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Bonneux B, Shareef A, Tcherniuk S, Anson B, de Bruyn S, Verheyen N, Thys K, Conceição-Neto N, Van Ginderen M, Kwanten L, Ysebaert N, Vranckx L, Peeters E, Lanckacker E, Gallup JM, Sitthicharoenchai P, Alnajjar S, Ackermann MR, Adhikari S, Bhaumik A, Patrick A, Fung A, Sutto-Ortiz P, Decroly E, Mason SW, Lançois D, Deval J, Jin Z, Eléouët JF, Fearns R, Koul A, Roymans D, Rigaux P, Herschke F. JNJ-7184, a Respiratory Syncytial Virus inhibitor targeting the connector domain of the viral polymerase. Antiviral Res 2024:105907. [PMID: 38772503 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) can cause pulmonary complications in infants, elderly and immunocompromised patients. While two vaccines and two prophylactic monoclonal antibodies are now available, treatment options are still needed. JNJ-7184 is a non-nucleoside inhibitor of the RSV-Large (L) polymerase, displaying potent inhibition of both RSV-A and -B strains. Resistance selection and hydrogen-deuterium exchange experiments suggested JNJ-7184 binds RSV-L in the connector domain. JNJ-7184 prevented RSV replication and transcription by inhibiting initiation or early elongation. JNJ-7184 was effective in air-liquid interface cultures and therapeutically in neonatal lambs, acting to drastically reverse the appearance of lung pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brecht Bonneux
- Laboratory for Microbiology, Parasitology and Hygiene, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsbaan 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Afzaal Shareef
- Department of Virology, Immunology & Microbiology, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Sergey Tcherniuk
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM, UMR892), INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Brandon Anson
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House (PA 19477) and Brisbane (CA 94005), USA
| | - Suzanne de Bruyn
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Nick Verheyen
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Kim Thys
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | | | - Leen Kwanten
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Nina Ysebaert
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Luc Vranckx
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Elien Peeters
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ellen Lanckacker
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Suraj Adhikari
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House (PA 19477) and Brisbane (CA 94005), USA
| | - Anusarka Bhaumik
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House (PA 19477) and Brisbane (CA 94005), USA
| | - Aaron Patrick
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House (PA 19477) and Brisbane (CA 94005), USA
| | - Amy Fung
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House (PA 19477) and Brisbane (CA 94005), USA
| | - Priscila Sutto-Ortiz
- AFMB, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7257, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Etienne Decroly
- AFMB, Aix-Marseille University, CNRS UMR 7257, 163 Avenue de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Stephen W Mason
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House (PA 19477) and Brisbane (CA 94005), USA
| | | | - Jerome Deval
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House (PA 19477) and Brisbane (CA 94005), USA
| | - Zhinan Jin
- Janssen Research & Development LLC, Spring House (PA 19477) and Brisbane (CA 94005), USA
| | - Jean-François Eléouët
- Unité de Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires (VIM, UMR892), INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78352 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Rachel Fearns
- Department of Virology, Immunology & Microbiology, National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anil Koul
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Dirk Roymans
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Peter Rigaux
- Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340 Beerse, Belgium
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Williams HR, Tokach MD, Woodworth JC, DeRouchey JM, Goodband RD, Bergstrom JR, Rahe MC, Siepker CL, Sitthicharoenchai P, Ensley SM, Radke SL, Gebhardt JT. Diagnostic survey of analytical methods used to determine bone mineralization in pigs. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae090. [PMID: 38563521 PMCID: PMC11017503 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Pigs from 64 commercial sites across 14 production systems in the Midwest United States were evaluated for baseline biological measurements used to determine bone mineralization. There were three pigs selected from each commercial site representing: 1) a clinically normal pig (healthy), 2) a pig with evidence of clinical lameness (lame), and 3) a pig from a hospital pen that was assumed to have recent low feed intake (unhealthy). Pigs ranged in age from nursery to market weight, with the three pigs sampled from each site representing the same age or phase of production. Blood, urine, metacarpal, fibula, 2nd rib, and 10th rib were collected and analyzed. Each bone was measured for density and ash (defatted and non-defatted technique). A bone × pig type interaction (P < 0.001) was observed for defatted and non-defatted bone ash and density. For defatted bone ash, there were no