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Kausel L, Zamorano F, Billeke P, Sutherland ME, Alliende MI, Larrain‐Valenzuela J, Soto‐Icaza P, Aboitiz F. Theta and alpha oscillations may underlie improved attention and working memory in musically trained children. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3517. [PMID: 38702896 PMCID: PMC11069029 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attention and working memory are key cognitive functions that allow us to select and maintain information in our mind for a short time, being essential for our daily life and, in particular, for learning and academic performance. It has been shown that musical training can improve working memory performance, but it is still unclear if and how the neural mechanisms of working memory and particularly attention are implicated in this process. In this work, we aimed to identify the oscillatory signature of bimodal attention and working memory that contributes to improved working memory in musically trained children. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited children with and without musical training and asked them to complete a bimodal (auditory/visual) attention and working memory task, whereas their brain activity was measured using electroencephalography. Behavioral, time-frequency, and source reconstruction analyses were made. RESULTS Results showed that, overall, musically trained children performed better on the task than children without musical training. When comparing musically trained children with children without musical training, we found modulations in the alpha band pre-stimuli onset and the beginning of stimuli onset in the frontal and parietal regions. These correlated with correct responses to the attended modality. Moreover, during the end phase of stimuli presentation, we found modulations correlating with correct responses independent of attention condition in the theta and alpha bands, in the left frontal and right parietal regions. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that musically trained children have improved neuronal mechanisms for both attention allocation and memory encoding. Our results can be important for developing interventions for people with attention and working memory difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Kausel
- Centro de Estudios en Neurociencia Humana y Neuropsicología, Facultad de PsicologíaUniversidad Diego PortalesSantiagoChile
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (CICS), Facultad de GobiernoUniversidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de NeurocienciasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - F. Zamorano
- Unidad de Imágenes Cuantitativas Avanzadas, Departamento de ImágenesClínica Alemanade SantiagoSantiagoChile
- Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la SaludUniversidad San SebastiánSantiagoChile
- Laboratorio de Psiquiatría TraslacionalDepartamento de PsiquiatríaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - P. Billeke
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (CICS), Facultad de GobiernoUniversidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
| | - M. E. Sutherland
- Centro Interdisciplinario de NeurocienciasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - M. I. Alliende
- Centro Interdisciplinario de NeurocienciasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
| | - J. Larrain‐Valenzuela
- Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (CICS), Facultad de GobiernoUniversidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
| | - P. Soto‐Icaza
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (CICS), Facultad de GobiernoUniversidad del DesarrolloSantiagoChile
| | - F. Aboitiz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de NeurocienciasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
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Figueroa-Vargas A, Góngora B, Alonso MF, Ortega A, Soto-Fernández P, Z-Rivera L, Ramírez S, González F, Muñoz Venturelli P, Billeke P. The effect of a cognitive training therapy based on stimulation of brain oscillations in patients with mild cognitive impairment in a Chilean sample: study protocol for a phase IIb, 2 × 3 mixed factorial, double-blind randomised controlled trial. Trials 2024; 25:144. [PMID: 38395980 PMCID: PMC10885461 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-024-07972-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ageing population has increased the prevalence of disabling and high-cost diseases, such as dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The latter can be considered a prodromal phase of some dementias and a critical stage for interventions to postpone the impairment of functionality. Working memory (WM) is a pivotal cognitive function, representing the fundamental element of executive functions. This project proposes an intervention protocol to enhance WM in these users, combining cognitive training with transcranial electrical stimulation of alternating current (tACS). This technique has been suggested to enhance the neuronal plasticity needed for cognitive processes involving oscillatory patterns. WM stands to benefit significantly from this approach, given its well-defined electrophysiological oscillations. Therefore, tACS could potentially boost WM in patients with neurodegenerative diseases. METHODS This study is a phase IIb randomised, double-blind clinical trial with a 3-month follow-up period. The study participants will be 62 participants diagnosed with MCI, aged over 60, from Valparaíso, Chile. Participants will receive an intervention combining twelve cognitive training sessions with tACS. Participants will receive either tACS or placebo stimulation in eight out of twelve training sessions. Sessions will occur twice weekly over 6 weeks. The primary outcomes will be electroencephalographic measurements through the prefrontal theta oscillatory activity, while the secondary effects will be cognitive assessments of WM. The participants will be evaluated before, immediately after, and 3 months after the end of the intervention. DISCUSSION The outcomes of this trial will add empirical evidence about the benefits and feasibility of an intervention that combines cognitive training with non-invasive brain stimulation. The objective is to contribute tools for optimal cognitive treatment in patients with MCI. To enhance WM capacity, postpone the impairment of functionality, and obtain a better quality of life. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05291208. Registered on 28 February 2022. ISRCTN87597719 retrospectively registered on 15 September 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Figueroa-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación del Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio LaNCE, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Begoña Góngora
- Centro de Investigación del Desarrollo en Cognición y Lenguaje (CIDCL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile.
| | - María Francisca Alonso
- Centro de Investigación del Desarrollo en Cognición y Lenguaje (CIDCL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Alonso Ortega
- Centro de Investigación del Desarrollo en Cognición y Lenguaje (CIDCL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Patricio Soto-Fernández
- Centro de Investigación del Desarrollo en Cognición y Lenguaje (CIDCL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Lucía Z-Rivera
- Centro de Investigación del Desarrollo en Cognición y Lenguaje (CIDCL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Sebastián Ramírez
- Centro de Investigación del Desarrollo en Cognición y Lenguaje (CIDCL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Francisca González
- Centro de Estudios Clínicos, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula Muñoz Venturelli
- Centro de Estudios Clínicos, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana-Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación del Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
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Soto-Icaza P, Soto-Fernández P, Kausel L, Márquez-Rodríguez V, Carvajal-Paredes P, Martínez-Molina MP, Figueroa-Vargas A, Billeke P. Oscillatory activity underlying cognitive performance in children and adolescents with autism: a systematic review. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1320761. [PMID: 38384334 PMCID: PMC10879575 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1320761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that exhibits a widely heterogeneous range of social and cognitive symptoms. This feature has challenged a broad comprehension of this neurodevelopmental disorder and therapeutic efforts to address its difficulties. Current therapeutic strategies have focused primarily on treating behavioral symptoms rather than on brain psychophysiology. During the past years, the emergence of non-invasive brain stimulation techniques (NIBS) has opened alternatives to the design of potential combined treatments focused on the neurophysiopathology of neuropsychiatric disorders like ASD. Such interventions require identifying the key brain mechanisms underlying the symptomatology and cognitive features. Evidence has shown alterations in oscillatory features of the neural ensembles associated with cognitive functions in ASD. In this line, we elaborated a systematic revision of the evidence of alterations in brain oscillations that underlie key cognitive processes that have been shown to be affected in ASD during childhood and adolescence, namely, social cognition, attention, working memory, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility. This knowledge could contribute to developing therapies based on NIBS to improve these processes in populations with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Soto-Icaza
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Leonie Kausel
- Centro de Estudios en Neurociencia Humana y Neuropsicología (CENHN), Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Márquez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricio Carvajal-Paredes
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Martínez-Molina
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Figueroa-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratory for Cognitive and Evolutionary Neuroscience (LaNCE), Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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Lara-Vasquez A, Espinosa N, Morales C, Moran C, Billeke P, Gallagher J, Strohl JJ, Huerta PT, Fuentealba P. Dominance hierarchy regulates social behavior during spatial movement. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1237748. [PMID: 38384483 PMCID: PMC10879816 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1237748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Rodents establish dominance hierarchy as a social ranking system in which one subject acts as dominant over all the other subordinate individuals. Dominance hierarchy regulates food access and mating opportunities, but little is known about its significance in other social behaviors, for instance during collective navigation for foraging or migration. Here, we implemented a simplified goal-directed spatial task in mice, in which animals navigated individually or collectively with their littermates foraging for food. We compared between conditions and found that the social condition exerts significant influence on individual displacement patterns, even when efficient navigation rules leading to reward had been previously learned. Thus, movement patterns and consequent task performance were strongly dependent on contingent social interactions arising during collective displacement, yet their influence on individual behavior was determined by dominance hierarchy. Dominant animals did not behave as leaders during collective displacement; conversely, they were most sensitive to the social environment adjusting their performance accordingly. Social ranking in turn was associated with specific spontaneous neural activity patterns in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, with dominant mice showing higher firing rates, larger ripple oscillations, and stronger neuronal entrainment by ripples than subordinate animals. Moreover, dominant animals selectively increased their cortical spiking activity during collective movement, while subordinate mice did not modify their firing rates, consistent with dominant animals being more sensitive to the social context. These results suggest that dominance hierarchy influences behavioral performance during contingent social interactions, likely supported by the coordinated activity in the hippocampal-prefrontal circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariel Lara-Vasquez
- Centro Integrativo de Neurociencias y Departamento de Psiquiatría, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nelson Espinosa
- Centro Integrativo de Neurociencias y Departamento de Psiquiatría, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Morales
- Centro Integrativo de Neurociencias y Departamento de Psiquiatría, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Moran
- Centro Integrativo de Neurociencias y Departamento de Psiquiatría, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Joseph Gallagher
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Joshua J. Strohl
