1
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Magnussen OM, Drnec J, Qiu C, Martens I, Huang JJ, Chattot R, Singer A. In Situ and Operando X-ray Scattering Methods in Electrochemistry and Electrocatalysis. Chem Rev 2024; 124:629-721. [PMID: 38253355 PMCID: PMC10870989 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Electrochemical and electrocatalytic processes are of key importance for the transition to a sustainable energy supply as well as for a wide variety of other technologically relevant fields. Further development of these processes requires in-depth understanding of the atomic, nano, and micro scale structure of the materials and interfaces in electrochemical devices under reaction conditions. We here provide a comprehensive review of in situ and operando studies by X-ray scattering methods, which are powerful and highly versatile tools to provide such understanding. We discuss the application of X-ray scattering to a wide variety of electrochemical systems, ranging from metal and oxide single crystals to nanoparticles and even full devices. We show how structural data on bulk phases, electrode-electrolyte interfaces, and nanoscale morphology can be obtained and describe recent developments that provide highly local information and insight into the composition and electronic structure. These X-ray scattering studies yield insights into the structure in the double layer potential range as well as into the structural evolution during electrocatalytic processes and phase formation reactions, such as nucleation and growth during electrodeposition and dissolution, the formation of passive films, corrosion processes, and the electrochemical intercalation into battery materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf M. Magnussen
- Kiel
University, Institute of Experimental and
Applied Physics, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht-Haensel
Laboratory, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- ESRF,
Experiments Division, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Canrong Qiu
- Kiel
University, Institute of Experimental and
Applied Physics, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Jason J. Huang
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Raphaël Chattot
- ICGM,
Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Andrej Singer
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell
University, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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2
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Amirbeigiarab R, Magnussen OM. In situ scanning tunneling microscopy studies of carbonate-induced restructuring of Ag-decorated Cu(100) electrodes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:24871-24877. [PMID: 37680172 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02766j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Ag-decorated Cu electrocatalysts are of great interest for electrochemical CO2 reduction, because of an increased yield of multi-carbon products. Here, we present studies of well-defined AgCu electrodes by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy. These bimetallic model electrocatalysts are prepared by electrodepositing submonolayer Ag coverages on Cu(100) in 0.1 M H2SO4, resulting in monolayer islands with a hexagonal quasi-Ag(111) atomic lattice. Upon exchanging the solution at potentials in the double layer range to 0.1 M KHCO3, pronounced Ag island restructuring towards anisotropic shapes, the nucleation and growth of new islands, and a strong reduction in surface mobility are observed. In addition, high-resolution images reveal a highly disordered molecular adlayer, contrary to the case of Ag-free Cu(100) electrodes. These observations can be explained by interactions of metal adatoms with adsorbed (bi)carbonate and show that Ag redispersion on Cu electrocatalysts may occur even in the absence of CO2 reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Amirbeigiarab
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
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3
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Fuchs T, Briega-Martos V, Drnec J, Stubb N, Martens I, Calle-Vallejo F, Harrington DA, Cherevko S, Magnussen OM. Anodic and Cathodic Platinum Dissolution Processes Involve Different Oxide Species. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304293. [PMID: 37341165 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
The degradation of Pt-containing oxygen reduction catalysts for fuel cell applications is strongly linked to the electrochemical surface oxidation and reduction of Pt. Here, we study the surface restructuring and Pt dissolution mechanisms during oxidation/reduction for the case of Pt(100) in 0.1 M HClO4 by combining operando high-energy surface X-ray diffraction, online mass spectrometry, and density functional theory. Our atomic-scale structural studies reveal that anodic dissolution, detected during oxidation, and cathodic dissolution, observed during the subsequent reduction, are linked to two different oxide phases. Anodic dissolution occurs predominantly during nucleation and growth of the first, stripe-like oxide. Cathodic dissolution is linked to a second, amorphous Pt oxide phase that resembles bulk PtO2 and starts to grow when the coverage of the stripe-like oxide saturates. In addition, we find the amount of surface restructuring after an oxidation/reduction cycle to be potential-independent after the stripe-like oxide has reached its saturation coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Fuchs
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
| | - Valentín Briega-Martos
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Cauerstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- Experimental division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Natalie Stubb
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Isaac Martens
- Experimental division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Federico Calle-Vallejo
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Department of Advanced Materials and Polymers: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Av. Tolosa 72, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Plaza de Euskadi 5, 48009, Bilbao, Spain
| | - David A Harrington
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Cauerstr. 1, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098, Kiel, Germany
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4
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Warias JE, Reise F, Hövelmann SC, Giri RP, Röhrl M, Kuhn J, Jacobsen M, Chatterjee K, Arnold T, Shen C, Festersen S, Sartori A, Jordt P, Magnussen OM, Lindhorst TK, Murphy BM. Photoinduced bidirectional switching in lipid membranes containing azobenzene glycolipids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11480. [PMID: 37455299 PMCID: PMC10350456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Following the reaction of biological membranes to external stimuli reveals fundamental insights into cellular function. Here, self-assembled lipid monolayers act as model membranes containing photoswitchable azobenzene glycolipids for investigating structural response during isomerization by combining Langmuir isotherms with X-ray scattering. Controlled in-situ trans/cis photoswitching of the azobenzene N = N double bond alters the DPPC monolayer structure, causing reproducible changes in surface pressure and layer thickness, indicating monolayer reorientation. Interestingly, for monolayers containing azobenzene glycolipids, along with the expected DPPC phase transitions an additional discontinuity is observed. The associated reorintation represents a crossover point, with the surface pressure and layer thickness changing in opposite directions above and below. This is evidence that the azobenzene glycolipids themselves change orientation within the monolayer. Such behaviour suggests that azobenzene glycolipids can act as a bidirectional switch in DPPC monolayers providing a tool to investigate membrane structure-function relationships in depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas E Warias
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Franziska Reise
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Svenja C Hövelmann
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Kiel University, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Rajendra P Giri
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Kiel University, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Röhrl
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jule Kuhn
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Malte Jacobsen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging Division, Lawrence Barkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Arnold
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 ODE, UK
- ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
- European Spallation Source ERIC, P.O Box 176, 221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Chen Shen
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sven Festersen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrea Sartori
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
- ESRF-The European Synchrotron, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Philipp Jordt
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118, Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Kiel University, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thisbe K Lindhorst
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Bridget M Murphy
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Kiel University, 24118, Kiel, Germany.
