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Gokila B, Manimaran G, Jayanthi D, Sivakumar K, Sridevi G, Thenmozhi S, Elayarajan M, Renukadevi A, Sudha R, Balasubramanian P. Long-term fertilization and manuring effects on the nexus between sulphur distribution and SOC in an Inceptisol over five decades under a finger millet-maize cropping system. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9758. [PMID: 38684820 PMCID: PMC11058816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60357-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Our investigation revealed that alterations in sulphur (S) pools are predominantly governed by soil organic carbon (SOC), soil nitrogen (N), microbial biomass, and soil enzyme activities in sandy clay loam (Vertic Ustropept) soil. We employed ten sets of nutrient management techniques, ranging from suboptimal (50% RDF) to super-optimal doses (150% RDF), including NPK + Zn, NP, N alone, S-free NPK fertilizers, NPK + FYM, and control treatments, to examine the interrelation of S with SOC characteristics. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was utilized to analyze the functional groups present in SOC characterization across four treatments: 100% NPK, 150% NPK, NPK + FYM, and absolute control plots. Principal component analysis (PCA) was then applied to assess 29 minimal datasets, aiming to pinpoint specific soil characteristics influencing S transformation. In an Inceptisol, the application of fertilizers (100% RDF) in conjunction with 10 t ha-1 of FYM resulted in an increase of S pools from the surface to the subsurface stratum (OS > HSS > SO42--S > WSS), along with an increase in soil N and SOC. FT-IR spectroscopy identified cellulose and thiocyanate functional groups in all four plots, with a pronounced presence of carbohydrate-protein polyphenol, sulfoxide (S=O), and nitrate groups specifically observed in the INM plot. The PCA findings indicated that the primary factors influencing soil quality and crop productivity (r2 of 0.69) are SOC, SMBC, SMBN, SMBS, and the enzyme activity of URE, DHA, and AS. According to the study, the combined application of fertilizer and FYM (10 t ha-1) together exert a positive impact on sulphur transformation, SOC accumulation, and maize yield in sandy clay loam soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gokila
- Department of Soil Science & Agrl. Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Chemistry, Coimbatore, 641 003, India.
| | - G Manimaran
- Department of Soil Science & Agrl. Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Chemistry, Coimbatore, 641 003, India
| | - D Jayanthi
- Department of Soil Science & Agrl. Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Chemistry, Coimbatore, 641 003, India
| | - K Sivakumar
- Department of Soil Science & Agrl. Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Chemistry, Coimbatore, 641 003, India
| | - G Sridevi
- Department of Soil Science & Agrl. Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Chemistry, Coimbatore, 641 003, India
| | - S Thenmozhi
- Department of Soil Science & Agrl. Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Chemistry, Coimbatore, 641 003, India
| | - M Elayarajan
- Department of Soil Science & Agrl. Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Chemistry, Coimbatore, 641 003, India
| | - A Renukadevi
- Department of Soil Science & Agrl. Chemistry, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Chemistry, Coimbatore, 641 003, India
| | - R Sudha
- Department of Agricultural Economics, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Chemistry, Coimbatore, 641 003, India
| | - P Balasubramanian
- Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural Chemistry, Coimbatore, 641 003, India
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Balasubramanian P, Thomas M, Makey I, Alvarez F, Narula T, Pham S, Landolfo K, Ahmed MES, Jacob S, Shah S, Mallea J. Remote vs Local Ex-Vivo Lung Perfusion, a Single Center Experience. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Devi JS, Balasubramanian P. Comparative analysis on recent deep learning techniques for identifying chatter in milling process. IFS 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-221091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Milling seems to be the most extensively utilized production technology in modern manufacturing industries, and it plays a significant role. Chatter is a type of disturbance in the form of vibration that has a negative impact on machining operation. Chatter recognition utilizing sensor outputs is a hot topic in academia. Although some progress has indeed been documented utilizing various featurization techniques and ml techniques, conventional approaches have a number of limitations, including manual preparation and a huge dataset need. Although, these are widely being used to evaluate milling operations in terms of production efficiency & work piece surface quality,.they are not suited for real applications due to their computing duration and require large data for training process. Therefore, in this study, three well-performing deep learning approaches such as LSTM, DWT, and Bi-LSTM are used to provide an effective way for monitoring and managing chatter in the milling processes with the Duplex 2205 material. Here, some of the parameters like acceleration is measured while the milling operation is taking place, and the measured acceleration value is processed using selected three DL techniques for identifying the presence of chatter and are tested to see which one performs the best. The Bi-LSTM outperformed other approaches in detecting chatter present, according to the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Sharmila Devi
- Department of Instrumentation and Control Engineering, A.V.C College of Engineering, Mayiladuthurai, Tamilnadu, India
| | - P. Balasubramanian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, A.V.C College of Engineering, Mayiladuthurai, Tamilnadu, India
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George L, Mahabal G, Mohanan E, Balasubramanian P, Peter D, Pulimood S, Lakshmi K, Jeyaseelan L, Abraham A, Srivastava A, Mathews V, George B. Limited utility of plasma elafin as a biomarker for skin graft-versus-host disease following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 46:1482-1487. [PMID: 34081805 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute cutaneous graft-versus-host disease (acGVHD) following haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is common but difficult to distinguish from other causes of rash. Plasma elafin has been proposed as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of skin GVHD. AIM To evaluate the role of plasma elafin as a biomarker in acGVHD in an Indian population. METHODS Plasma elafin was evaluated in a prospective study of HSCT recipients, conducted over 2 years, taking measurements at baseline and at onset of skin rash after HSCT. Patients were categorized into those with GVHD rash, those with non-GVHD rash and those with no rash and the three groups were compared. RESULTS Two hundred and sixty-one patients with a median age of 16 years (range 1-61 years) and a male predominance (175 : 86 M/F) underwent HSCT during the study period: 56 patients in the GVHD group, 49 in the non-GVHD group and 156 in the no-rash group. The median baseline elafin was similar in all three groups. At the onset of rash, median elafin level was similar between GVHD and non-GVHD rash (34 549 vs. 32 077 pg/mL; P = 0.58) and between GVHD and no rash (34 549 vs. 26 197 pg/mL; P = 0.08). A rise in elafin from baseline was significantly different between GVHD and no rash (P < 0.001) but not between GVHD and non-GVHD rash (P = 0.44). CONCLUSION The utility of plasma elafin as a biomarker of skin GVHD is very limited. Plasma elafin, although elevated in cutaneous GVHD, is not helpful in distinguishing between GVHD rash and other causes of rash following HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- L George
- Department of, Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - G Mahabal
- Department of, Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - E Mohanan
- Department of, Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P Balasubramanian
- Department of, Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Peter