differences among pig types for the fibulas, 2nd rib, and 10th rib (P > 0.10), but metacarpals from healthy pigs had greater (P < 0.05) percentage bone ash compared to unhealthy pigs, with the lame pigs intermediate. For non-defatted bone ash, there were no differences among pig types for metacarpals and fibulas (P > 0.10), but unhealthy pigs had greater (P < 0.05) non-defatted percentage bone ash for 2nd and 10th ribs compared to healthy pigs, with lame pigs intermediate. Healthy and lame pigs had greater (P < 0.05) bone density than unhealthy pigs for metacarpals and fibulas, with no difference observed for ribs (P > 0.10). Healthy pigs had greater (P < 0.05) serum Ca and 25(OH)D3 compared to unhealthy pigs, with lame pigs intermediate. Healthy pigs had greater (P < 0.05) serum P compared to unhealthy and lame pigs, with no differences between the unhealthy and lame pigs. Unhealthy pigs excreted significantly more (P < 0.05) P and creatinine in the urine compared to healthy pigs with lame pigs intermediate. In summary, there are differences in serum Ca, P, and vitamin D among healthy, lame, and unhealthy pigs. Differences in bone mineralization among pig types varied depending on the analytical procedure and bone, with a considerable range in values within pig type across the 14 production systems sampled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadley R Williams
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Mike D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Jason C Woodworth
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Joel M DeRouchey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Robert D Goodband
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | | | - Michael C Rahe
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Christopher L Siepker
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Panchan Sitthicharoenchai
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Steve M Ensley
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Scott L Radke
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Jordan T Gebhardt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
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Chen X, Mou K, Lu W, Schumacher L, Resende-De-Macedo N, Sitthicharoenchai P, Derscheid R, Burrough E, Li G. Genomic characterization of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus from a 2021 outbreak in Indiana with increased sow mortality. mSphere 2023; 8:e0040423. [PMID: 37861318 PMCID: PMC10732033 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00404-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This study highlights a Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) strain isolated from an outbreak in Indiana, which resulted in mortality events among a swine herd in 2021. The Indiana outbreak strain was found to be genetically and phylogenetically distant to a strain isolated from the 2019 outbreaks in Ohio and Tennessee, which caused high swine mortality. We also discovered multiple unique genetic features in the Indiana outbreak strain, including distinct S. zooepidemicus genomic islands, and notable S. zooepidemicus virulence genes-many of which could serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis of this strain. These findings provide significant insights into monitoring and potentially preventing severe outbreaks caused by the Indiana outbreak strain in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Chen
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Kathy Mou
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Weili Lu
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Loni Schumacher
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Nubia Resende-De-Macedo
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Panchan Sitthicharoenchai
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rachel Derscheid
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Eric Burrough
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | - Ganwu Li
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA
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Silva APSP, Almeida M, Michael A, Rahe MC, Siepker C, Magstadt DR, Piñeyro P, Arruda BL, Macedo NR, Sahin O, Gauger PC, Krueger KM, Mugabi R, Streauslin JS, Trevisan G, Linhares DCL, Silva GS, Fano E, Main RG, Schwartz KJ, Burrough ER, Derscheid RJ, Sitthicharoenchai P, Clavijo MJ. Detection and disease diagnosis trends (2017-2022) for Streptococcus suis, Glaesserella parasuis, Mycoplasma hyorhinis, Actinobacillus suis and Mycoplasma hyosynoviae at Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. BMC Vet Res 2023; 19:268. [PMID: 38087358 PMCID: PMC10714645 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03807-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate measurement of disease associated with endemic bacterial agents in pig populations is challenging due to their commensal ecology, the lack of disease-specific antemortem diagnostic tests, and the polymicrobial nature of swine diagnostic cases. The main objective of this retrospective study was to estimate temporal patterns of agent detection and disease diagnosis for five endemic bacteria that can cause systemic disease in porcine tissue specimens submitted to the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (ISU VDL) from 2017 to 2022. The study also explored the diagnostic value of specific tissue specimens for disease diagnosis, estimated the