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5
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Kattwinkel L, Magnussen OM. Influence of coverage on adsorbate diffusion measurements at electrode surfaces by in situ linear optical diffraction. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:2884905. [PMID: 37093134 DOI: 10.1063/5.0143049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In situ linear optical diffraction is a new method for studies of surface mass transport in electrochemical environments that is based on the equilibration of coverage gratings in an adlayer on the electrode surface. We, here, discuss the temporal evolution of the diffraction intensity on the basis of experimental data for sulfur adsorbates on Pt(111) electrodes in 0.1M H2SO4 and simulations of the time-dependent diffusion profiles. At low and medium sulfur coverage, the decay of the signal exhibits two time scales, which can be explained by the influence of coverage-dependent diffusion rates on the evolution of gratings with large coverage modulation. At high coverage, a further ultra-slow decay process or even a complete termination of the decay is observed, which we attribute to the presence of high-density, ordered, adlayer phases with low sulfur mobility. These results provide insight into the approaches required for extracting quantitative surface transport rates from linear optical diffraction measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Kattwinkel
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstraße 19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstraße 19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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6
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Kattwinkel L, Magnussen OM. Measurement of Surface Diffusion at the Electrochemical Interface by In Situ Linear Optical Diffraction. ACS Meas Sci Au 2023; 3:98-102. [PMID: 37090255 PMCID: PMC10120029 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A new in situ method for measuring the surface diffusion rates of adsorbates on electrode surfaces in electrolyte solution is presented. The method is based on the generation of a periodic spatial modulation of the adsorbate coverage via interfering laser pulses and subsequent monitoring of the diffusion-induced decay of this pattern using the optical diffraction signal of a second laser. Proof-of-principle measurements of the surface diffusion of adsorbed sulfur on Pt(111) electrodes in 0.1 M H2SO4 indicate potential- and coverage-dependent diffusion constants that are significantly higher than those of sulfur on Pt(111) under vacuum conditions.
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7
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Fuchs T, Briega-Martos V, Fehrs JO, Qiu C, Mirolo M, Yuan C, Cherevko S, Drnec J, Magnussen OM, Harrington DA. Driving Force of the Initial Step in Electrochemical Pt(111) Oxidation. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:3589-3593. [PMID: 37018542 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c00520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The first step of electrochemical surface oxidation is extraction of a metal atom from its lattice site to a location in a growing oxide. Here we show by fast simultaneous electrochemical and in situ high-energy surface X-ray diffraction measurements that the initial extraction of Pt atoms from Pt(111) is a fast, potential-driven process, whereas charge transfer for the related formation of adsorbed oxygen-containing species occurs on a much slower time scale and is evidently uncoupled from the extraction process. It is concluded that potential plays a key independent role in electrochemical surface oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Fuchs
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Valentín Briega-Martos
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Jan O Fehrs
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Canrong Qiu
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marta Mirolo
- Experimental Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Chentian Yuan
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Serhiy Cherevko
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Helmholtz Institute Erlangen-Nürnberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11), Erlangen 91058, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- Experimental Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - David A Harrington
- Chemistry Department, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
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8
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Amirbeigiarab R, Bagger A, Tian J, Rossmeisl J, Magnussen OM. Structure of the (Bi)carbonate Adlayer on Cu(100) Electrodes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202211360. [PMID: 36122295 PMCID: PMC9827965 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
(Bi)carbonate adsorption on Cu(100) in 0.1 M KHCO3 has been studied by in situ scanning tunneling microscopy. Coexistence of different ordered adlayer phases with ( 2 ${\sqrt{2}}$ ×6 2 ${\sqrt{2}}$ )R45° and (4×4) unit cells was observed in the double layer potential regime. The adlayer is rather dynamic and undergoes a reversible order-disorder phase transition at 0 V vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode. Density functional calculations indicate that the adlayer consists of coadsorbed carbonate and water molecules and is strongly stabilized by liquid water in the adjacent electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexander Bagger
- Center of High Entropy Alloy Catalysis (CHEAC)Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 52100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Jing Tian
- Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsKiel University24098KielGermany
| | - Jan Rossmeisl
- Center of High Entropy Alloy Catalysis (CHEAC)Department of ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenUniversitetsparken 52100CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsKiel University24098KielGermany
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9
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Sartori A, Giri RP, Fujii H, Hövelmann SC, Warias JE, Jordt P, Shen C, Murphy BM, Magnussen OM. Role of chemisorbing species in growth at liquid metal-electrolyte interfaces revealed by in situ X-ray scattering. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5421. [PMID: 36109498 PMCID: PMC9477831 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32932-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid-liquid interfaces offer intriguing possibilities for nanomaterials growth. Here, fundamental interface-related mechanisms that control the growth behavior in these systems are studied for Pb halide formation at the interface between NaX + PbX2 (X = F, Cl, Br) and liquid Hg electrodes using in situ X-ray scattering and complementary electrochemical and microscopy measurements. These studies reveal a decisive role of the halide species in nucleation and growth of these compounds. In Cl- and Br-containing solution, deposition starts by rapid formation of well-defined ultrathin (∼7 Å) precursor adlayers, which provide a structural template for the subsequent quasi-epitaxial growth of c-axis oriented Pb(OH)X bulk crystals. In contrast, growth in F-containing solution proceeds by slow formation of a more disordered deposit, resulting in random bulk crystal orientations on the Hg surface. These differences can be assigned to the interface chemistry, specifically halide chemisorption, which steers the formation of these highly textured deposits at the liquid-liquid interface. Growth at liquid-liquid interfaces differ inherently from that on solids, making it attractive for nanomaterial formation. Here, the authors use X-ray scattering to derive a detailed microscopic picture of lead-halide growth on liquid mercury that reveals the key importance of anion adsorption.
