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Prentice P. Fifteen-minute consultation: Clinical pubertal assessment. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2022; 107:253-256. [PMID: 33990373 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2020-320386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A pubertal assessment is an important part of the clinical examination of a young person. Clinicians must be empowered to do this confidently and in a sensitive manner. Tanner staging allows an objective measurement of pubertal status, including pubic and axillary hair growth, and breast or genital development. Alongside history, age and growth patterns, pubertal assessment can identify normal, precocious, delayed or arrested puberty and be suggestive of underlying pathology. This article aims to familiarise clinicians with the pubertal assessment, both the examination and interpretation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Prentice
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, The Royal London Hospital, London, UK
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2
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Shariq OA, Lines KE, English KA, Jafar-Mohammadi B, Prentice P, Casey R, Challis BG, Selberherr A, Boon H, Cranston T, Ryan FJ, Mihai R, Healy U, Kurzawinski T, Dattani MT, Bancos I, Dy BM, Lyden ML, Young WF, McKenzie TJ, Richards D, Thakker RV. Corrigendum to ‘Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 in children and adolescents: Clinical features and treatment outcomes’ [Surgery 171 (2021) 77–87]. Surgery 2022; 171:1708-1711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Prentice P. Guideline review: congenital adrenal hyperplasia clinical practice guideline 2018. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2021; 106:354-357. [PMID: 33272921 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-317573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Prentice
- Paediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London WC1N 3JH, UK
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Prentice P. Updated NICE guidance: diabetic ketoacidosis in children and young people 2020. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2021; 106:229. [PMID: 33692037 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-321669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Shariq OA, Lines KE, English KA, Jafar-Mohammadi B, Prentice P, Casey R, Challis BG, Selberherr A, Boon H, Cranston T, Ryan FJ, Mihai R, Healy U, Kurzawinski T, Dattani MT, Bancos I, Dy BM, Lyden ML, Young WF, McKenzie TJ, Richards D, Thakker RV. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 in children and adolescents: Clinical features and treatment outcomes. Surgery 2021; 171:77-87. [PMID: 34183184 DOI: 10.1016/j.surg.2021.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes in children and adolescents with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 are not well characterized. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 80 patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 who commenced tumor surveillance at ≤18 years of age. RESULTS Fifty-six patients (70%) developed an endocrine tumor by age ≤18 years (median age = 14 years, range = 6-18 years). Primary hyperparathyroidism occurred in >80% of patients, with >70% undergoing parathyroidectomy, in which less-than-subtotal (<3-gland) resection resulted in decreased disease-free outcomes versus subtotal (3-3.5-gland) or total (4-gland) parathyroidectomy (median 27 months versus not reached; P = .005). Pancreaticoduodenal neuroendocrine tumors developed in ∼35% of patients, of whom >70% had nonfunctioning tumors, >35% had insulinomas, and <5% had gastrinomas, with ∼15% having metastases and >55% undergoing surgery. Pituitary tumors developed in >30% of patients, and ∼35% were macroprolactinomas. Tumor occurrence in male patients and female patients was not significantly different. Genetic analyses revealed 38 germline MEN1 mutations, of which 3 were novel. CONCLUSION Seventy percent of children aged ≤18 years with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 develop endocrine tumors, which include parathyroid tumors for which less-than-subtotal parathyroidectomy should be avoided; pancreaticoduodenal neuroendocrine tumors that may metastasize; and pituitary macroprolactinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omair A Shariq
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. https://twitter.com/@omairshariq
| | - Kate E Lines
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/@klines500
| | - Katherine A English
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/@Katie__English
| | - Bahram Jafar-Mohammadi
- Department of Endocrinology Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa Prentice
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Casey
- Department of Endocrinology, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin G Challis
- Department of Endocrinology, Cambridge University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hannah Boon
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, United Kingdom
| | - Treena Cranston
- Oxford Medical Genetics Laboratories, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Churchill Hospital, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona J Ryan
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Oxford Children's Hospital, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Radu Mihai
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. https://twitter.com/RaduMiSurgeon
| | - Ultan Healy
- Department of Endocrinology Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Kurzawinski
- Centre for Endocrine Surgery, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mehul T Dattani
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children and UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Irina Bancos
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. https://twitter.com/@IrinaBancos
| | - Benzon M Dy
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - William F Young
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | | | - Duncan Richards
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Botnar Research Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Rajesh V Thakker
- Academic Endocrine Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, United Kingdom.