- Department of, Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Pulimood
- Department of, Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Lakshmi
- Department of, Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - L Jeyaseelan
- Department of, Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Abraham
- Department of, Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - A Srivastava
- Department of, Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - V Mathews
- Department of, Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B George
- Department of, Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Balasubramanian P, Mastorakis NE. Asynchronous quasi delay insensitive majority voters corresponding to quintuple modular redundancy for mission/safety-critical applications. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239395. [PMID: 32960925 PMCID: PMC7508396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic circuits and systems employed in mission- and safety-critical applications such as space, aerospace, nuclear plants etc. tend to suffer from multiple faults due to radiation and other harsh external phenomena. To overcome single or multiple faults from affecting electronic circuits and systems, progressive module redundancy (PMR) has been suggested as a potential solution that recommends the use of different levels of redundancy for the vulnerable portions of a circuit or system depending upon their criticality. According to PMR, triple modular redundancy (TMR) can be used where a single fault is likely to occur and should be masked, and quintuple modular redundancy (QMR) can be used where double faults are likely to occur and should be masked. In this article, we present asynchronous QDI majority voter designs for QMR and state which are preferable from cycle time (i.e., speed), area, power, and energy perspectives. Towards this, we implemented example QMR circuits in a robust QDI asynchronous design style by employing a delay insensitive dual rail code for data encoding and adopting four-phase handshake protocols for data communication. Based on physical implementations using a 32/28nm CMOS process, we find that our proposed QMR majority voter achieves improved optimization in speed and energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Balasubramanian
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - N. E. Mastorakis
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Technical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Behera B, Nageshwari K, Darshini M, Balasubramanian P. Evaluating the harvesting efficiency of inorganic coagulants on native microalgal consortium enriched with human urine. Water Sci Technol 2020; 82:1217-1226. [PMID: 33055411 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Flocculation is a common technique to harvest microalgae, where the negatively charged algal cells coalesce together to form larger flocs that settle under gravity. Although several inorganic flocculants have been applied for algal biomass recovery, the dosage varies depending on the algal strain-specific features. Thus, the selection of inorganic coagulant that can be applied at a low dosage for achieving the maximal biomass recovery under normal physiological conditions is necessary. The present study analyses the influence of different inorganic flocculants like ferric chloride (FeCl3), alum, calcium hydroxide, ferrous sulphate and copper sulphate on the biomass removal efficiency of a mixed microalgal consortium isolated from the open ponds of the National Institute of Technology Rourkela and further enriched with diluted human urine. Flocculation experiments were carried out with varying coagulant dosages, pH between 7.5 and 7.8, and 0.5 g L-1 algal concentration. The results revealed that FeCl3 at the dosage of 0.05 g L-1 and KAl(SO4)2 with the dosage of 0.04 g L-1 could be utilized to achieve the biomass recovery efficiency of 99.5% and 97.9%, respectively, within a duration of 5 min. An economic evaluation of the harvesting process showed KAl(SO4)2 to be the cheapest coagulant that could be feasibly used to recover algae at a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Behera
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, India E-mail:
| | - K Nageshwari
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, India E-mail: ; Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
| | - M Darshini
- Department of Biotechnology, Anna University, Chennai 600025, India
| | - P Balasubramanian
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela 769008, India E-mail:
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Behera B, Selvam S M, Dey B, Balasubramanian P. Algal biodiesel production with engineered biochar as a heterogeneous solid acid catalyst. Bioresour Technol 2020; 310:123392. [PMID: 32339890 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluates the use of engineered biochar as a heterogeneous solid acid catalyst for transesterification of algal oil derived from a native microalgal consortium. Biochar derived from sugarcane bagasse, coconut shell, corncob and peanut shell were evaluated for catalytic activity following surface modification. Peanut shell pyrolyzed at 400 °C with the sulfonic acid density of 0.837 mmol/g having 6.616 m2/g surface area was selected for efficient catalysis. The efficiency of transesterification was evaluated with 1-7 wt% catalyst loading, methanol: oil ratio of 6:1 to 30:1 at 55-85 °C over 2-8 h. Biodiesel yield of 94.91% was obtained with 5 wt% catalyst loading, MeOH: oil ratio of 20:1 at 65 °C after 4 h. Spectral analysis of algal biodiesel showed the presence of functional groups corresponding to esters. GC-MS analysis revealed the prominent presence of palmitic and oleic acids, further advocating the suitability of the technology for commercial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunushree Behera
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Mari Selvam S
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - Baishali Dey
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India
| | - P Balasubramanian
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, India.
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Behera B, Patra S, Balasubramanian P. Biological nutrient recovery from human urine by enriching mixed microalgal consortium for biodiesel production. J Environ Manage 2020; 260:110111. [PMID: 32090822 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Utilization of waste resources is necessary to harness the long-term sustainability of algal technology. The study focused on the use of human urine as the basic nutrient source for culturing native microalgal consortium and further optimized the process parameters using response surface methodology. A full factorial, central composite rotatable design (CCRD) with three variables: urine concentration (1-10% vol of urine/vol of distil water [%v/v]), pH (6.5-9) and light intensity (50-350 μmolphotonsm-2sec-1) was used to evaluate the microalgal biomass and lipid content. Results indicated that at 95% confidence limits, the selected factors influence the biomass and lipid productivity. The maximum biomass productivity of 211.63 ± 1.40 mg l-1 d-1 was obtained under optimized conditions with 6.50% v/v of urine, pH of 7.69 and at light intensity of 205.40 μmolphotonsm-2sec-1. The lipid content was found to increase from 18.96 ± 1.30% in control media to 26.27 ± 1.94% under optimal conditions. The interactive effect of variables over the microalgal biomass and lipid content has also been elucidated. The data obtained were comparable to the BG11 media (control). Optimized diluted urine media in the presence of ammonium ions and under limited nitrate showed better lipid yields. Significant lipid biomolecules were detected in the algal oil extracts obtained from the diluted urine media characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) revealed the presence of several monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the transesterified algal oil. Such studies would aid in technically realizing the field scale cultivation of microalgae for biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunushree Behera
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Sandip Patra
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - P Balasubramanian
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Odisha, India.