frequency of polymicrobial diagnosis, and evaluated the association between phase of pig production and disease diagnosis. RESULTS S. suis and G. parasuis bronchopneumonia increased on average 6 and 4.3%, while S. suis endocarditis increased by 23% per year, respectively. M. hyorhinis and A. suis associated serositis increased yearly by 4.2 and 12.8%, respectively. A significant upward trend in M. hyorhinis arthritis cases was also observed. In contrast, M. hyosynoviae arthritis cases decreased by 33% average/year. Investigation into the diagnostic value of tissues showed that lungs were the most frequently submitted sample, However, the use of lung for systemic disease diagnosis requires caution due to the commensal nature of these agents in the respiratory system, compared to systemic sites that diagnosticians typically target. This study also explored associations between phase of production and specific diseases caused by each agent, showcasing the role of S. suis arthritis in suckling pigs, meningitis in early nursery and endocarditis in growing pigs, and the role of G. parasuis, A. suis, M. hyorhinis and M. hyosynoviae disease mainly in post-weaning phases. Finally, this study highlighted the high frequency of co-detection and -disease diagnosis with other infectious etiologies, such as PRRSV and IAV, demonstrating that to minimize the health impact of these endemic bacterial agents it is imperative to establish effective viral control programs. CONCLUSIONS Results from this retrospective study demonstrated significant increases in disease diagnosis for S. suis, G. parasuis, M. hyorhinis, and A. suis, and a significant decrease in detection and disease diagnosis of M. hyosynoviae. High frequencies of interactions between these endemic agents and with viral pathogens was also demonstrated. Consequently, improved control programs are needed to mitigate the adverse effect of these endemic bacterial agents on swine health and wellbeing. This includes improving diagnostic procedures, developing more effective vaccine products, fine-tuning antimicrobial approaches, and managing viral co-infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Paula Serafini Poeta Silva
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Marcelo Almeida
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Alyona Michael
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Michael C Rahe
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Christopher Siepker
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Drew R Magstadt
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Pablo Piñeyro
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Bailey L Arruda
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Ames, IA, USA
| | - Nubia R Macedo
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Philip C Gauger
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Karen M Krueger
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Robert Mugabi
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jessica S Streauslin
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Giovani Trevisan
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Daniel C L Linhares
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Gustavo S Silva
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Eduardo Fano
- Boehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rodger G Main
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kent J Schwartz
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Eric R Burrough
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Rachel J Derscheid
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Panchan Sitthicharoenchai
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Maria J Clavijo
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Williams HR, Chin TE, Tokach MD, Woodworth JC, DeRouchey JM, Goodband RD, Bergstrom JR, Rahe MC, Siepker CL, Sitthicharoenchai P, Radke SL, Ensley SM, Gebhardt JT. The effect of bone and analytical methods on the assessment of bone mineralization response to dietary phosphorus, phytase, and vitamin D in nursery pigs. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad353. [PMID: 37837391 PMCID: PMC10635674 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 360 pigs (DNA 600 × 241, DNA; initially 11.9 ± 0.56 kg) were used in a 28-d trial to evaluate the effects of different bones and analytical methods on the assessment of bone mineralization response to dietary P, vitamin D, and phytase in nursery pigs. Pens of pigs (six pigs per pen) were randomized to six dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 10 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were designed to create differences in bone mineralization and included: (1) 0.19% standardized total tract digestibility (STTD) P (deficient), (2) 0.33% STTD P (NRC [2012] requirement) using monocalcium phosphate, (3) 0.33% STTD P including 0.14% release from phytase (Ronozyme HiPhos 2700, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ), (4) 0.44% STTD P using monocalcium phosphate, phytase, and no vitamin D, (5) diet 4 with vitamin D (1,653 IU/kg), and (6) diet 5 with an additional 50 µg/kg of 25(OH)D3 (HyD, DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, NJ) estimated to provide an additional 2,000 IU/kg of vitamin D3. After 28 d on feed, eight pigs per treatment were euthanized for bone (metacarpal, 2nd rib, 10th rib, and fibula), blood, and urine analysis. The response