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Patricio T. Huerta
- Laboratory of Immune & Neural Networks, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, United States
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, United States
| | - Pablo Fuentealba
- Centro Integrativo de Neurociencias y Departamento de Psiquiatría, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Nanotecnología y Materiales Avanzados – CIEN-UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Valdebenito-Oyarzo G, Martínez-Molina MP, Soto-Icaza P, Zamorano F, Figueroa-Vargas A, Larraín-Valenzuela J, Stecher X, Salinas C, Bastin J, Valero-Cabré A, Polania R, Billeke P. The parietal cortex has a causal role in ambiguity computations in humans. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002452. [PMID: 38198502 PMCID: PMC10824459 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Humans often face the challenge of making decisions between ambiguous options. The level of ambiguity in decision-making has been linked to activity in the parietal cortex, but its exact computational role remains elusive. To test the hypothesis that the parietal cortex plays a causal role in computing ambiguous probabilities, we conducted consecutive fMRI and TMS-EEG studies. We found that participants assigned unknown probabilities to objective probabilities, elevating the uncertainty of their decisions. Parietal cortex activity correlated with the objective degree of ambiguity and with a process that underestimates the uncertainty during decision-making. Conversely, the midcingulate cortex (MCC) encodes prediction errors and increases its connectivity with the parietal cortex during outcome processing. Disruption of the parietal activity increased the uncertainty evaluation of the options, decreasing cingulate cortex oscillations during outcome evaluation and lateral frontal oscillations related to value ambiguous probability. These results provide evidence for a causal role of the parietal cortex in computing uncertainty during ambiguous decisions made by humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Valdebenito-Oyarzo
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - María Paz Martínez-Molina
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Soto-Icaza
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Zamorano
- Unidad de Neuroimágenes Cuantitativas avanzadas (UNICA), Departamento de Imágenes, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Campus Los Leones, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Figueroa-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josefina Larraín-Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Stecher
- Unidad de Neuroimágenes Cuantitativas avanzadas (UNICA), Departamento de Imágenes, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - César Salinas
- Unidad de Neuroimágenes Cuantitativas avanzadas (UNICA), Departamento de Imágenes, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julien Bastin
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Antoni Valero-Cabré
- Causal Dynamics, Plasticity and Rehabilitation Group, FRONTLAB team, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Epinière (ICM), CNRS UMR 7225, INSERM U 1127 and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
- Cognitive Neuroscience and Information Technology Research Program, Open University of Catalonia (UOC), Barcelona, Spain
- Laboratory for Cerebral Dynamics Plasticity and Rehabilitation, Boston University, School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rafael Polania
- Decision Neuroscience Lab, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pablo Billeke
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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Breinbauer HA, Arévalo-Romero C, Villarroel K, Lavin C, Faúndez F, Garrido R, Alarcón K, Stecher X, Zamorano F, Billeke P, Delano PH. Functional Dizziness as a Spatial Cognitive Dysfunction. Brain Sci 2023; 14:16. [PMID: 38248231 PMCID: PMC10813051 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a common chronic dizziness disorder with an unclear pathophysiology. It is hypothesized that PPPD may involve disrupted spatial cognition processes as a core feature. (2) Methods: A cohort of 19 PPPD patients underwent psycho-cognitive testing, including assessments for anxiety, depression, memory, attention, planning, and executive functions, with an emphasis on spatial navigation via a virtual Morris water maze. These patients were compared with 12 healthy controls and 20 individuals with other vestibular disorders but without PPPD. Vestibular function was evaluated using video head impulse testing and vestibular evoked myogenic potentials, while brain magnetic resonance imaging was used to exclude confounding pathology. (3) Results: PPPD patients demonstrated unique impairments in allocentric spatial navigation (as evidenced by the virtual Morris water maze) and in other high-demand visuospatial cognitive tasks that involve executive functions and planning, such as the Towers of London and Trail Making B tests. A factor analysis highlighted spatial navigation and advanced visuospatial functions as being central to PPPD, with a strong correlation to symptom severity. (4) Conclusions: PPPD may broadly impair higher cognitive functions, especially in spatial cognition. We discuss a disruption in the creation of enriched cognitive spatial maps as a possible pathophysiology for PPPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayo A. Breinbauer
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuro-Otology and Balance-Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (C.A.-R.); (K.V.); (F.F.); (R.G.); (K.A.); (P.H.D.)
- Department of Otolaryngology, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610615, Chile
| | - Camilo Arévalo-Romero
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuro-Otology and Balance-Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (C.A.-R.); (K.V.); (F.F.); (R.G.); (K.A.); (P.H.D.)
| | - Karen Villarroel
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuro-Otology and Balance-Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (C.A.-R.); (K.V.); (F.F.); (R.G.); (K.A.); (P.H.D.)
| | - Claudio Lavin
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610615, Chile (P.B.)
| | - Felipe Faúndez
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuro-Otology and Balance-Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (C.A.-R.); (K.V.); (F.F.); (R.G.); (K.A.); (P.H.D.)
| | - Rosario Garrido
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuro-Otology and Balance-Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (C.A.-R.); (K.V.); (F.F.); (R.G.); (K.A.); (P.H.D.)
| | - Kevin Alarcón
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuro-Otology and Balance-Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (C.A.-R.); (K.V.); (F.F.); (R.G.); (K.A.); (P.H.D.)
| | - Ximena Stecher
- Department of Radiology, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610615, Chile; (X.S.); (F.Z.)
| | - Francisco Zamorano
- Department of Radiology, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610615, Chile; (X.S.); (F.Z.)
- Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 8420524, Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610615, Chile (P.B.)
| | - Paul H. Delano
- Laboratory for Clinical Neuro-Otology and Balance-Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8331150, Chile; (C.A.-R.); (K.V.); (F.F.); (R.G.); (K.A.); (P.H.D.)
- Centro Avanzado de Ingeniería Eléctrica y Electrónica, AC3E, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso 2390123, Chile
- Servicio de Otorrinolaringología, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380456, Chile
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Lavín C, Soto-Icaza P, López V, Billeke P. Another in need enhances prosociality and modulates frontal theta oscillations in young adults. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1160209. [PMID: 37520238 PMCID: PMC10372441 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1160209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Decision-making is a process that can be strongly affected by social factors. Evidence has shown how people deviate from traditional rational-choice predictions under different levels of social interactions. The emergence of prosocial decision-making, defined as any action that is addressed to benefit another individual even at the expense of personal benefits, has been reported as an example of such social influence. Furthermore, brain evidence has shown the involvement of structures such as the prefrontal cortex, anterior insula, and midcingulate cortex during decision settings in which a decision maker interacts with others under physical pain or distress or while being observed by others. Methods Using a slightly modified version of the dictator game and EEG recordings, we tested the hypothesis that the inclusion of another person into the decision setting increases prosocial decisions in young adults and that this increase is higher when the other person is associated with others in need. At the brain level, we hypothesized that the increase in prosocial decisions correlates with frontal theta activity. Results and Discussion The results showed that including another person in the decision, setting increased prosocial behavior only when this presence was associated with someone in need. This effect was associated with an increase in frontocentral theta-oscillatory activity. These results suggest that the presence of someone in need enhances empathy concerns and norm compliance, raising the participants' prosocial decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Lavín
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Soto-Icaza
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vladimir López
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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Zugman A, Alliende L, Medel V, Bethlehem RA, Seidlitz J, Ringlein G, Arango C, Arnatkevičiūtė A, Asmal L, Bellgrove M, Benegal V, Bernardo M, Billeke P, Bosch-Bayard J, Bressan R, Busatto G, Castro M, Chaim-Avancini T, Compte A, Costanzi M, Czepielewski L, Dazzan P, de la Fuente-Sandoval C, Di Forti M, Díaz-Caneja C, María Díaz-Zuluaga A, Du Plessis S, Duran F, Fittipaldi S, Fornito A, Freimer N, Gadelha A, Gama C, Garani R, Garcia-Rizo C, Gonzalez Campo C, Gonzalez-Valderrama A, Guinjoan S, Holla B, Ibañez A, Ivanovic D, Jackowski A, Leon-Ortiz P, Lochner C, López-Jaramillo C, Luckhoff H, Massuda R, McGuire P, Miyata J, Mizrahi R, Murray R, Ozerdem A, Pan P, Parellada M, Phahladira L, Ramirez-Mahaluf J, Reckziegel R, Reis Marques T, Reyes-Madrigal F, Roos A, Rosa P, Salum G, Scheffler F, Schumann G, Serpa M, Stein D, Tepper A, Tiego J, Ueno T, Undurraga J, Undurraga E, Valdes-Sosa P, Valli I, Villarreal M, Winton-Brown T, Yalin N, Zamorano F, Zanetti M, Winkler A, Pine D, Evans-Lacko S, Crossley N. Country-level gender inequality is associated with structural differences in the brains of women and men. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2218782120. [PMID: 37155867 PMCID: PMC10193926 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2218782120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Gender inequality across the world has been associated with a higher risk to mental health problems and lower academic achievement in women compared to men. We also know that the brain is shaped by nurturing and adverse socio-environmental experiences. Therefore, unequal exposure to harsher conditions for women compared to men in gender-unequal countries might be reflected in differences in their brain structure, and this could be the neural mechanism partly explaining women's worse outcomes in gender-unequal countries. We examined this through a random-effects meta-analysis on cortical thickness and surface area differences between adult healthy men and women, including a meta-regression in which country-level gender inequality acted as an explanatory variable for the observed differences. A total of 139 samples from 29 different countries, totaling 7,876 MRI scans, were included. Thickness of the right hemisphere, and particularly the right caudal anterior cingulate, right medial orbitofrontal, and left lateral occipital cortex, presented no differences or even thicker regional cortices in women compared to men in gender-equal countries, reversing to thinner cortices in countries with greater gender inequality. These results point to the potentially hazardous effect of gender inequality on women's brains and provide initial evidence for neuroscience-informed policies for gender equality.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Zugman
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience (SDAN), Emotion and Development Branch (E & D), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, BethesdaMD20894
| | - Luz María Alliende
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago8330077, Chile
- Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL60208
| | - Vicente Medel
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago7941169, Chile
| | - Richard A.I. Bethlehem
- Autism Research Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 8AH, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 3EB, United Kingdom
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA19104
