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Huyghe E, Ducrot Q, Kassab D, Faix A, Hupertan V, Labrecque M. Survey on vasectomy practices in France in 2022. Fr J Urol 2024; 34:102593. [PMID: 38401346 DOI: 10.1016/j.fjurol.2024.102593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Prior to the publication of the recommendations of the French Association of Urology (AFU) on vasectomy, we conducted a survey to assess current practices and required training interventions in France regarding vasectomy. METHOD An invitation with a link to a 38-item questionnaire on MonkeySurvey was sent in November 2022 to the 1760 urologist members of the AFU. RESULTS A total of 352 (20%) urologists completed the survey. Among the participants, 20% reported refusing the surgery to patients aged 25 to 30 years old and 17% if they had no children, respectively. Three quarters of participants mentioned systematically performing a scrotal exam at the time of the pre-vasectomy consultation. Forty-one percent of respondents reported systematically performing vasectomy under general anesthesia. While 56% of participants mentioned performing a minimally invasive technique for exposing the vas, 70% said they were willing to learn the no-scalpel technique for this purpose. The most frequently reported occlusion techniques combine excision of a vas segment and ligation of both ends of the divided vas. Only 26% reported performing fascial interposition and 4% using the "open end" technique. A post-vasectomy semen analysis showing less than 100,000 non-motile sperm per millilitre makes only 38% of respondents recommending stopping other contraceptive methods. Half of the respondents considered that current reimbursement fee structure for the procedure restrains the development of this clinical activity. CONCLUSION Our survey suggests that vasectomy practice and services in France do not meet the international standards. We identified the clinical and organizational changes needed to improve practices and access to vasectomy services in France. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Grade 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Huyghe
- Département d'urologie, transplantation rénale et andrologie, CHU de Toulouse, site de Rangueil, Toulouse, France; Service de médecine de la reproduction, CHU de Toulouse, site de l'Hôpital-Paule-de-Viguier, 31059 Toulouse, France; UMR DEFE Inserm 1203, université Toulouse 3, université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France.
| | - Quentin Ducrot
- Département d'urologie, transplantation rénale et andrologie, CHU de Toulouse, site de Rangueil, Toulouse, France; Service de médecine de la reproduction, CHU de Toulouse, site de l'Hôpital-Paule-de-Viguier, 31059 Toulouse, France
| | - Diana Kassab
- Association française d'urologie, rue Viète, 75017 Paris, France
| | | | | | - Michel Labrecque
- Département de médecine familiale et de médecine d'urgence, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Labrecque M. Regarding "Down but Not Out: Vasectomy Is Faring Poorly Almost Everywhere-We Can Do Better to Make It a True Method Option". Glob Health Sci Pract 2023; 11:e2300163. [PMID: 37640483 PMCID: PMC10461699 DOI: 10.9745/ghsp-d-23-00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
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Lawton S, Hoover A, James G, Snook S, Quiroz DST, Labrecque M. Risk of post-vasectomy infections in 133,044 vasectomies from four international vasectomy practices. Int Braz J Urol 2023; 49:490-500. [PMID: 37267614 PMCID: PMC10482444 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2023.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To estimate the risk of post-vasectomy infections in various settings and across various surgical techniques and sanitization practices. PATIENTS AND METHODS Retrospective review of the records of 133,044 vasectomized patients from four large practices/network of practices using the no-scalpel vasectomy (NSV) technique in Canada (2011-2021), Colombia (2015-2020), New Zealand (2018-2021), and the United Kingdom (2006-2019). We defined infection as any mention in medical records of any antibiotics prescribed for a genital or urinary condition following vasectomy. RESULTS Post-vasectomy infection risks were 0.8% (219 infections/26,809 procedures), 2.1% (390/18,490), 1.0% (100/10,506), and 1.3% (1,007/77,239) in Canada, Colombia, New Zealand, and the UK, respectively. Audit period comparison suggests a limited effect on the risk of infection of excising a short vas segment, applying topical antibiotic on scrotal opening, wearing a surgical mask in Canada, type of skin disinfectant, and use of non-sterile gloves in New Zealand. Risk of infection was lower in Colombia when mucosal cautery and fascial interposition [FI] were used for vas occlusion compared to ligation, excision, and FI (0.9% vs. 2.1%, p<0.00001). Low level of infection certainty in 56% to 60% of patients who received antibiotics indicates that the true risk might be overestimated. Lack of information in medical records and patients not consulting their vasectomy providers might have led to underestimation of the risk. CONCLUSION Risk of infection after vasectomy is low, about 1%, among international high-volume vasectomy practices performing NSV and various occlusion techniques. Apart from vasectomy occlusion technique, no other factor modified the risk of post-vasectomy infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Lawton
- Emory UniversityRollins School of Public HealthAtlantaUnited StatesEmory University Rollins School of Public Health, Atlanta, United States;
| | - Alison Hoover
- Emory UniversitySchool of MedicineAtlantaUnited StatesEmory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, United States
| | - Gareth James
- Primary CareUnited KingdomAssociation of Surgeons in Primary Care, United Kingdom, UK
| | - Simon Snook
- SNIP Vasectomy ClinicsNew ZealandSNIP Vasectomy Clinics, New Zealand
| | | | - Michel Labrecque
- Laval UniversityDepartment of Family and Emergency MedicineQuebec CityCanadaDepartment of Family and Emergency Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada
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Jerbi A, Laur J, Lajoie K, Gallant PP, Barnabé S, Pitre FE, Labrecque M. Irrigation with primary wastewater alters wood anatomy and composition in willow Salix miyabeana SX67. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1087035. [PMID: 36938004 PMCID: PMC10018808 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1087035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Traditional treatment of wastewaters is a burden for local governments. Using short rotation coppice willow (SRCW) as vegetal filter has several environmental and economic benefits. Here, we investigated the effect of primary wastewater irrigation on wood structure and composition of the willow cultivar Salix miyabeana 'SX67' following two years of growth. Compared to unirrigated plants (UI), stem sections of plants irrigated with primary wastewater (WWD) showed an unexpected decrease of hydraulic conductance (KS) associated with a decrease in vessel density but not vessel diameter. The majority (86%) of vessels had diameters range groups [20-30[, [30-40[and [40-50[µm and contributed to > 75% of theoretical KS, while the group class [50-60[µm (less than 10% of vessels) still accounted for > 20% of total KS regardless irrigation treatments. WWD significantly alters the chemical composition of wood with an increase of glucan content by 9 to 16.4% and a decrease of extractives by 35.3 to 36.4% when compared to UI or to plants irrigated with potable water (PW). The fertigation did also increase the proportion of the tension wood which highly correlated with glucan content. In the context of energetic transition and mitigation of climate change, such results are of high interest since WWD effectively permit the phytofiltration of large amounts of organic contaminated effluents without impairing SRCW physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Jerbi
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Joan Laur
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Research and Development Division, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kevin Lajoie
- Institut d’Innovations sur les Écomatériaux, Écoproduits et Écoénergies à base de biomasse (I2E3), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | | | - Simon Barnabé
- Institut d’Innovations sur les Écomatériaux, Écoproduits et Écoénergies à base de biomasse (I2E3), Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, Canada
| | - Frederic E. Pitre
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Research and Development Division, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Research and Development Division, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Benoist P, Parrott A, Lachapelle-T. X, Barbeau LC, Comeau Y, Pitre FE, Labrecque M. Treatment of Landfill Leachate by Short-Rotation Willow Coppice Plantations in a Large-Scale Experiment in Eastern Canada. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:372. [PMID: 36679085 PMCID: PMC9861115 DOI: 10.3390/plants12020372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of leachate by vegetative filters composed of short-rotation willow coppice (SRWC) has been shown to be a cost-effective alternative to conventional and costly methods. However, few studies have considered the treatment capability of willow filters at a scale large enough to meet the industrial requirements of private landfill owners in North America. We report here on a field trial (0.5 ha) in which a willow plantation was irrigated with groundwater (D0) or aged leachate at two different loadings (D1 and D2, which was twice that of D1). Additionally, half of the D2-irrigated plots were amended with phosphorus (D2P). The system, which operated for 131 days, was highly efficient, causing the chemical oxygen demand concentration to drop significantly with the total removal of ammonia (seasonal average removal by a concentration of 99-100%). D2P efficacy was higher than that of D2, indicating that P increased the performance of the system. It also increased the willow biomass 2.5-fold compared to water irrigation. Leaf tissue analysis revealed significant differences in the concentrations of total nitrogen, boron, and zinc, according to the treatment applied, suggesting that the absorption capacity of willows was modified with leachate irrigation. These results indicate that the willow plantation can be effective for the treatment of landfill leachate in respect of environmental requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Benoist
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Adam Parrott
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Xavier Lachapelle-T.
- Groupe Ramo, 457 Rang du Ruisseau des Anges Sud, Saint-Roch-de-l’Achigan, QC J0K 3H0, Canada
| | - Louis-Clément Barbeau
- Groupe Ramo, 457 Rang du Ruisseau des Anges Sud, Saint-Roch-de-l’Achigan, QC J0K 3H0, Canada
| | - Yves Comeau
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
| | - Frédéric E. Pitre
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
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Licinio A, Laur J, Pitre FE, Labrecque M. Willow and Herbaceous Species' Phytoremediation Potential in Zn-Contaminated Farm Field Soil in Eastern Québec, Canada: A Greenhouse Feasibility Study. Plants (Basel) 2022; 12:167. [PMID: 36616296 PMCID: PMC9824536 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation shows great promise as a plant-based alternative to conventional clean-up methods that are prohibitively expensive. As part of an integrated strategy, the selection of well-adapted plant species as well as planting and management techniques could determine the success of a long-term program. Herein, we conducted an experiment under semi-controlled conditions to screen different plants species with respect to their ability to phytoremediate Zn-contaminated soil excavated from a contaminated site following a train derailment and spillage. The effect of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) application on the plants and soil was also comprehensively evaluated, albeit we did not find its use relevant for field application. In less than 100 days, substantial Zn removal occurred in the soil zone proximal to the roots of all the tested plant species. Three perennial herbaceous species were tested, namely, Festuca arundinacea, Medicago sativa, and a commercial mix purposely designed for revegetation; they all showed strong capacity for phytostabilization at the root level but not for phytoextraction. The Zn content in the aboveground biomass of willows was much higher. Furthermore, the degree of growth, physiological measurements, and the Zn extraction yield indicated Salix purpurea ‘Fish Creek’ could perform better than Salix miyabeana, ‘SX67’, in situ. Therefore, we suggest implementing an S. purpurea—perennial herbaceous co-cropping strategy at this decade-long-abandoned contaminated site or at similar disrupted landscapes.
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Palm E, Guidi Nissim W, Gagnon-Fee D, Labrecque M. Photosynthetic patterns during autumn in three different Salix cultivars grown on a brownfield site. Photosynth Res 2022; 154:155-167. [PMID: 36104474 PMCID: PMC9630210 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00958-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Leaf senescence at the end of the growing season is a complex process stimulated by changes in daylength and temperature that prepares deciduous trees for winter by reducing photosynthetic rates and remobilization of nutrients. Extending the duration of photosynthetic activity could have important consequences for the translocation of heavy metals in the phytoremediation of contaminated sites using deciduous trees like willow. In the present study, three Salix cultivars ('India,' 'SX67,' and 'Fish Creek') that were observed to maintain green leaves late into autumn were evaluated over an 11-week period extending from mid-September to mid-November on a brownfield site in Montreal, Canada. Gas exchange rates, chlorophyll fluorescence, and leaf pigments were measured weekly. A general trend of declining stomatal conductance and transpiration were observed early in the trial, followed by reductions in photosynthetic efficiency and concentrations of chl a, chl b, and carotenoids, in agreement with other studies. In particular, the cultivar 'Fish Creek' had higher rates of gas exchange and pigment concentrations than either 'SX67' or 'India,' but values for these parameters also declined more rapidly over the course of the trial. Both photoperiod and soil and air temperatures were strong drivers of changes in photosynthetic activity in all three of these cultivars according to correlation analyses. Further studies should focus on their biomass production and heavy metal accumulation capacity in light of the observed variation in photosynthetic activity stimulated by seasonal changes in light and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Palm
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agrarie, Alimentari, Ambientali e Forestali (DAGRI), University of Florence, Viale Delle Idee 30, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Werther Guidi Nissim
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 2, 20126, Milan, Italy.
