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Remon J, Auclin E, Zubiri L, Schneider S, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Minatta N, Gautschi O, Aboubakar F, Muñoz-Couselo E, Pierret T, Rothschild SI, Cortiula F, Reynolds KL, Thibault C, Gavralidis A, Blais N, Barlesi F, Planchard D, Besse BMD. Immune checkpoint blockers in solid organ transplant recipients and cancer: the INNOVATED cohort. ESMO Open 2024; 9:103004. [PMID: 38653155 PMCID: PMC11053286 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.103004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with solid organ transplant (SOT) and solid tumors are usually excluded from clinical trials testing immune checkpoint blockers (ICB). As transplant rates are increasing, we aimed to evaluate ICB outcomes in this population, with a special focus on lung cancer. METHODS We conducted a multicenter retrospective cohort study collecting real data of ICB use in patients with SOT and solid tumors. Clinical data and treatment outcomes were assessed by using retrospective medical chart reviews in every participating center. Study endpoints were: overall response rate (ORR), 6-month progression-free survival (PFS), and grade ≥3 immune-related adverse events. RESULTS From August 2016 to October 2022, 31 patients with SOT (98% kidney) and solid tumors were identified (36.0% lung cancer, 19.4% melanoma, 13.0% genitourinary cancer, 6.5% gastrointestinal cancer). Programmed death-ligand 1 expression was positive in 29% of tumors. Median age was 61 years, 69% were males, and 71% received ICB as first-line treatment. In the whole cohort the ORR was 45.2%, with a 6-month PFS of 56.8%. In the lung cancer cohort, the ORR was 45.5%, with a 6-month PFS of 32.7%, and median overall survival of 4.6 months. The grade 3 immune-related adverse events rate leading to ICB discontinuation was 12.9%. Allograft rejection rate was 25.8%, and risk of rejection was similar regardless of the type of ICB strategy (monotherapy or combination, 28% versus 33%, P = 1.0) or response to ICB treatment. CONCLUSIONS ICB could be considered a feasible option for SOT recipients with some advanced solid malignancies and no alternative therapeutic options. Due to the risk of allograft rejection, multidisciplinary teams should be involved before ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Remon
- Paris-Saclay University, Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif.
| | - E Auclin
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - L Zubiri
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - S Schneider
- Department Pneumology, Hôpital de Bayonne, Bayonne, France
| | - D Rodriguez-Abreu
- Medical Oncology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - N Minatta
- Department of Oncology Hospital Italiano Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - O Gautschi
- Department of Cancer Medicine, University of Berne and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - F Aboubakar
- Department of Pneumology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - E Muñoz-Couselo
- Department of Oncology, Hospital Vall d'Hebron de Barcelona, VHIO Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Pierret
- Department of Pneumology, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | - S I Rothschild
- Medical Oncology Department, University Hospital Basel, Basel; Division Oncology/Hematology, Department of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Baden, Baden, Switzerland
| | - F Cortiula
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - K L Reynolds
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - C Thibault
- Department of Cancer Medicine, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - A Gavralidis
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston; Salem Hospital, Salem, USA
| | - N Blais
- Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - F Barlesi
- Paris-Saclay University, Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif
| | - D Planchard
- Paris-Saclay University, Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif
| | - B M D Besse
- Paris-Saclay University, Department of Cancer Medicine, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif
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2
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Schuler A, Huser J, Schmid S, Schär S, Scherz A, Gautschi O, Mauti L, von Briel T, Waibel C, Wannesson L, Pankovics J, Mark MT, Rothschild SI, Addeo A, Janthur WD, Siano M, Boos L, Britschgi C, Früh M. Patterns of progression on first line osimertinib in patients with EGFR mutation-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A Swiss cohort study. Lung Cancer 2024; 187:107427. [PMID: 38043395 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2023.107427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM Osimertinib is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved for patients with EGFR mutated non-small cell lung cancer as first-line treatment. However, treatment resistance inevitably emerges and may present as oligo-progressive disease (OPD) or systemic progressive disease (SPD). The incidence of OPD on first-line osimertinib is unknown. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed patients who received first-line osimertinib at 13 Swiss centers. The rate of OPD (PD in ≤ 5 lesions) and treatment outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS The median age of the 148 patients was 68.2 years (range. 38.0-93.3). There were 62 % females, 83 % with a PS ≤ 1, 59 % never smokers, 57 % of patients with an EGFR exon 19 deletion and 37 % with EGFR p.L858R exon 21. 77 % experienced OPD. Median overall survival (OS) was 51.6 months (95 % CI, 38.4-65.0). Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 19.2 (95 % CI, 14.3-23.5) and 8.7 (95 % CI, 2.8-15.6) months for patients with common and uncommon EGFR mutations. Patients with OPD compared to SPD had a significantly longer time to treatment failure and longer OS of (22.9 vs. 10.8 months, p < 0.001 and 51.6 vs. 26.4 months, p = 0.004, respectively). The most common organ sites of PD were lung (62 %), brain (30 %), lymph nodes (30 %), bone (27 %) and pleura (27 %). Twenty-six patients (45 %) with OPD received local ablative treatment (LAT). The OS of OPD patients with LAT was 60.0 (95 % CI, 51.6-NA) vs. 51.4 (95 % CI 38.4-65.3) months (p = 0.43) without LAT. CONCLUSION The rate of OPD of patients receiving first line osimertinib was 77 %. Patients with OPD had a significantly better OS compared to patients with SPD (51.6 vs. 26.4 months). Patients with OPD receiving LAT had the longest median OS (60.0 months).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Schuler
- Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Switzerland.
| | - J Huser
- Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Switzerland
| | - S Schmid
- Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Switzerland; Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Department of Medical Oncology, Switzerland
| | - S Schär
- Schweizerische Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Klinische Krebsforschung (SAKK) , Switzerland
| | - A Scherz
- Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Department of Medical Oncology, Switzerland
| | - O Gautschi
- Cantonal Hospital Luzern, Department of Medical Oncology, Switzerland
| | - L Mauti
- Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Switzerland
| | | | - C Waibel
- Cantonal Hospital Baden, Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Switzerland
| | - L Wannesson
- Istituto Oncologico d. Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland
| | - J Pankovics
- Istituto Oncologico d. Svizzera Italiana, Switzerland
| | - M T Mark
- Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Switzerland
| | - S I Rothschild
- University Hospital Basel, Department of Medical Oncology, Switzerland
| | - A Addeo
- University Hospital Geneva, Department of Medical Oncology, Switzerland
| | - W D Janthur
- Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Department of Medical Oncology, Switzerland
| | - M Siano
- Seeland Cancer Center, Bern-Biel, Switzerland
| | - L Boos
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Switzerland
| | - C Britschgi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Zurich, Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Switzerland
| | - M Früh
- Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, Department of Medical Oncology and Haematology, Switzerland; Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, Department of Medical Oncology, Switzerland
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3
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Barbier MC, Fengler A, Pardo E, Bhadhuri A, Meier N, Gautschi O. Cost Effectiveness and Budget Impact of Nivolumab Plus Ipilimumab Versus Platinum Plus Pemetrexed (with and Without Bevacizumab) in Patients with Unresectable Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma in Switzerland. Pharmacoeconomics 2023; 41:1641-1655. [PMID: 37572261 PMCID: PMC10635986 DOI: 10.1007/s40273-023-01305-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant pleural mesotheliomas (MPMs) are aggressive and often unresectable. In the past, chemotherapy was the standard for palliative treatment. However, immunotherapy with nivolumab+ipilimumab has recently received marketing approval. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the cost effectiveness of nivolumab+ipilimumab versus pemetrexed+platinum (with/without bevacizumab) for Swiss patients with unresectable MPM, overall and by histological subtype. METHODS We developed a three-state Markov cohort model with a cycle length of 1 month, a 30-year time horizon, and a discount rate of 3% per year for costs and benefits. The model included the updated survival and treatment-dependent utility results from the Checkmate-743 and MAPS registration trials. A Swiss statutory health insurance perspective was considered with unit costs for 2022 from publicly available and real-world sources. We assumed a willingness-to-pay (WTP) threshold of CHF100,000/QALY. Model robustness was explored in sensitivity and scenario analyses. RESULTS Compared with chemotherapy, nivolumab+ipilimumab incurred additional costs of CHF109,115 and 0.57 additional quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs), yielding an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of CHF192,585/QALY (i.e. USD201,829/QALY) gained. Relative to their 2022 list price, nivolumab+ipilimumab may be cost effective if priced at 48% across all histologies. Assuming cisplatin-based instead of carboplatin-based chemotherapy reduced the ICER to CHF158,911/QALY (i.e. USD166,539/QALY). For the non-epithelioid subtype, nivolumab+ipilimumab was cost effective compared with chemotherapy (ICER of CHF97,894/QALY, i.e. USD102,593/QALY). Chemotherapy+bevacizumab was often a dominated strategy or would require a bevacizumab cost reduction to 28%. CONCLUSIONS Our model projected nivolumab+ipilimumab to be cost effective for the non-epithelioid subtype but not for all histologies. Substantial discounts for nivolumab+ipilimumab would be necessary to achieve cost effectiveness for all histologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Carla Barbier
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Medicine (ECPM), Health Economics Facility, Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Alicia Fengler
- Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Esther Pardo
- Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Arjun Bhadhuri
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Medicine (ECPM), Health Economics Facility, Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Niklaus Meier
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Medicine (ECPM), Health Economics Facility, Department of Public Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Gautschi
- Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Malchers F, Nogova L, van Attekum MH, Maas L, Brägelmann J, Bartenhagen C, Girard L, Bosco G, Dahmen I, Michels S, Weeden CE, Scheel AH, Meder L, Golfmann K, Schuldt P, Siemanowski J, Rehker J, Merkelbach-Bruse S, Menon R, Gautschi O, Heuckmann JM, Brambilla E, Asselin-Labat ML, Persigehl T, Minna JD, Walczak H, Ullrich RT, Fischer M, Reinhardt HC, Wolf J, Büttner R, Peifer M, George J, Thomas RK. Somatic rearrangements causing oncogenic ectodomain deletions of FGFR1 in squamous cell lung cancer. J Clin Invest 2023; 133:e170217. [PMID: 37606995 PMCID: PMC10617767 DOI: 10.1172/jci170217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The discovery of frequent 8p11-p12 amplifications in squamous cell lung cancer (SQLC) has fueled hopes that FGFR1, located inside this amplicon, might be a therapeutic target. In a clinical trial, only 11% of patients with 8p11 amplification (detected by FISH) responded to FGFR kinase inhibitor treatment. To understand the mechanism of FGFR1 dependency, we performed deep genomic characterization of 52 SQLCs with 8p11-p12 amplification, including 10 tumors obtained from patients who had been treated with FGFR inhibitors. We discovered somatically altered variants of FGFR1 with deletion of exons 1-8 that resulted from intragenic tail-to-tail rearrangements. These ectodomain-deficient FGFR1 variants (ΔEC-FGFR1) were expressed in the affected tumors and were tumorigenic in both in vitro and in vivo models of lung cancer. Mechanistically, breakage-fusion-bridges were the source of 8p11-p12 amplification, resulting from frequent head-to-head and tail-to-tail rearrangements. Generally, tail-to-tail rearrangements within or in close proximity upstream of FGFR1 were associated with FGFR1 dependency. Thus, the genomic events shaping the architecture of the 8p11-p12 amplicon provide a mechanistic explanation for the emergence of FGFR1-driven SQLC. Specifically, we believe that FGFR1 ectodomain-deficient and FGFR1-centered amplifications caused by tail-to-tail rearrangements are a novel somatic genomic event that might be predictive of therapeutically relevant FGFR1 dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Malchers
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany Germany
| | - Lucia Nogova
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martijn H.A. van Attekum
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany Germany
| | - Lukas Maas
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany Germany
| | - Johannes Brägelmann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany Germany
- Mildred Scheel School of Oncology, Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christoph Bartenhagen
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children’s Hospital of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
| | - Luc Girard
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Graziella Bosco
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany Germany
| | - Ilona Dahmen
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany Germany
| | - Sebastian Michels
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Clare E. Weeden
- Personalized Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andreas H. Scheel
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lydia Meder
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kristina Golfmann
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Schuldt
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Janna Siemanowski
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jan Rehker
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sabine Merkelbach-Bruse
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Gautschi
- University of Berne and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Marie-Liesse Asselin-Labat
- Personalized Oncology Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Thorsten Persigehl
- Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - John D. Minna
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Henning Walczak
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- CECAD Cluster of Excellence, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roland T. Ullrich
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children’s Hospital of Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Medical Faculty, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Hans Christian Reinhardt
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wolf
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn, Cologne Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reinhard Büttner
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Peifer
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Cologne, Germany
| | - Julie George
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany Germany
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Roman K. Thomas
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Department of Translational Genomics, Cologne, Germany Germany
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Institute of Pathology, Cologne, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Heidelberg and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Gray JE, Ahn MJ, Oxnard GR, Shepherd FA, Imamura F, Cheng Y, Okamoto I, Cho BC, Lin MC, Wu YL, Majem M, Gautschi O, Boyer M, Bulusu KC, Markovets A, Barrett JC, Hodge R, McKeown A, Hartmaier RJ, Chmielecki J, Papadimitrakopoulou VA, Ramalingam SS. Early Clearance of Plasma Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Mutations as a Predictor of Outcome on Osimertinib in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer; Exploratory Analysis from AURA3 and FLAURA. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3340-3351. [PMID: 37379430 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-3146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Plasma circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis is used for genotyping advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); monitoring dynamic ctDNA changes may be used to predict outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective, exploratory analysis of two phase III trials [AURA3 (NCT02151981), FLAURA (NCT02296125)]. All patients had EGFR mutation-positive (EGFRm; ex19del or L858R) advanced NSCLC; AURA3 also included T790M-positive NSCLC. Osimertinib (FLAURA, AURA3), or comparator EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI; gefitinib/erlotinib; FLAURA), or platinum-based doublet chemotherapy (AURA3) was given. Plasma EGFRm was analyzed at baseline and Weeks 3/6 by droplet digital PCR. Outcomes were assessed by detectable/non-detectable baseline plasma EGFRm and plasma EGFRm clearance (non-detection) at Weeks 3/6. RESULTS In AURA3 (n = 291), non-detectable versus detectable baseline plasma EGFRm had longer median progression-free survival [mPFS; HR, 0.48; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.33-0.68; P < 0.0001]. In patients with Week 3 clearance versus non-clearance (n = 184), respectively, mPFS (months; 95% CI) was 10.9 (8.3-12.6) versus 5.7 (4.1-9.7) with osimertinib and 6.2 (4.0-9.7) versus 4.2 (4.0-5.1) with platinum-pemetrexed. In FLAURA (n = 499), mPFS was longer with non-detectable versus detectable baseline plasma EGFRm (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.41-0.70; P < 0.0001). For Week 3 clearance versus non-clearance (n = 334), respectively, mPFS was 19.8 (15.1 to not calculable) versus 11.3 (9.5-16.5) with osimertinib and 10.8 (9.7-11.1) versus 7.0 (5.6-8.3) with comparator EGFR-TKI. Similar outcomes were observed by Week 6 clearance/non-clearance. CONCLUSIONS Plasma EGFRm analysis as early as 3 weeks on-treatment has the potential to predict outcomes in EGFRm advanced NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhanelle E Gray
