1
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Skyttä A, Gao J, Cai R, Ehn M, Ahonen LR, Kurten T, Wang Z, Rissanen MP, Kangasluoma J. Isomer-Resolved Mobility-Mass Analysis of α-Pinene Ozonolysis Products. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:5040-5049. [PMID: 35862553 PMCID: PMC9358649 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c03366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) are important sources of atmospheric aerosols. Resolving the molecular-level formation mechanisms of these HOMs from freshly emitted hydrocarbons improves the understanding of aerosol properties and their influence on the climate. In this study, we measure the electrical mobility and mass-to-charge ratio of α-pinene oxidation products using a secondary electrospray-differential mobility analyzer-mass spectrometer (SESI-DMA-MS). The mass-mobility spectrum of the oxidation products is measured with seven different reagent ions generated by the electrospray. We analyzed the mobility-mass spectra of the oxidation products C9-10H14-18O2-6. Our results show that acetate and chloride yield the highest charging efficiencies. Analysis of the mobility spectra suggests that the clusters have 1-5 isomeric structures (i.e., ion-molecule cluster structures with distinct mobilities), and the number is affected by the reagent ion. Most of the isomers are likely cluster isomers originating from binding of the reagent ion to different sites of the molecule. By comparing the number of observed isomers and measured mobilities and collision cross sections between standard pinanediol and pinonic acid to the values observed for C10H18O2 and C10H16O3 produced from oxidation of α-pinene, we confirm that pinanediol and pinonic acid are the only isomers for these elemental compositions in our experimental conditions. Our study shows that the SESI-DMA-MS produces new information from the first steps of oxidation of α-pinene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurora Skyttä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jian Gao
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Runlong Cai
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri R Ahonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Theo Kurten
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zhibin Wang
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Matti P Rissanen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Juha Kangasluoma
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Karsa Ltd., A. I. Virtasen aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
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2
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Chen D, Xavier C, Clusius P, Nieminen T, Roldin P, Qi X, Pichelstorfer L, Kulmala M, Rantala P, Aalto J, Sarnela N, Kolari P, Keronen P, Rissanen MP, Taipale D, Foreback B, Baykara M, Zhou P, Boy M. A modelling study of OH, NO 3 and H 2SO 4 in 2007-2018 at SMEAR II, Finland: analysis of long-term trends. Environ Sci Atmos 2021; 1:449-472. [PMID: 34604756 PMCID: PMC8459646 DOI: 10.1039/d1ea00020a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Major atmospheric oxidants (OH, O3 and NO3) dominate the atmospheric oxidation capacity, while H2SO4 is considered as a main driver for new particle formation. Although numerous studies have investigated the long-term trend of ozone in Europe, the trends of OH, NO3 and H2SO4 at specific sites are to a large extent unknown. The one-dimensional model SOSAA has been applied in several studies at the SMEAR II station and has been validated by measurements in several projects. Here, we applied the SOSAA model for the years 2007-2018 to simulate the atmospheric chemical components, especially the atmospheric oxidants OH and NO3, as well as H2SO4 at SMEAR II. The simulations were evaluated with observations from several shorter and longer campaigns at SMEAR II. Our results show that daily OH increased by 2.39% per year and NO3 decreased by 3.41% per year, with different trends of these oxidants during day and night. On the contrary, daytime sulfuric acid concentrations decreased by 2.78% per year, which correlated with the observed decreasing concentration of newly formed particles in the size range of 3-25 nm with 1.4% per year at SMEAR II during the years 1997-2012. Additionally, we compared our simulated OH, NO3 and H2SO4 concentrations with proxies, which are commonly applied in case a limited number of parameters are measured and no detailed model simulations are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean Chen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Carlton Xavier
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Petri Clusius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Tuomo Nieminen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland .,Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Pontus Roldin
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics, Lund University P.O. Box 118 SE-22100 Lund Sweden
| | - Ximeng Qi
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Lukas Pichelstorfer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland .,Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 China
| | - Pekka Rantala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Juho Aalto
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Nina Sarnela
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Pasi Kolari
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Petri Keronen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Matti P Rissanen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University Tampere Finland
| | - Ditte Taipale
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Benjamin Foreback
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Metin Baykara
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland .,Climate and Marine Sciences Department, Eurasia Institute of Earth Sciences, Istanbul Technical University Maslak 34469 Istanbul Turkey
| | - Putian Zhou
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Michael Boy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, University of Helsinki P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
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3
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Hyttinen N, Wolf M, Rissanen MP, Ehn M, Peräkylä O, Kurtén T, Prisle NL. Gas-to-Particle Partitioning of Cyclohexene- and α-Pinene-Derived Highly Oxygenated Dimers Evaluated Using COSMO therm. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3726-3738. [PMID: 33885310 PMCID: PMC8154597 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c11328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Oxidized
organic compounds are expected to contribute to secondary
organic aerosol (SOA) if they have sufficiently low volatilities.
We estimated saturation vapor pressures and activity coefficients
(at infinite dilution in water and a model water-insoluble organic
phase) of cyclohexene- and α-pinene-derived accretion products,
“dimers”, using the COSMOtherm19 program.
We found that these two property estimates correlate with the number
of hydrogen bond-donating functional groups and oxygen atoms in the
compound. In contrast, when the number of H-bond donors is fixed,
no clear differences are seen either between functional group types
(e.g., OH or OOH as H-bond donors) or the formation mechanisms (e.g.,
gas-phase radical recombination vs liquid-phase closed-shell esterification).
For the cyclohexene-derived dimers studied here, COSMOtherm19 predicts lower vapor pressures than the SIMPOL.1 group-contribution
method in contrast to previous COSMOtherm estimates
using older parameterizations and nonsystematic conformer sampling.
The studied dimers can be classified as low, extremely low, or ultra-low-volatility
organic compounds based on their estimated saturation mass concentrations.
In the presence of aqueous and organic aerosol particles, all of the
studied dimers are likely to partition into the particle phase and
thereby contribute to SOA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Hyttinen
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Matthieu Wolf
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti P Rissanen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otso Peräkylä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR)/Physics, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nønne L Prisle
- Nano and Molecular Systems Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland.,Center for Atmospheric Research, University of Oulu, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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4
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Wang Z, Ehn M, Rissanen MP, Garmash O, Quéléver L, Xing L, Monge-Palacios M, Rantala P, Donahue NM, Berndt T, Sarathy SM. Efficient alkane oxidation under combustion engine and atmospheric conditions. Commun Chem 2021; 4:18. [PMID: 36697513 PMCID: PMC9814728 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-020-00445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidation chemistry controls both combustion processes and the atmospheric transformation of volatile emissions. In combustion engines, radical species undergo isomerization reactions that allow fast addition of O2. This chain reaction, termed autoxidation, is enabled by high engine temperatures, but has recently been also identified as an important source for highly oxygenated species in the atmosphere, forming organic aerosol. Conventional knowledge suggests that atmospheric autoxidation requires suitable structural features, like double bonds or oxygen-containing moieties, in the precursors. With neither of these functionalities, alkanes, the primary fuel type in combustion engines and an important class of urban trace gases, are thought to have minor susceptibility to extensive autoxidation. Here, utilizing state-of-the-art mass spectrometry, measuring both radicals and oxidation products, we show that alkanes undergo autoxidation much more efficiently than previously thought, both under atmospheric and combustion conditions. Even at high concentrations of NOX, which typically rapidly terminates autoxidation in urban areas, the studied C6-C10 alkanes produce considerable amounts of highly oxygenated products that can contribute to urban organic aerosol. The results of this inter-disciplinary effort provide crucial information on oxidation processes in both combustion engines and the atmosphere, with direct implications for engine efficiency and urban air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhandong Wang
- grid.59053.3a0000000121679639National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230029 P. R. China ,grid.59053.3a0000000121679639State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 PR China ,grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Clean Combustion Research Center (CCRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mikael Ehn
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Finland
| | - Matti P. Rissanen
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Finland ,grid.502801.e0000 0001 2314 6254Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, 33720 Tampere, Finland
| | - Olga Garmash
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Finland
| | - Lauriane Quéléver
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Finland
| | - Lili Xing
- grid.453074.10000 0000 9797 0900Energy and Power Engineering Institute, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan 471003 China
| | - Manuel Monge-Palacios
- grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Clean Combustion Research Center (CCRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
| | - Pekka Rantala
- grid.7737.40000 0004 0410 2071Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, 00014 Finland
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- grid.147455.60000 0001 2097 0344Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, and Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA
| | - Torsten Berndt
- grid.424885.70000 0000 8720 1454Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research (TROPOS), Atmospheric Chemistry Dept. (ACD), 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - S. Mani Sarathy
- grid.45672.320000 0001 1926 5090King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Clean Combustion Research Center (CCRC), Thuwal, 23955-6900 Saudi Arabia
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5
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Iyer S, Rissanen MP, Valiev R, Barua S, Krechmer JE, Thornton J, Ehn M, Kurtén T. Molecular mechanism for rapid autoxidation in α-pinene ozonolysis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:878. [PMID: 33563997 PMCID: PMC7873275 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21172-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aerosol affects Earth’s climate and the health of its inhabitants. A major contributor to aerosol formation is the oxidation of volatile organic compounds. Monoterpenes are an important class of volatile organic compounds, and recent research demonstrate that they can be converted to low-volatility aerosol precursors on sub-second timescales following a single oxidant attack. The α-pinene + O3 system is particularly efficient in this regard. However, the actual mechanism behind this conversion is not understood. The key challenge is the steric strain created by the cyclobutyl ring in the oxidation products. This strain hinders subsequent unimolecular hydrogen-shift reactions essential for lowering volatility. Using quantum chemical calculations and targeted experiments, we show that the excess energy from the initial ozonolysis reaction can lead to novel oxidation intermediates without steric strain, allowing the rapid formation of products with up to 8 oxygen atoms. This is likely a key route for atmospheric organic aerosol formation. Oxidation of volatile organic compounds leads to aerosol formation in the atmosphere, but the mechanism of some fast reactions is still unclear. The authors, using quantum chemical modelling and experiments, reveal that in key monoterpenes the cyclobutyl ring that would hinder the reactivity is broken in the early exothermic steps of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Iyer
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, Tampere, FI-33101, Finland.