| | - Daphné Gagnon-Fee
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
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Kampire HT, Cloutier J, Dallaire M, Plourde S, Labrecque M. Men prefer pre-vasectomy consultation by telephone: a survey of vasectomized men. Can J Urol 2022; 29:11307-11311. [PMID: 36245201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Due to the COVID-19 pandemic teleconsultation was allowed as an insured service in the province of Quebec, Canada. We assessed the preferences of vasectomized patients for a pre-vasectomy consultation conducted in-person or by telephone. MATERIALS AND METHODS In September 2021, we sought the participation of 214 men who had their pre-vasectomy consultation over the phone to complete an anonymous three-item survey on their preferred modality for pre-vasectomy consultation. They completed their questionnaire in the waiting room of the vasectomy clinic just after the surgical procedure. We calculated the proportion and 95% confidence interval [CI] of patients preferring each modality. We assessed the difference in preference according to the distance between hometown and vasectomy clinic (< 25 km, 25-50 km, and > 50 km) with Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Participation rate was 98% (n = 209/214). Most patients would have preferred telephone over in-person pre-vasectomy consultation if they had been given a choice (96%; 95% CI 92% to 98%), if they had had to recommend a modality to a friend (95%; 95% CI 91% to 98%), and if they had had to do a pre-vasectomy consultation again (prefer or no preference; total 97%; 95% CI 94% to 99%). Distance between hometown and vasectomy clinic did not significantly influence their preferences (p > 0.29 for each of the three items). CONCLUSIONS Vasectomized men preferred having pre-vasectomy consultation by telephone instead of in person. If maintained as an insured service after the COVID-19 pandemic, Canadian physicians offering vasectomy services should consider making this service available to their patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Cloutier
- Research Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Vasectomie Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | | | | | - Michel Labrecque
- Research Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Vasectomie Quebec, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Family and Emergency, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Guidi Nissim W, Labrecque M. Field assessment of trace element phytoextraction by different Populus clones established on brownfields in southern Quebec (Canada). Int J Phytoremediation 2022; 25:283-292. [PMID: 35605106 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2074964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fast-growing hybrid poplars have been tested for their potential to remove trace elements (TE) from polluted soil in several temperate regions. Despite their potential, they have rarely been tested in countries with a cold temperate climate. The current study screened four different Populus hybrids for phytoextraction of four TEs (i.e., As, Cu, Pb, and Zn) on an abandoned brownfield site in southern Quebec (Canada). The main results showed that under the current experimental conditions, the most important traits determining the actual phytoextraction rate are Biological Concentration Factor (BCF) and TE accumulation in the aboveground biomass, rather than biomass productivity. Although the overall performance of the chosen hybrids was rather poor, the presence of poplar stands enhanced the movement of mobile contaminants in soil, which led to an increase in their concentration in the root zone. This aspect suggests possible strategies for using these plants with high transpiration rates in future phytoremediation projects, including either possible rotation with more effective TE phytoextractor plants (e.g., hyperaccumulators) that can remove high TE amounts that have migrated from the deeper soil layers following poplar plantation, or phytostabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Werther Guidi Nissim
- Department of Biotechnology and Biosciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Lamontagne J, Sas E, Vincent G, Shang K, Pitre FE, Labrecque M. Valuable alkaloids content is preserved in Camptotheca acuminata and Morus alba grown in trace elements contaminated soil. Int J Phytoremediation 2022; 24:1533-1542. [PMID: 35234104 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2043238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phytoextraction of trace elements (TE) using woody species is an economically challenging soil remediation approach because of the long time needed. Yet, some trees contain alkaloids that can be exploited along structural components to enhance biomass value. As alkaloids are thought to be involved in plant defence mechanisms, we hypothesized that potentially hostile phytoremediation conditions could increase their level. Camptothecin in Camptotheca acuminata and 1-deoxynojirimycin in Morus alba were measured from trees grown in a field in presence of Cu, Pb and Zn all together, and from M. alba grown in a greenhouse in presence of Cd or other abiotic stressors (NaCl and bending). The trees did not extract TE in the field, but M. alba stems accumulated Cd in the greenhouse experiment, with no consequence on stomatal conductance and leaves pigments concentration. Camptothecin and 1-deoxynojirimycin concentrations were preserved under all experimental conditions, as was biomass yield, and phenolics were slightly increased in M. alba exposed to TE. This study provides evidence that valuable and persistent alkaloids and phenolics can be extracted from trees facing phytoremediation-associated stresses, without a negative impact on their quantity and on biomass yield. Such products could generate a sustainable stream of revenues during phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Lamontagne
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Eszter Sas
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Gilles Vincent
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Kankan Shang
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Frédéric E Pitre
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Montréal Botanical Garden, Montréal, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Montréal Botanical Garden, Montréal, Canada
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Fortin Faubert M, Labrecque M, Hijri M. Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Dominated the Root and Rhizosphere Microbial Communities of Two Willow Cultivars Grown for Six-Years in a Mixed-Contaminated Environment. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8020145. [PMID: 35205899 PMCID: PMC8880157 DOI: 10.3390/jof8020145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a growing interest in plant microbiome’s engineering to optimize desired functions such as improved phytoremediation. This study is aimed at examining the microbial communities inhabiting the roots and rhizospheres of two Salix miyabeana cultivars that had been grown in a short-rotation intensive culture (SRIC) system for six years in a soil contaminated with the discharge from a petrochemical factory. DNA was extracted from roots and rhizospheric soils, and fungal ITS and bacterial and archaeal 16S rDNA regions were amplified and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq technology. Cultivars ‘SX61’ and ‘SX64’ were found to harbor a similar diversity of fungal, bacterial, and archaeal amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). As expected, a greater microbial diversity was found in the rhizosphere biotope than in the roots of both cultivars, except for cultivar ‘SX64’, where a similar fungal diversity was observed in both biotopes. However, we found that microbial community structures were cultivar- and biotope-specific. Although the implication of some identified taxa for plant adaptability and biomass production capacity remains to be explored, this study provides valuable and useful information regarding microbes that could potentially favor the implantation and phytoremediation efficiency of Salix miyabeana in mixed contamination sites in similar climatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Fortin Faubert
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal and Jardin Botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; (M.F.F.); (M.L.)
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie végétale, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal and Jardin Botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; (M.F.F.); (M.L.)
| | - Mohamed Hijri
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
- Correspondence:
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Atkinson M, James G, Bond K, Harcombe Z, Labrecque M. Comparison of postal and non-postal post-vasectomy semen sample submission strategies on compliance and failures: an 11-year analysis of the audit database of the Association of Surgeons in Primary Care of the UK. BMJ Sex Reprod Health 2022; 48:54-59. [PMID: 34321257 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsrh-2021-201064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vasectomy occlusive success is defined by the recommendation of 'clearance' to stop other contraception, and is elicited by post-vasectomy semen analysis (PVSA). We evaluated how the choice of either a postal or non-postal PVSA submission strategy was associated with compliance to PVSA and effectiveness of vasectomy. METHODS We studied vasectomies performed in the UK from 2008 to 2019, reported in annual audits by Association of Surgeons in Primary Care members. We calculated the difference between the two strategies for compliance with PVSA, and early and late vasectomy failure. We determined compliance by adding the numbers of men with early failure and those given clearance. We performed stratified analyses by the number of test guidance for clearance (one-test/two-test) and the study period (2008-2013/2014-2019). RESULTS Among 58 900 vasectomised men, 32 708 (56%) and 26 192 (44%) were advised submission by postal and non-postal strategies, respectively. Compliance with postal (79.5%) was significantly greater than with non-postal strategy (59.1%), the difference being 20.4% (95% CI 19.7% to 21.2%). In compliant patients, overall early failure detection was lower with postal (0.73%) than with non-postal (0.94%) strategy (-0.22%, 95% CI -0.41% to -0.04%), but this difference was neither clinically nor statistically significant with one-test guidance in 2014-2019. There was no difference in late failure rates. CONCLUSIONS Postal strategy significantly increased compliance to PVSA with similar failure detection rates. This resulted in more individuals receiving clearance or early failure because of the greater percentage of postal samples submitted. Postal strategy warrants inclusion in any future guidelines as a reliable and convenient option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Atkinson
- Sexual & Reproductive Health, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
| | - Gareth James
- Audit Lead for Association of Surgeons in Primary Care (ASPC), Rugby, UK
| | - Katie Bond
- Palliative Care, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, Newport, UK
| | | | - Michel Labrecque
- Department of Family and Emergency Medicine Laval University and Research Center, CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
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13
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Sas E, Hennequin LM, Frémont A, Jerbi A, Legault N, Lamontagne J, Fagoaga N, Sarrazin M, Hallett JP, Fennell PS, Barnabé S, Labrecque M, Brereton NJB, Pitre FE. Biorefinery potential of sustainable municipal wastewater treatment using fast-growing willow. Sci Total Environ 2021; 792:148146. [PMID: 34146806 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The use of willow plantations can be a sustainable approach for treating primary municipal wastewater, potentially reducing both the environmental and economic burdens associated with conventional treatment. However, the impact of wastewater irrigation upon the willow biorefinery potential has not yet been established. To investigate this effect, three-year-old field grown willows were harvested from plots kept as either controls or irrigated with primary municipal wastewater effluent at 29.5 million L ha-1 yr-1. Biomass compositional analysis, ionic liquid pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification were assessed and differential abundance of persistent extractable phytochemicals was evaluated using untargeted metabolite profiling. Glucan significantly increased by 8% in wastewater treated trees, arabinose and galactose were significantly decreased by 8 and 29%, respectively, while xylose, mannose and lignin content were unaltered. Ionic liquid pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification efficiencies did not vary significantly, releasing >95% of the cell wall glucose and recovering 35% of the lignin. From a total of 213 phytochemical features, 83 were significantly depleted and 14 were significantly enriched due to wastewater irrigation, including flavonoids and lignan derivatives. Considered alongside increased biomass yield from wastewater irrigation (+200%), lignocellulosic bioenergy yields increased to 8.87 t glucose ha-1 yr-1 and 1.89 t ha-1 yr-1 recovered lignin, while net extractives yields increased to 1.48 t ha-1 yr-1, including phytochemicals of interest. The maintenance of glucose accessibility after low-cost ionic liquid pretreatment is promising evidence that sustainable lignocellulose bioenergy production can complement wastewater treatment. Untargeted metabolite assessment revealed some of the phytochemical toolkit employed by wastewater irrigated willows, including accumulation of flooding and salinity tolerance associated flavonoids glabraoside A and glabrene. The extractable phytochemicals underpin a novel high biomass phenotype in willow and, alongside lignocellulosic yields, could help enhance the economic feasibility of this clean wastewater treatment biotechnology through integration with sustainable biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sas
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - L M Hennequin
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemical Engineering, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Frémont
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - A Jerbi
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - N Legault
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - J Lamontagne
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - N Fagoaga
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; Institut de recherche en économie contemporaine (IRÉC), 10555 Avenue de Bois-de-Boulogne, Montreal, QC H4N 1L4, Canada
| | - M Sarrazin
- Collège de Maisonneuve, CÉPROCQ, 6220 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1N 1C1, Canada
| | - J P Hallett
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemical Engineering, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - P S Fennell
- Imperial College London, Department of Chemical Engineering, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - S Barnabé
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Département de chimie, biochimie et physique, 3351 boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - M Labrecque
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; Montreal Botanical Garden, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - N J B Brereton
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - F E Pitre
- University of Montreal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; Montreal Botanical Garden, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
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14
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Gervais-Bergeron B, Chagnon PL, Labrecque M. Willow Aboveground and Belowground Traits Can Predict Phytoremediation Services. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10091824. [PMID: 34579357 PMCID: PMC8471398 DOI: 10.3390/plants10091824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The increasing number of contaminated sites worldwide calls for sustainable remediation, such as phytoremediation, in which plants are used to decontaminate soils. We hypothesized that better anchoring phytoremediation in plant ecophysiology has the potential to drastically improve its predictability. In this study, we explored how the community composition, diversity and coppicing of willow plantations, influenced phytoremediation services in a four-year field trial. We also evaluated how community-level plant functional traits might be used as predictors of phytoremediation services, which would be a promising avenue for plant selection in phytoremediation. We found no consistent impact of neither willow diversity nor coppicing on phytoremediation services directly. These services were rather explained by willow traits related to resource economics and management strategy along the plant "fast-slow" continuum. We also found greater belowground investments to promote plant bioconcentration and soil decontamination. These traits-services correlations were consistent for several trace elements investigated, suggesting high generalizability among contaminants. Overall, our study provides evidence, even using a short taxonomic (and thus functional) plant gradient, that traits can be used as predictors for phytoremediation efficiency for a broad variety of contaminants. This suggests that a trait-based approach has great potential to develop predictive plant selection strategies in phytoremediation trials, through a better rooting of applied sciences in fundamental plant ecophysiology.