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Praveen MA, Parvathy KRK, Patra S, Khan I, Natarajan P, Balasubramanian P. Cytotoxic and pharmacokinetic studies of Indian seaweed polysaccharides for formulating raindrop synbiotic candy. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 154:557-566. [PMID: 32173429 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.03.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Gut microbiome evidenced as the assembling mode of action facilitates the relationship of environmental factors (such as diet and lifestyle) with colorectal cancer. The cytotoxic and anticancer studies of the enzymatically extracted polysaccharides from selected Indian seaweeds (such as S. wightii, E. compressa, and A. spicifera) on Raw 264.7 macrophage and HT-29 human colon cancer cell line were investigated. E. compressa showed nitric oxide production up to a concentration of 6.99 ± 0.05 μM. The polysaccharide extract of seaweed (PES), A. spicifera (100 μg/ml) had shown the highest in-vitro cytotoxicity effect on HT-29 cells up to 52.13 ± 1.4%. Absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) predictions were performed for exploring the possibility of anti-cancer drug development. The formulated synbiotic candy exhibited post storage survivability of probiotic species L. plantarum NCIM 2083 up to 107 CFU/ml until three weeks and it could be an aesthetic functional food for treating colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ajanth Praveen
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - K R Karthika Parvathy
- Food Microbiology and Bioprocess Laboratory, Dept. of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, India.
| | - Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Dept. of Life Science, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - Imran Khan
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT), Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Pradeep Natarajan
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - P Balasubramanian
- Dept. of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, India.
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Ajanth Praveen M, Karthika Parvathy K, Jayabalan R, Balasubramanian P. Dietary fiber from Indian edible seaweeds and its in-vitro prebiotic effect on the gut microbiota. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Behera B, Balasubramanian P. Natural plant extracts as an economical and ecofriendly alternative for harvesting microalgae. Bioresour Technol 2019; 283:45-52. [PMID: 30901587 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.03.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the ability of plant based natural coagulants from Azadirachta indica; Ficus indica; Moringa oleifera; Citrus sinensis; Punica granatum and Musa acuminata to harvest the microalgal biomass. Influence of eluent type (water and NaCl) and concentration (1-5 N) on coagulant extraction; coagulant dosage (1-5 g) and volume (20-100 ml); pH (6-12) and algal concentration (0.1-1 g l-1) on harvesting were analyzed. The results obtained were compared with alum and chitosan. FTIR and biochemical analysis confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds to aid coagulation. Biomass removal efficiency of 75.50% was obtained with M. oleifera extracts (8 mg ml-1) at pH 7.5-7.8, within 100 min. The harvesting efficiency increased to 95.76% when 4 mg ml-1M. oleifera extracts was combined with 0.75 mg ml-1 chitosan. The life cycle and cost analysis acknowledged the eco-friendly coagulants as strong alternative for conventional coagulants used in microalgal harvesting, thereby improvising the overall bioprocess.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunushree Behera
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, India
| | - P Balasubramanian
- Agricultural & Environmental Biotechnology Group, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, 769008, India.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K M Niyas
- Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India
| | - P Balasubramanian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, CT, USA
| | - N K Thulaseedharan
- Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
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Balasubramanian P, Maskell DL, Mastorakis NE. Speed and energy optimized quasi-delay-insensitive block carry lookahead adder. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218347. [PMID: 31226125 PMCID: PMC6588219 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a new asynchronous quasi-delay-insensitive (QDI) block carry lookahead adder with redundant carry (BCLARC) realized using delay-insensitive dual-rail data encoding and 4-phase return-to-zero (RTZ) and 4-phase return-to-one (RTO) handshaking. The proposed QDI BCLARC is found to be faster and energy-efficient than the existing asynchronous adders which are QDI and non-QDI (i.e., relative-timed). Compared to existing asynchronous adders corresponding to various architectures such as the ripple carry adder (RCA), the conventional carry lookahead adder (CCLA), the carry select adder (CSLA), the BCLARC, and the hybrid BCLARC-RCA, the proposed BCLARC is found to be faster and more energy-optimized. The cycle time (CT), which is expressed as the sum of the worst-case times taken for processing the data and the spacer, governs the speed. The product of average power dissipation and CT viz. the power-cycle time product (PCTP) defines the low power/energy efficiency. For a 32-bit addition, the proposed QDI BCLARC achieves the following reductions in design metrics on average over its counterparts when considering RTZ and RTO handshaking: i) 20.5% and 19.6% reductions in CT and PCTP respectively compared to an optimum QDI early output RCA, ii) 16.5% and 15.8% reductions in CT and PCTP respectively compared to an optimum relative-timed RCA, iii) 32.9% and 35.9% reductions in CT and PCTP respectively compared to an optimum uniform input-partitioned QDI early output CSLA, iv) 47.5% and 47.2% reductions in CT and PCTP respectively compared to an optimum QDI early output CCLA, v) 14.2% and 27.3% reductions in CT and PCTP respectively compared to an optimum QDI early output BCLARC, and vi) 12.2% and 11.6% reductions in CT and PCTP respectively compared to an optimum QDI early output hybrid BCLARC-RCA. The adders were implemented using a 32/28nm CMOS technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Balasubramanian
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - D L Maskell
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - N E Mastorakis
- Department of Industrial Engineering, Technical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Geetha S, Joshi JB, Kumar KK, Arul L, Kokiladevi E, Balasubramanian P, Sudhakar D. Genetic transformation of tropical maize ( Zea mays L.) inbred line with a phytase gene from Aspergillus niger. 3 Biotech 2019; 9:208. [PMID: 31093478 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-019-1731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A full-length cDNA of phyA gene of Aspergillus niger, encoding phytase enzyme, was cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21 cells and assayed for its activity. The phyA cDNA consisted of 1404 bp, which encoded 467 amino acid residues. The phytase activity of purified phytase was 826.33 U/mL. The phyA gene under the control of endosperm-specific promoters was transformed into an Indian maize inbred line, UMI29, using particle bombardment-mediated transformation method to generate transgenic maize plants over-expressing phytase in seeds. PCR and GUS analyses demonstrated the presence of transgenes in T0 transgenic plants and their stable inheritance in the T1 progenies. Three transgenic events expressing detectable level of A. niger phytase were characterized by western blot analysis. Phytase activity of 463.158 U/kg of seed was observed in one of the events, JB-UMI29-Z17/2. The phytase activity of transgenic maize seeds was 5.5- to 7-fold higher than the wild-type UMI29 seeds and, consequently, the seeds had 0.6- to 5-fold higher inorganic phosphorus content.
