1
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Walmsley T, McManus JW, Kumagai Y, Nagaya K, Harries J, Iwayama H, Ashfold MNR, Britton M, Bucksbaum PH, Downes-Ward B, Driver T, Heathcote D, Hockett P, Howard AJ, Lee JWL, Liu Y, Kukk E, Milesevic D, Minns RS, Niozu A, Niskanen J, Orr-Ewing AJ, Owada S, Robertson PA, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Ueda K, Unwin J, Vallance C, Brouard M, Burt M, Allum F, Forbes R. The Role of Momentum Partitioning in Covariance Ion Imaging Analysis. J Phys Chem A 2024. [PMID: 38713032 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.4c00999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
We present results from a covariance ion imaging study, which employs extensive filtering, on the relationship between fragment momenta to gain deeper insight into photofragmentation dynamics. A new data analysis approach is introduced that considers the momentum partitioning between the fragments of the breakup of a molecular polycation to disentangle concurrent fragmentation channels, which yield the same ion species. We exploit this approach to examine the momentum exchange relationship between the products, which provides direct insight into the dynamics of molecular fragmentation. We apply these techniques to extensively characterize the dissociation of 1-iodopropane and 2-iodopropane dications prepared by site-selective ionization of the iodine atom using extreme ultraviolet intense femtosecond laser pulses with a photon energy of 95 eV. Our assignments are supported by classical simulations, using parameters largely obtained directly from the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Walmsley
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Joseph W McManus
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Yoshiaki Kumagai
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Kiyonobu Nagaya
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - James Harries
- National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), SPring-8, Kouto 1-1-1, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwayama
- Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
- Sokendai (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | | | - Mathew Britton
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Briony Downes-Ward
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Taran Driver
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - David Heathcote
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Paul Hockett
- National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Andrew J Howard
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Jason W L Lee
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg 22607, Germany
| | - Yusong Liu
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Edwin Kukk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | - Dennis Milesevic
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Russell S Minns
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Akinobu Niozu
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Johannes Niskanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku FI-20014, Finland
| | | | - Shigeki Owada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Patrick A Robertson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - James Unwin
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Claire Vallance
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Mark Brouard
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Michael Burt
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Felix Allum
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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2
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Razmus WO, Allum F, Harries J, Kumagai Y, Nagaya K, Bhattacharyya S, Britton M, Brouard M, Bucksbaum PH, Cheung K, Crane SW, Fushitani M, Gabalski I, Gejo T, Ghrist A, Heathcote D, Hikosaka Y, Hishikawa A, Hockett P, Jones E, Kukk E, Iwayama H, Lam HVS, McManus JW, Milesevic D, Mikosch J, Minemoto S, Niozu A, Orr-Ewing AJ, Owada S, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Townsend D, Ueda K, Unwin J, Vallance C, Venkatachalam A, Wada SI, Walmsley T, Warne EM, Woodhouse JL, Burt M, Ashfold MNR, Minns RS, Forbes R. Exploring the ultrafast and isomer-dependent photodissociation of iodothiophenes via site-selective ionization. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:12725-12737. [PMID: 38616653 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp06079a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
C-I bond extension and fission following ultraviolet (UV, 262 nm) photoexcitation of 2- and 3-iodothiophene is studied using ultrafast time-resolved extreme ultraviolet (XUV) ionization in conjunction with velocity map ion imaging. The photoexcited molecules and eventual I atom products are probed by site-selective ionization at the I 4d edge using intense XUV pulses, which induce multiple charges initially localized to the iodine atom. At C-I separations below the critical distance for charge transfer (CT), charge can redistribute around the molecule leading to Coulomb explosion and charged fragments with high kinetic energy. At greater C-I separations, beyond the critical distance, CT is no longer possible and the measured kinetic energies of the charged iodine atoms report on the neutral dissociation process. The time and momentum resolved measurements allow determination of the timescales and the respective product momentum and kinetic energy distributions for both isomers, which are interpreted in terms of rival 'direct' and 'indirect' dissociation pathways. The measurements are compared with a classical over the barrier model, which reveals that the onset of the indirect dissociation process is delayed by ∼1 ps relative to the direct process. The kinetics of the two processes show no discernible difference between the two parent isomers, but the branching between the direct and indirect dissociation channels and the respective product momentum distributions show isomer dependencies. The greater relative yield of indirect dissociation products from 262 nm photolysis of 3-iodothiophene (cf. 2-iodothiophene) is attributed to the different partial cross-sections for (ring-centred) π∗ ← π and (C-I bond localized) σ∗ ← (n/π) excitation in the respective parent isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika O Razmus
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Felix Allum
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | | | - Yoshiaki Kumagai
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyonobu Nagaya
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Surjendu Bhattacharyya
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Mathew Britton
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Mark Brouard
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Kieran Cheung
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Stuart W Crane
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Mizuho Fushitani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Ian Gabalski
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Tatsuo Gejo
- Graduate School of Material Science, University of Hyogo, Kuoto 3-2-1, Kamigori-cho, Ako-gun, Hyogo 678-1297, Japan
| | - Aaron Ghrist
- PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - David Heathcote
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Yasumasa Hikosaka
- Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
- Research Center for Materials Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Paul Hockett
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Ellen Jones
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Edwin Kukk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Huynh V S Lam
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Joseph W McManus
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Dennis Milesevic
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jochen Mikosch
- Department of Physics, University of Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Strasse 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Shinichirou Minemoto
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akinobu Niozu
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Andrew J Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Shigeki Owada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Dave Townsend
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Photon Science, School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - James Unwin
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Claire Vallance
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Anbu Venkatachalam
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Shin-Ichi Wada
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Tiffany Walmsley
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Emily M Warne
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Joanne L Woodhouse
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Michael Burt
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Michael N R Ashfold
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Russell S Minns
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
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3
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Champenois EG, List NH, Ware M, Britton M, Bucksbaum PH, Cheng X, Centurion M, Cryan JP, Forbes R, Gabalski I, Hegazy K, Hoffmann MC, Howard AJ, Ji F, Lin MF, Nunes JPF, Shen X, Yang J, Wang X, Martinez TJ, Wolf TJA. Femtosecond Electronic and Hydrogen Structural Dynamics in Ammonia Imaged with Ultrafast Electron Diffraction. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:143001. [PMID: 37862660 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.143001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Directly imaging structural dynamics involving hydrogen atoms by ultrafast diffraction methods is complicated by their low scattering cross sections. Here we demonstrate that megaelectronvolt ultrafast electron diffraction is sufficiently sensitive to follow hydrogen dynamics in isolated molecules. In a study of the photodissociation of gas phase ammonia, we simultaneously observe signatures of the nuclear and corresponding electronic structure changes resulting from the dissociation dynamics in the time-dependent diffraction. Both assignments are confirmed by ab initio simulations of the photochemical dynamics and the resulting diffraction observable. While the temporal resolution of the experiment is insufficient to resolve the dissociation in time, our results represent an important step towards the observation of proton dynamics in real space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio G Champenois
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Nanna H List
- Department of Chemistry, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Matthew Ware
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Mathew Britton
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Xinxin Cheng
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Martin Centurion
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - James P Cryan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ian Gabalski
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Kareem Hegazy
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | | | - Andrew J Howard
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Fuhao Ji
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Pedro F Nunes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nebraska Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Shen