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Furse S, Snowden SG, Olga L, Prentice P, Ong KK, Hughes IA, Acerini CL, Dunger DB, Koulman A. Evidence from 3-month-old infants shows that a combination of postnatal feeding and exposures in utero shape lipid metabolism. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14321. [PMID: 31586083 PMCID: PMC6778076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50693-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We tested the hypothesis that both postnatal feeding and conditions in utero affect lipid metabolism in infants. Infants who experienced restrictive growth conditions in utero and others exposed to maternal hyperglycaemia were compared to a control group with respect to feeding mode. Dried blood spots were collected from a pilot subset of infant participants of the Cambridge Baby Growth Study at 3mo. Groups: (a) a normal gestation (control, n = 40), (b) small for gestational age (SGA, n = 34) and (c) whose mothers developed hyperglycaemia (n = 59). These groups were further stratified by feeding mode; breastfed, formula-fed or received a mixed intake. Their phospholipid, glyceride and sterol fractions were profiled using direct infusion mass spectrometry. Statistical tests were used to identify molecular species that indicated differences in lipid metabolism. The abundance of several phospholipids identified by multivariate analysis, PC(34:1), PC(34:2) and PC-O(34:1), was 30-100% higher across all experimental groups. SM(39:1) was around half as abundant in in utero groups among breastfed infants only. The evidence from this pilot study shows that phospholipid metabolism is modulated by both conditions in utero and postnatal feeding in a cohort of 133 Caucasian infants, three months post partum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Furse
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Level 4 Pathology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Stuart G Snowden
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Level 4 Pathology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Laurentya Olga
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Philippa Prentice
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ieuan A Hughes
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Carlo L Acerini
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - David B Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- Core Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Level 4 Pathology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome Trust-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Petry CJ, Koulman A, Lu L, Jenkins B, Furse S, Prentice P, Matthews L, Hughes IA, Acerini CL, Ong KK, Dunger DB. Associations between the maternal circulating lipid profile in pregnancy and fetal imprinted gene alleles: a cohort study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2018; 16:82. [PMID: 30157874 PMCID: PMC6116391 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-018-0399-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Imprinted genes, which are expressed in a parent of origin-specific manner, are thought to mediate the genetic priorities of each parent in pregnancy. Recently we reported that some fetal imprinted gene variants are associated with maternal glucose concentrations and blood pressures in pregnancy. We suggest that the conflict between the effects of paternal and maternal transmitted genes starts at conception and may already be evident in measures of maternal metabolism in early pregnancy, before gestational diabetes is manifest. METHODS Lipid fractions in maternal non-fasting serum collected around week 15 of pregnancy were profiled using direct infusion mass spectrometry in a subset Discovery Cohort (n = 200) of women from the Cambridge Baby Growth Study using direct infusion mass spectrometry. Associations between 151 haplotype-tag fetal polymorphisms in 16 imprinted genes and lipids were determined using partial least squares discriminant analysis. Variable importance in projection scores were used to identify those lipid species that contribute most to the underlying variation in the lipid profile and the concentrations of these species tested for associations with fetal imprinted gene alleles using linear regression. In an internal Validation Cohort (n = 567 women from the same cohort) the lipid fraction was profiled using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and tested for associations with the same fetal imprinted gene variants as above, followed by meta-analysis of associations from the Discovery and Validation Cohorts. RESULTS The most significant associations were between a monounsaturated triglyceride (44:1) and both paternally-transmitted fetal H19 rs7950932 (R = 0.14, p = 2.9 × 10- 3, n = 386) and maternally-transmitted fetal FAM99A rs7131362 (R = 0.18, p = 6.2 × 10- 3, n = 351; association with maternal-untransmitted allele R = 0.08, p = 0.07, n = 328). This same triglyceride isoform was also associated with subsequent week 28 fasting glucose concentrations (R = 0.09, p = 9.9 × 10- 3, n = 673) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (R = 0.09, p = 0.01, n = 664). CONCLUSIONS Fetal imprinted genes may influence maternal circulating clinically relevant triglyceride concentrations early in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clive J Petry
