1
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Young A, Neumann B, Segel M, Chen CZY, Tourlomousis P, Franklin RJM. Targeted evolution of adeno-associated virus capsids for systemic transgene delivery to microglia and tissue-resident macrophages. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302997120. [PMID: 37603759 PMCID: PMC10469016 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302997120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue macrophages, including microglia, are notoriously resistant to genetic manipulation. Here, we report the creation of Adeno-associated viruses (AAV) variants that efficiently and widely transduce microglia and tissue macrophages in vivo following intravenous delivery, with transgene expression of up to 80%. We use this technology to demonstrate manipulation of microglia gene expression and microglial ablation, thereby providing invaluable research tools for the study of these important cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Young
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0AW, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Altos Labs–Cambridge Institute of Sciences, CambridgeCB21 6GP, United Kingdom
| | - Bjoern Neumann
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0AW, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Altos Labs–Cambridge Institute of Sciences, CambridgeCB21 6GP, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Segel
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0AW, United Kingdom
| | - Civia Zi-Yu Chen
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0AW, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Altos Labs–Cambridge Institute of Sciences, CambridgeCB21 6GP, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis Tourlomousis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Robin J. M. Franklin
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome-MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0AW, United Kingdom
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Altos Labs–Cambridge Institute of Sciences, CambridgeCB21 6GP, United Kingdom
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2
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Digby Z, Tourlomousis P, Rooney J, Boyle JP, Bibo-Verdugo B, Pickering RJ, Webster SJ, Monie TP, Hopkins LJ, Kayagaki N, Salvesen GS, Warming S, Weinert L, Bryant CE. Evolutionary loss of inflammasomes in the Carnivora and implications for the carriage of zoonotic infections. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109614. [PMID: 34433041 PMCID: PMC8411117 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic pathogens, such as COVID-19, reside in animal hosts before jumping species to infect humans. The Carnivora, like mink, carry many zoonoses, yet how diversity in host immune genes across species affect pathogen carriage is poorly understood. Here, we describe a progressive evolutionary downregulation of pathogen-sensing inflammasome pathways in Carnivora. This includes the loss of nucleotide-oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs), acquisition of a unique caspase-1/-4 effector fusion protein that processes gasdermin D pore formation without inducing rapid lytic cell death, and the formation of a caspase-8 containing inflammasome that inefficiently processes interleukin-1β. Inflammasomes regulate gut immunity, but the carnivorous diet has antimicrobial properties that could compensate for the loss of these immune pathways. We speculate that the consequences of systemic inflammasome downregulation, however, can impair host sensing of specific pathogens such that they can reside undetected in the Carnivora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofi Digby
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge CB30ES, UK
| | | | - James Rooney
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge CB30ES, UK
| | - Joseph P Boyle
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge CB30ES, UK
| | - Betsaida Bibo-Verdugo
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robert J Pickering
- University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 111, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Steven J Webster
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge CB30ES, UK
| | - Thomas P Monie
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge CB30ES, UK
| | - Lee J Hopkins
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge CB30ES, UK; University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 111, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Nobuhiko Kayagaki
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Guy S Salvesen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Soren Warming
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lucy Weinert
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge CB30ES, UK
| | - Clare E Bryant
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge CB30ES, UK; University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 111, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK.
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3
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Levy DR, Udgata A, Tourlomousis P, Symmons MF, Hopkins LJ, Bryant CE, Gay NJ. The Parkinson's disease-associated kinase LRRK2 regulates genes required for cell adhesion, polarization, and chemotaxis in activated murine macrophages. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:10857-10867. [PMID: 32111741 PMCID: PMC7397110 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) encodes a complex protein that includes kinase and GTPase domains. Genome-wide association studies have identified dominant LRRK2 alleles that predispose their carriers to late-onset idiotypic Parkinson's disease (PD) and also to autoimmune disorders such as Crohn's disease. Considerable evidence indicates that PD initiation and progression involve activation of innate immune functions in microglia, which are brain-resident macrophages. Here we asked whether LRRK2 modifies inflammatory signaling and how this modification might contribute to PD and Crohn's disease. We used RNA-Seq-based high-resolution transcriptomics to compare gene expression in activated primary macrophages derived from WT and Lrrk2 knockout mice. Remarkably, expression of a single gene, Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 (Rapgef3), was strongly up-regulated in the absence of LRRK2 and down-regulated in its presence. We observed similar regulation of Rapgef3 expression in cells treated with a highly specific inhibitor of LRRK2 protein kinase activity. Rapgef3 encodes an exchange protein, activated by cAMP 1 (EPAC-1), a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that activates the small GTPase Rap-1. Rap-1 mediates cell adhesion, polarization, and directional motility, and our results indicate that LRRK2 modulates chemotaxis of microglia and macrophages. Dominant PD-associated LRRK2 alleles may suppress EPAC-1 activity, further restricting motility and preventing efficient migration of microglia to sites of neuronal damage. Functional analysis in vivo in a subclinical infection model also indicated that Lrrk2 subtly modifies the inflammatory response. These results indicate that LRRK2 modulates the expression of genes involved in murine immune cell chemotaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Levy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Atul Udgata