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Xijie Wang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Todd J Martinez
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Thomas J A Wolf
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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4
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Gabalski I, Allum F, Seidu I, Britton M, Brenner G, Bromberger H, Brouard M, Bucksbaum PH, Burt M, Cryan JP, Driver T, Ekanayake N, Erk B, Garg D, Gougoula E, Heathcote D, Hockett P, Holland DMP, Howard AJ, Kumar S, Lee JWL, Li S, McManus J, Mikosch J, Milesevic D, Minns RS, Neville S, Atia-Tul-Noor, Papadopoulou CC, Passow C, Razmus WO, Röder A, Rouzée A, Simao A, Unwin J, Vallance C, Walmsley T, Wang J, Rolles D, Stolow A, Schuurman MS, Forbes R. Time-Resolved X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy: Ultrafast Dynamics in CS 2 Probed at the S 2p Edge. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:7126-7133. [PMID: 37534743 PMCID: PMC10431593 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent developments in X-ray free-electron lasers have enabled a novel site-selective probe of coupled nuclear and electronic dynamics in photoexcited molecules, time-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (TRXPS). We present results from a joint experimental and theoretical TRXPS study of the well-characterized ultraviolet photodissociation of CS2, a prototypical system for understanding non-adiabatic dynamics. These results demonstrate that the sulfur 2p binding energy is sensitive to changes in the nuclear structure following photoexcitation, which ultimately leads to dissociation into CS and S photoproducts. We are able to assign the main X-ray spectroscopic features to the CS and S products via comparison to a first-principles determination of the TRXPS based on ab initio multiple-spawning simulations. Our results demonstrate the use of TRXPS as a local probe of complex ultrafast photodissociation dynamics involving multimodal vibrational coupling, nonradiative transitions between electronic states, and multiple final product channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Gabalski
- Stanford
PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
- Department
of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Felix Allum
- Stanford
PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
- Linac
Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Issaka Seidu
- National
Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Mathew Britton
- Stanford
PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Günter Brenner
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Mark Brouard
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Philip H. Bucksbaum
- Stanford
PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
- Department
of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Department
of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Michael Burt
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - James P. Cryan
- Stanford
PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
- Linac
Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Taran Driver
- Stanford
PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
- Linac
Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Nagitha Ekanayake
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benjamin Erk
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Diksha Garg
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Gougoula
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - David Heathcote
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Paul Hockett
- National
Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | | | - Andrew J. Howard
- Stanford
PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
- Department
of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sonu Kumar
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jason W. L. Lee
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Siqi Li
- Linac
Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Joseph McManus
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Jochen Mikosch
- Institut
für Physik, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Straße 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Dennis Milesevic
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Russell S. Minns
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Simon Neville
- National
Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Atia-Tul-Noor
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Christopher Passow
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Weronika O. Razmus
- School
of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K.
| | - Anja Röder
- Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arnaud Rouzée
- Max-Born-Institute, Max-Born-Straße 2A, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alcides Simao
- Deutsches
Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - James Unwin
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Claire Vallance
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Tiffany Walmsley
- Chemistry
Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K.
| | - Jun Wang
- Stanford
PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
- Department
of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J.
R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, United States
| | - Albert Stolow
- National
Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department
of Physics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
- NRC-uOttawa Joint Centre
for Extreme Photonics, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Michael S. Schuurman
- National
Research Council Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
- Department
of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- Linac
Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator
Laboratory, Menlo
Park, California 94025, United States
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5
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Howard AJ, Britton M, Streeter ZL, Cheng C, Forbes R, Reynolds JL, Allum F, McCracken GA, Gabalski I, Lucchese RR, McCurdy CW, Weinacht T, Bucksbaum PH. Filming enhanced ionization in an ultrafast triatomic slingshot. Commun Chem 2023; 6:81. [PMID: 37106058 PMCID: PMC10140156 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Filming atomic motion within molecules is an active pursuit of molecular physics and quantum chemistry. A promising method is laser-induced Coulomb Explosion Imaging (CEI) where a laser pulse rapidly ionizes many electrons from a molecule, causing the remaining ions to undergo Coulomb repulsion. The ion momenta are used to reconstruct the molecular geometry which is tracked over time (i.e., filmed) by ionizing at an adjustable delay with respect to the start of interatomic motion. Results are distorted, however, by ultrafast motion during the ionizing pulse. We studied this effect in water and filmed the rapid "slingshot" motion that enhances ionization and distorts CEI results. Our investigation uncovered both the geometry and mechanism of the enhancement which may inform CEI experiments in many other polyatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Howard
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Mathew Britton
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zachary L Streeter
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Chuan Cheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Joshua L Reynolds
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Felix Allum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Gregory A McCracken
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Ian Gabalski
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Robert R Lucchese
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - C William McCurdy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Weinacht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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6
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Cheng C, Frasinski LJ, Moğol G, Allum F, Howard AJ, Rolles D, Bucksbaum PH, Brouard M, Forbes R, Weinacht T. Multiparticle Cumulant Mapping for Coulomb Explosion Imaging. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:093001. [PMID: 36930921 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.093001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We extend covariance velocity map ion imaging to four particles, establishing cumulant mapping and allowing for measurements that provide insights usually associated with coincidence detection, but at much higher count rates. Without correction, a fourfold covariance analysis is contaminated by the pairwise correlations of uncorrelated events, but we have addressed this with the calculation of a full cumulant, which subtracts pairwise correlations. We demonstrate the approach on the four-body breakup of formaldehyde following strong field multiple ionization in few-cycle laser pulses. We compare Coulomb explosion imaging for two different pulse durations (30 and 6 fs), highlighting the dynamics that can take place on ultrafast timescales. These results have important implications for Coulomb explosion imaging as a tool for studying ultrafast structural changes in molecules, a capability that is especially desirable for high-count-rate x-ray free-electron laser experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Cheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Leszek J Frasinski
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Gönenç Moğol
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - Felix Allum
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Andrew J Howard
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Mark Brouard
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Thomas Weinacht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
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7
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Gabalski I, Sere M, Acheson K, Allum F, Boutet S, Dixit G, Forbes R, Glownia JM, Goff N, Hegazy K, Howard AJ, Liang M, Minitti MP, Minns RS, Natan A, Peard N, Rasmus WO, Sension RJ, Ware MR, Weber PM, Werby N, Wolf TJA, Kirrander A, Bucksbaum PH. Transient vibration and product formation of photoexcited CS 2 measured by time-resolved x-ray scattering. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:164305. [PMID: 36319419 PMCID: PMC9625835 DOI: 10.1063/5.0113079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have observed details of the internal motion and dissociation channels in photoexcited carbon disulfide (CS2) using time-resolved x-ray scattering (TRXS). Photoexcitation of gas-phase CS2 with a 200 nm laser pulse launches oscillatory bending and stretching motion, leading to dissociation of atomic sulfur in under a picosecond. During the first 300 fs following excitation, we observe significant changes in the vibrational frequency as well as some dissociation of the C-S bond, leading to atomic sulfur in the both 1D and 3P states. Beyond 1400 fs, the dissociation is consistent with primarily 3P atomic sulfur dissociation. This channel-resolved measurement of the dissociation time is based on our analysis of the time-windowed dissociation radial velocity distribution, which is measured using the temporal Fourier transform of the TRXS data aided by a Hough transform that extracts the slopes of linear features in an image. The relative strength of the two dissociation channels reflects both their branching ratio and differences in the spread of their dissociation times. Measuring the time-resolved dissociation radial velocity distribution aids the resolution of discrepancies between models for dissociation proposed by prior photoelectron spectroscopy work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Gabalski