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15
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Massenet A, Bonet A, Laur J, Labrecque M. Co-planting Brassica napus and Salix nigra as a phytomanagement alternative for copper contaminated soil. Chemosphere 2021; 279:130517. [PMID: 33901893 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation of copper contaminated soil poses particular difficulties because of the low Cu mobility in the soil. Although several plant species, such as willows or Brassicaceae, have been used in the phytomanagement of abandoned brownfields, certain trace elements, such as copper often remain difficult to treat or remove from contaminated soils. An experiment was conducted under semi-controlled conditions to test the phytoremediation potential of co-planting two crop species, Brassica napus L. and Salix nigra 'S05', in soil spiked with two concentrations of Cu (500 mg kg-1 and 800 mg kg-1). Particular attention was given to the potential of 1) the co-plantation design and 2) uprooting, to efficiently mimic the remediation of a Cu-contaminated soil. Results showed that most Cu was found in plant roots and that the polyculture treatment produced the most overall biomass and maximum stabilization and extraction of Cu of the three treatments tested, regardless of contamination level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleena Massenet
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Amandine Bonet
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Joan Laur
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Montreal Botanical Garden, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale and Montreal Botanical Garden, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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16
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Fortin Faubert M, Hijri M, Labrecque M. Short Rotation Intensive Culture of Willow, Spent Mushroom Substrate and Ramial Chipped Wood for Bioremediation of a Contaminated Site Used for Land Farming Activities of a Former Petrochemical Plant. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:520. [PMID: 33802206 PMCID: PMC7999893 DOI: 10.3390/plants10030520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the bioremediation impacts of willows grown in short rotation intensive culture (SRIC) and supplemented or not with spent mushroom substrate (SMS) and ramial chipped wood (RCW). Results did not show that SMS significantly improved either biomass production or phytoremediation efficiency. After the three growing seasons, RCW-amended S. miyabeana accumulated significantly more Zn in the shoots, and greater increases of some PAHs were found in the soil of RCW-amended plots than in the soil of the two other ground cover treatments' plots. Significantly higher Cd concentrations were found in the shoots of cultivar 'SX61'. The results suggest that 'SX61' have reduced the natural attenuation of C10-C50 that occurred in the unvegetated control plots. The presence of willows also tended to increase the total soil concentrations of PCBs. Furthermore, we found that many contaminant concentrations were subject to seasonal oscillations, showing average increases throughout the whole experimental site after a growing period, while showing significantly different variations, such as lesser increases or even decreases, after a dormant period. These observations suggest that contaminants may have leached or degraded faster in untreated conditions, and conversely to have mobilized towards trees through water flow driven by plant transpiration during growing seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Fortin Faubert
- Institut de Recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin Botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; (M.F.F.); (M.H.)
| | - Mohamed Hijri
- Institut de Recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin Botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; (M.F.F.); (M.H.)
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de Recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin Botanique de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; (M.F.F.); (M.H.)
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17
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Barraoui D, Blais JF, Labrecque M. Cleanup of sewage sludge spiked with Cd, Cu, and Zn: Sludge quality and distribution of metals in the "soil-plant-water" system. Chemosphere 2021; 267:129223. [PMID: 33338720 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Corn was grown under greenhouse conditions in the presence of uncleaned versus cleaned municipal sewage sludge to assess the effectiveness of a chemical leaching process that uses an inorganic acid and strong oxidants to clean biosolids (i.e., to remove metals without reducing their agronomic potential). Specifically, our study analyzed physicochemical sludge from the Montreal (MSL) wastewater treatment plant (WTP) and biological sludge from the Becancour (BSL) WTP. Both biosolids were spiked with individual metals (dry weight basis): Cd (100 mg kg-1), Cu (3000 mg kg-1), and Zn (5000 mg kg-1), or their mixture. MSL biosolid enrichment led to the solubilization of added metals and removed 84-88% of Cd, 78-79% of Cu, and 79-81% of Zn. Similarly, BSL biosolid enrichment resulted in the removal of 86-88% of Cd, 80-81% of Cu, and 88-89% of Zn. The fractional distribution of metals varied between biosolids depending on their production process, stabilization, and initial metal concentration. In the MSL biosolids, only Cu partitioning was influenced by spiking, cleanup, and washing. The three metals (Cd, Cu, and Zn) occurred either in their crystalline phase or were linked to Fe oxide, organic matter, or carbonate. In the BSL biosolids, the metals that were not in their crystalline phase were only associated with Fe oxide. This study demonstrated that 99% of Cd and Cu and 97% of Zn contents remained in the soil; however, biosolid cleanup generally decreased metal concentrations in plants, leachate, and/or soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driss Barraoui
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-ETE), Université du Québec, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada
| | - Jean-François Blais
- Institut national de la recherche scientifique (INRS-ETE), Université du Québec, 490, rue de la Couronne, Québec, Québec, G1K 9A9, Canada.
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale (IRBV), 4101, rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec, H1X 2B2, Canada
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18
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Jerbi A, Brereton NJB, Sas E, Amiot S, Lachapelle-T X, Comeau Y, Pitre FE, Labrecque M. High biomass yield increases in a primary effluent wastewater phytofiltration are associated to altered leaf morphology and stomatal size in Salix miyabeana. Sci Total Environ 2020; 738:139728. [PMID: 32534285 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Municipal wastewater treatment using willow 'phyto'-filtration has the potential for reduced environmental impact compared to conventional treatment practices. However, the physiological adaptations underpinning tolerance to high wastewater irrigation in willow are unknown. A one-hectare phytofiltration plantation established using the Salix miyabeana cultivar 'SX67' in Saint-Roch-de-l'Achigan, Quebec, Canada, tested the impact of unirrigated, potable water or two loads of primary effluent wastewater 19 and 30 ML ha-1 yr-1. A nitrogen load of 817 kg N ha-1 from wastewater did not increase soil pore water nitrogen concentrations beyond Quebec drinking water standards. The willow phytofiltration phenotype had increased leaf area (+106-142%) and leaf nitrogen (+94%) which were accompanied by significant increases in chlorophyll a + b content. Wastewater irrigated trees had higher stomatal sizes and a higher stomatal pore index, despite lower stomatal density, resulting in increased stomatal conductance (+42-78%). These developmental responses led to substantial increases in biomass yields of 56-207% and potable water controls revealed the nitrogen load to be necessary for the high productivity of 28-40 t ha-1 yr-1 in wastewater irrigated trees. Collectively, this study suggests phytofiltration plantations could treat primary effluent municipal wastewater at volumes of at least 19 million litres per hectare and benefit from increased yields of sustainable biomass over a two-year coppice cycle. Added-value cultivation practices, such as phytofiltration, have the potential to mitigate negative local and global environmental impact of wastewater treatment while providing valuable services and sustainable bioproducts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jerbi
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - N J B Brereton
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - E Sas
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - S Amiot
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - X Lachapelle-T
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada; Ramea Phytotechnologies, 517 Rang du Ruisseau des Anges Sud, Saint-Roch-de-l'Achigan, Québec J0K 3H0, Canada
| | - Y Comeau
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 2500 Chemin de Polytechnique, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - F E Pitre
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; Montreal Botanical Garden, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - M Labrecque
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; Montreal Botanical Garden, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
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19
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Yanitch A, Kadri H, Frenette-Dussault C, Joly S, Pitre FE, Labrecque M. A four-year phytoremediation trial to decontaminate soil polluted by wood preservatives: phytoextraction of arsenic, chromium, copper, dioxins and furans. Int J Phytoremediation 2020; 22:1505-1514. [PMID: 32643383 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1785387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Widely used as wood preservatives for the last century, Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and chromated copper arsenate (CCA) have been shown to leach from treated surfaces and contaminate soil of wood storage sites. We performed a four-year field phytoremediation trial in southern Quebec (Canada) on a site contaminated with PCP and CCA with the following objectives: (1) assess the potential of willow, fescue, alfalfa and Indian mustard to tolerate and translocate CCA and PCP residues in their aerial tissues, (2) investigate the possibility of phytoextraction of dioxins and furans, and (3) test the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on phytoremediation performance. We showed that while nitrogen fertilization increased the chlorophyll content of plants, it did not result in a significantly greater plant biomass. We also showed that plants grown in the presence of PCP/CCA residues were able to translocate and concentrate trace elements in their aerial tissues, but also dioxins and furans (PCDD/F). This suggests that plants grown on sites polluted by PCP might contain dioxins and furans and should be treated as contaminated by these toxic chemicals. Finally, the reduction of soil contaminants at the end of the trial suggests that phytoremediation is a promising approach for decontaminating such sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Yanitch
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Hafssa Kadri
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Simon Joly
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Montréal, Canada
| | - Frederic E Pitre
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Montréal, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Montréal, Canada
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Brereton NJB, Gonzalez E, Desjardins D, Labrecque M, Pitre FE. Co-cropping with three phytoremediation crops influences rhizosphere microbiome community in contaminated soil. Sci Total Environ 2020; 711:135067. [PMID: 31818595 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Human industrial activities have left millions of hectares of land polluted with trace element metals and persistent organic pollutants (POPs) around the world. Although contaminated sites are environmentally damaging, high economic costs often discourage soil remediation efforts. Phytoremediation is a potential green technology solution but can be challenging due to the diversity of anthropogenic contaminants. Co-cropping could provide improved tolerance to diverse soil challenges by taking advantage of distinct crop capabilities. Co-cropping of three species with potentially complementary functions, Festuca arundinacea, Salix miyabeana and Medicago sativa, perform well on diversely contaminated soils. Here, rhizosphere microbiomes of each crop in monoculture and in all co-cropping combinations were compared using 16S rRNA gene amplification, sequencing and differential abundance analysis. The hyperaccumulating F. arundinacea rhizosphere microbiome included putative plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) and metal tolerance species, such as Rhizorhapis suberifaciens, Cellvibrio fibrivorans and Pseudomonas lini. The rhizosphere microbiome of the fast-growing tree S. miyabeana included diverse taxa involved in POP degradation, including the species Phenylobacterium panacis. The well-characterised nitrogen-fixing M. sativa microbiome species, Sinorhizobium meliloti, was identified alongside others involved in nutrient acquisition and putative yet-to-be-cultured Candidatus saccharibacteria (TM7-1 group). The majority of differentially abundant rhizosphere-associated bacterial species were maintained in co-cropping pairs, with pairs having higher numbers of differentially abundant taxa than monocultures in all cases. This was not the case when all three crops were co-cropped, where most host-specific bacterial species were not detected as differentially abundant, indicating the potential for reduced rhizosphere functionality. The crops cultivated in pairs here retained rhizosphere microbiome bacteria involved in these monoculture ecosystem services of plant growth promotion, POP tolerance and degradation, and improved nutrient acquisition. These findings provide a promising outlook of the potential for complementary co-cropping strategies for phytoremediation of the multifaceted anthropogenic pollution which can disastrously affect soils around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J B Brereton
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - E Gonzalez
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC H3A 0G1, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - D Desjardins
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - M Labrecque
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; Montreal Botanical Garden, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - F E Pitre
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; Montreal Botanical Garden, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
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21
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Miranda Claro SJ, Vargas Laverde J, Mariño Samper E, Ibáñez Pinilla M, Torres Quiroz DS, Labrecque M. Risk of vasectomy failure by ligation and excision with fascial interposition: A prospective descriptive study. Contraception 2020; 101:342-349. [PMID: 32061567 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the occlusive failure risk of ligation and excision with fascial interposition vasectomy technique. There are doubts about the effectiveness of this technique largely used in Asia and Latin America. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a prospective longitudinal observational descriptive study among men who underwent a vasectomy performed under local anesthesia in a clinic specializing in sexual and reproductive health services in Bogotá, Colombia. Three urologists used the Percutaneous No-Scalpel Vasectomy technique to isolate the vas deferens. They then ligated the vas, excised a 1 cm segment between ligations, and ligated the fascia on the prostatic end to cover the testicular end. We requested all patients to submit a semen sample three months after the vasectomy. We defined probable and confirmed vasectomy failure as 1-4.9 million sperm/ml and 5 million sperm/ml or more or any number of motile sperm observed on the last semen sample available, respectively. RESULTS Among 1149 participants, 581 (51%) had at least one post-vasectomy semen analysis. The overall failure risk was 5.2% (30/581; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.6%-7.3%) with probable and confirmed failure risk of 1.9% (11/581; 95% CI 1.1%-3.4%) and 3.3% (19/581; 95% CI 2.1%-5.1%), respectively. Older men and one urologist had statistically significant higher risk of overall failure. CONCLUSION Our study confirmed that the ligation and excision with fascial interposition vasectomy technique is associated with an unacceptable risk of failure. IMPLICATIONS Surgeons who use the ligation and excision with fascial interposition vasectomy technique and countries with large vasectomy programs in Asia and Latin America that still recommend this technique should consider adopting alternatives to reduce the failure risk to below 1% as recommended by the American Urological Association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Vargas Laverde
- Universidad El Bosque, Avenida Kr. 9 No. 131 A - 02, Bogotá, Colombia; Profamilia, Teusaquillo Calle 34 No. 14 - 52, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | - Milcíades Ibáñez Pinilla
- Universidad El Bosque, Avenida Kr. 9 No. 131 A - 02, Bogotá, Colombia; Universidad del Rosario, Hospital Universitario Mayor-Méderi, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | | | - Michel Labrecque
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices, 1050 Chemin Sainte-Foy, local K0-03, Québec (Qc) G1S 4L8, Canada.