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Albert Koulman
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, UK
- The Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Liangjian Lu
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- Khoo Teck Puat-National University Children's Medical Institute, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Jenkins
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Samuel Furse
- The Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philippa Prentice
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Lee Matthews
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ieuan A Hughes
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Carlo L Acerini
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ken K Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- The Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David B Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
- The Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Prentice P, Elleri D. Fifteen-minute consultation: Insulin pumps for type 1 diabetes in children and young people. Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 2018; 103:131-136. [PMID: 29298818 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2016-310884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing worldwide use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusions in paediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D), reflecting recent research outcomes and guidance, as well as families' wishes. Children/young people may present acutely with medical or surgical problems, in addition to issues related to T1D. This review provides general paediatricians with an introduction to pump therapy, highlighting common problems, management issues and when to seek specialist advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Prentice
- Department of Paediatrics, North Middlesex University Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Daniela Elleri
- Department of Paediatric Endocrinology, Royal Hospital for Sick Children, Edinburgh, UK
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Petry CJ, Mooslehner K, Prentice P, Hayes MG, Nodzenski M, Scholtens DM, Hughes IA, Acerini CL, Ong KK, Lowe WL, Dunger DB. Associations between a fetal imprinted gene allele score and late pregnancy maternal glucose concentrations. Diabetes Metab 2017; 43:323-331. [PMID: 28392167 PMCID: PMC5507297 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aim We hypothesised that some of the genetic risk for gestational diabetes (GDM) is due to the fetal genome affecting maternal glucose concentrations. Previously, we found associations between fetal IGF2 gene variants and maternal glucose concentrations in late pregnancy. Methods In the present study, we tested associations between SNP alleles from 15 fetal imprinted genes and maternal glucose concentrations in late pregnancy in the Cambridge Baby Growth and Wellbeing cohorts (1160 DNA trios). Results Four fetal SNP alleles with the strongest univariate associations: paternally-transmitted IGF2 rs10770125 (P-value = 2 × 10–4) and INS rs2585 (P-value = 7 × 10–4), and maternally-transmitted KCNQ1(OT1) rs231841 (P-value = 1 × 10–3) and KCNQ1(OT1) rs7929804 (P-value = 4 × 10–3), were used to construct a composite fetal imprinted gene allele score which was associated with maternal glucose concentrations (P-value = 4.3 × 10–6, n = 981, r2 = 2.0%) and GDM prevalence (odds ratio per allele 1.44 (1.15, 1.80), P-value = 1 × 10–3, n = 89 cases and 899 controls). Meta-analysis of the associations including data from 1367 Hyperglycaemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Study participants confirmed the paternally-transmitted fetal IGF2/INS SNP associations (rs10770125, P-value = 3.2 × 10–8, rs2585, P-value = 3.6 × 10–5) and the composite fetal imprinted gene allele score association (P-value = 1.3 × 10–8), but not the maternally-transmitted fetal KCNQ1(OT1) associations (rs231841, P-value = 0.4; rs7929804, P-value = 0.2). Conclusion This study suggests that polymorphic variation in fetal imprinted genes, particularly in the IGF2/INS region, contribute a small but significant part to the risk of raised late pregnancy maternal glucose concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Petry
- Department of Paediatrics, Box 116, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK.
