydrite precipitation at its outcrop and (2) acid mine drainage seeping in the unsaturated zone of the active dam, leading to the formation of schwertmannite at its outcrop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihaela Sima
- Romanian Academy, Institute of Geography, 12 Dimitrie Racovita St., Sector 2, Bucharest 023993, Romania.
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Frentiu T, Petreus D, Senila M, Mihaltan AI, Darvasi E, Ponta M, Plaian E, Cordos EA. Low power capacitively coupled plasma microtorch for simultaneous multielemental determination by atomic emission using microspectrometers. Microchem J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zobrist J, Sima M, Dogaru D, Senila M, Yang H, Popescu C, Roman C, Bela A, Frei L, Dold B, Balteanu D. Environmental and socioeconomic assessment of impacts by mining activities-a case study in the Certej River catchment, Western Carpathians, Romania. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2009; 16 Suppl 1:S14-S26. [PMID: 19159960 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-008-0068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND, AIM AND SCOPE In the region of the Apuseni Mountains, part of the Western Carpathians in Romania, metal mining activities have a long-standing tradition. These mining industries created a clearly beneficial economic development in the region. But their activities also caused impairments to the environment, such as acid mine drainage (AMD) resulting in long-lasting heavy metal pollution of waters and sediments. The study, established in the context of the ESTROM programme, investigated the impact of metal mining activities both from environmental and socioeconomic perspectives and tried to incorporate the results of the two approaches into an integrated proposition for mitigation of mining-related issues. STUDY SITE The small Certej catchment, situated in the Southern Apuseni Mountains, covers an area of 78 km(2). About 4,500 inhabitants are living in the basin, in which metal mining was the main economic sector. An open pit and several abandoned underground mines are producing heavy metal-loaded acidic water that is discharged untreated into the main river. The solid wastes of mineral processing plants were deposited in several dumps and tailings impoundment embodying the acidic water-producing mineral pyrite. METHODS The natural science team collected samples from surface waters, drinking water from dug wells and from groundwater. Filtered and total heavy metals, both after enrichment, and major cations were analysed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). Major anions in waters, measured by ion chromatography, alkalinity and acidity were determined by titration. Solid samples were taken from river sediments and from the largest tailings dam. The latter were characterised by X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction. Heavy metals in sediments were analysed after digestion. Simultaneously, the socioeconomic team performed a household survey to evaluate the perception of people related to the river and drinking water pollution by way of a logistic regression analysis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The inputs of acid mine waters drastically increased filtered heavy metal concentrations in the Certej River, e.g. Zn up to 130 mg L(-1), Fe 100 mg L(-1), Cu 2.9 mg L(-1), Cd 1.4 mg L(-1) as well as those of SO(4) up to 2.2 g L(-1). In addition, river water became acidic with pH values of pH 3. Concentrations of pollutant decreased slightly downstream due to dilution by waters from tributaries. Metal concentrations measured at headwater stations reflect background values. They fell in the range of the environmental quality standards proposed in the EU Water Framework Directive for dissolved heavy metals. The outflow of the large tailing impoundment and the groundwater downstream from two tailings dams exhibited the first sign of AMD, but they still had alkalinity. Most dug wells analysed delivered a drinking water that exhibited no sign of AMD pollution, although these wells were a distance of 7 to 25 m from the contaminated river. It seems that the Certej River does not infiltrate significantly into the groundwater. Pyrite was identified as the main sulphide mineral in the tailings dam that produces acidity and with calcite representing the AMD-neutralising mineral. The acid-base accounting proved that the potential acid-neutralising capacity in the solid phases would not be sufficient to prevent the production of acidic water in the future. Therefore, the open pits and mine waste deposits have to be seen as the sources for AMD at the present time, with a high long-term potential to produce even more AMD in the future. The socioeconomic study showed that mining provided the major source of income. Over 45% of the households were partly or completely reliant on financial compensations as a result of mine closure. Unemployment was considered by the majority of the interviewed persons as the main cause of social problems in the area. The estimation of the explanatory factors by the logistic regression analysis revealed that education, household income, pollution conditions during the last years and familiarity with environmental problems were the main predictors influencing peoples' opinion concerning whether the main river is strongly polluted. This model enabled one to predict correctly 77% of the observations reported. For the drinking water quality model, three predictors were relevant and they explained 66% of the observations. CONCLUSIONS Coupling the findings from the natural science and socioeconomic approaches, we may conclude that the impact of mining on the Certej River water is high, while drinking water in wells is not significantly affected. The perceptions of the respondents to pollution were to a large extent consistent with the measured results. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES The results of the study can be used by various stakeholders, mainly the mining company and local municipalities, in order to integrate them in their post-mining measures, thereby making them aware of the potential long-term impact of mining on the environment and on human health as well as on the local economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürg Zobrist
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Sciences and Technology (Eawag), Dübendorf, Switzerland.
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