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Abstract
In the recent years the advancement in the field of microelectronics integrated circuit (IC) design technologies proved to be a boon for design and development of various advanced systems in-terms of its reduction in form factor, low power, high speed and with increased capacity to incorporate more designs. These systems provide phenomenal advantage for armoured fighting vehicle (AFV) design to develop miniaturised low power, high performance sub-systems. One such emerging high-end technology to be used to develop systems with high capabilities for AFVs is discussed in this paper. Three dimensional IC design is one of the emerging field used to develop high density heterogeneous systems in a reduced form factor. A novel grouping based partitioning and merge based placement (GPMP) methodology for 3D ICs to reduce through silicon vias (TSVs) count and placement time is proposed. Unlike state-of-the-art techniques, the proposed methodology does not suffer from initial overlap of cells during intra-layer placement which reduces the placement time. Connectivity based grouping and partitioning ensures less number of TSVs and merge based placement further reduces intra layer wire-length. The proposed GPMP methodology has been extensively against the IBMPLACE database and performance has been compared with the latest techniques resulting in 12 per cent improvement in wire-length, 13 per cent reduction in TSV and 1.1x improvement in placement time.
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Affiliation(s)
- V K M Niyas
- From the Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - P Balasubramanian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale New Haven Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, CT, USA
| | - N K Thulaseedharan
- Department of Medicine, Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
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Rangabhashiyam S, Balasubramanian P. Characteristics, performances, equilibrium and kinetic modeling aspects of heavy metal removal using algae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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18
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Fopase R, Nayak S, Mohanta M, Kale P, Balasubramanian P. Inhibition Assays of Urease for Detecting Trivalent Chromium in Drinking Water. Springer Transactions in Civil and Environmental Engineering 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-1202-1_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Indira D, Das B, Bhawsar H, Moumita S, Johnson EM, Balasubramanian P, Jayabalan R. Investigation on the production of bioethanol from black tea waste biomass in the seawater-based system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biteb.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mohanan E, Panetta JC, Lakshmi KM, Edison ES, Korula A, Fouzia NA, Abraham A, Viswabandya A, Mathews V, George B, Srivastava A, Balasubramanian P. Correction: Population pharmacokinetics of fludarabine in patients with aplastic anemia and Fanconi anemia undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 2018; 53:1490. [PMID: 30135463 PMCID: PMC6327191 DOI: 10.1038/s41409-018-0276-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This article was originally published under a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 license, but has now been made available under a CC BY 4.0 license. The PDF and HTML versions of the article have been modified accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Mohanan
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - J C Panetta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - K M Lakshmi
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - E S Edison
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - A Korula
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - N A Fouzia
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - A Abraham
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - A Viswabandya
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - V Mathews
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - B George
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - A Srivastava
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - P Balasubramanian
- Department of Hematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India.
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Saravanan S, Kumar K, Raveendran M, Sudhakar D, Arul L, Kokiladevi E, Raguchander T, Mani S, Balasubramanian P. Genetic Engineering of Sugarcane for Drought and Salt Tolerant Transgenic Plants Expressing the BcZAT12 Gene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.20546/ijcmas.2018.707.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Das B, Moumita S, Ghosh S, Khan MI, Indira D, Jayabalan R, Tripathy SK, Mishra A, Balasubramanian P. Biosynthesis of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoflakes by using leaf extract of Bauhinia purpurea and evaluation of its antibacterial property against Staphylococcus aureus. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2018; 91:436-444. [PMID: 30033274 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanobiotechnology has become a newly evolving field of interest in biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility and non-toxic nature towards the environment. Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles have been widely used as an antibacterial agent due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant pathogens, which leads to the outbreak of infectious diseases. In the present paper, biogenic synthesis of magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoflakes is reported by using Bauhinia purpurea leaf extract through alkaline precipitation method along with its detailed characterization. The average size of synthesized nanoflakes was found to be around 11 nm. Electron microscopy was used to investigate the morphology of the MgO nanoflakes. Additionally, the presence of antioxidants, phenolics and flavonoids in B. purpurea leaf extract has been studied by using different assays, which suggested the efficacy of leaf extract as a potential reducing agent for MgO nanoflakes synthesis. Antibacterial activity of synthesized MgO nanoflakes was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, a gram positive bacteria known to cause various infections in humans. Results suggested the high efficacy of MgO nanoflakes as a potential antibacterial agent against S. aureus at meager dose size (250 μg/ml) and possible mode of action was investigated through surface morphology analysis of bacterial cells by field emission scanning electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Das
- Bioenergy and Environmental Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Sahoo Moumita
- Food Microbiology and Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - Soumen Ghosh
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Md Imran Khan
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Dash Indira
- Food Microbiology and Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India
| | - R Jayabalan
- Food Microbiology and Bioprocess Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
| | - Suraj K Tripathy
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - Amrita Mishra
- School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024, India
| | - P Balasubramanian
- Bioenergy and Environmental Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology & Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha 769008, India.