| | - Matti P Rissanen
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, Tampere, FI-33101, Finland.
| | - Rashid Valiev
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.,Tomsk State University, 36 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk, 634050, Russia
| | - Shawon Barua
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Tampere University, Tampere, FI-33101, Finland
| | | | - Joel Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Science, University of Washington Seattle, Washington, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR/Physics), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland.
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6
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Yao L, Fan X, Yan C, Kurtén T, Daellenbach KR, Li C, Wang Y, Guo Y, Dada L, Rissanen MP, Cai J, Tham YJ, Zha Q, Zhang S, Du W, Yu M, Zheng F, Zhou Y, Kontkanen J, Chan T, Shen J, Kujansuu JT, Kangasluoma J, Jiang J, Wang L, Worsnop DR, Petäjä T, Kerminen VM, Liu Y, Chu B, He H, Kulmala M, Bianchi F. Unprecedented Ambient Sulfur Trioxide (SO 3) Detection: Possible Formation Mechanism and Atmospheric Implications. Environ Sci Technol Lett 2020; 7:809-818. [PMID: 33195731 PMCID: PMC7659313 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.0c00615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Sulfur trioxide (SO3) is a crucial compound for atmospheric sulfuric acid (H2SO4) formation, acid rain formation, and other atmospheric physicochemical processes. During the daytime, SO3 is mainly produced from the photo-oxidation of SO2 by OH radicals. However, the sources of SO3 during the early morning and night, when OH radicals are scarce, are not fully understood. We report results from two field measurements in urban Beijing during winter and summer 2019, using a nitrate-CI-APi-LTOF (chemical ionization-atmospheric pressure interface-long-time-of-flight) mass spectrometer to detect atmospheric SO3 and H2SO4. Our results show the level of SO3 was higher during the winter than during the summer, with high SO3 levels observed especially during the early morning (∼05:00 to ∼08:30) and night (∼18:00 to ∼05:00 the next day). On the basis of analysis of SO2, NO x , black carbon, traffic flow, and atmospheric ions, we suggest SO3 could be formed from the catalytic oxidation of SO2 on the surface of traffic-related black carbon. This previously unidentified SO3 source results in significant H2SO4 formation in the early morning and thus promotes sub-2.5 nm particle formation. These findings will help in understanding urban SO3 and formulating policies to mitigate secondary particle formation in Chinese megacities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yao
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, China
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Xiaolong Fan
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Chao Yan
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Kaspar R. Daellenbach
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Chang Li
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Yonghong Wang
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Yishuo Guo
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Lubna Dada
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Matti P. Rissanen
- Aerosol
Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere
University, Tampere 33100, Finland
| | - Jing Cai
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Yee Jun Tham
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Qiaozhi Zha
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Shaojun Zhang
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control,
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control
of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wei Du
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Miao Yu
- Institute
of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological
Administration, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Feixue Zheng
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Jenni Kontkanen
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Tommy Chan
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Jiali Shen
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Joni T. Kujansuu
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, China
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Juha Kangasluoma
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, China
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Jingkun Jiang
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control,
State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control
of Air Pollution Complex, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | | | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kerminen
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00560, Finland
| | - Yongchun Liu
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, China
| | - Biwu Chu
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00560, Finland
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control,
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center
for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban
Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Hong He
- State
Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control,
Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- Center
for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban
Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, China
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00560, Finland
- Joint
International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System
Sciences (JirLATEST), Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Aerosol
and Haze Laboratory, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter
Science and Engineering, Beijing University
of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100089, China
- Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00560, Finland
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7
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Iyer S, Rissanen MP, Kurtén T. Reaction between Peroxy and Alkoxy Radicals Can Form Stable Adducts. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:2051-2057. [PMID: 30958011 PMCID: PMC6727596 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b00405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Peroxy (RO2) and alkoxy (RO) radicals are prototypical intermediates in any hydrocarbon oxidation. In this work, we use computational methods to (1) study the mechanism and kinetics of the RO2 + OH reaction for previously unexplored "R" structures (R = CH(O)CH2 and R = CH3C(O)) and (2) investigate a hitherto unaccounted channel of molecular growth, R'O2 + RO. On the singlet surface, these reactions rapidly form ROOOH and R'OOOR adducts, respectively. The former decomposes to RO + HO2 and R(O)OH + O2 products, while the main decomposition channel for the latter is back to the reactant radicals. Decomposition rates of R'OOOR adducts varied between 103 and 0.015 s-1 at 298 K and 1 atm. The most long-lived R'OOOR adducts likely account for some fraction of the elemental compositions detected in the atmosphere that are commonly assigned to stable covalently bound dimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Iyer
- Department of Chemistry and Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti P. Rissanen
- Aerosol
Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere
University, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
- Department
of Physics and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research
(INAR), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry and Institute
for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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8
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Bianchi F, Kurtén T, Riva M, Mohr C, Rissanen MP, Roldin P, Berndt T, Crounse JD, Wennberg PO, Mentel TF, Wildt J, Junninen H, Jokinen T, Kulmala M, Worsnop DR, Thornton JA, Donahue N, Kjaergaard HG, Ehn M. Highly Oxygenated Organic Molecules (HOM) from Gas-Phase Autoxidation Involving Peroxy Radicals: A Key Contributor to Atmospheric Aerosol. Chem Rev 2019; 119:3472-3509. [PMID: 30799608 PMCID: PMC6439441 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
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Highly
oxygenated organic molecules (HOM) are formed in the atmosphere
via autoxidation involving peroxy radicals arising from volatile organic
compounds (VOC). HOM condense on pre-existing particles and can be
involved in new particle formation. HOM thus contribute to the formation
of secondary organic aerosol (SOA), a significant and ubiquitous component
of atmospheric aerosol known to affect the Earth’s radiation
balance. HOM were discovered only very recently, but the interest
in these compounds has grown rapidly. In this Review, we define HOM
and describe the currently available techniques for their identification/quantification,
followed by a summary of the current knowledge on their formation
mechanisms and physicochemical properties. A main aim is to provide
a common frame for the currently quite fragmented literature on HOM
studies. Finally, we highlight the existing gaps in our understanding
and suggest directions for future HOM research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland.,Aerosol and Haze Laboratory , University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , P.R. China
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland
| | - Matthieu Riva
- IRCELYON, CNRS University of Lyon , Villeurbanne 69626 , France
| | - Claudia Mohr
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry , Stockholm University , Stockholm 11418 , Sweden
| | - Matti P Rissanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland
| | - Pontus Roldin
- Division of Nuclear Physics, Department of Physics , Lund University , Lund 22100 , Sweden
| | - Torsten Berndt
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research , Leipzig 04318 , Germany
| | - John D Crounse
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Paul O Wennberg
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences , California Institute of Technology , Pasadena , California 91125 , United States
| | - Thomas F Mentel
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung, IEK-8 , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich 52425 , Germany
| | - Jürgen Wildt
- Institut für Energie und Klimaforschung, IEK-8 , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich 52425 , Germany
| | - Heikki Junninen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland.,Institute of Physics , University of Tartu , Tartu 50090 , Estonia
| | - Tuija Jokinen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland.,Aerosol and Haze Laboratory , University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , P.R. China
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland.,Aerodyne Research Inc. , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Joel A Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences , University of Washington , Seattle , Washington 98195 , United States
| | - Neil Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies , Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh , Pennsylvania 15213 , United States
| | - Henrik G Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry , University of Cøpenhagen , Cøpenhagen 2100 , Denmark
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research, Faculty of Science , University of Helsinki , Helsinki 00014 , Finland
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9
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Passananti M, Zapadinsky E, Zanca T, Kangasluoma J, Myllys N, Rissanen MP, Kurtén T, Ehn M, Attoui M, Vehkamäki H. How well can we predict cluster fragmentation inside a mass spectrometer? Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5946-5949. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc02896j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We measured the fragmentation of clusters inside an MS and we developed a model to describe and predict their fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Passananti