- Penn-Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Lifespan Brain Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA19104
| | - Grace Ringlein
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience (SDAN), Emotion and Development Branch (E & D), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, BethesdaMD20894
| | - Celso Arango
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid28009, Spain
| | - Aurina Arnatkevičiūtė
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC3168, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC3168, Australia
| | - Laila Asmal
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town7602, South Africa
| | - Mark Bellgrove
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC3168, Australia
| | - Vivek Benegal
- Centre for Addiction Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bengaluru, Karnataka560029, India
| | - Miquel Bernardo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Departament de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques, August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona08036, Spain
| | - Pablo Billeke
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago7610658, Chile
| | - Jorge Bosch-Bayard
- McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Ludmer Centre for Neuroinformatics and Mental Health, Montreal Neurological Institute, Montreal, QCH3A 2B4, Canada
- McGill University, Montreal, QCH3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Bressan
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo04039-032, Brazil
| | - Geraldo F. Busatto
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo05403-903, Brazil
| | - Mariana N. Castro
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta (INAAC), Fleni-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Neurosciences Institute (INEU), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresC1428, Argentina
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Medicine, University of Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresC1114AAD, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresC1033AAJ, Argentina
| | - Tiffany Chaim-Avancini
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloSP05403-903, Brazil
| | - Albert Compte
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona08036, Spain
| | - Monise Costanzi
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto AlegreRS90035-007, Brazil
| | - Leticia Czepielewski
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto AlegreRS90035-007, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Instituto Psicologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto AlegreRS90040-060, Brazil
| | - Paola Dazzan
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, LondonSE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Camilo de la Fuente-Sandoval
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry, Direction of Research, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City14269, Mexico
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, LondonSE5 8AF, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, King’s College London, LondonSE5 8AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Covadonga M. Díaz-Caneja
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid28009, Spain
| | - Ana María Díaz-Zuluaga
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín050011, Colombia
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior Los Angeles, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA90024
| | - Stefan Du Plessis
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town7602, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council (SA MRC), Genomics of Brain Disorders Unit, Cape Town7505, South Africa
| | - Fabio L. S. Duran
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloSP05403-903, Brazil
| | - Sol Fittipaldi
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago7941169, Chile
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andres, Victoria, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresB1644BID, Argentina
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin (TCD), DublinDO2 PN40, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Alex Fornito
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC3168, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC3168, Australia
| | - Nelson B. Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior Los Angeles, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA90024
| | - Ary Gadelha
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo04039-032, Brazil
| | - Clarissa S. Gama
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto AlegreRS90035-007, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS90035903, Brazil
| | - Ranjini Garani
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QuebecH3A 1A12B4Canada
| | - Clemente Garcia-Rizo
- Barcelona Clinic Schizophrenia Unit, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Departament de Medicina, Institut de Neurociències (UBNeuro), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques, August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Barcelona08036, Spain
| | - Cecilia Gonzalez Campo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresC1033AAJ, Argentina
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andres, Victoria, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresB1644BID, Argentina
| | - Alfonso Gonzalez-Valderrama
- Early Intervention Program, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. J. Horwitz Barak, Santiago8431621, Chile
- School of Medicine, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago7501015, Chile
| | - Salvador Guinjoan
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresC1033AAJ, Argentina
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK74136
| | - Bharath Holla
- Department of Integrative Medicine, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka560029, India
- Accelerator Program for Discovery in Brain disorders using Stem cells, Department of Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Bengaluru, Karnataka560029, India
| | - Agustín Ibañez
- Latin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago7941169, Chile
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresC1033AAJ, Argentina
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andres, Victoria, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresB1644BID, Argentina
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin (TCD), DublinDO2 PN40, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA94158
| | - Daniza Ivanovic
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago7610658, Chile
| | - Andrea Jackowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo04038-000, Brazil
- Department of Education, Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Learning, Østfold University College, Halden1757, Norway
| | - Pablo Leon-Ortiz
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry, Direction of Research, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City14269, Mexico
| | - Christine Lochner
- South African Medical Research Council (SA MRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch7505, South Africa
| | - Carlos López-Jaramillo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Medellín050011, Colombia
| | - Hilmar Luckhoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town7602, South Africa
| | - Raffael Massuda
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), CuritibaPR 80060-000, Brazil
| | - Philip McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 7JX, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 9DU, United Kingdom
- NIHR Oxford Health Biomedical Research Centre, OxfordOX3 7JX, United Kingdom
- Oxford HealthNational Health Service (NHS), Foundation Trust, OxfordOX4 4XN, United Kingdom
| | - Jun Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8507, Japan
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, QuebecH3A 1A12B4Canada
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Lab, McGill University, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, QCH4A 1R3, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University,Montreal, QCH3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Robin Murray
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, LondonSE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Aysegul Ozerdem
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MinnesotaMN55905
| | - Pedro M. Pan
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Clinical Neuroscience (LiNC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo04039-032, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo04038-000, Brazil
| | - Mara Parellada
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense, Madrid28009, Spain
| | - Lebogan Phahladira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town7602, South Africa
| | - Juan P. Ramirez-Mahaluf
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago8330077, Chile
| | - Ramiro Reckziegel
- Laboratory of Molecular Psychiatry, Centro de Pesquisa Clínica, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto AlegreRS90035-007, Brazil
| | - Tiago Reis Marques
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, LondonSE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Reyes-Madrigal
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychiatry, Direction of Research, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Mexico City14269, Mexico
| | - Annerine Roos
- South African Medical Research Council (SA MRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town7925, South Africa
| | - Pedro Rosa
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloSP05403-903, Brazil
| | - Giovanni Salum
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS90035903, Brazil
- National Institute of Developmental Psychiatry for Children and Adolescents, São Paulo04038-000, Brazil
| | - Freda Scheffler
- South African Medical Research Council (SA MRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town7925, South Africa
| | - Gunter Schumann
- Centre for Population Neuroscience and Stratified Medicine (PONS), Institute for Science and Technology for Brain-inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai200433, China
- PONS-Centre, Charité Mental Health, Dept of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Campus Mitte, Berlin10117, Germany
| | - Mauricio Serpa
- Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo05403-903, Brazil
| | - Dan J. Stein
- South African Medical Research Council (SA MRC) Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town7925, South Africa
| | - Angeles Tepper
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago8330077, Chile
| | - Jeggan Tiego
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC3168, Australia
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC3168, Australia
| | - Tsukasa Ueno
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto606-8507, Japan
- Integrated Clinical Education Center, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto606-8397, Japan
| | - Juan Undurraga
- Early Intervention Program, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. J. Horwitz Barak, Santiago8431621, Chile
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Clínica Alemana Universidad del DesarrolloVitacura, Santiago7650568, Chile
| | - Eduardo A. Undurraga
- Escuela de Gobierno, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago7820436, Chile
- Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (CIGIDEN), Santiago7820436, Chile
- Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Azrieli Global Scholars Program, CIFAR, Toronto, ONM5G 1M1, Canada
| | - Pedro Valdes-Sosa
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu610054, China
- Centro de Neurociencias de Cuba, La Habana11600, Cuba
| | - Isabel Valli
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona08036, Spain
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, LondonSE5 8AF, United Kingdom
| | - Mirta Villarreal
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias Aplicadas a las Alteraciones de la Conducta (INAAC), Fleni-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Neurosciences Institute (INEU), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresC1428, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos AiresC1033AAJ, Argentina
- Department of Physics, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma deBuenos AiresC1428EGA, Argentina
| | - Toby T. Winton-Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC3004, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC3004, Australia
| | - Nefize Yalin
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, LondonSE5 8AF, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley National Health Service (NHS), Foundation Trust, LondonSE5 8AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Francisco Zamorano
- Unidad de Imágenes Cuantitativas Avanzadas, Departamento de Imágenes, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago7650568, Chile
- Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago7510602, Chile
| | - Marcus V. Zanetti
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroimaging (LIM-21), Departamento e Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina Universidade de São Paulo, São PauloSP05403-903, Brazil
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo01308-050, Brazil
| | | | - Anderson M. Winkler
