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Pandey V, Tiwari P, Sharma SP, Kumar R, Panigrahi P, Singh OP, Patne S. Development of a biomarker of efficacy in second-line treatment for lymphangioma of the tongue: a pilot study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 57:1137-1142. [PMID: 31727434 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2019.10.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lymphangioma of the tongue is a rare lymphatic malformation, and various authors have reported the successful use of sirolimus for its treatment. However, the safety of sirolimus in children needs further evaluation so that those who do not respond are not necessarily exposed to its potential adverse effects. We hypothesised that assessment of lymphangiogenesis can be used to predict whether the patient will respond to sirolimus, so we organised a prospective study after ethics committee approval had been given. After clinical and histological diagnoses of lymphangioma of the tongue had been confirmed, 16 patients were given sirolimus 0.8mg/day in three divided doses. Clinical response was assessed and compared with lymphatic microvessel density (LMVD), which was calculated immunohistochemically using the monoclonal antibody D2-40 as the lymphatic endothelial marker. Nine patients responded well, five partially, and two failed to respond. Mean (SD) LVD among the good responders was 21.00 (3.74), whereas among non-responders it was 8.00 (4.24). There was a significant difference in mean LVD between good responders, partial responders, and non-responders (p=0.04). Sirolimus is effective in treating children with lymphangioma of the tongue, and lymphangiogenesis is a useful therapeutic predictive marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pandey
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India.
| | - P Tiwari
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dental sciences, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University.
| | - S P Sharma
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India
| | - R Kumar
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India.
| | - P Panigrahi
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, U.P., India.
| | - O P Singh
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University.
| | - S Patne
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University.
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Panigrahi P, Dhinakaran AK, Naqvi SR, Gollu SR, Ahuja R, Hussain T. Light metal decorated graphdiyne nanosheets for reversible hydrogen storage. Nanotechnology 2018; 29:355401. [PMID: 29808826 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aac84c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The sensitive nature of molecular hydrogen (H2) interaction with the surfaces of pristine and functionalized nanostructures, especially two-dimensional materials, has been a subject of debate for a while now. An accurate approximation of the H2 adsorption mechanism has vital significance for fields such as H2 storage applications. Owing to the importance of this issue, we have performed a comprehensive density functional theory (DFT) study by means of several different approximations to investigate the structural, electronic, charge transfer and energy storage properties of pristine and functionalized graphdiyne (GDY) nanosheets. The dopants considered here include the light metals Li, Na, K, Ca, Sc and Ti, which have a uniform distribution over GDY even at high doping concentration due to their strong binding and charge transfer mechanism. Upon 11% of metal functionalization, GDY changes into a metallic state from being a small band-gap semiconductor. Such situations turn the dopants to a partial positive state, which is favorable for adsorption of H2 molecules. The adsorption mechanism of H2 on GDY has been studied and compared by different methods like generalized gradient approximation, van der Waals density functional and DFT-D3 functionals. It has been established that each functionalized system anchors multiple H2 molecules with adsorption energies that fall into a suitable range regardless of the functional used for approximations. A significantly high H2 storage capacity would guarantee that light metal-doped GDY nanosheets could serve as efficient and reversible H2 storage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Panigrahi
- Clean Energy and Nano Convergence Centre, Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science, Chennai 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
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Naqvi SR, Hussain T, Panigrahi P, Luo W, Ahuja R. Manipulating energy storage characteristics of ultrathin boron carbide monolayer under varied scandium doping. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24890j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report, for the first time we believe, a detailed investigation on hydrogen storage efficiency of scandium (Sc) decorated boron carbide (BC3) sheets using spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT).