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Evgeni Zapadinsky
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Tommaso Zanca
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Juha Kangasluoma
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory
| | - Nanna Myllys
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Matti P. Rissanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
| | | | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics
- Faculty of Science
- University of Helsinki
- Finland
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10
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Iyer S, Reiman H, Møller KH, Rissanen MP, Kjaergaard HG, Kurtén T. Computational Investigation of RO 2 + HO 2 and RO 2 + RO 2 Reactions of Monoterpene Derived First-Generation Peroxy Radicals Leading to Radical Recycling. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9542-9552. [PMID: 30449100 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of biogenically emitted volatile organic compounds (BVOC) plays an important role in the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the atmosphere. Peroxy radicals (RO2) are central intermediates in the BVOC oxidation process. Under clean (low-NO x) conditions, the main bimolecular sink reactions for RO2 are with the hydroperoxy radical (HO2) and with other RO2 radicals. Especially for small RO2, the RO2 + HO2 reaction mainly leads to closed-shell hydroperoxide products. However, there exist other known RO2 + HO2 and RO2 + RO2 reaction channels that can recycle radicals and oxidants in the atmosphere, potentially leading to lower-volatility products and enhancing SOA formation. In this work, we present a thermodynamic overview of two such reactions: (a) RO2 + HO2 → RO + OH + O2 and (b) R'O2 + RO2 → R'O + RO + O2 for selected monoterpene + oxidant derived peroxy radicals. The monoterpenes considered are α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, trans-β-ocimene, and Δ3-carene. The oxidants considered are the hydroxyl radical (OH), the nitrate radical (NO3), and ozone (O3). The reaction Gibbs energies were calculated at the DLPNO-CCSD(T)/def2-QZVPP//ωB97X-D/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory. All reactions studied here were found to be exergonic in terms of Gibbs energy. On the basis of a comparison with previous mechanistic studies, we predict that reaction a and reaction b are likely to be most important for first-generation peroxy radicals from O3 oxidation (especially for β-pinene), while being less so for most first-generation peroxy radicals from OH and NO3 oxidation. This is because both reactions are comparatively more exergonic for the O3 oxidized systems than their OH and NO3 oxidized counterparts. Our results indicate that bimolecular reactions of certain complex RO2 may contribute to an increase in radical and oxidant recycling under high HO2 conditions in the atmosphere, which can potentially enhance SOA formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Iyer
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Heidi Reiman
- Department of Chemistry , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Kristian H Møller
- Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - Matti P Rissanen
- Department of Physics and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 , Helsinki , Finland
| | - Henrik G Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø , Denmark
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR) , University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 , Helsinki , Finland
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11
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Lehtipalo K, Yan C, Dada L, Bianchi F, Xiao M, Wagner R, Stolzenburg D, Ahonen LR, Amorim A, Baccarini A, Bauer PS, Baumgartner B, Bergen A, Bernhammer AK, Breitenlechner M, Brilke S, Buchholz A, Mazon SB, Chen D, Chen X, Dias A, Dommen J, Draper DC, Duplissy J, Ehn M, Finkenzeller H, Fischer L, Frege C, Fuchs C, Garmash O, Gordon H, Hakala J, He X, Heikkinen L, Heinritzi M, Helm JC, Hofbauer V, Hoyle CR, Jokinen T, Kangasluoma J, Kerminen VM, Kim C, Kirkby J, Kontkanen J, Kürten A, Lawler MJ, Mai H, Mathot S, Mauldin RL, Molteni U, Nichman L, Nie W, Nieminen T, Ojdanic A, Onnela A, Passananti M, Petäjä T, Piel F, Pospisilova V, Quéléver LLJ, Rissanen MP, Rose C, Sarnela N, Schallhart S, Schuchmann S, Sengupta K, Simon M, Sipilä M, Tauber C, Tomé A, Tröstl J, Väisänen O, Vogel AL, Volkamer R, Wagner AC, Wang M, Weitz L, Wimmer D, Ye P, Ylisirniö A, Zha Q, Carslaw KS, Curtius J, Donahue NM, Flagan RC, Hansel A, Riipinen I, Virtanen A, Winkler PM, Baltensperger U, Kulmala M, Worsnop DR. Multicomponent new particle formation from sulfuric acid, ammonia, and biogenic vapors. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaau5363. [PMID: 30547087 PMCID: PMC6291317 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aau5363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A major fraction of atmospheric aerosol particles, which affect both air quality and climate, form from gaseous precursors in the atmosphere. Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs), formed by oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds, are known to participate in particle formation and growth. However, it is not well understood how they interact with atmospheric pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NO x ) and sulfur oxides (SO x ) from fossil fuel combustion, as well as ammonia (NH3) from livestock and fertilizers. Here, we show how NO x suppresses particle formation, while HOMs, sulfuric acid, and NH3 have a synergistic enhancing effect on particle formation. We postulate a novel mechanism, involving HOMs, sulfuric acid, and ammonia, which is able to closely reproduce observations of particle formation and growth in daytime boreal forest and similar environments. The findings elucidate the complex interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic vapors in the atmospheric aerosol system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Erik Palménin aukio 1, 00560 Helsinki, Finland
- Corresponding author. (K.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Chao Yan
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lubna Dada
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mao Xiao
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Robert Wagner
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dominik Stolzenburg
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Lauri R. Ahonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antonio Amorim
- CENTRA and FCUL, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andrea Baccarini
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Paulus S. Bauer
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | | | - Anton Bergen
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Anne-Kathrin Bernhammer
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Ionicon GesmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Breitenlechner
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sophia Brilke
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Angela Buchholz
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Stephany Buenrostro Mazon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Dexian Chen
- Carnegie Mellon University Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Xuemeng Chen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Antonio Dias
- CENTRA and FCUL, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Danielle C. Draper
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henning Finkenzeller
- Department of Chemistry and CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Lukas Fischer
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carla Frege
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Fuchs
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Olga Garmash
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Jani Hakala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Xucheng He
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liine Heikkinen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Martin Heinritzi
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johanna C. Helm
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Victoria Hofbauer
- Carnegie Mellon University Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Christopher R. Hoyle
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Tuija Jokinen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kangasluoma
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Veli-Matti Kerminen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Changhyuk Kim
- California Institute of Technology, 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jenni Kontkanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Kürten
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael J. Lawler
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Huajun Mai
- California Institute of Technology, 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | | | - Roy L. Mauldin
- Carnegie Mellon University Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Department of Chemistry and CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Ugo Molteni
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Leonid Nichman
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Wei Nie
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tuomo Nieminen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Andrea Ojdanic
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | | | - Monica Passananti
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Felix Piel
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Ionicon GesmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Veronika Pospisilova
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Lauriane L. J. Quéléver
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti P. Rissanen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Clémence Rose
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Sarnela
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simon Schallhart
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Mario Simon
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mikko Sipilä
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christian Tauber
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - António Tomé
- IDL, Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Jasmin Tröstl
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Olli Väisänen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Alexander L. Vogel
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Volkamer
- Department of Chemistry and CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA
| | - Andrea C. Wagner
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Mingyi Wang
- Carnegie Mellon University Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Lena Weitz
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniela Wimmer
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Penglin Ye
- Carnegie Mellon University Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
- Aerodyne Research Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Arttu Ylisirniö
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Qiaozhi Zha
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Joachim Curtius
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Carnegie Mellon University Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | | | - Armin Hansel
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- University of Innsbruck, Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Ionicon GesmbH, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) and Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
- Aerosol Physics, Faculty of Science, Tampere University of Technology, P.O. Box 692, 33101, Tampere, Finland
| | - Annele Virtanen
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Paul M. Winkler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerosol and Haze Laboratory, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, China
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Corresponding author. (K.L.); (M.K.)