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, Texas TX78520
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience (SDAN), Emotion and Development Branch (E & D), National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, BethesdaMD20894
| | - Sara Evans-Lacko
- Care Policy and Evaluation Centre, School of Economics and Political Science, LondonWC2A 2AE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas A. Crossley
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago8330077, Chile
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, OxfordOX3 7JX, United Kingdom
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Ivanovic D, Zamorano F, Soto-Icaza P, Rojas T, Larraín C, Silva C, Almagià A, Bustamante C, Arancibia V, Villagrán F, Valenzuela R, Barrera C, Billeke P. Brain structural parameters correlate with University Selection Test outcomes in Chilean high school graduates. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20562. [PMID: 36446926 PMCID: PMC9709063 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24958-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
How well students learn and perform in academic contexts is a focus of interest for the students, their families, and the entire educational system. Although evidence has shown that several neurobiological factors are involved in scholastic achievement (SA), specific brain measures associated with academic outcomes and whether such associations are independent of other factors remain unclear. This study attempts to identify the relationship between brain structural parameters, and the Chilean national University Selection Test (PSU) results in high school graduates within a multidimensional approach that considers socio-economic, intellectual, nutritional, and demographic variables. To this end, the brain morphology of a sample of 102 students who took the PSU test was estimated using Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Anthropometric parameters, intellectual ability (IA), and socioeconomic status (SES) were also measured. The results revealed that, independently of sex, IA, gray matter volume, right inferior frontal gyrus thickness, and SES were significantly associated with SA. These findings highlight the role of nutrition, health, and socioeconomic variables in academic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniza Ivanovic
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Laboratory of Nutrition and Neurological Sciences, Human Nutrition Area, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology Dr. Fernando Monckeberg Barros (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile ,grid.412187.90000 0000 9631 4901Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Zamorano
- grid.412187.90000 0000 9631 4901Unidad de Imágenes Cuantitativas Avanzadas, Departamento de Imágenes, Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Soto-Icaza
- grid.412187.90000 0000 9631 4901Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tatiana Rojas
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Laboratory of Nutrition and Neurological Sciences, Human Nutrition Area, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology Dr. Fernando Monckeberg Barros (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Larraín
- grid.412187.90000 0000 9631 4901Radiology Department, Facultad de Medicina-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Silva
- grid.412187.90000 0000 9631 4901Radiology Department, Facultad de Medicina-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Atilio Almagià
- grid.8170.e0000 0001 1537 5962Laboratory of Physical Anthropology and Human Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudia Bustamante
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Laboratory of Nutrition and Neurological Sciences, Human Nutrition Area, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology Dr. Fernando Monckeberg Barros (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Violeta Arancibia
- grid.431778.e0000 0004 0482 9086Department of Global Partnership for Education (GPE) World Bank, Washington, USA
| | - Francisca Villagrán
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Laboratory of Nutrition and Neurological Sciences, Human Nutrition Area, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology Dr. Fernando Monckeberg Barros (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Valenzuela
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cynthia Barrera
- grid.443909.30000 0004 0385 4466Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- grid.412187.90000 0000 9631 4901Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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10
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Soto-Icaza P, Beffara-Bret B, Vargas L, Aboitiz F, Billeke P. Differences in cortical processing of facial emotions in broader autism phenotype. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262004. [PMID: 35041646 PMCID: PMC8765621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a heterogeneous condition that affects face perception. Evidence shows that there are differences in face perception associated with the processing of low spatial frequency (LSF) and high spatial frequency (HSF) of visual stimuli between non-symptomatic relatives of individuals with autism (broader autism phenotype, BAP) and typically developing individuals. However, the neural mechanisms involved in these differences are not fully understood. Here we tested whether face-sensitive event related potentials could serve as neuronal markers of differential spatial frequency processing, and whether these potentials could differentiate non-symptomatic parents of children with autism (pASD) from parents of typically developing children (pTD). To this end, we performed electroencephalographic recordings of both groups of parents while they had to recognize emotions of face pictures composed of the same or different emotions (happiness or anger) presented in different spatial frequencies. We found no significant differences in the accuracy between groups but lower amplitude modulation in the Late Positive Potential activity in pASD. Source analysis showed a difference in the right posterior part of the superior temporal region that correlated with ASD symptomatology of the child. These results reveal differences in brain processing of recognition of facial emotion in BAP that could be a precursor of ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Soto-Icaza
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Santamaría-García H, Cotrina JM, Torres NF, Buitrago C, Aponte-Canencio DM, Caicedo JC, Billeke P, Gantiva C, Baez S. Explicit and implicit markers of fairness preeminence in criminal judges. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17599. [PMID: 34475479 PMCID: PMC8413340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving justice could be considered a complex social decision-making scenario. Despite the relevance of social decisions for legal contexts, these processes have still not been explored for individuals who work as criminal judges dispensing justice. To bridge the gap, we used a complex social decision-making task (Ultimatum game) and tracked a heart rate variability measurement: the square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD) at their baseline (as an implicit measurement that tracks emotion regulation behavior) for criminal judges (n = 24) and a control group (n = 27). Our results revealed that, compared to controls, judges were slower and rejected a bigger proportion of unfair offers. Moreover, the rate of rejections and the reaction times were predicted by higher RMSSD scores for the judges. This study provides evidence about the impact of legal background and expertise in complex social decision-making. Our results contribute to understanding how expertise can shape criminal judges' social behaviors and pave the way for promising new research into the cognitive and physiological factors associated with social decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernando Santamaría-García
- Área Salud, Conocimiento Médico y Sociedad, Centro de Investigaciones sobre dinámica Social. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Calle 12 #1-17 Este, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Martínez Cotrina
- Área Salud, Conocimiento Médico y Sociedad, Centro de Investigaciones sobre dinámica Social. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Calle 12 #1-17 Este, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nicolas Florez Torres
- Área Salud, Conocimiento Médico y Sociedad, Centro de Investigaciones sobre dinámica Social. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Calle 12 #1-17 Este, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Buitrago
- Área Salud, Conocimiento Médico y Sociedad, Centro de Investigaciones sobre dinámica Social. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Calle 12 #1-17 Este, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego Mauricio Aponte-Canencio
- Área Salud, Conocimiento Médico y Sociedad, Centro de Investigaciones sobre dinámica Social. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Calle 12 #1-17 Este, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Carlos Caicedo
- Área Salud, Conocimiento Médico y Sociedad, Centro de Investigaciones sobre dinámica Social. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Calle 12 #1-17 Este, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pablo Billeke
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, 7590943, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Gantiva
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 #18a 12, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sandra Baez
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 #18a 12, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia.
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12
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Aspé-Sánchez M, Mengotti P, Rumiati R, Rodríguez-Sickert C, Ewer J, Billeke P. Late Frontal Negativity Discriminates Outcomes and Intentions in Trust-Repayment Behavior. Front Psychol 2020; 11:532295. [PMID: 33324272 PMCID: PMC7723836 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.532295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Altruism (a costly action that benefits others) and reciprocity (the repayment of acts in kind) differ in that the former expresses preferences about the outcome of a social interaction, whereas the latter requires, in addition, ascribing intentions to others. Interestingly, an individual's behavior and neurophysiological activity under outcome- versus intention-based interactions has not been compared directly using different endowments in the same subject and during the same session. Here, we used a mixed version of the Dictator and the Investment games, together with electroencephalography, to uncover a subject's behavior and brain activity when challenged with endowments of different sizes in contexts that call for an altruistic (outcome-based) versus a reciprocal (intention-based) response. We found that subjects displayed positive or negative reciprocity (reciprocal responses greater or smaller than that for altruism, respectively) depending on the amount of trust they received. Furthermore, a subject's late frontal negativity differed between conditions, predicting responses to trust in intentions-based trials. Finally, brain regions related with mentalizing and cognitive control were the cortical sources of this activity. Thus, our work disentangles the behavioral components present in the repayment of trust, and sheds light on the neural activity underlying the integration of outcomes and perceived intentions in human economic interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Aspé-Sánchez
- División de Neurociencia (NeuroCICS), Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Neuroscience Area, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paola Mengotti
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Raffaella Rumiati
- Neuroscience Area, Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, Trieste, Italy
| | - Carlos Rodríguez-Sickert
- Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - John Ewer
- Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- División de Neurociencia (NeuroCICS), Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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13
