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Guilding C, White PJ, Cunningham M, Kelly-Laubscher R, Koenig J, Babey AM, Tucker S, Kelly JP, Gorman L, Aronsson P, Hawes M, Ngo SNT, Mifsud J, Werners AH, Hinton T, Khan F, Aljofan M, Angelo T. Defining and unpacking the core concepts of pharmacology: A global initiative. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:375-392. [PMID: 37605852 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Development of core concepts in disciplines such as biochemistry, microbiology and physiology have transformed teaching. They provide the foundation for the development of teaching resources for global educators, as well as valid and reliable approaches to assessment. An international research consensus recently identified 25 core concepts of pharmacology. The current study aimed to define and unpack these concepts. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A two-phase, iterative approach, involving 60 international pharmacology education experts, was used. The first phase involved drafting definitions for core concepts and identifying key sub-concepts via a series of online meetings and asynchronous work. These were refined in the second phase, through a 2-day hybrid workshop followed by a further series of online meetings and asynchronous work. KEY RESULTS The project produced consensus definitions for a final list of 24 core concepts and 103 sub-concepts of pharmacology. The iterative, discursive methodology resulted in modification of concepts from the original study, including change of 'drug-receptor interaction' to 'drug-target interaction' and the change of the core concept 'agonists and antagonists' to sub-concepts of drug-target interaction. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Definitions and sub-concepts of 24 core concepts provide an evidence-based foundation for pharmacology curricula development and evaluation. The next steps for this project include the development of a concept inventory to assess acquisition of concepts, as well as the development of case studies and educational resources to support teaching by the global pharmacology community, and student learning of the most critical and fundamental concepts of the discipline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare Guilding
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paul J White
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Margaret Cunningham
- Strathclyde Institute for Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Roisin Kelly-Laubscher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jennifer Koenig
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Anna-Marie Babey
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Steve Tucker
- School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - John P Kelly
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Laurel Gorman
- Department of Medical Education, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA
- Department of Biomedical Education, Temple University, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Hawes
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Suong N T Ngo
- School of Animal and Veterinary Science, Faculty of Sciences, Engineering and Technology, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Janet Mifsud
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Arend H Werners
- School of Veterinary Medicine, St. George's University, True Blue, Grenada
| | - Tina Hinton
- Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fouzia Khan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mohamad Aljofan
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Medicine Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
| | - Tom Angelo
- University of North Carolina, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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de Carvalho RP, do Vale B, Dsouki NA, Cafarchio EM, De Luca LA, Aronsson P, Sato MA. GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission reveals novel cardiovascular and urinary bladder control features in the shell nucleus accumbens. Brain Res 2023; 1818:148520. [PMID: 37562564 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2023.148520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
The shell Nucleus Accumbens (NAcc) projects to the lateral preoptic area, which is involved in the central micturition control and receives inputs from medullary areas involved in cardiovascular control. We investigated the role of GABAergic and glutamatergic transmission in the shell NAcc on intravesical pressure (IP) and cardiovascular control. Male Wistar rats with guide cannulas implanted bilaterally in the shell NAcc 7 days prior to the experiments were anesthetized with 2% isoflurane in 100% O2 and subjected to cannulation of the femoral artery and vein for mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate recordings (HR) and infusion of drugs, respectively. The urinary bladder (UB) was cannulated for IP measurement. A Doppler flow probe was placed around the renal arterial for renal blood flow (RBF) measurement. After the baseline MAP, HR, IP and RBF recordings for 15 min, GABA or bicuculline methiodate (BMI) or L-glutamate or kynurenic acid (KYN) or saline (vehicle) were bilaterally injected into the shell NAcc and the variables were measured for 30 min. Data are as mean ± SEM and submitted to Student́s t test. GABA injections into the shell NAcc evoked a significant fall in MAP and HR and increased IP and RC compared to saline. L-glutamate in the shell NAcc increased MAP, HR and IP and reduced RC. Injections of BMI and KYN elicited no changes in the variables recorded. Therefore, the GABAergic and glutamatergic transmissions in neurons in the shell NAcc are involved in the neural pathways responsible for the central cardiovascular control and UB regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo P de Carvalho
- Dept. Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
| | - Bárbara do Vale
- Dept. Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
| | - Nuha A Dsouki
- Dept. Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
| | - Eduardo M Cafarchio
- Dept. Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
| | - Laurival A De Luca
- Dept. Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Dept Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Monica A Sato
- Dept. Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, SP, Brazil.
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Wyndaele M, Charrua A, Hervé F, Aronsson P, Grundy L, Khullar V, Wein A, Abrams P, Cruz F, Cruz CD. Beyond the urothelium: Interplay between autonomic nervous system and bladder inflammation in urinary tract infection, bladder pain syndrome with interstitial cystitis and neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction in spinal cord injury-ICI-RS 2023. Neurourol Urodyn 2023. [PMID: 37876314 DOI: 10.1002/nau.25310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammation and neuronal hypersensitivity are reactive protective mechanisms after urothelial injury. In lower urinary tract dysfunctions (LUTD), such as urinary tract infection (UTI), bladder pain syndrome with interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) and neurogenic LUTD after spinal cord injury (SCI), chronic inflammation can develop. It is unclear how the protective reactionary inflammation escalates into chronic disease in some patients. METHODS During its 2023 meeting in Bristol, the International Consultation on Incontinence-Research Society (ICI-RS) reviewed the urothelial and inflammatory changes after UTI, BPS/IC and SCI. Potential factors contributing to the evolution into chronic disease were explored in a think-tank. RESULTS Five topics were discussed. (1) Visceral fat metabolism participates in the systemic pro-inflammatory effect of noradrenalin in BPS/IC and SCI. Sympathetic nervous system-adipocyte-bladder crosstalk needs further investigation. (2) Sympathetic hyperactivity also potentiates immune depression in SCI and needs to be investigated in BPS/IC. Gabapentin and tumor necrosis factor-α are promising research targets. (3) The exact peripheral neurons involved in the integrative protective unit formed by nervous and immune systems need to be further identified. (4) Neurotransmitter changes in SCI and BPS/IC: Neurotransmitter crosstalk needs to be considered in identifying new therapeutic targets. (5) The change from eubiosis to dysbiosis in SCI can contribute to UTI susceptibility and needs to be unraveled. CONCLUSIONS The think-tank discussed whether visceral fat metabolism, immune depression through sympathetic hyperactivity, peripheral nerves and neurotransmitter crosstalk, and the change in microbiome could provide explanations in the heterogenic development of chronic inflammation in LUTD. High-priority research questions were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Wyndaele
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ana Charrua
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Translational Neurourology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S and IBMC University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - François Hervé
- Department of Urology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Luke Grundy
- Visceral Pain Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute (FHMRI), Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia
- Hopwood Centre for Neurobiology, Lifelong Health Theme, South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute (SAHMRI), Adelaide, Australia
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Vik Khullar
- Department of Urogynaecology, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Alan Wein
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Perelman School of Medicine, Penn Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Urology, Desai Sethi Institute of Urology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Paul Abrams
- Bristol Urological Institute, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Francisco Cruz
- Translational Neurourology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S and IBMC University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Urology, Hospital São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia Duarte Cruz
- Experimental Biology Unit, Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Translational Neurourology, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde-i3S and IBMC University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Daiuto SA, de Carvalho RP, do Vale B, Dsouki NA, Giannocco G, Cafarchio EM, Aronsson P, Sato MA. Angiotensinergic and GABAergic transmission in the medial preoptic area: role in urinary bladder and cardiovascular control in female rats. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1224505. [PMID: 37772054 PMCID: PMC10524595 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1224505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The medial preoptic area (mPOA) participates in thermoregulatory control and blood pressure modulation as shown by studies with electrical stimulation of this area or cobalt chloride injection, a non-selective synapse inhibitor. This study aimed to investigate whether angiotensin II (Ang II) and GABA could act or not in the mPOA to mediate the cardiovascular and micturition control pathways. Methods: Female Wistar rats were submitted to stereotaxic surgery for implantation of a guide cannula into the mPOA 7 days prior to the experiments. Afterwards, the animals were isoflurane- anesthetized and submitted to the catheterization of the femoral artery and vein and urinary bladder cannulation for mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and intravesical pressure (IP) recordings, respectively. After the baseline MAP, HR, and IP recordings for 15 min, Ang II (0.1 nM, 1 μL), losartan (AT-1 receptor antagonist, 100 nM, 1 μL), GABA (50 mM, 1 μL) or saline (1 μL) were injected into the mPOA, and the variables were measured for additional 30 min. In a different group of rats, the AT-1 receptor, angiotensin II converting enzyme (ACE), and GABAa receptor gene expression was evaluated in mPOA samples by qPCR. The data are as mean ± SEM and submitted to One-way ANOVA (Tukey posttest) or paired Student t-test (P <0.05). Results: The injection of Ang II into the mPOA evoked a significant hypotension (-37±10 mmHg, n = 6, p = 0.024) and bradycardia (-47 ± 20 bpm, p = 0.030) compared to saline (+1 ± 1 mmHg and +6 ± 2 bpm, n = 6). A significant increase in IP was observed after Ang II injection into the mPOA (+72.25 ± 17.91%, p = 0.015 vs. -1.80 ± 2.98%, n = 6, saline). No significant changes were observed in MAP, HR and IP after the losartan injection in the mPOA compared to saline injection. Injection of GABA into the mPOA evoked a significant fall in MAP and HR (-68 ± 2 mmHg, n = 6, p < 0.0001 and -115 ± 14 bpm, n = 6, p = 0.0002 vs. -1 ± 1 mmHg and +4 ± 2 bpm, n = 6, saline), but no significant changes were observed in IP. The AT-1 receptor, ACE and GABAa receptor mRNA expression was observed in all mPOA samples. Discussion: Therefore, in female rats, Ang II mediated transmission in the mPOA is involved in the cardiovascular regulation and in the control of central micturition pathways. A phasic control dependent on AT-1 receptors in the mPOA seems to be involved in the regulation of those cardiovascular and intravesical 3 parameters. In contrast, GABAergic transmission in the mPOA participates in the pathways of cardiovascular control in anesthetized female rats, nevertheless, this neurotransmission is not involved in the micturition control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio A. Daiuto
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo P. de Carvalho
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Bárbara do Vale
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Nuha A. Dsouki
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Gisele Giannocco
- Department Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M. Cafarchio
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Monica A. Sato
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