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Affiliation(s)
- S. R. Naqvi
- Condensed Matter Theory Group
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Uppsala University
- SE-75120 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - T. Hussain
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology
- The University of Queensland
- Brisbane
- Australia
| | - P. Panigrahi
- Centre for Clean Energy and Nano Convergence (CENCON)
- Hindustan University
- Chennai
- India
| | - W. Luo
- Condensed Matter Theory Group
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Uppsala University
- SE-75120 Uppsala
- Sweden
| | - R. Ahuja
- Condensed Matter Theory Group
- Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Uppsala University
- SE-75120 Uppsala
- Sweden
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Panigrahi P. Neonatal microbiota in health and disease. Int J Infect Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2016.02.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Rao GS, Hussain T, Islam MS, Sagynbaeva M, Gupta D, Panigrahi P, Ahuja R. Adsorption mechanism of graphene-like ZnO monolayer towards CO₂ molecules: enhanced CO₂ capture. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:015502. [PMID: 26599020 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/1/015502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This work aims to efficiently capture CO2 on two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures for effective cleaning of our atmosphere and purification of exhausts coming from fuel engines. Here, we have performed extensive first principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the interaction of CO2 on a recently synthesized ZnO monolayer (ZnO-ML) in its pure, defected and functionalized form. A series of rigorous calculations yielded the most preferential binding configurations of the CO2 gas molecule on a ZnO-ML. It is observed that the substitution of one oxygen atom with boron, carbon and nitrogen on the ZnO monolayer resulted into enhanced CO2 adsorption. Our calculations show an enriched adsorption of CO2 on the ZnO-ML when substituting with foreign atoms like B, C and N. The improved adsorption energy of CO2 on ZnO suggests the ZnO-ML could be a promising candidate for future CO2 capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Rao
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Box 516, Uppsala University, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. Dept. of Metallurgical Engineering and Material Science, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
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Hussain T, Islam MS, Rao GS, Panigrahi P, Gupta D, Ahuja R. Hydrogen storage properties of light metal adatoms (Li, Na) decorated fluorographene monolayer. Nanotechnology 2015; 26:275401. [PMID: 26066734 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/26/27/275401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its high energy density, the potential of hydrogen (H2) as an energy carrier has been immense, however its storage remains a big obstacle and calls for an efficient storage medium. By means of density functional theory (DFT) in spin polarized generalized gradient approximation (GGA), we have investigated the structural, electronic and hydrogen storage properties of a light alkali metal (Li, Na) functionalized fluorographene monolayer (FG). Metal adatoms bind to the FG with significantly high binding energy, much higher than their cohesive energies, which helps to achieve a uniform distribution of metal adatoms on the monolayer and consequently ensure reversibility. Due to a difference of electronegativities, each metal adatom transfers a substantial amount of its charge to the FG monolayer and attains a partial positive state, which facilitates the adsorption of multiple H2 molecules around the adatoms by electrostatic as well as van der Waals interactions. To get a better description of H2 adsorption energies with metal-doped systems, we have also performed calculations using van der Waals corrections. For both the functionalized systems, the results indicate a reasonably high H2 storage capacity with H2 adsorption energies falling into the range for the practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Hussain
- Condensed Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Box 516, Uppsala University, S-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. Applied Materials Physics, Department of Materials and Engineering, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), S-100 44 Stockholm, Sweden. Centre for Theoretical and Computational Molecular Science, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
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Wassenaar TM, Panigrahi P. Is a foetus developing in a sterile environment? Lett Appl Microbiol 2014; 59:572-9. [PMID: 25273890 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Novel findings in microbiology question the long-standing paradigm that a healthy pregnancy implies a sterile uterus. It now seems that the placenta is frequently colonized with bacteria, and a placental microbiome has been identified. Recent literature findings are summarized here, and an attempt is made to separate pathological bacterial presence from a naturally occurring microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Wassenaar
- Molecular Microbiology and Consultants, Zotzenheim, Germany
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Roy R, Panigrahi P, Malathi J, Pal SS, Nandi K, Patil A, Nigam E, Arora V. Endophthalmitis caused by Acinetobacter baumanni: a case series. Eye (Lond) 2013; 27:450-2. [PMID: 23306728 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2012.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To profile the etiology, clinical outcomes and drug sensitivity patterns in endophthalmitis caused by Acinetobacter baumanni. METHODS Retrospective analysis of all the cases of Acinetobacter baumanni endophthalmitis presenting to tertiary referral care ophthalmic hospital in Eastern India from January 2009 to December 2011 were done. RESULTS A total of four cases were included in the study. Out of the four cases one was post traumatic and the rest were post cataract surgery. All the cases underwent vitreoretinal surgical intervention followed by intravitreal antibiotics. A. Baumanni was isolated from vitreous in all the cases. Among all the drugs tested bacteria were found sensitive to ciprofloxacin (100 %) whereas all tested resistant to ceftazidime. Out of the four cases one had to be eviscerated, another developed retinal detachment post vitrectomy, one was phthisical at final followup, and only one patient achieved a vision of 20/200 with clear media and attached retina at final visit. CONCLUSION A. Baumanni is a very rare cause of endophthalmitis with poor visual and anatomical outcomes. Ciprofloxacin should be considered as first the line intravitreal antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Roy
- Vitreo Retina Services, Aditya Birla Sankara Nethralaya, Kolkata, West Bengal, India.