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:
| | | | - Kyle Acheson
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Sébastien Boutet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Gopal Dixit
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | | | - James M. Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Nathan Goff
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | | | | | - Mengning Liang
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Michael P. Minitti
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Russell S. Minns
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Adi Natan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Nolan Peard
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Weronika O. Rasmus
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Roseanne J. Sension
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - Matthew R. Ware
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Peter M. Weber
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | | | | | - Adam Kirrander
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3QX Oxford, United Kingdom
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8
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McManus JW, Walmsley T, Nagaya K, Harries JR, Kumagai Y, Iwayama H, Ashfold MNR, Britton M, Bucksbaum PH, Downes-Ward B, Driver T, Heathcote D, Hockett P, Howard AJ, Kukk E, Lee JWL, Liu Y, Milesevic D, Minns RS, Niozu A, Niskanen J, Orr-Ewing AJ, Owada S, Rolles D, Robertson PA, Rudenko A, Ueda K, Unwin J, Vallance C, Burt M, Brouard M, Forbes R, Allum F. Disentangling sequential and concerted fragmentations of molecular polycations with covariant native frame analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:22699-22709. [PMID: 36106844 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp03029b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present results from an experimental ion imaging study into the fragmentation dynamics of 1-iodopropane and 2-iodopropane following interaction with extreme ultraviolet intense femtosecond laser pulses with a photon energy of 95 eV. Using covariance imaging analysis, a range of observed fragmentation pathways of the resulting polycations can be isolated and interrogated in detail at relatively high ion count rates (∼12 ions shot-1). By incorporating the recently developed native frames analysis approach into the three-dimensional covariance imaging procedure, contributions from three-body concerted and sequential fragmentation mechanisms can be isolated. The angular distribution of the fragment ions is much more complex than in previously reported studies for triatomic polycations, and differs substantially between the two isomeric species. With support of simple simulations of the dissociation channels of interest, detailed physical insights into the fragmentation dynamics are obtained, including how the initial dissociation step in a sequential mechanism influences rovibrational dynamics in the metastable intermediate ion and how signatures of this nuclear motion manifest in the measured signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W McManus
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Tiffany Walmsley
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Kiyonobu Nagaya
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiaki Kumagai
- Department of Applied Physics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwayama
- UVSOR Synchrotron Facility, Institute for Molecular Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Michael N R Ashfold
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Mathew Britton
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Briony Downes-Ward
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Taran Driver
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - David Heathcote
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Paul Hockett
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr., Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Andrew J Howard
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Edwin Kukk
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Jason W L Lee
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yusong Liu
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Dennis Milesevic
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Russell S Minns
- Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Akinobu Niozu
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - Johannes Niskanen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20014, Finland
| | - Andrew J Orr-Ewing
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Shigeki Owada
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan.,Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Daniel Rolles
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Patrick A Robertson
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Artem Rudenko
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, 66506, USA
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - James Unwin
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Claire Vallance
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Michael Burt
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Mark Brouard
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
| | - Felix Allum
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.,Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
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9
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Li S, Driver T, Rosenberger P, Champenois EG, Duris J, Al-Haddad A, Averbukh V, Barnard JCT, Berrah N, Bostedt C, Bucksbaum PH, Coffee RN, DiMauro LF, Fang L, Garratt D, Gatton A, Guo Z, Hartmann G, Haxton D, Helml W, Huang Z, LaForge AC, Kamalov A, Knurr J, Lin MF, Lutman AA, MacArthur JP, Marangos JP, Nantel M, Natan A, Obaid R, O'Neal JT, Shivaram NH, Schori A, Walter P, Wang AL, Wolf TJA, Zhang Z, Kling MF, Marinelli A, Cryan JP. Attosecond coherent electron motion in Auger-Meitner decay. Science 2022; 375:285-290. [PMID: 34990213 DOI: 10.1126/science.abj2096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
In quantum systems, coherent superpositions of electronic states evolve on ultrafast time scales (few femtoseconds to attoseconds; 1 attosecond = 0.001 femtoseconds = 10-18 seconds), leading to a time-dependent charge density. Here we performed time-resolved measurements using attosecond soft x-ray pulses produced by a free-electron laser, to track the evolution of a coherent core-hole excitation in nitric oxide. Using an additional circularly polarized infrared laser pulse, we created a clock to time-resolve the electron dynamics and demonstrated control of the coherent electron motion by tuning the photon energy of the x-ray pulse. Core-excited states offer a fundamental test bed for studying coherent electron dynamics in highly excited and strongly correlated matter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siqi Li
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Taran Driver
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Philipp Rosenberger
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany.,Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Elio G Champenois
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Joseph Duris
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - Vitali Averbukh
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan C T Barnard
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nora Berrah
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen, Switzerland.,LUXS Laboratory for Ultrafast X-ray Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ryan N Coffee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Louis F DiMauro
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Li Fang
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Douglas Garratt
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Averell Gatton
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Zhaoheng Guo
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gregor Hartmann
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | | | - Wolfram Helml
- Department of Physics, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Zhirong Huang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Aaron C LaForge
- Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Andrei Kamalov
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Jonas Knurr
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Ming-Fu Lin
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | | | - James P MacArthur
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jon P Marangos
- The Blackett Laboratory, Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Megan Nantel
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Adi Natan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Razib Obaid
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Physics Department, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Jordan T O'Neal
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Niranjan H Shivaram
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Physics and Astronomy and Purdue Quantum Science and Engineering Institute, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Aviad Schori
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Peter Walter
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Anna Li Wang
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J A Wolf
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Zhen Zhang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - Matthias F Kling
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, Garching, Germany.,Physics Department, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Agostino Marinelli
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
| | - James P Cryan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA.,Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, USA
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10
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Allum F, Cheng C, Howard AJ, Bucksbaum PH, Brouard M, Weinacht T, Forbes R. Multi-Particle Three-Dimensional Covariance Imaging: "Coincidence" Insights into the Many-Body Fragmentation of Strong-Field Ionized D 2O. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:8302-8308. [PMID: 34428066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the applicability of covariance analysis to three-dimensional velocity-map imaging experiments using a fast time stamping detector. Studying the photofragmentation of strong-field doubly ionized D2O molecules, we show that combining high count rate measurements with covariance analysis yields the same level of information typically limited to the "gold standard" of true, low count rate coincidence experiments, when averaging over a large ensemble of photofragmentation events. This increases the effective data acquisition rate by approximately 2 orders of magnitude, enabling a new class of experimental studies. This is illustrated through an investigation into the dependence of three-body D2O2+ dissociation on the intensity of the ionizing laser, revealing mechanistic insights into the nuclear dynamics driven during the laser pulse. The experimental methodology laid out, with its drastic reduction in acquisition time, is expected to be of great benefit to future photofragment imaging studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Allum
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Chuan Cheng
- Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Andrew J Howard
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
| | - Mark Brouard
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Weinacht
- Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, United States
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11
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Natan A, Schori A, Owolabi G, Cryan JP, Glownia JM, Bucksbaum PH. Resolving multiphoton processes with high-order anisotropy ultrafast X-ray scattering. Faraday Discuss 2021; 228:123-138. [PMID: 33565543 DOI: 10.1039/d0fd00126k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We present the first results on experimentally measured ultrafast X-ray scattering of strongly driven molecular iodine and analysis of high-order anisotropic components of the scattering signal. We discuss the technical details of retrieving high fidelity high-order anisotropy components from the measured scattering data and outline a method to analyze such signals using Legendre decomposition. We describe how anisotropic motions can be extracted from the various Legendre orders using simulated anisotropic scattering signals and Fourier analysis. We implement the method on the measured signal and observe a multitude of dissociation and vibration motions simultaneously arising from various multiphoton transitions occurring in the sample. We use the anisotropic scattering information to disentangle the different processes and assign their dissociation velocities on the Angstrom and femtosecond scales de novo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Natan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Aviad Schori
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | - Grace Owolabi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Howard University, Washington DC 20059, USA
| | - James P Cryan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. and Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - James M Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. and Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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12
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O'Neal JT, Champenois EG, Oberli S, Obaid R, Al-Haddad A, Barnard J, Berrah N, Coffee R, Duris J, Galinis G, Garratt D, Glownia JM, Haxton D, Ho P, Li S, Li X, MacArthur J, Marangos JP, Natan A, Shivaram N, Slaughter DS, Walter P, Wandel S, Young L, Bostedt C, Bucksbaum PH, Picón A, Marinelli A, Cryan JP. Electronic Population Transfer via Impulsive Stimulated X-Ray Raman Scattering with Attosecond Soft-X-Ray Pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 125:073203. [PMID: 32857563 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.073203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Free-electron lasers provide a source of x-ray pulses short enough and intense enough to drive nonlinearities in molecular systems. Impulsive interactions driven by these x-ray pulses provide a way to create and probe valence electron motions with high temporal and spatial resolution. Observing these electronic motions is crucial to understand the role of electronic coherence in chemical processes. A simple nonlinear technique for probing electronic motion, impulsive stimulated x-ray Raman scattering (ISXRS), involves a single impulsive interaction to produce a coherent superposition of electronic states. We demonstrate electronic population transfer via ISXRS using broad bandwidth (5.5 eV full width at half maximum) attosecond x-ray pulses produced by the Linac Coherent Light Source. The impulsive excitation is resonantly enhanced by the oxygen 1s→2π^{*} resonance of nitric oxide (NO), and excited state neutral molecules are probed with a time-delayed UV laser pulse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan T O'Neal
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Elio G Champenois
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Solène Oberli
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Razib Obaid
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Andre Al-Haddad
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Paul-Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Barnard
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Nora Berrah
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Ryan Coffee
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Joseph Duris
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Gediminas Galinis
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Douglas Garratt
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - James M Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | | | - Phay Ho
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Siqi Li
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Xiang Li
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - James MacArthur
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jon P Marangos
- Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Adi Natan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Niranjan Shivaram
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Daniel S Slaughter
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Peter Walter
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Scott Wandel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Linda Young
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
- Paul-Scherrer Institute, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- LUXS Laboratory for Ultrafast X-ray Sciences, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Antonio Picón
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Agostino Marinelli
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - James P Cryan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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13
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Liekhus-Schmaltz C, Zhu X, McCracken GA, Cryan JP, Martinez TJ, Bucksbaum PH. Strictly non-adiabatic quantum control of the acetylene dication using an infrared field. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:184302. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0007058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Liekhus-Schmaltz
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Gregory A. McCracken
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - James P. Cryan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Todd J. Martinez
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Philip H. Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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14
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Abstract
Two-body dissociation resulting from strong-field double ionization of water is investigated. Two distinct features are seen in the alignment of the fragment momenta with respect to the laser polarization. One feature shows alignment of the H-OH axis with the laser polarization, while the other indicates polarization alignment normal to the H-OH axis. By analyzing kinematic differences between the OH+/D+ and OD+/H+ channels of HOD, these two alignment features are shown to result from dissociation from different states in the dication. Only dissociation from one of these states has an alignment dependence consistent with predictions of sequential strong-field tunneling ionization models. The alignment dependence of dissociation from the other state can only be explained by dynamic alignment launched by the unbending of the molecule during ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A McCracken
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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15
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Driver T, Li S, Champenois EG, Duris J, Ratner D, Lane TJ, Rosenberger P, Al-Haddad A, Averbukh V, Barnard T, Berrah N, Bostedt C, Bucksbaum PH, Coffee R, DiMauro LF, Fang L, Garratt D, Gatton A, Guo Z, Hartmann G, Haxton D, Helml W, Huang Z, LaForge A, Kamalov A, Kling MF, Knurr J, Lin MF, Lutman AA, MacArthur JP, Marangos JP, Nantel M, Natan A, Obaid R, O'Neal JT, Shivaram NH, Schori A, Walter P, Li Wang A, Wolf TJA, Marinelli A, Cryan JP. Attosecond transient absorption spooktroscopy: a ghost imaging approach to ultrafast absorption spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:2704-2712. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03951a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Recently demonstrated isolated attosecond XFEL pulses should allow the probing of ultrafast electron dynamics at X-ray wavelengths. The authors use ghost imaging to enable high-resolution transient absorption spectroscopy at fluctuating XFEL sources.
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16
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Ware MR, Glownia JM, Natan A, Cryan JP, Bucksbaum PH. On the limits of observing motion in time-resolved X-ray scattering. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2019; 377:20170477. [PMID: 30929636 PMCID: PMC6452050 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2017.0477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Limits on the ability of time-resolved X-ray scattering (TRXS) to observe harmonic motion of amplitude, A and frequency, ω0, about an equilibrium position, R0, are considered. Experimental results from a TRXS experiment at the LINAC Coherent Light Source are compared to classical and quantum theories that demonstrate a fundamental limitation on the ability to observe the amplitude of motion. These comparisons demonstrate dual limits on the spatial resolution through Qmax and the temporal resolution through ωmax for observing the amplitude of motion. In the limit where ωmax ≈ ω0, the smallest observable amplitude of motion is A = 2 π/ Qmax. In the limit where ωmax≥2 ω0, A≤2 π/ Qmax is observable provided there are sufficient statistics. This article is part of the theme issue 'Measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R. Ware
- National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford PULSE Institute, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James M. Glownia
- National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS, SLAC, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Adi Natan
- National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford PULSE Institute, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - James P. Cryan
- National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford PULSE Institute, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- National Accelerator Laboratory, LCLS, SLAC, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Philip H. Bucksbaum
- National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford PULSE Institute, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
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17
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Vampa G, Vasilyev S, Liu H, Mirov M, Bucksbaum PH, Reis DA. Characterization of high-harmonic emission from ZnO up to 11 eV pumped with a Cr:ZnS high-repetition-rate source. Opt Lett 2019; 44:259-262. [PMID: 30644875 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We report the measurement of high-order harmonics from a ZnO crystal with photon energies up to 11 eV generated by a high-repetition-rate femtosecond Cr:ZnS laser operating in the mid-infrared at 2-3 μm, delivering few-cycle pulses with multi-watt average power and multi-megawatt peak power. High-focus intensity is achieved in a single pass through the crystal without a buildup cavity or nanostructued pattern for field enhancement. We measure in excess of 108 high-harmonic photons/second.