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Panagiotis Tourlomousis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn F Symmons
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
| | - Lee J Hopkins
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J Gay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1GA, United Kingdom
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4
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Pizzuto M, Lonez C, Baroja-Mazo A, Martínez-Banaclocha H, Tourlomousis P, Gangloff M, Pelegrin P, Ruysschaert JM, Gay NJ, Bryant CE. Saturation of acyl chains converts cardiolipin from an antagonist to an activator of Toll-like receptor-4. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:3667-3678. [PMID: 31062071 PMCID: PMC6697720 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03113-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipins (CLs) are tetra-acylated diphosphatidylglycerols found in bacteria, yeast, plants, and animals. In healthy mammals, CLs are unsaturated, whereas saturated CLs are found in blood cells from Barth syndrome patients and in some Gram-positive bacteria. Here, we show that unsaturated but not saturated CLs block LPS-induced NF-κB activation, TNF-α and IP-10 secretion in human and murine macrophages, as well as LPS-induced TNF-α and IL-1β release in human blood mononuclear cells. Using HEK293 cells transfected with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and its co-receptor Myeloid Differentiation 2 (MD2), we demonstrate that unsaturated CLs compete with LPS for binding TLR4/MD2 preventing its activation, whereas saturated CLs are TLR4/MD2 agonists. As a consequence, saturated CLs induce a pro-inflammatory response in macrophages characterized by TNF-α and IP-10 secretion, and activate the alternative NLRP3 inflammasome pathway in human blood-derived monocytes. Thus, we identify that double bonds discriminate between anti- and pro-inflammatory properties of tetra-acylated molecules, providing a rationale for the development of TLR4 activators and inhibitors for use as vaccine adjuvants or in the treatment of TLR4-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malvina Pizzuto
- Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Blvd du Triomphe Access 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK.
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK.
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia IMIB-Arrixaca, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Caroline Lonez
- Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Blvd du Triomphe Access 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Alberto Baroja-Mazo
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia IMIB-Arrixaca, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Helios Martínez-Banaclocha
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia IMIB-Arrixaca, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Panagiotis Tourlomousis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Monique Gangloff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Pablo Pelegrin
- Molecular Inflammation Group, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia IMIB-Arrixaca, Clinical University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca, Carretera Buenavista s/n, 30120, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jean-Marie Ruysschaert
- Structure and Function of Biological Membranes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Blvd du Triomphe Access 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicholas J Gay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, 80 Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1GA, UK
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
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5
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Mills EL, Kelly B, Logan A, Costa ASH, Varma M, Bryant CE, Tourlomousis P, Däbritz JHM, Gottlieb E, Latorre I, Corr SC, McManus G, Ryan D, Jacobs HT, Szibor M, Xavier RJ, Braun T, Frezza C, Murphy MP, O'Neill LA. Succinate Dehydrogenase Supports Metabolic Repurposing of Mitochondria to Drive Inflammatory Macrophages. Cell 2016; 167:457-470.e13. [PMID: 27667687 PMCID: PMC5863951 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1257] [Impact Index Per Article: 157.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activated macrophages undergo metabolic reprogramming, which drives their pro-inflammatory phenotype, but the mechanistic basis for this remains obscure. Here, we demonstrate that upon lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, macrophages shift from producing ATP by oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis while also increasing succinate levels. We show that increased mitochondrial oxidation of succinate via succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and an elevation of mitochondrial membrane potential combine to drive mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. RNA sequencing reveals that this combination induces a pro-inflammatory gene expression profile, while an inhibitor of succinate oxidation, dimethyl malonate (DMM), promotes an anti-inflammatory outcome. Blocking ROS production with rotenone by uncoupling mitochondria or by expressing the alternative oxidase (AOX) inhibits this inflammatory phenotype, with AOX protecting mice from LPS lethality. The metabolic alterations that occur upon activation of macrophages therefore repurpose mitochondria from ATP synthesis to ROS production in order to promote a pro-inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evanna L Mills
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Beth Kelly
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Ana S H Costa
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Mukund Varma
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Clare E Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB23 8AQ, UK
| | - Panagiotis Tourlomousis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB23 8AQ, UK
| | - J Henry M Däbritz
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Eyal Gottlieb
- Cancer Metabolism Research Unit, Cancer Research UK, Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Bearsden, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK
| | - Isabel Latorre
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Sinéad C Corr
- Department of Microbiology, Moyne Institute for Preventative Medicine, School of Genetics and Microbiology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Gavin McManus
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Dylan Ryan
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Howard T Jacobs
- Institute of Biotechnology, 00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; BioMediTech and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland
| | - Marten Szibor
- Institute of Biotechnology, 00014 University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 56, Helsinki 00014, Finland; BioMediTech and Tampere University Hospital, University of Tampere, Tampere 33014, Finland; Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Ramnik J Xavier
- Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Gastrointestinal Unit, Center for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Thomas Braun
- Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Ludwigstrasse 43, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Christian Frezza
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK.