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Kranzer K, Olson L, van Schaik N, Raditlhalo E, Hudson E, Panigrahi P, Bekker LG. Quality of induced sputum using a human-powered nebuliser in a mobile human immunodeficiency virus testing service in South Africa. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2011; 15:1077-81. [PMID: 21740671 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.10.0684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the quality of induced sputum samples using a human-powered (HPN) and an electric-powered nebuliser (EPN). METHODS For each participant two sputum samples were induced using the HPN and the EPN. The sequence of the two nebulisers was allocated at random. The proportion of good quality sputum according to different assessment criteria was compared using an exact McNemar test. The difference in time to expectoration was compared using the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. RESULTS A total of 123 individuals were eligible for the study. Nine individuals refused to participate and five were unable to produce a sputum sample. The proportion of good quality sputum was higher among sputum samples induced by the HPN compared to those obtained using the EPN. The median time to produce a sputum sample was 2.2 min (IQR 1.13-4.1) for the HPN and 2.5 min (IQR 1.4-4.1) for the EPN. CONCLUSION The HPN induced good quality sputum within 3 min. The device operates without electricity and is suitable not only for remote clinics with unreliable electricity, but also for mobile services and community-based intensified tuberculosis (TB) case finding. Further research needs to investigate the yield of TB in sputum samples induced by the HPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kranzer
- Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
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Hopkins RJ, Morris JG, Papadimitriou JC, Drachenberg C, Smoot DT, James SP, Panigrahi P. Loss of Helicobacter pylori hemagglutination with serial laboratory passage and correlation of hemagglutination with gastric epithelial cell adherence. Pathobiology 2001; 64:247-54. [PMID: 9068007 DOI: 10.1159/000164055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adherence of Helicobacter pylori to gastric epithelial cells is thought to be important in the pathogenesis of infection and may be essential to maintain lifelong colonization. However, the factors responsible for adherence to gastric epithelial cells in vivo have not been characterized, and the significance of adherence to standard epithelial cell lines is unclear. Hemagglutination is also thought to be important in H. pylori adherence. However, no studies have clearly linked H. pylori hemagglutination or adherence to cultured epithelial cells to primary gastric epithelial cell adherence. Furthermore, it is not clear whether laboratory strains which have undergone multiple passages lose potential colonization factors. In this study, we examined the effect of serial laboratory passage on hemagglutination and correlated the hemagglutination characteristics of H. pylori strains to primary gastric cell adherence. Variable expression of hemagglutination was seen with serial laboratory passage of 15 strains. After 100 serial laboratory passages, all strains had lost hemagglutination activity. Hemagglutination was seen in association with adherence to primary gastric cells in vitro isolated from 2 patients. An association with ultrastructural intimate adherence was seen with HEp-2 cells, but not with gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Ultrastructural adherence was seen in corresponding antral biopsies of patients whose strains were hemagglutination positive, but hemagglutination was not associated with gastric inflammation. These data indicate that H. pylori hemagglutination is lost with serial passage and that hemagglutination may play a role in the attachment of H. pylori to gastric epithelial cells, but the role of adherence to chronic gastric inflammation is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Hopkins
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA
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Puri SK, Gupta P, Panigrahi P, Kumar N, Gupta S, Chaudhary A. Ultrasonographic evaluation of common duct diameter in pre and post cholecystectomy patients. Trop Gastroenterol 2001; 22:23-4. [PMID: 11398240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
Thirty four patients with gall bladder disease and normal common duct were investigated prospectively by ultrasonography just before cholecystectomy and at periodic intervals of 1 months, 2 months, 3 months and once in 4-6 months after cholecystectomy. The pre and post cholecystectomy common duct diameters were measured at each visit and compared with each other to determine the statistical significance. No significant change (p > 0.05) occurred in common duct diameter following cholecystectomy.
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Abstract
AIM To serially characterise aerobic and anaerobic stool microflora in extremely low birthweight infants and to correlate colonisation patterns with clinical risk factors. METHODS Stool specimens from 29 infants of birthweight <1000 g were collected on days 10, 20, and 30 after birth. Quantitative aerobic and anaerobic cultures were performed. RESULTS By day 30, predominant species were Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterbacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria spp were identified in only one infant. In breast milk fed (but not in formula fed) infants, the total number of bacterial species/stool specimen increased significantly with time (2.50 (SE 0.34) on day 10; 3.13 (0.38) on day 20; 4.27 (0.45) on day 30) as did quantitative bacterial counts; Gram negative species accounted for most of the increase. On day 30, significant inverse correlations were found between days of previous antibiotic treatment and number of bacterial species (r=0.491) and total organisms/g of stool (r=0.482). Gestational age, birthweight, maternal antibiotic or steroid treatment, prolonged rupture of the membranes, and mode of delivery did not seem to affect colonisation patterns. CONCLUSIONS The gut of extremely low birthweight infants is colonised by a paucity of bacterial species. Breast milking and reduction of antibiotic exposure are critical to increasing fecal microbial diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Gewolb
- Division of Neonatology-UMMS Rm N5W68, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201-1554, USA.