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Kausel L, Zamorano F, Billeke P, Sutherland ME, Larrain-Valenzuela J, Stecher X, Schlaug G, Aboitiz F. Neural Dynamics of Improved Bimodal Attention and Working Memory in Musically Trained Children. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:554731. [PMID: 33132820 PMCID: PMC7578432 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.554731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention and working memory (WM) are core components of executive functions, and they can be enhanced by training. One activity that has shown to improve executive functions is musical training, but the brain networks underlying these improvements are not well known. We aimed to identify, using functional MRI (fMRI), these networks in children who regularly learn and play a musical instrument. Girls and boys aged 10–13 with and without musical training completed an attention and WM task while their brain activity was measured with fMRI. Participants were presented with a pair of bimodal stimuli (auditory and visual) and were asked to pay attention only to the auditory, only to the visual, or to both at the same time. The stimuli were afterward tested with a memory task in order to confirm attention allocation. Both groups had higher accuracy on items that they were instructed to attend, but musicians had an overall better performance on both memory tasks across attention conditions. In line with this, musicians showed higher activation than controls in cognitive control regions such as the fronto-parietal control network during all encoding phases. In addition, facilitated encoding of auditory stimuli in musicians was positively correlated with years of training and higher activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus and the left supramarginal gyrus, structures that support the phonological loop. Taken together, our results elucidate the neural dynamics that underlie improved bimodal attention and WM of musically trained children and contribute new knowledge to this model of brain plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Kausel
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (CICS), Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Zamorano
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (CICS), Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Unidad de Imágenes Cuantitativas Avanzadas, Cl nica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Imágenes, Cl nica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (CICS), Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mary E Sutherland
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josefina Larrain-Valenzuela
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (CICS), Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Stecher
- Unidad de Imágenes Cuantitativas Avanzadas, Cl nica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Imágenes, Cl nica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Neuroradiology, Radiology Department, Clinica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gottfried Schlaug
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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14
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Zamorano F, Kausel L, Albornoz C, Lavin C, Figueroa-Vargas A, Stecher X, Aragón-Caqueo D, Carrasco X, Aboitiz F, Billeke P. Lateral Prefrontal Theta Oscillations Reflect Proactive Cognitive Control Impairment in Males With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Syst Neurosci 2020; 14:37. [PMID: 32625068 PMCID: PMC7314966 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2020.00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neuropsychiatric disorder in which children present prefrontal cortex (PFC) related functions deficit. Proactive cognitive control is a process that anticipates the requirement of cognitive control and crucially depends on the maturity of the PFC. Since this process is important to ADHD symptomatology, we here test the hypothesis that children with ADHD have proactive cognitive control impairments and that these impairments are reflected in the PFC oscillatory activity. We recorded EEG signals from 29 male children with ADHD and 25 typically developing (TD) male children while they performed a Go-Nogo task, where the likelihood of a Nogo stimulus increased while a sequence of consecutive Go stimuli elapsed. TD children showed proactive cognitive control by increasing their reaction time (RT) concerning the number of preceding Go stimuli, whereas children with ADHD did not. This adaptation was related to modulations in both P3a potential and lateral prefrontal theta oscillation for TD children. Children with ADHD as a group did not demonstrate either P3a or theta modulation. But, individual variation in theta activity was correlated with the ADHD symptomatology. The results depict a neurobiological mechanism of proactive cognitive control impairments in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zamorano
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Unidad de Imágenes Cuantitativas Avanzadas, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Imágenes, Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonie Kausel
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Albornoz
- Facultad de Economía y Negocios, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Lavin
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra Figueroa-Vargas
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Stecher
- Unidad de Imágenes Cuantitativas Avanzadas, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Imágenes, Clínica Alemana, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Ximena Carrasco
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
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15
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Billeke P, Ossandon T, Perrone-Bertolotti M, Kahane P, Bastin J, Jerbi K, Lachaux JP, Fuentealba P. Human Anterior Insula Encodes Performance Feedback and Relays Prediction Error to the Medial Prefrontal Cortex. Cereb Cortex 2020; 30:4011-4025. [PMID: 32108230 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive behavior requires the comparison of outcome predictions with actual outcomes (e.g., performance feedback). This process of performance monitoring is computed by a distributed brain network comprising the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the anterior insular cortex (AIC). Despite being consistently co-activated during different tasks, the precise neuronal computations of each region and their interactions remain elusive. In order to assess the neural mechanism by which the AIC processes performance feedback, we recorded AIC electrophysiological activity in humans. We found that the AIC beta oscillations amplitude is modulated by the probability of performance feedback valence (positive or negative) given the context (task and condition difficulty). Furthermore, the valence of feedback was encoded by delta waves phase-modulating the power of beta oscillations. Finally, connectivity and causal analysis showed that beta oscillations relay feedback information signals to the mPFC. These results reveal that structured oscillatory activity in the anterior insula encodes performance feedback information, thus coordinating brain circuits related to reward-based learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Billeke
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago CL 7610658, Chile
| | - Tomas Ossandon
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina y Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago CL 8330024, Chile.,Institute of Biological and Medical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago CL 8330024, Chile
| | - Marcela Perrone-Bertolotti
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPNC UMR 5105, Grenoble 38000, France.,Institut Universitaire de France
| | - Philippe Kahane
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Julien Bastin
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm U1216, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Karim Jerbi
- Cognitive & Computational Neuroscience Lab, Psychology Department, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H3T 1L5, Canada.,UNIQUE Research Center, QC, Canada.,MILA (Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute)
| | - Jean-Philippe Lachaux
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Brain Dynamics and Cognition Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Lyon, Bron 69004, France
| | - Pablo Fuentealba
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina y Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago CL 8330024, Chile
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16
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Soto-Icaza P, Vargas L, Aboitiz F, Billeke P. Beta oscillations precede joint attention and correlate with mentalization in typical development and autism. Cortex 2019; 113:210-228. [PMID: 30677619 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2018.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A precursor of adult social functioning is joint attention (JA), which is the capacity to share attention on an object with another person. JA precedes the development of the capacity to attribute mental states to others (i.e., mentalization or theory of mind). The neural mechanisms involved in the development of mentalization are not fully understood. Electroencephalographic recordings were made of children while they watched stimuli on a screen and their interaction with the experimenter was assessed. We tested whether neuronal activity preceding JA correlates with mentalization in typically developing (TD) children and whether this activity is impaired in children with autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) who evidence deficits in JA and mentalization skills. Both groups exhibited JA behavior with comparable frequency. TD children displayed a higher amplitude of negative central (Nc) event-related potential preceding JA behavior (∼500 msec after stimuli presentation), than did the ASD group. Previous to JA behavior, TD children demonstrated beta oscillatory activity in the temporoparietal region, while ASD children did not show an increase in beta activity. In both groups, the beta power correlated with mentalization, suggesting that this specific neuronal mechanism is involved in mentalization, which used during social interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Soto-Icaza
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | | | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.
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17
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Valenzuela R, Barrera C, Orellana Y, Almagià A, Arancibia V, Larraín C, Silva C, Billeke P, Zamorano F, Martínez V, Valenzuela A, Ivanovic D. Docosahexaenoic acid levels in erythrocytes and their association with the University Selection Test Outcomes in Chile. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2018; 139:25-30. [PMID: 30471770 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to quantitate the relative impact of DHA and AA levels in erythrocytes, anthropometric parameters and socio-economic status of school-age children, of both genders, graduated from high school in Chile, on the scholastic achievement in the University Selection Test (Prueba de Selección Universitaria, PSU) both language scholastic achievement (LSA) and mathematics scholastic achievement (MSA). A representative sample of 671 school-age young graduated from high school in 2013, 550 and 548 of them took the PSU for LSA and MSA, respectively. Only school-age young with high (n = 91) and low (n = 69) SA in both tests were considered. A total of 122 school-age children agreed to participate in the study and were divided as follows: Group 1: high PSU outcome (n = 70; males n = 48) and Group 2: low PSU outcome (n = 52; males n = 23). Data were analyzed by means of SAS software. Independently of gender, DHA, socio-economic status and head circumference-for-age Z-score were the most relevant parameters explaining both LSA (R2 = 0.650; p < 0.0001) and MSA outcomes (R2 = 0.700; p < 0.0001). These results can be useful for nutrition, health and education planning, in order to protect children starting from an early age and thus increase their school outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Valenzuela
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cynthia Barrera
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Yasna Orellana
- Laboraroty of Nutrition and Neurological Sciences, Human Nutrition Area, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology Dr. Fernando Monckeberg Barros (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Atilio Almagià
- Laboratory of Physical Anthropology and Human Anatomy, Institute of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Violeta Arancibia
- Center for Research in Education and Learning, Universidad de Los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristián Larraín
- Radiology Department, Facultad de Medicina-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Claudio Silva
- Radiology Department, Facultad de Medicina-Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- División de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Zamorano
- División de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Unidad de Imágenes Cuantitativas Avanzadas, Departamento de Imágenes, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Víctor Martínez
- Department of Commercial Engineering, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfonso Valenzuela
- Laboraroty of Nutrition and Neurological Sciences, Human Nutrition Area, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology Dr. Fernando Monckeberg Barros (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniza Ivanovic
- Laboraroty of Nutrition and Neurological Sciences, Human Nutrition Area, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology Dr. Fernando Monckeberg Barros (INTA), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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18