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18
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Abstract
We have studied strong-field enhanced dissociative ionization of D2O in 40 fs, 800 nm laser pulses with focused intensities of <1-3 × 1015W/cm2 by resolving the charged fragment momenta with respect to the laser polarization. We that observe dication dissociation into OD+/D+ dominates when the polarization is out of the plane of the molecule, whereas trication dissociation into O+/D+/D+ is strongly dominant when the polarization is aligned along the D-D axis. Dication dissociation into O/D+/D+ and O+/D2+ is not seen nor is there any significant fragmentation into multiple ions when the laser is polarized along the C2v symmetry axis of the molecule. Even below the saturation intensity for OD+/D+, the O+/D+/D+ channel has higher yield. By analyzing how the laser field is oriented within the molecular frame for both channels, we show that enhanced ionization is driving the triply charged three body breakup but is not active for the doubly charged two body breakup. We conclude that laser-induced distortion of the molecular potential suppresses multiple ionization along the C2v axis but enhances ionization along the D-D direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A McCracken
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Andreas Kaldun
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Chelsea Liekhus-Schmaltz
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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19
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Glownia JM, Natan A, Cryan JP, Hartsock R, Kozina M, Minitti MP, Nelson S, Robinson J, Sato T, van Driel T, Welch G, Weninger C, Zhu D, Bucksbaum PH. Glownia et al. Reply. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 119:069302. [PMID: 28949596 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.069302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Natan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J P Cryan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Hartsock
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Kozina
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M P Minitti
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Nelson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Robinson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Sato
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T van Driel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G Welch
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Weninger
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P H Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Departments of Physics, Applied Physics, and Photon Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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20
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Sanchez-Gonzalez A, Micaelli P, Olivier C, Barillot TR, Ilchen M, Lutman AA, Marinelli A, Maxwell T, Achner A, Agåker M, Berrah N, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Buck J, Bucksbaum PH, Montero SC, Cooper B, Cryan JP, Dong M, Feifel R, Frasinski LJ, Fukuzawa H, Galler A, Hartmann G, Hartmann N, Helml W, Johnson AS, Knie A, Lindahl AO, Liu J, Motomura K, Mucke M, O'Grady C, Rubensson JE, Simpson ER, Squibb RJ, Såthe C, Ueda K, Vacher M, Walke DJ, Zhaunerchyk V, Coffee RN, Marangos JP. Accurate prediction of X-ray pulse properties from a free-electron laser using machine learning. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15461. [PMID: 28580940 PMCID: PMC5465316 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Free-electron lasers providing ultra-short high-brightness pulses of X-ray radiation have great potential for a wide impact on science, and are a critical element for unravelling the structural dynamics of matter. To fully harness this potential, we must accurately know the X-ray properties: intensity, spectrum and temporal profile. Owing to the inherent fluctuations in free-electron lasers, this mandates a full characterization of the properties for each and every pulse. While diagnostics of these properties exist, they are often invasive and many cannot operate at a high-repetition rate. Here, we present a technique for circumventing this limitation. Employing a machine learning strategy, we can accurately predict X-ray properties for every shot using only parameters that are easily recorded at high-repetition rate, by training a model on a small set of fully diagnosed pulses. This opens the door to fully realizing the promise of next-generation high-repetition rate X-ray lasers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - P Micaelli
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - C Olivier
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - T R Barillot
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - M Ilchen
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - A A Lutman
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Marinelli
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Maxwell
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Achner
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - M Agåker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75120, Sweden
| | - N Berrah
- Department of Physics, University of Connecticut, 2152 Hillside Road, U-3046, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - C Bostedt
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J D Bozek
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, L'Orme des Merisiers, Saint Aubin, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J Buck
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - P H Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Department of Physics, Stanford University, 382 Via Pueblo Mall, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - S Carron Montero
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Department of Physics, California Lutheran University, 60 West Olsen Road, Thousand Oaks, California 91360, USA
| | - B Cooper
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - J P Cryan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Dong
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75120, Sweden
| | - R Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L J Frasinski
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - H Fukuzawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - A Galler
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - G Hartmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.,Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - N Hartmann
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - W Helml
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Physics Department E11, TU Munich, James-Franck-Str 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A S Johnson
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - A Knie
- Institut für Physik und CINSaT, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - A O Lindahl
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J Liu
- European XFEL GmbH, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - K Motomura
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - M Mucke
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75120, Sweden
| | - C O'Grady
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J-E Rubensson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75120, Sweden
| | - E R Simpson
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - R J Squibb
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - C Såthe
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - K Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - M Vacher
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK.,Department of Chemistry-Ångtröm, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75120, Sweden
| | - D J Walke
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - V Zhaunerchyk
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, Origovägen 6B, 41296 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - R N Coffee
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J P Marangos
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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21
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Liekhus-Schmaltz C, McCracken GA, Kaldun A, Cryan JP, Bucksbaum PH. Coherent control using kinetic energy and the geometric phase of a conical intersection. J Chem Phys 2016; 145:144304. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4964392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea Liekhus-Schmaltz
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Gregory A. McCracken
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Andreas Kaldun
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - James P. Cryan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Philip H. Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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22
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Glownia JM, Natan A, Cryan JP, Hartsock R, Kozina M, Minitti MP, Nelson S, Robinson J, Sato T, van Driel T, Welch G, Weninger C, Zhu D, Bucksbaum PH. Self-Referenced Coherent Diffraction X-Ray Movie of Ångstrom- and Femtosecond-Scale Atomic Motion. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:153003. [PMID: 27768351 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.153003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved femtosecond x-ray diffraction patterns from laser-excited molecular iodine are used to create a movie of intramolecular motion with a temporal and spatial resolution of 30 fs and 0.3 Å. This high fidelity is due to interference between the nonstationary excitation and the stationary initial charge distribution. The initial state is used as the local oscillator for heterodyne amplification of the excited charge distribution to retrieve real-space movies of atomic motion on ångstrom and femtosecond scales. This x-ray interference has not been employed to image internal motion in molecules before. Coherent vibrational motion and dispersion, dissociation, and rotational dephasing are all clearly visible in the data, thereby demonstrating the stunning sensitivity of heterodyne methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Glownia
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - A Natan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J P Cryan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - R Hartsock
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M Kozina
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - M P Minitti
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Nelson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - J Robinson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T Sato
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T van Driel
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - G Welch
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - C Weninger
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - D Zhu
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - P H Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Departments of Physics, Applied Physics, and Photon Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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23
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Natan A, Ware MR, Prabhudesai VS, Lev U, Bruner BD, Heber O, Bucksbaum PH. Observation of Quantum Interferences via Light-Induced Conical Intersections in Diatomic Molecules. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 116:143004. [PMID: 27104704 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.143004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We observe energy-dependent angle-resolved diffraction patterns in protons from strong-field dissociation of the molecular hydrogen ion H_{2}^{+}. The interference is a characteristic of dissociation around a laser-induced conical intersection (LICI), which is a point of contact between two surfaces in the dressed two-dimensional Born-Oppenheimer potential energy landscape of a diatomic molecule in a strong laser field. The interference magnitude and angular period depend strongly on the energy difference between the initial state and the LICI, consistent with coherent diffraction around a cone-shaped potential barrier whose width and thickness depend on the relative energy of the initial state and the cone apex. These findings are supported by numerical solutions of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for similar experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Natan