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Chaudhry R, Sharma N, Bhushan S, Paul V, Singh M, Panigrahi P. <em>Salmonella</em> species in a neonate with necrotizing enterocolitis. Med J Indones 1998. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.v7isupp1.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Chaudhry R, Sharma N, Bhushan S, Paul V, Chandel D, Mishra B, Singh M, Panigrahi P. <em>Salmonella enterica serovar senftenberg</em> infection in the neonatal intensive care unit. Med J Indones 1998. [DOI: 10.13181/mji.v7isupp1.1122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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Mehta DI, Horváth K, Chanasongcram S, Hill ID, Panigrahi P. Epidermal growth factor up-regulates sodium-glucose cotransport in enterocyte models in the presence of cholera toxin. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1997; 21:185-91. [PMID: 9252942 DOI: 10.1177/0148607197021004185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose cotransport by enterocytes is key to the successful implementation of oral rehydration in diarrhea. Confluent, differentiated Caco-2 cells have enterocyte-like characteristics. We have previously shown that short-term incubation of isolated rat jejunal enterocytes with epidermal growth factor (EGF) results in the up-regulation of sodium-glucose cotransport. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of EGF on Caco-2 cells in the presence of cholera toxin. METHODS Caco-2 cells grown on tissue culture dishes were used for glucose and sodium uptake studies and cells were grown on polycarbonate membranes for transport examinations. Effects of EGF on the kinetic parameters of sodium-glucose contransporter, thymidine transport, and on the activity of Na+/K(+)-ATPase were examined. The efficacy of basolateral vs apical EGF on sodium and glucose transport was compared after incubation of the monolayers with 10 nmol/L of cholera toxin. RESULTS EGF increased both glucose and sodium uptake and transport, and we observed a simultaneous increase in the activity of Na+/K(+)-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). Kinetic studies performed on brush-border membrane vesicles prepared from EGF-incubated confluent monolayers and on intact cells showed an increase in the maximum velocity but not the Michaelis constant, suggesting increased availability of transporters rather than conformational change. This effect was seen within minutes in both of the two putative transporters, high-affinity, low-capacity and low-affinity, high-capacity. There was no acute effect on thymidine uptake. Studies in the presence of cholera toxin demonstrated a significant up-regulation in sodium-glucose cotransport when EGF was applied from the basolateral side; the increase was smaller but significant with apical application. CONCLUSIONS Differentiated Caco-2 cells have two kinetically distinct sodium-glucose cotransporters. Short-term incubation of Caco-2 cells with EGF resulted in an up-regulation of sodium-glucose cotransport and subsequent increase in Na+/K(+)-ATPase activity. The effect of basolaterally applied EGF was more significant with or without incubation with cholera toxin. The early effect of EGF on glucose and sodium cotransport may have important therapeutic implications in diarrhea and dehydration states. The in vitro model described here uses a homogeneous cell population and provides a versatile system for uptake and transport studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D I Mehta
- duPont Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Thomas Jefferson University, Wilmington, DE 19899, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND L-Glutamine is the principal energy source for small intestinal enterocytes. Diminution of intestinal function, mucosal atrophy, and increased bacterial translocation have been noted during total parenteral nutrition (TPN). In a rat model of glutamine starvation, we previously showed that luminal glutamine is essential for optimal intestinal function. In this study, we examined the effect of apical vs basolateral glutamine on bacterial translocation in a Caco-2 cell culture system and bacteria-induced tissue injury in a weanling rabbit ileal loop model. METHODS Caco-2 cells were grown in a transwell system. After confluence, apical and basolateral chambers received defined media, and glutamine deprivation was carried out over a 4- to 48-hour period. Escherichia coli transcytosis and structure/function studies were then performed. In a second series of experiments, the effect of intraluminal glutamine supplementation was evaluated in an E. coli-induced tissue injury model in weanling rabbit ileal loops. RESULTS Expression of disaccharidases, glucoamylase, and Na+/K(+)-adenosine 5'-triphosphatase (ATPase) were significantly reduced when cells were deprived of glutamine from the apical side, and there was increased bacterial translocation across the monolayer. Transepithelial epithelial resistance (TEER) across the monolayer was also reduced in the glutamine-free cultures. Glutamine replenishment over 24 to 48 hours restored the original functions. Basolateral deprivation had a smaller effect on the Caco-2 cells. Typical necrotic mucosal injury caused by E. coli in the ileal loops was blocked by co-infiltration of the loops with glutamine. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates for the first time that the supply of glutamine from the apical side is of critical importance for maintaining optimal structure and function of the enterocytes. The effects are not acute or energy related. These observations have important clinical implications in the management of patients under critical care, including premature infants and patients receiving TPN, for whom lack of glutamine from the luminal side could produce mucosal dysfunction, resulting ultimately in severe atrophic/necrotic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Panigrahi
- Division of Neonatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201-1595, USA