| | - K Mooslehner
- Department of Paediatrics, Box 116, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - P Prentice
- Department of Paediatrics, Box 116, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - M G Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Nodzenski
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D M Scholtens
- Division of Biostatistics, Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - I A Hughes
- Department of Paediatrics, Box 116, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - C L Acerini
- Department of Paediatrics, Box 116, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK
| | - K K Ong
- Department of Paediatrics, Box 116, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - W L Lowe
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D B Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, Box 116, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, CB2 0QQ Cambridge, UK; Medical Research Laboratories, The Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Acharjee A, Prentice P, Acerini C, Smith J, Hughes IA, Ong K, Griffin JL, Dunger D, Koulman A. The translation of lipid profiles to nutritional biomarkers in the study of infant metabolism. Metabolomics 2017; 13:25. [PMID: 28190990 PMCID: PMC5272886 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-017-1166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Links between early life exposures and later health outcomes may, in part, be due to nutritional programming in infancy. This hypothesis is supported by observed long-term benefits associated with breastfeeding, such as better cognitive development in childhood, and lower risks of obesity and high blood pressure in later life. However, the possible underlying mechanisms are expected to be complex and may be difficult to disentangle due to the lack of understanding of the metabolic processes that differentiate breastfed infants compared to those receiving just formula feed. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the relationships between infant feeding and the lipid profiles and to validate specific lipids in separate datasets so that a small set of lipids can be used as nutritional biomarkers. METHOD We utilized a direct infusion high-resolution mass spectrometry method to analyse the lipid profiles of 3.2 mm dried blood spot samples collected at age 3 months from the Cambridge Baby Growth Study (CBGS-1), which formed the discovery cohort. For validation two sample sets were profiled: Cambridge Baby Growth Study (CBGS-2) and Pregnancy Outcome Prediction Study (POPS). Lipidomic profiles were compared between infant groups who were either exclusively breastfed, exclusively formula-fed or mixed-fed at various levels. Data analysis included supervised Random Forest method with combined classification and regression mode. Selection of lipids was based on an iterative backward elimination procedure without compromising the class error in the classification mode. CONCLUSION From this study, we were able to identify and validate three lipids: PC(35:2), SM(36:2) and SM(39:1) that can be used collectively as biomarkers for infant nutrition during early development. These biomarkers can be used to determine whether young infants (3-6 months) are breast-fed or receive formula milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Animesh Acharjee
- 0000 0004 0606 2472grid.415055.0MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Philippa Prentice
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Carlo Acerini
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Smith
- 0000 0004 0606 2472grid.415055.0MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- 0000 0004 1936 8403grid.9909.9School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Ieuan A. Hughes
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ken Ong
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- 0000 0004 0606 2472grid.415055.0MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Dunger
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- 0000 0004 0606 2472grid.415055.0MRC Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, Cambridge, UK
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0NIHR BRC Clinical Metabolomics and Lipidomics Laboratory, Level 4, Laboratory Block, Cambridge University Hospitals, University of Cambridge, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
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Prentice P, Ong KK, Schoemaker MH, Tol EAF, Vervoort J, Hughes IA, Acerini CL, Dunger DB. Breast milk nutrient content and infancy growth. Acta Paediatr 2016; 105:641-7. [PMID: 26865238 PMCID: PMC4949511 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim Benefits of human breast milk (HM) in avoiding rapid infancy weight gain and later obesity could relate to its nutrient content. We tested the hypothesis that differential HM total calorie content (TCC) or macronutrient contents may be associated with infancy growth. Methods HM hindmilk samples were collected at ages 4–8 weeks from 614 mothers participating in a representative birth cohort, with repeated infancy anthropometry. HM triglyceride (fat), lipid analytes and lactose (carbohydrate) were