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida
| | - Myung-Ju Ahn
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Fumio Imamura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Jilin Province, Changchun, China
| | - Isamu Okamoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Division of Medical Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Meng-Chih Lin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Long Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Margarita Majem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oliver Gautschi
- University of Berne and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Michael Boyer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Krishna C Bulusu
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - J Carl Barrett
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Rachel Hodge
- Late Oncology Statistics, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Astrid McKeown
- Clinical Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan J Hartmaier
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Juliann Chmielecki
- Translational Medicine, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Suresh S Ramalingam
- Emory University School of Medicine, Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, Georgia
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Allemann AT, Gautschi O. Divide and conquer: towards isoform-specific diagnosis and therapy of KRAS-mutant lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2023; 12:1328-1331. [PMID: 37425414 PMCID: PMC10326791 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-23-72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna T Allemann
- Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Gautschi
- Medical Oncology and Cancer Center, Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Barbier M, Fengler A, Gautschi O. 138P Cost-effectiveness of nivolumab and ipilimumab versus chemotherapy (with and without bevacizumab) in patients with unresectable malignant pleural mesothelioma in Switzerland. J Thorac Oncol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s1556-0864(23)00393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Allmann V, Dyntar D, Lehnick D, Dressler M, Zeidler K, Niederberger P, Godau J, Diebold J, Gautschi O. Overall survival and role of programmed death ligand 1 expression in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer and immunotherapy: an observational study from central Switzerland. Swiss Med Wkly 2023; 153:40039. [PMID: 36787492 DOI: 10.57187/smw.2023.40039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In clinical trials, therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors has improved the survival of patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These trials were important for drug approval and for defining new treatment standards but the effect of checkpoint inhibitors in patients treated outside of clinical trials is not well known. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of immunotherapy on the overall survival of patients with metastatic NSCLC in the region of central Switzerland. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 274 patients with histologically confirmed metastatic (stage IV) NSCLC in central Switzerland in the years 2015 to 2018. Patients with NSCLC and actionable driver mutations were excluded. Patients with checkpoint inhibitor treatment (immuno-oncology [IO] group, n = 122) were compared with patients without checkpoint inhibitor treatment (no-IO group, n = 152). Baseline demographics, disease characteristics and therapies applied were collected retrospectively. The primary endpoint was median overall survival calculated either from diagnosis or from the start of checkpoint inhibitor therapy to death or data cut-off (21 July 2021). We used the Kaplan-Meier method and an adjusted Cox proportional-hazards regression model. The expression of programmed-death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumour cells was used for exploratory analysis. RESULTS Patients had a median age of 68.4 years, most were male (61.7%) and more than half were current or former smokers (65%). A test for PD-L1 expression was available for 55.8% of the tumours. Patients in the IO group were younger than patients in the no-IO group. Among the 122 patients in the IO group, the median overall survival was 15 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 12-20). In the no-IO group, the median overall survival was 4 months (95% CI 3-7) with chemotherapy and 2 months (95% CI 1-2) with best supportive care. Patients with high (≥50%) PD-L1 expression and checkpoint inhibitor therapy had a slightly longer overall survival than patients with low PD-L1 and checkpoint inhibitor therapy. CONCLUSION These results suggest that treatment with checkpoint inhibitors improves overall survival in patients with metastatic NSCLC and that PD-L1 expression could have a predictive value in patients treated outside of clinical trials. Further studies are needed to study the magnitude of the benefit of checkpoint inhibitors according to molecular NSCLC subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Dyntar
- Cancer Registry of Central Switzerland, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Lehnick
- Biostatistics and Methodology, Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Marco Dressler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinic Hirslanden St Anna, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Kristin Zeidler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Nidwalden, Stans, Switzerland
| | | | - Jeanne Godau
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Uri, Altdorf, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Diebold
- Institute of Pathology, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Gautschi
- University of Bern and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Switzerland
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9
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Drilon A, Subbiah V, Gautschi O, Tomasini P, de Braud F, Solomon BJ, Shao-Weng Tan D, Alonso G, Wolf J, Park K, Goto K, Soldatenkova V, Szymczak S, Barker SS, Puri T, Bence Lin A, Loong H, Besse B. Selpercatinib in Patients With RET Fusion-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Updated Safety and Efficacy From the Registrational LIBRETTO-001 Phase I/II Trial. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:385-394. [PMID: 36122315 PMCID: PMC9839260 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.00393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Selpercatinib, a first-in-class, highly selective, and potent CNS-active RET kinase inhibitor, is currently approved for the treatment of patients with RET fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We provide a registrational data set update in more than double (n = 316) of the original reported population (n = 144) and better characterization of long-term efficacy and safety. METHODS Patients were enrolled to LIBRETTO-001, a phase I/II, single-arm, open-label study of selpercatinib in patients with RET-altered cancers. An analysis of patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLC, including 69 treatment-naive and 247 with prior platinum-based chemotherapy, was performed. The primary end point was objective response rate (ORR; RECIST v1.1, independent review committee). Secondary end points included duration of response (DoR), progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival, and safety. RESULTS In treatment-naive patients, the ORR was 84% (95% CI, 73 to 92); 6% achieved complete responses (CRs). The median DoR was 20.2 months (95% CI, 13.0 to could not be evaluated); 40% of responses were ongoing at the data cutoff (median follow-up of 20.3 months). The median PFS was 22.0 months; 35% of patients were alive and progression-free at the data cutoff (median follow-up of 21.9 months). In platinum-based chemotherapy pretreated patients, the ORR was 61% (95% CI, 55 to 67); 7% achieved CRs. The median DoR was 28.6 months (95% CI, 20.4 to could not be evaluated); 49% of responses were ongoing (median follow-up of 21.2 months). The median PFS was 24.9 months; 38% of patients were alive and progression-free (median follow-up of 24.7 months). Of 26 patients with measurable baseline CNS metastasis by the independent review committee, the intracranial ORR was 85% (95% CI, 65 to 96); 27% were CRs. In the full safety population (n = 796), the median treatment duration was 36.1 months. The safety profile of selpercatinib was consistent with previous reports. CONCLUSION In a large cohort with extended follow-up, selpercatinib continued to demonstrate durable and robust responses, including intracranial activity, in previously treated and treatment-naive patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Drilon
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Oliver Gautschi
- University of Berne and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | - Guzmán Alonso
- Vall d'Hebron University Hospital and Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jürgen Wolf
- Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Keunchil Park
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Koichi Goto
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Herbert Loong
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Paris-Saclay University, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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10
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Mushtaq R, Cortot AB, Gautschi O, Mazieres J, Camidge DR. PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor activity in patients with gene-rearrangement positive non-small cell lung cancer-an IMMUNOTARGET case series. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2022; 11:2412-2417. [PMID: 36636412 PMCID: PMC9830270 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-22-329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Prior IMMUNOTARGET registry data had suggested that responses to immune [anti PD(L)1] monotherapy in gene-arranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were rare or absent, depending on the specific oncogene. Methods IMMUNOTARGET sites reporting prior registry data or new individual cases of gene rearranged NSCLC seeming to benefit from immune monotherapy were explored in detail looking to both validate their diagnosis of a functional gene rearrangement and to look for features potentially differentiating them from other such cases associated with low response rates. Results Five cases of NSCLC with a gene rearrangement with reported responses or prolonged stabilization from immune monotherapy were identified in total. All had little or no prior smoking history and had programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) values ranging from zero to 100%. A confirmed rearrangement partner was reported in only 2 of the cases (CD74-ROS1 and KIF5B-RET), however in one of the other three cases [analplastic lymophoma kinase (ALK)], significant benefit from a relevant prior targeted therapy was noted, also consistent with the rearrangement status being correctly assigned. Conclusions Not all driver oncogene subtypes of NSCLC are equally responsive to immune monotherapy, however even among patients with well-validated gene rearranged NSCLC which has traditionally been considered immune hyporesponsive, objective responses can occur. Additional explorations of the features associated with and underlying the immune hypo-responsiveness of most, but not all, cases of gene-rearranged NSCLC are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rao Mushtaq
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Alexis B. Cortot
- Université de Lille, CHU Lille, Thoracic Oncology Department, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR9020-UMR-S 1277-Canther, Lille, France
| | | | - Julien Mazieres
- Thoracic Oncology Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Larrey Hospital, Chemin de Pouvourville, Toulouse, France
| | - D. Ross Camidge
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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11
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Schuler A, Huser J, Schaer S, Schmid S, Scherz A, Gautschi O, Mauti L, Von Briel T, Waibel C, Wannesson De Nicola L, Pankovics J, Mark M, Rothschild S, Addeo A, Janthur WD, Siano M, Britschgi C, Frueh M. 365P Patterns of progression on first-line osimertinib in patients with EGFR mutation-positive advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): A Swiss cohort study. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
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12
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Dankner M, Wang Y, Fazelzad R, Johnson B, Nebhan CA, Dagogo-Jack I, Myall NJ, Richtig G, Bracht JW, Gerlinger M, Shinozaki E, Yoshino T, Kotani D, Fangusaro JR, Gautschi O, Mazieres J, Sosman JA, Kopetz S, Subbiah V, Davies MA, Groover AL, Sullivan RJ, Flaherty KT, Johnson DB, Benedetti A, Cescon DW, Spreafico A, Zogopoulos G, Rose AA. Clinical Activity of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Targeted Therapies in Patients With Non-V600 BRAF-Mutant Tumors. JCO Precis Oncol 2022; 6:e2200107. [PMID: 35977349 PMCID: PMC10530862 DOI: 10.1200/po.22.00107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-V600 mutations comprise approximately 35% of all BRAF mutations in cancer. Many of these mutations have been identified as oncogenic drivers and can be classified into three classes according to molecular characteristics. Consensus treatment strategies for class 2 and 3 BRAF mutations have not yet been established. METHODS We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis with published reports of individual patients with cancer harboring class 2 or 3 BRAF mutations from 2010 to 2021, to assess treatment outcomes with US Food and Drug Administration-approved mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway targeted therapy (MAPK TT) according to BRAF class, cancer type, and MAPK TT type. Coprimary outcomes were response rate and progression-free survival. RESULTS A total of 18,167 studies were screened, identifying 80 studies with 238 patients who met inclusion criteria. This included 167 patients with class 2 and 71 patients with class 3 BRAF mutations. Overall, 77 patients achieved a treatment response. In both univariate and multivariable analyses, response rate and progression-free survival were higher among patients with class 2 compared with class 3 mutations, findings that remain when analyses are restricted to patients with melanoma or lung primary cancers. MEK ± BRAF inhibitors demonstrated greater clinical activity in class 2 compared with class 3 BRAF-mutant tumors than BRAF or EGFR inhibitors. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis suggests that MAPK TTs have clinical activity in some class 2 and 3 BRAF-mutant cancers. BRAF class may dictate responsiveness to current and emerging treatment strategies, particularly in melanoma and lung cancers. Together, this analysis provides clinical validation of predictions made on the basis of a mutation classification system established in the preclinical literature. Further evaluation with prospective clinical trials is needed for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Dankner
- Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Yifan Wang
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Rouhi Fazelzad
- Library and Information Services, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benny Johnson
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Houston, TX
| | | | - Ibiayi Dagogo-Jack
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Georg Richtig
- Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Marco Gerlinger
- Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London and St Bartholomew's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eiji Shinozaki
- Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research Cancer Institute Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Yoshino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kotani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | - Oliver Gautschi
- University of Bern and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Julien Mazieres
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Scott Kopetz
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, Houston, TX
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Ryan J. Sullivan
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Keith T. Flaherty
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Andrea Benedetti
- Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - David W. Cescon
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Spreafico
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - George Zogopoulos
- Rosalind and Morris Goodman Cancer Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - April A.N. Rose
- Lady Davis Institute, Segal Cancer Centre, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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13