to treatment for bone density and ash was dependent upon the bone analyzed (treatment × bone interaction for bone density, P = 0.044; non-defatted bone ash, P = 0.060; defatted bone ash, P = 0.068). Thus, the response related to dietary treatment differed depending on which bone (metacarpal, fibula, 2nd rib, or 10th rib) was measured. Pigs fed 0.19% STTD P had decreased (P < 0.05) bone density and ash (non-defatted and defatted) for all bones compared to 0.44% STTD P, with 0.33% STTD P generally intermediate or similar to 0.44% STTD P. Pigs fed 0.44% STTD P with no vitamin D had greater (P < 0.05) non-defatted fibula ash compared to all treatments other than 0.44% STTD P with added 25(OH)D3. Pigs fed diets with 0.44% STTD P had greater (P < 0.05) defatted second rib ash compared to pigs fed 0.19% STTD P or 0.33% STTD P with no phytase. In summary, bone density and ash responses varied depending on bone analyzed. Differences in bone density and ash in response to P and vitamin D were most apparent with fibulas and second ribs. There were apparent differences in the bone ash percentage between defatted and non-defatted bone. However, differences between the treatments remain consistent regardless of the analytic procedure. For histopathology, 10th ribs were more sensitive than 2nd ribs or fibulas for the detection of lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadley R Williams
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Taylor E Chin
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Mike D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Jason C Woodworth
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Joel M DeRouchey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Robert D Goodband
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, College of Agriculture, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | | | - Michael C Rahe
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Christopher L Siepker
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Panchan Sitthicharoenchai
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Scott L Radke
- Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Steve M Ensley
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
| | - Jordan T Gebhardt
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-0201, USA
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Williams H, Gebhardt JT, Tokach MD, Woodworth JC, DeRouchey JM, Goodband RD, Bergstrom JR, Hastad CW, Post Z, Rahe M, Siepker C, Sitthicharoenchai P, Ensley S. 260 The Effect of Different Bones and Analytical Methods on Assessment of Bone Mineralization Response to Dietary P, Phytase, and Vitamin D in Finishing Pigs. J Anim Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac247.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Pigs [n = 882; initial body weight (BW) of 33.2±0.31 kg] were used to evaluate the effects of different bones and analytical methods on assessment of bone mineralization response to dietary P, phytase, and vitamin D in growing-finishing pigs. Pens of pigs (20 pigs/pen) were completely randomized to 5 dietary treatments with 9 pens/treatment. After feeding diets for 112-d, nine pigs/treatment were harvested for bone analysis. Treatments were: 1) P at 80% of the NRC STTD P (deficient), 2) NRC STTD P using monocalcium phosphate, 3) NRC STTD P including phytase, 4) Industry P using monocalcium phosphate and phytase, 5) diet 4 with additional 2,000 IU/kg 25(OH)D3 (HyD). All diets contained vitamin D at 1,653 IU/kg. There were no significant differences for final BW, ADG, ADFI, G:F (P>0.10) or non-de-fat bone ash (bone ash×bone interaction, P>0.10). The response to treatment for bone density (Archimedes principle) and bone mineral content (DEXA) tended to depend on the bone (density×bone interaction, P=0.053; mineral density×bone interaction, P=0.157). There were no treatment differences (P>0.10) for bone density and bone mineral density between metacarpals, fibulas, and 2nd ribs. For 10th ribs, pigs fed industry levels of P had increased (P< 0.05) bone density compared with pigs fed NRC levels with phytase, with pigs fed deficient P, NRC P with no phytase, and excess vitamin D from HyD being intermediate. Pigs fed diets supplemented with HyD had increased bone mineral density in 10th ribs compared with pigs fed NRC levels of P with phytase, with pigs fed P deficient diets, industry P without HyD, and NRC P with monocalcium being intermediate. In summary, bone density and bone mineral content responses varied depending on the bone. Differences in bone density and mineral content in response to vitamin D and P were most apparent with the 10th ribs.
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Sitthicharoenchai P, Burrough ER, Arruda BL, Sahin O, Dos Santos JG, Magstadt DR, Piñeyro PE, Schwartz KJ, Rahe MC. Streptococcus gallolyticus and Bacterial Endocarditis in Swine, United States, 2015-2020. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:192-195. [PMID: 34932445 PMCID: PMC8714216 DOI: 10.3201/eid2801.210998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate trends in bacterial causes of valvular endocarditis in swine, we retrospectively analyzed 321 cases diagnosed at Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory (Ames, IA, USA) during May 2015--April 2020. Streptococcus gallolyticus was the causative agent for 7.59% of cases. This emerging infection in swine could aid study of endocarditis in humans.