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Ibáñez A, Billeke P, de la Fuente L, Salamone P, García AM, Melloni M. Reply: Towards a neurocomputational account of social dysfunction in neurodegenerative disease. Brain 2018; 140:e15. [PMID: 27993891 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Santiago, Chile.,Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia.,Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council (ACR), Sydney, Australia
| | - Pablo Billeke
- División de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Laura de la Fuente
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Salamone
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adolfo M García
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Faculty of Elementary and Special Education (FEEyE), National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Margherita Melloni
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Castillo R, Alvarado J, Moreno P, Billeke P, Martínez C, Varas J, Jarufe N. Validation of a Visual-Spatial Secondary Task to Assess Automaticity in Laparoscopic Skills. J Surg Educ 2018; 75:1001-1005. [PMID: 29287751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsurg.2017.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our objective was to assess reliability and validity of a visual-spatial secondary task (VSST) as a method to measure automaticity on a basic simulated laparoscopic skill model. In motor skill acquisition, expertise is defined by automaticity. The highest level of performance with less cognitive and attentional resources characterizes this stage, allowing experts to perform multiple tasks. Conventional validated parameters as operative time, objective assessment skills scales (OSATS), and movement economy, are insufficient to distinguish if an individual has reached the more advanced learning phases, such as automaticity. There is literature about using a VSST as an attention indicator that correlates with the automaticity level. METHODS Novices with completed and approved Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Surgery course, and laparoscopy experts were enrolled for an experimental study and measured under dual tasks conditions. Each participant performed the test giving priority to the primary task while at the same time they responded to a VSST. The primary task consisted of 4 interrupted laparoscopic stitches (ILS) on a bench-model. The VSST was a screen that showed different patterns that the surgeon had to recognize and press a pedal while doing the stitches (PsychoPsy software, Python, MacOS). Novices were overtrained on ILS until they reach at least 100 repetitions and then were retested. Participants were video recorded and then assessed by 2 blinded evaluators who measured operative time and OSATS. These scores were considered indicators of quality for the primary task. The VSST performance was measured by the detectability index (DI), which is a ratio between correct and wrong detections. A reliable evaluation was defined as two measures of DI with less than 10% of difference, maintaining the cutoff scores for performance on the primary task (operative time <110 seg and OSATS >17 points). RESULTS Novices (n = 11) achieved reliable measure of the test after 2 (2-5) repetitions on the preassessment and 3.75 (2-5) on the postassessment (p = 0.04); whereas laparoscopy experts (n = 4) did it after 3.5 (3-4) repetitions. Proficiency cutoff scores for the primary task were achieved on every measure for novices (prepost overtraining) and experts. Expert performance on VSST was DI 0.78 (0.69-0.87). Novice performance was significantly better on postassessment (DI-pre 0.48 [0.06-0.71] vs DI-post 0.78 [0.48-0.95], p = 0.003). Overtraining consisted in 140 (100-210) repetitions of ILS for all novices, made in 8 hours (3-15). By categorizing DI based on expert performance, novices with DI-post >0.65 achieved better OSATS score and less operative time than novices with DI-post<0.65 (p = 0.007 y, p = 0.089, respectively). CONCLUSION Measuring automaticity is feasible using a VSST. This instrument is reliable and has a face, content and construct validity. A DI over 0.65 may be a cutoff point correlated with high standard performance on the primary task. This instrument measures performance on laparoscopic skills, and along with conventional indicators, would better define advance levels of expertise. More studies are required applying this VSST to achieve external validity by reproducing our results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Castillo
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Juan Alvarado
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Moreno
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- División de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigacion en Complejidad Social, Universidad del Desarrollo, Concepción, Chile
| | - Carlos Martínez
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Julián Varas
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Jarufe
- School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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20
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Melloni M, Billeke P, Baez S, Hesse E, de la Fuente L, Forno G, Birba A, García-Cordero I, Serrano C, Plastino A, Slachevsky A, Huepe D, Sigman M, Manes F, García AM, Sedeño L, Ibáñez A. Your perspective and my benefit: multiple lesion models of self-other integration strategies during social bargaining. Brain 2017; 139:3022-3040. [PMID: 27679483 DOI: 10.1093/brain/aww231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Recursive social decision-making requires the use of flexible, context-sensitive long-term strategies for negotiation. To succeed in social bargaining, participants' own perspectives must be dynamically integrated with those of interactors to maximize self-benefits and adapt to the other's preferences, respectively. This is a prerequisite to develop a successful long-term self-other integration strategy. While such form of strategic interaction is critical to social decision-making, little is known about its neurocognitive correlates. To bridge this gap, we analysed social bargaining behaviour in relation to its structural neural correlates, ongoing brain dynamics (oscillations and related source space), and functional connectivity signatures in healthy subjects and patients offering contrastive lesion models of neurodegeneration and focal stroke: behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and frontal lesions. All groups showed preserved basic bargaining indexes. However, impaired self-other integration strategy was found in patients with behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and frontal lesions, suggesting that social bargaining critically depends on the integrity of prefrontal regions. Also, associations between behavioural performance and data from voxel-based morphometry and voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping revealed a critical role of prefrontal regions in value integration and strategic decisions for self-other integration strategy. Furthermore, as shown by measures of brain dynamics and related sources during the task, the self-other integration strategy was predicted by brain anticipatory activity (alpha/beta oscillations with sources in frontotemporal regions) associated with expectations about others' decisions. This pattern was reduced in all clinical groups, with greater impairments in behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia and frontal lesions than Alzheimer's disease. Finally, connectivity analysis from functional magnetic resonance imaging evidenced a fronto-temporo-parietal network involved in successful self-other integration strategy, with selective compromise of long-distance connections in frontal disorders. In sum, this work provides unprecedented evidence of convergent behavioural and neurocognitive signatures of strategic social bargaining in different lesion models. Our findings offer new insights into the critical roles of prefrontal hubs and associated temporo-parietal networks for strategic social negotiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Melloni
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo Billeke
- División de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (CICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Baez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Eugenia Hesse
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Ingeniería Biomédica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura de la Fuente
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gonzalo Forno
- Gerosciences Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.,Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Diagonal Las Torres 2640, Santiago, Chile
| | - Agustina Birba
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Indira García-Cordero
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Angelo Plastino
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National University of La Plata, Physics Institute, (IFLP-CCT-CONICET) La Plata, 1900, Argentina.,Physics Department, Universitat de les Illes Balears, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Andrea Slachevsky
- Gerosciences Center for Brain Health and Metabolism, Santiago, Chile.,Physiopathology Department, ICBM y East Neuroscience Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Cognitive Neurology and Dementia, Neurology Department, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago, Chile.,Centre for Advanced Research in Education, Santiago, Chile.,Neurology Department, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile
| | - David Huepe
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Diagonal Las Torres 2640, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mariano Sigman
- Integrative Neuroscience Laboratory, IFIBA, CONICET and Physics Department, FCEyN, UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Universidad Torcuato di Tella, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Manes
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adolfo M García
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Faculty of Elementary and Special Education (FEEyE), National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Lucas Sedeño
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917, C1033AAJ, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibañez, Diagonal Las Torres 2640, Santiago, Chile.,Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia.,Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council (ACR), Sydney, Australia
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21
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Larrain-Valenzuela J, Zamorano F, Soto-Icaza P, Carrasco X, Herrera C, Daiber F, Aboitiz F, Billeke P. Theta and Alpha Oscillation Impairments in Autistic Spectrum Disorder Reflect Working Memory Deficit. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14328. [PMID: 29085047 PMCID: PMC5662653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-14744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A dysfunction in the excitatory-inhibitory (E/I) coordination in neuronal assembly has been proposed as a possible neurobiological mechanism of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD). However, the potential impact of this mechanism in cognitive performance is not fully explored. Since the main consequence of E/I dysfunction is an impairment in oscillatory activity and its underlying cognitive computations, we assessed the electroencephalographic activity of ASD and typically developing (TD) subjects during a working-memory task. We found that ASD subjects committed more errors than TD subjects. Moreover, TD subjects demonstrated a parametric modulation in the power of alpha and theta band while ASD subjects did not demonstrate significant modulations. The preceding leads to significant differences between the groups in both the alpha power placed on the occipital cortex and the theta power placed on the left premotor and the right prefrontal cortex. The impaired theta modulation correlated with autistic symptoms. The results indicated that ASD may present an alteration in the recruitment of the oscillatory activity during working-memory, and this alteration could be related to the physiopathology of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefina Larrain-Valenzuela
- División de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Las Condes 12461, Las Condes, Santiago, 7590943, Chile
| | - Francisco Zamorano
- División de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Las Condes 12461, Las Condes, Santiago, 7590943, Chile.,Unidad de Imágenes Cuantitativas Avanzadas, Departamento de Imágenes, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Av. Vitacura 5951, Vitacura, 7650568, Chile
| | - Patricia Soto-Icaza
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Ximena Carrasco
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Claudia Herrera
- Sociedad de Psiquiatría y Neurología de la Infancia y Adolescencia de Chile, Esmeralda 678, Santiago, 8320053, Chile
| | - Francisca Daiber
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 391, Santiago, 8330024, Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- División de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Universidad del Desarrollo, Av. Las Condes 12461, Las Condes, Santiago, 7590943, Chile.