| | - Douglas R. Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Aerodyne Research Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, MA 01821, USA
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12
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Rissanen MP. NO 2 Suppression of Autoxidation-Inhibition of Gas-Phase Highly Oxidized Dimer Product Formation. ACS Earth Space Chem 2018; 2:1211-1219. [PMID: 30488044 PMCID: PMC6251564 DOI: 10.1021/acsearthspacechem.8b00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric autoxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOC) leads to prompt formation of highly oxidized multifunctional compounds (HOM) that have been found crucial in forming ambient secondary organic aerosol (SOA). As a radical chain reaction mediated by oxidized peroxy (RO2) and alkoxy (RO) radical intermediates, the formation pathways can be intercepted by suitable reaction partners, preventing the production of the highest oxidized reaction products, and thus the formation of the most condensable material. Commonly, NO is expected to have a detrimental effect on RO2 chemistry, and thus on autoxidation, whereas the influence of NO2 is mostly neglected. Here it is shown by dedicated flow tube experiments, how high concentration of NO2 suppresses cyclohexene ozonolysis initiated autoxidation chain reaction. Importantly, the addition of NO2 ceases covalently bound dimer production, indicating their production involving acylperoxy radical (RC(O)OO•) intermediates. In related experiments NO was also shown to strongly suppress the highly oxidized product formation, but due to possibility for chain propagating reactions (as with RO2 and HO2 too), the suppression is not as absolute as with NO2. Furthermore, it is shown how NO x reactions with oxidized peroxy radicals lead into indistinguishable product compositions, complicating mass spectral assignments in any RO2 + NO x system. The present work was conducted with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) as the detection method for the highly oxidized end-products and peroxy radical intermediates, under ambient conditions and at short few second reaction times. Specifically, the insight was gained by addition of a large amount of NO2 (and NO) to the oxidation system, upon which acylperoxy radicals reacted in RC(O)O2 + NO2 → RC(O)O2NO2 reaction to form peroxyacylnitrates, consequently shutting down the oxidation sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti P. Rissanen
- Institute for Atmospheric
and Earth System Research (INAR), University
of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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13
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Monge-Palacios M, Rissanen MP, Wang Z, Sarathy SM. Theoretical kinetic study of the formic acid catalyzed Criegee intermediate isomerization: multistructural anharmonicity and atmospheric implications. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:10806-10814. [PMID: 29411814 DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08538a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We performed a theoretical study on the double hydrogen shift isomerization reaction of a six carbon atom Criegee intermediate (C6-CI), catalyzed by formic acid (HCOOH), to produce vinylhydroperoxide (VHP), C6-CI + HCOOH → VHP + HCOOH. This Criegee intermediate can serve as a surrogate for larger CIs derived from important volatile organic compounds like monoterpenes, whose reactivity is not well understood and which are difficult to handle computationally. The reactant HCOOH exerts a pronounced catalytic effect on the studied reaction by lowering the barrier height, but the kinetic enhancement is hindered by the multistructural anharmonicity. First, the rigid ring-structure adopted by the saddle point to facilitate simultaneous transfer of two atoms does not allow the formation of as many conformers as those formed by the reactant C6-CI. And second, the flexible carbon chain of C6-CI facilitates the formation of stabilizing intramolecular C-HO hydrogen bonds; this stabilizing effect is less pronounced in the saddle point structure due to its tightness and steric effects. Thus, the contribution of the reactant C6-CI conformers to the multistructural partition function is larger than that of the saddle point conformers. The resulting low multistructural anharmonicity factor partially cancels out the catalytic effect of the carboxylic acid, yielding in a moderately large rate coefficient, k(298 K) = 4.9 × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1. We show that carboxylic acids may promote the conversion of stabilized Criegee intermediates into vinylhydroperoxides in the atmosphere, which generates OH radicals and leads to secondary organic aerosols, thereby affecting the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere and ultimately the climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Monge-Palacios
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Clean Combustion Research Center, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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14
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Hyttinen N, Otkjær RV, Iyer S, Kjaergaard HG, Rissanen MP, Wennberg PO, Kurtén T. Computational Comparison of Different Reagent Ions in the Chemical Ionization of Oxidized Multifunctional Compounds. J Phys Chem A 2017; 122:269-279. [PMID: 29200296 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b10015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
High pressure anion chemical ionization is commonly used for the detection of neutral molecules in the gas phase. The detection efficiency in these measurements depends on how strongly the reagent ion binds to the neutral target molecule. We have calculated the binding strength of nitrate (NO3-), acetate (CH3C(O)O-), lactate (CH3CH(OH)C(O)O-), trifluoroacetate (CF3C(O)O-), trifluoromethanolate (CF3O-), bromide (Br-), and iodide (I-) reagent ions to ten different products derived from the OH radical-initiated oxidation of butadiene. We found that the binding of these oxidation products to the reagent ions depends almost linearly on the number of oxygen atoms in the target molecule, with the precise chemical identity of the compound (e.g., the number and relative position of hydroxyl or hydroperoxy groups) playing a more minor role. For acetate, the formation free energy decreases on average by around 4 kcal/mol when the number of oxygen atoms in the sample molecule increases by one. For the other reagent ions the corresponding decrease is around 3 kcal/mol. For all of the molecules studied, acetate forms the most stable clusters and I- the least stable. We also investigated the effect of humidity on the chemical ionization by calculating how strongly water molecules bind to both the reagent ions and the ion-molecule clusters. Water binds much more strongly to the reagent ion monomers compared to the reagent ion "dimers" (defined here as a cluster of the reagent anion with the corresponding neutral conjugate acid, e.g., HNO3(NO3-)) or the ion-molecule clusters. This likely leads to a stronger humidity dependence when using reagent ions that are not able to form reagent ion dimers (such as CF3C(O)O-, CF3O-, Br-, and I-).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Hyttinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Rasmus V Otkjær
- Department of Chemistry, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Siddharth Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrik G Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, DK-2100, Copenhagen Ø, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matti P Rissanen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul O Wennberg
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science and Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology , 1200 East California Boulevard, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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15
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Iyer S, He X, Hyttinen N, Kurtén T, Rissanen MP. Computational and Experimental Investigation of the Detection of HO 2 Radical and the Products of Its Reaction with Cyclohexene Ozonolysis Derived RO 2 Radicals by an Iodide-Based Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:6778-6789. [PMID: 28796517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The HO2 radical is an important atmospheric molecule that can potentially influence the termination of autoxidation processes of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that lead to the formation of highly oxygenated multifunctional compounds (HOMs). In this work, we demonstrate the direct detection of the HO2 radical using an iodide-based chemical ionization mass spectrometer (iodide-CIMS). Expanding on the previously established correlation between molecule-iodide binding enthalpy and iodide-CIMS instrument sensitivity, the experimental detection of the HO2 radical was preceded by the quantum chemical calculation of the HO2*I- cluster (PBE/aug-cc-pVTZ-PP level), which showed a reasonably strong binding enthalpy of 21.60 kcal/mol. Cyclohexene ozonolysis intermediates and closed-shell products were next detected by the iodide-CIMS. The ozone-initiated cyclohexene oxidation mechanism was perturbed by the introduction of the HO2 radical, leading to the formation of closed-shell hydroperoxides. The experimental investigation once again followed the initial computational molecule-iodide binding enthalpy calculations. The quantum chemical calculations were performed at the PBE/aug-cc-pVTZ-PP level for radicals and DLPNO-CCSD(T)/def2-QZVPP//PBE/aug-cc-pVTZ-PP level for the closed-shell products. A comparison between the iodide-CIMS and nitrate-CIMS spectra with identical measurement steps revealed that the iodide-CIMS was able to detect the low-oxidized (O/C ratio 0.5 and 0.66) cyclohexene ozonolysis monomer products more efficiently than nitrate-CIMS. Higher-oxidized monomers (O/C ratio 1 to 1.5) were detected equally well by both methods. An investigation of dimers showed that both iodide- and nitrate-CIMS were able to detect the dimer compositions possibly formed from reactions between the peroxy radical monomers considered in this study. Additionally, iodide-CIMS detected organic ions that were formed by a previously suggested mechanism of dehydroxylation of peroxy acids (and deoxygenation of acyl peroxy radicals) by H2O*I- clusters. These mechanisms were computationally verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth Iyer
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, 00100, Finland
| | - Xucheng He
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, 00100, Finland
| | - Noora Hyttinen
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, 00100, Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, 00100, Finland
| | - Matti P Rissanen
- Department of Chemistry, and ‡Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , Helsinki, 00100, Finland
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16
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Hyttinen N, Rissanen MP, Kurtén T. Computational Comparison of Acetate and Nitrate Chemical Ionization of Highly Oxidized Cyclohexene Ozonolysis Intermediates and Products. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:2172-2179. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b12654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noora Hyttinen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti P. Rissanen
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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17
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Pekkanen TT, Arppe SL, Eskola AJ, Rissanen MP, Timonen RS. An Experimental Study of the Kinetics of the Reactions of Isopropyl,sec-Butyl, andtert-Butyl Radicals with Molecular Chlorine at Low Pressures (0.5-7.0 Torr) in the Temperature Range 190-480 K. INT J CHEM KINET 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.21034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timo T. Pekkanen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Suula L. Arppe
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Arkke J. Eskola
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Matti P. Rissanen
- Department of Physics; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 64 00014 Helsinki Finland
| | - Raimo S. Timonen