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10
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Wiegmann T, Pacheco I, Reikowski F, Stettner J, Qiu C, Bouvier M, Bertram M, Faisal F, Brummel O, Libuda J, Drnec J, Allongue P, Maroun F, Magnussen OM. Operando Identification of the Reversible Skin Layer on Co 3O 4 as a Three-Dimensional Reaction Zone for Oxygen Evolution. ACS Catal 2022; 12:3256-3268. [PMID: 35359579 PMCID: PMC8939430 DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Co oxides and oxyhydroxides
have been studied extensively in the
past as promising electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction
(OER) in neutral to alkaline media. Earlier studies showed the formation
of an ultrathin CoOx(OH)y skin layer on Co3O4 at potentials
above 1.15 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), but the precise
influence of this skin layer on the OER reactivity is still under
debate. We present here a systematic study of epitaxial spinel-type
Co3O4 films with defined (111) orientation,
prepared on different substrates by electrodeposition or physical
vapor deposition. The OER overpotential of these samples may vary
up to 120 mV, corresponding to two orders of magnitude differences
in current density, which cannot be accounted for by differences in
the electrochemically active surface area. We demonstrate by a careful
analysis of operando surface X-ray diffraction measurements
that these differences are clearly correlated with the average thickness
of the skin layer. The OER reactivity increases with the amount of
formed skin layer, indicating that the entire three-dimensional skin
layer is an OER-active interphase. Furthermore, a scaling relationship
between the reaction centers in the skin layer and the OER activity
is established. It suggests that two lattice sites are involved in
the OER mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wiegmann
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ivan Pacheco
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (PMC), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Finn Reikowski
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochim Stettner
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Canrong Qiu
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mathilde Bouvier
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (PMC), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Manon Bertram
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Firas Faisal
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf Brummel
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Interface Research and Catalysis, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Allongue
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (PMC), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Fouad Maroun
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée (PMC), CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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11
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Engstfeld AK, Hoster H, Magnussen OM. Interface Phenomena. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:2497. [PMID: 34750944 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This special collection on Interface Phenomena is dedicated to R. Jürgen Behm on the occasion of his retirement and 70th birthday. Jürgen Behm's research over the past 40 years has addressed a wide variety of interface processes in the fields of growth, corrosion, heterogeneous catalysis, electrocatalysis, and batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harry Hoster
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, 24118, Kiel, Germany
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12
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Deutsch M, Magnussen OM, Haddad J, Pontoni D, Murphy BM, Ocko BM. Comment on "Bi-layering at ionic liquid surfaces: a sum - frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy - and molecular dynamics simulation-based study" by T. Iwahashi, T. Ishiyama, Y. Sakai, A. Morita, D. Kim and Y. Ouchi, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2020, 22, 12565. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:5020-5027. [PMID: 33595568 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp04882h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This Comment raises several questions concerning the surface structure concluded in the paper referenced in the title. Specifically, that paper ignores previous experiments and simulations which demonstrate for the same ionic liquids depth-decaying, multilayered surface-normal density profiles rather than the claimed molecular mono- or bi-layers. We demonstrate that the claimed structure does not reproduce the measured X-ray reflectivity, which probes directly the surface-normal density profile. The measured reflectivities are found, however, to be well-reproduced by a multilayered density model. These results, and previous experimental and simulation results, cast severe doubt on the validity of the surface structure claimed in the paper referenced in the title.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Deutsch
- Physics Department and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics and Ruprecht-Haensel Laboratory, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Julia Haddad
- Physics Department and Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.
| | - Diego Pontoni
- Partnership for Soft Condensed Matter (PSCM), ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bridget M Murphy
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics and Ruprecht-Haensel Laboratory, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Benjamin M Ocko
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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13
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Grumelli D, Wiegmann T, Barja S, Reikowski F, Maroun F, Allongue P, Balajka J, Parkinson GS, Diebold U, Kern K, Magnussen OM. Electrochemical Stability of the Reconstructed Fe 3 O 4 (001) Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:21904-21908. [PMID: 32729209 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202008785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Establishing the atomic-scale structure of metal-oxide surfaces during electrochemical reactions is a key step to modeling this important class of electrocatalysts. Here, we demonstrate that the characteristic (√2×√2)R45° surface reconstruction formed on (001)-oriented magnetite single crystals is maintained after immersion in 0.1 M NaOH at 0.20 V vs. Ag/AgCl and we investigate its dependence on the electrode potential. We follow the evolution of the surface using in situ and operando surface X-ray diffraction from the onset of hydrogen evolution, to potentials deep in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) regime. The reconstruction remains stable for hours between -0.20 and 0.60 V and, surprisingly, is still present at anodic current densities of up to 10 mA cm-2 and strongly affects the OER kinetics. We attribute this to a stabilization of the Fe3 O4 bulk by the reconstructed surface. At more negative potentials, a gradual and largely irreversible lifting of the reconstruction is observed due to the onset of oxide reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Grumelli
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Fisicoquimcas Teoricas y Aplicadas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentine
| | | | - Sara Barja
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, Centro de Física de Materiales, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU-CSIC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | | | - Fouad Maroun
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Philippe Allongue
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, CNRS, IP Paris, 91128, Palaiseau, France
| | - Jan Balajka
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Klaus Kern
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany.,Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Grumelli D, Wiegmann T, Barja S, Reikowski F, Maroun F, Allongue P, Balajka J, Parkinson GS, Diebold U, Kern K, Magnussen OM. Electrochemical Stability of the Reconstructed Fe
3
O
4
(001) Surface. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202008785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Doris Grumelli
- Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Fisicoquimcas Teoricas y Aplicadas Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET La Plata Argentine
| | | | - Sara Barja
- Departamento de Física de Materiales Centro de Física de Materiales University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU-CSIC) Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC) Donostia-San Sebastián Spain
- IKERBASQUE Basque Foundation for Science Bilbao Spain
| | | | - Fouad Maroun
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée CNRS, IP Paris 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Philippe Allongue
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée CNRS, IP Paris 91128 Palaiseau France
| | - Jan Balajka
- Institute of Applied Physics TU Wien Vienna Austria
| | | | | | - Klaus Kern
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research Stuttgart Germany
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland
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15