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Aronsson P, Stenqvist J, Ferizovic E, Danielsson E, Jensen A, Simonsen U, Winder M. Soluble guanylate cyclase mediates the relaxation of healthy and inflamed bladder smooth muscle by aqueous nitric oxide. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1249560. [PMID: 37731544 PMCID: PMC10507315 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1249560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Due to its chemical properties, functional responses to nitric oxide (NO) are often difficult to examine. In the present study, we established a method to produce NO in an aqueous solution and validated its capacity to evoke functional responses in isolated rat bladders. Furthermore, we compared the NO responses to the commonly used NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP). We also investigated the impact of ongoing inflammation on the involvement of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) dependent signaling in NO relaxation. Methods: A setup to produce an aqueous NO solution was established, allowing the production of an aqueous solution containing a calculated NO concentration of 2 mM. Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats received either no treatment (controls) or cyclophosphamide (CYP; 100 mg*kg-1 i.p., 60 h prior to the experiment) to induce experimental cystitis. Bladder strip preparations were mounted in organ baths and studied at basal tension or pre-contracted with methacholine (3 μM). Aqueous NO solution (40-400 μL; 2 mM corresponding to 4-40 μM) or SNP (1-1,000 μM) was added cumulatively in increasing concentrations. Relaxation to aqueous NO was also studied in the presence of the sGC inhibitor ODQ (0.25-25 μM). The expression of sGC was investigated by immunohistochemical analysis. Results: The NO solution caused functional relaxations in both controls and inflamed bladder preparations. NO-induced relaxations were significantly greater in inflamed bladder strips at basal tension, whereas no differences were seen in methacholine pre-contracted strips. In the presence of the sGC inhibitor ODQ in a high concentration, the NO-evoked relaxations were abolished in both control and inflamed preparations. At a lower concentration of ODQ, only NO relaxations in inflamed preparations were attenuated. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that sGC was expressed in the detrusor and mucosa, with a significantly lower expression in the inflamed detrusor. Conclusion: In the present study, we found that aqueous NO solution induces relaxation of the rat detrusor by activating soluble guanylate cyclase in both control and inflamed bladder strips. Induction of inflammation conceivably leads to decreased sGC expression in the detrusor, which may explain the different susceptibility towards inhibition of sGC in inflamed versus control tissue. The use of an aqueous NO solution should be further considered as a valuable complement to the pharmacological tools currently used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johanna Stenqvist
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ena Ferizovic
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Emelie Danielsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Jensen
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Simonsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health, University of Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Winder
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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White PJ, Guilding C, Angelo T, Kelly JP, Gorman L, Tucker SJ, Fun A, Han J, Chen G, Samak Y, Babey AM, Caetano FA, Sarangi SC, Koenig J, Hao H, Goldfarb J, Karpa K, Vieira L, Restini C, Cunningham M, Aronsson P, Kelly-Laubscher R, Hernandez M, Rangachari PK, Mifsud J, Mraiche F, Sabra R, Piñeros O, Zhen X, Kwanashie H, Exintaris B, Karunaratne N, Ishii K, Liu Y. Identifying the core concepts of pharmacology education: A global initiative. Br J Pharmacol 2023; 180:1197-1209. [PMID: 36470846 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In recent decades, a focus on the most critical and fundamental concepts has proven highly advantageous to students and educators in many science disciplines. Pharmacology, unlike microbiology, biochemistry, or physiology, lacks a consensus list of such core concepts. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We sought to develop a research-based, globally relevant list of core concepts that all students completing a foundational pharmacology course should master. This two-part project consisted of exploratory and refinement phases. The exploratory phase involved empirical data mining of the introductory sections of five key textbooks, in parallel with an online survey of over 200 pharmacology educators from 17 countries across six continents. The refinement phase involved three Delphi rounds involving 24 experts from 15 countries across six continents. KEY RESULTS The exploratory phase resulted in a consolidated list of 74 candidate core concepts. In the refinement phase, the expert group produced a consensus list of 25 core concepts of pharmacology. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS This list will allow pharmacology educators everywhere to focus their efforts on the conceptual knowledge perceived to matter most by experts within the discipline. Next steps for this project include defining and unpacking each core concept and developing resources to help pharmacology educators globally teach and assess these concepts within their educational contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J White
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare Guilding
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Tom Angelo
- UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - John P Kelly
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Laurel Gorman
- Department Medical Education, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA
| | - Steven J Tucker
- School of Medicine, Medical Science and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Ashleigh Fun
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jae Han
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Guanliang Chen
- Centre for Learning Analytics at Monash, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yassmin Samak
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna-Marie Babey
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fabiana A Caetano
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jennifer Koenig
- Division of Medical Sciences and Graduate Entry Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Haiping Hao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Joseph Goldfarb
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kelly Karpa
- Department of Medical Education and Family Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee, USA
| | - Luciene Vieira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Carolina Restini
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, Clinton Township, Michigan, USA
| | - Margaret Cunningham
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Roisin Kelly-Laubscher
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Mark Hernandez
- Division of Anatomy and Molecular Medicine, Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, Alabama, USA
| | - Patangi K Rangachari
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janet Mifsud
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Malta, Msida, Malta
| | - Fatima Mraiche
- College of Pharmacy, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ramzi Sabra
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Octavio Piñeros
- Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Xuechu Zhen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases Research and College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Soochow, China
| | - Helen Kwanashie
- Department of Nursing Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Open University of Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Betty Exintaris
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nilushi Karunaratne
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kuniaki Ishii
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yannee Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Sato MA, De Luca LA, Chess-Williams R, Aronsson P. Editorial: Novel mechanisms involved in urinary bladder control: Advances in neural, humoral and local factors underlying function and disease, volume II. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1056316. [PMID: 36324315 PMCID: PMC9619043 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1056316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monica A. Sato
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Monica A. Sato,
| | - Laurival A. De Luca
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Russ Chess-Williams
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lamy GB, Cafarchio EM, do Vale B, Antonio BB, Venancio DP, de Souza JS, Maciel RM, Giannocco G, Silva Neto AF, Oyama LM, Aronsson P, Sato MA. Unveiling the Angiotensin-(1–7) Actions on the Urinary Bladder in Female Rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:920636. [PMID: 35928558 PMCID: PMC9345415 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.920636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin-(1–7) is a peptide produced by different pathways, and regardless of the route, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2) is involved in one of the steps of its synthesis. Angiotensin-(1–7) binds to Mas receptors localized in different cells throughout the body. Whether angiotensin-(1–7) exerts any action in the urinary bladder (UB) is still unknown. We investigated the effects of intravenous and topical (in situ) administration of angiotensin-(1–7) on intravesical pressure (IP) and cardiovascular variables. In addition, the Mas receptors and ACE-2 gene and protein expression were analyzed in the UB. Adult female Wistar rats were anesthetized with 2% isoflurane in 100% O2 and submitted to the catheterization of the femoral artery and vein for mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) recordings, and infusion of drugs, respectively. The renal blood flow was acquired using a Doppler flow probe placed around the left renal artery and the renal conductance (RC) was calculated as a ratio of Doppler shift (kHz) and MAP. The cannulation of the UB was performed for IP recording. We observed that angiotensin-(1–7) either administered intravenously [115.8 ± 28.6% angiotensin-(1–7) vs. −2.9 ± 1.3% saline] or topically [147.4 ± 18.9% angiotensin-(1–7) vs. 3.2 ± 2.8% saline] onto the UB evoked a significant (p < 0.05) increase in IP compared to saline and yielded no changes in MAP, HR, and RC. The marked response of angiotensin-(1–7) on the UB was also investigated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting assay, which demonstrated the mRNA and protein expression of Mas receptors in the bladder, respectively. ACE-2 mRNA and protein expression was also observed in the bladder. Therefore, the findings demonstrate that angiotensin-(1–7) acts in the UB to increase the IP and suggest that this peptide can be also locally synthesized in the UB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo B. Lamy
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M. Cafarchio
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Bárbara do Vale
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Bruno B. Antonio
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Daniel P. Venancio
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Janaina S. de Souza
- Department Biological Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Rui M. Maciel
- Department Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Giannocco
- Department Biological Sciences, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
- Department Medicine, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Lila M. Oyama
- Department Physiology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Monica A. Sato
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Monica A. Sato,
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Neri LS, de Carvalho RP, Daiuto SA, Vale BD, Cafarchio EM, Aronsson P, Sato MA. Blockade of vasopressin receptors reduces the threshold pressure of micturition reflex in female rats. Curr Res Physiol 2022; 5:399-403. [PMID: 36193514 PMCID: PMC9525731 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphys.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms involved in urinary bladder control are not fully understood, but it is well accepted that a complex central network is involved in micturition control. The micturition reflex can be modulated by direct cortical influence through facilitatory and inhibitory mechanisms. In addition, humoral mechanisms are involved in the bladder control. Vasopressin increases bladder contraction and intravesical pressure. This study sought to investigate the effect of intravenous injections of vasopressin receptor antagonists on cystometric parameters in anesthetized female rats. Isoflurane anesthetized adult female Wistar rats underwent femoral artery and vein cannulation for arterial pressure (AP) and heart rate (HR) recordings, and infusion of drugs, respectively. The bladder was also cannulated for intravesical pressure (IP) recordings and infusion of saline (10 mL/h) for cystometric evaluation. After baseline AP, HR and IP recordings, saline (vehicle, 1 mL/kg), V1a (5 μg/kg) or V2 receptor antagonist (5 μg/kg) was injected i.v. and after 25 min the cystometry was carried out. Neither saline nor V1a or V2 receptor blockade evoked any change in AP, HR and IP. Nevertheless, during cystometry, the threshold pressure of the micturition reflex was significantly reduced in rats with V1a (to 19.30 ± 2.39 mmHg) and V2 receptor blockade (to 19.88 ± 2.49 mmHg) compared to the saline group (28.85 ± 2.06 mmHg, p = 0.014). No difference was observed in the other cystometric parameters. Therefore, the data suggest that blockade of V1a and V2 receptors reduces the threshold pressure of the micturition reflex and does not influence other cystometric parameters in anesthetized female Wistar rats. Micturition reflex threshold is reduced by blockade of vasopressin receptors. Blockade of V1a/V2 receptors does not affect maximum pressure of micturition. Basal intravesical pressure is unaltered by low dose of V1a/V2 receptor blocker.