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Hau SJ, Lantz K, Stuart KL, Sitthicharoenchai P, Macedo N, Derscheid RJ, Burrough ER, Robbe-Austerman S, Brockmeier SL. Replication of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus infection in swine. Vet Microbiol 2021; 264:109271. [PMID: 34826647 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (SEZ) is a commensal bacterium of horses and causes infections in mammalian species, including humans. Historically, virulent strains of SEZ caused high mortality in pigs in China and Indonesia, while disease in the U.S. was infrequent. More recently, high mortality events in sows were attributed to SEZ in North America. The SEZ isolates from these mortality events have high genetic similarity to an isolate from an outbreak in China. Taken together, this may indicate SEZ is an emerging threat to swine health. To generate a disease model and evaluate the susceptibility of healthy, conventionally raised pigs to SEZ, we challenged sows and five-month-old pigs with an isolate from a 2019 mortality event. Pigs were challenged with a genetically similar guinea pig isolate or genetically distinct horse isolate to evaluate comparative virulence. The swine isolate caused severe systemic disease in challenged pigs with 100 % mortality. Disease manifestation in sows was similar to field reports: lethargy/depression, fever, reluctance to rise, and high mortality. The guinea pig isolate also caused severe systemic disease; however, most five-month-old pigs recovered. In contrast, the horse isolate did not cause disease and was readily cleared from the respiratory tract. In conclusion, we were able to replicate disease reported in the field. The results indicate differences in virulence between isolates, with the highest virulence associated with the swine isolate. Additionally, we generated a challenge model that can be used in future research to evaluate virulence factors and disease prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J Hau
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kristina Lantz
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, APHIS, USDA, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Keira L Stuart
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, APHIS, USDA, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Panchan Sitthicharoenchai
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Nubia Macedo
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Rachel J Derscheid
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Eric R Burrough
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | | | - Susan L Brockmeier
- Virus and Prion Research Unit, National Animal Disease Center, ARS, USDA, Ames, IA, United States.
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9
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Matias Ferreyra F, Harmon K, Bradner L, Burrough E, Derscheid R, Magstadt DR, Michael A, de Almeida MN, Schumacher L, Siepker C, Sitthicharoenchai P, Stevenson G, Arruda B. Comparative Analysis of Novel Strains of Porcine Astrovirus Type 3 in the USA. Viruses 2021; 13:1859. [PMID: 34578440 PMCID: PMC8472076 DOI: 10.3390/v13091859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine astrovirus type 3 (PoAstV3) has been previously identified as a cause of polioencephalomyelitis in swine and continues to cause disease in the US swine industry. Herein, we describe the characterization of both untranslated regions, frameshifting signal, putative genome-linked virus protein (VPg) and conserved antigenic epitopes of several novel PoAstV3 genomes. Twenty complete coding sequences (CDS) were obtained from 32 diagnostic cases originating from 11 individual farms/systems sharing a nucleotide (amino acid) percent identity of 89.74-100% (94.79-100%), 91.9-100% (96.3-100%) and 90.71-100% (93.51-100%) for ORF1a, ORF1ab and ORF2, respectively. Our results indicate that the 5'UTR of PoAstV3 is highly conserved highlighting the importance of this region in translation initiation while their 3'UTR is moderately conserved among strains, presenting alternative configurations including multiple putative protein binding sites and pseudoknots. Moreover, two predicted conserved antigenic epitopes were identified matching the 3' termini of VP27 of PoAstV3 USA strains. These epitopes may aid in the design and development of vaccine components and diagnostic assays useful to control outbreaks of PoAstV3-associated CNS disease. In conclusion, this is the first analysis predicting the structure of important regulatory motifs of neurotropic mamastroviruses, which differ from those previously described in human astroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Bailey Arruda
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, 1850 Christensen Drive, Ames, IA 50011-1134, USA; (F.M.F.); (K.H.); (L.B.); (E.B.); (R.D.); (D.R.M.); (A.M.); (M.N.d.A.); (L.S.); (C.S.); (P.S.); (G.S.)