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Rangabhashiyam S, Balasubramanian P. Adsorption behaviors of hazardous methylene blue and hexavalent chromium on novel materials derived from Pterospermum acerifolium shells. J Mol Liq 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2018.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Vidya G, Manokaran K, Ganesan VR, Prasath M, Epuri S, Balasubramanian P, Babu C, Venkatasubrahmanyam B, Bandyopadhyay P. Aerodynamic Design, Characterization and Flight Performance of RLV-TD. CURR SCI INDIA 2018. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v114/i01/48-63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Vinoth Kumar J, Karthik R, Chen SM, Balasubramanian P, Muthuraj V, Selvam V. A Novel Cerium Tungstate Nanosheets Modified Electrode for the Effective Electrochemical Detection of Carcinogenic Nitrite Ions. ELECTROANAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201700120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Vinoth Kumar
- Department of Chemistry; VHNSN College; Virudhunagar- 626001 Tamilnadu India
| | - R. Karthik
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Taipei University of Technology; No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road Taipei 106 Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shen-Ming Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Taipei University of Technology; No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road Taipei 106 Taiwan, ROC
| | - P. Balasubramanian
- Department of Chemical Engineering; National Taipei University of Technology; No. 1, Section 3, Chung-Hsiao East Road Taipei 106 Taiwan, ROC
| | - V. Muthuraj
- Department of Chemistry; VHNSN College; Virudhunagar- 626001 Tamilnadu India
| | - V. Selvam
- Department of Chemistry; VHNSN College; Virudhunagar- 626001 Tamilnadu India
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Biswas P, Karn AK, Balasubramanian P, Kale PG. Biosensor for detection of dissolved chromium in potable water: A review. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 94:589-604. [PMID: 28364706 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The unprecedented deterioration rate of the environmental quality due to rapid urbanization and industrialization causes a severe global health concern to both ecosystem and humanity. Heavy metals are ubiquitous in nature and being used extensively in industrial processes, the exposure to excessive levels could alter the biochemical cycles of living systems. Hence the environmental monitoring through rapid and specific detection of heavy metal contamination in potable water is of paramount importance. Various standard analytical techniques and sensors are used for the detection of heavy metals include spectroscopy and chromatographic methods along with electrochemical, optical waveguide and polymer based sensors. However, the mentioned techniques lack the point of care application as it demands huge capital cost as well as the attention of expert personnel for sample preparation and operation. Recent advancements in the synergetic interaction among biotechnology and microelectronics have advocated the biosensor technology for a wide array of applications due to its characteristic features of sensitivity and selectivity. This review paper has outlined the overview of chromium toxicity, conventional analytical techniques along with a particular emphasis on electrochemical based biosensors for chromium detection in potable water. This article emphasized porous silicon as a host material for enzyme immobilization and elaborated the working principle, mechanism, kinetics of an enzyme-based biosensor for chromium detection. The significant characteristics such as pore size, thickness, and porosity make the porous silicon suitable for enzyme entrapment. Further, several schemes on porous silicon-based immobilized enzyme biosensors for the detection of chromium in potable water are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Biswas
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India; Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India.
| | - Abhinav Kumar Karn
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India.
| | - P Balasubramanian
- Department of Biotechnology and Medical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India.
| | - Paresh G Kale
- Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha, India.
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Sengottuvelan A, Balasubramanian P, Will J, Boccaccini A. Bioactivation of titanium dioxide scaffolds by ALP-functionalization. Bioact Mater 2017; 2:108-115. [PMID: 29744418 PMCID: PMC5935041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Three dimensional TiO2 scaffolds are receiving renewed attention for bone tissue engineering (TE) due to their biocompatibility and attractive mechanical properties. However the bioactivity of these scaffolds is comparatively lower than that of bioactive glass or hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffolds. One strategy to improve bioactivity is to functionalize the surface of the scaffolds using biomolecules. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was chosen in this study due to its important role in the bone mineralization process. The current study investigated the ALP functionalization of 3D titanium dioxide scaffolds using self-polymerization of dopamine. Robust titanium scaffolds (compressive strength∼2.7 ± 0.3 MPa) were produced via foam replica method. Enzyme grafting was performed by dip-coating in polydopamine/ALP solution. The presence of ALP was indirectly confirmed by contact angle measurements and enzymatic activity study. The influence of the enzyme on the bioactivity, e.g. hydroxyapatite formation on the scaffold surface, was measured in simulated body fluid (SBF). After 28 days in SBF, 5 mg ALP coated titania scaffolds exhibited increased hydroxyapatite formation. It was thus confirmed that ALP enhances the bioactivity of titania scaffolds, converting an inert bioceramic in an attractive bioactive system for bone TE.
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Arun AK, Senthamizhselvi A, Mani S, Vinodhini K, Janet NB, Lakshmi KM, Abraham A, George B, Srivastava A, Srivastava VM, Mathews V, Balasubramanian P. Frequency of rare BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts in chronic myeloid leukemia patients. Int J Lab Hematol 2016; 39:235-242. [PMID: 28035733 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The hallmark of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is the presence of Philadelphia chromosome, its resultant fusion transcript (BCR-ABL1), and fusion protein (p210). Alternate breakpoints in BCR (m-bcr, μ-bcr, and others) or ABL1 result in the expression of few rare fusion transcripts (e19a2, e1a2, e13a3, e14a3) and fusion proteins (p190, p200, p225) whose exact clinical significance remains to be determined. METHODS Our study was designed to determine the type and frequency of BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts in 1260 CML patients and to analyze the prognosis and treatment response in patients harboring rare BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts. RESULTS The frequency of various BCR-ABL1 fusion transcripts was as follows: e14a2 (60%), e13a2 (34.3%), e1a2 (1.2%), e1a2 + e13a2 (2.0%), e1a2 + e14a2 (1.8%), e19a2 (0.3%), and e14a3 (0.3%). CML patients with e1a2 transcripts had higher rates of disease progression, resistance, or suboptimal response to imatinib and failed to achieve major molecular response. CONCLUSION Characterization of the specific fusion transcript in CML patients is important owing to the difference in prognosis and response to therapy in addition to the conventional need for monitoring treatment response. CML patients with e1a2 transcripts have to be closely monitored due to the high incidence of disease progression and treatment resistance/failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Arun
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - A Senthamizhselvi
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - S Mani
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - K Vinodhini
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - N B Janet
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - K M Lakshmi
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - A Abraham
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - B George
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - A Srivastava
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - V M Srivastava
- Cytogenetics Unit, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - V Mathews
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - P Balasubramanian