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Dankis M, Carlsson T, Aronsson P, Tobin G, Winder M. Novel Insights Into Muscarinic and Purinergic Responses in Primary Cultures of Rat Lacrimal Gland Myoepithelial Cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:19. [PMID: 34546325 PMCID: PMC8458779 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.12.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The functional characteristics of receptors that regulate lacrimal gland myoepithelial cells are still somewhat unclear. To date, mainly muscarinic receptors have been of interest; however, further knowledge is needed regarding their expression and functional roles. For this purpose, primary cultures of rat lacrimal gland myoepithelial cells were established and examined functionally. Methods Rat lacrimal glands were excised, minced, and further digested, yielding mixtures of cells that were seeded in culturing flasks. After 4-6 weeks, primary monocultures of myoepithelial cells were established, verified by immunocytochemistry. The cells were stained for all muscarinic receptor subtypes (M1–M5) and examined functionally regarding intracellular [Ca2+] responses upon activation of muscarinic receptors. For methodological verification, purinergic functional responses were also studied. Results Expression of muscarinic receptor subtypes M2-M5 was detected, whereas expression of muscarinic M1 receptors could not be shown. Activation of muscarinic receptors by the non-selective muscarinic agonist methacholine (3 × 10−11–10−3 M) did not cause a significant increase in intracellular [Ca2+]. However, activation of purinergic receptors by the non-selective purinergic agonist ATP (10−8–10−3 M) caused a concentration-dependent increase in intracellular [Ca2+] that could be blocked by the P2 antagonists PPADS and suramin. Conclusions Primary cultures of rat lacrimal gland myoepithelial cells were established that displayed a heterogeneous expression of muscarinic receptors. Purinergic functional responses demonstrated a viable cell population. Upon treatment with methacholine, no significant increase in intracellular [Ca2+] could be detected, indicating that cholinergic activation of myoepithelial cells occurs via other intracellular messengers or is dependent on interaction with other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Dankis
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Carlsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Tobin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Winder
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Aydogdu O, Gocun PU, Aronsson P, Carlsson T, Winder M. Cross-organ sensitization between the prostate and bladder in an experimental rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chronic pelvic pain syndrome. BMC Urol 2021; 21:113. [PMID: 34419040 PMCID: PMC8380371 DOI: 10.1186/s12894-021-00882-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) on bladder function via prostate-to-bladder cross-sensitization in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced prostate inflammation. METHODS Male rats were intraprostatically injected with LPS or saline, serving as control. Micturition parameters were examined in a metabolic cage 10 or 14 days later. Subsequently, to evaluate bladder function, cystometry was performed. Micturition cycles were induced by saline infusion and cholinergic and purinergic contractile responses were measured by intravenous injection with methacholine and ATP, respectively. Thereafter, the prostate and bladder were excised and assessed histopathologically for possible inflammatory changes. RESULTS Metabolic cage experiments showed increased urinary frequency in rats with LPS-induced CP/CPPS. Cystometry showed a significant increase in the number of non-voiding contractions, longer voiding time and lower compliance in CP/CPPS animals compared to controls. Induction of CP/CPPS led to significantly reduced cholinergic and purinergic bladder contractile responses. Histopathological analysis demonstrated prostatic inflammation in CP/CPPS animals. There were no significant differences between the groups regarding the extent or the grade of bladder inflammation. Prostate weight was not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows that prostate-to-bladder cross-sensitization can be triggered by an infectious focus in the prostate, giving rise to bladder overactivity and alterations in both afferent and efferent signalling. Future studies are required to fully understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgu Aydogdu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pinar Uyar Gocun
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Carlsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Winder
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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12
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Lamy GB, Cafarchio EM, do Vale B, Antonio BB, Venancio DP, de Souza JS, Maciel RM, Giannocco G, Aronsson P, Sato MA. Lateral Preoptic Area Neurons Activated by Angiotensin-(1-7) Increase Intravesical Pressure: A Novel Feature in Central Micturition Control. Front Physiol 2021; 12:682711. [PMID: 34322035 PMCID: PMC8311566 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.682711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Central micturition control and urine storage involve a multisynaptic neuronal circuit for the efferent control of the urinary bladder. Electrical stimulation of the lateral preoptic area (LPA) at the level of the decussation of the anterior commissure in cats evokes relaxation of the bladder, whereas ventral stimulation of LPA evokes vigorous contraction. Endogenous Angiotensin-(1–7) [(Ang-(1–7)] synthesis depends on ACE-2, and its actions on binding to Mas receptors, which were found in LPA neurons. We aimed to investigate the Ang-(1–7) actions into the LPA on intravesical pressure (IP) and cardiovascular parameters. The gene and protein expressions of Mas receptors and ACE-2 were also evaluated in the LPA. Angiotensin-(1–7) (5 nmol/μL) or A-779 (Mas receptor antagonist, 50 nmol/μL) was injected into the LPA in anesthetized female Wistar rats; and the IP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and renal conductance (RC) were recorded for 30 min. Unilateral injection of Ang-(1–7) into the LPA increased IP (187.46 ± 37.23%) with peak response at ∼23–25-min post-injection and yielded no changes in MAP, HR, and RC. Unilateral or bilateral injections of A-779 into the LPA decreased IP (−15.88 ± 2.76 and −27.30 ± 3.40%, respectively) and elicited no changes in MAP, HR, and RC. The genes and the protein expression of Mas receptors and ACE-2 were found in the LPA. Therefore, the LPA is an important part of the circuit involved in the urinary bladder control, in which the Ang-(1–7) synthetized into the LPA activates Mas receptors for increasing the IP independent on changes in RC and cardiovascular parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo B Lamy
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Cafarchio
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Bárbara do Vale
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Bruno B Antonio
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Venancio
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Janaina S de Souza
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui M Maciel
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Giannocco
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, Brazil
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Monica A Sato
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario FMABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
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Aydogdu O, Gocun PU, Aronsson P, Carlsson T, Winder M. Prostate-to-bladder cross-sensitization in a model of zymosan-induced chronic pelvic pain syndrome in rats. Prostate 2021; 81:252-260. [PMID: 33465254 DOI: 10.1002/pros.24101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) on bladder function and pathophysiology. METHODS To create a model for CPPS, rats were intraprostatically injected with zymosan or saline, serving as control. Metabolic cage experiments were performed 7, 14, or 21 days after zymosan injection and after 14 days in the control group. Thereafter, cystometry was performed in which simulated micturition cycles were induced by saline infusion and contractile responses to the cholinergic agonist methacholine and the purinergic agonist ATP were measured. Following cystometry, the prostate and urinary bladder were excised and assessed histopathologically for possible inflammatory changes. RESULTS Metabolic cage data revealed a significantly increased urinary frequency in zymosan treated rats. Likewise, the volume per micturition was significantly lower in all CPPS groups compared to controls. Cystometry showed a significant increase in the number of nonvoiding contractions, longer voiding time, and a trend towards lower compliance in CPPS rats compared to controls. Induction of CPPS led to significantly reduced cholinergic and purinergic contractile responses. Histopathological analysis demonstrated prostatic inflammation in all CPPS groups, in particular in later stage groups. Both the extent and grade of bladder inflammation were significantly higher in CPPS groups compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS The current findings demonstrate a potential prostate-to-bladder cross-sensitization leading to symptoms of bladder overactivity and signs of bladder inflammation. Future clinical studies are required to verify the outcomes of the current study and enable advancement of patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozgu Aydogdu
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pinar Uyar Gocun
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Carlsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Winder
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Murillo MDP, Aronsson P, Winder M, Carlsson T. Desipramine, commonly used as a noradrenergic neuroprotectant in 6-OHDA-lesions, leads to local functional changes in the urinary bladder and gastrointestinal tract in healthy rats. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05472. [PMID: 33251357 PMCID: PMC7679251 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) rat model is one of the most common animal models of Parkinson's disease. When experimentally inducing dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the nigrostriatal pathway using 6-OHDA, the noradrenergic reuptake inhibitor desipramine is often systemically injected in order to protect against damages to the noradrenergic system in the brain. An increasing number of studies are focusing on understanding the pathophysiological changes underlying autonomic non-motor symptoms, in particular urinary bladder and gastrointestinal dysfunctions, of the disease. Several of these studies have investigated the contractile properties and the activation of smooth muscle in the 6-OHDA rat model. Since the injection of desipramine is commonly placed in close proximity to the urinary bladder and gastrointestinal tract, in the current study we wanted to understand if the drug alone has an effect. For this, we have injected a single dose (25 mg/kg) of desipramine either intraperitonially or subcutaneously and investigated smooth muscle contractility in vitro in the urinary bladder, proximal colon and distal ileum four weeks post injection. Our data show that desipramine significantly alters smooth muscle contractility of the urinary bladder and proximal colon in healthy rats. Conclusively, we suggest, based on our data, that desipramine should be omitted when using the 6-OHDA rat model to investigate smooth muscle function in Parkinson's disease research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Del Pilar Murillo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Winder
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Carlsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 431, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Sato MA, De Luca LA, Aronsson P, Chess-Williams R. Editorial: Novel Mechanisms Involved in Urinary Bladder Control: Advances in Neural, Humoral and Local Factors Underlying Function and Disease. Front Physiol 2020; 11:606265. [PMID: 33304276 PMCID: PMC7693534 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.606265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Monica A Sato
- Department of Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitario Saude ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Laurival A De Luca
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araraquara, Brazil
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Russ Chess-Williams
- Faculty of Health Sciences & Medicine, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
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Stenqvist J, Carlsson T, Winder M, Aronsson P. Functional atropine sensitive purinergic responses in the healthy rat bladder. Auton Neurosci 2020; 227:102693. [PMID: 32563054 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2020.102693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