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Rajaram R, Sholl LM, Dacic S, Goldman JW, Tan DSW, Gautschi O, Loong HHF, De Braud FG, Massarelli E, Levy BP, Dy GK, Kang S, Szymczak S, Chao BH, Drilon AE. LIBRETTO-001 cohort 7: A single-arm, phase 2 study of neoadjuvant selpercatinib in patients with resectable stage IB-IIIA RET fusion-positive NSCLC. J Clin Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2022.40.16_suppl.tps8594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TPS8594 Background: Despite definitive surgery and perioperative chemotherapy, many patients with locoregional non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) continue to experience recurrent disease and limited survival. Although targeted therapies are standard treatment for metastatic NSCLC with genomic alterations, their use in the early-stage setting is still being characterized. Initial studies examining targeted therapy in neoadjuvant setting for early-stage epidermal growth factor receptor positive NSCLC has shown promise. Selpercatinib is a highly selective, potent, and central nervous system active rearranged during transfection (RET) inhibitor with demonstrated robust and sustained antitumor activity and manageable toxicity in patients with RET fusion-positive advanced NSCLC. Cohort 7 of the Phase 2, open-label, single arm LIBRETTO-001 study evaluates efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant selpercatinib in patients with resectable stage IB-IIIA RET fusion-positive NSCLC (NCT03157128). Methods: Key eligibility criteria include age ≥18 years; histologically confirmed stage IB–IIIA NSCLC (AJCC, version 8); presence of RET fusion in tumor (by PCR or NGS) or blood (by NGS) (pre-treatment biopsy confirmed); resectable and operable tumor; measurable disease (RECIST 1.1); and ECOG performance status 0-1. Key exclusion criteria include presence of other known oncogenic drivers; and concurrent investigational anticancer therapy. Eligible patients will undergo full staging including radiographic tumor measurements using CT, PET, and brain MRI at baseline and after two 28-day cycles of neoadjuvant selpercatinib, followed by surgery. Dosing regimen is 160 mg twice daily. Resected tumor specimens will be sent to an Independent Pathology Review Committee (IPRC) for evaluation. Patients may then be treated with stage-appropriate adjuvant therapy/surveillance, based on the treating physician’s decision, followed by selpercatinib until disease recurrence, unacceptable toxicity, withdrawal, or death, for a maximum treatment duration of 3 years. The primary endpoint is to determine the rate of major pathologic response (MPR) by IPRC, defined as ≤ 10% residual viable tumor cells in the surgically resected specimen. Efficacy based on the MPR will be assessed using the Simon's 2-stage design. In Stage I, 9 patients will be enrolled; if ≤1 patient achieves an MPR, the study will be stopped. Otherwise, at least 10 additional patients will be enrolled, with a total of 19 patients undergoing surgery. The rate of pathologic complete response (pCR) by IPRC, disease-free survival, and overall survival will be assessed as secondary endpoints. pCR rate will be determined at the time of surgery, indicating no remaining viable tumor cells. Safety of peri-operative treatment will be assessed, including 30- and 90-day post-operative readmission and mortality rates. Clinical trial information: NCT03157128.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Rajaram
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lynette M. Sholl
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sanja Dacic
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Jonathan W. Goldman
- David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Daniel Shao-Weng Tan
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oliver Gautschi
- University of Berne and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | | | - Filippo G. De Braud
- Department of Medical Oncology ENETS Center of Excellence, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Tumori Milano/Oncology and Hemato-Oncology Department, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Erminia Massarelli
- Department of Medical Oncology and Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Benjamin Philip Levy
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| | - Grace K. Dy
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York, NY
| | | | | | | | - Alexander E. Drilon
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
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14
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Luigi Banna G, Addeo A, Zygoura P, Tsourti Z, Popat S, Curioni-Fontecedro A, Nadal E, Shah R, Pope A, Fisher P, Spicer J, Roy A, Gilligan D, Gautschi O, Janthur WD, López-Castro R, Roschitzki-Voser H, Dafni U, Peters S, Stahel RA. A prognostic score for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) receiving second-line immunotherapy or chemotherapy in the ETOP 9–15 PROMISE-meso phase III trial. Lung Cancer 2022; 169:77-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Allmann V, Gautschi O, Lehnick D, Dyntar D, Schwegler C, Dressler M, Godau J, Niederberger P, Zeidler K, Diebold J. 46P Prognostic impact of immune checkpoint inhibition in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Real-world study in central Switzerland. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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16
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Drilon A, Subbiah V, Gautschi O, Tomasini P, De Braud F, Solomon B, Shao-Weng Tan D, Alonso G, Wolf J, Park K, Goto K, Soldatenkova V, Szymczak S, Barker S, Puri T, Lin A, Loong H, Besse B. 27P Durability of efficacy and safety with selpercatinib in patients (pts) with RET fusion+ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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17
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Pardo E, Barbier M, Panje C, Gautschi O, Lupatsch J. P08.03 Cost-Effectiveness of Pembrolizumab With or Without Chemotherapy for Stage IV Non-Squamous NSCLC with High PD-L1 in Switzerland. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Gautschi O, Diebold J. Intracranial Activity of Osimertinib Plus Capmatinib in a Patient With EGFR and MET-Driven Lung Cancer: Case Report. JTO Clin Res Rep 2021; 2:100162. [PMID: 34590012 PMCID: PMC8474278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtocrr.2021.100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously published in the Journal of Thoracic Oncology the case of a patient with EGFR and MET-driven lung cancer and extracranial response to capmatinib and osimertinib. Here, we report on a second patient treated with the same combination, revealing complete and durable intracranial response. Adding capmatinib to osimertinib seems to be an effective salvage therapy for patients with EGFR-mutant lung cancer and acquired MET amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Gautschi
- Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Cancer Center, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Diebold
- Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Cancer Center, Lucerne, Switzerland
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19
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Osarogiagbon R, Nishimura K, Porta RR, Montuenga L, Giroux D, Suda K, Araujo L, Detterbeck F, Gautschi O, Kerr K, Kneuertz P, Mack P, Matilla J, Nicholson A, Pass H, Presley C, Terra R, Wistuba I, Yang D, Yatabe Y, Travis W, Tsao M, Asamura H, Rusch V, Hirsch F, Carbone D. OA06.04 Constructing a Global Molecular Database for Thoracic Malignancies: The IASLC Molecular Subcommittee Lung Cancer Dataset. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.08.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Niederberger P, Christ M, Gautschi O. Onkologische Notfälle mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Nebenwirkungen von Checkpoint-Inhibitoren. Notf Rett Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10049-020-00811-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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21
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Subbiah V, Gainor JF, Oxnard GR, Tan DSW, Owen DH, Cho BC, Loong HH, McCoach CE, Weiss J, Kim YJ, Bazhenova L, Park K, Daga H, Besse B, Gautschi O, Rolfo C, Zhu EY, Kherani JF, Huang X, Kang S, Drilon A. Intracranial Efficacy of Selpercatinib in RET Fusion-Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancers on the LIBRETTO-001 Trial. Clin Cancer Res 2021; 27:4160-4167. [PMID: 34088726 PMCID: PMC8447251 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-21-0800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We report the intracranial efficacy of selpercatinib, a highly potent and selective RET inhibitor, approved in the United States for RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC). PATIENTS AND METHODS In the global phase 1/2 LIBRETTO-001 trial (NCT03157128) in advanced RET-altered solid tumors, selpercatinib was dosed orally (160 mg twice every day) in 28-day cycles. Patients with baseline intracranial metastases had MRI/CT scans every 8 weeks for 1 year (12 weeks thereafter). In this pre-planned analysis of patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLC with baseline intracranial metastases, the primary endpoint was independently assessed intracranial objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST 1.1. Secondary endpoints included intracranial disease control rate, intracranial duration of response, and intracranial progression-free survival (PFS) independently reviewed. RESULTS Eighty patients with NSCLC had brain metastases at baseline. Patients were heavily pretreated (median = 2 systemic therapies, range = 0-10); 56% of patients received ≥1 course of intracranial radiation (14% whole brain radiotherapy, 45% stereotactic radiosurgery). Among 22 patients with measurable intracranial disease at baseline, intracranial ORR was 82% [95% confidence interval (CI), 60-95], including 23% with complete responses. Among all intracranial responders (measurable and nonmeasurable, n = 38), median duration of intracranial response was not reached (95% CI, 9.3-NE) at a median duration of follow-up of 9.5 months (IQR = 5.7, 12.0). At 12 months, 55% of intracranial responses were ongoing. In all 80 patients, median intracranial PFS was 13.7 months (95% CI, 10.9-NE) at a median duration of follow-up of 11.0 months (IQR = 7.4, 16.5). No new safety signals were revealed in patients with brain metastases compared with the full NSCLC trial population. CONCLUSIONS Selpercatinib has robust and durable intracranial efficacy in patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Subbiah
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.
| | - Justin F Gainor
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Daniel S W Tan
- National Cancer Centre Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | | | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Caroline E McCoach
- University of California San Francisco, Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, California
| | - Jared Weiss
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Yu Jung Kim
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Lyudmila Bazhenova
- University of California, San Diego Moores Cancer Center, San Diego, California
| | - Keunchil Park
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Benjamin Besse
- Institut Gustav Roussy, Villejuif, France; Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France
| | - Oliver Gautschi
- University of Berne and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Center for Thoracic Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute Mount Sinai Medical System- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Edward Y Zhu
- Loxo Oncology, a subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jennifer F Kherani
- Loxo Oncology, a subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Xin Huang
- Loxo Oncology, a subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Suhyun Kang
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Alexander Drilon
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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Barbier MC, Pardo E, Panje CM, Gautschi O, Lupatsch JE. A cost-effectiveness analysis of pembrolizumab with or without chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with metastatic, non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer and high PD-L1 expression in Switzerland. Eur J Health Econ 2021; 22:669-677. [PMID: 33745093 PMCID: PMC8214587 DOI: 10.1007/s10198-021-01282-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pembrolizumab monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy are two new treatment options for patients with metastatic non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and high (≥ 50%) programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. We conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis for Switzerland comparing these two options but also pembrolizumab to chemotherapy. METHODS We constructed a 3-state Markov model with a time horizon of 10 years. Parametric functions were fitted to Kaplan-Meier overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) using 2-year follow-up data from the KN-024 and KN-189 registration trials. We included estimated costs for further treatment lines and costs for best supportive care. Costs were assessed from the Swiss healthcare payer perspective. We used published utility values. RESULTS Combination therapy resulted in an expected gain of 0.17 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) per patient and incremental costs of Swiss Francs (CHF) 81,085 as compared to pembrolizumab. These estimates led to an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of CHF 475,299/QALY. Pembrolizumab in comparison to chemotherapy was estimated to generate mean incremental QALYs of 0.83 and incremental costs of CHF 56,585, resulting in an ICER of CHF 68,580/QALY. Results were most sensitive to changes in costs of 1L pembrolizumab and combination therapy, together with changes in PFS. In the probabilistic sensitivity analysis, we estimated combination therapy was cost-effective in 4.9% of the simulations and pembrolizumab monotherapy in 82.9%, assuming a willingness-to-pay threshold of CHF 100,000 per QALY gained. CONCLUSIONS Pembrolizumab is likely to be cost-effective from the Swiss healthcare payer perspective, whereas pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy is not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Carla Barbier
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Medicine (ECPM), University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Esther Pardo
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Cédric Michael Panje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Gautschi
- Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
- University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Judith Eva Lupatsch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Medicine (ECPM), University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 61, 4056, Basel, Switzerland
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Wirth LJ, Sherman EJ, Robinson B, Solomon B, Kang H, Lorch JH, Worden F, Brose MS, Leboulleux S, Godbert Y, Meurer M, Morris J, Owonikoko TK, Shao-Weng Tan D, Gautschi O, Patel J, Yang L, Kherani J, Cabanillas ME, Shah MH. O10-3 Selpercatinib (LOXO-292) in patients (pts) with RET-altered thyroid cancer. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.05.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Subbiah V, Konda B, Bauer T, McCoach C, Falchook G, Takeda M, Patel J, Weiss J, Peled N, Bazhenova L, Soldatenkova V, French P, Drove N, Gautschi O, Drilon A. Abstract CT011: Efficacy and safety of selpercatinib in RET fusion-positive cancers other than lung or thyroid cancers. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-ct011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: Selpercatinib, a first-in-class highly selective and potent RET kinase inhibitor, is approved in multiple countries for the treatment of RET fusion-positive lung or thyroid cancers. RET fusions are also implicated in the pathogenesis of other cancers. Selpercatinib's efficacy and safety were thus explored in patients (pts) with RET fusion-positive non-lung/non-thyroid cancers in a global, multicenter, registrational trial. Methods: Adults with locally advanced or metastatic RET fusion-positive non-lung/non-thyroid solid tumors enrolled in the phase 1/2 LIBRETTO-001 trial (NCT03157128) were included in this analysis (data cut-off: 19 March 2021). Following dose escalation, pts received the recommended dose of 160 mg orally, twice daily. Pts enrolled long enough to allow 6-month follow-up from their first dose comprised the efficacy-evaluable population. Response was assessed (RECIST 1.1) by investigators. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included duration of response (DoR), time to response, and safety. Results: Thirty-two pts with RET fusion-positive non-lung/non-thyroid cancers included 12 unique tumor types: 9 pancreatic, 9 colon, 2 each of breast, salivary, sarcoma, and unknown primary, and 1 each of carcinoid, rectal neuroendocrine, small intestine, xanthogranuloma, ovarian, and pulmonary carcinosarcoma. The median age was 48 years (range 22-85). Twenty-nine pts received prior systemic therapy (median prior lines: 2, range 0-9). The ORR was 47% (N=15/32, 95% CI: 29-65). Objective responses were observed in 9 unique cancer types including colon, pancreatic, carcinoid, small intestine, salivary, xanthogranuloma, breast, ovarian, and sarcoma, and 5 additional patients had stable disease lasting ≥ 16 weeks. Median time to response was 1.9 months (range 0.7-7.3). Median DoR was not reached (median follow-up time of 13 months). Responses were ongoing in 73% (11/15) of pts. Safety among this population was consistent with the overall selpercatinib safety database. No patients in this cohort discontinued due to treatment-related AEs. Conclusion: Selpercatinib demonstrated promising antitumor activity in RET fusion-positive non-lung/non-thyroid cancers, including multiple treatment-refractory GI malignancies. Broad-based genomic profiling is essential to identify actionable oncogenic drivers, including RET fusions. The safety and efficacy of selpercatinib will continue to be explored in pts with these cancers in the ongoing LIBRETTO-001 study.