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22
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Billeke P, Ossandon T, Stockle M, Perrone-Bertolotti M, Kahane P, Lachaux JP, Fuentealba P. Brain state-dependent recruitment of high-frequency oscillations in the human hippocampus. Cortex 2017; 94:87-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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23
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Zamorano F, Billeke P, Kausel L, Larrain J, Stecher X, Hurtado JM, López V, Carrasco X, Aboitiz F. Lateral prefrontal activity as a compensatory strategy for deficits of cortical processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7181. [PMID: 28775285 PMCID: PMC5543103 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07681-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most common neuropsychiatric disorder in childhood and is characterized by a delay of cortical maturation in frontal regions. In order to investigate interference control, which is a key function of frontal areas, a functional MRI study was conducted on 17 ADHD boys and 17 typically developing (TD) boys, while solving the multi source interference task (MSIT). This task consists of two conditions, a “congruent condition” and an “incongruent condition”. The latter requires to inhibit information that interferes with task-relevant stimuli. Behavioral results showed that ADHD subjects committed more errors than TD children. In addition, TD children presented a larger MSIT effect -a greater difference in reaction times between the incongruent and the congruent conditions- than ADHD children. Associated to the MSIT effect, neuroimaging results showed a significant enhancement in the activation of the right lateral prefrontal cortex (rlPFC) in ADHD than in TD subjects. Finally, ADHD subjects presented greater functional connectivity between rlPFC and bilateral orbitofrontal cortex than the TD group. This difference in connectivity correlated with worse performance in both groups. Our results could reflect a compensatory strategy of ADHD children resulting from their effort to maintain an adequate performance during MSIT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zamorano
- División de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile. .,Unidad de Imágenes Cuantitativas Avanzadas, Departamento de Imágenes, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Pablo Billeke
- División de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonie Kausel
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Josefina Larrain
- División de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Stecher
- Unidad de Imágenes Cuantitativas Avanzadas, Departamento de Imágenes, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Imágenes, Facultad de Medicina, Clinica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose M Hurtado
- División de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Vladimir López
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Carrasco
- Servicio de Neurología, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Servicio de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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24
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Villena-González M, Moënne-Loccoz C, Lagos RA, Alliende LM, Billeke P, Aboitiz F, López V, Cosmelli D. Attending to the heart is associated with posterior alpha band increase and a reduction in sensitivity to concurrent visual stimuli. Psychophysiology 2017; 54:1483-1497. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Villena-González
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Cristóbal Moënne-Loccoz
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Department of Computer Sciences, School of Engineering; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Rodrigo A. Lagos
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile; Santiago Chile
- School of Public Health; Universidad de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Luz M. Alliende
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo; Santiago Chile
| | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Vladimir López
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
| | - Diego Cosmelli
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
- Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile; Santiago Chile
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25
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Henríquez RA, Chica AB, Billeke P, Bartolomeo P. Fluctuating Minds: Spontaneous Psychophysical Variability during Mind-Wandering. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0147174. [PMID: 26863144 PMCID: PMC4749381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0147174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mind-wandering is the occasional distraction we experience while performing a cognitive task. It arises without any external precedent, varies over time, and interferes with the processing of sensory information. Here, we asked whether the transition from the on-task state to mind-wandering is a gradual process or an abrupt event. We developed a new experimental approach, based on the continuous, online assessment of individual psychophysical performance. Probe questions were asked whenever response times (RTs) exceeded 2 standard deviations from the participant’s average RT. Results showed that mind-wandering reports were generally preceded by slower RTs, as compared to trials preceding on-task reports. Mind-wandering episodes could be reliably predicted from the response time difference between the last and the second-to-last trials. Thus, mind-wandering reports follow an abrupt increase in behavioral variability, lasting between 2.5 and 10 seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A. Henríquez
- Inserm U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Ana B. Chica
- Department of Experimental Psychology, and Brain, Mind, and Behaviour Research Center, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Pablo Billeke
- Research Center for Social Complexity, Faculty of Government, University of Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paolo Bartolomeo
- Inserm U 1127, F-75013, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR S 1127, F-75013, Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR 7225, F-75013, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, F-75013, Paris, France
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University Milan, Milan, Italy
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26
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Billeke P. The More I Get to Know You, the More I Distrust You? Non-linear Relationship between Social Skills and Social Behavior. Front Psychiatry 2016; 7:49. [PMID: 27065892 PMCID: PMC4810277 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2016.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Billeke
- División de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo , Santiago , Chile
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27
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Soto-Icaza P, Aboitiz F, Billeke P. Development of social skills in children: neural and behavioral evidence for the elaboration of cognitive models. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:333. [PMID: 26483621 PMCID: PMC4586412 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Social skills refer to a wide group of abilities that allow us to interact and communicate with others. Children learn how to solve social situations by predicting and understanding other's behaviors. The way in which humans learn to interact successfully with others encompasses a complex interaction between neural, behavioral, and environmental elements. These have a role in the accomplishment of positive developmental outcomes, including peer acceptance, academic achievement, and mental health. All these social abilities depend on widespread brain networks that are recently being studied by neuroscience. In this paper, we will first review the studies on this topic, aiming to clarify the behavioral and neural mechanisms related to the acquisition of social skills during infancy and their appearance in time. Second, we will briefly describe how developmental diseases like Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) can inform about the neurobiological mechanisms of social skills. We finally sketch a general framework for the elaboration of cognitive models in order to facilitate the comprehension of human social development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Soto-Icaza
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- División de Neurociencia, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo Santiago, Chile
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28
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Billeke P, Armijo A, Castillo D, López T, Zamorano F, Cosmelli D, Aboitiz F. Paradoxical Expectation: Oscillatory Brain Activity Reveals Social Interaction Impairment in Schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:421-31. [PMID: 25861703 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with schizophrenia show social impairments that are related to functional outcomes. We tested the hypothesis that social interaction impairments in people with schizophrenia are related to alterations in the predictions of others' behavior and explored their underlying neurobiological mechanisms. METHODS Electroencephalography was performed in 20 patients with schizophrenia and 25 well-matched control subjects. Participants played as proposers in the repeated version of the Ultimatum Game believing that they were playing with another human or with a computer. The power of oscillatory brain activity was obtained by means of the wavelet transform. We performed a trial-by-trial correlation between the oscillatory activity and the risk of the offer. RESULTS Control subjects adapted their offers when playing with computers and tended to maintain their offers when playing with humans, as such revealing learning and bargaining strategies, respectively. People with schizophrenia presented the opposite pattern of behavior in both games. During the anticipation of others' responses, the power of alpha oscillations correlated with the risk of the offers made, in a different way in both games. Patients with schizophrenia presented a greater correlation in computer games than in human games; control subjects showed the opposite pattern. The alpha activity correlated with positive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal an alteration in social interaction in patients with schizophrenia that is related to oscillatory brain activity, suggesting maladjustment of expectation when patients face social and nonsocial agents. This alteration is related to psychotic symptoms and could guide further therapies for improving social functioning in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Billeke
- Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, and Interdisciplinary Center for Neuroscience, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Alejandra Armijo
- Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. Horwitz Barak, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Castillo
- Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. Horwitz Barak, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago, Chile
| | - Tamara López
- Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. Horwitz Barak, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Zamorano
- Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile; Laboratorio de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, and Interdisciplinary Center for Neuroscience, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Cosmelli
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
| | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias Cognitivas, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Facultad de Medicina, and Interdisciplinary Center for Neuroscience, Santiago, Chile
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Billeke P, Zamorano F, Chavez M, Cosmelli D, Aboitiz F. Functional cortical network in alpha band correlates with social bargaining. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109829. [PMID: 25286240 PMCID: PMC4186879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Solving demanding tasks requires fast and flexible coordination among different brain areas. Everyday examples of this are the social dilemmas in which goals tend to clash, requiring one to weigh alternative courses of action in limited time. In spite of this fact, there are few studies that directly address the dynamics of flexible brain network integration during social interaction. To study the preceding, we carried out EEG recordings while subjects played a repeated version of the Ultimatum Game in both human (social) and computer (non-social) conditions. We found phase synchrony (inter-site-phase-clustering) modulation in alpha band that was specific to the human condition and independent of power modulation. The strength and patterns of the inter-site-phase-clustering of the cortical networks were also modulated, and these modulations were mainly in frontal and parietal regions. Moreover, changes in the individuals’ alpha network structure correlated with the risk of the offers made only in social conditions. This correlation was independent of changes in power and inter-site-phase-clustering strength. Our results indicate that, when subjects believe they are participating in a social interaction, a specific modulation of functional cortical networks in alpha band takes place, suggesting that phase synchrony of alpha oscillations could serve as a mechanism by which different brain areas flexibly interact in order to adapt ongoing behavior in socially demanding contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Billeke
- División Neurociencia de la Conducta, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (CICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Francisco Zamorano
- División Neurociencia de la Conducta, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (CICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Chavez
- CNRS UMR-7225, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Diego Cosmelli
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Billeke P, Zamorano F, López T, Rodriguez C, Cosmelli D, Aboitiz F. Someone has to give in: theta oscillations correlate with adaptive behavior in social bargaining. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 9:2041-8. [PMID: 24493841 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsu012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
During social bargain, one has to both figure out the others' intentions and behave strategically in such a way that the others' behaviors will be consistent with one's expectations. To understand the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these behaviors, we used electroencephalography while subjects played as proposers in a repeated ultimatum game. We found that subjects adapted their offers to obtain more acceptances in the last round and that this adaptation correlated negatively with prefrontal theta oscillations. People with higher prefrontal theta activity related to a rejection did not adapt their offers along the game to maximize their earning. Moreover, between-subject variation in posterior theta oscillations correlated positively with how individual theta activity influenced the change of offer after a rejection, reflecting a process of behavioral adaptation to the others' demands. Interestingly, people adapted better their offers when they knew that they where playing against a computer, although the behavioral adaptation did not correlate with prefrontal theta oscillation. Behavioral changes between human and computer games correlated with prefrontal theta activity, suggesting that low adaptation in human games could be a strategy. Taken together, these results provide evidence for specific roles of prefrontal and posterior theta oscillations in social bargaining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Billeke