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Shang K, Hu YH, Vincent G, Labrecque M. Biomass and phytoextraction potential of three ornamental shrub species tested over three years on a large-scale experimental site in Shanghai, China. Int J Phytoremediation 2020; 22:10-19. [PMID: 31274004 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1633998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Issues related to environmental degradation are of increasing concern worldwide. In urban Shanghai, many plant species used for ornamental purposes grow under harsh conditions yet show good resistance to pollution. Twelve shrub species were tested in a previous study to evaluate their capacity to tolerate and absorb inorganic contaminants. Among these, Hibiscus mutabilis and H. hamabo and Senna corymbosa, presented good performance and were tested over three growing seasons in a large experimental design (2000 m2) where the soil was spiked with salts of Cu, Pb, or Zn. Each year of the study, all plants were cut and biomass was harvested and analyzed. Despite the relatively high concentration of metals in plots, no signs of toxicity were observed. Concentrations of metals in root tissues were generally much higher than those found in aerial parts. The bioconcentration factor values were generally very low, but the high biomass yield produced by H. mutabilis led to significant removal of Cu and Zn. No difference in the quantity of Pb extracted was found between species. As these plants respond well to coppicing, it may be possible to gradually eliminate contaminants from soils. Their use can also embellish the landscape while generating many other ecological services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kankan Shang
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Hong Hu
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Gilles Vincent
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Montreal Botanical Garden, Montreal, Canada
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Labrecque M, Hu Y, Vincent G, Shang K. The use of willow microcuttings for phytoremediation in a copper, zinc and lead contaminated field trial in Shanghai, China. Int J Phytoremediation 2020; 22:1331-1337. [PMID: 32538116 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2020.1773758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A phytoremediation approach using willow microcuttings was tested on a large experimental site spiked with Cu, Pb and Zn. The objective was to verify if this approach allows plant establishment and effective extraction of contaminants. The experimental design consisted of four blocks divided into three plots, in which treatments (salts of the three metals) were randomly applied. Each plot was also subdivided to verify the effect of adding diverse compost treatments: no compost, vegetable garden waste compost (Compost 1), food waste compost (Compost 2) and a mix of Composts 1 and 2. Willow microcuttings (Salix matsudana × alba) were scattered on the plots at a density of 60 m-2. Nine months after the implementation, the number of stems developed, yield and concentration of metals in the aerial parts of the willows were measured. The presence of a contaminant did not affect the number of stems developed. However, the presence of Compost 1 had a significant effect on the number of stems produced as well as on the biomass. Among the three metals, Zn was the element found in highest concentration in willow tissues. An estimated minimum 300 g of Zn per hectare per year could be removed using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Labrecque
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Montréal Botanical Garden, Montréal, Canada
| | - Yonghong Hu
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Gilles Vincent
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Kankan Shang
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
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Abstract
Background: Research evidence published 10 to 15 years ago has shown that the type of vasectomy surgical technique performed can influence the effectiveness and the safety of the procedure. The objective of this study was to determine if evidence-based vasectomy surgical techniques are integrated in the vasectomy programs of selected low-resource countries. Methods: The surgical techniques recommended to perform the two steps of the vasectomy procedure (isolation/exposition and occlusion of the vas deferens) were extracted from current evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Documents describing male sterilisation standards and practice from Kenya, Rwanda, India, Nepal, Mexico, Honduras, Colombia and Haiti were reviewed to assess adequacy with international guideline recommendations. Results: Best recommended techniques are 1) a minimally invasive technique including the no-scalpel technique (known as the no-scalpel vasectomy (NSV)) to isolate and expose the vas deferens, and 2) cautery of the mucosa of the vas preferably combined with interposition of the fascia (FI) to occlude the vas deferens. The NSV is largely adopted and performed to isolate the vas in selected low-resources countries. Ligation and excision (LE) of a small segment of the vas deferens combined with FI is the most common vas occlusion technique mentioned in the country standards. Cautery as recommended in the guidelines is seldom used in selected countries. Conclusions: Effective and adapted vasectomy vas occlusion techniques are available, but are still underused in many low-resource countries. Providing the most effective vasectomy surgical techniques increases users’ confidence and satisfaction regarding male sterilization and may lead to higher acceptability and uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Labrecque
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Centre, Population Health and Optimal Health Practices, 1050 Chemin Sainte-Foy, local K0-03, Quebec City, Quebec, G1S 4L8, Canada.,Department of Family and Emergency Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
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Frédette C, Labrecque M, Comeau Y, Brisson J. Willows for environmental projects: A literature review of results on evapotranspiration rate and its driving factors across the genus Salix. J Environ Manage 2019; 246:526-537. [PMID: 31202017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Willows are increasingly used for a wide range of environmental projects, including biomass production, leachate treatment, riparian buffers and treatment wetlands. Evapotranspiration (ET), assumed to be high for most willow species used in environmental projects, affects hydrological cycles and is of key interest for project managers working with willows. Here, we present a comprehensive review of ET rates provided in the literature for the genus Salix. We aim to summarize current knowledge of willow ET and analyze its variability depending on context. We compiled and analyzed data from 57 studies, covering 16 countries, 19 willow species and dozens of cultivars. We found a mean reported ET rate of 4.6 ± 4.2 mm/d, with minimum and maximum values of 0.7 and 22.7 mm/d respectively. Although results reported here varied significantly between some species, overall interspecific standard deviation (±3.6 mm/d) was similar to intraspecific variation (±3.3 mm/d) calculated for S. viminalis, suggesting a greater influence of the growing context on ET than species identity. In terms of environmental and management variables, water supply, fertilization and contamination were identified as driving factors of ET across willow species. Effects of root age, experimental context, planting density and soil type were more nuanced. Our findings provide synthetic data regarding willow ET. We encourage practitioners who use ET data from the literature to be aware of the main drivers of ET and to consider the influence of the experimental aspects of a study in order to interpret data accurately and improve project planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Frédette
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada; Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montreal, Quebec, H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montreal, Quebec, H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - Yves Comeau
- Department of Civil, Geological and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, 2900 Édouard-Montpetit Blvd, Montreal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada.
| | - Jacques Brisson
- Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succ. Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada; Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montreal, Quebec, H1X 2B2, Canada.
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26
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Robichaud K, Stewart K, Labrecque M, Hijri M, Cherewyk J, Amyot M. An ecological microsystem to treat waste oil contaminated soil: Using phytoremediation assisted by fungi and local compost, on a mixed-contaminant site, in a cold climate. Sci Total Environ 2019; 672:732-742. [PMID: 30974363 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As a result of anthropization and industrialization, northern remote communities face issues of soil contamination by mixtures of organic and inorganic contaminants. Soil bioremediation in cold environments is particularly challenging because of slower degradation rates, slower production of biomass for phytoextraction of trace elements (TEs), and remoteness, which can complicate logistics and inflate costs. This study evaluated a decontamination approach integrating indigenous willows, fungi and compost in a northern community. The site was a waste oil pit and its soil was initially contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons (PHC) exceeding 200 g kg-1 and TEs including As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn. In under five years, 65 and 75% of PHC (C6-C50 and >C50) were degraded, compared to 27 and 13% for the untreated control soil. We found contrasting TE translocation patterns to the aboveground biomass for the willow species used (Salix planifolia and Salix alaxensis), as well as distinctive rooting strategies. Hazard quotients were calculated to assess the risk plant material could pose to local wildlife. The highest TE concentration measured was Zn in S. planifolia, which exceeded Canadian soil guidelines. Results indicate toxicity risks to animals linked to TEs in Salix spp. leaves is generally unlikely. The fungus Trametes versicolor inoculated into the soil did not fruit, however fruiting bodies of Psathyrella sp. were observed consistently (four out of five years). Biological tests indicated that in five growing seasons soil toxicity significantly decreased compared to the untreated soil used as control. This was demonstrated by vegetation cover (137 vs 11% cover), toxicity assays on earthworms (Eisenia andrei) (0 vs 33% mortality) and barley seed germination (Hordeum vulgare) (86 vs 62% germination). The proposed decontamination approach, without the use of synthetic fertilizers, is promising for the PHC remediation of mixed-contaminants on cold climate sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawina Robichaud
- Center for Northern Studies, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90 Vincent d'Indy, Montreal, QC H2V2S9, Canada
| | - Katherine Stewart
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr. Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada; Yukon Research Center, Yukon College, 500 College drive, Whitehorse, YK Y1A 5K4, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Street East, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Mohamed Hijri
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Street East, Montreal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Jensen Cherewyk
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, 44 Campus Dr. Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Marc Amyot
- Center for Northern Studies, Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90 Vincent d'Indy, Montreal, QC H2V2S9, Canada.
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27
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Labrecque M. Are evidence-based vasectomy surgical techniques performed in low-resource countries? Gates Open Res 2019; 3:1462. [DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12986.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Research evidence published 10 to 15 years ago has shown that the type of vasectomy surgical technique performed can influence the effectiveness and the safety of the procedure. The objective of this study was to determine if evidence-based vasectomy surgical techniques are integrated in the vasectomy programs of selected low-resource countries. Methods: The surgical techniques recommended to perform the two steps of the vasectomy procedure (isolation/exposition and occlusion of the vas deferens) were extracted from current evidence-based clinical practice guidelines. Documents describing male sterilisation standards and practice from Kenya, Rwanda, India, Nepal, Mexico, Honduras, Colombia and Haiti were reviewed to assess adequacy with international guideline recommendations. Results: Best recommended techniques are 1) a minimally invasive technique including the no-scalpel technique (known as the no-scalpel vasectomy (NSV)) to isolate and expose the vas deferens, and 2) cautery of the mucosa of the vas preferably combined with interposition of the fascia (FI) to occlude the vas deferens. The NSV is largely adopted and performed to isolate the vas in selected low-resources countries. Ligation and excision (LE) of a small segment of the vas deferens combined with FI is the most common vas occlusion technique mentioned in the country standards. Cautery as recommended in the guidelines is seldom used in selected countries. Conclusions: Effective and adapted vasectomy vas occlusion techniques are available, but are still underused in many low-resource countries. Providing the most effective vasectomy surgical techniques increases users’ confidence and satisfaction regarding male sterilization and may lead to higher acceptability and uptake.
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Robichaud K, Girard C, Dagher D, Stewart K, Labrecque M, Hijri M, Amyot M. Local fungi, willow and municipal compost effectively remediate petroleum-contaminated soil in the Canadian North. Chemosphere 2019; 220:47-55. [PMID: 30579173 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Low energy-input alternatives based on locally available products are needed for treating petroleum-hydrocarbon spills in northern regions. We tested the efficacy of three local biological components (municipal compost, white-rot fungus: Pleurotus ostreatus and willow: Salix planifolia) to remediate diesel-contaminated soils in a subarctic climate (Whitehorse, YT, Canada), and compared their efficacy to natural attenuation and chemical fertilizers (industry standard). After the first growing season, biologically amended treatments (BAT) that contained >2 biological components, had decreased 69-73% of the diesel's F2 fraction (C10-C16), which is more than natural attenuation or fertilizer (48 and 51%). By the third growing season, the BAT dropped below the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment's (CCME) Agricultural & Residential/Parkland guideline (<150 mg kg-1) and 86% of willows had survived and developed extensive roots. MiSeq amplicon sequencing of fungal (ITS) and bacterial (16S) rRNA genes showed the BAT's microbial communities were significantly more abundant and diverse. We found 132 bacterial and 35 fungal genera unique to the BAT. Readily-available local biological components such as municipal compost, fungi and willows may provide an effective alternative to applications of imported chemical fertilizers for the bioremediation and revegetation of diesel-contaminated soil in northern environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawina Robichaud
- Center for Northern Studies, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90 Vincent d'Indy, Montréal QC, H2V 2S9, Canada
| | - Catherine Girard
- Sentinelle Nord, Center for Northern Studies, Département de Biochimie, de Microbiologie et de Bio-informatique, Université Laval, 1030 Avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Dimitri Dagher
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Katherine Stewart
- Department of Soil Science, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Dr., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada; Yukon Research Center, Yukon College, 500 College Dr, Whitehorse, Yukon, Y1A 5K4, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Mohamed Hijri
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Marc Amyot
- Center for Northern Studies, Département de Sciences Biologiques, Université de Montréal, Pavillon Marie-Victorin, 90 Vincent d'Indy, Montréal QC, H2V 2S9, Canada.