| | - Luke A O'Neill
- School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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6
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Pereira M, Tourlomousis P, Wright J, P. Monie T, Bryant CE. CARD9 negatively regulates NLRP3-induced IL-1β production on Salmonella infection of macrophages. Nat Commun 2016; 7:12874. [PMID: 27670879 PMCID: PMC5052644 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a proinflammatory cytokine required for host control of bacterial infections, and its production must be tightly regulated to prevent excessive inflammation. Here we show that caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 9 (CARD9), a protein associated with induction of proinflammatory cytokines by fungi, has a negative role on IL-1β production during bacterial infection. Specifically, in response to activation of the nucleotide oligomerization domain receptor pyrin-domain containing protein 3 (NLRP3) by Salmonella infection, CARD9 negatively regulates IL-1β by fine-tuning pro-IL-1β expression, spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK)-mediated NLRP3 activation and repressing inflammasome-associated caspase-8 activity. CARD9 is suppressed during Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection, facilitating increased IL-1β production. CARD9 is, therefore, a central signalling hub that coordinates a pathogen-specific host inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milton Pereira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Panagiotis Tourlomousis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - John Wright
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Tom P. Monie
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge CB1 9NL, UK
| | - Clare E. Bryant
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
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7
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Jabir MS, Hopkins L, Ritchie ND, Ullah I, Bayes HK, Li D, Tourlomousis P, Lupton A, Puleston D, Simon AK, Bryant C, Evans TJ. Mitochondrial damage contributes to Pseudomonas aeruginosa activation of the inflammasome and is downregulated by autophagy. Autophagy 2015; 11:166-82. [PMID: 25700738 PMCID: PMC4502769 DOI: 10.4161/15548627.2014.981915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing family caspase recruitment domain containing 4 (NLRC4) inflammasome can be activated by pathogenic bacteria via products translocated through the microbial type III secretion apparatus (T3SS). Recent work has shown that activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is downregulated by autophagy, but the influence of autophagy on NLRC4 activation is unclear. We set out to determine how autophagy might influence this process, using the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which activates the NLRC4 inflammasome via its T3SS. Infection resulted in T3SS-dependent mitochondrial damage with increased production of reactive oxygen intermediates and release of mitochondrial DNA. Inhibiting mitochondrial reactive oxygen release or degrading intracellular mitochondrial DNA abrogated NLRC4 inflammasome activation. Moreover, macrophages lacking mitochondria failed to activate NLRC4 following infection. Removal of damaged mitochondria by autophagy significantly attenuated NLRC4 inflammasome activation. Mitochondrial DNA bound specifically to NLRC4 immunoprecipitates and transfection of mitochondrial DNA directly activated the NLRC4 inflammasome; oxidation of the DNA enhanced this effect. Manipulation of autophagy altered the degree of inflammasome activation and inflammation in an in vivo model of P. aeruginosa infection. Our results reveal a novel mechanism contributing to NLRC4 activation by P. aeruginosa via mitochondrial damage and release of mitochondrial DNA triggered by the bacterial T3SS that is downregulated by autophagy.