measured by 1H‐NMR, and protein content by the Dumas method. TCC and %macronutrients were determined. Results In 614 HM samples, fat content was as follows: [median(IQR)]: 2.6 (1.7–3.6) g/100 mL, carbohydrate: 8.6 (8.2–8.8) g/100 mL, protein: 1.2 (1.1–1.2) g/100 mL; TCC: 61.8 (53.7–71.3) kcal/100 mL. HM of mothers exclusively breast feeding vs. mixed feeding was more calorific with higher %fat, lower %carbohydrate and lower %protein. Higher HM TCC was associated with lower 12‐months body mass index (BMI)/adiposity, and lower 3–12 months gains in weight/BMI. HM %fat was inversely related to 3–12 months gains in weight, BMI and adiposity, whereas %carbohydrate was positively related to these measures. HM %protein was positively related to 12‐months BMI. Conclusion HM analysis showed wide variation in %macronutrients. Although data on milk intakes were unavailable, our findings suggest functional relevance of HM milk composition to infant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Prentice
- Department of Paediatrics MRL Wellcome Trust‐MRC Institute of Metabolic Science NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Ken K. Ong
- Department of Paediatrics MRL Wellcome Trust‐MRC Institute of Metabolic Science NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
- MRC Epidemiology Unit University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | | | - Eric A. F. Tol
- Mead Johnson Pediatric Nutrition Institute Nijmegen Netherlands
| | | | - Ieuan A. Hughes
- Department of Paediatrics MRL Wellcome Trust‐MRC Institute of Metabolic Science NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Carlo L. Acerini
- Department of Paediatrics MRL Wellcome Trust‐MRC Institute of Metabolic Science NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - David B. Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics MRL Wellcome Trust‐MRC Institute of Metabolic Science NIHR Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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Prentice P, Acerini CL, Eleftheriou A, Hughes IA, Ong KK, Dunger DB. Cohort Profile: the Cambridge Baby Growth Study (CBGS). Int J Epidemiol 2015; 45:35.a-g. [PMID: 26721600 PMCID: PMC4795564 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Prentice
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK and
| | - Carlo L Acerini
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK and
| | | | - Ieuan A Hughes
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK and
| | - Kenneth K Ong
- Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David B Dunger
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK and
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Vail B, Prentice P, Dunger DB, Hughes IA, Acerini CL, Ong KK. Age at Weaning and Infant Growth: Primary Analysis and Systematic Review. J Pediatr 2015; 167:317-24.e1. [PMID: 26073105 PMCID: PMC4520860 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2015.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether earlier age at weaning (age 3-6 months) may promote faster growth during infancy. STUDY DESIGN Weaning at age 3.0-7.0 months was reported by 571 mothers of term singletons in a prospective birth cohort study conducted in Cambridge, UK. Infant weight and length were measured at birth and at age 3 months and 12 months. Anthropometric values were transformed into age- and sex-adjusted z-scores. Three linear regression models were performed, including adjustment for confounders in a stepwise manner. Measurements at age 3 months, before weaning, were used to consider reverse causality. RESULTS Almost three-quarters (72.9%) of infants were weaned before age 6 months. Age at weaning of 3.0-7.0 months was inversely associated with weight and length (but not with body mass index) at 12 months (both P ≤ .01, adjusted for maternal and demographic factors). These associations were attenuated after adjustment for type of milk feeding and weight or length at age 3 months (before weaning). Rapid weight gain between 0 and 3 months predicted subsequent earlier age at weaning (P = .01). Our systematic review identified 2 trials, both reporting null effects of age at weaning on growth, and 15 observational studies, with 10 reporting an inverse association between age at weaning and infant growth and 4 reporting evidence of reverse causality. CONCLUSION In high-income countries, weaning between 3 and 6 months appears to have a neutral effect on infant growth. Inverse associations are likely related to reverse causality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brennan Vail
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Philippa Prentice