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Matthew R Ware
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Vaibhav S Prabhudesai
- Department of Nuclear and Atomic Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai 400005, India
| | - Uri Lev
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Barry D Bruner
- Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Oded Heber
- Department of Particle Physics and Astrophysics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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24
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Ferguson KR, Bucher M, Gorkhover T, Boutet S, Fukuzawa H, Koglin JE, Kumagai Y, Lutman A, Marinelli A, Messerschmidt M, Nagaya K, Turner J, Ueda K, Williams GJ, Bucksbaum PH, Bostedt C. Transient lattice contraction in the solid-to-plasma transition. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1500837. [PMID: 27152323 PMCID: PMC4846449 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In condensed matter systems, strong optical excitations can induce phonon-driven processes that alter their mechanical properties. We report on a new phenomenon where a massive electronic excitation induces a collective change in the bond character that leads to transient lattice contraction. Single large van der Waals clusters were isochorically heated to a nanoplasma state with an intense 10-fs x-ray (pump) pulse. The structural evolution of the nanoplasma was probed with a second intense x-ray (probe) pulse, showing systematic contraction stemming from electron delocalization during the solid-to-plasma transition. These findings are relevant for any material in extreme conditions ranging from the time evolution of warm or hot dense matter to ultrafast imaging with intense x-ray pulses or, more generally, any situation that involves a condensed matter-to-plasma transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken R. Ferguson
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Maximilian Bucher
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Tais Gorkhover
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sébastien Boutet
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Hironobu Fukuzawa
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Jason E. Koglin
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Yoshiaki Kumagai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Alberto Lutman
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Agostino Marinelli
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Marc Messerschmidt
- National Science Foundation BioXFEL Science and Technology Center, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA
| | - Kiyonobu Nagaya
- Division of Physics and Astronomy, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jim Turner
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Kiyoshi Ueda
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Garth J. Williams
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Philip H. Bucksbaum
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Pulse Institute, Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
| | - Christoph Bostedt
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Pulse Institute, Stanford University and SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
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25
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Floß J, Kamalov A, Averbukh IS, Bucksbaum PH. Observation of Bloch Oscillations in Molecular Rotation. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 115:203002. [PMID: 26613436 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.203002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We report the observation of rotational Bloch oscillations in a gas of nitrogen molecules kicked by a periodic train of femtosecond laser pulses. A controllable detuning from the quantum resonance creates an effective accelerating potential in angular momentum space, inducing Bloch-like oscillations of the rotational excitation. These oscillations are measured via the temporal modulation of the refractive index of the gas. Our results introduce room-temperature laser-kicked molecules as a new laboratory for studies of localization phenomena in quantum transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Floß
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Andrei Kamalov
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Ilya Sh Averbukh
- Department of Chemical Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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26
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Liekhus-Schmaltz CE, Tenney I, Osipov T, Sanchez-Gonzalez A, Berrah N, Boll R, Bomme C, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Carron S, Coffee R, Devin J, Erk B, Ferguson KR, Field RW, Foucar L, Frasinski LJ, Glownia JM, Gühr M, Kamalov A, Krzywinski J, Li H, Marangos JP, Martinez TJ, McFarland BK, Miyabe S, Murphy B, Natan A, Rolles D, Rudenko A, Siano M, Simpson ER, Spector L, Swiggers M, Walke D, Wang S, Weber T, Bucksbaum PH, Petrovic VS. Ultrafast isomerization initiated by X-ray core ionization. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8199. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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27
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Li H, Chen LJ, Cheng HPH, May JE, Smith S, Muehlig K, Uttamadoss A, Frisch JC, Fry AR, Kärtner FX, Bucksbaum PH. Remote two-color optical-to-optical synchronization between two passively mode-locked lasers. Opt Lett 2014; 39:5325-5328. [PMID: 26466262 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.005325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Using balanced detection in both the radio frequency (RF) and the optical domain, we remotely synchronize the repetition rate of a Ti:sapphire oscillator to an Er-doped fiber oscillator through a 360 m length-stabilized dispersion compensated fiber link. The drift between these two optical oscillators is 3.3 fs root mean square (rms) over 24 hours. The 68 MHz Er-doped fiber oscillator is locked to a 476 MHz local RF reference clock, and serves as a master clock to distribute 10 fs-level timing signals through stabilized fiber links. This steady remote two-color optical-to-optical synchronization is an important step toward an integrated femtosecond fiber timing distribution system for free-electron lasers (FELs); it does not require x-ray pulses, and it makes sub-10-fs optical/x-ray pump-probe experiments feasible.
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28
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McFarland BK, Berrah N, Bostedt C, Bozek J, Bucksbaum PH, Castagna JC, Coffee RN, Cryan JP, Fang L, Farrell JP, Feifel R, Gaffney KJ, Glownia JM, Martinez TJ, Miyabe S, Mucke M, Murphy B, Natan A, Osipov T, Petrovic VS, Schorb S, Schultz T, Spector LS, Swiggers M, Tarantelli F, Tenney I, Wang S, White JL, White W, Gühr M. Experimental strategies for optical pump – soft x-ray probe experiments at the LCLS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/488/1/012015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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29
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Spector LS, Artamonov M, Miyabe S, Martinez T, Seideman T, Guehr M, Bucksbaum PH. Axis-dependence of molecular high harmonic emission in three dimensions. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3190. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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30
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31
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Petrovic VS, Schorb S, Kim J, White J, Cryan JP, Glownia JM, Zipp L, Broege D, Miyabe S, Tao H, Martinez T, Bucksbaum PH. Enhancement of strong-field multiple ionization in the vicinity of the conical intersection in 1,3-cyclohexadiene ring opening. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:184309. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4829766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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32
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Fang L, Osipov T, Murphy B, Tarantelli F, Kukk E, Cryan JP, Glownia M, Bucksbaum PH, Coffee RN, Chen M, Buth C, Berrah N. Multiphoton ionization as a clock to reveal molecular dynamics with intense short x-ray free electron laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:263001. [PMID: 23368555 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.263001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We investigate molecular dynamics of multiple ionization in N2 through multiple core-level photoabsorption and subsequent Auger decay processes induced by intense, short x-ray free electron laser pulses. The timing dynamics of the photoabsorption and dissociation processes is mapped onto the kinetic energy of the fragments. Measurements of the latter allow us to map out the average internuclear separation for every molecular photoionization sequence step and obtain the average time interval between the photoabsorption events. Using multiphoton ionization as a tool of the multiple-pulse pump-probe scheme, we demonstrate the modification of the ionization dynamics as we vary the x-ray laser pulse duration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fang
- Physics Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA.
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33
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Petrović VS, Siano M, White JL, Berrah N, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Broege D, Chalfin M, Coffee RN, Cryan J, Fang L, Farrell JP, Frasinski LJ, Glownia JM, Gühr M, Hoener M, Holland DMP, Kim J, Marangos JP, Martinez T, McFarland BK, Minns RS, Miyabe S, Schorb S, Sension RJ, Spector LS, Squibb R, Tao H, Underwood JG, Bucksbaum PH. Transient X-ray fragmentation: probing a prototypical photoinduced ring opening. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:253006. [PMID: 23004597 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.253006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report the first study of UV-induced photoisomerization probed via core ionization by an x-ray laser. We investigated x-ray ionization and fragmentation of the cyclohexadiene-hexatriene system at 850 eV during the ring opening. We find that the ion-fragmentation patterns evolve over a picosecond, reflecting a change in the state of excitation and the molecular geometry: the average kinetic energy per ion fragment and H(+)-ion count increase as the ring opens and the molecule elongates. We discuss new opportunities for molecular photophysics created by optical pump x-ray probe experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir S Petrović
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
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34
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Kanter EP, Krässig B, Li Y, March AM, Ho P, Rohringer N, Santra R, Southworth SH, DiMauro LF, Doumy G, Roedig CA, Berrah N, Fang L, Hoener M, Bucksbaum PH, Ghimire S, Reis DA, Bozek JD, Bostedt C, Messerschmidt M, Young L. Unveiling and driving hidden resonances with high-fluence, high-intensity x-ray pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:233001. [PMID: 22182083 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.233001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We show that high fluence, high-intensity x-ray pulses from the world's first hard x-ray free-electron laser produce nonlinear phenomena that differ dramatically from the linear x-ray-matter interaction processes that are encountered at synchrotron x-ray sources. We use intense x-ray pulses of sub-10-fs duration to first reveal and subsequently drive the 1s↔2p resonance in singly ionized neon. This photon-driven cycling of an inner-shell electron modifies the Auger decay process, as evidenced by line shape modification. Our work demonstrates the propensity of high-fluence, femtosecond x-ray pulses to alter the target within a single pulse, i.e., to unveil hidden resonances, by cracking open inner shells energetically inaccessible via single-photon absorption, and to consequently trigger damaging electron cascades at unexpectedly low photon energies.