Citation Format: Vivek Subbiah, Bhavana Konda, Todd Bauer, Caroline McCoach, Gerald Falchook, Masayuki Takeda, Jyoti Patel, Jared Weiss, Nir Peled, Lyudmila Bazhenova, Victoria Soldatenkova, Pearl French, Nora Drove, Oliver Gautschi, Alexander Drilon. Efficacy and safety of selpercatinib in RET fusion-positive cancers other than lung or thyroid cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr CT011.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bhavana Konda
- The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Todd Bauer
- Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology, PLLC, Nashville, TN
| | - Caroline McCoach
- UCSF Helen Diller Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - Masayuki Takeda
- Kindai University Hospital Faculty of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jyoti Patel
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Jared Weiss
- University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Nir Peled
- Shaare Zedek Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | - Oliver Gautschi
- University of Berne and Cantonal Hospital of Luzerne, Luzerne, Switzerland
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Drilon AE, Gautschi O, Besse B, Subbiah V, Tan DSW, Park K, De Braud FG, Alonso G, Wolf J, Soldatenkova V, French PP, Lin AK, Goto K, Solomon BJ. Response to selpercatinib versus prior systemic therapy in patients (pts) with RET fusion+ non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.9032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9032 Background: Selpercatinib, a first-in-class highly selective, potent, CNS-active RET kinase inhibitor, is approved in multiple countries for treatment of RET fusion+ lung or thyroid cancers. Selpercatinib demonstrated durable antitumor activity in previously treated pts with RET fusion+ NSCLC in an ongoing Phase 1/2 trial, LIBRETTO-001 (Besse et al., ASCO 2021). Methods: Pts with RET fusion+ NSCLC enrolled in the global, multicenter, LIBRETTO-001 trial (NCT03157128; 16 countries, 89 sites). Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR). Secondary endpoints included progression-free survival, duration of response, and safety. This post-hoc intrapatient analysis was based on a 30 March 2020 data cutoff date. Historical physician-reported best overall response (BOR) from last systemic therapy received prior to enrollment was compared with selpercatinib BOR by independent review committee per RECIST v1.1, with each patient serving as his/her own control. Results: In efficacy-evaluable pts (N = 218) who previously received platinum-based chemotherapy (chemo), median pt age was 61 years, the majority with ECOG of 0/1 (37%/61%), with a median of 2 (range: 1-15) prior systemic therapies. Overall, 57% of patients responded to selpercatinib while 16% responded to the immediate prior therapy. ORR improvements with selpercatinib were observed regardless of prior therapy: chemotherapy + immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) (57% vs 14%), single-agent ICI (48% vs 3%), or chemotherapy (58% vs 15%). A total of 108 patients (49%) did not respond to immediate prior therapy but responded to selpercatinib. Fewer patients had progressive disease as their BOR with selpercatinib (2%) compared to the immediate prior therapy (28%). The median duration of therapy for selpercatinib was notably extended compared with that of the immediate prior therapy (11.8 vs. 3.4 months, respectively). Conclusions: In pts with RET fusion+ NSCLC treated on LIBRETTO-001, systemic therapies administered prior to enrollment achieved less meaningful clinical benefit than selpercatinib. Selpercatinib demonstrated consistent efficacy regardless of the type of prior therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT03157128.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E. Drilon
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Oliver Gautschi
- University of Berne and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin Besse
- Department of Medicine and Thoracic Pathology Committee, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Filippo G. De Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, ENETS Center of Excellence, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori and Oncology and Hemato-oncology Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Guzman Alonso
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Medical Oncology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital (HUVH), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juergen Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Koichi Goto
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Benjamin J. Solomon
- Department of Medical Oncology and Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Besse B, Drilon AE, Solomon BJ, Subbiah V, Tan DSW, Park K, De Braud FG, Alonso G, Wolf J, Soldatenkova V, Lin AK, French PP, Goto K, Gautschi O. Updated overall efficacy and safety of selpercatinib in patients (pts) with RET fusion+ non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.9065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9065 Background: Selpercatinib, a first-in-class highly selective and potent, CNS-active RET kinase inhibitor, is approved in multiple countries for treatment of RET fusion+ lung or thyroid cancers. Here we report an update of efficacy and safety results which provide a longer follow up and increased number of patients (safety population: N = 345 vs N = 329). Methods: Pts with RET fusion+ NSCLC enrolled in the global, multicenter, ongoing LIBRETTO-001 trial (NCT03157128; 16 countries, 89 sites) were included in this analysis. Pts with the opportunity to be followed ≥6 months from their first dose were included in the efficacy-evaluable population for these analyses. Integrated analysis set (IAS) included 218 NSCLC pts with prior platinum-chemotherapy. Primary analysis set (PAS) was a subset of the IAS and included the first 105 consecutively enrolled pts. The treatment-naïve population included 48 efficacy-evaluable pts. Primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR, RECIST v1.1) by independent review committee (IRC). Secondary endpoints included ORR by investigator, duration of response (DoR), progression-free survival (PFS), clinical benefit rate (CBR; CR+PR+SD ≥16 weeks), and safety. Safety population (N = 345) included all pts with NSCLC who received ≥1 selpercatinib dose by data cutoff (30 Mar 2020). Results: In pts with prior treatment (N = 218) and treatment-naïve (N = 48) pts, 56% and 60% were female, with a median pt age of 61 and 64 years, respectively. The ORR with selpercatinib was 57% in the IAS, 64% in the PAS, and 85% in the treatment-naïve population (Table). In both the IAS and PAS, the median DoR was 17.5 months, median PFS was 19.3 months at median follow-up of 12.0 and 15.7 months, respectively (Table). The most common treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) reported in ≥25% of pts were dry mouth, diarrhea, hypertension, increased ALT/AST, edema peripheral, and fatigue. Twenty-five pts (7%) permanently discontinued due to TEAEs, with 10 pts (3%) discontinuing selpercatinib due to treatment-related AEs as per investigator. Conclusions: In this updated data set, selpercatinib continued to demonstrate durable antitumor activity in pts with RET-fusion+ NSCLC. Selpercatinib was well-tolerated with a safety profile consistent with previous reports. A global, randomized, phase 3 trial (LIBRETTO-431) evaluating selpercatinib compared with standard frontline therapy is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT03157128. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Besse
- Department of Medicine and Thoracic Pathology Committee, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexander E. Drilon
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | - Benjamin J. Solomon
- Department of Medical Oncology and Research Division, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Filippo G. De Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, ENETS Center of Excellence, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori and Oncology and Hemato-oncology Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Guzman Alonso
- Vall d’Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Medical Oncology, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital (HUVH), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juergen Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Koichi Goto
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | - Oliver Gautschi
- University of Berne and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Froesch P, Mark M, Rothschild SI, Li Q, Godar G, Rusterholz C, Oppliger Leibundgut E, Schmid S, Colombo I, Metaxas Y, König D, Sessa C, Gautschi O, Früh M. Binimetinib, pemetrexed and cisplatin, followed by maintenance of binimetinib and pemetrexed in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and KRAS mutations. The phase 1B SAKK 19/16 trial. Lung Cancer 2021; 156:91-99. [PMID: 33933896 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND KRAS mutations are found in 20-25 % of non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and therapies targeting the RAS/MEK/ERK pathway are in development. We performed a multicenter open-label phase 1B trial to determine the recommended phase 2 dose and early antitumor activity of the MEK-inhibitor binimetinib combined with cisplatin and pemetrexed. METHODS Eligible patients (pts) had stage III-IV NSCLC unsuitable for curative treatment, KRAS exon 2 or 3 (codon 12, 13 or 61) mutations, no prior systemic therapy. Pts were enrolled into part 1: 3 + 3 design with dose escalation in 2 dose levels (DL) of binimetinib and part 2: expansion cohort at the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). Pts received 4 cycles of cisplatin 75 mg/m2, pemetrexed 500 mg/m2and binimetinib 30 (DL1)/45 mg (DL2) orally twice a day (bid) d1-14 q3w followed by pemetrexed and binimetinib until progressive disease (PD) or unacceptable toxicity. RESULTS From May 2017 to Dec 2019, 18 pts (13 dose escalation, 5 expansion cohort) were enrolled. Median age was 60 (48-73, range). KRAS mutations were 87.5 % at codon 12. No DLT occurred in the dose escalation cohort. Median number of cycles was 2 (1-17, range). Treatment discontinuation was mainly due to PD (33 %) or pts/physicians' decision (27 %). Together with the expansion cohort, 16 pts were evaluable for safety. Most frequent treatment-related grade 3 AEs were lung infection (25 %), fatigue (19 %), anemia (19 %). Overall response rate among 9 evaluable pts receiving binimetinib at MTD (45 mg bid) was 33 % (7-70 %, 95 % CI). Median progression-free survival was 5.7 months (1.1-14.0, 95 % CI) and overall survival 6.5 months (1.8-NR, 95 % CI). CONCLUSIONS Pts treated with combination of cisplatin, pemetrexed and binimetinib presented no unexpected toxicity. No early signal of increased antitumor activity of binimetinib added to chemotherapy was observed in our pts population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Froesch
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Via Ospedale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Michael Mark
- Department of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Loëstrasse 170, 7000 Chur, Switzerland.
| | - Sacha I Rothschild
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Qiyu Li
- SAKK Coordinating Center, Effingerstrasse 33, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Gilles Godar
- SAKK Coordinating Center, Effingerstrasse 33, 3008 Bern, Switzerland.
| | | | - Elisabeth Oppliger Leibundgut
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital Bern, and Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), Bern University, 3010 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Sabine Schmid
- Department of Oncology/Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 95, 9007 St.Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Ilaria Colombo
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Via Ospedale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Yannis Metaxas
- Department of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Cantonal Hospital Graubünden, Loëstrasse 170, 7000 Chur, Switzerland.
| | - David König
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Cristiana Sessa
- Oncology Institute of Southern Switzerland, Via Ospedale, 6500 Bellinzona, Switzerland.
| | - Oliver Gautschi
- Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Spitalstrasse, 6004 Lucerne, Switzerland; University of Berne, Hochschulstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Martin Früh
- University of Berne, Hochschulstrasse 6, 3012 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Oncology/Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St.Gallen, Rorschacher Strasse 95, 9007 St.Gallen, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Ten years ago, RET-fusions were discovered as oncogenic drivers and potential drug targets in approximately 1% of metastatic lung adenocarcinomas. Several multikinase inhibitors were tested in clinical trials, however, their antitumor activity was limited. Recently, two selective and potent RET-inhibitors were approved for the treatment of patients with metastatic RET-fusion-positive lung cancer (RET-NSCLC). Here, we discuss the two RET-inhibitors selpercatinib and pralsetinib, and the management of patients with RET-fusion positive NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Pall
- University Hospital of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Oliver Gautschi
- Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Spitalstrasse, 6004, Lucerne, Switzerland.
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Panje C, Lupatsch J, Barbier M, Pardo E, Lorez M, Dedes K, Aebersold D, Plasswilm L, Gautschi O, Schwenkglenks M. PO-1013: A cost-effectiveness analysis of consolidation immunotherapy with durvalumab in stage III NSCLC. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)01030-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Popat S, Curioni-Fontecedro A, Dafni U, Shah R, O'Brien M, Pope A, Fisher P, Spicer J, Roy A, Gilligan D, Gautschi O, Nadal E, Janthur WD, López Castro R, García Campelo R, Rusakiewicz S, Letovanec I, Polydoropoulou V, Roschitzki-Voser H, Ruepp B, Gasca-Ruchti A, Peters S, Stahel RA. A multicentre randomised phase III trial comparing pembrolizumab versus single-agent chemotherapy for advanced pre-treated malignant pleural mesothelioma: the European Thoracic Oncology Platform (ETOP 9-15) PROMISE-meso trial. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:1734-1745. [PMID: 32976938 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is an aggressive malignancy characterised by limited treatment options and a poor prognosis. At relapse after platinum-based chemotherapy, single-agent chemotherapy is commonly used and single-arm trials of immune-checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated encouraging activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS PROMISE-meso is an open-label 1:1 randomised phase III trial investigating the efficacy of pembrolizumab (200 mg/Q3W) versus institutional choice single-agent chemotherapy (gemcitabine or vinorelbine) in relapsed MPM patients with progression after/on previous platinum-based chemotherapy. Patients were performance status 0-1 and unselected for programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) status. At progression, patients randomly assigned to receive chemotherapy were allowed to crossover to pembrolizumab. The primary end point was progression-free survival (PFS), assessed by blinded independent central review (BICR). Secondary end points were overall survival (OS), investigator-assessed PFS, objective response rate (ORR), and safety. Efficacy by PD-L1 status was investigated in exploratory analyses. RESULTS Between September 2017 and August 2018, 144 patients were randomly allocated (pembrolizumab: 73; chemotherapy: 71). At data cut-off [20 February 2019, median follow-up of 11.8 months (interquartile range: 9.9-14.5)], 118 BICR-PFS events were observed. No difference in BICR-PFS was detected [hazard ratio = 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.73-1.53; P = 0.76], and median BICR-PFS (95% CI) for pembrolizumab was 2.5 (2.1-4.2), compared with 3.4 (2.2-4.3) months for chemotherapy. A difference in ORR for pembrolizumab was identified (22%, 95% CI: 13% to 33%), over chemotherapy (6%, 95% CI: 2% to 14%; P = 0.004). Forty-five patients (63%) assigned to chemotherapy received pembrolizumab at progression. With follow-up to 21 August 2019 [17.5 months: (14.8-19.7)], no difference in OS was detected between groups (HR = 1.12, 95% CI: 0.74-1.69; P = 0.59), even after adjusting for crossover. Pembrolizumab safety was consistent with previous observations. Exploratory efficacy analyses by PD-L1 status demonstrated no improvements in ORR/PFS/OS. CONCLUSION This is the first randomised trial evaluating the efficacy of pembrolizumab in MPM patients progressing after/on previous platinum-based chemotherapy. In biologically unselected patients, although associated with an improved ORR, pembrolizumab improves neither PFS nor OS over single-agent chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Popat
- Royal Marsden Hospital Fulham Road, London, UK
| | - A Curioni-Fontecedro
- University Hospital Zürich, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - U Dafni
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens & Frontier Science Foundation-Hellas, Athens, Greece
| | - R Shah
- Kent Oncology Centre, Maidstone, UK
| | - M O'Brien
- Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton, London, UK
| | - A Pope
- Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Liverpool, UK
| | - P Fisher
- Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - J Spicer
- King's College London, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Roy