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Festersen S, Runge B, Koops C, Bertram F, Ocko B, Deutsch M, Murphy BM, Magnussen OM. Nucleation and Growth of PbBrF Crystals at the Liquid Mercury-Electrolyte Interface Studied by Operando X-ray Scattering. Langmuir 2020; 36:10905-10915. [PMID: 32905700 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Detailed in operando studies of electrochemically induced PbBrF deposition at the liquid mercury/liquid electrolyte interface are presented. The nucleation and growth were monitored using time-resolved X-ray diffraction and reflectivity combined with electrochemical measurements, revealing a complex potential-dependent behavior. PbBrF deposition commences at potentials above -0.7 V with the rapid formation of an ultrathin adlayer of one unit cell thickness, on top of which (001)-oriented three-dimensional crystallites are formed. Two potential regimes are identified. At low overpotentials, slow growth of a low surface density film of large crystals is observed. At high overpotentials, crossover to a potential-independent morphology occurs, consisting of a compact PbBrF deposit with a saturation thickness of 25 nm, which forms within a few minutes. This potential behavior can be rationalized by the increasing supersaturation near the interface, caused by the potential-dependent Pb2+ deamalgamation, which changes from a slow reaction-controlled process to a fast transport-controlled process in this range of overpotentials. In addition, growth on the liquid substrate is found to involve complex micromechanical effects, such as crystal reorientation and film breakup during dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Festersen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Benjamin Runge
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Koops
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Florian Bertram
- Deutsches Elektronensynchrotron DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ben Ocko
- NSLS-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Moshe Deutsch
- Physics Department & Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Bridget M Murphy
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht-Haensel Laboratory, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht-Haensel Laboratory, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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16
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Rusch TR, Schlimm A, Krekiehn NR, Tellkamp T, Budzák Š, Jacquemin D, Tuczek F, Herges R, Magnussen OM. Observation of Collective Photoswitching in Free-Standing TATA-Based Azobenzenes on Au(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:17192-17196. [PMID: 32524693 PMCID: PMC7540444 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202003797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Light-induced transitions between the trans and cis isomer of triazatriangulenium-based azobenzene derivatives on Au(111) surfaces were observed directly by scanning tunneling microscopy, allowing atomic-scale studies of the photoisomerization kinetics. Although the azobenzene units in these adlayers are free-standing and spaced at uniform distances of 1.26 nm, their photoswitching depends on the isomeric state of the surrounding molecules and, specifically, is accelerated by neighboring cis isomers. These collective effects are supported by ab initio calculations indicating that the electronic excitation preferably localizes on the n-π* state of trans isomers with neighboring cis azobenzenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talina R. Rusch
- Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsChristian Albrechts UniversityKielGermany
| | - Alexander Schlimm
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryChristian Albrechts UniversityKielGermany
| | - Nicolai R. Krekiehn
- Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsChristian Albrechts UniversityKielGermany
| | - Tobias Tellkamp
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic ChemistryChristian Albrechts UniversityKielGermany
| | - Šimon Budzák
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of Natural SciencesMatej Bel UniversityBanska BystricaSlovakia
| | | | - Felix Tuczek
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryChristian Albrechts UniversityKielGermany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic ChemistryChristian Albrechts UniversityKielGermany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsChristian Albrechts UniversityKielGermany
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17
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Rusch TR, Schlimm A, Krekiehn NR, Tellkamp T, Budzák Š, Jacquemin D, Tuczek F, Herges R, Magnussen OM. Observation of Collective Photoswitching in Free‐Standing TATA‐Based Azobenzenes on Au(111). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202003797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Talina R. Rusch
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Christian Albrechts University Kiel Germany
| | - Alexander Schlimm
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian Albrechts University Kiel Germany
| | - Nicolai R. Krekiehn
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Christian Albrechts University Kiel Germany
| | - Tobias Tellkamp
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry Christian Albrechts University Kiel Germany
| | - Šimon Budzák
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural Sciences Matej Bel University Banska Bystrica Slovakia
| | - Denis Jacquemin
- CEISAM Lab—UMR 6230— CNRS/University of Nantes Nantes France
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry Christian Albrechts University Kiel Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry Christian Albrechts University Kiel Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Christian Albrechts University Kiel Germany
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18
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Abstract
In situ video-STM studies of Pt(111) electrodes in CO-saturated 0.1 M H2SO4 solution are presented, which reveal the presence of defined point defects in the CO pre-oxidation regime, where the surface is covered by a highly dynamic apparent (1 × 1)-CO adlayer. These defects are generated at the Pt steps and can switch between a mobile and an immobile state. They are assigned to diffusing vacancies in the Pt surface layer, induced by interaction of the highly mobile CO adsorbates with Pt surface atoms at potentials as low as 0.30 VAg/AgCl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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19
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Abstract
CO adlayers on Pt(111) electrode surfaces are an important electrochemical system and of great relevance to electrocatalysis. The potential-dependent structure and dynamics of these adlayers are complex and still controversial, especially in the CO pre-oxidation regime. We here employ in situ high-speed scanning tunneling microscopy for studying the surface phase behavior in CO-saturated 0.1 m H2 SO4 on the millisecond time scale. At potentials near the onset of CO pre-oxidation local fluctuations in the (2×2)-CO adlayer are observed, which increase towards more positive potentials. Above 0.20 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), this leads to an adlayer where COad apparently reside on every top site, but still exhibit a (2×2) superstructure modulation. We interpret this observation as a dynamic effect, caused by a small number of highly mobile point defects in the (2×2)-CO adlayer. As shown by density functional theory calculations, the CO lattice near such defects relaxes into a local (1×1) arrangement, which can rapidly propagate across the surface. This scenario, where a static (2×2) COad sublattice coexists with a highly dynamic sublattice of partially occupied top sites, explains the pronounced COad surface mobility during electrooxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsKiel University24098KielGermany
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | | | - Yan‐Xia Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei230026China
| | - Sung Sakong
- Institute of Theoretical ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Axel Gross
- Institute of Theoretical ChemistryUlm UniversityAlbert-Einstein-Allee 1189081UlmGermany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsKiel University24098KielGermany
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wei
- Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsKiel University 24098 Kiel Germany
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | | | - Yan‐Xia Chen
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at MicroscaleUniversity of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China
| | - Sung Sakong
- Institute of Theoretical ChemistryUlm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Axel Gross
- Institute of Theoretical ChemistryUlm University Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 89081 Ulm Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsKiel University 24098 Kiel Germany
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21
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Magnussen OM. Frontispiece: Atomic‐Scale Insights into Electrode Surface Dynamics by High‐Speed Scanning Probe Microscopy. Chemistry 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201985662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsKiel University Olshausenstr. 40 24098 Kiel Germany