While acetylcholine is regarded to be the main directly contractile transmitter substance in the urinary bladder, interactions with other transmitters likely occur. Presently, the interplay between purinergic and cholinergic signalling was investigated to unravel the involvement of the urothelium and efferent neurons in the functionally important purinergically evoked release of acetylcholine in vitro. Functional characterization of receptor subtypes involved in this interplay was also performed. In vitro organ bath experiments with electrical field stimulation (EFS) or administration of agonist were performed in the absence and presence of the neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (TTX; 5 × 10-7 M) and/or receptor antagonists, in intact and urothelium-denuded full thickness rat bladder strip preparations. Interestingly, functional contractions to ATP (10-6-10-3 M) remained unaffected by TTX, but were significantly lowered in the presence of the muscarinic antagonist atropine (10-6 M). However, in urothelium-denuded strip preparations, this latter phenomenon was not present and the ATP response remained unaltered. To rule out purinergic interference caused by break-down of ATP, experiments were performed in which the stable ATP-analogue αβMeATP (10-7-10-5 M) gave rise to functional atropine-sensitive contractions. Furthermore, contractions to ATP were not affected by P2Y6 purinoceptor blockade (by MRS2578; 10-7, 10-5 M), nor were relaxatory responses to ATP sensitive to atropine, PPADS (3 × 10-5 M) or αβMeATP. Lastly, relaxations to ADP (10-6-10-3 M) or NECA (10-8-10-5 M) were unaltered by the presence of atropine. To conclude, purinergic functional contractile, but not relaxatory, responses are supported by the cholinergic transmitter system in vitro, through non-neuronal mechanisms in the urothelium. Involved purinoceptors are of the P2X-subtype, most likely P2X1 and/or P2X3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Stenqvist
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 431, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Carlsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 431, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Michael Winder
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 431, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 431, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Stenqvist J, Aronsson P, Carlsson T, Winder M, Tobin G. In vivo paracrine effects of ATP-induced urothelial acetylcholine in the rat urinary bladder. Auton Neurosci 2020; 227:102689. [PMID: 32473532 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2020.102689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stretch of the urothelium induces the release of ATP that activates bladder afferent nerves. In the rat urinary bladder, ATP is also a contractile co-transmitter in the parasympathetic innervation. In isolated preparations, ATP evokes a urothelial release of acetylcholine that substantially contributes to ATP-evoked contractile responses. Currently we aimed to further examine the interactions of ATP and acetylcholine in the rat urinary bladder in two in vivo models. In the whole bladder preparation, atropine reduced ATP-evoked responses by about 50% in intact but denervated bladders, while atropine had no effect after denudation of the urothelium. In a split bladder preparation, reflex-evoked responses of the contralateral half were studied by applying stimuli (agonists or stretch) to the ipsilateral half. Topical administration of ATP and methacholine as well as of stretch induced contralateral reflex-evoked contractions. While topical administration of atropine ipsilaterally reduced the ATP- and stretch-induced contralateral contractions by 27 and 39%, respectively, the P2X purinoceptor antagonist PPADS reduced them by 74 and 84%. In contrary, the muscarinic M2-(M4)-selective receptor antagonist methoctramine increased the responses by 38% (ATP) and 75% (stretch). Pirenzepine (M1-selective antagonist) had no effect on the reflex. In vitro, in the absence of the reflex, methoctramine did not affect the ATP-induced responses. It is concluded that urothelial ATP potently induces the micturition reflex and stimulates urothelial release of acetylcholine. Acetylcholine subsequently acts on afferents and on the detrusor muscle. While muscarinic M2 and/or M4 receptors in the sensory innervation exert inhibitory modulation, muscarinic M3 receptors cause excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Stenqvist
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 431, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 431, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Carlsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 431, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Winder
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 431, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Tobin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 431, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Cafarchio EM, da Silva LA, Auresco LC, Rodart IF, de Souza JS, Antonio BB, Venancio DP, Maifrino LBM, Maciel RMB, Giannocco G, Aronsson P, Sato MA. Oxytocin Reduces Intravesical Pressure in Anesthetized Female Rats: Action on Oxytocin Receptors of the Urinary Bladder. Front Physiol 2020; 11:382. [PMID: 32435202 PMCID: PMC7218109 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Urinary bladder dysfunction affects several people worldwide and shows higher prevalence in women. Micturition is dependent on the Barrington’s nucleus, pontine urine storage center and periaqueductal gray matter, but other brain stem areas are involved in the bladder regulation. Neurons in the medulla oblongata send projections to hypothalamic nuclei as the supraoptic nucleus, which synthetizes oxytocin and in its turn, this peptide is released in the circulation. We investigated the effects of intravenous injection of oxytocin (OT) on the urinary bladder in sham and ovariectomized rats. We also evaluated the topical (in situ) action of OT on intravesical pressure (IP) as well as the existence of oxytocin receptors in the urinary bladder. In sham female Wistar rats, anesthetized with isoflurane, intravenous infusion of OT (10 ng/kg) significantly decreased the IP (–47.5 ± 1.2%) compared to saline (3.4 ± 0.7%). Similar effect in IP was observed in ovariectomized rats after i.v. OT (–41.9 ± 2.9%) compared to saline (0.5 ± 0.6%). Topical administration (in situ) of 0.1 mL of OT (1.0 ng/mL) significantly reduced the IP (22.3.0 ± 0.6%) compared to saline (0.9 ± 0.7%). We also found by qPCR that the gene expression of oxytocin receptor is present in this tissue. Blockade of oxytocin receptors significantly attenuated the reduction in IP evoked by oxytocin i.v. or in situ. Therefore, the findings suggest that (1) intravenous oxytocin decreases IP due to bladder relaxation and (2) OT has local bladder effect, binding directly in receptors located in the bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo M Cafarchio
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Luiz A da Silva
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Luciana C Auresco
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Itatiana F Rodart
- Department Collective Health, Human Reproduction and Genetics Center, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno B Antonio
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Venancio
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Laura B M Maifrino
- Laboratory of Histomophometry, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui M B Maciel
- Department Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele Giannocco
- Department Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Monica A Sato
- Department Morphology and Physiology, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário Saúde ABC, Santo André, Brazil
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Patel B, Perez F, Aronsson P, Alothmani R, Carlsson T, Winder M. Combination drug therapy against OAB normalizes micturition parameters and increases the release of nitric oxide during chemically induced cystitis. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2020; 8:e00564. [PMID: 32030913 PMCID: PMC7005531 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, monotherapy is the most common pharmacological treatment option for patients suffering from overactive bladder (OAB). Recent reports have indicated potential benefits of combination therapy, using a muscarinic antagonist and a β3 -adrenoceptor agonist. This may be of particular interest for therapy-resistant patients with OAB and concomitant cystitis. The objective of the current study was to assess how combination therapy affects bladder parameters in health and cystitis and if the efficacy of the drugs can be linked to altered release of nitric oxide (NO). Rats were pretreated with either a combination of the muscarinic antagonist tolterodine and β3 -selective adrenoceptor agonist mirabegron or saline for 10 days. Forty-eight hours prior to assessing micturition parameters in a metabolic cage, the rats were intraperitoneally injected with cyclophosphamide, causing cystitis, or saline. Urine samples were collected and analyzed for NO content. Bladder contractile properties were assessed in an organ bath setup. Induction of cystitis led to bladder overactivity. Combination therapy normalized bladder parameters. Both induction of cystitis and drug treatment increased the release of NO. The innate contractile properties of the bladder were unaffected by combination therapy. This study demonstrates positive effects of combination drug therapy on symptoms of OAB, possibly indicating it to be a good option for treatment of OAB during concomitant cystitis. It remains to be determined if increased release of NO is crucial for successful pharmacological treatment of bladder overactivity during cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavik Patel
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of BrightonBrightonUK
- Centre for Stress and Age‐Related DiseasesUniversity of BrightonBrightonUK
| | - Fernando Perez
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomolecular SciencesUniversity of BrightonBrightonUK
- Centre for Stress and Age‐Related DiseasesUniversity of BrightonBrightonUK
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Ranya Alothmani
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Thomas Carlsson
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - Michael Winder
- Department of PharmacologyInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyThe Sahlgrenska AcademyUniversity of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
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Magaldi FM, Moreno M, Magaldi CM, Cafarchio EM, Aronsson P, Sato MA, Maifrino LBM. Resistance Exercise Evokes Changes on Urinary Bladder Function and Morphology in Hypoestrogen Rats. Front Physiol 2020; 10:1605. [PMID: 32063862 PMCID: PMC7000622 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum levels of estrogen decrease at climacterium and directly interfere with the urogenital tract. Urinary bladder (UB) is responsive to hormonal changes, especially estrogen. Resistance exercise elicits benefits on severe chronic diseases. Nevertheless, it is still unclear whether the resistance exercise directly affects the UB in ovariectomized (OVx) rats. This study focused on investigating the effects of resistance exercise on UB function and morphology in OVx and control rats. Adult female Wistar rats (∼250-300 g, 14-16 weeks old) [control (n = 20) and OVx (n = 20)] were divided in the following groups: sedentary (SED), and trained over 1 week (acute), 3 weeks (intermediate), and 10 weeks (chronic). Training was carried out in a ladder, with six bouts in alternate days with 75% of body weight load attached to the tail of the animal. Afterward, the animals were isoflurane anesthetized for evaluation of intravesical pressure (IP) changes upon topical administration of acetylcholine (Ach) and noradrenaline (NE) on the UB. At the end of the experiment, the UB was harvested for histological analysis and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and picrosirius red. Ach increased the IP in both OVx and control rats, whereas NE decreased the IP. However, the acute and intermediate groups showed attenuated responses to Ach and NE, while the chronic groups recovered the responses to Ach and NE close to those observed in SED groups. Acute and intermediate groups also showed decreased thickness of the muscular layer, with a reversal of the process with chronic training. In the OVx groups, the acute training reduced the thickness of the smooth muscle and mucosal layers, whereas chronic training increased it. Urothelium thickness decreased in the OVx SED and acute groups. Collagen type I fibers (CI-F) reduced in OVx SED acute and intermediate groups, while collagen type III fibers (CIII-F) increased in the OVx acute group. In the mucosal layer, the volume density of CFs reduced in OVx rats compared to control groups and chronic training resulted in their recovery. Our data suggest that chronic resistance exercise for 10 weeks reversed the functional and morphological changes caused by hypoestrogenism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M Magaldi
- Laboratório de Análise Morfoquantitativa e Imunoistoquímica, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monise Moreno
- Laboratório de Análise Morfoquantitativa e Imunoistoquímica, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristiane M Magaldi