- University Hospital Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | | | - O Gautschi
- University of Bern and Cantonal Hospital Luzern, Luzern Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Bern, Switzerland; Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Switzerland (SAKK), Bern
| | - E Nadal
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), L'Hospitalet, Barcelona, Spain
| | - W D Janthur
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research, Switzerland (SAKK), Bern; Cantonal Hospital Aarau, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - R López Castro
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | - S Rusakiewicz
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois CHUV, Centre of Experimental Therapies and Department of Oncology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - I Letovanec
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois CHUV, Institute of Pathology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - B Ruepp
- European Thoracic Oncology Platform (ETOP), Bern, Switzerland
| | - A Gasca-Ruchti
- European Thoracic Oncology Platform (ETOP), Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Peters
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Department of Oncology, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - R A Stahel
- University Hospital Zürich, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Mazieres J, Tomasini P, Lusque A, Boucekine M, Gautschi O, Cortot A, Couraud S, Thai A, Ng T, Greillier L, Veillon R, Neal J, Popat S, Gounant V, Mhanna L, Drilon A, Baron JM, Barlesi F. 1279P Impact of KRAS mutations and subtypes on efficacy of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Drilon A, Oxnard GR, Tan DSW, Loong HHF, Johnson M, Gainor J, McCoach CE, Gautschi O, Besse B, Cho BC, Peled N, Weiss J, Kim YJ, Ohe Y, Nishio M, Park K, Patel J, Seto T, Sakamoto T, Rosen E, Shah MH, Barlesi F, Cassier PA, Bazhenova L, De Braud F, Garralda E, Velcheti V, Satouchi M, Ohashi K, Pennell NA, Reckamp KL, Dy GK, Wolf J, Solomon B, Falchook G, Ebata K, Nguyen M, Nair B, Zhu EY, Yang L, Huang X, Olek E, Rothenberg SM, Goto K, Subbiah V. Efficacy of Selpercatinib in RET Fusion-Positive Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:813-824. [PMID: 32846060 PMCID: PMC7506467 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2005653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RET fusions are oncogenic drivers in 1 to 2% of non-small-cell lung cancers (NSCLCs). In patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLC, the efficacy and safety of selective RET inhibition are unknown. METHODS We enrolled patients with advanced RET fusion-positive NSCLC who had previously received platinum-based chemotherapy and those who were previously untreated separately in a phase 1-2 trial of selpercatinib. The primary end point was an objective response (a complete or partial response) as determined by an independent review committee. Secondary end points included the duration of response, progression-free survival, and safety. RESULTS In the first 105 consecutively enrolled patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLC who had previously received at least platinum-based chemotherapy, the percentage with an objective response was 64% (95% confidence interval [CI], 54 to 73). The median duration of response was 17.5 months (95% CI, 12.0 to could not be evaluated), and 63% of the responses were ongoing at a median follow-up of 12.1 months. Among 39 previously untreated patients, the percentage with an objective response was 85% (95% CI, 70 to 94), and 90% of the responses were ongoing at 6 months. Among 11 patients with measurable central nervous system metastasis at enrollment, the percentage with an objective intracranial response was 91% (95% CI, 59 to 100). The most common adverse events of grade 3 or higher were hypertension (in 14% of the patients), an increased alanine aminotransferase level (in 12%), an increased aspartate aminotransferase level (in 10%), hyponatremia (in 6%), and lymphopenia (in 6%). A total of 12 of 531 patients (2%) discontinued selpercatinib because of a drug-related adverse event. CONCLUSIONS Selpercatinib had durable efficacy, including intracranial activity, with mainly low-grade toxic effects in patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLC who had previously received platinum-based chemotherapy and those who were previously untreated. (Funded by Loxo Oncology and others; LIBRETTO-001 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03157128.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Drilon
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Geoffrey R Oxnard
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Daniel S W Tan
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Herbert H F Loong
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Melissa Johnson
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Justin Gainor
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Caroline E McCoach
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Oliver Gautschi
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Benjamin Besse
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Byoung C Cho
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Nir Peled
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Jared Weiss
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Yu-Jung Kim
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Yuichiro Ohe
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Makoto Nishio
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Keunchil Park
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Jyoti Patel
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Takashi Seto
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Tomohiro Sakamoto
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Ezra Rosen
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Manisha H Shah
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Philippe A Cassier
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Lyudmila Bazhenova
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Filippo De Braud
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Elena Garralda
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Vamsidhar Velcheti
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Miyako Satouchi
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Kadoaki Ohashi
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Nathan A Pennell
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Karen L Reckamp
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Grace K Dy
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Jürgen Wolf
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Benjamin Solomon
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Gerald Falchook
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Kevin Ebata
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Michele Nguyen
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Binoj Nair
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Edward Y Zhu
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Luxi Yang
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Xin Huang
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Elizabeth Olek
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - S Michael Rothenberg
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Koichi Goto
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- From Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College (A.D., E.R.) and New York University Langone Medical Center (V.V.), New York, and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo (G.K.D.) - all in New York; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (G.R.O.) and Massachusetts General Hospital (J.G.), Boston; National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China (H.H.F.L.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute, Nashville (M.J.); University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (C.E.M.), University of California, San Diego, Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla (L.B.), and City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte (K.L.R.) - all in California; University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (B.B.), Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), and Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (P.A.C.) - all in France; Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System (B.C.C.), and Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (K.P.), Seoul, and Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam (Y.J.K.) - all in South Korea; Soroka University Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel (N.P.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J. Weiss); National Cancer Center Hospital (Y.O.) and Cancer Institute Hospital of the Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research (M. Nishio), Tokyo, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Cancer Center, Fukuoka (T. Seto), Tottori University Hospital, Tottori (T. Sakamoto), Hyogo Cancer Center, Akashi (M.S.), Okayama University Hospital, Okayama (K.O.), and National Cancer Center Hospital East, Chiba (K.G.) - all in Japan; University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); the Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.), and Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland (N.A.P.); Istituto Nazionale Tumori-National Cancer Institute, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan (F.D.B.); Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona (E.G.); Center for Integrated Oncology, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany (J. Wolf); Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia (B.S.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute at HealthONE, Denver (G.F.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M. Nguyen, B.N., E.Y.Z., L.Y., X.H., E.O., S.M.R.); and the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S.)
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Wirth LJ, Sherman E, Robinson B, Solomon B, Kang H, Lorch J, Worden F, Brose M, Patel J, Leboulleux S, Godbert Y, Barlesi F, Morris JC, Owonikoko TK, Tan DSW, Gautschi O, Weiss J, de la Fouchardière C, Burkard ME, Laskin J, Taylor MH, Kroiss M, Medioni J, Goldman JW, Bauer TM, Levy B, Zhu VW, Lakhani N, Moreno V, Ebata K, Nguyen M, Heirich D, Zhu EY, Huang X, Yang L, Kherani J, Rothenberg SM, Drilon A, Subbiah V, Shah MH, Cabanillas ME. Efficacy of Selpercatinib in RET-Altered Thyroid Cancers. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:825-835. [PMID: 32846061 PMCID: PMC10777663 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2005651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 363] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND RET mutations occur in 70% of medullary thyroid cancers, and RET fusions occur rarely in other thyroid cancers. In patients with RET-altered thyroid cancers, the efficacy and safety of selective RET inhibition are unknown. METHODS We enrolled patients with RET-mutant medullary thyroid cancer with or without previous vandetanib or cabozantinib treatment, as well as those with previously treated RET fusion-positive thyroid cancer, in a phase 1-2 trial of selpercatinib. The primary end point was an objective response (a complete or partial response), as determined by an independent review committee. Secondary end points included the duration of response, progression-free survival, and safety. RESULTS In the first 55 consecutively enrolled patients with RET-mutant medullary thyroid cancer who had previously received vandetanib, cabozantinib, or both, the percentage who had a response was 69% (95% confidence interval [CI], 55 to 81), and 1-year progression-free survival was 82% (95% CI, 69 to 90). In 88 patients with RET-mutant medullary thyroid cancer who had not previously received vandetanib or cabozantinib, the percentage who had a response was 73% (95% CI, 62 to 82), and 1-year progression-free survival was 92% (95% CI, 82 to 97). In 19 patients with previously treated RET fusion-positive thyroid cancer, the percentage who had a response was 79% (95% CI, 54 to 94), and 1-year progression-free survival was 64% (95% CI, 37 to 82). The most common adverse events of grade 3 or higher were hypertension (in 21% of the patients), increased alanine aminotransferase level (in 11%), increased aspartate aminotransferase level (in 9%), hyponatremia (in 8%), and diarrhea (in 6%). Of all 531 patients treated, 12 (2%) discontinued selpercatinib owing to drug-related adverse events. CONCLUSIONS In this phase 1-2 trial, selpercatinib showed durable efficacy with mainly low-grade toxic effects in patients with medullary thyroid cancer with and without previous vandetanib or cabozantinib treatment. (Funded by Loxo Oncology and others; LIBRETTO-001 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03157128.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori J Wirth
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Eric Sherman
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Bruce Robinson
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Benjamin Solomon
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Hyunseok Kang
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Jochen Lorch
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Francis Worden
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Marcia Brose
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Jyoti Patel
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Sophie Leboulleux
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Yann Godbert
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Fabrice Barlesi
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - John C Morris
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Taofeek K Owonikoko
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Daniel S W Tan
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Oliver Gautschi
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Jared Weiss
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Christelle de la Fouchardière
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Mark E Burkard
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Janessa Laskin
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Matthew H Taylor
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Matthias Kroiss
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Jacques Medioni
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Jonathan W Goldman
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Todd M Bauer
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Benjamin Levy
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Viola W Zhu
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Nehal Lakhani
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Victor Moreno
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Kevin Ebata
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Michele Nguyen
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Dana Heirich
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Edward Y Zhu
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Xin Huang
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Luxi Yang
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Jennifer Kherani
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - S Michael Rothenberg
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Alexander Drilon
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Manisha H Shah
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
| | - Maria E Cabanillas
- From Massachusetts General Hospital (L.J.W.) and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (J. Lorch), Boston; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York (E.S., A.D.); Royal North Shore Hospital, St. Leonards, NSW (B.R.), and Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, VIC (B.S.) - both in Australia; University of California, San Francisco-Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco (H.K.), David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles (J.W.G.), and Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Irvine, Orange (V.W.Z.) - all in California; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor (F.W.), and START Midwest, Grand Rapids (N.L.) - both in Michigan; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (M.B.); University of Chicago, Chicago (J.P.); Gustave Roussy, Villejuif (S.L.), Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux (Y.G.), Aix Marseille University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, INSERM, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Early Phase Cancer Trial Center CLIP2, Hospital La Timone, Marseille (F.B.), Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon (C.D.L.F.), and Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes, Paris (J.M.) - all in France; Mayo Clinic-Rochester, Rochester, MN (J.C.M.); Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta (T.K.O.); National Cancer Center Singapore, Singapore (D.S.W.T.); University of Bern, Bern, and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne - both in Switzerland (O.G.); University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill (J.W.); University of Wisconsin-Carbone Cancer Center, Madison (M.E.B.); British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, Canada (J. Laskin); Oregon Health and Science University, Portland (M.H.T.); Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Würzburg, Germany (M.K.); Sarah Cannon Research Institute-Tennessee Oncology, Nashville (T.M.B.); Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center, Washington, DC (B.L.); Fundación Jimenez Diaz, START-Madrid, Madrid (V.M.); Loxo Oncology, Stamford, CT (K.E., M.N., D.H., E.Y.Z., X.H., L.Y., J.K., S.M.R.); University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston (V.S., M.E.C.); and Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus (M.H.S.)