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22
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Löw R, Rusch T, Moje T, Röhricht F, Magnussen OM, Herges R. Norbornadiene-functionalized triazatriangulenium and trioxatriangulenium platforms. Beilstein J Org Chem 2019; 15:1815-1821. [PMID: 31467601 PMCID: PMC6693376 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.15.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Triazatriangulenium (TATA) and trioxatriangulenium (TOTA) ions are particularly suited systems to mount functional molecules onto atomically flat surfaces such as Au(111). The TATA and TOTA units serve as platforms that absorb onto the surface and form ordered monolayers, while the functional groups are protruding upright and freestanding from the central carbon atoms. Azobenzene derivatized TATA’s are known to exhibit extremely fast cis→trans isomerization on metal surfaces, via a peculiar non-adiabatic singlet→triplet→singlet mechanism. We now prepared norbornadienes (NBD) and quadricyclanes (QC) attached to TATA and TOTA platforms which can be used to check if these accelerated rates and the spin change mechanism also apply to [2 + 2] cycloreversions (QC→NBD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Löw
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Talina Rusch
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Kiel, Leibnizstraße 19, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tobias Moje
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Fynn Röhricht
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Kiel, Leibnizstraße 19, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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23
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Magnussen OM. Atomic‐Scale Insights into Electrode Surface Dynamics by High‐Speed Scanning Probe Microscopy. Chemistry 2019; 25:12865-12883. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201901709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied PhysicsKiel University Olshausenstr. 40 24098 Kiel Germany
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24
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Reikowski F, Maroun F, Pacheco I, Wiegmann T, Allongue P, Stettner J, Magnussen OM. Operando Surface X-ray Diffraction Studies of Structurally Defined Co3O4 and CoOOH Thin Films during Oxygen Evolution. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Finn Reikowski
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Fouad Maroun
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Ivan Pacheco
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Tim Wiegmann
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Philippe Allongue
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Jochim Stettner
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf M Magnussen
- Interface Physics Group, Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Olshausenstr. 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Axel Groß
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm, Helmholtzstr. 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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27
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Rusch TR, Hammerich M, Herges R, Magnussen OM. Molecular platforms as versatile building blocks for multifunctional photoswitchable surfaces. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:9511-9514. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc04528g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Structurally well-defined arrangements of multiple functional groups can be prepared by self-assembly of mixed monolayers based on molecular platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talina R. Rusch
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics
- Kiel University
- Kiel
- Germany
| | | | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Kiel University
- Kiel
- Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics
- Kiel University
- Kiel
- Germany
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Rahn
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte PhysikChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel 24098 Kiel Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte PhysikChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel 24098 Kiel Germany
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Rahn
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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30
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Schlimm A, Stucke N, Flöser BM, Rusch T, Krahmer J, Näther C, Strunskus T, Magnussen OM, Tuczek F. Influence of a Metal Substrate on Small-Molecule Activation Mediated by a Surface-Adsorbed Complex. Chemistry 2018; 24:10732-10744. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201800911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schlimm
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Nadja Stucke
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Benedikt M. Flöser
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Talina Rusch
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Leibnizstrasse 19 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Jan Krahmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Christian Näther
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Thomas Strunskus
- Institute for Materials Science-Multicomponent Materials; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Kaiserstrasse 2 24143 Kiel Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Leibnizstrasse 19 24118 Kiel Germany
| | - Felix Tuczek
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry; Christian Albrechts University Kiel; Max-Eyth-Strasse 2 24118 Kiel Germany
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31
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Maroun F, Reikowski F, Di N, Wiegmann T, Stettner J, Magnussen OM, Allongue P. Potential dependence of the structure and magnetism of electrodeposited Pd/Co/Au(111) layers. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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32
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Rahn B, Wen R, Deuchler L, Stremme J, Franke A, Pehlke E, Magnussen OM. Coadsorbate‐Induced Reversal of Solid–Liquid Interface Dynamics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:6065-6068. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201712728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Rahn
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Kiel University Olshausenstr. 40 Kiel 24098 Germany
| | - Rui Wen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Kiel University Olshausenstr. 40 Kiel 24098 Germany
| | - Lukas Deuchler
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Kiel University Olshausenstr. 40 Kiel 24098 Germany
| | - Johannes Stremme
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Kiel University Olshausenstr. 40 Kiel 24098 Germany
| | - Andreas Franke
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Kiel University Olshausenstr. 40 Kiel 24098 Germany
| | - Eckhard Pehlke
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Kiel University Olshausenstr. 40 Kiel 24098 Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Kiel University Olshausenstr. 40 Kiel 24098 Germany
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33
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Rahn B, Wen R, Deuchler L, Stremme J, Franke A, Pehlke E, Magnussen OM. Coadsorbate‐Induced Reversal of Solid–Liquid Interface Dynamics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201712728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Björn Rahn
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Kiel University Olshausenstr. 40 Kiel 24098 Germany
| | - Rui Wen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Kiel University Olshausenstr. 40 Kiel 24098 Germany
| | - Lukas Deuchler
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Kiel University Olshausenstr. 40 Kiel 24098 Germany
| | - Johannes Stremme
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Kiel University Olshausenstr. 40 Kiel 24098 Germany
| | - Andreas Franke
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Kiel University Olshausenstr. 40 Kiel 24098 Germany
| | - Eckhard Pehlke
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics Kiel University Olshausenstr. 40 Kiel 24098 Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics Kiel University Olshausenstr. 40 Kiel 24098 Germany
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34
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Festersen S, Hrkac SB, Koops CT, Runge B, Dane T, Murphy BM, Magnussen OM. X-ray reflectivity from curved liquid interfaces. J Synchrotron Radiat 2018; 25:432-438. [PMID: 29488923 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577517018057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