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David B. Dunger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ieuan A. Hughes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo L. Acerini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ken K. Ong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Reprint requests: Ken K. Ong, PhD, MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Box 285, Institute of Metabolic Science, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Prentice P, Koulman A, Matthews L, Acerini CL, Ong KK, Dunger DB. Lipidomic analyses, breast- and formula-feeding, and growth in infants. J Pediatr 2015; 166:276-81.e6. [PMID: 25454937 PMCID: PMC4302220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate lipidomic differences between breast- and formula-fed infants. STUDY DESIGN We utilized high-resolution mass-spectrometry methods to analyze 3.2 mm dried blood spot samples collected at ages 3 months (n = 241) and 12 months (n = 144) from a representative birth cohort study. Lipidomic profiles were compared between infants exclusively breast-fed, formula-fed, or mixed-fed, and related to 12-month infancy weight. Data analysis included supervised multivariate statistics (partial least squares discriminant analysis), and univariate analysis with correction for multiple testing. RESULTS Distinct differences in 3-month lipidomic profiles were observed between exclusively breast-fed and formula-fed infants; mixed-fed infants showed intermediate profiles. Principle lipidomic characteristics of breast-fed infants were lower total phosphatidylcholines (PCs), with specifically lower short chain unsaturated PC but higher long chain polyunsaturated PC; higher cholesterol esters; and variable differences in sphingomyelins. At 12 months, lipidomic profiles were markedly different to those at 3 months, and differences between the earlier breast/formula/mixed-feeding groups were no longer evident. However, several specific lipid species, associated with breast-feeding at 3 months, also correlated with differences in 3- to 12-month weight. CONCLUSIONS State-of-the-art dried blood spot sample lipidomic profiling demonstrated striking differences between breast-fed and formula-fed infants. Although these changes diminished with age, breast-fed lipidomic profiles at 3 months were associated with infancy weight and could potentially represent biomarkers of infant nutrition.
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Key Words
- cbgs, cambridge baby growth study
- ce, cholesterol ester
- dbs, dried blood spot
- lc-pufa, long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid
- pc, phosphatidylcholine
- pc-o, 1-alkyl,2-acylglycerophosphocholine
- pc-p, 1-(alkenyl),2-acylglycerophosphocholin
- pls-da, partial least squares-discriminant analysis
- sm, sphingomyelin
- tg, triglyceride
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Prentice
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute of Human Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Albert Koulman
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lee Matthews
- Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo L. Acerini
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute of Human Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ken K. Ong
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute of Human Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - David B. Dunger
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Institute of Metabolic Science, National Institute of Human Research Cambridge Comprehensive Biomedical Research Center, Cambridge, United Kingdom,Reprint requests: David B. Dunger, MD, Department of Pediatrics, Box 116, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philippa Prentice
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
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Koulman A, Prentice P, Wong MCY, Matthews L, Bond NJ, Eiden M, Griffin JL, Dunger DB. The development and validation of a fast and robust dried blood spot based lipid profiling method to study infant metabolism. Metabolomics 2014; 10:1018-1025. [PMID: 25177234 PMCID: PMC4145199 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-014-0628-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Early life exposures and metabolic programming are associated with later disease risk. In particular lipid metabolism is thought to play a key role in the development of the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in later life. Investigative studies of metabolic programming are limited by the ethics and practicalities of sample collection in small infants. Dried blood spots on filter paper, derived from heel pricks are considered as the most suitable option for this age group. We validated a novel lipid profiling method, based on high resolution mass spectrometry to successfully determine the lipid composition of infants using dried blood spots. The spotting and air drying of blood on paper has noticeable effects on many of the lipids, leading to lipid oxidation and hydrolysis, which demand careful interpretation of the obtained data. We compared the lipid profiles from plasma or whole blood samples and the results from dried blood spots to determine if these revealed the same inter-subject differences. The results from dried blood spots were no less reproducible than other lipid profiling methods which required comparatively larger sample volumes. Therefore, lipid profiles obtained from dried blood spots can be successfully used to monitor infancy lipid metabolism and we show significant differences in the lipid metabolism of infants at age 3 versus 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Koulman