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Kiran K, Rawal HC, Dubey H, Jaswal R, Devanna BN, Gupta DK, Bhardwaj SC, Prasad P, Pal D, Chhuneja P, Balasubramanian P, Kumar J, Swami M, Solanke AU, Gaikwad K, Singh NK, Sharma TR. Draft Genome of the Wheat Rust Pathogen (Puccinia triticina) Unravels Genome-Wide Structural Variations during Evolution. Genome Biol Evol 2016; 8:2702-21. [PMID: 27521814 PMCID: PMC5630921 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evw197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Leaf rust is one of the most important diseases of wheat and is caused by Puccinia triticina, a highly variable rust pathogen prevalent worldwide. Decoding the genome of this pathogen will help in unraveling the molecular basis of its evolution and in the identification of genes responsible for its various biological functions. We generated high quality draft genome sequences (approximately 100- 106 Mb) of two races of P. triticina; the variable and virulent Race77 and the old, avirulent Race106. The genomes of races 77 and 106 had 33X and 27X coverage, respectively. We predicted 27678 and 26384 genes, with average lengths of 1,129 and 1,086 bases in races 77 and 106, respectively and found that the genomes consisted of 37.49% and 39.99% repetitive sequences. Genome wide comparative analysis revealed that Race77 differs substantially from Race106 with regard to segmental duplication (SD), repeat element, and SNP/InDel characteristics. Comparative analyses showed that Race 77 is a recent, highly variable and adapted Race compared with Race106. Further sequence analyses of 13 additional pathotypes of Race77 clearly differentiated the recent, active and virulent, from the older pathotypes. Average densities of 2.4 SNPs and 0.32 InDels per kb were obtained for all P. triticina pathotypes. Secretome analysis demonstrated that Race77 has more virulence factors than Race 106, which may be responsible for the greater degree of adaptation of this pathogen. We also found that genes under greater selection pressure were conserved in the genomes of both races, and may affect functions crucial for the higher levels of virulence factors in Race77. This study provides insights into the genome structure, genome organization, molecular basis of variation, and pathogenicity of P. triticina The genome sequence data generated in this study have been submitted to public domain databases and will be an important resource for comparative genomics studies of the more than 4000 existing Puccinia species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanti Kiran
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Hukam C Rawal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Himanshu Dubey
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rajdeep Jaswal
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - B N Devanna
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Subhash C Bhardwaj
- ICAR - Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, India
| | - P Prasad
- ICAR - Indian Institute of Wheat and Barley Research, Regional Station, Flowerdale, Shimla, India
| | - Dharam Pal
- ICAR - Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station Tutikandi Centre, Shimla, India
| | | | | | - J Kumar
- ICAR - National Institute of Biotic Stress Management, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - M Swami
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Regional Station, Wellington, India
| | | | - Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Nagendra K Singh
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Tilak Raj Sharma
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Ganesan S, Alex AA, Chendamarai E, Balasundaram N, Palani HK, David S, Kulkarni U, Aiyaz M, Mugasimangalam R, Korula A, Abraham A, Srivastava A, Padua RA, Chomienne C, George B, Balasubramanian P, Mathews V. Rationale and efficacy of proteasome inhibitor combined with arsenic trioxide in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Leukemia 2016; 30:2169-2178. [PMID: 27560113 PMCID: PMC5097069 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2016.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic trioxide (ATO) mediates PML-RARA (promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor-α) oncoprotein degradation via the proteasome pathway and this degradation appears to be critical for achieving cure in acute promyeloytic leukemia (APL). We have previously demonstrated significant micro-environment-mediated drug resistance (EMDR) to ATO in APL. Here we demonstrate that this EMDR could be effectively overcome by combining a proteasome inhibitor (bortezomib) with ATO. A synergistic effect on combining these two agents in vitro was noted in both ATO-sensitive and ATO-resistant APL cell lines. The mechanism of this synergy involved downregulation of the nuclear factor-κB pathway, increase in unfolded protein response (UPR) and an increase in reactive oxygen species generation in the malignant cell. We also noted that PML-RARA oncoprotein is effectively cleared with this combination in spite of proteasome inhibition by bortezomib, and that this clearance is mediated through a p62-dependent autophagy pathway. We further demonstrated that proteasome inhibition along with ATO had an additive effect in inducing autophagy. The beneficial effect of this combination was further validated in an animal model and in an on-going clinical trial. This study raises the potential of a non-myelotoxic proteasome inhibitor replacing anthracyclines in the management of high-risk and relapsed APL.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ganesan
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - A A Alex
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - E Chendamarai
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - N Balasundaram
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - H K Palani
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - S David
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - U Kulkarni
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - M Aiyaz
- Genotypic Technology, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - A Korula
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - A Abraham
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - A Srivastava
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - R A Padua
- UMR-S1131, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire d' Hématologie, Universite Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - C Chomienne
- UMR-S1131, Hôpital Saint Louis, Paris, France.,Institut Universitaire d' Hématologie, Universite Paris Diderot, Paris, France
| | - B George
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - P Balasubramanian
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
| | - V Mathews
- Department of Haematology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
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Hunter I, Ramanathan V, Balasubramanian P, Evans DA, Hardman JG, McCahon RA. Retention of laryngoscopy skills in medical students: a randomised, cross-over study of the Macintosh, A.P. Advance(™) , C-MAC(®) and Airtraq(®) laryngoscopes. Anaesthesia 2016; 71:1191-7. [PMID: 27530359 DOI: 10.1111/anae.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In addition to being effective and easy to learn how to use, the ideal laryngoscope should be associated with minimal reduction in skill performance during gaps in practice over time. We compared the time taken to intubate the trachea of a manikin by novice medical students immediately after training, and then after 1 month, with no intervening practice. We designed a two-period, four-group, randomised, cross-over trial to compare the Macintosh, Venner(™) A.P. Advance(™) with difficult airway blade, C-MAC(®) with D-Blade and Airtraq(®) with wireless video-viewer. A bougie was used to aid intubation with the Macintosh and the C-MAC. After training, there was no significant difference in median (IQR [range]) intubation time using the videolaryngoscopes compared with the Macintosh, which took 30 (26.5-35 [12-118])s. One month later, the intubation time was longer using the C-MAC (41 (29.5-52 [20-119])s; p = 0.002) and A.P. Advance (40 (28.5-57.5 [21-107])s; p = 0.0003)m compared with the Macintosh (27 (21-29 [16-90])s); there was no difference using the Airtraq (27 (20.5-32.5 [15-94])s; p = 0.258) compared with the Macintosh. While skill acquisition after a brief period of learning and practice was equal for each laryngoscope, performance levels differed after 1 month without practice. In particular, the consistency of performance using the C-MAC and A.P. Advance was worse compared with the Macintosh and the Airtraq. While the clinical significance of this is doubtful, we believe that reliable and consistent performance at laryngoscopy is desirable; for the devices that we tested, this requires regular practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V Ramanathan
- East Midlands School of Anaesthesia, Nottingham, UK
| | - P Balasubramanian