X-ray reflectivity studies of the structure of liquid-vapour and liquid-liquid interfaces at modern sources, such as free-electron lasers, are currently impeded by the lack of dedicated liquid surface diffractometers. It is shown that this obstacle can be overcome by an alternative experimental approach that uses the natural curvature of a liquid drop for variation of the angle of incidence. Two modes of operation are shown: (i) sequential reflectivity measurements by a nanometre beam and (ii) parallel acquisition of large ranges of a reflectivity curve by micrometre beams. The feasibility of the two methods is demonstrated by studies of the Hg/vapour, H2O/vapour and Hg/0.1 M NaF interface. The obtained reflectivity curves match the data obtained by conventional techniques up to 5αc in micro-beam mode and up to 35αc in nano-beam mode, allowing observation of the Hg layering peak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Festersen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stjepan B Hrkac
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian T Koops
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Benjamin Runge
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Thomas Dane
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bridget M Murphy
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
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35
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Haddad J, Pontoni D, Murphy BM, Festersen S, Runge B, Magnussen OM, Steinrück HG, Reichert H, Ocko BM, Deutsch M. Surface structure evolution in a homologous series of ionic liquids. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E1100-E1107. [PMID: 29358372 PMCID: PMC5819424 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1716418115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Interfaces of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are important for both applications and basic science and are therefore intensely studied. However, the evolution of their interface structure with the cation's alkyl chain length [Formula: see text] from Coulomb to van der Waals interaction domination has not yet been studied for even a single broad homologous RTIL series. We present here such a study of the liquid-air interface for [Formula: see text], using angstrom-resolution X-ray methods. For [Formula: see text], a typical "simple liquid" monotonic surface-normal electron density profile [Formula: see text] is obtained, like those of water and organic solvents. For [Formula: see text], increasingly more pronounced nanoscale self-segregation of the molecules' charged moieties and apolar chains yields surface layering with alternating regions of headgroups and chains. The layering decays into the bulk over a few, to a few tens, of nanometers. The layering periods and decay lengths, their linear [Formula: see text] dependence, and slopes are discussed within two models, one with partial-chain interdigitation and the other with liquid-like chains. No surface-parallel long-range order is found within the surface layer. For [Formula: see text], a different surface phase is observed above melting. Our results also impact general liquid-phase issues like supramolecular self-aggregation and bulk-surface structure relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Haddad
- Physics Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Diego Pontoni
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, The European Synchrotron and Partnership for Soft Condensed Matter (PSCM), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Bridget M Murphy
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sven Festersen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Benjamin Runge
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24118 Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Steinrück
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory (SSRL) Materials Science Division, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC) National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025
| | - Harald Reichert
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, The European Synchrotron, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Benjamin M Ocko
- National Synchrotron Light Source II (NSLS-II), Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973
| | - Moshe Deutsch
- Physics Department, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel;
- Institute of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel
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36
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Drnec J, Ruge M, Reikowski F, Rahn B, Carlà F, Felici R, Stettner J, Magnussen OM, Harrington DA. Pt oxide and oxygen reduction at Pt(111) studied by surface X-ray diffraction. Electrochem commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.elecom.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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37
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Ruge M, Drnec J, Rahn B, Reikowski F, Harrington DA, Carlà F, Felici R, Stettner J, Magnussen OM. Structural Reorganization of Pt(111) Electrodes by Electrochemical Oxidation and Reduction. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:4532-4539. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b01039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ruge
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- Experimental
Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Björn Rahn
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Finn Reikowski
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - David A. Harrington
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada
| | - Francesco Carlà
- Experimental
Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Roberto Felici
- Experimental
Division, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 Avenue des
Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Jochim Stettner
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institut
für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Olshausenstraße 40, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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38
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Reikowski F, Wiegmann T, Stettner J, Drnec J, Honkimäki V, Maroun F, Allongue P, Magnussen OM. Transmission Surface Diffraction for Operando Studies of Heterogeneous Interfaces. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1067-1071. [PMID: 28201875 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Processes at material interfaces to liquids or to high-pressure gases often involve structural changes that are heterogeneous on the micrometer scale. We present a novel in situ X-ray scattering technique that uses high-energy photons and a transmission geometry for atomic-scale studies under these conditions. Transmission surface diffraction gives access to a large fraction of reciprocal space in a single acquisition, allowing direct imaging of the in-plane atomic arrangement at the interface. Experiments with focused X-ray beams enable mapping of these structural properties with micrometer spatial resolution. The potential of this new technique is illustrated by in situ studies of electrochemical surface phase transitions and deposition processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Finn Reikowski
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University , 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Tim Wiegmann
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University , 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jochim Stettner
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University , 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Jakub Drnec
- Experimental Division, ESRF , 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Veijo Honkimäki
- Experimental Division, ESRF , 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Fouad Maroun
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Philippe Allongue
- Physique de la Matière Condensée, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University , 24098 Kiel, Germany
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39
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Drnec J, Ruge M, Reikowski F, Rahn B, Carlà F, Felici R, Stettner J, Magnussen OM, Harrington DA. Initial stages of Pt(111) electrooxidation: dynamic and structural studies by surface X-ray diffraction. Electrochim Acta 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
Electrochemical interfaces between immiscible liquids have lately received renewed interest, both for gaining fundamental insight as well as for applications in nanomaterial synthesis. In this feature article we demonstrate that the atomic scale structure of these previously inaccessible interfaces nowadays can be explored by in situ synchrotron based X-ray scattering techniques. Exemplary studies of a prototypical electrochemical system - a liquid mercury electrode in pure NaCl solution - reveal that the liquid metal is terminated by a well-defined atomic layer. This layering decays on length scales of 0.5 nm into the Hg bulk and displays a potential and temperature dependent behaviour that can be explained by electrocapillary effects and contributions of the electronic charge distribution on the electrode. In similar studies of nanomaterial growth, performed for the electrochemical deposition of PbFBr, a complex nucleation and growth behaviour is found, involving a crystalline precursor layer prior to the 3D crystal growth. Operando X-ray scattering measurements provide detailed data on the processes of nanoscale film formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B M Murphy
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstr. 19, D-24098 Kiel, Germany.