- Laboratório de Análise Morfoquantitativa e Imunoistoquímica, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Cafarchio
- Deptartamento Morfologia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário Saude ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Monica A Sato
- Deptartamento Morfologia e Fisiologia, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Centro Universitário Saude ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Laura B M Maifrino
- Laboratório de Análise Morfoquantitativa e Imunoistoquímica, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, São Paulo, Brazil
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Aronsson P, Zetterqvist A, Baeckström D. Patterns in Swedish pharmacy students' performance and attitudes towards their education. Curr Pharm Teach Learn 2019; 11:433-449. [PMID: 31171245 DOI: 10.1016/j.cptl.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For some time, our faculty have expressed concerns regarding an apparent decrease in pharmacy students' academic productivity and performance. This study aimed to elucidate present conditions and suggest suitable interventions to improve the pharmacy program. METHODS Student cohorts starting the pharmacy program from 2009 to 2014 were followed with respect to performance in two courses (earlier and later). The students were segmented by entry qualifications, age, gender, etc. Eight students were further interviewed about their attitudes regarding their education. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Achievement in the earlier course fell sharply over time, despite basically unchanged entry grade levels, increasing the workload for both teachers and students. This decrease was greater for male students. In the later course, the overall achievement level was higher, possibly due to less successful students dropping out. Subgrouping of students revealed differences in study achievement depending on age, gender, study program entrance qualifications, and admission "ranking". In the interviews, students frequently stressed that connections to their future profession should be clearer and appear earlier in the program. Furthermore, students claimed that lectures with many attendees prevent peer learning and suggested that smaller groups be formed to foster cooperation and unity within the program. Remaining within their original cohort was viewed as very important by most students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 431, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ann Zetterqvist
- Department of Pedagogical, Curricular and Professional Studies, Faculty of Education at the University of Gothenburg, Box 300, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Dan Baeckström
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 440, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Stenqvist J, Winder M, Carlsson T, Aronsson P, Tobin G. Urothelial acetylcholine involvement in ATP-induced contractile responses of the rat urinary bladder. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 809:253-260. [PMID: 28551011 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Both acetylcholine and adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) are released from the urothelium. In in vivo experiments ATP has been shown to evoke contractile responses that are significantly reduced by atropine. Currently, we aimed to examine the cholinergic part of the ATP-evoked contractile response of normal and inflamed (cyclophosphamide-treated rats) bladders. A whole bladder preparation that enabled drug administration either outside or inside the urinary bladder was used. The responses were examined in bladders from control and cyclophosphamide-treated rats that were either intact or urothelium-denuded. The expression of choline acetyltransferase and carnitine acetyltransferase were examined by Western blotting of normal and inflamed bladders. Methacholine evoked larger contractions when administered to the outside of the bladder in comparison to instillation. For ATP, an opposite trend emerged. While atropine substantially reduced the ATP-induced responses at internal administration (7.4±1.1 and 3.7±0.9 mN at 10-3M; n=13; P<0.001), it had no effect when administered outside the bladder. The removal of the urothelium caused a similar reduction of the responses to internal administration of ATP as caused by atropine. In cyclophosphamide-treated rats, neither atropine nor urothelium-denudation had any effect on the ATP-evoked responses. No changes in the expressions of the acetylcholine synthesising enzymes were observed. The current study shows that ATP induces a release of urothelial acetylcholine that contributes to the purinergic contractile response in the rat urinary bladder. This atropine-sensitive part of the purinergic contractile response is absent in the inflamed bladder. This may be one pathological mechanism involved in bladder dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Stenqvist
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 431, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Michael Winder
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 431, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Thomas Carlsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 431, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 431, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Gunnar Tobin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 431, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Winder M, Vesela R, Aronsson P, Patel B, Carlsson T. Autonomic Receptor-mediated Regulation of Production and Release of Nitric Oxide in Normal and Malignant Human Urothelial Cells. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 121:257-265. [PMID: 28437032 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.12799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the urinary bladder, the main source of NO seems to be the urothelium and the underlying suburothelium. In this study, we aimed to characterize how receptors in the human urothelium regulate the production and release of NO. For this, we cultured two human urothelial cell lines - the normal immortalized cell line UROtsa and the malignant cell line T24. These were treated with an array of agonists and antagonists with affinity for adrenergic, muscarinic and purinergic receptors. The production of NO and expression of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was studied by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. The amount of released NO was measured indirectly by detecting nitrite using amperometry and a Griess reaction kit. The results showed that NO, endothelial NOS and inducible NOS were predominantly produced and expressed in the close vicinity of the nucleus in untreated human urothelial cells. Upon treatment with a beta-adrenoceptor agonist, but not any of the other agonists or antagonists, the pattern of NO production changed, showing a more even production throughout the cytosol. The pattern of expression of endothelial NOS changed in a similar way upon dobutamine treatment. The release of nitrite, as a measurement of NO, increased after treatment with dobutamine from 0.31 ± 0.029 to 1.97 ± 0.18 nmol and 0.80 ± 0.12 to 3.27 ± 0.24 nmol in UROtsa and T24, respectively. In conclusion, our results show that the expression of NOS and production of NO as well as the release of NO from human urothelial cells is regulated by beta-adrenoceptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Winder
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Renata Vesela
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bhavik Patel
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton, UK
| | - Thomas Carlsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Winder M, Wasén C, Aronsson P, Giglio D. Proliferation of the human urothelium is induced by atypical β1 -adrenoceptors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 35:32-40. [PMID: 26913580 DOI: 10.1111/aap.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 01/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We wanted to assess whether β-adrenoceptors mediate proliferation in the normal and malignant urothelial cell lines UROtsa and T24, respectively. Urothelial cells were cultured for 24 h in the presence of the β-adrenoceptor agonists isoprenaline (β1/2/3 ), dobutamine (β1 ), salbutamol (β2 ), BRL 37344 (β3 ), CGP 12177 (a partial β-agonist) or β-adrenoceptor antagonists (metoprolol; β1 , propranolol; β1/2 ). Phosphorylation of kinases was screened with a Human Phospho-Kinase Array Kit (R&D systems). Intracellular pathways activated by proliferation of urothelial cells were characterized by incubating cells with the MEK1/2 inhibitor PD 98,059, the p38 kinase inhibitor losmapimod or with the Akt 1/2 kinase inhibitor. Proliferation was assessed with the MTT proliferation assay (ATCC). Western blot and immunocytochemistry were used for detection of the β1 -adrenoceptor. Isoprenaline and dobutamine induced proliferation, while salbutamol and BRL 37344 did not. Dobutamine-induced proliferation was not affected by metoprolol or propranolol but was instead antagonized by CGP 12177 in T24 but not in UROtsa. In response to stimulation with dobutamine, Akt1/2/3 was phosphorylated in UROtsa, while ERK1/2 and p38 were phosphorylated in T24. MEK1/2 inhibition blocked basal and dobutamine-induced proliferation in T24 but only basal proliferation in UROtsa. Losmapimod slightly inhibited basal proliferation in T24 but not dobutamine-induced proliferation. Akt 1/2 inhibitor blocked basal and dobutamine-induced proliferation in UROtsa. Immunocytochemistry and Western blot revealed expression of β1 -adrenoceptors in both urothelial cell lines. The present data show that the urothelium expresses atypical β1-adrenoceptors that activate intracellular kinases inducing urothelial proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Winder
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 13, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Wasén
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10 A, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - P Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 13, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - D Giglio
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 13, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Aronsson P, Booth S, Hägg S, Kjellgren K, Zetterqvist A, Tobin G, Reis M. The understanding of core pharmacological concepts among health care students in their final semester. BMC Med Educ 2015; 15:235. [PMID: 26715297 PMCID: PMC4696213 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-015-0522-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overall aim of the study was to explore health care students´ understanding of core concepts in pharmacology. METHOD An interview study was conducted among twelve students in their final semester of the medical program (n = 4), the nursing program (n = 4), and the specialist nursing program in primary health care (n = 4) from two Swedish universities. The participants were individually presented with two pharmacological clinically relevant written patient cases, which they were to analyze and propose a solution to. Participants were allowed to use the Swedish national drug formulary. Immediately thereafter the students were interviewed about their assessments. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. A thematic analysis was used to identify units of meaning in each interview. The units were organized into three clusters: pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, and drug interactions. Subsequent procedure consisted of scoring the quality of students´ understanding of core concepts. Non-parametric statistics were employed. RESULTS The study participants were in general able to define pharmacological concepts, but showed less ability to discuss the meaning of the concepts in depth and to implement these in a clinical context. The participants found it easier to grasp concepts related to pharmacodynamics than pharmacokinetics and drug interactions. CONCLUSION These results indicate that education aiming to prepare future health care professionals for understanding of more complex pharmacological reasoning and decision-making needs to be more focused and effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Aronsson
- Department Pharmacology, Institution of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Shirley Booth
- Department Pedagogical, Curricular and Professional Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- School of Education, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Staffan Hägg
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Drug Research/Clinical Pharmacology, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Karin Kjellgren
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Drug Research/Clinical Pharmacology, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Ann Zetterqvist
- Department Pedagogical, Curricular and Professional Studies, Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Gunnar Tobin
- Department Pharmacology, Institution of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Margareta Reis
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Division of Drug Research/Clinical Pharmacology, Linköping University, 581 85, Linköping, Sweden.