- Department of Chemistry; University of Helsinki; P.O. Box 55 00014 Helsinki Finland
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18
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Tröstl J, Chuang WK, Gordon H, Heinritzi M, Yan C, Molteni U, Ahlm L, Frege C, Bianchi F, Wagner R, Simon M, Lehtipalo K, Williamson C, Craven JS, Duplissy J, Adamov A, Almeida J, Bernhammer AK, Breitenlechner M, Brilke S, Dias A, Ehrhart S, Flagan RC, Franchin A, Fuchs C, Guida R, Gysel M, Hansel A, Hoyle CR, Jokinen T, Junninen H, Kangasluoma J, Keskinen H, Kim J, Krapf M, Kürten A, Laaksonen A, Lawler M, Leiminger M, Mathot S, Möhler O, Nieminen T, Onnela A, Petäjä T, Piel FM, Miettinen P, Rissanen MP, Rondo L, Sarnela N, Schobesberger S, Sengupta K, Sipilä M, Smith JN, Steiner G, Tomè A, Virtanen A, Wagner AC, Weingartner E, Wimmer D, Winkler PM, Ye P, Carslaw KS, Curtius J, Dommen J, Kirkby J, Kulmala M, Riipinen I, Worsnop DR, Donahue NM, Baltensperger U. The role of low-volatility organic compounds in initial particle growth in the atmosphere. Nature 2016; 533:527-31. [PMID: 27225126 PMCID: PMC8384036 DOI: 10.1038/nature18271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
About half of present-day cloud condensation nuclei originate from atmospheric nucleation, frequently appearing as a burst of new particles near midday. Atmospheric observations show that the growth rate of new particles often accelerates when the diameter of the particles is between one and ten nanometres. In this critical size range, new particles are most likely to be lost by coagulation with pre-existing particles, thereby failing to form new cloud condensation nuclei that are typically 50 to 100 nanometres across. Sulfuric acid vapour is often involved in nucleation but is too scarce to explain most subsequent growth, leaving organic vapours as the most plausible alternative, at least in the planetary boundary layer. Although recent studies predict that low-volatility organic vapours contribute during initial growth, direct evidence has been lacking. The accelerating growth may result from increased photolytic production of condensable organic species in the afternoon, and the presence of a possible Kelvin (curvature) effect, which inhibits organic vapour condensation on the smallest particles (the nano-Köhler theory), has so far remained ambiguous. Here we present experiments performed in a large chamber under atmospheric conditions that investigate the role of organic vapours in the initial growth of nucleated organic particles in the absence of inorganic acids and bases such as sulfuric acid or ammonia and amines, respectively. Using data from the same set of experiments, it has been shown that organic vapours alone can drive nucleation. We focus on the growth of nucleated particles and find that the organic vapours that drive initial growth have extremely low volatilities (saturation concentration less than 10(-4.5) micrograms per cubic metre). As the particles increase in size and the Kelvin barrier falls, subsequent growth is primarily due to more abundant organic vapours of slightly higher volatility (saturation concentrations of 10(-4.5) to 10(-0.5) micrograms per cubic metre). We present a particle growth model that quantitatively reproduces our measurements. Furthermore, we implement a parameterization of the first steps of growth in a global aerosol model and find that concentrations of atmospheric cloud concentration nuclei can change substantially in response, that is, by up to 50 per cent in comparison with previously assumed growth rate parameterizations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Tröstl
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Wayne K Chuang
- Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | | | - Martin Heinritzi
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ugo Molteni
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Lars Ahlm
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, University of Stockholm, SE-10961 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carla Frege
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.,Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zürich, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Robert Wagner
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mario Simon
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.,Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Christina Williamson
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Chemical Sciences Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, NOAA, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jill S Craven
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexey Adamov
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Anne-Kathrin Bernhammer
- Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Ionicon Analytik GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Martin Breitenlechner
- Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Ionicon Analytik GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Sophia Brilke
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | - Richard C Flagan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Alessandro Franchin
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Claudia Fuchs
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - Martin Gysel
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Ionicon Analytik GmbH, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Christopher R Hoyle
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland.,WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, 7260 Davos, Switzerland
| | - Tuija Jokinen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Junninen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Juha Kangasluoma
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helmi Keskinen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaeseok Kim
- University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Manuel Krapf
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kürten
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ari Laaksonen
- University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.,Finnish Meteorological Institute, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael Lawler
- University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.,National Center for Atmospheric Research, Atmospheric Chemistry Observations and Modeling Laboratory, Boulder, Colorado 80301, USA
| | - Markus Leiminger
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Ottmar Möhler
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Tuomo Nieminen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Felix M Piel
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Matti P Rissanen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linda Rondo
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Sarnela
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kamalika Sengupta
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK
| | - Mikko Sipilä
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - James N Smith
- University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Gerhard Steiner
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.,Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Antònio Tomè
- SIM, University of Lisbon and University of Beira Interior, 1849-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Andrea C Wagner
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Ernest Weingartner
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Daniela Wimmer
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul M Winkler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Penglin Ye
- Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Kenneth S Carslaw
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT Leeds, UK
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Josef Dommen
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- CERN, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland.,Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, University of Stockholm, SE-10961 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Douglas R Worsnop
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland.,Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, USA
| | - Neil M Donahue
- Carnegie Mellon University, Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland
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19
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Kirkby J, Duplissy J, Sengupta K, Frege C, Gordon H, Williamson C, Heinritzi M, Simon M, Yan C, Almeida J, Tröstl J, Nieminen T, Ortega IK, Wagner R, Adamov A, Amorim A, Bernhammer AK, Bianchi F, Breitenlechner M, Brilke S, Chen X, Craven J, Dias A, Ehrhart S, Flagan RC, Franchin A, Fuchs C, Guida R, Hakala J, Hoyle CR, Jokinen T, Junninen H, Kangasluoma J, Kim J, Krapf M, Kürten A, Laaksonen A, Lehtipalo K, Makhmutov V, Mathot S, Molteni U, Onnela A, Peräkylä O, Piel F, Petäjä T, Praplan AP, Pringle K, Rap A, Richards NAD, Riipinen I, Rissanen MP, Rondo L, Sarnela N, Schobesberger S, Scott CE, Seinfeld JH, Sipilä M, Steiner G, Stozhkov Y, Stratmann F, Tomé A, Virtanen A, Vogel AL, Wagner AC, Wagner PE, Weingartner E, Wimmer D, Winkler PM, Ye P, Zhang X, Hansel A, Dommen J, Donahue NM, Worsnop DR, Baltensperger U, Kulmala M, Carslaw KS, Curtius J. Ion-induced nucleation of pure biogenic particles. Nature 2016; 533:521-6. [PMID: 27225125 PMCID: PMC8384037 DOI: 10.1038/nature17953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric aerosols and their effect on clouds are thought to be important for anthropogenic radiative forcing of the climate, yet remain poorly understood. Globally, around half of cloud condensation nuclei originate from nucleation of atmospheric vapours. It is thought that sulfuric acid is essential to initiate most particle formation in the atmosphere, and that ions have a relatively minor role. Some laboratory studies, however, have reported organic particle formation without the intentional addition of sulfuric acid, although contamination could not be excluded. Here we present evidence for the formation of aerosol particles from highly oxidized biogenic vapours in the absence of sulfuric acid in a large chamber under atmospheric conditions. The highly oxygenated molecules (HOMs) are produced by ozonolysis of α-pinene. We find that ions from Galactic cosmic rays increase the nucleation rate by one to two orders of magnitude compared with neutral nucleation. Our experimental findings are supported by quantum chemical calculations of the cluster binding energies of representative HOMs. Ion-induced nucleation of pure organic particles constitutes a potentially widespread source of aerosol particles in terrestrial environments with low sulfuric acid pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Kirkby
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Germany
- CERN, Geneva, CH-1211 Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Kamalika Sengupta
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Carla Frege
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Villigen, CH-5232 Switzerland
| | | | - Christina Williamson
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Germany
- Present Address: † Present addresses: CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA (C.W.); Arctic Research Center, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, South Korea (J. Kim); Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA (S.S.).,
| | - Martin Heinritzi
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Germany
- Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
| | - Mario Simon
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Germany
| | - Chao Yan
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - João Almeida
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Germany
- CERN, Geneva, CH-1211 Switzerland
| | - Jasmin Tröstl
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Villigen, CH-5232 Switzerland
| | - Tuomo Nieminen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | | | - Robert Wagner
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Alexey Adamov
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | | | - Anne-Kathrin Bernhammer
- Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
- Ionicon Analytik GmbH, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Villigen, CH-5232 Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, CH-8092 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Martin Breitenlechner
- Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
- Ionicon Analytik GmbH, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
| | - Sophia Brilke
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Germany
| | - Xuemeng Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Jill Craven
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125 California USA
| | | | - Sebastian Ehrhart
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Germany
- CERN, Geneva, CH-1211 Switzerland
| | - Richard C. Flagan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125 California USA
| | | | - Claudia Fuchs
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Villigen, CH-5232 Switzerland
| | | | - Jani Hakala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Christopher R. Hoyle
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Villigen, CH-5232 Switzerland
- WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos, CH-7260 Switzerland
| | - Tuija Jokinen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Heikki Junninen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Juha Kangasluoma
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Jaeseok Kim
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211 Finland
- Present Address: † Present addresses: CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA (C.W.); Arctic Research Center, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, South Korea (J. Kim); Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA (S.S.).,
| | - Manuel Krapf
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Villigen, CH-5232 Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kürten
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Germany
| | - Ari Laaksonen
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211 Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, FI-00101 Finland
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Villigen, CH-5232 Switzerland
| | - Vladimir Makhmutov
- Solar and Cosmic Ray Research Laboratory, Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | | | - Ugo Molteni
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Villigen, CH-5232 Switzerland
| | | | - Otso Peräkylä
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Felix Piel
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Germany
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Arnaud P. Praplan
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Kirsty Pringle
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Alexandru Rap
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Nigel A. D. Richards
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
- University of Leeds, National Centre for Earth Observation, Leeds, LS2 9JT UK
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Department of Applied Environmental Science, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, SE-10961 Sweden
| | - Matti P. Rissanen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Linda Rondo
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Germany
| | - Nina Sarnela
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Siegfried Schobesberger
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Present Address: † Present addresses: CIRES, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA (C.W.); Arctic Research Center, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 406-840, South Korea (J. Kim); Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA (S.S.).,
| | | | - John H. Seinfeld
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125 California USA
| | - Mikko Sipilä
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Gerhard Steiner
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090 Austria
| | - Yuri Stozhkov
- Solar and Cosmic Ray Research Laboratory, Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - Frank Stratmann
- Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, Leipzig, 04318 Germany
| | - Antonio Tomé
- University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, 6201-001 Portugal
| | | | | | - Andrea C. Wagner
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Germany
| | - Paul E. Wagner
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090 Austria
| | - Ernest Weingartner
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Villigen, CH-5232 Switzerland
| | - Daniela Wimmer
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | - Paul M. Winkler
- Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090 Austria
| | - Penglin Ye
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, 15213 Pennsylvania USA
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, 91125 California USA
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute for Ion and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
- Ionicon Analytik GmbH, Innsbruck, 6020 Austria
| | - Josef Dommen
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Villigen, CH-5232 Switzerland
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, 15213 Pennsylvania USA
| | - Douglas R. Worsnop
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, FI-70211 Finland
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, 01821 Massachusetts USA
| | - Urs Baltensperger
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Villigen, CH-5232 Switzerland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014 Finland
| | | | - Joachim Curtius
- Goethe University Frankfurt, Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Frankfurt am Main, 60438 Germany
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20
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Lehtipalo K, Rondo L, Kontkanen J, Schobesberger S, Jokinen T, Sarnela N, Kürten A, Ehrhart S, Franchin A, Nieminen T, Riccobono F, Sipilä M, Yli-Juuti T, Duplissy J, Adamov A, Ahlm L, Almeida J, Amorim A, Bianchi F, Breitenlechner M, Dommen J, Downard AJ, Dunne EM, Flagan RC, Guida R, Hakala J, Hansel A, Jud W, Kangasluoma J, Kerminen VM, Keskinen H, Kim J, Kirkby J, Kupc A, Kupiainen-Määttä O, Laaksonen A, Lawler MJ, Leiminger M, Mathot S, Olenius T, Ortega IK, Onnela A, Petäjä T, Praplan A, Rissanen MP, Ruuskanen T, Santos FD, Schallhart S, Schnitzhofer R, Simon M, Smith JN, Tröstl J, Tsagkogeorgas G, Tomé A, Vaattovaara P, Vehkamäki H, Vrtala AE, Wagner PE, Williamson C, Wimmer D, Winkler PM, Virtanen A, Donahue NM, Carslaw KS, Baltensperger U, Riipinen I, Curtius J, Worsnop DR, Kulmala M. The effect of acid-base clustering and ions on the growth of atmospheric nano-particles. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11594. [PMID: 27197574 PMCID: PMC4876472 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth of freshly formed aerosol particles can be the bottleneck in their survival to cloud condensation nuclei. It is therefore crucial to understand how particles grow in the atmosphere. Insufficient experimental data has impeded a profound understanding of nano-particle growth under atmospheric conditions. Here we study nano-particle growth in the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoors Droplets) chamber, starting from the formation of molecular clusters. We present measured growth rates at sub-3 nm sizes with different atmospherically relevant concentrations of sulphuric acid, water, ammonia and dimethylamine. We find that atmospheric ions and small acid-base clusters, which are not generally accounted for in the measurement of sulphuric acid vapour, can participate in the growth process, leading to enhanced growth rates. The availability of compounds capable of stabilizing sulphuric acid clusters governs the magnitude of these effects and thus the exact growth mechanism. We bring these observations into a coherent framework and discuss their significance in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Linda Rondo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jenni Kontkanen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tuija Jokinen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Sarnela
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andreas Kürten
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ehrhart
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alessandro Franchin
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomo Nieminen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Francesco Riccobono
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Mikko Sipilä
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Yli-Juuti
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jonathan Duplissy
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alexey Adamov
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lars Ahlm
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - João Almeida
- CERN, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
- SIM, University of Lisbon and University of Beira Interior, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Antonio Amorim
- SIM, University of Lisbon and University of Beira Interior, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Breitenlechner
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Josef Dommen
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J. Downard
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Eimear M. Dunne
- School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Atmospheric Research Centre of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Richard C. Flagan
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Boulevard Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Roberto Guida
- SIM, University of Lisbon and University of Beira Interior, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Jani Hakala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Armin Hansel
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Ionicon Analytik GmbH, Eduard-Bodem-Gasse 3, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Werner Jud
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Juha Kangasluoma
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Veli-Matti Kerminen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Helmi Keskinen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jaeseok Kim
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Kupc
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Ari Laaksonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, PO Box 501, 00101 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Michael J. Lawler
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697 USA
| | - Markus Leiminger
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Tinja Olenius
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ismael K. Ortega
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arnaud Praplan
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Matti P. Rissanen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Taina Ruuskanen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Filipe D. Santos
- SIM, University of Lisbon and University of Beira Interior, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Simon Schallhart
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ralf Schnitzhofer
- Institute for Ion Physics and Applied Physics, Technikerstraße 25, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Mario Simon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - James N. Smith
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697 USA
| | - Jasmin Tröstl
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | | | - António Tomé
- SIM, University of Lisbon and University of Beira Interior, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Petri Vaattovaara
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hanna Vehkamäki
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aron E. Vrtala
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul E. Wagner
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christina Williamson
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniela Wimmer
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Paul M. Winkler
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Annele Virtanen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Neil M. Donahue
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Studies, Carnegie Mellon University, Doherty Hall 2116, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | | | - Urs Baltensperger
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Ilona Riipinen
- Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry (ACES) & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Joachim Curtius