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Hénault-Ethier L, Lucotte M, Smedbol É, Gomes MP, Maccario S, Laprise MEL, Perron R, Larocque M, Lepage L, Juneau P, Labrecque M. Potential Efficiency of Grassy or Shrub Willow Buffer Strips against Nutrient Runoff from Soybean and Corn Fields in Southern Quebec, Canada. J Environ Qual 2019; 48:352-361. [PMID: 30951125 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2016.10.0391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Riparian buffer strips (RBS) are encouraged to control agricultural diffuse pollution. In Quebec Province, Canada, a policy promotes 3-m-wide RBS. Abiding farmers minimally maintain herbaceous vegetation, but nutrient retention efficiency could be improved with woody biomass. This work aimed to assess if fast-growing willows ( Seemen 'SX64') could reduce nutrient loads to a stream, in addition to yielding biomass. Triplicate treatments of two stem densities and a herbaceous control plot were monitored from 2011 to 2013 in a randomized block design on agricultural fields of the St. Lawrence Lowlands with sandy loam (Saint-Roch-de-l'Achigan [SR]) and organic-rich (Boisbriand [BB]) soils. Runoff, interstitial water, and water from the saturated zone were sampled 16 (SR) and 14 (BB) times to quantify nutrient buffering (NO, NH, P, and K). Sampling campaigns followed (i) snowmelt or ≥15-mm natural precipitation events after (ii) fertilization and (iii) glyphosate-based herbicide applications. Concentration reduction before and after the RBS was highest for nitrates (77-81% in runoff at BB, 92-98% at 35- to 70-cm depth at SR) just after fertilization, when edge-of-field concentrations peaked. Total P removal was observed in runoff after fertilization at SR, and K removal was punctually witnessed at BB. Riparian buffer strips were inefficient for NH and dissolved P removal, and RBS effluents exceeded aquatic life protection standards. plantations, irrespective of stem density, were not more efficient than herbaceous RBS. This shows that without fertilizer input reductions, narrow RBS are insufficient to protect streams from excess nutrients in corn ( L.) and soybean [ (L.) Merr.] crops.
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Labrecque M, Benoist P. 14th International Phytotechnologies Conference. "phytotechnologies: new sustainable solutions for environmental challenges" Montréal, Québec (Canada), September 25-29, 2017. Int J Phytoremediation 2019; 21:1-3. [PMID: 30648401 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2018.1527112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michel Labrecque
- a Institut de recherche en biologie végétale
- b Université de Montréal and Jardin botanique de Montréal , Montréal , Québec , Canada
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Adisso EL, Borde V, Saint-Hilaire MÈ, Robitaille H, Archambault P, Blais J, Cameron C, Cauchon M, Fleet R, Létourneau JS, Labrecque M, Quinty J, Samson I, Boucher A, Zomahoun HTV, Légaré F. Can patients be trained to expect shared decision making in clinical consultations? Feasibility study of a public library program to raise patient awareness. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208449. [PMID: 30540833 PMCID: PMC6291239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Shared decision making (SDM) is a process whereby decisions are made together by patients and/or families and clinicians. Nevertheless, few patients are aware of its proven benefits. This study investigated the feasibility, acceptability and impact of an intervention to raise public awareness of SDM in public libraries. Materials and methods A 1.5 hour interactive workshop to be presented in public libraries was co-designed with Quebec City public library network officials, a science communication specialist and physicians. A clinical topic of maximum reach was chosen: antibiotic overuse in treatment of acute respiratory tract infections. The workshop content was designed and a format, whereby a physician presents the information and the science communication specialist invites questions and participation, was devised. The event was advertised to the general public. An evaluation form was used to collect data on participants’ sociodemographics, feasibility and acceptability components and assess a potential impact of the intervention. Facilitators held a post-workshop focus group to qualitatively assess feasibility, acceptability and impact. Results All 10 planned workshops were held. Out of 106 eligible public participants, 89 were included in the analysis. Most participants were women (77.6%), retired (46.1%) and over 45 (59.5%). Over 90% of participants considered the workshop content to be relevant, accessible, and clear. They reported substantial average knowledge gain about antibiotics (2.4, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 2.0–2.8; P < .001) and about SDM (4.0, 95% CI: 3.4–4.5; P < .001). Self-reported knowledge gain about SDM was significantly higher than about antibiotics (4.0 versus 2.4; P < .001). Knowledge gain did not vary by sociodemographic characteristics. The focus group confirmed feasibility and suggested improvements. Conclusions A public library intervention is feasible and effective way to increase public awareness of SDM and could be a new approach to implementing SDM by preparing potential patients to ask for it in the consulting room.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evehouenou Lionel Adisso
- Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Shared Decision Making and Knowledge Translation, Université Laval, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
- Centre de recherche sur les soins et les services de première ligne de l'Université Laval (CERSPUL), Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
| | - Valérie Borde
- Freelance science communication specialist, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
| | | | - Hubert Robitaille
- Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Shared Decision Making and Knowledge Translation, Université Laval, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
- Centre de recherche sur les soins et les services de première ligne de l'Université Laval (CERSPUL), Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
| | - Patrick Archambault
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
- Centre intégré de santé et services sociaux de Chaudière-Appalaches (site Hôtel-Dieu de Lévis), Lévis (QC, Canada)
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Hôpital St-François D’Assise, Quebec city (QC, Canada)
| | - Johanne Blais
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
| | - Cynthia Cameron
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
| | - Michel Cauchon
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
| | - Richard Fleet
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
| | - Jean-Simon Létourneau
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Hôpital St-François D’Assise, Quebec city (QC, Canada)
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
| | - Julien Quinty
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
| | - Isabelle Samson
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
| | - Alexandrine Boucher
- Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Shared Decision Making and Knowledge Translation, Université Laval, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
- Centre de recherche sur les soins et les services de première ligne de l'Université Laval (CERSPUL), Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
| | - Hervé Tchala Vignon Zomahoun
- Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Shared Decision Making and Knowledge Translation, Université Laval, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
- Quebec SPOR SUPPORT Unit, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
| | - France Légaré
- Tier 1 Canada Research Chair in Shared Decision Making and Knowledge Translation, Université Laval, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
- Centre de recherche sur les soins et les services de première ligne de l'Université Laval (CERSPUL), Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux (CIUSSS) de la Capitale-Nationale, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City (QC, Canada)
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Hôpital St-François D’Assise, Quebec city (QC, Canada)
- * E-mail:
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Lessard A, Lussier MT, Diallo FB, Labrecque M, Rhéaume C, Pluye P, Grad R. Drug samples in family medicine teaching units: a cross-sectional descriptive study: Part 2: portrait of drug sample management in Quebec. Can Fam Physician 2018; 64:e540-e545. [PMID: 30541820 PMCID: PMC6371884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To draw a portrait of drug sample management in academic primary health care settings and assess conformity to existing Canadian guidelines. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional survey. SETTING All 33 family medicine teaching units (FMTUs) in Quebec that kept drug samples. PARTICIPANTS Health care professionals or FMTU staff who managed drug samples (ie, managers). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Drug sample managers completed a self-administered questionnaire between February and December 2013. Questionnaires inquired about sample selection, procurement, reception, storage, inventory, and disposal. Results were compared with the Canada's Research-Based Pharmaceutical Companies Code of Ethical Practices (2012) and the Canadian Medical Association Guidelines for Physicians in Interactions with Industry (2007). RESULTS All 33 FMTUs responded to the questionnaire. According to managers, no FMTUs had written selection criteria to guide sample choice. Almost one-third (30%) of FMTUs had uncontrolled access to drug sample cabinets. Even though pharmaceutical companies must distribute drug samples to authorized professionals only, these professionals were involved in the procurement and the reception of samples in 79% and 56% of FMTUs, respectively. Only 15% of FMTUs kept track of samples distributed, 82% checked expiration dates, and 85% ensured proper disposal as recommended. CONCLUSION The management of drug samples in the FMTUs in Quebec is heterogeneous, with many FMTUs and pharmaceutical companies not following Canadian guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréa Lessard
- Clinician scientist in the Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec and at the Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean in Quebec
| | - Marie-Thérèse Lussier
- Full Professor in the Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine at the University of Montreal in Quebec, a member of the Équipe de recherche en soins de première ligne of the Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux de Laval in Quebec, Director of the University of Montreal Primary Care Research Network, Regional Network Director for the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network in Quebec, and a teacher and practising physician at the Cité de la Santé Family Medicine Teaching Unit in Laval
| | - Fatoumata Binta Diallo
- Research coordinator in the Équipe de recherche en soins de première ligne of the Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux de Laval and at the Cité de la Santé Family Medicine Teaching Unit.
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Professor Emeritus in the Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine at Laval University
| | - Caroline Rhéaume
- Clinical researcher in the Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec and in the Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine at Laval University
| | - Pierre Pluye
- Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at McGill University in Montreal
| | - Roland Grad
- Family physician in the Herzl Family Practice Centre in Montreal and Associate Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at McGill University
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Rhéaume C, Labrecque M, Moisan N, Rioux J, Tardieux É, Diallo FB, Lussier MT, Lessard A, Grad R, Pluye P. Drug samples in family medicine teaching units: a cross-sectional descriptive study: Part 1: drug sample management policies and the relationship between the pharmaceutical industry and residents in Quebec. Can Fam Physician 2018; 64:e531-e539. [PMID: 30541819 PMCID: PMC6371883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the existence and the level of health care professional (HCP) knowledge of local policies regarding drug sample use and the relationship between residents and the pharmaceutical industry in academic primary health care settings. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional survey. Health care providers were invited to complete a self-administered questionnaire on drug sample use between February and December 2013. Managers of drug samples were also asked to complete a specific questionnaire on drug sample management and policies and an inventory log sheet. Data about the existence of written policies were validated with health and social services centre (HSCC) directors or pharmacy departments and family medicine teaching unit (FMTU) directors between February and June 2014. SETTING All 42 FMTUs in Quebec. PARTICIPANTS All HCPs in the FMTUs authorized to hand out drug samples (practising physicians, residents, pharmacists, and nurses). Dispensers were defined as those who reported using drug samples. Managers were defined as HCPs or staff members who managed drug samples. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Existence of written policies on drug sample use in HSCCs and FMTUs; whether FMTUs applied the HSCC policies if they existed; whether dispensers were aware of the existence of the policies; and whether policies on the relationships between residents and pharmaceutical companies existed. RESULTS Among the 42 FMTUs, 33 (79%) kept drug samples. Of these, 30% (10 of 33) did not have policies about drug samples in the FMTU or in the HSCC. A total of 67% (579 of 859) of HCPs from these FMTUs reported using drug samples. Most dispensers did not know if a policy existed in their FMTU (n = 297; 51%) or their HSCC (n = 420; 73%). Eleven (26%) of the 42 FMTU directors reported having a policy regarding relationships between residents and the pharmaceutical industry. Most drug sample dispensers were not aware whether such a policy existed (n = 310; 54%). CONCLUSION Many FMTUs did not have policies regarding drug samples or relationships between residents and the pharmaceutical industry. Variation in use and management of drug samples and the lack of knowledge of HCPs about the existence of policies point to the need to implement uniform policies in all FMTUs in Quebec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Rhéaume
- Clinical researcher in the Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec and in the Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine at Laval University in Quebec
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Professor Emeritus in the Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine at Laval University
| | - Nadine Moisan
- Pharmacist, a clinical teacher, and Professor in the Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine at Laval University
| | - Jacky Rioux
- Research assistant in the Department of Family Medicine Emergency Medicine at Laval University at the time of the study
| | - Émilie Tardieux
- Research assistant in the Department of Family Medicine Emergency Medicine at Laval University at the time of the study
| | - Fatoumata Binta Diallo
- Research coordinator in the Équipe de recherche en soins de première ligne of the Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux de Laval and at the Cité de la Santé Family Medicine Teaching Unit.