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Johnsson M, Aronsson P, Tobin G, Winder M. Functional and morphological characterization of muscarinic receptors in the rat lacrimal gland. Auton Neurosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.07.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Stenqvist J, Winder M, Johnsson M, Tobin G, Aronsson P. ATP evokes cholinergic contraction in the healthy, but not inflamed, intact rat urinary bladder. Auton Neurosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zetterqvist A, Aronsson P, Hägg S, Kjellgren K, Reis M, Tobin G, Booth S. On the pedagogy of pharmacological communication: a study of final semester health science students. BMC Med Educ 2015; 15:186. [PMID: 26502921 PMCID: PMC4621880 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-015-0467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to improve design in educational programmes for the health sciences in general and in pharmacology specifically. The objective of this study was to investigate and problematize pharmacological communication in educational programmes for the health sciences. METHODS An interview study was carried out where final semester students from programmes for the medical, nursing and specialist nursing in primary health care professions were asked to discuss the pharmacological aspects of two written case descriptions of the kind they would meet in their everyday work. The study focused on the communication they envisaged taking place on the concerns the patients were voicing, in terms of two features: how communication would take place and what would be the content of the communication. A phenomenographic research approach was used. RESULTS The results are presented as outcome spaces, sets of categories that describe the variation of ways in which the students voiced their understanding of communication in the two case descriptions and showed the qualitatively distinct ways in which the features of communication were experienced. CONCLUSIONS The results offer a base of understanding the students' perspectives on communication that they will take with them into their professional lives. We indicate that there is room for strengthening communication skills in the field of pharmacology, integrating them into programmes of education, by more widely implementing a problem-based, a case-oriented or role-playing pedagogy where final year students work across specialisations and there is a deliberate effort to evoke and assess advanced conceptions and skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Zetterqvist
- Department of Pedagogical, Curricular and Professional Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Staffan Hägg
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Drug Research/Clinical Pharmacology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Karin Kjellgren
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Drug Research/Clinical Pharmacology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Margareta Reis
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Division of Drug Research/Clinical Pharmacology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Gunnar Tobin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Shirley Booth
- Department of Pedagogical, Curricular and Professional Studies, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- School of Education, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
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Mitra R, Aronsson P, Winder M, Tobin G, Bergquist F, Carlsson T. Local Change in Urinary Bladder Contractility Following CNS Dopamine Denervation in the 6-OHDA Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease. J Parkinsons Dis 2015; 5:301-11. [PMID: 25697958 PMCID: PMC4923752 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-140509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urinary problems, including urinary frequency, urgency, and nocturia are some of the non-motor symptoms that correlate most with poor quality of life in Parkinson's disease. However, the mechanism behind these symptoms is poorly understood, in particular regarding peripheral bladder pathophysiology following dopamine degeneration. OBJECTIVE In this study, we compared the contractile responsiveness of urinary bladder from the 6-OHDA unilateral rat model of Parkinson's disease with that of normal untreated animals. METHODS The contractility of the urinary detrusor muscle was evaluated in bladder strip preparations using electrical field stimulation, and muscarinic and purinoceptor stimulations in an vitro organ bath setup. RESULTS Our data show that the overall contractile response following electrical field stimulation was significantly higher (43% at maximum contraction by 20-40 Hz stimulation) in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rats as compared to control animals. This increase was associated with a significant increase in the cholinergic contractile response, where the muscarinic agonist methacholine produced a 44% (at 10 -4 M concentration) higher response in the 6-OHDA-treated rats as compared to controls with a significant left-shift of the dose response. This indicates an altered sensitivity of the muscarinic receptor system following the specific central 6-OHDA-induced dopamine depletion. In addition a 36% larger contraction of strips from the 6-OHDA animals was also observed with purinoceptor activation using the agonist ATP (5×10 -3 M) during atropine treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our data shows that it is not only the central dopamine control of the micturition reflex that is altered in Parkinson's disease, but also the local contractile function of the urinary bladder. The current study draws attention to a mechanism of urinary dysfunction in Parkinson's disease that has previously not been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reinika Mitra
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Winder
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Gunnar Tobin
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Filip Bergquist
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Carlsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Aronsson P, Carlsson T, Winder M, Tobin G. Cyclophosphamide-induced alterations of the micturition reflex in a novel in situ urinary bladder model in the anesthetized rat. Neurourol Urodyn 2014; 34:375-80. [PMID: 24481868 DOI: 10.1002/nau.22562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis alterations have been reported to occur both at efferent and afferent level in the micturition reflex arc. In particular, the stretching of the bladder wall causing urothelial release of ATP has been proposed as one of the pivotal mechanisms causing these alterations. To evaluate functional changes at efferent and afferent levels of the micturition reflex following cyclophosphamide treatment we have applied a novel in situ half bladder rat model. METHODS Male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either saline or cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg), and stretch-, electric-, methacholine-, and ATP-induced responses were thereafter measured at 60-72 hr postinjection under pentobarbitone anesthesia. In the novel in situ half bladder model, the urinary bladder was prepared via a midline incision, where the two halves were separated all the way to the urethra as previously described. RESULTS Following bladder stretch of 30-80 mN, of the half that was not used for tension measurement, the cyclophosphamide-treated animals evoked significant two- to threefold larger contractile responses as compared to saline-treated control animals. A sensitization of the afferent arm was shown in cyclophosphamide-treated animals, since afferent stimulation evoked similar responses as in control animals despite that the efferent pelvic nerve stimulation displayed a lower contraction-frequency relationship in cyclophosphamide-treated animals. Atropine reduced the stretch(reflex)-evoked contraction by up to 50% in control and 75-80% in cyclophosphamide-treated rats. Subsequent addition of PPADS further reduced the contractions. CONCLUSION The micturition reflex response is increased following cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis, as compared to control. The likely cause is sensitization at mechanosensor level in the micturition arc, which overrides the decrement of the efferent cholinergic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Reis M, Aronsson P, Booth S, Hägg S, Tobin G, Zetterqvist A, Kjellgren K. [Easier for students to reproduce facts than to draw their own conclusions]. Lakartidningen 2013; 110:2156-2157. [PMID: 24432492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Margareta Reis
- Läkemedelsforskning/klinisk farmakologi, Hälsouniversitetet, Linköping.