- Department of Anaesthesia, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - D A Evans
- Department of Anaesthesia, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - J G Hardman
- Department of Anaesthesia, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK.,Anaesthesia and Critical Care Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - R A McCahon
- Department of Anaesthesia, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK. .,Anaesthesia and Critical Care Group, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Indira D, Sharmila D, Balasubramanian P, Thirugnanam A, Jayabalan R. Utilization of sea water based media for the production and characterization of cellulase by Fusarium subglutinans MTCC 11891. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Balasubramanian P. ASIC-based design of NMR system health monitor for mission/safety-critical applications. Springerplus 2016; 5:628. [PMID: 27330894 PMCID: PMC4870536 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2249-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
N-modular redundancy (NMR) is a generic fault tolerance scheme that is widely used in safety–critical circuit/system designs to guarantee the correct operation with enhanced reliability. In passive NMR, at least a majority (N + 1)/2 out of N function modules is expected to operate correctly at any time, where N is odd. Apart from a conventional realization of the NMR system, it would be useful to provide a concurrent indication of the system’s health so that an appropriate remedial action may be initiated depending upon an application’s safety criticality. In this context, this article presents the novel design of a generic NMR system health monitor which features: (i) early fault warning logic, that is activated upon the production of a conflicting result by even one output of any arbitrary function module, and (ii) error signalling logic, which signals an error when the number of faulty function modules unfortunately attains a majority and the system outputs may no more be reliable. Two sample implementations of NMR systems viz. triple modular redundancy and quintuple modular redundancy with the proposed system health monitoring are presented in this work, with a 4-bit ALU used for the function modules. The simulations are performed using a 32/28 nm CMOS process technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Balasubramanian
- School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Mani
- Department of Neurovirology, WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Balasubramanian P, Yamashita S. Area/latency optimized early output asynchronous full adders and relative-timed ripple carry adders. Springerplus 2016; 5:440. [PMID: 27104128 PMCID: PMC4828369 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
This article presents two area/latency optimized gate level asynchronous full adder designs which correspond to early output logic. The proposed full adders are constructed using the delay-insensitive dual-rail code and adhere to the four-phase return-to-zero handshaking. For an asynchronous ripple carry adder (RCA) constructed using the proposed early output full adders, the relative-timing assumption becomes necessary and the inherent advantages of the relative-timed RCA are: (1) computation with valid inputs, i.e., forward latency is data-dependent, and (2) computation with spacer inputs involves a bare minimum constant reverse latency of just one full adder delay, thus resulting in the optimal cycle time. With respect to different 32-bit RCA implementations, and in comparison with the optimized strong-indication, weak-indication, and early output full adder designs, one of the proposed early output full adders achieves respective reductions in latency by 67.8, 12.3 and 6.1 %, while the other proposed early output full adder achieves corresponding reductions in area by 32.6, 24.6 and 6.9 %, with practically no power penalty. Further, the proposed early output full adders based asynchronous RCAs enable minimum reductions in cycle time by 83.4, 15, and 8.8 % when considering carry-propagation over the entire RCA width of 32-bits, and maximum reductions in cycle time by 97.5, 27.4, and 22.4 % for the consideration of a typical carry chain length of 4 full adder stages, when compared to the least of the cycle time estimates of various strong-indication, weak-indication, and early output asynchronous RCAs of similar size. All the asynchronous full adders and RCAs were realized using standard cells in a semi-custom design fashion based on a 32/28 nm CMOS process technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Balasubramanian
- School of Computer Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798 Singapore
| | - S Yamashita
- Department of Computer Science, College of Information Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, Kusatsu, Shiga 525-8577 Japan
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36
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Beslin Joshi J, Nallathambi G, Kumar K, Kokiladevi E, Arul L, Balasubramanian P, Sudhakar D. AN EFFICIENT RECOVERY OF TRANSGENIC PLANTS FROM A TROPICAL INDIAN MAIZE INBRED LINE. J microb biotech food sci 2016. [DOI: 10.15414/jmbfs.2016.5.4.335-340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical Indian maize inbreds are known for their recalcitrance in tissue culture which is a prerequisite for development of transgenic lines from such cultivars. In the present study, particle bombardment-mediated transformation of a tropical Indian maize inbred line, UMI29 was attempted. Parameters that infulence transforamation efficiency such as size of embryo (1.5 mm and 2.0 mm), micro-carrier flying distance (6 cm and 9 cm) and post-bombardment resting period (2, 7 and 10 days) on transient and stable expression of transgene were investigated. The greatest transformation efficiency of 2.67% was obtained using immature embryos of 1.5 mm at 6 cm of microcarrier flying distance with a resting period of 2 days. Stable inheritance of transgenes, viz., gusA and bar was confirmed in T1 lines.
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Marinaro M, Balasubramanian P, Gucciardi E, Theil S, Jörissen L, Wohlfahrt-Mehrens M. Importance of Reaction Kinetics and Oxygen Crossover in aprotic Li-O2 Batteries Based on a Dimethyl Sulfoxide Electrolyte. ChemSusChem 2015; 8:3139-3145. [PMID: 26249807 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Although still in their embryonic state, aprotic rechargeable Li-O2 batteries have, theoretically, the capabilities of reaching higher specific energy densities than Li-ion batteries. There are, however, significant drawbacks that must be addressed to allow stable electrochemical performance; these will ultimately be solved by a deeper understanding of the chemical and electrochemical processes occurring during battery operations. We report a study on the electrochemical and chemical stability of Li-O2 batteries comprising Au-coated carbon cathodes, a dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-based electrolyte and Li metal negative electrodes. The use of the aforementioned Au-coated cathodes in combination with a 1 M lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI)-DMSO electrolyte guarantees very good cycling stability (>300 cycles) by minimizing eventual side reactions. The main drawbacks arise from the high reactivity of the Li metal electrode when in contact with the O2 -saturated DMSO-based electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Marinaro
- ZSW, Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtzstr. 8, 89081 Ulm (Germany).
| | - P Balasubramanian
- ZSW, Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtzstr. 8, 89081 Ulm (Germany)
| | - E Gucciardi
- ZSW, Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtzstr. 8, 89081 Ulm (Germany)
| | - S Theil
- ZSW, Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtzstr. 8, 89081 Ulm (Germany)
| | - L Jörissen
- ZSW, Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtzstr. 8, 89081 Ulm (Germany)
| | - M Wohlfahrt-Mehrens
- ZSW, Center for Solar Energy and Hydrogen Research Baden-Württemberg, Helmholtzstr. 8, 89081 Ulm (Germany)
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Aruna R, Balasubramanian P. Fruiting Phenology of a Scrub Forest in Thiruporur, Eastern Ghats, India. ILNS 2015. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.44.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the fruiting phenology of 110 individuals of woody species belonging to 22 taxa (21 species, 1 variety) belonging to 15 families including 2 species of figs in a scrub forest, Thiruporur, Eastern Ghats. Fruiting peak was observed during July 2009 with 11 species in fruiting, a dip was observed during March 2009 where only 2 species were in fruiting. Season wise fruiting peak was observed during South-west and North-east Monsoon while the dip was during summer.