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Key Words
- AIM2, absent in melanoma 2
- ATG, autophagy related
- ATPIF1, ATPase inhibitory factor 1
- BID, BH3 interacting domain death agonist
- BMDM, bone marrow-derived macrophages
- BrdU, 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine
- CASP, caspase
- DNA detection
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- IL1B, interleukin 1, β
- LC3B, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 β
- LDH, lactate dehydrogenase
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MT-CO1, mitochondrially encoded cytochrome c oxidase I
- Mito-TEMPO, (2-(2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethylpiperidin-1-oxyl-4-ylamino)-2-oxoethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride
- NAC, N-acetylcysteine
- NAIP, NLR family apoptosis inhibitor
- NGS, normal goat serum
- NLR proteins
- NLR, nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat containing
- NLRC4, NLR family, CARD domain containing 4
- NLRP3, NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3
- PBS, phosphate-buffered saline
- PINK1, PTEN induced putative kinase 1
- Rn18s, 18S rRNA
- T3SS, type III secretion system
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TUBB5, tubulin, β 5 class I
- Three-MA, 3-methyladenine
- Vav, vav 1 oncogene
- infection
- mitophagy
- mtDNA, mitochondrial DNA
- type III secretion system
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Sakhi Jabir
- a Institute of Immunity, Infection and Inflammation ; University of Glasgow ; UK
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8
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Ferguson BJ, Newland SA, Gibbs SE, Tourlomousis P, Fernandes dos Santos P, Patel MN, Hall SW, Walczak H, Schramm G, Haas H, Dunne DW, Cooke A, Zaccone P. The Schistosoma mansoni T2 ribonuclease omega-1 modulates inflammasome-dependent IL-1β secretion in macrophages. Int J Parasitol 2015; 45:809-13. [PMID: 26385440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The T2 ribonuclease omega-1 is a powerful Th2-inducing factor secreted by the eggs of the blood fluke Schistosoma mansoni. Omega-1 can modulate pattern recognition receptor-induced inflammatory signatures and alter antigen presentation by dendritic cells. Recent findings have suggested that component(s) contained in or secreted by S. mansoni eggs (soluble egg antigen) can also enhance IL-1β secretion by dendritic cells stimulated with pattern recognition receptor ligands. Here we show that omega-1 enhances IL-1β secretion in macrophages stimulated with Toll-like receptor 2 ligand, and propose omega-1 as the factor in soluble egg antigen capable of regulating inflammasome activity. This effect is dependent on the C-type lectin receptor Dectin-1, caspase-8 and the ASC inflammasome adaptor protein, highlighting the ability of omega-1 to regulate multiple pattern recognition receptor signalling pathways. These mechanistic insights into manipulation of host immunity by a parasite product have implications for the design of anti-inflammatory therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Ferguson
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Sarah E Gibbs
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Meghana N Patel
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel W Hall
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP Cambridge, UK
| | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer, and Inflammation (CCCI), UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - David W Dunne
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP Cambridge, UK
| | - Anne Cooke
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP Cambridge, UK
| | - Paola Zaccone
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, CB2 1QP Cambridge, UK.
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9
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Man SM, Tourlomousis P, Hopkins L, Monie TP, Fitzgerald KA, Bryant CE. Salmonella infection induces recruitment of Caspase-8 to the inflammasome to modulate IL-1β production. J Immunol 2013; 191:5239-46. [PMID: 24123685 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs) detect pathogens and danger-associated signals within the cell. Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, an intracellular pathogen, activates caspase-1 required for the processing of the proinflammatory cytokines, pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18, and pyroptosis. In this study, we show that Salmonella infection induces the formation of an apoptosis-associated specklike protein containing a CARD (ASC)-Caspase-8-Caspase-1 inflammasome in macrophages. Caspase-8 and caspase-1 are recruited to the ASC focus independently of one other. Salmonella infection initiates caspase-8 proteolysis in a manner dependent on NLRC4 and ASC, but not NLRP3, caspase-1 or caspase-11. Caspase-8 primarily mediates the synthesis of pro-IL-1β, but is dispensable for Salmonella-induced cell death. Overall, our findings highlight that the ASC inflammasome can recruit different members of the caspase family to induce distinct effector functions in response to Salmonella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Ming Man
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0ES, United Kingdom
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10
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Tourlomousis P, Kemsley EK, Ridgway KP, Toscano MJ, Humphrey TJ, Narbad A. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of complex microbial communities: a two-step approach to address the effect of gel-to-gel variation and allow valid comparisons across a large dataset. Microb Ecol 2010; 59:776-786. [PMID: 19953241 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-009-9613-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) is widely used in microbial ecology to profile complex microbial communities over time and in response to different stimuli. However, inherent gel-to-gel variability has always been a barrier toward meaningful interpretation of DGGE profiles obtained from multiple gels. To address this problem, we developed a two-step methodology to align DGGE profiles across a large dataset. The use of appropriate inter-gel standards was of vital importance since they provided the basis for efficient within- and between-gel alignment and a reliable means to evaluate the final outcome of the process. Pretreatment of DGGE profiles by a commercially available image analysis software package (TL120 v2006, Phoretix 1D Advanced) followed by a simple interpolation step in Matlab minimized the effect of gel-to-gel variation, allowing for comparisons between large numbers of samples with a high degree of confidence. At the same time, data were obtained in the form of whole densitometric curves, rather than as band presence/absence or intensity information, and could be readily analyzed by a collection of well-established multivariate methods. This work clearly demonstrates that there is still room for significant improvements as to the way large DGGE datasets are processed and statistically interrogated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Tourlomousis
- Integrated Biology of GI Tract Programme, Institute of Food Research, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UA, UK
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