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Altenhöferallee 1, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Douglas R. Worsnop
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Atmospheric Research Centre of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3976, USA
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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21
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Hyttinen N, Knap HC, Rissanen MP, Jørgensen S, Kjaergaard HG, Kurtén T. Unimolecular HO2 Loss from Peroxy Radicals Formed in Autoxidation Is Unlikely under Atmospheric Conditions. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:3588-95. [PMID: 27163880 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b02281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A concerted HO2 loss reaction from a peroxy radical (RO2), formed from the addition of O2 to an alkyl radical, has been proposed as a mechanism to form closed-shell products in the atmospheric oxidation of organic molecules. We investigate this reaction computationally with four progressively oxidized radicals. Potential energy surfaces of the O2 addition and HO2 loss reactions were calculated at ROHF-RCCSD(T)-F12a/VDZ-F12//ωB97xD/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory and the master equation solver for multienergy well reactions (MESMER) was used to calculate Bartis-Widom phenomenological rate coefficients. The rate coefficients were also compared with the unimolecular rate coefficients of the HO2 loss reaction calculated with transition state theory at atmospheric temperature and pressure. On the basis of our calculations, the unimolecular concerted HO2 loss is unlikely to be a major pathway in the formation of highly oxidized closed-shell molecules in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noora Hyttinen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hasse C Knap
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matti P Rissanen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Solvejg Jørgensen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik G Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen , DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 55, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
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22
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Kurtén T, Rissanen MP, Mackeprang K, Thornton JA, Hyttinen N, Jørgensen S, Ehn M, Kjaergaard HG. Computational Study of Hydrogen Shifts and Ring-Opening Mechanisms in α-Pinene Ozonolysis Products. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:11366-75. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b08948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Theo Kurtén
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti P. Rissanen
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kasper Mackeprang
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Joel A. Thornton
- Department
of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Noora Hyttinen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Solvejg Jørgensen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrik G. Kjaergaard
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100 Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
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23
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Hyttinen N, Kupiainen-Määttä O, Rissanen MP, Muuronen M, Ehn M, Kurtén T. Modeling the Charging of Highly Oxidized Cyclohexene Ozonolysis Products Using Nitrate-Based Chemical Ionization. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:6339-45. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Noora Hyttinen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Oona Kupiainen-Määttä
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Matti P. Rissanen
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Mikko Muuronen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
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24
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Rissanen MP, Ihlenborg M, Pekkanen TT, Timonen RS. Kinetics of Several Oxygen-Containing Carbon-Centered Free Radical Reactions with Nitric Oxide. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:7734-41. [PMID: 26000890 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b01027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Kinetics of four carbon-centered, oxygen-containing free radical reactions with nitric oxide (NO) were investigated as a function of temperature at a few Torr pressure of helium, employing flow tube reactors coupled to a laser-photolysis/resonance-gas-discharge-lamp photoionization mass spectrometer (LP-RPIMS). Rate coefficients were directly determined from radical (R) decay signals under pseudo-first-order conditions ([R]0 ≪ [NO]). The obtained rate coefficients showed negative temperature dependences, typical for a radical-radical association process, and can be represented by the following parametrizations (all in units of cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1)): k(CH2OH + NO) = (4.76 × 10(-21)) × (T/300 K)(15.92) × exp[50700/(RT)] (T = 266-363 K, p = 0.79-3.44 Torr); k(CH3CHOH + NO) = (1.27 × 10(-16)) × (T/300 K)(6.81) × exp[28700/(RT)] (T = 241-363 K, p = 0.52-3.43 Torr); k(CH3OCH2 + NO) = (3.58 ± 0.12) × 10(-12) × (T/300 K)(-3.17±0.14) (T = 221-363 K, p = 0.50-0.80 Torr); k(T)3 = 9.62 × 10(-11) × (T/300 K)(-5.99) × exp[-7100/(RT)] (T = 221-473 K, p = 1.41-2.95 Torr), with the uncertainties given as standard errors of the fits and the overall uncertainties estimated as ±20%. The rate of CH3OCH2 + NO reaction was measured in two density ranges due to its observed considerable pressure dependence, which was not found in the studied hydroxyalkyl reactions. In addition, the CH3CO + NO rate coefficient was determined at two temperatures resulting in k298K(CH3CO + NO) = (5.6 ± 2.8) × 10(-13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). No products were found during these experiments, reasons for which are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti P Rissanen
- †Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marvin Ihlenborg
- ‡Department of Chemistry, Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Kiel, Max-Eyth-Straße 1, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Timo T Pekkanen
- §Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raimo S Timonen
- §Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Fernandes RX, Luther K, Marowsky G, Rissanen MP, Timonen R, Troe J. Experimental and Modeling Study of the Temperature and Pressure Dependence of the Reaction C2H5 + O2 (+ M) → C2H5O2 (+ M). J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:7263-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp511672v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi X. Fernandes
- Physikalische-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee
100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Klaus Luther
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse
6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerd Marowsky
- Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg
1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Matti P. Rissanen
- Department
of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FI 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raimo Timonen
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FI 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jürgen Troe
- Institut
für Physikalische Chemie, Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse
6, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Laser-Laboratorium Göttingen, Hans-Adolf-Krebs-Weg
1, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Am Fassberg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany
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Rissanen MP, Kurtén T, Sipilä M, Thornton JA, Kausiala O, Garmash O, Kjaergaard HG, Petäjä T, Worsnop DR, Ehn M, Kulmala M. Effects of Chemical Complexity on the Autoxidation Mechanisms of Endocyclic Alkene Ozonolysis Products: From Methylcyclohexenes toward Understanding α-Pinene. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:4633-50. [DOI: 10.1021/jp510966g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matti P. Rissanen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Theo Kurtén
- Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko Sipilä
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Joel A. Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric
Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | - Oskari Kausiala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olga Garmash
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Henrik G. Kjaergaard
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
5, 2100 Copenhagen
Ø, Denmark
| | - Tuukka Petäjä
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Douglas R. Worsnop
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Aerodyne Research Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Mikael Ehn
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Bianchi F, Praplan AP, Sarnela N, Dommen J, Kürten A, Ortega IK, Schobesberger S, Junninen H, Simon M, Tröstl J, Jokinen T, Sipilä M, Adamov A, Amorim A, Almeida J, Breitenlechner M, Duplissy J, Ehrhart S, Flagan RC, Franchin A, Hakala J, Hansel A, Heinritzi M, Kangasluoma J, Keskinen H, Kim J, Kirkby J, Laaksonen A, Lawler MJ, Lehtipalo K, Leiminger M, Makhmutov V, Mathot S, Onnela A, Petäjä T, Riccobono F, Rissanen MP, Rondo L, Tomé A, Virtanen A, Viisanen Y, Williamson C, Wimmer D, Winkler PM, Ye P, Curtius J, Kulmala M, Worsnop DR, Donahue NM, Baltensperger U. Insight into acid-base nucleation experiments by comparison of the chemical composition of positive, negative, and neutral clusters. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:13675-13684. [PMID: 25406110 DOI: 10.1021/es502380b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the nucleation of sulfuric acid together with two bases (ammonia and dimethylamine), at the CLOUD chamber at CERN. The chemical composition of positive, negative, and neutral clusters was studied using three Atmospheric Pressure interface-Time Of Flight (APi-TOF) mass spectrometers: two were operated in positive and negative mode to detect the chamber ions, while the third was equipped with a nitrate ion chemical ionization source allowing detection of neutral clusters. Taking into account the possible fragmentation that can happen during the charging of the ions or within the first stage of the mass spectrometer, the cluster formation proceeded via essentially one-to-one acid-base addition for all of the clusters, independent of the type of the base. For the positive clusters, the charge is carried by one excess protonated base, while for the negative clusters it is carried by a deprotonated acid; the same is true for the neutral clusters after these have been ionized. During the experiments involving sulfuric acid and dimethylamine, it was possible to study the appearance time for all the clusters (positive, negative, and neutral). It appeared that, after the formation of the clusters containing three molecules of sulfuric acid, the clusters grow at a similar speed, independent of their charge. The growth rate is then probably limited by the arrival rate of sulfuric acid or cluster-cluster collision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Bianchi
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute , Villigen 5232, Switzerland