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Morris JG, Sztein MB, Rice EW, Nataro JP, Losonsky GA, Panigrahi P, Tacket CO, Johnson JA. Vibrio cholerae O1 can assume a chlorine-resistant rugose survival form that is virulent for humans. J Infect Dis 1996; 174:1364-8. [PMID: 8940236 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/174.6.1364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae can shift to a "rugose" colonial morphology associated with expression of an amorphous exopolysaccharide that promotes cell aggregation. Flow cytometric studies indicated that up to 3% of particles in rugose cultures represented aggregates of >5 bacterial cells. Rugose variants of our test strains displayed resistance to killing by chlorine, with viable cells persisting for >30 min in 2 mg/L free chlorine; strains also showed resistance to killing by complement-mediated serum bactericidal activity. Six volunteers fed 10(6) cfu of a rugose variant of V. cholerae O1 El Tor Inaba N16961 developed symptoms typical of cholera, with a mean diarrheal stool volume of 2.2 L (range, 1.4-4.3). Isolates recovered from the stool of infected volunteers retained the rugose phenotype. The data suggest that rugose strains cause human disease. The role of these strains in the epidemiology of cholera remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Morris
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal disorder of preterm infants. Other than an association with prematurity and gastrointestinal feeding, no single factor or mechanism has been consistently linked to this disease. We have previously demonstrated that Escherichia coli isolates obtained from the stool of infants with NEC caused NEC-like injury in a weanling rabbit ileal loop model; this injury, in turn, could be blocked by coinfection with selected Gram(+) bacteria (Enterococcus faecium) isolated from asymptomatic controls. Using Caco-2 cells in a trans-well system, we now demonstrate that the same E. coli isolates can cross epithelial cell monolayers in the absence of ultrastructural change or damage. These results with E. coli contrast with those seen with Salmonella typhimurium, which passed through the monolayer at a higher rate and were associated with striking ultrastructural damage. Transcytosis of E. coli was reduced 3-5-fold in the presence of E. faecium previously shown to block NEC-like injury in the loop model. There was a mild increase in the rate of E. coli transcytosis when studies were conducted with younger, undifferentiated cells; these immature cells had no brush border, had decreased production of brush border-specific enzymes, but retained well defined tight junctions, as demonstrated by transepithelial electrical resistance and electron microscopy. A further reduction/ complete blockage of E. coli transcytosis was observed when E. faecium was used as the coinfectant in studies with these undifferentiated cells. We hypothesize that the ability of E. coli to cross epithelial cell layer is a critical initial step in the cascade of events which lead ultimately to NEC; blockage or reduction in E. coli transcytosis in the presence of certain Gram(+) organisms may play a significant role in prevention of NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Panigrahi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA
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Morris JG, Losonsky GE, Johnson JA, Tacket CO, Nataro JP, Panigrahi P, Levin MM. Clinical and immunologic characteristics of Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal infection in North American volunteers. J Infect Dis 1995; 171:903-8. [PMID: 7706818 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/171.4.903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal has recently emerged as a cause of epidemic cholera in Asia. To evaluate clinical and immunologic responses to infection, V. cholerae O139 Bengal AI1837 was administered to healthy adult North American volunteers. Two of 4 persons ingesting 10(4) cfu became ill (incubation period, 48 h; mean diarrheal stool, 1873 g), as did 7 of 9 persons receiving 10(6) cfu (incubation period, 28 h; mean diarrheal stool, 4548 g). Ill volunteers did not demonstrate a vibriocidal antibody response to the challenge strain or other V. cholerae. Three months later, volunteers were rechallenged with the homologous O139 Bengal strain. Only 1 of 6 persons who had been ill on initial challenge had diarrhea, compared with 11 of 13 controls (P = .01; protective efficacy = 80%). V. cholerae O139 Bengal can cause severe diarrhea typical of cholera, with clinical characteristics and a dose-response similar to those seen with V. cholerae O1 El Tor. A moderately high level of protection against subsequent disease is provided by initial clinical infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Morris
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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Comstock LE, Maneval D, Panigrahi P, Joseph A, Levine MM, Kaper JB, Morris JG, Johnson JA. The capsule and O antigen in Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal are associated with a genetic region not present in Vibrio cholerae O1. Infect Immun 1995; 63:317-23. [PMID: 7528734 PMCID: PMC172994 DOI: 10.1128/iai.63.1.317-323.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal, although closely related to V. cholerae O1 El Tor, produces a polysaccharide capsule and has a distinct O antigen. We have identified a chromosomal region of at least 11 kb, as defined by three TnphoA mutations, that is required for the expression of both polysaccharides. Electron microscopy and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis show that these TnphoA mutants have lost the abilities both to express capsule and to produce lipopolysaccharide beyond the core oligosaccharide. Reactivity with O139 typing serum and resistance to serum are also lost in the mutants. DNA probes for this region do not hybridize with O1 V. cholerae but do react with other vibrios, implying that the region was recently acquired.