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Joshi JB, Geetha S, Singh B, Kumar KK, Kokiladevi E, Arul L, Balasubramanian P, Sudhakar D. A maize α-zein promoter drives an endosperm-specific expression of transgene in rice. Physiol Mol Biol Plants 2015; 21:35-42. [PMID: 25649529 PMCID: PMC4312335 DOI: 10.1007/s12298-014-0268-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An alpha-zein promoter isolated from maize containing P-box, E motif sequence TGTAAAGT, opaque-2 box and TATA box was studied for its tissue-specific expression in rice. A 1,098 bp promoter region of alpha-zein gene, fused to the upstream of gusA reporter gene was used for transforming rice immature embryos (ASD 16 or IR 64) via the particle bombardment-mediated method. PCR analysis of putative transformants demonstrated the presence of transgenes (the zein promoter, gusA and hpt). Nineteen out of 37 and two out of five events generated from ASD 16 and IR 64 were found to be GUS-positive. A histological staining analysis performed on sections of mature T1 seeds revealed that the GUS expression was limited to the endosperm and not to the pericarp or the endothelial region. GUS expression was observed only in the following seed development stages : milky (14-15 DAF), soft dough (17-18 DAF), hard dough (20-23 DAF), and mature stages (28-30 DAF) of zein-gusA transformed (T0) plants. On the contrary a constitutive expression of GUS was evident in CaMV35S-gusA plants. PCR and Southern blotting analyses on T1 plants demonstrated a stable integration and inheritance of transgene in the subsequent T1 generation. GUS assay on T2 seeds revealed that the expression of gusA gene driven by alpha-zein promoter was stable and tissue-specific over two generations. Results suggest that this alpha-zein promoter could serve as an alternative promoter to drive endosperm-specific expression of transgenes in rice and other cereal transformation experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Beslin Joshi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003 India
| | - S. Geetha
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003 India
| | - Birla Singh
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003 India
| | - K. K. Kumar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003 India
| | - E. Kokiladevi
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003 India
| | - L. Arul
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003 India
| | - P. Balasubramanian
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003 India
| | - D. Sudhakar
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003 India
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Gaur S, Kumar S, Balasubramanian P. Concurrent Chemoradiation with Weekly Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Locally Advanced Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu340.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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41
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Aruna R, Balasubramanian P. Fruiting Phenology and Avian Frugivory of <i>Streblus asper</i> Lour. in a Mixed Dry Deciduous Forest, Western Ghats, India. ILNS 2014. [DOI: 10.56431/p-b1g4bh] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the fruiting phenology and avian frugivory of Streblus asper (Moraceae) in a mixed dry deciduous forest, Anaikatty hills, Western Ghats. Fruiting occurred during April-June. Nine species of birds were found to feed on the ripe fruits of this species. Bulbuls (3 species) belonging to Pycnonotidae, followed by two species of Myna (Sturnidae) made majority of the feeding visits and appear to be the major seed dispersers of this species
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Aruna
- Siddha Central Research Institute
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Abstract
This paper describes the fruiting phenology and avian frugivory of Streblus asper (Moraceae) in a mixed dry deciduous forest, Anaikatty hills, Western Ghats. Fruiting occurred during April-June. Nine species of birds were found to feed on the ripe fruits of this species. Bulbuls (3 species) belonging to Pycnonotidae, followed by two species of Myna (Sturnidae) made majority of the feeding visits and appear to be the major seed dispersers of this species
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Aruna
- Siddha Central Research Institute
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Rajesh NG, Siddaraju N, Muthalagan E, Jain D, Kumari R, Balasubramanian P. Report of a case emphasizing the clinical utility of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of histoid leprosy. Cytopathology 2014; 26:132-3. [PMID: 24734966 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N G Rajesh
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Pondicherry, India
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Nehru P, Balasubramanian P. Sonneratia ovata Backer (Lythraceae): status and distribution of a Near Threatened mangrove species in tsunami impacted mangrove habitats of Nicobar Islands, India. J Threat Taxa 2012. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.o3009.3395-400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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Balasubramanian P, Philip L, Murty Bhallamudi S. Biotrickling filtration of complex pharmaceutical VOC emissions along with chloroform. Bioresour Technol 2012; 114:149-159. [PMID: 22507906 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Revised: 03/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation of chloroform along with a mixture of VOCs (methanol, ethanol, acetone and toluene) commonly found in pharmaceutical emissions using a biotrickling filter (BTF) was evaluated. The performance of the BTF was evaluated for both steady and transient conditions, for different inlet loading rates (ILR), empty bed residence time (EBRT) and inlet chloroform concentrations. Among the VOCs studied before chloroform feeding, toluene removal was the least, under all the operating conditions. Complete removal of all pollutants was achieved up to a chloroform loading rate of 14.22 g/m(3)/h. Increase in loading rate of chloroform adversely affected the removal efficiency of toluene and declined the overall performance of BTF. The results suggest that biodegradation of VOCs is influenced by the inlet loading rate and complexity of pollutants in the inlet air stream. Results from studies on shock loading and starvation indicated that the system was highly resilient to transient operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Balasubramanian
- Environmental and Water Resources Engineering Division, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai 600 036, India
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47
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Balasubramanian P, Aruna R, Anbarasu C, Santhoshkumar E. Avian frugivory and seed dispersal of Indian Sandalwood Santalum album in Tamil Nadu, India. J Threat Taxa 2011. [DOI: 10.11609/jott.o2552.1775-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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48
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Jatana K, Balasubramanian P, Lang JC, Teknos TN, Schuller DE, Chalmers JJ. Correlation of circulating tumor cells in SCCNH patients to cancer reoccurrence using a negative enrichment technology. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.5511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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49
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Lustberg MB, Balasubramanian P, Miller B, Garcia Villa A, Carothers S, Michael B, Mrozek E, Ramaswamy B, Layman RM, Wesolowski R, Shapiro CL, Chalmers JJ. EpCAM-negative cancer–associated circulating cells (CACS) in blood samples of women with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.e11559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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50
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Balasubramanian P, Philip L, Bhallamudi SM. Biodegradation of Chlorinated and Non-chlorinated VOCs from Pharmaceutical Industries. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2010; 163:497-518. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-010-9057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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