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Affiliation(s)
- E P Kanter
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
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35
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Kim J, Tao H, White JL, Petrović VS, Martinez TJ, Bucksbaum PH. Control of 1,3-Cyclohexadiene Photoisomerization Using Light-Induced Conical Intersections. J Phys Chem A 2011; 116:2758-63. [DOI: 10.1021/jp208384b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jaehee Kim
- PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94304, United States
| | - Hongli Tao
- PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94304, United States
| | - James L. White
- PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94304, United States
| | | | - Todd J. Martinez
- PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94304, United States
| | - Philip H. Bucksbaum
- PULSE Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94304, United States
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36
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Farrell JP, Petretti S, Förster J, McFarland BK, Spector LS, Vanne YV, Decleva P, Bucksbaum PH, Saenz A, Gühr M. Strong field ionization to multiple electronic states in water. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:083001. [PMID: 21929165 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.083001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
High harmonic spectra show that laser-induced strong field ionization of water has a significant contribution from an inner-valence orbital. Our experiment uses the ratio of H(2)O and D(2)O high harmonic yields to isolate the characteristic nuclear motion of the molecular ionic states. The nuclear motion initiated via ionization of the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) is small and is expected to lead to similar harmonic yields for the two isotopes. In contrast, ionization of the second least bound orbital (HOMO-1) exhibits itself via a strong bending motion which creates a significant isotope effect. We elaborate on this interpretation by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation to simulate strong field ionization and high harmonic generation from the water isotopes. We expect that this isotope marking scheme for probing excited ionic states in strong field processes can be generalized to other molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Farrell
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Lab, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park California 94025, USA
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37
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Abstract
AbstractStatistical thermodynamics is used to derive the reaction rate for melting and freezing by considering an atomically sharp interface with or without an activated intermediate state. The resulting predictions differ substantially from those of the classical kinetic rate theory at large deviations from equilibrium. The model may be appropriate for the analysis of pulsed laser melting experiments where large deviations are expected.
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38
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Doumy G, Roedig C, Son SK, Blaga CI, DiChiara AD, Santra R, Berrah N, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Bucksbaum PH, Cryan JP, Fang L, Ghimire S, Glownia JM, Hoener M, Kanter EP, Krässig B, Kuebel M, Messerschmidt M, Paulus GG, Reis DA, Rohringer N, Young L, Agostini P, DiMauro LF. Nonlinear atomic response to intense ultrashort x rays. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:083002. [PMID: 21405568 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.083002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The nonlinear absorption mechanisms of neon atoms to intense, femtosecond kilovolt x rays are investigated. The production of Ne(9+) is observed at x-ray frequencies below the Ne(8+), 1s(2) absorption edge and demonstrates a clear quadratic dependence on fluence. Theoretical analysis shows that the production is a combination of the two-photon ionization of Ne(8+) ground state and a high-order sequential process involving single-photon production and ionization of transient excited states on a time scale faster than the Auger decay. We find that the nonlinear direct two-photon ionization cross section is orders of magnitude higher than expected from previous calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Doumy
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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39
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Cryan JP, Glownia JM, Andreasson J, Belkacem A, Berrah N, Blaga CI, Bostedt C, Bozek J, Buth C, DiMauro LF, Fang L, Gessner O, Guehr M, Hajdu J, Hertlein MP, Hoener M, Kornilov O, Marangos JP, March AM, McFarland BK, Merdji H, Petrović VS, Raman C, Ray D, Reis D, Tarantelli F, Trigo M, White JL, White W, Young L, Bucksbaum PH, Coffee RN. Auger electron angular distribution of double core-hole states in the molecular reference frame. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:083004. [PMID: 20868096 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.083004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The Linac Coherent Light Source free electron laser is a source of high brightness x rays, 2×10(11) photons in a ∼5 fs pulse, that can be focused to produce double core vacancies through rapid sequential ionization. This enables double core vacancy Auger electron spectroscopy, an entirely new way to study femtosecond chemical dynamics with Auger electrons that probe the local valence structure of molecules near a specific atomic core. Using 1.1 keV photons for sequential x-ray ionization of impulsively aligned molecular nitrogen, we observed a rich single-site double core vacancy Auger electron spectrum near 413 eV, in good agreement with ab initio calculations, and we measured the corresponding Auger electron angle dependence in the molecular frame.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Cryan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, The PULSE Institute for Ultrafast Energy Science, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.
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40
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Fang L, Hoener M, Gessner O, Tarantelli F, Pratt ST, Kornilov O, Buth C, Gühr M, Kanter EP, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Bucksbaum PH, Chen M, Coffee R, Cryan J, Glownia M, Kukk E, Leone SR, Berrah N. Double core-hole production in N2: beating the Auger clock. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:083005. [PMID: 20868097 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.083005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the creation of double K-shell holes in N2 molecules via sequential absorption of two photons on a time scale shorter than the core-hole lifetime by using intense x-ray pulses from the Linac Coherent Light Source free electron laser. The production and decay of these states is characterized by photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy. In molecules, two types of double core holes are expected, the first with two core holes on the same N atom, and the second with one core hole on each N atom. We report the first direct observations of the former type of core hole in a molecule, in good agreement with theory, and provide an experimental upper bound for the relative contribution of the latter type.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fang
- Physics Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA.
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41
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Glownia JM, Cryan J, Andreasson J, Belkacem A, Berrah N, Blaga CI, Bostedt C, Bozek J, DiMauro LF, Fang L, Frisch J, Gessner O, Gühr M, Hajdu J, Hertlein MP, Hoener M, Huang G, Kornilov O, Marangos JP, March AM, McFarland BK, Merdji H, Petrovic VS, Raman C, Ray D, Reis DA, Trigo M, White JL, White W, Wilcox R, Young L, Coffee RN, Bucksbaum PH. Time-resolved pump-probe experiments at the LCLS. Opt Express 2010; 18:17620-30. [PMID: 20721148 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.017620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The first time-resolved x-ray/optical pump-probe experiments at the SLAC Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) used a combination of feedback methods and post-analysis binning techniques to synchronize an ultrafast optical laser to the linac-based x-ray laser. Transient molecular nitrogen alignment revival features were resolved in time-dependent x-ray-induced fragmentation spectra. These alignment features were used to find the temporal overlap of the pump and probe pulses. The strong-field dissociation of x-ray generated quasi-bound molecular dications was used to establish the residual timing jitter. This analysis shows that the relative arrival time of the Ti:Sapphire laser and the x-ray pulses had a distribution with a standard deviation of approximately 120 fs. The largest contribution to the jitter noise spectrum was the locking of the laser oscillator to the reference RF of the accelerator, which suggests that simple technical improvements could reduce the jitter to better than 50 fs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Glownia
- The PULSE Institute for Ultrafast Energy Science, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025. USA.