| | - Marie-Thérèse Lussier
- Full Professor in the Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine at the University of Montreal in Quebec, a member of the Équipe de recherche en soins de première ligne du Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux de Laval, Director of the University of Montreal Primary Care Research Network, Regional Network Director for the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network in Quebec, and a teacher and practising physician at the Cité de la Santé Family Medicine Teaching Unit
| | - Andréa Lessard
- Clinical scientist in the Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec and at the Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean in Quebec
| | - Roland Grad
- Family physician in the Herzl Family Practice Centre in Montreal and Associate Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at McGill University
| | - Pierre Pluye
- Associate Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at McGill University
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Lussier MT, Diallo FB, Pluye P, Grad R, Lessard A, Rhéaume C, Labrecque M. Drug samples in family medicine teaching units: a cross-sectional descriptive study: Part 3: availability and use of drug samples in Quebec. Can Fam Physician 2018; 64:e546-e552. [PMID: 30541821 PMCID: PMC6371885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To draw a portrait of drug sample distribution and to assess the concordance between drug samples distributed and the medical problems encountered in the ambulatory primary health care setting. DESIGN Descriptive cross-sectional survey. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to all health care professionals (HCPs) in family medicine teaching units (FMTUs) that kept drug samples between February and December 2013. Dispensers were defined as HCPs reporting the use of drug samples. Concurrently, an inventory log sheet was completed by managers of drug samples to document the contents of sample cabinets. Data from the Canadian Disease and Therapeutic Index were used as the criterion standard to assess the consistency between the drug samples found in the cabinets and the profile of the most frequent health problems encountered in primary care. SETTING All 33 FMTUs that kept drug samples in Quebec. PARTICIPANTS Health care professionals authorized to hand out drug samples (practising physicians, residents, pharmacists, and nurses), and managers of drug sample cabinets. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Dispensing practices of HCPs; number of doses of each drug contained in the sample cabinets; total market value of the samples; concordance between the drug sample categories made available and the most common medical problems encountered in primary care; and data on safe handling, ethical issues, effect of the pharmaceutical industry on prescribing behaviour, and inventory of samples. RESULTS Among 859 HCPs, 579 (67%) reported dispensing drug samples. A large proportion of dispensers (88%) were unable to find the specific drug they sought and half of them (51%) provided the patients with a drug sample even if it was not their first choice for treatment. The drug sample cabinet inventory revealed products from 292 different companies and identified a total of 382 363 medication doses for a total value of $201 872. We found gaps among types of drugs provided to patients, those the HCPs would consider useful, and those available in the cabinets. CONCLUSION Drug samples available in FMTUs do not meet the needs of many patients and HCPs, suggesting that the main driving force for drug sample distribution is not patient care. Policies on drug samples in FMTUs should be uniform across the province, and management should be as strict as in community pharmacies. Otherwise, prohibiting their use should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Thérèse Lussier
- Full Professor in the Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine at the University of Montreal in Quebec, a member of the Équipe de recherche en soins de première ligne of the Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux de Laval, Director of the University of Montreal Primary Care Research Network, Regional Network Director for the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network in Quebec, and a teacher and practising physician at the Cité de la Santé Family Medicine Teaching Unit
| | - Fatoumata Binta Diallo
- Research coordinator in the Équipe de recherche en soins de première ligne of the Centre intégré de santé et de services sociaux de Laval and at the Cité de la Santé Family Medicine Teaching Unit.
| | - Pierre Pluye
- Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at McGill University in Montreal
| | - Roland Grad
- Family physician in the Herzl Family Practice Centre in Montreal and Associate Professor in the Department of Family Medicine at McGill University
| | - Andréa Lessard
- Clinical scientist in the Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec and at the Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux du Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean in Quebec
| | - Caroline Rhéaume
- Clinical researcher in the Centre de recherche de l'Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec and in the Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine at Laval University
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Professor Emeritus in the Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine at Laval University
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Rossignol M, Labrecque M, Cauchon M, Breton MC, Poirier P. Number of patients needed to prescribe statins in primary cardiovascular prevention: mirage and reality. Fam Pract 2018; 35:376-382. [PMID: 29267889 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cmx124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Number of patients needed to treat (NNT) with a statin in primary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) is often misinterpreted because this single statistic averages results from heterogeneous studies. OBJECTIVE To provide estimates of the number of individuals needed to be prescribed a statin to prevent one CHD event accounting for their level of CHD risk and for persistence to treatment. METHODS A post hoc analysis was conducted based on a Cochrane review on statins for the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Five-year NNTs were calculated separately from randomized clinical trials (RCTs), including 'lower' and 'higher' risk populations (CHD mean event rates of 3.7 and 14.4 per 1000 person-years, respectively). NNTs were adjusted for 5-year persistence to treatment using a value of 65%. RESULTS Persistence-adjusted 5-year NNTs to prevent one CHD for the lower and higher CHD risk categories were 146 [95% confidence interval (CI): 117-211] and 53 (95% CI: 39-88) respectively, values 25% and 15% higher than their unadjusted counterpart (117, 95% CI: 94-167 and 46, 95% CI: 34-78). CONCLUSIONS Five-year NNTs for statins to prevent a first CHD is almost three times higher in those at lower versus higher risk populations. Reporting combined results from RCTs including subjects at different cardiovascular risks should be avoided. Individualizing the risk of CHD should orient family physicians and their patients in their choice of preventive approaches and generate more realistic expectations about compliance and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Rossignol
- Quebec National Institute for Excellence in Health and Social Services (INESSS), Montreal, Canada.,Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Care, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michel Cauchon
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Care, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Breton
- Quebec National Institute for Excellence in Health and Social Services (INESSS), Montreal, Canada
| | - Paul Poirier
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
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Gonzalez E, Pitre FE, Pagé AP, Marleau J, Guidi Nissim W, St-Arnaud M, Labrecque M, Joly S, Yergeau E, Brereton NJB. Trees, fungi and bacteria: tripartite metatranscriptomics of a root microbiome responding to soil contamination. Microbiome 2018; 6:53. [PMID: 29562928 PMCID: PMC5863371 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-018-0432-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One method for rejuvenating land polluted with anthropogenic contaminants is through phytoremediation, the reclamation of land through the cultivation of specific crops. The capacity for phytoremediation crops, such as Salix spp., to tolerate and even flourish in contaminated soils relies on a highly complex and predominantly cryptic interacting community of microbial life. METHODS Here, Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing and de novo transcriptome assembly were used to observe gene expression in washed Salix purpurea cv. 'Fish Creek' roots from trees pot grown in petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated or non-contaminated soil. All 189,849 assembled contigs were annotated without a priori assumption as to sequence origin and differential expression was assessed. RESULTS The 839 contigs differentially expressed (DE) and annotated from S. purpurea revealed substantial increases in transcripts encoding abiotic stress response equipment, such as glutathione S-transferases, in roots of contaminated trees as well as the hallmarks of fungal interaction, such as SWEET2 (Sugars Will Eventually Be Exported Transporter). A total of 8252 DE transcripts were fungal in origin, with contamination conditions resulting in a community shift from Ascomycota to Basidiomycota genera. In response to contamination, 1745 Basidiomycota transcripts increased in abundance (the majority uniquely expressed in contaminated soil) including major monosaccharide transporter MST1, primary cell wall and lamella CAZy enzymes, and an ectomycorrhiza-upregulated exo-β-1,3-glucanase (GH5). Additionally, 639 DE polycistronic transcripts from an uncharacterised Enterobacteriaceae species were uniformly in higher abundance in contamination conditions and comprised a wide spectrum of genes cryptic under laboratory conditions but considered putatively involved in eukaryotic interaction, biofilm formation and dioxygenase hydrocarbon degradation. CONCLUSIONS Fungal gene expression, representing the majority of contigs assembled, suggests out-competition of white rot Ascomycota genera (dominated by Pyronema), a sometimes ectomycorrhizal (ECM) Ascomycota (Tuber) and ECM Basidiomycota (Hebeloma) by a poorly characterised putative ECM Basidiomycota due to contamination. Root and fungal expression involved transcripts encoding carbohydrate/amino acid (C/N) dialogue whereas bacterial gene expression included the apparatus necessary for biofilm interaction and direct reduction of contamination stress, a potential bacterial currency for a role in tripartite mutualism. Unmistakable within the metatranscriptome is the degree to which the landscape of rhizospheric biology, particularly the important but predominantly uncharacterised fungal genetics, is yet to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gonzalez
- Canadian Center for Computational Genomics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Center, Montréal, H3A 1A4, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, H3A 1B1, Canada
| | - F E Pitre
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - A P Pagé
- Aquatic and Crop Resource Development (ACRD), National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
| | - J Marleau
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - W Guidi Nissim
- Department of Agri-food and Environmental Science, University of Florence, Viale delle Idee, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
| | - M St-Arnaud
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - M Labrecque
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - S Joly
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
- Montreal Botanical Garden, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - E Yergeau
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Laval, QC, Canada
| | - N J B Brereton
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
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Kou S, Vincent G, Gonzalez E, Pitre FE, Labrecque M, Brereton NJB. The Response of a 16S Ribosomal RNA Gene Fragment Amplified Community to Lead, Zinc, and Copper Pollution in a Shanghai Field Trial. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:366. [PMID: 29545788 PMCID: PMC5838024 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Industrial and agricultural activities have caused extensive metal contamination of land throughout China and across the globe. The pervasive nature of metal pollution can be harmful to human health and can potentially cause substantial negative impact to the biosphere. To investigate the impact of anthropogenic metal pollution found in high concentrations in industrial, agricultural, and urban environments, 16S ribosomal RNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to track change in the amplified microbial community after metal contamination in a large-scale field experiment in Shanghai. A total of 1,566 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified from 448,108 sequences gathered from 20 plots treated as controls or with lead, zinc, copper, or all three metals. Constrained Analysis of Principal Coordinates ordination did not separate control and lead treatment but could separate control/lead, zinc, copper, and three metal treatment. DESeq2 was applied to identify 93 significantly differentially abundant OTUs varying in 211 pairwise instances between the treatments. Differentially abundant OTUs representing genera or species belonging to the phyla Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Latescibacteria, and Planctomycetes were almost universally reduced in abundance due to zinc, copper, or three metal treatment; with three metal treatment abolishing the detection of some OTUs, such as Leptolyngbya, Desmonostoc muscorum, and Microcoleus steenstrupii. The greatest increases due to metal treatment were observed in Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Chlamydiae, Nitrospirae, and Proteobacteria (α, β, δ, and γ); the most (relative) abundant being uncharacterized species within the genera Methylobacillus, Solirubrobacter, and Ohtaekwangia. Three metal treatment alone resulted in identification of 22 OTUs (genera or species) which were not detected in control soil, notably including Yonghaparkia alkaliphila, Pedobacter steynii, Pseudolabrys taiwanensis, Methylophilus methylotrophus, Nitrosospira, and Lysobacter mobilis. The capacity to track alterations of an amplified microbial community at high taxonomic resolution using modern bioinformatic approaches, as well as identifying where that resolution is lost for technical or biological reasons, provides an insight into the complexity of the microbial world resisting anthropogenic pollution. While functional assessment of uncharacterized organisms within environmental samples is technically challenging, an important step is observing those organisms able to tolerate extreme stress and to recognize the extent to which important amplifiable community members still require characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumeng Kou
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Gilles Vincent
- Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai, China
| | - Emmanuel Gonzalez
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Frederic E. Pitre
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Montreal Botanical Garden, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Montreal Botanical Garden, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Yergeau E, Tremblay J, Joly S, Labrecque M, Maynard C, Pitre FE, St-Arnaud M, Greer CW. Soil contamination alters the willow root and rhizosphere metatranscriptome and the root-rhizosphere interactome. ISME J 2018; 12:869-884. [PMID: 29330533 PMCID: PMC5864237 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-017-0018-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Phytoremediation using willows is thought to be a sustainable alternative to traditional remediation techniques involving excavation, transport, and landfilling. However, the complexity of the interaction between the willow and its associated highly diverse microbial communities makes the optimization of phytoremediation very difficult. Here, we have sequenced the rhizosphere metatranscriptome of four willow species and the plant root metatranscriptome for two willow species growing in petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated and non-contaminated soils on a former petroleum refinery site. Significant differences in the abundance of transcripts related to different bacterial and fungal taxa were observed between willow species, mostly in contaminated soils. When comparing transcript abundance in contaminated vs. non-contaminated soil for each willow species individually, transcripts for many microbial taxa and functions were significantly more abundant in contaminated rhizosphere soil for Salix eriocephala, S. miyabeana and S. purpurea, in contrast to what was observed in the rhizosphere of S. caprea. This agrees with the previously reported sensitivity of S. caprea to contamination, and the superior tolerance of S. miyabeana and S. purpurea to soil contamination at that site. The root metatranscriptomes of two species were compared and revealed that plants transcripts are mainly influenced by willow species, while microbial transcripts mainly responded to contamination. A comparison of the rhizosphere and root metatranscriptomes in the S. purpurea species revealed a complete reorganization of the linkages between root and rhizosphere pathways when comparing willows growing in contaminated and non-contaminated soils, mainly because of large shifts in the rhizosphere metatranscriptome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Yergeau
- Centre INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université du Québec, Laval, QC, Canada.