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Britschgi C, Addeo A, Rechsteiner M, Delaloye R, Früh M, Metro G, Banini M, Gautschi O, Rothschild SI, Wild PJ, Banna GL, Curioni-Fontecedro A. Real-World Treatment Patterns and Survival Outcome in Advanced Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) Rearranged Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1299. [PMID: 32974130 PMCID: PMC7472246 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Survival of ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients has dramatically improved by the use of multiple ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK-TKI). However, still little is known about the impact of drug sequencing and clinical features on survival in a real-world setting. Methods: Patients with stage IV ALK-rearranged NSCLC treated at six centers in Switzerland and Italy were identified and standard clinical variables collected. OS curves were constructed using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared with the log-rank test. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis was applied to determine the correlations between clinical features and OS. In four patients, biopsies were subjected to NGS. Results: One-hundred and twenty-one patients with stage IV ALK-rearranged NSCLC diagnosed between 2011 and 2016 were included. With a median follow-up time of 39.5 months, the median OS from diagnosis of stage IV disease was 48.0 months. First-line treatment consisted of an ALK-TKI in 24% of patients, with crizotinib in 83% of them. Chemotherapy as first-line treatment did not influence OS (p = 0.955). The use of more than one ALK-TKI line positively correlated with OS (p = 0.016), as well as the use of alectinib or lorlatinib in any treatment line, as compared to the use of crizotinib ± ceritinib (p = 0.022). A never smoking history was an independent prognostic factor for OS (p = 0.032). Moreover, treatment with alectinib significantly improved OS. Conclusions: Targeted treatment for ALK-positive NSCLC patients lead to prolonged OS. Smoking status was a negative independent prognostic factor in a multi-variate analysis. The use of alectinib or lorlatinib in any treatment line improved overall outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Britschgi
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Addeo
- Geneva University Hospitals (HUG), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Markus Rechsteiner
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Raphaël Delaloye
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Früh
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.,Department of Oncology, University Hospital of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Giulio Metro
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Marco Banini
- Medical Oncology, Azienda Ospedaliera Di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Oliver Gautschi
- University of Bern and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Sacha I Rothschild
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter J Wild
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Alessandra Curioni-Fontecedro
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Amrein MA, Bührer ED, Amrein ML, Li Q, Rothschild S, Riether C, Jaggi R, Savic-Prince S, Bubendorf L, Gautschi O, Ochsenbein AF. Chemotherapy negatively impacts the tumor immune microenvironment in NSCLC: an analysis of pre- and post-treatment biopsies in the multi-center SAKK19/09 study. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2020; 70:405-415. [PMID: 32767058 PMCID: PMC7889678 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-020-02688-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Over the past few years, immune checkpoint inhibitors have changed the therapeutic landscape of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Response to immune checkpoint inhibitors correlates with a pre-existing anti-tumoral immune response. Checkpoint inhibitors have been introduced as second-line therapy and are only very recently used as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy as first-line treatment of NSCLC. However, the effect of conventional first-line platinum-based chemotherapy on the immune infiltrate in the tumor is largely unknown. Methods We measured the gene expression of a custom set of 201 cancer- and immune-related genes in 100 NSCLC tumor biopsies collected before chemotherapy and 33 re-biopsies after platinum-based chemotherapy at the time point of progression. For 29 patients matched pre- and post-chemotherapy samples could be evaluated. Results We identified a cluster of 47 co-expressed immune genes, including PDCD1 (PD1) and CD274 (PD-L1), along with three other co-expression clusters. Chemotherapy decreased the average gene expression of the immune cluster while no effect was observed on the other three cluster. Within this immune cluster, CTLA4, LAG3, TNFRSF18, CD80 and FOXP3 were found to be significantly decreased in patient-matched samples after chemotherapy. Conclusion Our results suggest that conventional platinum-based chemotherapy negatively impacts the immune microenvironment at the time point of secondary progression. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00262-020-02688-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Amrein
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - E D Bührer
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School of Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M L Amrein
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Q Li
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research Coordinating Center, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Rothschild
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - C Riether
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Jaggi
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S Savic-Prince
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - L Bubendorf
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - O Gautschi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - A F Ochsenbein
- Department for BioMedical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
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Peled N, Gillis R, Kilickap S, Froesch P, Orlov S, Filippova E, Demirci U, Christopoulos P, Cicin I, Basal FB, Yilmaz C, Fedor M, Korkmaz T, Paydas S, Gautschi O, Zirtiloglu A, Eralp Y, Cinkir HY, Sezer A, Erman M, Tural D, Turna H, Mazieres J, Dudnik E, Reguart N, Camidge DR, Ng TL, Şenler FÇ, Beypınar İ, Yazılıtaş D, Demirkazık A, Karaoğlu A, Okutur K, Coşkun HŞ, Şendur MAN, Isikdogan A, Cabuk D, Yumuk PF, Yıldız I, Kaplan MA, Özyılkan Ö, Öztop İ, Olmez OF, Aydin K, Aydıner A, Meydan N, Grinberg RD, Roisman LC. GLASS: Global Lorlatinib for ALK(+) and ROS1(+) retrospective Study: real world data of 123 NSCLC patients. Lung Cancer 2020; 148:48-54. [PMID: 32799090 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2020.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lorlatinib is a third-generation tyrosine-kinases inhibitor (TKI) targeting ALK/ROS1 fusions. The FDA has approved lorlatinib for TKI-pretreated ALK(+) NSCLC, while its approval for ROS1(+) is still pending. Here we present the largest real-world data of NSCLC patients harboring ALK/ROS1 rearrangements treated with lorlatinib. METHODS 123 patients were enrolled retrospectively (data cut-off 1/1/2019). Lorlatinib was administered through an early access program for patients with no other available therapy. Outcome and response were defined by each investigator upon RECIST 1.1 criteria. RESULTS 106 ALK(+) and 17 ROS1(+) patients recruited from 8 different countries. The ALK(+) cohort included 50 % males, 73 % never-smokers and 68 % with brain metastases. Extracranial (EC) and intracranial (IC) response rates (RR) were 60 % and 62 %, with disease control rates (DCR) of 91 % and 88 % respectively. Mean duration of therapy (DoT) was 23.9 ± 1.6 months and median overall survival (mOS) was 89.1 ± 19.6 months. ROS1 cohort enrolled 53 % males, 65 % never-smokers and 65 % had brain metastases. EC and IC RR were 62 % and 67 % with DCR of 92 % and 78 % respectively. Median DoT was 18.1 ± 2.5 months and mOS of 90.3 ± 24.4 months. OS and DoT in both cohorts were not significantly correlated with line of therapy nor other parameters. The most common adverse events of any grade were peripheral edema (48 %), hyperlipidemia (47 %), weight gain (25 %) and fatigue (30 %). CNS adverse events such as cognitive effect of grade 1-2 were reported in 18 % of patients. CONCLUSION Lorlatinib shows outstanding EC/IC efficacy in ALK/ROS1(+) NSCLC. The observed mOS of 89 ± 19 months in ALK(+) NSCLC supports previous reports, while mOS from of 90 ± 24 months is unprecedented for ROS1(+) NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Peled
- The Legacy Heritage Oncology Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel.
| | - Roni Gillis
- The Legacy Heritage Oncology Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Saadettin Kilickap
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Patrizia Froesch
- Oncology Institute of the Southern Switzerland, Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Sergei Orlov
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Filippova
- Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | - Umut Demirci
- Uskudar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Turkey
| | - Petros Christopoulos
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Thoraxklinik at Heidelberg University Hospital, and Translational Lung Research Heidelberg, Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Germany
| | - Irfan Cicin
- Trakya University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Turkey
| | - Fatma Bugdayci Basal
- University of Health Sciences, Dr. A.Y. Ankara Oncology Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Yilmaz
- Ege University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Moiseenko Fedor
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, St. Petersburg, 197798, Russian Federation; St. PetersburgClinical Research and Practical Center for Specialized Types of Medical Care (Oncologic), St. Petersburg, 197758, Russian Federation
| | - Taner Korkmaz
- Acibadem MAA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Maslak Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Semra Paydas
- Department of Oncology, Cukurova University Faculty of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Oliver Gautschi
- University of Berne and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Alisan Zirtiloglu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bakirkoy Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yesim Eralp
- Acibadem MAA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Maslak Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Havva Yesil Cinkir
- Gaziantep University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Sezer
- Adana Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Erman
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Tural
- Department of Medical Oncology, Bakirkoy Sadi Konuk Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Turna
- Cerrahpasa University, Faculty of Medicine Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Julien Mazieres
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Elizabeth Dudnik
- Thoracic Cancer Service, Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center, Beilinson Campus, Petah Tikva, 49100, Israel
| | - Noemi Reguart
- Division of Medical Oncology, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona,Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - David Ross Camidge
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, 1665 North Aurora Court, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Terry L Ng
- Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Filiz Çay Şenler
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - İsmail Beypınar
- Yildirim Beyazit University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Doğan Yazılıtaş
- Dokuz Eylul University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Demirkazık
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey
| | - Aziz Karaoğlu
- Medicalpark Bahçelievler Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kerem Okutur
- Akdeniz University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Hasan Şenol Coşkun
- Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | | | - Abdurrahman Isikdogan
- Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Devrim Cabuk
- Kocaeli University, Division of Medical Oncology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Perran Fulden Yumuk
- Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ibrahim Yıldız
- Acibadem MAA University Hospital, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Maslak Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - M Ali Kaplan
- Dicle University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Özgür Özyılkan
- Adana Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Adana, Turkey
| | - İlhan Öztop
- Medicalpark Bahçelievler Hospital, Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Omer Fatih Olmez
- Medipol University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Adnan Aydıner
- Istanbul University Institute of Cancer, Department of Medical Oncology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nezih Meydan
- Adnan Menderes Univesity Faculty of Medicine, Turkey
| | - Roxana Denisa Grinberg
- The Legacy Heritage Oncology Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Laila C Roisman
- The Legacy Heritage Oncology Center & Dr. Larry Norton Institute, Soroka Medical Center, Beer-Sheva, Israel; Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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Peters S, Danson S, Hasan B, Dafni U, Reinmuth N, Majem M, Tournoy KG, Mark MT, Pless M, Cobo M, Rodriguez-Abreu D, Falchero L, Moran T, Ortega Granados AL, Monnet I, Mohorcic K, Sureda BM, Betticher D, Demedts I, Macias JA, Cuffe S, Luciani A, Sanchez JG, Curioni-Fontecedro A, Gautschi O, Price G, Coate L, von Moos R, Zielinski C, Provencio M, Menis J, Ruepp B, Pochesci A, Roschitzki-Voser H, Besse B, Rabaglio M, O'Brien MER, Stahel RA. A Randomized Open-Label Phase III Trial Evaluating the Addition of Denosumab to Standard First-Line Treatment in Advanced NSCLC: The European Thoracic Oncology Platform (ETOP) and European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) SPLENDOUR Trial. J Thorac Oncol 2020; 15:1647-1656. [PMID: 32565388 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Receptor activator of NF-kB ligand stimulates NF-kB-dependent cell signaling and acts as the primary signal for bone resorption. Retrospective analysis of a large trial comparing denosumab versus zoledronic acid in bone metastatic solid tumors suggested significant overall survival (OS) advantage for patients with lung cancer with denosumab (p = 0.01). The randomized open-label phase III SPLENDOUR trial was designed to evaluate whether the addition of denosumab to standard first-line platinum-based doublet chemotherapy improved OS in advanced NSCLC. METHODS Patients with stage IV NSCLC were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to either chemotherapy with or without denosumab (120 mg every 3-4 wks), stratified by the presence of bone metastases (at diagnosis), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, histology, and region. To detect an OS increase from 9 to 11.25 months (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.80), 847 OS events were required. The trial closed prematurely owing to decreasing accrual rate. RESULTS A total of 514 patients were randomized, with 509 receiving one or more doses of the assigned treatment (chemotherapy: 252, chemotherapy-denosumab: 257). The median age was 66.1 years, 71% were men, and 59% were former smokers. Bone metastases were identified in 275 patients (53%). Median OS (95% confidence interval [CI]) was 8.7 (7.6-11.0) months in the control arm versus 8.2 (7.5-10.4) months in the chemotherapy-denosumab arm (HR = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.78-1.19; one-sided p = 0.36). For patients with bone metastasis, HR was 1.02 (95% CI: 0.77-1.35), whereas for those without, HR was 0.90 (95% CI: 0.66-1.23). Adverse events grade 3 or greater were observed in 40.9%, 5.2%, 8.7% versus 45.5%, 10.9%, 10.5% of patients. Conditional power for OS benefit was less than or equal to 10%. CONCLUSIONS Denosumab was well-tolerated without unexpected safety concerns. There was no OS improvement for denosumab when added to chemotherapy in the intention-to-treat population and the subgroups with and without bone metastases. Our data do not provide evidence of a clinical benefit for denosumab in patients with NSCLC without bone metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solange Peters
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Sarah Danson
- Department of Oncology and Metabolism & Sheffield Experimental Cancer Medicine Centre, University of Sheffield, Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Baktiar Hasan
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Urania Dafni
- School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens & Frontier Science Foundation-Hellas, Athens, Greece
| | - Niels Reinmuth
- Asklepios Kliniken GmbH, Asklepios Fachkliniken Muenchen, Gauting, Germany
| | - Margarita Majem
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital De La Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Spanish lung cancer group (Grupo Español de Cancer de Pulmón (GECP)), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kurt G Tournoy
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Ghent University and Onze-Lieve-Vrouwziekenhuis (OLV), Aalst, Belgium
| | - Michael T Mark
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Miklos Pless
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Cantonal Hospital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
| | - Manuel Cobo
- Spanish lung cancer group (Grupo Español de Cancer de Pulmón (GECP)), Barcelona, Spain; Unidad Gestion Intercentros of Medical Oncology. Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals (IBIMA), Málaga, Spain
| | - Delvys Rodriguez-Abreu
- Spanish lung cancer group (Grupo Español de Cancer de Pulmón (GECP)), Barcelona, Spain; Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular Materno-Infantil de Gran Canaria, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain
| | - Lionel Falchero
- Department of Pneumology and Thoracic Oncology, Hopital Nord-Ouest, Villefranche-sur-Saône Cedex, France
| | - Teresa Moran
- Spanish lung cancer group (Grupo Español de Cancer de Pulmón (GECP)), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Català d'Oncologia (ICO) Badalona, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Badalona Applied Research Group in Oncology (B-ARGO), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Laura Ortega Granados
- Spanish lung cancer group (Grupo Español de Cancer de Pulmón (GECP)), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario de Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | - Isabelle Monnet
- Department of Pneumology, Centre Hopitalier Intercommunal De Créteil, Créteil, France
| | - Katja Mohorcic
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Clinic Golnik, Golnik, Slovenia
| | - Bartomeu Massutí Sureda
- Spanish lung cancer group (Grupo Español de Cancer de Pulmón (GECP)), Barcelona, Spain; El Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (SABIAL), Hospital Universitario Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Daniel Betticher
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medical Oncology, Fribourg Cantonal Hospital (HFR), Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Ingel Demedts
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, AZ Delta, Roeselare, Belgium
| | - Jose Antionio Macias
- Spanish lung cancer group (Grupo Español de Cancer de Pulmón (GECP)), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Hospital General Universitario Morales Meseguer, Murcia, Spain
| | - Sinead Cuffe
- Cancer Trials Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Medical Oncology, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrea Luciani
- Department of Medical Oncology, Ospedale San Paolo, Milano, Italy
| | - Jose Garcia Sanchez
- Spanish lung cancer group (Grupo Español de Cancer de Pulmón (GECP)), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alessandra Curioni-Fontecedro
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Bern, Switzerland; Department for Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Gautschi
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Bern, Switzerland; Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucern, Switzerland
| | - Gillian Price
- Department of Medical Oncology, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Coate
- Cancer Trials Ireland, Dublin, Ireland; Mid-Western Cancer Centre, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Roger von Moos
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research (SAKK), Bern, Switzerland; Department of Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Graubuenden, Chur, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Zielinski
- Clinical Division of Oncology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Central European Cooperative Oncology Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariano Provencio
- Spanish lung cancer group (Grupo Español de Cancer de Pulmón (GECP)), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medical Oncology, Hospital Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Menis
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Brussels, Belgium; Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy; Medical Oncology Department, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Ruepp
- European Thoracic Oncology Platform (ETOP), Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alessia Pochesci
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Benjamin Besse
- European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC), Brussels, Belgium; Gustave Roussy Cancer Center Villejuif, Paris Saclay University, Orsay, France
| | | | - Mary E R O'Brien
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, United Kingdom
| | - Rolf A Stahel
- Department for Medical Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Mazieres J, Drilon A, Lusque A, Mhanna L, Cortot AB, Mezquita L, Thai AA, Mascaux C, Couraud S, Veillon R, Van den Heuvel M, Neal J, Peled N, Früh M, Ng TL, Gounant V, Popat S, Diebold J, Sabari J, Zhu VW, Rothschild SI, Bironzo P, Martinez-Marti A, Curioni-Fontecedro A, Rosell R, Lattuca-Truc M, Wiesweg M, Besse B, Solomon B, Barlesi F, Schouten RD, Wakelee H, Camidge DR, Zalcman G, Novello S, Ou SI, Milia J, Gautschi O. Immune checkpoint inhibitors for patients with advanced lung cancer and oncogenic driver alterations: results from the IMMUNOTARGET registry. Ann Oncol 2020; 30:1321-1328. [PMID: 31125062 PMCID: PMC7389252 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 759] [Impact Index Per Article: 189.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anti-PD1/PD-L1 directed immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are widely used to treat patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The activity of ICI across NSCLC harboring oncogenic alterations is poorly characterized. The aim of our study was to address the efficacy of ICI in the context of oncogenic addiction. Patients and methods We conducted a retrospective study for patients receiving ICI monotherapy for advanced NSCLC with at least one oncogenic driver alteration. Anonymized data were evaluated for clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes for ICI therapy: best response (RECIST 1.1), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) from ICI initiation. The primary end point was PFS under ICI. Secondary end points were best response (RECIST 1.1) and OS from ICI initiation. Results We studied 551 patients treated in 24 centers from 10 countries. The molecular alterations involved KRAS (n = 271), EGFR (n = 125), BRAF (n = 43), MET (n = 36), HER2 (n = 29), ALK (n = 23), RET (n = 16), ROS1 (n = 7), and multiple drivers (n = 1). Median age was 60 years, gender ratio was 1 : 1, never/former/current smokers were 28%/51%/21%, respectively, and the majority of tumors were adenocarcinoma. The objective response rate by driver alteration was: KRAS = 26%, BRAF = 24%, ROS1 = 17%, MET = 16%, EGFR = 12%, HER2 = 7%, RET = 6%, and ALK = 0%. In the entire cohort, median PFS was 2.8 months, OS 13.3 months, and the best response rate 19%. In a subgroup analysis, median PFS (in months) was 2.1 for EGFR, 3.2 for KRAS, 2.5 for ALK, 3.1 for BRAF, 2.5 for HER2, 2.1 for RET, and 3.4 for MET. In certain subgroups, PFS was positively associated with PD-L1 expression (KRAS, EGFR) and with smoking status (BRAF, HER2). Conclusions : ICI induced regression in some tumors with actionable driver alterations, but clinical activity was lower compared with the KRAS group and the lack of response in the ALK group was notable. Patients with actionable tumor alterations should receive targeted therapies and chemotherapy before considering immunotherapy as a single agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mazieres
- Thoracic Oncology Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France.