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42
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Young L, Kanter EP, Krässig B, Li Y, March AM, Pratt ST, Santra R, Southworth SH, Rohringer N, Dimauro LF, Doumy G, Roedig CA, Berrah N, Fang L, Hoener M, Bucksbaum PH, Cryan JP, Ghimire S, Glownia JM, Reis DA, Bozek JD, Bostedt C, Messerschmidt M. Femtosecond electronic response of atoms to ultra-intense X-rays. Nature 2010; 466:56-61. [PMID: 20596013 DOI: 10.1038/nature09177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 259] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 05/10/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
An era of exploring the interactions of high-intensity, hard X-rays with matter has begun with the start-up of a hard-X-ray free-electron laser, the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). Understanding how electrons in matter respond to ultra-intense X-ray radiation is essential for all applications. Here we reveal the nature of the electronic response in a free atom to unprecedented high-intensity, short-wavelength, high-fluence radiation (respectively 10(18) W cm(-2), 1.5-0.6 nm, approximately 10(5) X-ray photons per A(2)). At this fluence, the neon target inevitably changes during the course of a single femtosecond-duration X-ray pulse-by sequentially ejecting electrons-to produce fully-stripped neon through absorption of six photons. Rapid photoejection of inner-shell electrons produces 'hollow' atoms and an intensity-induced X-ray transparency. Such transparency, due to the presence of inner-shell vacancies, can be induced in all atomic, molecular and condensed matter systems at high intensity. Quantitative comparison with theory allows us to extract LCLS fluence and pulse duration. Our successful modelling of X-ray/atom interactions using a straightforward rate equation approach augurs favourably for extension to complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Young
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
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43
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44
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Hoener M, Fang L, Kornilov O, Gessner O, Pratt ST, Gühr M, Kanter EP, Blaga C, Bostedt C, Bozek JD, Bucksbaum PH, Buth C, Chen M, Coffee R, Cryan J, Dimauro L, Glownia M, Hosler E, Kukk E, Leone SR, McFarland B, Messerschmidt M, Murphy B, Petrovic V, Rolles D, Berrah N. Ultraintense x-ray induced ionization, dissociation, and frustrated absorption in molecular nitrogen. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 104:253002. [PMID: 20867372 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.104.253002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Sequential multiple photoionization of the prototypical molecule N2 is studied with femtosecond time resolution using the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS). A detailed picture of intense x-ray induced ionization and dissociation dynamics is revealed, including a molecular mechanism of frustrated absorption that suppresses the formation of high charge states at short pulse durations. The inverse scaling of the average target charge state with x-ray peak brightness has possible implications for single-pulse imaging applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hoener
- Western Michigan University Physics Department, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
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45
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Farrell JP, Spector LS, Gaarde MB, McFarland BK, Bucksbaum PH, Gühr M. Strongly dispersive transient Bragg grating for high harmonics. Opt Lett 2010; 35:2028-2030. [PMID: 20548375 DOI: 10.1364/ol.35.002028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We create a transient Bragg grating in a high-harmonic generation medium using two counterpropagating pulses. The Bragg grating disperses the harmonics in angle and can diffract a large bandwidth with temporal resolution limited only by the source size.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Farrell
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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46
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Farrell JP, McFarland BK, Bucksbaum PH, Gühr M. Calibration of a high harmonic spectrometer by laser induced plasma emission. Opt Express 2009; 17:15134-15144. [PMID: 19687991 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.015134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We present a method that allows for a convenient switching between high harmonic generation (HHG) and accurate calibration of the vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectrometer used to analyze the harmonic spectrum. The accurate calibration of HHG spectra is becoming increasingly important for the determination of electronic structures. The wavelength of the laser harmonics themselves depend on the details of the harmonic geometry and phase matching, making them unsuitable for calibration purposes. In our calibration mode, the target resides directly at the focus of the laser, thereby enhancing plasma emission and suppressing harmonic generation. In HHG mode, the source medium resides in front or after the focus, showing enhanced HHG and no plasma emission lines. We analyze the plasma emission and use it for a direct calibration of our HHG spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Farrell
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA
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47
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Ravasio A, Gauthier D, Maia FRNC, Billon M, Caumes JP, Garzella D, Géléoc M, Gobert O, Hergott JF, Pena AM, Perez H, Carré B, Bourhis E, Gierak J, Madouri A, Mailly D, Schiedt B, Fajardo M, Gautier J, Zeitoun P, Bucksbaum PH, Hajdu J, Merdji H. Single-shot diffractive imaging with a table-top femtosecond soft x-ray laser-harmonics source. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 103:028104. [PMID: 19659250 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.103.028104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Coherent x-ray diffractive imaging is a powerful method for studies on nonperiodic structures on the nanoscale. Access to femtosecond dynamics in major physical, chemical, and biological processes requires single-shot diffraction data. Up to now, this has been limited to intense coherent pulses from a free electron laser. Here we show that laser-driven ultrashort x-ray sources offer a comparatively inexpensive alternative. We present measurements of single-shot diffraction patterns from isolated nano-objects with a single 20 fs pulse from a table-top high-harmonic x-ray laser. Images were reconstructed with a resolution of 119 nm from the single shot and 62 nm from multiple shots.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ravasio
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Service des Photons, Atomes et Molécules, Bâtiment 522, Centre d'Etude de Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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48
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Carroll EC, White JL, Florean AC, Bucksbaum PH, Sension RJ. Multiphoton Control of the 1,3-Cyclohexadiene Ring-Opening Reaction in the Presence of Competing Solvent Reactions. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:6811-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8013404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth C. Carroll
- FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040
| | - James L. White
- FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040
| | - Andrei C. Florean
- FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040
| | - Philip H. Bucksbaum
- FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040
| | - Roseanne J. Sension
- FOCUS Center, University of Michigan, 450 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040
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49
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Carroll EC, Florean AC, Bucksbaum PH, Spears KG, Sension RJ. Phase control of the competition between electronic transitions in a solvated laser dye. Chem Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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50
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Lindenberg AM, Engemann S, Gaffney KJ, Sokolowski-Tinten K, Larsson J, Hillyard PB, Reis DA, Fritz DM, Arthur J, Akre RA, George MJ, Deb A, Bucksbaum PH, Hajdu J, Meyer DA, Nicoul M, Blome C, Tschentscher T, Cavalieri AL, Falcone RW, Lee SH, Pahl R, Rudati J, Fuoss PH, Nelson AJ, Krejcik P, Siddons DP, Lorazo P, Hastings JB. X-ray diffuse scattering measurements of nucleation dynamics at femtosecond resolution. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:135502. [PMID: 18517965 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.135502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Femtosecond time-resolved small and wide angle x-ray diffuse scattering techniques are applied to investigate the ultrafast nucleation processes that occur during the ablation process in semiconducting materials. Following intense optical excitation, a transient liquid state of high compressibility characterized by large-amplitude density fluctuations is observed and the buildup of these fluctuations is measured in real time. Small-angle scattering measurements reveal snapshots of the spontaneous nucleation of nanoscale voids within a metastable liquid and support theoretical predictions of the ablation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Lindenberg
- PULSE Center, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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