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10
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Chen X, Resende-De-Macedo N, Sitthicharoenchai P, Sahin O, Burrough E, Clavijo M, Derscheid R, Schwartz K, Lantz K, Robbe-Austerman S, Main R, Li G. Genetic characterization of Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus associated with high swine mortality in the United States. Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 67:2797-2808. [PMID: 32460392 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
High mortality events due to Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (Streptococcus zooepidemicus) in swine have not previously been reported in the United States. In September and October 2019, outbreaks with swine mortality up to 50% due to S. zooepidemicus septicaemia were reported in Ohio and Tennessee. Genomic epidemiological analysis revealed that the eight outbreak isolates were clustered together with ATCC 35246, a Chinese strain caused outbreaks with high mortality, also closely related to three isolates from human cases from Virginia, but significantly different from an outbreak-unrelated swine isolate from Arizona and most isolates from other animal species. Comparative genomic analysis on two outbreak isolates and another outbreak-unrelated isolate identified several genomic islands and virulence genes specifically in the outbreak isolates only, which are likely associated with the high mortality observed in the swine population. These findings have implications for understanding, tracking and possibly preventing diseases caused by S. zooepidemicus in swine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhua Chen
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Nubia Resende-De-Macedo
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Panchan Sitthicharoenchai
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Eric Burrough
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Maria Clavijo
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Rachel Derscheid
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kent Schwartz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kristina Lantz
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, Ames, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Rodger Main
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ganwu Li
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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11
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Sitthicharoenchai P, Derscheid R, Schwartz K, Macedo N, Sahin O, Chen X, Li G, Main R, Burrough E. Cases of high mortality in cull sows and feeder pigs associated with Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus septicemia. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:565-571. [PMID: 32532177 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720927669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Investigations of 2 cases of high mortality in cull sows and feeder pigs from a buying station in Ohio and cull sows at an abattoir in Tennessee were conducted at the Iowa State University Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory. The animals were presented as weak, lethargic, and some with high fever. Rapidly escalating mortality was reported to be as high as 30-50% within groups at the buying station over 8-10 d, and 30-40% over 5-7 d at the abattoir. Splenomegaly and red lymph nodes were the most consistent macroscopic findings, with scant fibrinous polyserositis observed in one sow. The microscopic lesions of vasculitis, fibrin thrombi, fibrinosuppurative polyserositis, and intralesional bacteria were consistent with acute bacterial septicemia. Bacterial culture isolated Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) from multiple organs, including spleen, lung, and kidney. PCR tests were negative for African swine fever virus, classical swine fever virus, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, porcine circovirus 2, and Salmonella spp. Porcine circovirus 3 was inconsistently detected at low levels by PCR, with a lack of associated lesions. Next-generation sequencing identified S. zooepidemicus and porcine partetravirus in the serum sample of the feeder pig from the buying station. Phylogenetic analysis of the szP gene indicated that the S. zooepidemicus isolates from Ohio and Tennessee are in genotype VI. We conclude that the cause of these high mortality events in swine was S. zooepidemicus septicemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchan Sitthicharoenchai
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Rachel Derscheid
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Kent Schwartz
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Nubia Macedo
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Orhan Sahin
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Xuhua Chen
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Ganwu Li
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Rodger Main
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - Eric Burrough
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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12
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Sitthicharoenchai P, Alnajjar S, Ackermann MR. A model of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection of infants in newborn lambs. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 380:313-324. [PMID: 32347384 PMCID: PMC7223741 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03213-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Many animal models have been established for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection of infants with the purpose of studying the pathogenesis, immunological response, and pharmaceutical testing and the objective of finding novel therapies and preventive measures. This review centers on a neonatal lamb model of RSV infection that has similarities to RSV infection of infants. It includes a comprehensive description of anatomical and immunological similarities between ovine and human lungs along with comparison of pulmonary changes and immune responses with RSV infection. These features make the newborn lamb an effective model for investigating key aspects of RSV infection in infants. The importance of RSV lamb model application in preclinical therapeutic trials and current updates on new studies with the RSV-infected neonatal lamb are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchan Sitthicharoenchai