| | - Patrik Aronsson
- Institutionen för neurovetenskap och fysiologi, Sahlgrenska akademien, Göteborgs universitet
| | - Shirley Booth
- Institutionen för didaktik och pedagogisk profession, Göteborgs universitet
| | - Staffan Hägg
- Läkemedels-forskning/kliniskfarmakologi, Hälsouniversitetet, Linköping
| | - Gunnar Tobin
- Institutionen för neurovetenskap och fysiologi, Sahlgrenska akademien, Göteborgs universitet
| | - Ann Zetterqvist
- Högskolelektor, institutionen för didaktik och pedagogisk profession, Göteborgs universitet
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Aronsson P, Johnsson M, Vesela R, Winder M, Tobin G. Adenosine receptor antagonism suppresses functional and histological inflammatory changes in the rat urinary bladder. Auton Neurosci 2012; 171:49-57. [PMID: 23142515 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2012.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/18/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CYP) induces an interstitial cystitis-like inflammation. The resulting bladder dysfunction has been associated with increased release of adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), structural bladder wall changes and contractile impairment. Due to the inflammatory modulatory effects of purines it was presently wondered if pre-treatment with P1 and P2 purinoceptor antagonists affect the CYP-induced alterations. Rats were pre-treated with saline or antagonists for five days, and 60 h before the in vitro functional examination the rats were administered either saline or CYP. Histological examination revealed CYP-induced bladder wall thickening largely depending on submucosal enlargement, mast cell invasion of the detrusor muscle, increase in muscarinic M5 receptor expression and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) occurrence in large parts of the urothelium. Functionally, methacholine- and ATP-evoked contractions were smaller in urinary bladders from CYP-treated rats. Pre-treatment with the P2 purinoceptor antagonist suramin and the P1A2B antagonist PSB1115 did not to any great extent affect the CYP-induced changes. The P1A1 antagonist DPCPX, however, abolished the difference of methacholine-evoked contractions between saline- and CYP-treated rats. ATP-evoked contractions were reduced in control after the DPCPX pre-treatment, but not in cystitis. The functional observations for DPCPX were supported by its suppression of CYP-induced submucosal thickening, muscarinic M5 receptor expression and, possibly, detrusor mast cell infiltration and the spread of urothelial MIF occurrence. Thus, P1A1 is an important pro-inflammatory receptor in the acute CYP-induced cystitis and a P1A1 blockade during the initial phase may suppress CYP-induced cystitis. P1A1 purinoceptors seem to regulate contractility in healthy and in inflamed rat urinary bladders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Box 431, SE-40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Andersson M, Aronsson P, Doufish D, Lampert A, Tobin G. Muscarinic receptor subtypes involved in urothelium-derived relaxatory effects in the inflamed rat urinary bladder. Auton Neurosci 2012; 170:5-11. [PMID: 22789737 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2012.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Functional studies have shown altered cholinergic mechanisms in the inflamed bladder, which partly depend on muscarinic receptor-induced release of nitric oxide (NO). The current study aimed to characterize which muscarinic receptor subtypes that are involved in the regulation of the nitrergic effects in the bladder cholinergic response during cystitis. For this purpose, in vitro examinations of carbachol-evoked contractions of inflamed and normal bladder preparations were performed. The effects of antagonists with different selectivity for the receptor subtypes were assessed on intact and urothelium-denuded bladder preparations. In preparations from cyclophosphamide (CYP; in order to induce cystitis) pre-treated rats, the response to carbachol was about 75% of that of normal preparations. Removal of the urothelium or administration of a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor re-established the responses in the inflamed preparations. Administration of 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine (4-DAMP) inhibited the carbachol-induced contractile responses of preparations from CYP pre-treated rats less potently than controls. Pirenzepine and p-fluoro-hexahydro-sila-diphenidol (pFHHSiD) affected the carbachol-induced contractile responses to similar extents in preparations of CYP pre-treated and control rats. However, the Schild slopes for the three antagonists were all significantly different from unity in the preparations from CYP pre-treated rats. Again, L-NNA or removal of the urothelium eliminated any difference compared to normal preparations. This study confirms that muscarinic receptor stimulation in the inflamed rat urinary bladder induces urothelial release of NO, which counteracts detrusor contraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Andersson
- Department of Pharmacology, the Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Veselá R, Asklund H, Aronsson P, Johnsson M, Wsol V, Andersson M, Tobin G. Coupled nitric oxide and autonomic receptor functional responses in the normal and inflamed urinary bladder of the rat. Physiol Res 2012; 61:371-80. [PMID: 22670695 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Both divisions of the autonomic nervous system are involved in regulation of urinary bladder function. Several substances, other than noradrenaline and acetylcholine, seem to play important roles in physiology and pathophysiology of lower urinary tract. In the current study, we aimed to examine if there exist interplays between nitric oxide (NO) and autonomic transmitters and if such interactions vary in different parts of the urinary bladder in healthy and cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitic rats; when administered to the animals (100 mg/kg; i.p.), the cytotoxic CYP metabolite acrolein induces bladder inflammation. In the current study a series of in vitro functional studies were performed on detrusor muscle strip preparations. Stimulation with electrical field stimulation (EFS), methacholine, adenosine 5´-triphosphate (ATP), and adrenaline evoked contractile responses in isolated bladder preparations that were significantly reduced in cyclophosphamide (CYP)-treated rats. While the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA; 10(-4) M) did not affect contractile responses in normal, healthy strip preparations, it significantly increased the contractile responses to EFS, methacholine and adrenaline, but not to ATP, in the bladders from the CYP-treated rats. In the CYP-treated rats, the ATP-evoked relaxatory part of its dual response (an initial contraction followed by a relaxation) was 6-fold increased in comparison with that of normal preparations, whereas the isoprenaline relaxation was halved in the CYP-treated. While L-NNA (10(-4) M) had no effect on the isoprenaline-evoked relaxations, it reduced the ATP-evoked relaxations in strip preparations from the bladder body of CYP-treated rats. Stimulation of beta(2)- and beta(3)-adrenoceptors evoked relaxations and both responses were reduced in cystitis, the latter to a larger extent. In the trigone, the reduced ATP-evoked contractile response in the inflamed strips was increased by L-NNA, while L-NNA had no effect on the ATP-evoked relaxations, neither on the relaxations in healthy nor on the larger relaxations in the inflamed trigone. The study shows that both contractile and relaxatory functions are altered in the state of inflammation. The parasympathetic nerve-mediated contractions of the body of the bladder, evoked by the release of ATP and acetylcholine, were substantially reduced in cystitis. The relaxations to beta-adrenoceptor and purinoceptor stimulation were also reduced but only the ATP-evoked relaxation involved NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Veselá
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Vesela R, Aronsson P, Andersson M, Wsol V, Tobin G. The potential of non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic targets in the treatment of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome. J Physiol Pharmacol 2012; 63:209-216. [PMID: 22791634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 06/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of bladder function involves both divisions of the autonomic nervous system. However, in addition to the classical autonomic transmitters, noradrenaline and acetylcholine, other autonomic transmitters and other signalling components play important roles in physiology and pathophysiology of the lower urinary tract. Several substances of neuronal non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic (NANC) systems have already proven to considerably influence functional responses in the inflamed urinary bladder. Interstitial cystitis (IC) or painful bladder syndrome (PBS) is a chronic inflammatory bladder disease, characterized by urinary frequency, urgency and pelvic pain. IC/PBS is difficult to diagnose, especially because the etiology of the condition is largely unknown. Despite the unclear nature of the cause and manifestation of IC/PBS, it has been shown that the disease involves a significant NANC component. Here, we review the possible roles of ATP, adenosine, nitric oxide, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide in the contribution to IC/PBS development and manifestation of IC/PBS symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vesela
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
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36
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Andersson M, Aronsson P, Giglio D, Tobin G. Autonomic receptor-mediated influence on the proliferation of the human bladder urothelial UROtsa and T24 cell lines. Auton Neurosci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2011.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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37
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Aronsson P, Vesela R, Andersson M, Tobin G. Pre-treatment with purinergic antagonists alters the functional response to methacholine in the inflamed rat urinary bladder. Auton Neurosci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2011.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Dimitriou I, Aronsson P. Landfill leachate treatment with willows and poplars--efficiency and plant response. Waste Manag 2010; 30:2137-2145. [PMID: 20650625 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2010.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 06/08/2010] [Accepted: 06/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Irrigation of willow and poplar short-rotation coppice with landfill leachate is an increasingly interesting treatment option. Minimal leaching to groundwater and disturbance to plant growth must be ensured, but in such systems, where various site-specific factors interact, a case-specific approach is needed to determine potential hazards. This paper compares the effect of leachate irrigation on willow grown in clay lysimeters and poplar grown in sand lysimeters. Leachate irrigation increased willow biomass production, but not that of poplar. Near-zero nitrate-N concentrations were found in drainage water for both species after 2 years of irrigation. Ability to retain total N and P, and TOC was relatively high for willow, taking into account the large amounts supplied, and better than for poplar. To reduce environmental risks the irrigation load should be reduced, but if leachate concentrations are reduced, the irrigation load can be as high as 6mm/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Dimitriou
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ecology Building, P.O. Box 7043, SE 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
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39