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Rissanen MP, Kurtén T, Sipilä M, Thornton JA, Kangasluoma J, Sarnela N, Junninen H, Jørgensen S, Schallhart S, Kajos MK, Taipale R, Springer M, Mentel TF, Ruuskanen T, Petäjä T, Worsnop DR, Kjaergaard HG, Ehn M. The formation of highly oxidized multifunctional products in the ozonolysis of cyclohexene. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15596-606. [PMID: 25283472 DOI: 10.1021/ja507146s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prompt formation of highly oxidized organic compounds in the ozonolysis of cyclohexene (C6H10) was investigated by means of laboratory experiments together with quantum chemical calculations. The experiments were performed in borosilicate glass flow tube reactors coupled to a chemical ionization atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer with a nitrate ion (NO3(-))-based ionization scheme. Quantum chemical calculations were performed at the CCSD(T)-F12a/VDZ-F12//ωB97XD/aug-cc-pVTZ level, with kinetic modeling using multiconformer transition state theory, including Eckart tunneling corrections. The complementary investigation methods gave a consistent picture of a formation mechanism advancing by peroxy radical (RO2) isomerization through intramolecular hydrogen shift reactions, followed by sequential O2 addition steps, that is, RO2 autoxidation, on a time scale of seconds. Dimerization of the peroxy radicals by recombination and cross-combination reactions is in competition with the formation of highly oxidized monomer species and is observed to lead to peroxides, potentially diacyl peroxides. The molar yield of these highly oxidized products (having O/C > 1 in monomers and O/C > 0.55 in dimers) from cyclohexene ozonolysis was determined as (4.5 ± 3.8)%. Fully deuterated cyclohexene and cis-6-nonenal ozonolysis, as well as the influence of water addition to the system (either H2O or D2O), were also investigated in order to strengthen the arguments on the proposed mechanism. Deuterated cyclohexene ozonolysis resulted in a less oxidized product distribution with a lower yield of highly oxygenated products and cis-6-nonenal ozonolysis generated the same monomer product distribution, consistent with the proposed mechanism and in agreement with quantum chemical modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti P Rissanen
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki , P.O. Box 64, Helsinki, 00014, Finland
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Rissanen MP, Eskola AJ, Nguyen TL, Barker JR, Liu J, Liu J, Halme E, Timonen RS. CH2NH2 + O2 and CH3CHNH2 + O2 Reaction Kinetics: Photoionization Mass Spectrometry Experiments and Master Equation Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2014; 118:2176-86. [DOI: 10.1021/jp411238e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matti P. Rissanen
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Division
of Atmospheric Sciences, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Arkke J. Eskola
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thanh Lam Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Texas 78712-0165, United States
| | - John R. Barker
- Department
of Atmospheric, Oceanic, and Space Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, United States
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and
Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Jingyao Liu
- Institute
of Theoretical Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Theoretical and
Computational Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130023, China
| | - Erkki Halme
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raimo S. Timonen
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti P. Rissanen
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences,
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Suula L. Arppe
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Raimo S. Timonen
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry,
Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Rissanen MP, Amedro D, Krasnoperov L, Marshall P, Timonen RS. Gas Phase Kinetics and Equilibrium of Allyl Radical Reactions with NO and NO2. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:793-805. [DOI: 10.1021/jp308621f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matti P. Rissanen
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55
(A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Damien Amedro
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Processus
de Combustion et de l′Atmosphère CNRS UMR 8522, Université Lille 1, Villeneuve d’Ascq,
France
| | - Lev Krasnoperov
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, University Heights,
Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Paul Marshall
- Department of Chemistry and
Center for Advanced Scientific Computation and Modeling, University of North Texas, P.O. Box
305070, Denton, Texas 76203, United States
| | - Raimo S. Timonen
- Laboratory
of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55
(A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Rissanen MP, Eskola AJ, Timonen RS. Kinetics of the brominated alkyl radical (CHBr2
, CH3
CHBr) reactions with NO2
in the temperature range 250-480 K. INT J CHEM KINET 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/kin.20725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rissanen MP, Amedro D, Eskola AJ, Kurten T, Timonen RS. Kinetic (T = 201-298 K) and equilibrium (T = 320-420 K) measurements of the C3H5 + O2 ⇆ C3H5O2 reaction. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:3969-78. [PMID: 22500811 DOI: 10.1021/jp209977h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics and equilibrium of the allyl radical reaction with molecular oxygen have been studied in direct measurements using temperature-controlled tubular flow reactor coupled to a laser photolysis/photoionization mass spectrometer. In low-temperature experiments (T = 201-298 K), association kinetics were observed, and the measured time-resolved C(3)H(5) radical signals decayed exponentially to the signal background. In this range, the determined rate coefficients exhibited a negative temperature dependence and were observed to depend on the carrier-gas (He) pressure {p = 0.4-36 Torr, [He] = (1.7-118.0) × 10(16) cm(-3)}. The bimolecular rate coefficients obtained vary in the range (0.88-11.6) × 10(-13) cm(3) s(-1). In higher-temperature experiments (T = 320-420 K), the C(3)H(5) radical signal did not decay to the signal background, indicating equilibration of the reaction. By measuring the radical decay rate under these conditions as a function of temperature and following typical second- and third-law procedures, plotting the resulting ln K(p) values versus 1/T in a modified van't Hoff plot, the thermochemical parameters of the reaction were extracted. The second-law treatment resulted in values of ΔH(298)° = -78.3 ± 1.1 kJ mol(-1) and ΔS(298)° = -129.9 ± 3.1 J mol(-1) K(-1), with the uncertainties given as one standard error. When results from a previous investigation were taken into account and the third-law method was applied, the reaction enthalpy was determined as ΔH(298)° = -75.6 ± 2.3 kJ mol(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti P Rissanen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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Rissanen MP, Eskola AJ, Timonen RS. Kinetics of the reactions of CH2Cl, CH3CHCl, and CH3CCl2 radicals with Cl2 in the temperature range 191-363 K. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:4805-10. [PMID: 20136084 DOI: 10.1021/jp909419v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of three chlorinated free radical reactions with Cl(2) have been studied in direct time-resolved measurements. Radicals were produced in low initial concentrations by pulsed laser photolysis at 193 nm, and the subsequent decays of the radical concentrations were measured under pseudo-first-order conditions using photoionization mass spectrometer (PIMS). The bimolecular rate coefficients of the CH(3)CHCl + Cl(2) reaction obtained from the current measurements exhibit negative temperature dependence and can be expressed by the equation k(CH(3)CHCl + Cl(2)) = ((3.02 +/- 0.14) x 10(-12))(T/300 K)(-1.89+/-0.19) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (1.7-5.4 Torr, 191-363 K). For the CH(3)CCl(2) + Cl(2) reaction the current results could be fitted with the equation k(CH(3)CCl(2) + Cl(2)) = ((1.23 +/- 0.02) x 10(-13))(T/300 K)(-0.26+/-0.10) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (3.9-5.1 Torr, 240-363 K). The measured rate coefficients for the CH(2)Cl + Cl(2) reaction plotted as a function of temperature show a minimum at about T = 240 K: first decreasing with increasing temperature and then, above the limit, increasing with temperature. The determined reaction rate coefficients can be expressed as k(CH(2)Cl + Cl(2)) = ((2.11 +/- 1.29) x 10(-14)) exp(773 +/- 183 K/T)(T/300 K)(3.26+/-0.67) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (4.0-5.6 Torr, 201-363 K). The rate coefficients for the CH(3)CCl(2) + Cl(2) and CH(2)Cl + Cl(2) reactions can be combined with previous results to obtain: k(combined)(CH(3)CCl(2) + Cl(2)) = ((4.72 +/- 1.66) x 10(-15)) exp(971 +/- 106 K/T)(T/300 K)(3.07+/-0.23) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (3.1-7.4 Torr, 240-873 K) and k(combined)(CH(2)Cl + Cl(2)) = ((5.18 +/- 1.06) x 10(-14)) exp(525 +/- 63 K/T)(T/300 K)(2.52+/-0.13) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) (1.8-5.6 Torr, 201-873 K). All the uncertainties given refer only to the 1sigma statistical uncertainties obtained from the fitting, and the estimated overall uncertainty in the determined bimolecular rate coefficients is about +/-15%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matti P Rissanen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
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Rissanen MP, Arppe SL, Eskola AJ, Tammi MM, Timonen RS. Kinetics of the R + NO2 Reactions (R = i-C3H7, n-C3H7, s-C4H9, and t-C4H9) in the Temperature Range 201−489 K. J Phys Chem A 2010; 114:4811-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp909396v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matti P. Rissanen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Suula L. Arppe
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Arkke J. Eskola
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Matti M. Tammi
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Raimo S. Timonen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
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Rissanen MP, Eskola AJ, Savina E, Timonen RS. Kinetics of the Reactions of CH3CH2, CH3CHCl, and CH3CCl2 Radicals with NO2 in the Temperature Range 221−363 K. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:1753-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp809193w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matti P. Rissanen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 Finland
| | - Arkke J. Eskola
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 Finland
| | - Elena Savina
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 Finland
| | - Raimo S. Timonen
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 Finland
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Eskola AJ, Geppert WD, Rissanen MP, Timonen RS, Halonen L. Kinetics of the Reactions of Chlorinated Methyl Radicals (CH2Cl, CHCl2, and CCl3) with NO2 in the Temperature Range 220−360 K. J Phys Chem A 2005; 109:5376-81. [PMID: 16839062 DOI: 10.1021/jp050441a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of the reactions of chlorinated methyl radicals (CH2Cl, CHCl2, and CCl3) with NO2 have been studied in direct measurements at temperatures between 220 and 360 K using a tubular flow reactor coupled to a photoionization mass spectrometer. The radicals have been homogeneously generated at 193 or 248 nm by pulsed laser photolysis of appropriate precursors. Decays of radical concentrations have been monitored in time-resolved measurements to obtain the reaction rate coefficients under pseudo-first-order conditions with the amount of NO2 being in large excess over radical concentrations. The bimolecular rate coefficients of all three reactions are independent of the bath gas (He or N2) and pressure within the experimental range (1-6 Torr) and are found to depend on temperature as follows: k(CH2Cl + NO2) = (2.16 +/- 0.08) x 10(-11) (T/300 K)(-1.12+/-0.24) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) (220-363 K), k(CHCl2 + NO2) = (8.90 +/- 0.16) x 10(-12) (T/300 K)(-1.48+/-0.13) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) (220-363 K), and k(CCl3 + NO2) = (3.35 +/- 0.10) x 10(-12) (T/300 K)(-2.2+/-0.4) cm3 molecule(-1) s(-1) (298-363 K), with the uncertainties given as one-standard deviations. Estimated overall uncertainties in the measured bimolecular reaction rate coefficients are about +/-25%. In the reactions CH2Cl + NO2, CHCl2 + NO2, and CCl3 + NO2, the products observed are formaldehyde, CHClO, and phosgene (CCl2O), respectively. In addition, a weak signal for the HCl formation has been detected for the CHCl2 + NO2 reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkke J Eskola
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, P.O. Box 55 (A.I. Virtasen aukio 1), FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
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