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA USA
| | - Sarhad Alnajjar
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- LambCure LLC, Corvallis, OR USA
| | - Mark R. Ackermann
- LambCure LLC, Corvallis, OR USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Oregon Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Carlson College of Veterinary Medicine, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR USA
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13
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Ackermann M, Alnajjar S, Sitthicharoenchai P, Van Geelen A, Gallup JM, Stohr T, Brochot A, Duprez L, Lorios‐Mora A, Detalle L. Therapeutic delivery of ALX‐0171 Nanobody reduces disease severity of human respiratory syncytial virus strain M37 after established RSV infection. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.38.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Ackermann
- Biomedical SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR
- LambCureLLCCorvallisOR
| | - Sarhad Alnajjar
- Biomedical SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR
- LambCureLLCCorvallisOR
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14
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Alnajjar SSA, Sitthicharoenchai P, Gallup J, Ackermann M, Verhoeven D. Streptococcus Pneumoniae Infection in Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infected Neonatal Lambs. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.lb594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarhad SA Alnajjar
- Veterinary PathologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA
- College of Veterinary MedicineUniversity of BaghdadBaghdadIraq
- Biomedical ScienceOregon State UniversityCorvallisOR
| | | | - Jack Gallup
- Veterinary PathologyIowa State UniversityAmesIA
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15
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González W, Giménez-Lirola LG, Holmes A, Lizano S, Goodell C, Poonsuk K, Sitthicharoenchai P, Sun Y, Zimmerman J. Detection of Actinobacillus Pleuropneumoniae ApxIV Toxin Antibody in Serum and Oral Fluid Specimens from Pigs Inoculated Under Experimental Conditions. J Vet Res 2017; 61:163-171. [PMID: 29978069 PMCID: PMC5894388 DOI: 10.1515/jvetres-2017-0021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevention and control of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in commercial production settings is based on serological monitoring. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) have been developed to detect specific antibodies against a variety of A. pleuropneumoniae antigens, including long-chain lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and the ApxIV toxin, a repeats-in-toxin (RTX) exotoxin unique to A. pleuropneumoniae and produced by all serovars. The objective of this study was to describe ApxIV antibody responses in serum and oral fluid of pigs. Material and Methods Four groups of pigs (six pigs per group) were inoculated with A. pleuropneumoniae serovars 1, 5, 7, or 12. Weekly serum samples and daily oral fluid samples were collected from individual pigs for 56 days post inoculation (DPI) and tested by LPS and ApxIV ELISAs. The ApxIV ELISA was run in three formats to detect immunlgobulins M, G, and A (IgM, IgG and IgA) while the LPS ELISA detected only IgG. Results All pigs inoculated with A. pleuropneumoniae serovars 1 and 7 were LPS ELISA serum antibody positive from DPI 14 to 56. A transient and weak LPS ELISA antibody response was observed in pigs inoculated with serovar 5 and a single antibody positive pig was observed in serovar 12 at ≥35 DPI. Notably, ApxIV serum and oral fluid antibody responses in pig inoculated with serovars 1 and 7 reflected the patterns observed for LPS antibody, albeit with a 14 to 21 day delay. Conclusion This work suggests that ELISAs based on ApxIV antibody detection in oral fluid samples could be effective in population monitoring for A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy González
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Ashley Holmes
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | | | - Korakrit Poonsuk
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - Yaxuan Sun
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Zimmerman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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16
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Roymans D, Alnajjar SS, Battles MB, Sitthicharoenchai P, Furmanova-Hollenstein P, Rigaux P, Berg JVD, Kwanten L, Ginderen MV, Verheyen N, Vranckx L, Jaensch S, Arnoult E, Voorzaat R, Gallup JM, Larios-Mora A, Crabbe M, Huntjens D, Raboisson P, Langedijk JP, Ackermann MR, McLellan JS, Vendeville S, Koul A. Therapeutic efficacy of a respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitor. Nat Commun 2017; 8:167. [PMID: 28761099 PMCID: PMC5537225 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00170-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in young children, immunocompromised adults, and the elderly. Intervention with small-molecule antivirals specific for respiratory syncytial virus presents an important therapeutic opportunity, but no such compounds are approved today. Here we report the structure of JNJ-53718678 bound to respiratory syncytial virus fusion (F) protein in its prefusion conformation, and we show that the potent nanomolar activity of JNJ-53718678, as well as the preliminary structure–activity relationship and the pharmaceutical optimization strategy of the series, are consistent with the binding mode of JNJ-53718678 and other respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitors. Oral treatment of neonatal lambs with JNJ-53718678, or with an equally active close analog, efficiently inhibits established acute lower respiratory tract infection in the animals, even when treatment is delayed until external signs of respiratory syncytial virus illness have become visible. Together, these data suggest that JNJ-53718678 is a promising candidate for further development as a potential therapeutic in patients at risk to develop respiratory syncytial virus acute lower respiratory tract infection. Respiratory syncytial virus causes lung infections in children, immunocompromised adults, and in the elderly. Here the authors show that a chemical inhibitor to a viral fusion protein is effective in reducing viral titre and ameliorating infection in rodents and neonatal lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Roymans
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium.