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Andersson M, Aronsson P, Giglio D, Wilhelmson A, Jeřábek P, Tobin G. Pharmacological modulation of the micturition pattern in normal and cyclophosphamide pre-treated conscious rats. Auton Neurosci 2010; 159:77-83. [PMID: 20851691 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2010.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we wanted to assess the influence of muscarinic receptors, nitric oxide and purinoceptors on the micturition pattern of conscious normal and cyclophosphamide (CYP) pre-treated rats. The micturition parameters were assessed using a metabolic cage. Rats were pre-treated with either saline or CYP, to induce cystitis, followed by treatment with either the muscarinic M1/M3/M5 receptor antagonist 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine (4-DAMP), the nitric oxide synthase blocker N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl (L-NAME), the P2 purinoceptor antagonist pyridoxalphosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulfonic acid (PPADS) or a combination of 4-DAMP with PPADS or L-NAME. Voiding volumes per micturition event were significantly lower in CYP pre-treated than in saline pre-treated rats. Neither 4-DAMP nor L-NAME had any effect in the normal rats, whereas PPADS reduced the micturition volume per event. In CYP pre-treated rats, 4-DAMP and L-NAME significantly increased voiding volumes per event and micturition frequency, respectively. 4-DAMP dose-dependently reduced the differences in micturition activity between saline and CYP pre-treated rats. We show that cystitis changes the urodynamics in conscious rats and that this change seems to depend on the production of NO and on altered muscarinic receptor effects. The altered muscarinic receptor responses are likely to per se involve NO-mediated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Andersson
- Department of Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Aronsson P, Andersson M, Ericsson T, Giglio D. Assessment and characterization of purinergic contractions and relaxations in the rat urinary bladder. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2010; 107:603-13. [PMID: 20406212 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00554.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to assess the purinoceptor functional responses of the urinary bladder by using isolated rat urinary bladder strip preparations. ATP elicited a transient bladder contraction followed by a sustained relaxation and ADP, UDP and UTP generated predominantly potent relaxations (relaxatory potencies: ADP = ATP > UDP = UTP). The ATP contractions were desensitized with the P2X(1/3) purinoceptor agonist/desensitizer alpha,beta-meATP and reduced by the P2 purinoceptor antagonist PPADS but unaffected by the P2 purinoceptor antagonist suramin. Electrical field stimulation (1-60 Hz) evoked frequency-dependent bladder contractions that were decreased by incubation with alpha,beta-meATP but not further decreased by PPADS. Suramin antagonized relaxations generated by UDP but not those by ADP, ATP or UTP. PPADS antagonized and tended to antagonize UTP and UDP relaxations, respectively, but did neither affect ADP nor ATP relaxations. ADP relaxations were insensitive to the P2Y(1) purinoceptor antagonist MRS 2179 and the ATP-sensitive potassium channel antagonist glibenclamide. The ATP relaxations were inhibited by the P1 purinoceptor antagonist 8-p-sulfophenyltheophylline but unaffected by the A2A adenosine receptor antagonist 8-(3-chlorostyryl)caffeine and glibenclamide. Adenosine evoked relaxations that were antagonized by the A2B adenosine receptor antagonist PSB 1115. Thus, in the rat urinary bladder purinergic contractions are elicited predominantly by stimulation of the P2X(1) purinoceptors, while UDP/UTP-sensitive P2Y purinoceptor(s) and P1 purinoceptors of the A2B adenosine receptor subtype are involved in bladder relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Aronsson
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Giglio D, Andersson M, Aronsson P, Delbro DS, Haraldsson B, Tobin G. Changes in muscarinic receptors in the toad urothelial cell line TBM-54 following acrolein treatment. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2007; 35:217-22. [PMID: 17941892 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2007.04813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
1. In cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in the rat, cholinergic function of the bladder and muscarinic receptor expression are altered. In the present study, we investigated whether the toad urothelial cell line TBM-54 expresses functional muscarinic receptors and whether changes in muscarinic receptors can be induced in vitro by treating cells with acrolein, a metabolite of cyclophosphamide causing cystitis. 2. The occurrence of muscarinic receptors on cells was assessed by microphysiometry, a method analysing receptor function by measuring changes in the extracellular acidity rate (ECAR) in response to receptor stimulation. 3. Challenging untreated cells with the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol gave rise to a concentration-dependent increase in changes in ECAR, with a maximal response at 1 mmol/L carbachol of 51 +/- 6%. Pre-incubating cells with different muscarinic receptor antagonists (i.e. pirenzepine (M(1) receptor selective), methoctramine (M(2)/M(4) receptor selective) and 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine methobromide (4-DAMP; M(3)/M(1)/M(5) receptor selective)), gave rise to a concentration-dependent decrease in the effects of carbachol (0.5 mmol/L) on changes in ECAR. 4. Western blot analysis was used to determine the expression of all muscarinic receptor subtypes (M(1)-M(5)) by the cell line. Following acrolein treatment, cells were markedly less sensitive to carbachol and the expression of muscarinic M(2) receptors was decreased, whereas the expression of muscarinic M(3) receptors was increased. 5. In conclusion, the urothelial cell line TBM-54 expresses functional muscarinic receptors and exposure to acrolein leads to a modulation in the expression of muscarinic receptors. Consequently, acrolein may have direct effects on muscarinic receptor function and expression that contribute to the pathogenesis of cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Giglio
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Giglio D, Aronsson P, Eriksson L, Tobin G. In vitro characterization of parasympathetic and sympathetic responses in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in the rat. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2007; 100:96-108. [PMID: 17244258 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2007.00014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in the rat, detrusor function is impaired and the expression and effects of muscarinic receptors altered. Whether or not the neuronal transmission may be affected by cystitis was presently investigated. Responses of urinary strip preparations from control and cyclophosphamide-pretreated rats to electrical field stimulation and to agonists were assessed in the absence and presence of muscarinic, adrenergic and purinergic receptor antagonists. Generally, atropine reduced contractions, but in contrast to controls, it also reduced responses to low electrical field stimulation intensity (1-5 Hz) in inflamed preparations. In both types, purinoceptor desensitization with alpha,beta-methylene adenosine-5'-triphosphate (alpha,beta-meATP) caused further reductions at low frequencies (<10 Hz). The muscarinic receptor antagonists atropine, 4-diphenylacetoxy-N-methylpiperidine (4-DAMP) ('M(1)/M(3)/M(5)-selective'), methoctramine ('M(2)-selective') and pirenzepine ('M(1)-selective') antagonized the tonic component of the electrical field stimulation-evoked contractile response more potently than the phasic component. 4-DAMP inhibited the tonic contractions in controls more potently than methoctramine and pirenzepine. In inflamed preparations, the muscarinic receptor antagonism on the phasic component of the electrical field stimulation-evoked contraction was decreased and the pirenzepine and 4-DAMP antagonism on the tonic component was much less efficient than in controls. In contrast to controls, methoctramine increased -- instead of decreased -- the tonic responses at high frequencies. While contractions to carbachol and ATP were the same in inflamed and in control strips when related to a reference potassium response, isoprenaline-induced relaxations were smaller in inflamed strips. Thus, in cystitis substantial changes of the efferent functional responses occur. While postjunctional beta-adrenoceptor-mediated relaxations are reduced, effects by prejunctional inhibitory muscarinic receptors may be increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Giglio
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Dimitriou I, Eriksson J, Adler A, Aronsson P, Verwijst T. Fate of heavy metals after application of sewage sludge and wood-ash mixtures to short-rotation willow coppice. Environ Pollut 2006; 142:160-9. [PMID: 16278041 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2005] [Revised: 09/06/2005] [Accepted: 09/11/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Short-rotation willow coppice (SRWC), grown on farmland in Sweden for energy-biomass production, was fertilised with sewage sludge and wood-ash mixtures on the basis of the permitted annual phosphorus supply. Two identical experiments were conducted in central Sweden, on two newly harvested commercial SRWC fields. The maximum legally permitted amount of the sludge-ash mixture, sludge only, ash only, and twice the maximum permitted sludge-ash amount, were applied. The aim was to assess the effect of pH changes following treatment, on the ability of SRWC to take up large amounts of Cd and other metals. The remediation effect of SRWC was also studied. Under the experimental conditions applied, uptake by SRWC was unaffected by pH changes. The differences between the amounts of metals experimentally applied, less the uptake by SRWC after a potential harvest, were broadly within the permitted limits. For Cd, a reduction of total amounts in soil was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Dimitriou
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, P.O. Box 7016, S-750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Abstract
During neural communication by means of action potentials, small electromagnetic (EM) fields are also generated. We use a three layered cortical neural network model to study the effects of EM fields and gap junctions on spatio-temporal network activity. We investigate the possible role of these effects in synchronizing activity, a phenomenon which has been observed in the olfactory cortex and the hippocampus. The simulation results support the notion that fast synchronization of activity in distant parts of the neural network are made possible by means of EM fields and/or gap junctions. The results also indicate that these effects, to a certain extent, are beneficial to system performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Aronsson
- Theoretical Physics, Royal Institute of Technology, S-100 44, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kutter E, Gachechiladze K, Poglazov A, Marusich E, Shneider M, Aronsson P, Napuli A, Porter D, Mesyanzhinov V. Evolution of T4-related phages. Virus Genes 1995; 11:285-97. [PMID: 8828153 DOI: 10.1007/bf01728666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Much progress has been made in understanding T-even phage biology in the last 50 years. We now know the entire sequence of T4, encoding nearly 300 genes, only 69 of which have been shown to be essential under standard laboratory conditions; no specific function is yet known for about 140 of them. The origin of most phage genes is unclear, and only 42 genes in T4 have significant similarity to anything currently included in GenBank. Comparative analysis of related phages is now being used to gain insight into both the evolutionary origins and interrelationships of these phage genes, and the functions of their protein products. The genomes of phages isolated from Tbilisi hospitals, Long Island sewage plants, the Denver zoo, and Khabarovsk show basic similarity. However, these phages show substantial insertions and deletions in a number of regions relative to each other, and closer investigation of specific sequences often reveals much more complex relationships. There are only a few cases in T4-related phages in which there is evidence for evolution through DNA duplication. These include the fibrous products of genes 12, 34, and 37; head proteins gp23 and gp24; and the Alt enzyme and its downstream neighbors. T4 also contains 13 apparent relatives of group I and group II intron homing endonucleases. Distal portions of the tail fibers of various T-even phages contain segments closely related to tail-fiber regions of other DNA coliphages, such as Mu, P1, P2, and lambda. Horizontal gene transfer clearly emerges as a major factor in the evolution of at least the tail-fiber regions, where site-specific recombination probably is involved in the exchange of host-range determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kutter
- Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA 98505, USA.
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