| | - A Drilon
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - A Lusque
- Biostatistics Unit, Institut Claudius Regaud, IUCT-O, Toulouse
| | - L Mhanna
- Thoracic Oncology Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - A B Cortot
- Thoracic Oncology Department, Lille University Hospital, Lille University, Lille
| | - L Mezquita
- Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris Sud University Orsay, Paris France
| | - A A Thai
- Medical Oncology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C Mascaux
- Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CRCM, Marseille
| | - S Couraud
- Respiratory Diseases and Thoracic Oncology Department, Lyon Sud Hospital, Cancer Institute of Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon 1 University
| | - R Veillon
- CHU Bordeaux, Respiratory Diseases Department, Bordeaux, France
| | - M Van den Heuvel
- Faculty of Medical Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J Neal
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - N Peled
- Soroka Medical Center, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - M Früh
- Department of Oncology, Haematology, Cantonal Hospital St Gallen, St Gallen, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - T L Ng
- Thoracic Oncology Department, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, USA
| | - V Gounant
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, CIC1425-CLIP2 Paris-Nord, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - S Popat
- Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK
| | - J Diebold
- Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - J Sabari
- Thoracic Oncology Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - V W Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, USA
| | - S I Rothschild
- Department Internal Medicine, University Hospital Basel, Medical Oncology, Basel, Switzerland
| | - P Bironzo
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - A Martinez-Marti
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - R Rosell
- Catalan Institute of Oncology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona; Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP), Badalona, Spain
| | - M Lattuca-Truc
- Pulmonology Department, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - M Wiesweg
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - B Besse
- Cancer Medicine Department, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, Paris Sud University Orsay, Paris France
| | - B Solomon
- Medical Oncology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - F Barlesi
- Multidisciplinary Oncology and Therapeutic Innovations Department, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CRCM, Marseille
| | - R D Schouten
- Faculty of Medical Science, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Wakelee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - D R Camidge
- Thoracic Oncology Department, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, USA
| | - G Zalcman
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, CIC1425-CLIP2 Paris-Nord, Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, APHP, Paris, France
| | - S Novello
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - S I Ou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology-Oncology, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, USA
| | - J Milia
- Thoracic Oncology Department, Toulouse University Hospital, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - O Gautschi
- University of Bern and Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Shah MH, Sherman EJ, Robinson B, Solomon BJ, Kang H, Lorch JH, Worden FP, Brose MS, Leboulleux S, Godbert Y, Meurer M, Morris JC, Owonikoko TK, Tan DSW, Gautschi O, Patel JD, Yang L, Kherani J, Cabanillas ME, Wirth LJ. Selpercatinib (LOXO-292) in patients with RET-mutant medullary thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.3594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3594 Background: Selpercatinib (LOXO-292) is a highly selective and potent small molecule RET kinase inhibitor. Here we report an update on the efficacy and safety of selpercatinib in RET-mutant medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Methods: Patients with RET-mutant MTC were enrolled to the Phase 1/2 LIBRETTO-001 trial (NCT03157128), a global, multicenter trial (16 countries, 89 sites). Following the Phase 1 dose escalation portion of the trial, patients received the recommended dose of 160 mg orally twice daily. Each cycle was 28 days. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST 1.1. Secondary endpoints included duration of response (DoR) and safety. Per health authority agreement, the primary analysis set was defined as the first 55 consecutively enrolled patients previously treated with multikinase inhibitors cabozantinib and/or vandetanib. Patients naïve to cabozantinib and vandetanib treatment were analyzed separately. All analyses were based on a 16-Dec-2019 data cutoff date. Results: In the primary analysis set of prior cabozantinib and/or vandetanib-treated patients with MTC (n = 55), the ORR by investigator assessment was 62% (95% CI 47.7–74.6, n = 34/55) and the median DoR was not reached (95% CI 18.4 months–not estimable) despite a median follow-up of 14.8 months. In cabozantinib/vandetanib treatment-naïve patients (n = 88), the ORR by investigator assessment was 69% (95% CI 58.6–78.7, n = 61/88, including 2 responses pending confirmation). Of the 59 confirmed responding patients, with a median follow-up of 8 months, responses were ongoing for 57 responders at the time of the analysis. In the safety analysis set consisting of all selpercatinib dosed patients (N = 702), the most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) that occurred in ≥15% of patients were dry mouth (33.3%), increased AST (24.5%), increased ALT (23.8%), hypertension (23.2%), diarrhea (19.7%), and fatigue (16.8%). Only 2% (14 of 702) of patients discontinued selpercatinib for TRAEs. Conclusions: Selpercatinib use was associated with marked and durable antitumor activity in prior cabozantinib and/or vandetanib-treated patients and in cabozantinib/vandetanib-naïve patients with RET-mutant MTC, with the majority of responses ongoing in both cohorts. Selpercatinib was well tolerated. Efficacy data assessed by independent review committee based on the 16-Dec-2019 data cutoff date will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT03157128 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha H. Shah
- Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marcia S. Brose
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | | | - Yann Godbert
- Bergonié Institute Cancer center, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | | | | | - Oliver Gautschi
- University of Berne and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Jyoti D. Patel
- Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Luxi Yang
- Loxo Oncology Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company, Stamford, CT
| | - Jennifer Kherani
- Loxo Oncology Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company, Stamford, CT
| | | | - Lori J. Wirth
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Harvard University, Boston, MA
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Subbiah V, Gainor JF, Oxnard GR, Tan DSW, Owen DH, Cho BC, Loong HHF, McCoach CE, Weiss J, Kim Y, Bazhenova L, Park K, Daga H, Besse B, Gautschi O, Ng S, Huang X, Drilon AE. Intracranial activity of selpercatinib (LOXO-292) in RET fusion-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients on the LIBRETTO-001 trial. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.9516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
9516 Background: Patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLC have an ~50% lifetime prevalence of developing central nervous system (CNS) metastases. Selpercatinib is a highly selective oral RET inhibitor with CNS penetration. Its intracranial antitumor activity was previously demonstrated in an orthotopic RET fusion-positive preclinical model. The activity of selpercatinib in RET fusion-positive NSCLC patients with CNS metastases was evaluated as a prespecified subgroup analysis in LIBRETTO-001, a registrational phase 1/2 trial (NCT03157128). Methods: This global (89 sites, 16 countries) trial enrolled patients with advanced RET-altered solid tumors, including patients with RET fusion-positive advanced NSCLC with baseline CNS metastases. The selpercatinib recommended phase 2 dose was 160 mg twice daily, dosed orally in 28-day cycles. CNS metastases were assessed by MRI/CT scan at baseline, then every 8 weeks for 1 year, and every 12 weeks thereafter. The primary endpoint for this analysis was intracranial objective response rate (ORR, confirmed; RECIST v1.1) as assessed by independent review committee (IRC). Secondary endpoints included intracranial duration of response (DoR) by IRC. To be included in the efficacy analysis, patients were required to have adequate follow-up time (opportunity for ≥6 months follow-up from the first dose). Analyses were based on 17Jun2019 data cutoff date. Results: 79 patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLC and baseline CNS metastases were enrolled. Per IRC, 22 of 79 patients had measurable (≥10 mm) CNS disease; 14 of the 22 patients had adequate follow-up time for analysis. This efficacy-evaluable population had a median age of 64 yrs (range 43-80), ECOG PS 0/1 = 21% / 79%, and all had prior systemic therapy. 5 of the 14 patients received prior intracranial radiotherapy; all radiotherapy was completed > 2 months prior to selpercatinib. The intracranial ORR in the 14 patients was 93% (n = 13; 95% CI = 66.1 – 99.8), including 2 complete responses (14%) and 11 partial responses (79%). The median intracranial DoR was 10.1 months (95% CI = 6.7 – NE), with CNS progression events (n = 5) or death (n = 1) reported in 6 of 13 responders. The remaining responders (n = 7) were ongoing and censored. Presentation will include updated IRC data as of 16Dec2019. Conclusions: Selpercatinib had marked intracranial anti-tumor activity in RET fusion-positive NSCLC patients with CNS metastases. Tumor responses were durable, independently-confirmed, and observed in patients with prior systemic chemotherapy. Clinical trial information: NCT03157128 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | | | | | - Dwight Hall Owen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - Jared Weiss
- University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - YuJung Kim
- Seoul National University, Seongnam-Si, South Korea
| | | | - Keunchil Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Haruko Daga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Oliver Gautschi
- University of Berne and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Ng
- Loxo Oncology, South San Francisco, CA
| | - Xin Huang
- Loxo Oncology Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company, Stamford, CT
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Goto K, Oxnard GR, Tan DSW, Loong HHF, Bauer TM, Gainor JF, McCoach CE, Gautschi O, Besse B, Cho BC, Peled N, Weiss J, Kim Y, Ohe Y, Horiike A, Park K, Huang X, Olek E, Subbiah V, Drilon AE. Selpercatinib (LOXO-292) in patients with RET-fusion+ non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3584 Background: Selpercatinib (LOXO-292) is a highly selective and potent small molecule RET kinase inhibitor. Here we report an update on the efficacy and safety of selpercatinib in RET-fusion+ non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Patients with RET-fusion+ NSCLC were enrolled to the Phase 1/2 LIBRETTO-001 trial (NCT03157128), a global, multicenter trial (16 countries, 89 sites). Following the Phase 1 dose escalation portion of the trial, patients received the recommended dose of 160 mg orally twice daily. Each cycle was 28 days. The primary endpoint was objective response rate (ORR) per RECIST 1.1. Secondary endpoints included duration of response (DoR) and safety. Per health authority agreement, the primary analysis set was defined as the first 105 consecutively enrolled patients previously treated with platinum-based chemotherapy. Treatment-naïve patients were analyzed separately. All analyses were based on a 16-Dec-2019 data cutoff date. Results: In the primary analysis set of platinum-treated patients (median of 3 prior systemic regimens; range 1-15), the ORR by investigator assessment was 70% (95% CI 59.8–78.1, n = 73/105). Responses did not differ by fusion partner or number or type of prior therapies, including anti-PD-1/PD-L1 agents and off-label multikinase inhibitor use. The median DoR was 20.3 months (95% CI 15.6–24.0) with 45 of 73 (62%) responders censored at a median follow-up of 14.8 months. Among 39 treatment-naïve patients, the ORR by investigator assessment was 90% (95% CI 75.8–97.1, n = 35/39, including 2 responses pending confirmation). Median DoR was not reached with 27 of 33 (82%) confirmed responses ongoing at a median follow-up of 7.4 months. In the safety analysis set consisting of all selpercatinib dosed patients (N = 702), the most common treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) that occurred in ≥15% of patients were dry mouth (33.3%), increased AST (24.5%), increased ALT (23.8%), hypertension (23.2%), diarrhea (19.7%), and fatigue (16.8%). Only 2% (14 of 702) of patients discontinued selpercatinib for TRAEs. Conclusions: Selpercatinib achieved marked and durable antitumor activity in patients with RET-fusion+ NSCLC. Selpercatinib was well tolerated. Efficacy data assessed by independent review committee based on the 16-Dec-2019 data cutoff date will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT03157128 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichi Goto
- National Cancer Center Hospital East, Kashiwa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Oliver Gautschi
- University of Berne and Cantonal Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | | | - Byoung Chul Cho
- Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nir Peled
- Davidoff Cancer Center, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Jared Weiss
- University of North Carolina Hospitals, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - YuJung Kim
- Seoul National University, Seongnam-Si, South Korea
| | | | - Atsushi Horiike
- The Cancer Institute Hospital of Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keunchil Park
- Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Xin Huang
- Loxo Oncology Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company, Stamford, CT
| | - Elizabeth Olek
- Loxo Oncology Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Eli Lilly and Company, Stamford, CT
| | - Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Solomon BJ, Tan L, Lin JJ, Wong SQ, Hollizeck S, Ebata K, Tuch BB, Yoda S, Gainor JF, Sequist LV, Oxnard GR, Gautschi O, Drilon A, Subbiah V, Khoo C, Zhu EY, Nguyen M, Henry D, Condroski KR, Kolakowski GR, Gomez E, Ballard J, Metcalf AT, Blake JF, Dawson SJ, Blosser W, Stancato LF, Brandhuber BJ, Andrews S, Robinson BG, Rothenberg SM. RET Solvent Front Mutations Mediate Acquired Resistance to Selective RET Inhibition in RET-Driven Malignancies. J Thorac Oncol 2020; 15:541-549. [PMID: 31988000 PMCID: PMC7430178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2020.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Novel rearranged in transfection (RET)-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as selpercatinib (LOXO-292) have shown unprecedented efficacy in tumors positive for RET fusions or mutations, notably RET fusion-positive NSCLC and RET-mutated medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). However, the mechanisms of resistance to these agents have not yet been described. METHODS Analysis was performed of circulating tumor DNA and tissue in patients with RET fusion-positive NSCLC and RET-mutation positive MTC who developed disease progression after an initial response to selpercatinib. Acquired resistance was modeled preclinically using a CCDC6-RET fusion-positive NSCLC patient-derived xenograft. The inhibitory activity of anti-RET multikinase inhibitors and selective RET TKIs was evaluated in enzyme and cell-based assays. RESULTS After a dramatic initial response to selpercatinib in a patient with KIF5B-RET NSCLC, analysis of circulating tumor DNA revealed emergence of RET G810R, G810S, and G810C mutations in the RET solvent front before the emergence of clinical resistance. Postmortem biopsy studies reported intratumor and intertumor heterogeneity with distinct disease subclones containing G810S, G810R, and G810C mutations in multiple disease sites indicative of convergent evolution on the G810 residue resulting in a common mechanism of resistance. Acquired mutations in RET G810 were identified in tumor tissue from a second patient with CCDC6-RET fusion-positive NSCLC and in plasma from patients with additional RET fusion-positive NSCLC and RET-mutant MTC progressing on an ongoing phase 1 and 2 trial of selpercatinib. Preclinical studies reported the presence of RET G810R mutations in a CCDC6-RET patient-derived xenograft (from a patient with NSCLC) model of acquired resistance to selpercatinib. Structural modeling predicted that these mutations sterically hinder the binding of selpercatinib, and in vitro assays confirmed loss of activity for both anti-RET multikinase inhibitors and selective RET TKIs. CONCLUSIONS RET G810 solvent front mutations represent the first described recurrent mechanism of resistance to selective RET inhibition with selpercatinib. Development of potent inhibitor of these mutations and maintaining activity against RET gatekeeper mutations could be an effective strategy to target resistance to selective RET inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Solomon
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Lavinia Tan
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessica J Lin
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen Q Wong
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sebastian Hollizeck
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | - Satoshi Yoda
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Justin F Gainor
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lecia V Sequist
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | - Vivek Subbiah
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Christine Khoo
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Sarah-Jane Dawson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and the University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Bruce G Robinson
- Kolling Institute of Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, and the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Molina-Vila MA, Stahel RA, Dafni U, Jordana-Ariza N, Balada-Bel A, Garzón-Ibáñez M, García-Peláez B, Mayo-de-las-Casas C, Felip E, Curioni Fontecedro A, Gautschi O, Peters S, Massutí B, Palmero R, Ponce Aix S, Carcereny E, Früh M, Pless M, Popat S, Cuffe S, Bidoli P, Kammler R, Roschitzki-Voser H, Tsourti Z, Karachaliou N, Rosell R. Evolution and Clinical Impact of EGFR Mutations in Circulating Free DNA in the BELIEF Trial. J Thorac Oncol 2020; 15:416-425. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Panje CM, Lupatsch JE, Barbier M, Pardo E, Lorez M, Dedes KJ, Aebersold DM, Plasswilm L, Gautschi O, Schwenkglenks M. A cost-effectiveness analysis of consolidation immunotherapy with durvalumab in stage III NSCLC responding to definitive radiochemotherapy in Switzerland. Ann Oncol 2020; 31:501-506. [PMID: 32107097 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consolidation immunotherapy with the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor durvalumab improves survival in patients with stage III non-small-cell lung cancer responding to radiochemotherapy. The aim of this study was to assess the cost-effectiveness of durvalumab in Switzerland based on the most recent PACIFIC survival follow-up. MATERIALS AND METHODS We constructed a Markov model based on the 3-year follow-up data of the PACIFIC trial and compared consolidation durvalumab with observation. We used published utility values and assessed costs for treatment strategies from the perspective of the Swiss health care payers. Cost-effectiveness was tested both in the intention-to-treat population of the PACIFIC trial unselected for PD-L1 tumor expression and in patients with PD-L1-expressing tumors (≥1%). RESULTS In the unselected/PD-L1-positive patients, durvalumab showed an incremental effectiveness of 0.76/1.18 quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and incremental costs of Swiss Francs (CHF) 67 239/78 177, resulting in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of CHF 88 703/66 131 per QALY gained, respectively. The most influential factors for the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio were the utility before first progression, costs for durvalumab, and the hazard ratio for overall survival under durvalumab versus observation. The cost-effectiveness of durvalumab was better than CHF 100 000 per QALY gained in 75% of the simulations in probabilistic sensitivity analysis. CONCLUSION Assuming a willingness-to-pay threshold of CHF 100 000 per QALY gained, consolidation durvalumab is likely to be cost-effective both in patients with inoperable stage III non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) unselected for PD-L1 status and in patients with PD-L1-expressing tumors in Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Panje
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - J E Lupatsch
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research Coordinating Centre, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Barbier
- Swiss Group for Clinical Cancer Research Coordinating Centre, Bern, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - E Pardo
- Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - M Lorez
- National Institute for Cancer Epidemiology and Registration (NICER), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K J Dedes
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - D M Aebersold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - L Plasswilm
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - O Gautschi
- Medical Oncology, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland; University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Schwenkglenks
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Garon EB, Scagliotti GV, Gautschi O, Reck M, Thomas M, Iglesias Docampo L, Kalofonos H, Kim JH, Gans S, Brustugun OT, Orlov SV, Cuyun Carter G, Zimmermann AH, Oton AB, Alexandris E, Lee P, Wolff K, Stefaniak VJ, Socinski MA, Pérol M. Exploratory analysis of front-line therapies in REVEL: a randomised phase 3 study of ramucirumab plus docetaxel versus docetaxel for the treatment of stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer after disease progression on platinum-based therapy. ESMO Open 2020; 5:e000567. [PMID: 31958290 PMCID: PMC7003392 DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2019-000567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a heterogeneous disease. Front-line therapy may affect responses to subsequent treatment regimens, thus influencing second-line therapy decision making. In the randomised phase 3 REVEL study, second-line ramucirumab plus docetaxel (ram+doc) versus docetaxel (doc) improved survival of patients with metastatic NSCLC. We explore efficacy, safety and quality-of-life (QoL) in REVEL based on front-line therapy. METHODS Patients were grouped by specific front-line therapy received. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate, safety and QoL were assessed descriptively. Kaplan-Meier estimation and Cox proportional hazards modelling were used; frequencies reported in percentages. RESULTS Baseline characteristics of 1253 patients were generally well balanced between treatment arms within each front-line therapy subgroup. For patients with non-squamous disease (n=912), induction therapies included platinum-based chemotherapy plus a taxane (n=227; 25%) or pemetrexed (n=449; 49%), with (n=172; 19%) or without bevacizumab. For patients with squamous disease (n=328), induction therapies included platinum-based chemotherapy plus gemcitabine (n=176; 54%) or a taxane (n=69; 21%). A highly selected subgroup (n=127; 14%) received pemetrexed continuation maintenance therapy. Ram+doc improved median OS and PFS versus doc across front-line therapy subgroups, as reflected by HRs ranging from 0.78 to 0.91 and 0.66 to 0.92, respectively, similar to results in the overall intention-to-treat cohort (HRs: 0.86 and 0.76, respectively). High-grade treatment-emergent adverse events of special interest (including neutropenia, febrile neutropenia, leucopenia and hypertension) were generally higher in ram+doc-treated patients relative to doc-treated patients regardless of front-line therapy. No clear differences in safety or QoL were seen across front-line therapy subgroups; outcomes were consistent with those reported in the overall intention-to-treat cohort. CONCLUSIONS Results of this exploratory analysis suggest that second-line ram+doc may be effective regardless of prior treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy plus a taxane, pemetrexed, gemcitabine or bevacizumab. Overall, ram+doc is clinically beneficial across a wide range of patients with metastatic NSCLC who have progressed after various front-line therapies. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01168973.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward B Garon
- Hematology-Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Oliver Gautschi
- Medical Oncology, Luzerner Kantonsspital, Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Reck
- LungenClinic, Airway Research Center North (ARCN), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Grosshansdorf, Germany
| | - Michael Thomas
- Thoracic Oncology, Translational Lung Research Center Heidelberg (TLRC-H), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Joo-Hang Kim
- Hemato-Oncology, Bundang CHA Medical Center, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Steven Gans
- Respiratory Diseases, Hospital Saint Jansdal, Harderwijk, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sergey V Orlov
- Medical, Saint Petersburg State University, Sankt-Peterburg, Russian Federation
| | | | | | - Ana B Oton
- Oncology, Eli Lilly and Co, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Pablo Lee
- Oncology, Eli Lilly and Co, New York City, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Mark A Socinski
- Thoracic Oncology, AdventHealth Cancer Institute, Orlando, Florida, USA
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Gautschi O, Menon R, Bertrand M, Murer C, Diebold J. Capmatinib and Osimertinib Combination Therapy for EGFR-Mutant Lung Adenocarcinoma. J Thorac Oncol 2020; 15:e13-e15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Wirth L, Sherman E, Drilon A, Solomon B, Robinson B, Lorch J, McCoach C, Patel J, Leboulleux S, Worden F, Owonikoko T, Brose M, Taylor M, Italiano A, Gautschi O, Garcia ME, Rothenberg S, Subbiah V, Shah M, Cabanillas M. Registrational results of LOXO-292 in patients with RET-altered thyroid cancers. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz394.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Drilon A, Oxnard G, Wirth L, Besse B, Gautschi O, Tan S, Loong H, Bauer T, Kim Y, Horiike A, Park K, Shah M, McCoach C, Bazhenova L, Seto T, Brose M, Pennell N, Weiss J, Matos I, Peled N, Cho B, Ohe Y, Reckamp K, Boni V, Satouchi M, Falchook G, Akerley W, Daga H, Sakamoto T, Patel J, Lakhani N, Barlesi F, Burkard M, Zhu V, Moreno Garcia V, Medioni J, Matrana M, Rolfo C, Lee D, Nechushtan H, Johnson M, Velcheti V, Nishio M, Toyozawa R, Ohashi K, Song L, Han J, Spira A, De Braud F, Staal Rohrberg K, Takeuchi S, Sakakibara J, Waqar S, Kenmotsu H, Wilson F, B.Nair, Olek E, Kherani J, Ebata K, Zhu E, Nguyen M, Yang L, Huang X, Cruickshank S, Rothenberg S, Solomon B, Goto K, Subbiah V. PL02.08 Registrational Results of LIBRETTO-001: A Phase 1/2 Trial of LOXO-292 in Patients with RET Fusion-Positive Lung Cancers. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Popat S, Curioni-Fontecedro A, Polydoropoulou V, Shah R, O’Brien M, Pope A, Fisher P, Spicer J, Roy A, Gilligan D, Gautschi O, Nadal E, Janthur WD, López Castro R, García Campelo R, Roschitzki-Voser H, Ruepp B, Rusakiewicz S, Peters S, Stahel R. A multicentre randomized phase III trial comparing pembrolizumab (P) vs single agent chemotherapy (CT) for advanced pre-treated malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM): Results from the European Thoracic Oncology Platform (ETOP 9-15) PROMISE-meso trial. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz394.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Rich TA, Reckamp KL, Chae YK, Doebele RC, Iams WT, Oh M, Raymond VM, Lanman RB, Riess JW, Stinchcombe TE, Subbiah V, Trevarthen DR, Fairclough S, Yen J, Gautschi O. Analysis of Cell-Free DNA from 32,989 Advanced Cancers Reveals Novel Co-occurring Activating RET Alterations and Oncogenic Signaling Pathway Aberrations. Clin Cancer Res 2019; 25:5832-5842. [PMID: 31300450 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-4049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE RET is an emerging oncogenic target showing promise in phase I/II clinical trials. An understudied aspect of RET-driven cancers is the extent to which co-occurring genomic alterations exist and how they may impact prognosis or therapeutic response. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Somatic activating RET alterations were identified among 32,989 consecutive patients with metastatic solid tumors tested with a clinical cell-free circulating tumor DNA (cfDNA) assay. This comprehensive next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay evaluates single-nucleotide variants, and select indels, fusions, and copy number gains in 68-73 clinically relevant cancer genes. RESULTS A total of 176 somatic activating RET alterations were detected in 170 patients (143 fusions and 33 missense mutations). Patients had non-small cell lung (NSCLC, n = 125), colorectal (n = 15), breast (n = 8), thyroid (n = 8), or other (n = 14) cancers. Alterations in other oncogenic signaling pathway genes were frequently identified in RET-positive samples and varied by specific RET fusion gene partner. RET fusions involving partners other than KIF5B were enriched for alterations in MAPK pathway genes and other bona fide oncogenic drivers of NSCLC, particularly EGFR. Molecular and clinical data revealed that these variants emerged later in the genomic evolution of the tumor as mechanisms of resistance to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS In the largest cancer cohort with somatic activating RET alterations, we describe novel co-occurrences of oncogenic signaling pathway aberrations. We find that KIF5B-RET fusions are highly specific for NSCLC. In our study, only non-KIF5B-RET fusions contributed to anti-EGFR therapy resistance. Knowledge of specific RET fusion gene partner may have clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karen L Reckamp
- Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California
| | - Young Kwang Chae
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robert C Doebele
- Medical Oncology/Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Cancer Center, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wade T Iams
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Michael Oh
- Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - Jonathan W Riess
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, Sacramento, California
| | | | - Vivek Subbiah
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - David R Trevarthen
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Comprehensive Cancer Care and Research Institute of Colorado, Englewood, Colorado
| | | | | | - Oliver Gautschi
- University of Berne and Department of Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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