| | - Julien Tremblay
- National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Joly
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Jardin botanique de Montréal et Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Jardin botanique de Montréal et Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Christine Maynard
- National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Frederic E Pitre
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Jardin botanique de Montréal et Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marc St-Arnaud
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Jardin botanique de Montréal et Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Charles W Greer
- National Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Smedbol É, Gomes MP, Paquet S, Labrecque M, Lepage L, Lucotte M, Juneau P. Effects of low concentrations of glyphosate-based herbicide factor 540 ® on an agricultural stream freshwater phytoplankton community. Chemosphere 2018; 192:133-141. [PMID: 29100121 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.10.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Residual glyphosate from glyphosate based herbicides (GBH) are ubiquitously detected in streams draining agricultural fields, and may affect phytoplankton communities present in these ecosystems. Here, the effects of the exposure (96 h) of a phytoplankton community collected in an agricultural stream to various glyphosate concentrations (1, 5, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 μg l-1) of Factor 540® GBH were investigated. The lowest GBH concentration of 1 μg l-1 reduced chlorophyll a and carotenoid contents. Low glyphosate concentrations, such as 5 and 10 μg l-1, promoted changes in the community's structure and reduced the diversity of the main algal species. At glyphosate concentrations ranging from 50 to 1000 μg l-1, the phytoplankton community's composition was modified and new main species appeared. The highest glyphosate concentrations (500 and 1000 μg l-1) affected the shikimate content, the lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase and ascorbate peroxidase). These results indicate that GBH can modify structural and functional properties of freshwater phytoplankton communities living in streams located in agricultural areas at glyphosate concentrations much inferior to the 800 μg l-1 threshold set by the Canadian guidelines for the protection of aquatic life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élise Smedbol
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences Biologiques - GRIL - TOXEN, Laboratory of Aquatic Microorganism Ecotoxicology, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement & GEOTOP, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences Biologiques - GRIL - TOXEN, Laboratory of Aquatic Microorganism Ecotoxicology, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Serge Paquet
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement & GEOTOP, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Université de Montréal, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, 4101, Rue Sherbrooke Est, H1X 2B2, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Lepage
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement & GEOTOP, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Lucotte
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement & GEOTOP, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences Biologiques - GRIL - TOXEN, Laboratory of Aquatic Microorganism Ecotoxicology, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Desjardins D, Brereton NJB, Marchand L, Brisson J, Pitre FE, Labrecque M. Complementarity of three distinctive phytoremediation crops for multiple-trace element contaminated soil. Sci Total Environ 2018; 610-611:1428-1438. [PMID: 28873664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.08.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Trace element (TE) contaminated land represents an important risk to the environment and to human health worldwide. These soils usually contain a variety of TEs which can be a challenge for plant-based remediation options. As individual plant species often possess a limited range of TE remediation abilities, functional complementarity principles could be of value for remediation of soil contaminated by multiple TEs using assemblages of species. Monocultures and polycultures of Festuca arundinacea, Medicago sativa and Salix miyabeana were grown for 4months in aged-polluted soil contaminated by Ag, As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Se and Zn. Above and belowground biomass yields, root surface area (RSA) and TE tissue concentrations were recorded. In monoculture, the greatest aboveground biomass was produced by S. miyabeana (S), the greatest belowground biomass was from M. sativa (M) and F. arundinacea (F) produced the highest RSA. The polycultures of F+M, F+S and F+M+S produced among the highest values across all three traits. F. arundinacea monoculture and its combination with S. miyabeana (F+S) accumulated the highest amounts of total TEs in belowground tissues, whereas the most effective combination (or monoculture) for aboveground extraction yields varied depending on the TE considered. The crops demonstrated complementarity in their biomass allocation patterns as well as facilitative interactions. When considering contamination with a particular TE, the best phytomanagement approach could include a specific monoculture option; however, when above and belowground biomass allocation patterns, TE-remediation abilities as well as nitrogen accessibility are considered, co-cropping all three species (F+M+S) was the most robust scenario for remediation of multiple-TE contaminated land. By more effectively addressing a diversity of TE, species assemblage approaches could represent an important advancement towards enabling the use of plants to address contaminated-land issues worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Desjardins
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Nicholas J B Brereton
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada.
| | - Lilian Marchand
- INRA, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, 69 route d'Arcachon, FR-33612 Cestas cedex, France; University of Bordeaux, UMR 1202 BIOGECO, Bat B2, Allée Geoffroy St-Hilaire, CS50023, FR-33615 Pessac cedex, France
| | - Jacques Brisson
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Frédéric E Pitre
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; Montreal Botanical Garden, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada; Montreal Botanical Garden, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, QC H1X 2B2, Canada
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41
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Hénault-Ethier L, Lucotte M, Moingt M, Paquet S, Maccario S, Smedbol É, Gomes MP, Lepage L, Juneau P, Labrecque M. Herbaceous or Salix miyabeana 'SX64' narrow buffer strips as a means to minimize glyphosate and aminomethylphosphonic acid leaching from row crop fields. Sci Total Environ 2017; 598:1177-1186. [PMID: 28505881 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.04.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide and is now frequently detected in surface waters of agricultural regions, notably in Quebec (Canada). Numerous legislations require vegetated riparian buffer strips (RBS) along agricultural streams. Quebec policy requires 3-meter-wide RBS. The present study evaluates the efficiency of narrow herbaceous and low- or high-density (33,333 and 55,556stumps/ha) willow, Salix miyabeana 'SX64', RBS, to minimize leaching of glyphosate and its main degradation product (AMPA) from agricultural fields to streams. Our study compared triplicate treatments of herbaceous and willow-planted RBS located in an organic-rich soil at Boisbriand (BB) and in a mineral soil at Saint-Roch-de-l'Achigan (SR). Runoff water was sampled with surface collectors and interstitial water was collected with 35cm or 70cm tension lysimeters. Potential efficiency of the RBS is reported as the percent reduction between edge-of-field and edge-of-stream concentrations in runoff and interstitial waters. Neither glyphosate nor AMPA in runoff were significantly intercepted by the RBS. After field herbicide spraying, glyphosate measured in SR surface soils (0-20cm) was on average 210μg·kg-1 dw (range from undetected to ≤317μg·kg-1 dw). Glyphosate was found to be persistent and its infiltration towards groundwater may be enhanced by the RBS. Contrary to runoff trends, soil glyphosate was significantly less concentrated on the SR edge-of-stream compared to edge-of-field (27-54% potential efficiency). The potential efficiency of herbaceous, low- and high-density willow RBS were undifferentiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Hénault-Ethier
- Université du Québec à Montréal, GEOTOP & Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, CP 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada.
| | - Marc Lucotte
- Université du Québec à Montréal, GEOTOP & Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, CP 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Matthieu Moingt
- Université du Québec à Montréal, GEOTOP & Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, CP 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Serge Paquet
- Université du Québec à Montréal, GEOTOP & Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, CP 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Sophie Maccario
- Université du Québec à Montréal, GEOTOP & Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, CP 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Élise Smedbol
- Université du Québec à Montréal, GEOTOP & Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, CP 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Marcelo Pedrosa Gomes
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences Biologiques, TOXEN - GRIL, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, CP 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Laurent Lepage
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'Environnement, CP 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences Biologiques, TOXEN - GRIL, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, CP 8888, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Université de Montréal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, 4101 Sherbrooke Est, Montréal, Québec H1X 2B2, Canada.
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Smedbol É, Lucotte M, Labrecque M, Lepage L, Juneau P. Phytoplankton growth and PSII efficiency sensitivity to a glyphosate-based herbicide (Factor 540 ®). Aquat Toxicol 2017; 192:265-273. [PMID: 28992597 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The use of glyphosate-based herbicides in agriculture has increased steadily since the mid 90's and there is now evidence of glyphosate leaching and contamination of aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide (Factor 540®) on growth and photosynthetic capacity of algae and cyanobacteria. Six algal and three cyanobacterial species/strains, of three different taxonomic groups, were exposed to five glyphosate concentrations (10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000μgl-1) during 48h. All species have significant growth inhibition at concentrations varying between 50 and 500μgl-1. The photosynthetic response, after glyphosate exposure, varied among species, but a general pattern has emerged. There was an increase in the amount of photons absorbed (ABS/RC), in dissipated (DIO/RC) and trapped (TRO/RC) energy in the photosystem II reaction centers, along with a decreased of the maximum photosystem II quantum yield (FV/FM) and electron transport per reaction center (ETO/RC). The EC50 and LOEC values for growth and photosynthesis were calculated and established that growth was the most affected parameter by glyphosate-based herbicide, while parameter TRO/RC was the least affected. All species showed reduced growth at glyphosate concentrations lower than the Canadian standard for the protection of aquatic life, set at 800μgl-1 or the American aquatic life benchmark for acute toxicity in non vascular plants of 12 100μgl-1 questioning the validity of these thresholds in assessing the risks related to the presence of glyphosate and glyphosate-based herbicides in aquatic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Élise Smedbol
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences biologiques - GRIL-TOXEN, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marc Lucotte
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Université de Montréal, Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, 4101, Rue Sherbrooke Est, H1X 2B2, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Laurent Lepage
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences biologiques - GRIL-TOXEN, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Gomes MP, Maccario S, Le Manac'h SG, Lucotte M, Moingt M, Paquet S, Labrecque M, Juneau P. Comments on the "Glyphosate herbicide residue determination in samples of environmental importance using spectrophotometric method". J Hazard Mater 2017; 340:487-489. [PMID: 28457666 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M P Gomes
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences biologiques - GRIL - TOXEN, Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, Caixa Postal 486, 31270-970, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - S Maccario
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement & GEOTOP, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - S G Le Manac'h
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences biologiques - GRIL - TOXEN, Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M Lucotte
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement & GEOTOP, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M Moingt
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement & GEOTOP, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - S Paquet
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Institut des Sciences de l'environnement & GEOTOP, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M Labrecque
- Université de Montréal, Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, 4101 Sherbrooke East, H1X 2B2, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - P Juneau
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Département des Sciences biologiques - GRIL - TOXEN, Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, Succ. Centre-Ville, C.P. 8888, H3C 3P8, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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44
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Courchesne F, Turmel MC, Cloutier-Hurteau B, Tremblay G, Munro L, Masse J, Labrecque M. Soil trace element changes during a phytoremediation trial with willows in southern Québec, Canada. Int J Phytoremediation 2017; 19:632-642. [PMID: 28084781 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1278422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the changes in trace elements (TE) (As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) chemistry in the soils of a willow ("Fish Creek" - Salix purpurea, SV1 - Salix x dasyclados and SX67 - Salix miyabeana) plantation growing under a cold climate during a three-year trial. The soil HNO3-extractable and H2O-soluble TE concentrations and pools significantly decreased under most cultivars (Fish, SX67). Yet, TE changes showed inconsistent patterns and localized soil TE increases (Ni, Pb) were measured. Temporal changes in soil TE were also detected in control plots and sometimes exceeded changes in planted plots. Discrepancies existed between the amount of soil TE change and the amount of TE uptake by willows, except for Cd and Zn. Phytoremediation with willows could reduce soil Cd and Zn within a decadal timeframe indicating that they can be remediated by willows in moderately contaminated soils. However, the time needed to reduce soil As, Cu, Ni and Pb was too long to be efficient. We submit that soil leaching contributed to the TE decrease in controls and the TE discrepancies, and that the plantation could have secondary effects such as the accelerated leaching of soil TE.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Courchesne
- a Département de Géographie , Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Turmel
- a Département de Géographie , Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | | | - Gilbert Tremblay
- a Département de Géographie , Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Lara Munro
- a Département de Géographie , Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Jacynthe Masse