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. Horwitz Barak, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago 8431621, Chile, and Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. Horwitz Barak, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago 8431621, Chile, and Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. Horwitz Barak, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago 8431621, Chile, and Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Francisco Zamorano
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. Horwitz Barak, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago 8431621, Chile, and Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. Horwitz Barak, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago 8431621, Chile, and Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. Horwitz Barak, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago 8431621, Chile, and Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Tamara López
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. Horwitz Barak, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago 8431621, Chile, and Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Carlos Rodriguez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. Horwitz Barak, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago 8431621, Chile, and Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Diego Cosmelli
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. Horwitz Barak, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago 8431621, Chile, and Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. Horwitz Barak, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago 8431621, Chile, and Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. Horwitz Barak, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago 8431621, Chile, and Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330024, Chile, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago 7610658, Chile, Instituto Psiquiátrico Dr. Horwitz Barak, Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Norte, Santiago 8431621, Chile, and Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile
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Zamorano F, Billeke P, Hurtado JM, López V, Carrasco X, Ossandón T, Aboitiz F. Temporal constraints of behavioral inhibition: relevance of inter-stimulus interval in a Go-Nogo task. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87232. [PMID: 24489875 PMCID: PMC3906165 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity to inhibit prepotent and automatic responses is crucial for proper cognitive and social development, and inhibitory impairments have been considered to be key for some neuropsychiatric conditions. One of the most used paradigms to analyze inhibitory processes is the Go-Nogo task (GNG). This task has been widely used in psychophysical and cognitive EEG studies, and more recently in paradigms using fMRI. However, a technical limitation is that the time resolution of fMRI is poorer than that of the EEG technique. In order to compensate for these temporal constraints, it has become common practice in the fMRI field to use longer inter-stimulus intervals (ISI) than those used in EEG protocols. Despite the noticeable temporal differences between these two techniques, it is currently assumed that both approaches assess similar inhibitory processes. We performed an EEG study using a GNG task with both short ISI (fast-condition, FC, as in EEG protocols) and long ISI (slow-condition, SC, as in fMRI protocols). We found that in the FC there was a stronger Nogo-N2 effect than in the SC. Moreover, in the FC, but not in the SC, the number of preceding Go trials correlated positively with the Nogo-P3 amplitude and with the Go trial reaction time; and negatively with commission errors. In addition, we found significant topographical differences for the Go-P3 elicited in FC and SC, which is interpreted in terms of different neurotransmitter dynamics. Taken together, our results provide evidence that frequency of stimulus presentation in the GNG task strongly modulates the behavioral response and the evoked EEG activity. Therefore, it is likely that short-ISI EEG protocols and long-ISI fMRI protocols do not assess equivalent inhibitory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Zamorano
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | - Pablo Billeke
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - José M. Hurtado
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto de Sistemas Complejos de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Vladimir López
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Psicología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ximena Carrasco
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Clínica Alemana, Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
- Servicio de Neurología y Psiquiatría, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile
| | - Tomás Ossandón
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencias, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Henríquez-Henríquez MP, Billeke P, Henríquez H, Zamorano FJ, Rothhammer F, Aboitiz F. Intra-Individual Response Variability Assessed by Ex-Gaussian Analysis may be a New Endophenotype for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:197. [PMID: 25628575 PMCID: PMC4290481 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intra-individual variability of response times (RTisv) is considered as potential endophenotype for attentional deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Traditional methods for estimating RTisv lose information regarding response times (RTs) distribution along the task, with eventual effects on statistical power. Ex-Gaussian analysis captures the dynamic nature of RTisv, estimating normal and exponential components for RT distribution, with specific phenomenological correlates. Here, we applied ex-Gaussian analysis to explore whether intra-individual variability of RTs agrees with criteria proposed by Gottesman and Gould for endophenotypes. Specifically, we evaluated if normal and/or exponential components of RTs may (a) present the stair-like distribution expected for endophenotypes (ADHD > siblings > typically developing children (TD) without familiar history of ADHD) and (b) represent a phenotypic correlate for previously described genetic risk variants. This is a pilot study including 55 subjects (20 ADHD-discordant sibling-pairs and 15 TD children), all aged between 8 and 13 years. Participants resolved a visual Go/Nogo with 10% Nogo probability. Ex-Gaussian distributions were fitted to individual RT data and compared among the three samples. In order to test whether intra-individual variability may represent a correlate for previously described genetic risk variants, VNTRs at DRD4 and SLC6A3 were identified in all sibling-pairs following standard protocols. Groups were compared adjusting independent general linear models for the exponential and normal components from the ex-Gaussian analysis. Identified trends were confirmed by the non-parametric Jonckheere-Terpstra test. Stair-like distributions were observed for μ (p = 0.036) and σ (p = 0.009). An additional "DRD4-genotype" × "clinical status" interaction was present for τ (p = 0.014) reflecting a possible severity factor. Thus, normal and exponential RTisv components are suitable as ADHD endophenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Patricia Henríquez-Henríquez
- Department of Clinical Laboratories, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile ; Cognitive Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- Cognitive Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile ; Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (CICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo , Santiago , Chile
| | - Hugo Henríquez
- Medical Technology School, Universidad Mayor , Santiago , Chile
| | - Francisco Javier Zamorano
- Cognitive Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile ; Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (CICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo , Santiago , Chile
| | | | - Francisco Aboitiz
- Cognitive Neurosciences Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile , Santiago , Chile
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Abstract
Social cognition consists of several skills which allow us to interact with other humans. These skills include social stimuli processing, drawing inferences about others' mental states, and engaging in social interactions. In recent years, there has been growing evidence of social cognitive impairments in patients with schizophrenia. Apparently, these impairments are separable from general neurocognitive impairments, such as attention, memory, and executive functioning. Moreover, social cognition seems to be a main determinant of functional outcome and could be used as a guide to elaborate new pharmacological and psychological treatments. However, most of these studies focus on individual mechanisms and observational perspectives; only few of them study schizophrenic patients during interactive situations. We first review evidences of social cognitive impairments both in social stimuli processing and in mental state attribution. We focus on the relationship between these functions and both general cognitive impairments and functional outcome. We next review recent game theory approaches to the study of how social engagement occurs in schizophrenic patients. The advantage of using game theory is that game-oriented tasks can assess social decision making in an interactive everyday situation model. Finally, we review proposed theoretical models used to explain social alterations and their underlying biological mechanisms. Based on interactive studies, we propose a framework which takes into account the dynamic nature of social processes. Thus, understanding social skills as a result of dynamical systems could facilitate the development of both basic research and clinical applications oriented to psychiatric populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Billeke
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile ; Departamento de Psiquiatría, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile Santiago, Chile
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Billeke P, Zamorano F, Cosmelli D, Aboitiz F. Oscillatory brain activity correlates with risk perception and predicts social decisions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 23:2872-83. [PMID: 22941720 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhs269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In social interactions, the perception of how risky our decisions are depends on how we anticipate other people's behaviors. We used electroencephalography to study the neurobiology of perception of social risk, in subjects playing the role of proposers in an iterated ultimatum game in pairs. Based on statistical modeling, we used the previous behaviors of both players to separate high-risk [HR] offers from low-risk [LR] offers. The HR offers present higher rejection probability and higher entropy (variability of possible outcome) than the LR offers. Rejections of LR offers elicited both a stronger mediofrontal negativity and a higher prefrontal theta activity than rejections of HR offers. Moreover, prior to feedback, HR offers generated a drop in alpha activity in an extended network. Interestingly, trial-by-trial variation in alpha activity in the medial prefrontal, posterior temporal, and inferior pariental cortex was specifically modulated by risk and, together with theta activity in the prefrontal and posterior cingulate cortex, predicted the proposer's subsequent behavior. Our results provide evidence that alpha and theta oscillations are sensitive to social risk and underlie a fine-tuning regulation of social decisions.
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Contreras M, Billeke P, Vicencio S, Madrid C, Perdomo G, González M, Torrealba F. A role for the insular cortex in long-term memory for context-evoked drug craving in rats. Neuropsychopharmacology 2012; 37:2101-8. [PMID: 22534623 PMCID: PMC3398723 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2012.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Drug craving critically depends on the function of the interoceptive insular cortex, and may be triggered by contextual cues. However, the role of the insula in the long-term memory linking context with drug craving remains unknown. Such a memory trace probably resides in some neocortical region, much like other declarative memories. Studies in humans and rats suggest that the insula may include such a region. Rats chronically implanted with bilateral injection cannulae into the high-order rostral agranular insular cortex (RAIC) or the primary interoceptive posterior insula (pIC) were conditioned to prefer the initially aversive compartment of a 2-compartment place preference apparatus by repeatedly pairing it to amphetamine. We found a reversible but long-lasting loss (ca. 24 days) of amphetamine-conditioned place preference (CPP) and a decreased expression in the insula of zif268, a crucial protein in memory reconsolidation, when anisomycin (ANI) was microinjected into the RAIC immediately after the reactivation of the conditioned amphetamine/context memory. ANI infusion into the RAIC without reactivation did not change CPP, whereas ANI infusion into pIC plus caused a 15 days loss of CPP. We also found a 24 days loss of CPP when we reversibly inactivated pIC during extinction trials. We interpret these findings as evidence that the insular cortex, including the RAIC, is involved in a context/drug effect association. These results add a drug-related memory function to the insular cortex to the previously found role of the pIC in the perception of craving or malaise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Contreras
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Billeke
- Departamento de Psiquiatría, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Vicencio
- Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Madrid
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Guetón Perdomo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcela González
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fernando Torrealba
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile,Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Alameda 340, Santiago 8331150, Chile, Tel: +56 2 6862853, Fax: +56 2 3541850, E-mail:
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Díaz-Tapia V, Billeke P, Bustos C, López M, Segovia D. [Seasonal variations in the symptoms of cerebrovascular disease. A study of hospital admission rates]. Rev Neurol 2004; 39:1196-7. [PMID: 15625642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V Díaz-Tapia
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
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Díaz Tapia V, Billeke P, Bustos C, López M, Segovia D. Variaciones estacionales en la presentación de la enfermedad cerebrovascular. Estudio de tasas de hospitalización. Rev Neurol 2004. [DOI: 10.33588/rn.3912.2004509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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