| | - Sarhad S Alnajjar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Dr, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Michael B Battles
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | | | | | - Peter Rigaux
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Joke Van den Berg
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Leen Kwanten
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Marcia Van Ginderen
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Nick Verheyen
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Luc Vranckx
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Steffen Jaensch
- Computational Biology, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Eric Arnoult
- Computational Chemistry, Janssen R&D LLC, 1400 Mckean Road, Spring House, PA, 19477, USA
| | - Richard Voorzaat
- Janssen Vaccines and Prevention, Newtonweg 1, 2333-CP, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jack M Gallup
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Dr, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Alejandro Larios-Mora
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Dr, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Marjolein Crabbe
- Non-Clinical Statistics, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Dymphy Huntjens
- Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacometrics, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Pierre Raboisson
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | | | - Mark R Ackermann
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, 1800 Christensen Dr, Ames, IA, 50010, USA
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Biochemistry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, 1 Rope Ferry Road, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - Sandrine Vendeville
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Anil Koul
- Janssen Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Turnhoutseweg 30, 2340, Beerse, Belgium
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17
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Arunorat J, Charoenvisal N, Woonwong Y, Kedkovid R, Jittimanee S, Sitthicharoenchai P, Kesdangsakonwut S, Poolperm P, Thanawongnuwech R. Protection of human influenza vaccines against a reassortant swine influenza virus of pandemic H1N1 origin using a pig model. Res Vet Sci 2017; 114:6-11. [PMID: 28267619 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2017.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Since the pandemic H1N1 emergence in 2009 (pdmH1N1), many reassortant pdmH1N1 viruses emerged and found circulating in the pig population worldwide. Currently, commercial human subunit vaccines are used commonly to prevent the influenza symptom based on the WHO recommendation. In case of current reassortant swine influenza viruses transmitting from pigs to humans, the efficacy of current human influenza vaccines is of interest. In this study, influenza A negative pigs were vaccinated with selected commercial human subunit vaccines and challenged with rH3N2. All sera were tested with both HI and SN assays using four representative viruses from the surveillance data in 2012 (enH1N1, pdmH1N1, rH1N2 and rH3N2). The results showed no significant differences in clinical signs and macroscopic and microscopic findings among groups. However, all pig sera from vaccinated groups had protective HI titers to the enH1N1, pdmH1N1 and rH1N2 at 21DPV onward and had protective SN titers only to pdmH1N1and rH1N2 at 21DPV onward. SN test results appeared more specific than those of HI tests. All tested sera had no cross-reactivity against the rH3N2. Both studied human subunit vaccines failed to protect and to stop viral shedding with no evidence of serological reaction against rH3N2. SIV surveillance is essential for monitoring a novel SIV emergence potentially for zoonosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jirapat Arunorat
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Nataya Charoenvisal
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Yonlayong Woonwong
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Roongtham Kedkovid
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Supattra Jittimanee
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khonkhaen University, Bangkok 40002, Thailand
| | - Panchan Sitthicharoenchai
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Sawang Kesdangsakonwut
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pariwat Poolperm
- Department of Farm Resources and Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, KamphaengSaen Campus, Nakhon Pathom 73140, Thailand
| | - Roongroje Thanawongnuwech
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Henri-Dunant Rd, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Emerging Infectious Diseases in Animals, Chulalongkorn University (CU-EIDAs), Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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