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Affiliation(s)
- L E Comstock
- Center for Vaccine Development, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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Russell RG, Kiehlbauch JA, Sarmiento JI, Panigrahi P, Blake DC, Haberbager R. Ribosomal RNA patterns identify additional strains of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli among isolates serotyped by heat-stable and heat-labile antigens. Lab Anim Sci 1994; 44:579-83. [PMID: 7534848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Heat-stable (HS, O-antigen) and heat-labile (HL) serotyping are the most common methods used to type Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli for epidemiologic purposes. In this study, we conducted RRNA analysis to differentiate strains of C. jejuni and C. coli that had been serotyped by use of the passive hemagglutination (heat-stable) and slide agglutination (heat-labile) methods. Ribotyping of isolates within HS and HL serotypes revealed further discrimination of strains. Four ribotypes were identified by Pvu II and Pst I digests of eight HS serotype-34 isolates. Ribotyping also differentiated strains within HL serotypes. Ribotyping also was conducted on 10 representative isolates of C. jejuni and C. coli isolated from an infant macaque. The eight ribotypes confirmed previous results of serotyping and other phenotypic analyses, which indicated that the infant was repeatedly reinfected with different strains of C. jejuni and C. coli. Results of the study indicated that ribotyping is a sensitive molecular marker for distinguishing strains of C. jejuni and C. coli. Furthermore, some isolates with similar ribotype patterns had variability in their HS and HL serotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Russell
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland at Baltimore 21201
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Gupta S, Morris JG, Panigrahi P, Nataro JP, Glass RI, Gewolb IH. Endemic necrotizing enterocolitis: lack of association with a specific infectious agent. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1994; 13:728-34. [PMID: 7970974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a comprehensive analysis of bacterial, parasitic and viral agents present in stool samples of 23 necrotizing enterocolitis cases and 23 matched and 10 random controls. Enterococcus spp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Escherichia coli were the most common aerobic bacterial species isolated. Astrovirus was identified in a stool sample from one control. Eight infants were bacteremic; in 7 of 8 the same organism was also present in the stool. No one bacterial species or strain (as identified by plasmid profile analysis) was associated with occurrence of illness. Plasmid analysis further suggested that each infant was colonized with his or her own distinctive aerobic bacterial flora. With the exception of isolates from two control patients which hybridized with a probe for diffuse adherence, no diarrheagenic E. coli was identified. Five (45%) of 11 case infants were colonized with coagulase-negative staphylococci (all S. epidermidis) that produced delta-hemolysin in vitro, as compared with 13 (87%) of 15 control infants. Necrotizing enterocolitis was not associated with an increased ability to ferment carbohydrate, as measured by in vitro beta-galactosidase activity. Our data do not support the hypothesis that endemic necrotizing enterocolitis in our institution is caused by a single infectious agent, nor was there evidence that previously proposed virulence mechanisms such as production of delta-hemolysin or increased in vitro carbohydrate fermentation play a critical role in disease occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gupta
- Division of Neonatology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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Johnson JA, Salles CA, Panigrahi P, Albert MJ, Wright AC, Johnson RJ, Morris JG. Vibrio cholerae O139 synonym bengal is closely related to Vibrio cholerae El Tor but has important differences. Infect Immun 1994; 62:2108-10. [PMID: 8168977 PMCID: PMC186475 DOI: 10.1128/iai.62.5.2108-2110.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Although Vibrio cholerae O139 synonym Bengal strains, from the current epidemics in India and Bangladesh, are closely related to seventh-pandemic strains, as shown by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, Bengal strains are encapsulated and portions of the O1 antigen biosynthetic complex genes found in O1 strains are altered or lacking. Encapsulated Bengal strains showed resistance to killing by normal human serum. The presence of the capsule suggests the potential for bloodstream invasion in susceptible hosts and has profound implications for vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Johnson
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, VAMC Baltimore, MD 21201
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Panigrahi P, Gupta S, Gewolb IH, Morris JG. Occurrence of necrotizing enterocolitis may be dependent on patterns of bacterial adherence and intestinal colonization: studies in Caco-2 tissue culture and weanling rabbit models. Pediatr Res 1994; 36:115-21. [PMID: 7936830 PMCID: PMC7086551 DOI: 10.1203/00006450-199407001-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the leading causes of death in neonatal intensive care units. The underlying pathophysiology of NEC is poorly defined, although there is a suggestion that bacterial agents play an important role in the process. In this study, we evaluated bacterial isolates from 17 NEC cases and matched asymptomatic control infants. Isolates from NEC patients were no more likely than control isolates to be adherent to enterocytes, as assessed by a Caco-2 cell tissue culture model. Adherent Escherichia coli isolates, from both NEC cases and controls, were able to cause pathologic changes typical of NEC in a weanling rabbit ileal loop model. Adherence of E. coli strains to Caco-2 cells, and subsequent production of disease in weanling rabbits, could be blocked by coinfection with Gram-positive isolates from control children. In contrast, in three of four instances, adherent E. coli from NEC cases retained their adherence and caused illness in rabbits when coinfected with Gram-positive isolates from the homologous child. Our data suggest that patterns of intestinal adherence, as influenced by the underlying intestinal microbial ecology, play a role in the pathophysiology of NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Panigrahi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201
