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Kung HF, Lieberman BP, Zhuang ZP, Oya S, Kung MP, Choi SR, Poessl K, Blankemeyer E, Hou C, Skovronsky D, Kilbourn M. In vivo imaging of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 in pancreas using an (18)F epoxide derivative of tetrabenazine. Nucl Med Biol 2009; 35:825-37. [PMID: 19026944 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2008.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Development of imaging agents for pancreatic beta cell mass may provide tools for studying insulin-secreting beta cells and their relationship with diabetes mellitus. In this paper, a new imaging agent, [(18)F](+)-2-oxiranyl-3-isobutyl-9-(3-fluoropropoxy)-10-methoxy-2,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-1H-pyrido[2,1-a]isoquinoline [(18)F](+)4, which displays properties targeting vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2) binding sites of beta cells in the pancreas, was evaluated as a positron emission tomography (PET) agent for estimating beta cell mass in vivo. The hydrolyzable epoxide group of (+)4 may provide a mechanism for shifting biodistribution from liver to kidney, thus reducing the background signal. METHODS Both (18)F- and (19)F-labeled (+) and (-) isomers of 4 were synthesized and evaluated. Organ distribution was carried out in normal rats. Uptake of [(18)F](+)4 in pancreas of normal rats was measured and correlated with blocking studies using competing drugs, (+)dihydrotetrabenazine [(+)-DTBZ] or 9-fluoropropyl-(+)dihydro tetrabenazine [FP-(+)-DTBZ, (+)2]. RESULTS In vitro binding study of VMAT2 using rat brain striatum showed a K(i) value of 0.08 and 0.15 nM for the (+)4 and (+/-)4, respectively. The in vivo biodistribution of [(18)F](+)4 in rats showed the highest uptake in the pancreas (2.68 %ID/g at 60 min postinjection). In vivo competition experiments with cold FP-(+)-DTBZ, (+)2, (3.5 mg/kg, 5 min iv pretreatment) led to a significant reduction of pancreas uptake (85% blockade at 60 min). The inactive isomer [(18)F](-)4 showed significantly lower pancreas uptake (0.22 %ID/g at 30 min postinjection). Animal PET imaging studies of [(18)F](+)4 in normal rats demonstrated an avid pancreatic uptake in rats. CONCLUSION The preliminary results suggest that the epoxide, [(18)F](+)4, is highly selective in binding to VMAT2 and it has an excellent uptake in the pancreas of rats. The liver uptake was significantly reduced through the use of the epoxide group. Therefore, it may be potentially useful for imaging beta cell mass in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hank F Kung
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Simpson NR, Souza F, Witkowski P, Maffei A, Raffo A, Herron A, Kilbourn M, Jurewicz A, Herold K, Liu E, Hardy MA, Van Heertum R, Harris PE. Visualizing pancreatic beta-cell mass with [11C]DTBZ. Nucl Med Biol 2007; 33:855-64. [PMID: 17045165 PMCID: PMC3743255 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Revised: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 07/03/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Beta-cell mass (BCM) influences the total amount of insulin secreted, varies by individual and by the degree of insulin resistance, and is affected by physiologic and pathologic conditions. The islets of Langerhans, however, appear to have a reserve capacity of insulin secretion and, overall, assessments of insulin and blood glucose levels remain poor measures of BCM, beta-cell function and progression of diabetes. Thus, novel noninvasive determinations of BCM are needed to provide a quantitative endpoint for novel therapies of diabetes, islet regeneration and transplantation. Built on previous gene expression studies, we tested the hypothesis that the targeting of vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2), which is expressed by beta cells, with [11C]dihydrotetrabenazine ([11C]DTBZ), a radioligand specific for VMAT2, and the use of positron emission tomography (PET) can provide a measure of BCM. In this report, we demonstrate decreased radioligand uptake within the pancreas of Lewis rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes relative to their euglycemic historical controls. These studies suggest that quantitation of VMAT2 expression in beta cells with the use of [11C]DTBZ and PET represents a method for noninvasive longitudinal estimates of changes in BCM that may be useful in the study and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman Ray Simpson
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical School, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Fabiola Souza
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical School, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Piotr Witkowski
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical School, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Antonella Maffei
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, CNR, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Anthony Raffo
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical School, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alan Herron
- Center for Comparative Medicine and The Department of Pathology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Kilbourn
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-0638, USA
| | - Agata Jurewicz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical School, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Kevan Herold
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical School, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eric Liu
- Diabetes Branch, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20854, USA
| | - Mark Adam Hardy
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical School, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ronald Van Heertum
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical School, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Paul Emerson Harris
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical School, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Corresponding author. BB 20-06, Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA. Tel.: +1 212 305 7363; fax: +1 212 305 7348. (P.E. Harris)
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Souza F, Simpson N, Raffo A, Saxena C, Maffei A, Hardy M, Kilbourn M, Goland R, Leibel R, Mann JJ, Van Heertum R, Harris PE. Longitudinal noninvasive PET-based beta cell mass estimates in a spontaneous diabetes rat model. J Clin Invest 2006; 116:1506-13. [PMID: 16710474 PMCID: PMC1462946 DOI: 10.1172/jci27645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2005] [Accepted: 03/21/2006] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes results from an absolute or relative reduction in pancreatic beta cell mass (BCM) leading to insufficient insulin secretion and hyperglycemia. Measurement of insulin secretory capacity is currently used as a surrogate measure of BCM. However, serum insulin concentrations provide an imprecise index of BCM, and no reliable noninvasive measure of BCM is currently available. Type 2 vesicular monoamine transporters (VMAT2) are expressed in human islet beta cells, as well as in tissues of the CNS. [11C]Dihydrotetrabenazine ([11C]DTBZ) binds specifically to VMAT2 and is a radioligand currently used in clinical imaging of the brain. Here we report the use of [11C]DTBZ to estimate BCM in a rodent model of spontaneous type 1 diabetes (the BB-DP rat). In longitudinal PET studies of the BB-DP rat, we found a significant decline in pancreatic uptake of [11C]DTBZ that anticipated the loss of glycemic control. Based on comparison of standardized uptake values (SUVs) of [11C]DTBZ and blood glucose concentrations, loss of more than 65% of the original SUV correlated significantly with the development of persistent hyperglycemia. These studies suggest that PET-based quantitation of VMAT2 receptors provides a noninvasive measurement of BCM that could be used to study the pathogenesis of diabetes and to monitor therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Souza
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy.
Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Norman Simpson
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy.
Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anthony Raffo
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy.
Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chitra Saxena
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy.
Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Antonella Maffei
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy.
Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Mark Hardy
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy.
Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael Kilbourn
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy.
Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Robin Goland
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy.
Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Rudolph Leibel
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy.
Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - J. John Mann
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy.
Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ronald Van Heertum
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy.
Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul E. Harris
- Department of Medicine and
Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso,” Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy.
Department of Surgery, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA.
Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center and
Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
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