- b Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin Botanique de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- b Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Université de Montréal and Jardin Botanique de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
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45
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Miller S, Couture S, James G, Plourde S, Rioux J, Labrecque M. Unilateral absence of vas deferens: prevalence among 23.013 men seeking vasectomy. Int Braz J Urol 2017; 42:1010-1017. [PMID: 27509370 PMCID: PMC5066900 DOI: 10.1590/s1677-5538.ibju.2015.0717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To determine the prevalence of unilateral absence of vas deferens (UAVD) in men with both testes seeking vasectomy. Materials and Methods: Computerized charts of 23,013 patients encountered between January 1994 and December 2013 in one university hospital and two community clinics of Quebec City, Canada, were searched. Pre-vasectomy consultation, operative reports and semen analysis results were reviewed to identify cases of UAVD. Cases were categorized as confirmed (unilateral vasectomy and success confirmed by semen analysis) or possible congenital UAVD further sub-categorized according to whether or not a scrotal anomaly was present. Results: Among 159 men identified as potentially having UAVD, chart review revealed that 47 had only one testicle, 26 had bilateral vasa, and four were misdiagnosed (post-vasectomy semen analysis [PVSA] showing motile sperm after unilateral vasectomy) leaving 82 men deemed cases of UAVD (0.36%, 95% confidence interval 0.28% to 0.43%). These were classified as confirmed (n=48, 0.21%) and possible (n=34, 0.15%; 22 without and 12 with scrotal anomalies) congenital UAVD. The misdiagnosis ratio of UAVD was low when scrotal content was otherwise normal (1:48), but higher if anomalies were present (3:12). Conclusions: Most surgeons who perform vasectomy will encounter cases of UAVD. In most suspected cases, it is safe and effective to proceed with unilateral vasectomy under local anesthesia while stressing the need for PVSA. Further studies or scrotal exploration may be considered in patient with prior scrotal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Miller
- The Institute for Family Health and Montefiore Medical Center's Department of Social and Family Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Sophie Couture
- Research Centre of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Gareth James
- Danetre Medical Practice, Daventry, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Plourde
- Clinique médicale Pierre-Bertrand, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Jacky Rioux
- Research Centre of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Research Centre of the CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, Quebec City, Canada.,Clinique médicale Pierre-Bertrand, Quebec City, Canada
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Yanitch A, Brereton NJB, Gonzalez E, Labrecque M, Joly S, Pitre FE. Transcriptomic Response of Purple Willow ( Salix purpurea) to Arsenic Stress. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1115. [PMID: 28702037 PMCID: PMC5487440 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic (As) is a toxic element for plants and one of the most common anthropogenic pollutants found at contaminated sites. Despite its severe effects on plant metabolism, several species can accumulate substantial amounts of arsenic and endure the associated stress. However, the genetic mechanisms involved in arsenic tolerance remains obscure in many model plant species used for land decontamination (phytoremediation), including willows. The present study assesses the potential of Salix purpurea cv. 'Fish Creek' for arsenic phytoextraction and reveals the genetic responses behind arsenic tolerance, phytoextraction and metabolism. Four weeks of hydroponic exposure to 0, 5, 30 and 100 mg/L revealed that plants were able to tolerate up to 5 mg/L arsenic. Concentrations of 0 and 5 mg/L of arsenic treatment were then used to compare alterations in gene expression of roots, stems and leaves using RNA sequencing. Differential gene expression revealed transcripts encoding proteins putatively involved in entry of arsenic into the roots, storage in vacuoles and potential transport through the plant as well as primary and secondary (indirect) toxicity tolerance mechanisms. A major role for tannin as a compound used to relieve cellular toxicity is implicated as well as unexpected expression of the cadmium transporter CAX2, providing a potential means for internal arsenic mobility. These insights into the underpinning genetics of a successful phytoremediating species present novel opportunities for selection of dedicated arsenic tolerant crops as well as the potential to integrate such tolerances into a wider Salix ideotype alongside traits including biomass yield, biomass quality, low agricultural inputs and phytochemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aymeric Yanitch
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, University of MontrealMontréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Emmanuel Gonzalez
- Canadian Centre for Computational Genomics, C3G Montreal Node, McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation CentreMontréal, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, University of MontrealMontréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Botanical GardenMontréal, QC, Canada
| | - Simon Joly
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, University of MontrealMontréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Botanical GardenMontréal, QC, Canada
| | - Frederic E. Pitre
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, University of MontrealMontréal, QC, Canada
- Montreal Botanical GardenMontréal, QC, Canada
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Courchesne F, Turmel MC, Cloutier-Hurteau B, Constantineau S, Munro L, Labrecque M. Phytoextraction of soil trace elements by willow during a phytoremediation trial in Southern Québec, Canada. Int J Phytoremediation 2017; 19:545-554. [PMID: 27996300 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1267700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The phytoextraction of the trace elements (TEs) As, Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn by willow cultivars (Fish Creek, SV1 and SX67) was measured during a 3-year field trial in a mildly contaminated soil. Biomass ranged from 2.8 to 4.4 Mg/ha/year at 30,000 plants/ha. Shoots (62%) were the main component followed by leaves (23%) and roots (15%). Biomass was positively linked to soluble soil dissolved organic carbon, K, and Mg, while TEs, not Cd and Zn, had a negative effect. The TE concentration ranking was: Zn > Cu > Cd > Ni, Pb > As, and distribution patterns were: (i) minima in shoots (As, Ni), (ii) maxima in leaves (Cd, Zn), or (iii) maxima in roots (Cu, Pb). Correlations between soil and plant TE were significant for the six TEs in roots. The amounts extracted were at a maximum for Zn, whereas Fish Creek and SV1 extracted more TE than SX67. More than 60% (91-94% for Cd and Zn) of the total TE was in the aboveground parts. Uptake increased with time because of higher biomass. Fertilization, the selection of cultivars, and the use of complementary plants are required to improve productivity and Cd and Zn uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Courchesne
- a Département de géographie , Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Turmel
- a Département de géographie , Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | | | - Simon Constantineau
- a Département de géographie , Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Lara Munro
- a Département de géographie , Université de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- b Institut de recherche en biologie végétale , Université de Montréal and Jardin botanique de Montréal , Montréal , QC , Canada
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Légaré F, Freitas A, Turcotte S, Borduas F, Jacques A, Luconi F, Godin G, Boucher A, Sargeant J, Labrecque M. Responsiveness of a simple tool for assessing change in behavioral intention after continuing professional development activities. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176678. [PMID: 28459836 PMCID: PMC5411052 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuing professional development (CPD) activities are one way that new knowledge can be translated into changes in practice. However, few tools are available for evaluating the extent to which these activities change health professionals' behavior. We developed a questionnaire called CPD-Reaction for assessing the impact of CPD activities on health professionals' clinical behavioral intentions. We evaluated its responsiveness to change in behavioral intention and verified its acceptability among stakeholders. METHODS AND FINDINGS We enrolled 376 health professionals who completed CPD-Reaction before and immediately after attending a CPD activity. We contacted them three months later and asked them to self-report on any behavior change. We compared the mean rankings on each CPD-Reaction construct before and immediately after CPD activities. To estimate its predictive validity, we compared the median behavioral intention score (post-activity) of health professionals reporting a behavior change three months later with the median behavioral intention score of physicians who reported no change. We explored stakeholders' views on CPD-Reaction in semi-structured interviews. Participants were mostly family physicians (62.2%), with an average of 19 years of clinical practice. Post-activity, we observed an increase in intention-related scores for all constructs (P < 0.001) with the most appreciable for the construct beliefs about capabilities. A total of 313 participants agreed to be contacted at follow up, and of these only 69 (22%) reported back. Of these, 43 (62%) self-reported a behavior change. We observed no statistically significant difference in intention between health professionals who later reported a behavior change and those who reported no change (P = 0.30). Overall, CPD stakeholders found the CPD-Reaction questionnaire of interest and suggested potential solutions to perceived barriers to its implementation. CONCLUSION The CPD-Reaction questionnaire seems responsive to change in behavioral intention. Although CPD stakeholders found it interesting, future implementation will require addressing barriers they identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- France Légaré
- CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Family Medicine and Emergency Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | | | | | - Francine Borduas
- Office of the Vice-Dean of Education and Continuing Professional Development, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Jacques
- Advisor in Continuing Professional Development, Saint-Adolphe-d’Howard, Quebec, Canada
| | - Francesca Luconi
- Continuing Health Professional Education Office, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gaston Godin
- Faculty of Nursing, Université Laval, Quebec City, Quebec, Canada
| | - Andrée Boucher
- Centre de pédagogie appliquée aux sciences de la santé, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Joan Sargeant
- Division of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Nguyen TXT, Amyot M, Labrecque M. Differential effects of plant root systems on nickel, copper and silver bioavailability in contaminated soil. Chemosphere 2017; 168:131-138. [PMID: 27776231 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of diverse plant species (four herbaceous and four woody species) on the labile pool of six metals (Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni and Se) present in their rhizosphere. After three months of cultivation, concentrations of trace elements (TE) in above and below-ground biomass of each species were determined. The labile and presumably bioavailable fraction of these TE in the rhizosphere as well as key soil parameters (e.g. pH, electrical conductivity (EC), percent of organic matter and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)) were also measured and compared as a function of plant species. The concentration of TE in plant tissues differed among species. In general and as expected, concentrations were higher in root tissues of tested plants than in above-ground tissues. While the labile pool of several TE in the rhizosphere, notably Ag, Ni, and Cu, was significantly and differently affected by the presence of the plants, pH, EC and percentage of organic matter remained unchanged. In contrast, DOC was higher in the rhizosphere of all tested plants than in soil of the control pots without plants. In addition, there was a positive relationship between Ni and Cu availability concentrations, and DOC levels. This suggests that root systems of different species can have a distinct influence on soil DOC and consequently modify the labile pools of Ni and Cu in the rhizosphere. These findings have important implications for plant selection in phytoremediation projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Xuan Trang Nguyen
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada; Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 90 Vincent d'Indy, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Marc Amyot
- Département de sciences biologiques, Université de Montréal, 90 Vincent d'Indy, Montréal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de recherche en biologie végétale, Université de Montréal, 4101 Sherbrooke East, Montreal, QC, H1X 2B2, Canada.
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Gomes MP, Le Manac’h SG, Hénault-Ethier L, Labrecque M, Lucotte M, Juneau P. Glyphosate-Dependent Inhibition of Photosynthesis in Willow. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:207. [PMID: 28261257 PMCID: PMC5314154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We studied the physiological mechanisms involved in the deleterious effects of a glyphosate-based herbicide (Factor® 540) on photosynthesis and related physiological processes of willow (Salix miyabeana cultivar SX64) plants. Sixty-day-old plants grown under greenhouse conditions were sprayed with different rates (0, 1.4, 2.1, and 2.8 kg a.e ha-1) of the commercial glyphosate formulated salt Factor® 540. Evaluations were performed at 0, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h after herbicide exposure. We established that the herbicide decreases chlorophyll, carotenoid and plastoquinone contents, and promotes changes in the photosynthetic apparatus leading to decreased photochemistry which results in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation. H2O2 accumulation triggers proline production which can be associated with oxidative protection, NADP+ recovery and shikimate pathway stimulation. Ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione peroxidase appeared to be the main peroxidases involved in the H2O2 scavenging. In addition to promoting decreases of the activity of the antioxidant enzymes, the herbicide induced decreases in ascorbate pool. For the first time, a glyphosate-based herbicide mode of action interconnecting its effects on shikimate pathway, photosynthetic process and oxidative events in plants were presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo P. Gomes
- Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, GRIL, TOXEN, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, MontréalQC, Canada
- Laboratório de Fisiologia Vegetal, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Marcelo P. Gomes, Philippe Juneau,
| | - Sarah G. Le Manac’h
- Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, GRIL, TOXEN, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, MontréalQC, Canada
| | - Louise Hénault-Ethier
- Institut des Sciences de l’Environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, MontréalQC, Canada
| | - Michel Labrecque
- Institut de Recherche en Biologie Végétale, Montreal Botanical Garden, MontréalQC, Canada
| | - Marc Lucotte
- Institut des Sciences de l’Environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, MontréalQC, Canada
| | - Philippe Juneau
- Ecotoxicology of Aquatic Microorganisms Laboratory, GRIL, TOXEN, Department of Biological Sciences, Université du Québec à Montréal, MontréalQC, Canada
- Institut des Sciences de l’Environnement, Université du Québec à Montréal, MontréalQC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Marcelo P. Gomes, Philippe Juneau,
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