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41
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Singer A, Patel SKK, Kukreja R, Uhlíř V, Wingert J, Festersen S, Zhu D, Glownia JM, Lemke HT, Nelson S, Kozina M, Rossnagel K, Bauer M, Murphy BM, Magnussen OM, Fullerton EE, Shpyrko OG. Photoinduced Enhancement of the Charge Density Wave Amplitude. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:056401. [PMID: 27517781 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.056401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Symmetry breaking and the emergence of order is one of the most fascinating phenomena in condensed matter physics. It leads to a plethora of intriguing ground states found in antiferromagnets, Mott insulators, superconductors, and density-wave systems. Exploiting states of matter far from equilibrium can provide even more striking routes to symmetry-lowered, ordered states. Here, we demonstrate for the case of elemental chromium that moderate ultrafast photoexcitation can transiently enhance the charge-density-wave (CDW) amplitude by up to 30% above its equilibrium value, while strong excitations lead to an oscillating, large-amplitude CDW state that persists above the equilibrium transition temperature. Both effects result from dynamic electron-phonon interactions, providing an efficient mechanism to selectively transform a broad excitation of the electronic order into a well-defined, long-lived coherent lattice vibration. This mechanism may be exploited to transiently enhance order parameters in other systems with coupled degrees of freedom.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Singer
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - S K K Patel
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - R Kukreja
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - V Uhlíř
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - J Wingert
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - S Festersen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - D Zhu
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J M Glownia
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - H T Lemke
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Nelson
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Kozina
- LCLS, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - K Rossnagel
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - M Bauer
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - B M Murphy
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - O M Magnussen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
- Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, Kiel University, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - E E Fullerton
- Center for Memory and Recording Research, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
| | - O G Shpyrko
- Department of Physics, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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42
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Hammerich M, Rusch T, Krekiehn NR, Bloedorn A, Magnussen OM, Herges R. Imine-Functionalized Triazatriangulenium Platforms: Towards an Artificial Ciliated Epithelium. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1870-4. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Hammerich
- Otto Diels-Institute for Organic Chemistry; Christian-Albrechts University Kiel; Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 Kiel 24119 Germany
| | - Talina Rusch
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik; Christian-Albrechts University Kiel; Leibnizstraße 11-19 Kiel 24119 Germany
| | - Nicolai R. Krekiehn
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik; Christian-Albrechts University Kiel; Leibnizstraße 11-19 Kiel 24119 Germany
| | - Andreas Bloedorn
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik; Christian-Albrechts University Kiel; Leibnizstraße 11-19 Kiel 24119 Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik; Christian-Albrechts University Kiel; Leibnizstraße 11-19 Kiel 24119 Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto Diels-Institute for Organic Chemistry; Christian-Albrechts University Kiel; Otto-Hahn-Platz 4 Kiel 24119 Germany
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43
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Krekiehn NR, Müller M, Jung U, Ulrich S, Herges R, Magnussen OM. UV/Vis Spectroscopy Studies of the Photoisomerization Kinetics in Self-Assembled Azobenzene-Containing Adlayers. Langmuir 2015; 31:8362-8370. [PMID: 26134857 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Direct comparative studies of the photoisomerization of azobenzene derivatives in self-assembled adlayers on Au and as free molecules in dichloromethane solution were performed using UV/vis spectroscopy. For all studied systems a highly reversible trans-cis isomerization in the adlayer is observed. Quantitative studies of the absorbance changes and photoisomerization kinetics reveal that in azobenzenes mounted as freestanding vertical groups on the surface via triazatriangulene-based molecular platforms photoswitching is nearly uninhibited by the local environment in the adlayer. The blue-shift of the π-π* transition in adlayers of these molecules is in good agreement with theoretical studies of the effect of excitonic coupling between the molecules. In contrast, in azobenzene-containing thiol self-assembled monolayers the fraction of photoswitching molecules and the photoisomerization kinetics are significantly reduced compared to free molecules in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- N R Krekiehn
- †Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - M Müller
- †Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - U Jung
- †Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - S Ulrich
- ‡Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - R Herges
- ‡Otto-Diels-Institut für Organische Chemie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 4, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - O M Magnussen
- †Institut für Experimentelle und Angewandte Physik, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Leibnizstr. 19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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44
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Wen R, Rahn B, Magnussen OM. Cover Picture: Potential-Dependent Adlayer Structure and Dynamics at the Ionic Liquid/Au(111) Interface: A Molecular-Scale In Situ Video-STM Study (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 20/2015). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201502798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Wen R, Rahn B, Magnussen OM. Potentialabhängige Struktur und Dynamik molekularer Adschichten an der Grenzfläche zwischen ionischen Flüssigkeiten und Au(111): Eine In-situ-Video-STM-Studie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201501715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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46
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Wen R, Rahn B, Magnussen OM. Titelbild: Potentialabhängige Struktur und Dynamik molekularer Adschichten an der Grenzfläche zwischen ionischen Flüssigkeiten und Au(111): Eine In-situ-Video-STM-Studie (Angew. Chem. 20/2015). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201502798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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47