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Abstract
Campylobacter jejuni 81-176 grown in vivo in rabbit ileal loops expresses novel proteins that are not expressed under standard laboratory culture conditions. A new protein with a molecular mass of ca. 180 kDa is expressed at 14, 24, and 48 h of infection. Three other proteins, with molecular masses of ca. 66, 43, and 35 kDa, are overexpressed during different phases of infection. Expression of these proteins stops immediately during the first passage in laboratory media, and they do not elicit a human immune response. Two other proteins, with molecular masses of ca. 84 and 47 kDa, expressed 48 h after infection can be identified by using convalescent sera from human volunteers who were immune to C. jejuni infection upon rechallenge; these proteins were not visualized on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis gels by Coomassie blue staining or silver staining. Antibodies to the 84- and 47-kDa proteins are of the immunoglobulin G class. Both preinfection and convalescent human sera react strongly to the C. jejuni flagellin (a 58-kDa protein), suggesting the presence of cross-reactive antibodies to this protein in healthy humans. Major outer membrane protein and flagella may play a role in providing protection against C. jejuni disease, but our data suggest that there are other proteins expressed only during in vivo growth of the organism that elicit a strong immune response in human C. jejuni infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Panigrahi
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201
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Johnson JA, Panigrahi P, Morris JG. Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae NRT36S produces a polysaccharide capsule that determines colony morphology, serum resistance, and virulence in mice. Infect Immun 1992; 60:864-9. [PMID: 1311706 PMCID: PMC257566 DOI: 10.1128/iai.60.3.864-869.1992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae produced two distinct colony types, designated as opaque and translucent. NRT36S, a clinical isolate shown to be virulent in volunteers, produced predominantly opaque colonies, but translucent colonies appeared on subculture. Opaque variants were recovered exclusively following exposure to normal human serum or animal passage. A nonreverting translucent mutant of NRT36S, JVB52, was isolated following mutagenesis with the transposon Tn5 IS50L::phoA (TnphoA). Only translucent colonies were produced by a nonpathogenic environmental isolate, A5. Electron microscopic examination of the opaque form of NRT36S revealed thick, electron-dense, fibrous capsules surrounding polycationic ferritin-stained cells. The ferritin-stained material around translucent NRT36S or A5 was patchy or absent. JVB52 had a thin but contiguous capsular layer. The amount of ferritin-stained capsular material correlated with the amount of surface polysaccharide determined by phenol-sulfuric acid assay: opaque NRT36S had approximately three times as much polysaccharide as translucent NRT36S or A5 and four times as much as JVB52. The encapsulated, opaque variant of NRT36S was protected from serum bactericidal activity, while translucent non-O1 V. cholerae was readily killed. The encapsulated form also had increased virulence in mice. Our data provide the first indication that non-O1 V. cholerae strains can have a polysaccharide capsule. This capsule may be important in protecting the organism from host defenses and may contribute to the ability of some non-O1 V. cholerae strains to cause septicemia in susceptible hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Johnson
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201
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Panigrahi P, Tall BD, Russell RG, Detolla LJ, Morris JG. Development of an in vitro model for study of non-O1 Vibrio cholerae virulence using Caco-2 cells. Infect Immun 1990; 58:3415-24. [PMID: 2205582 PMCID: PMC313669 DOI: 10.1128/iai.58.10.3415-3424.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-O1 Vibrio cholerae strains have been reported as a causative agent of diarrhea throughout the world. We recently reported that non-O1 V. cholerae strains cause diarrhea in human volunteers. In this study we evaluated the virulence of three strains of non-O1 V. cholerae in a Caco-2 cell adherence assay by light and electron microscopy. A-5 is an environmental isolate which failed to colonized volunteers and did not cause diarrhea. It exhibited low numbers of organisms adherent to Caco-2 cells, leaving the microvilli intact. Strain 2076-79, isolated from a patient with diarrhea, colonized human volunteers without producing disease. It adhered to Caco-2 cells in moderate numbers without producing any damage to the microvilli. Strain NRT36S, a clinical isolate, colonized human volunteers and produced significant diarrhea disease. This strain adhered in very large numbers to Caco-2 cells and caused damage to the brush borders. Membrane-bound bacteria were also seen within the cytoplasm of these cells. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the generalized adherence of NRT36S to the microvilli of Caco-2 cells. The three strains did not appear to compete with each other for binding sites on Caco-2 cells and were not adherent when assays were conducted at 4 degrees C. Our results with strains A-5, 2076-79, and NRT36S correlate well with observations in human volunteer studies, suggesting that Caco-2 cells provide an appropriate in vitro system for further investigation of the pathogenesis of non-O1 V. cholerae gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Panigrahi