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Wen R, Rahn B, Magnussen OM. Potential-Dependent Adlayer Structure and Dynamics at the Ionic Liquid/Au(111) Interface: A Molecular-Scale In Situ Video-STM Study. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:6062-6. [PMID: 25913869 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201501715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Room-temperature ionic liquids are of great current interest for electrochemical applications in material and energy science. Essential for understanding the electrochemical reactivity of these systems are detailed data on the structure and dynamics of the interfaces between these compounds and metal electrodes, which distinctly differ from those in traditional electrolytes. In situ studies are presented of Au(111) electrodes in 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([BMP][TFSA]) by high-speed scanning tunneling microscopy (video-STM). [BMP][TFSA] is one of the best-understood air and water stable ionic liquids. The measurements provide direct insights into the potential-dependent molecular arrangement and surface dynamics of adsorbed [BMP](+) cations in the innermost layer on the negatively charged Au electrode surface. In particular, two distinct subsequent transitions in the adlayer structure and lateral mobility are observed with decreasing potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wen
- Institute of Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Olshausenstrasse 40, 24098 Kiel (Germany)
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48
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Lemke S, Chang CH, Jung U, Magnussen OM. Reversible potential-induced switching of alkyl chain aggregation in octyl-triazatriangulenium adlayers on Au(111). Langmuir 2015; 31:3115-3124. [PMID: 25700185 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b00545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In situ scanning tunneling microscopy and cyclic voltammetry studies of self-assembled octyl-triazatriangulenium monolayers on Au(111) electrode surfaces in 0.1 M HClO4 reveal a complex surface phase behavior, involving two fast, highly reversible transitions between different ordered adlayer phases: With decreasing potential, the preadsorbed (√19 × √19)R23.4° adlayer first is converted into a (7√3 × 7√3) and then into a (2√3 × 2√3)R30° phase, corresponding to a stepwise increase in the local packing density of the molecules. The (7√3 × 7√3) → (2√3 × 2√3)R30° transition is accompanied by a reorientation of the peripheral octyl chains from a more planar to a close-packed vertical arrangement. This reversible potential-induced switching between a homogeneous adlayer of small vertical extension and a Au surface partially covered by islands of a compact hydrocarbon layer is attributed to changes in the adsorbate charge state and associated changes in the intermolecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lemke
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstraße 19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Chi-Hao Chang
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstraße 19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Jung
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstraße 19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, Kiel University, Leibnizstraße 19, 24118 Kiel, Germany
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49
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Kamiński DM, Czernel G, Murphy B, Runge B, Magnussen OM, Gagoś M. Effect of cholesterol and ergosterol on the antibiotic amphotericin B interactions with dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine monolayers: X-ray reflectivity study. Biochim Biophys Acta 2014; 1838:2947-53. [PMID: 25128151 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amphotericin B is a Streptomyces nodosus metabolite and one of the oldest polyene antibiotics used in the treatment of invasive systemic fungal infections. Despite its over 50-year existence in clinical practice and the recognition of amphotericin B as the gold standard in the treatment of serious systemic mycosis, it still remains one of the most toxic pharmaceuticals. Understanding of the processes at the molecular levels and the interactions between amphotericin B with lipid membranes containing sterols should elucidate the mechanisms of the action and toxicity of this widely used antibiotic. In this work, we use X-ray reflectivity to study the structural changes on a molecular scale after amphotericin B incorporation. These changes are accompanied by an increase in monolayer surface pressure which is more pronounced for ergosterol - rather than cholesterol-rich membranes. The data indicate that this difference is not due to the higher affinity of amphotericin B towards ergosterol-containing membranes but is rather due to a ~3Angstrom corrugation of the monolayer. Furthermore, the total quantity of amphotericin B incorporated into lipid monolayers containing cholesterol and ergosterol is the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M Kamiński
- Department of Chemistry, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15, 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Grzegorz Czernel
- Department of Biophysics, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bridget Murphy
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany; Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Benjamin Runge
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany; Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M Magnussen
- Institute for Experimental and Applied Physics, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany; Ruprecht Haensel Laboratory, University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Mariusz Gagoś
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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50
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Otte FL, Lemke S, Schütt C, Krekiehn NR, Jung U, Magnussen OM, Herges R. Ordered Monolayers of Free-Standing Porphyrins on Gold. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:11248-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ja505563e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska L. Otte
- Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic
Chemistry and ‡Institute for Experimental and Applied
Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Sonja Lemke
- Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic
Chemistry and ‡Institute for Experimental and Applied
Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Schütt
- Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic
Chemistry and ‡Institute for Experimental and Applied
Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Nicolai R. Krekiehn
- Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic
Chemistry and ‡Institute for Experimental and Applied
Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Ulrich Jung
- Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic
Chemistry and ‡Institute for Experimental and Applied
Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Olaf M. Magnussen
- Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic
Chemistry and ‡Institute for Experimental and Applied
Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Rainer Herges
- Otto-Diels-Institute for Organic
Chemistry and ‡Institute for Experimental and Applied
Physics, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, 24098 Kiel, Germany
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