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201
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Russell RG, Sarmiento JI, Fox J, Panigrahi P. Evidence of reinfection with multiple strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Macaca nemestrina housed under hyperendemic conditions. Infect Immun 1990; 58:2149-55. [PMID: 2365455 PMCID: PMC258790 DOI: 10.1128/iai.58.7.2149-2155.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A prospective bacteriologic study of 18 infant pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) housed in a nursery facility in which Campylobacter spp. are endemic was undertaken to determine the epidemiology of infection and reinfection. The isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli cultured from 8 of the 18 infants were characterized by serotyping, DNA hybridization, and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profiles. The chronology of infection was indicative of multiple reinfections with different strains of C. jejuni and C. coli during the 12-month study of each infant. The duration of infection with a particular strain was 3 to 4 weeks. Infants were also infected with nalidixic acid-resistant campylobacters. These observations indicated that long-term infections under endemic conditions are caused by continual reinfection. C. jejuni or C. coli infection correlated with diarrhea in 5 of the 18 infants at 1 to 4 months of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Russell
- Division of Animal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle 98195
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Panigrahi P, Mohanty SB. Defective transport of hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein of bovine parainfluenza-3 virus in interferon treated cell. Arch Virol 1989; 109:125-33. [PMID: 2482015 DOI: 10.1007/bf01310524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A defective transport of bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (PI-3V) hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein was evidenced in interferon (IFN)-treated bovine turbinate (BTu) cells. Indirect immunofluorescence performed with monoclonal antibody to PI-3 HN glycoprotein demonstrated accumulation of this protein in the perinuclear cytoplasm of IFN-treated cells. Untreated, infected control cells had a generalized widespread fluorescence. Unfixed control cells showed a uniform surface fluorescence in contrast to a few specs of fluorescence on the plasma membrane of IFN-treated cells. Electron microscopic localization of HN protein was done by immuno-gold ultrastructural cytochemistry. Untreated cells had uniform gold label on the plasma membrane and around the budding virus particles with no label in the cytoplasm. In IFN-treated cells, however, there was an accumulation of gold particles in the cytoplasm with only a few particles on the cell surface. Quantitative analysis of HN protein on the cell surface by solid phase radioimmune-assay revealed a greater amount of this protein on the surface of control cells, than those on the IFN-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Panigrahi
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park
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Panigrahi P, Mohanty SB, Maheshwari RK, Friedman RM. Effect of cloned human interferon-alpha 2a on bovine parainfluenza-3 virus. Brief report. Arch Virol 1988; 98:107-15. [PMID: 2829793 DOI: 10.1007/bf01321011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment of bovine turbinate (BTu) cells with cloned human interferon (IFN)-alpha 2a reduced the yield of infectious bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (PI-3 V). Intracellular synthesis of HN glycoprotein was reduced on postinfection day 1 (PID 1), but it recovered to normal levels subsequently. However, reduction of this protein persisted in the released virus through PID 2. Thin section electron microscopy demonstrated a drastically reduced release of mature virions and an accumulation of viral nucleocapsids inside the cytoplasm on PID 2. These results suggest that cloned human IFN-alpha 2a affects the glycoprotein synthesis, and morphogenesis of bovine PI-3 V, and thus inhibits the release of viral particles from treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Panigrahi
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park
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Babu KS, Das A, Panigrahi P. Derivative expansion and the induced Chern-Simons term at finite temperature in 2+1 dimensions. Phys Rev D Part Fields 1987; 36:3725-3730. [PMID: 9958159 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.36.3725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Abstract
Six structural proteins of bovine parainfluenza-3 virus (PI-3V) labeled with [35S]-methionine could be resolved by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Five structural proteins of this virus had been previously reported. The 6 proteins found in this study were: L, a 180,000 (180 kD) molecular weight (MW) large protein; P, 83 kD phosphoprotein; HN, 69 kD hemagglutinin-neuraminidase glycoprotein; NP, 66 kD nucleocapsid protein; F, 55 kD fusion glycoprotein; and M, 38 kD matrix protein. Selective labeling with [2-3H]-mannose revealed only HN and F glycoprotein bands. A cellular actin protein (43 kD), associated with many enveloped viruses, was also found as a seventh protein in bovine PI-3V.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Panigrahi
- Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland Campus, College Park 20742
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