- 0000 0004 0606 2472grid.415055.0Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL UK
| | - Philippa Prentice
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Max C. Y. Wong
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
| | - Lee Matthews
- 0000 0004 0606 2472grid.415055.0Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL UK
| | - Nicholas J. Bond
- 0000 0004 0606 2472grid.415055.0Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL UK
| | - Michael Eiden
- 0000 0004 0606 2472grid.415055.0Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL UK
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- 0000 0004 0606 2472grid.415055.0Medical Research Council Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL UK
| | - David B. Dunger
- 0000000121885934grid.5335.0Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippa Prentice
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 116, Level 8, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Abstract
AIM To investigate how clinically well, term newborns at risk of early-onset Group B streptococcal (EOGBS) disease are currently managed in the United Kingdom (UK). METHODS Review of guidelines of UK neonatal units. RESULTS One hundred and twenty-five guidelines covering 157 neonatal units were received (71% of UK units), three of which were excluded from the review. We found great variation in every aspect for the management of EOGBS disease risk including the following: definition of risk factors; management of at-risk newborns; choice of antibiotics. CONCLUSION Our findings highlight the need for national consensus guidelines and clinical trials into the management of risk babies at risk of EOGBS disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Behjati
- University College Hospital NHS Trust, London, UK
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Sankaran P, Kamath AV, Tariq SM, Ruffell H, Smith AC, Prentice P, Subramanian DN, Musonda P, Myint PK. Are shock index and adjusted shock index useful in predicting mortality and length of stay in community-acquired pneumonia? Eur J Intern Med 2011; 22:282-5. [PMID: 21570648 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2010.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2010] [Revised: 12/11/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community Acquired Pneumonia (CAP) is a common infection which is associated with a significant mortality. Shock index, heart rate divided by blood pressure, has been shown to predict mortality in several conditions including sepsis, acute myocardial infarction and traumatic injuries. Very little is known about the prognostic value of shock index in community acquired pneumonia (CAP). OBJECTIVE To examine the usefulness of shock index (SI) and adjusted shock index (corrected to temperature) (ASI) in predicting mortality and hospital length of stay in patients admitted to hospital with CAP. METHODS A prospective study was conducted in three hospitals in Norfolk & Suffolk, UK. We compared risk of mortality and longer length of stay for low (=<1.0, i.e. heart rate =< systolic BP) and high (>1.0, i.e. heart rate > systolic BP) SI and ASI adjusting for age, sex and other parameters which have been shown to be associated with mortality in CAP. RESULTS A total of 190 patients were included (males=53%). The age range was 18-101 years (median=76 years). Patients with SI & ASI >1.0 had higher likelihood of dying within 6 weeks from admission. The adjusted odds ratio for 30 days mortality were 2.48 (1.04-5.92; p=0.04) for SI and 3.16 (1.12-8.95; p=0.03) for ASI. There was no evidence to suggest that they predict longer length of stay. CONCLUSION Both SI and ASI of >1.0 predict 6 weeks mortality but not longer length of stay in CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasanna Sankaran
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, UK.
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Abstract
AIM To characterize postdiagnosis changes in body mass index (BMI) among childhood survivors of suprasellar brain tumours, and to determine the risk factors associated with obesity. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of 46 children (16 boys and 30 girls) with median (IQR) age of 7.49 (3.47-11.59) years at tumour diagnosis, and followed up for 3.93 (1.68-7.27) years. Survival analyses were used to identify risks of developing obesity. RESULTS There were no sex differences in age at tumour diagnosis, duration of follow-up, tumour types, endocrinopathies, treatment modalities or baseline BMI SDS. In the first year after tumour diagnosis, ΔBMI SDS (median; IQR) was greater in girls (1.32; 0.07-2.08) than in boys (0.48; -0.40 to 0.89) (p = 0.01). At diagnosis, 3/46 children (6%) were obese; this increased to 20/46 (43%) by last follow-up (p < 0.001) and was more common in girls (17/30; 57%) than in boys (3/16; 19%). Female gender (hazard ratio 5.0, 95% CI 1.2-21.7; p = 0.04) and greater than average baseline BMI (hazard ratio 4.7, 95% CI 1.1-20.8; p = 0.02) were risk factors for subsequent obesity. CONCLUSION Accurate prediction of obesity risk is important and would allow early targeted intervention in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngee Lek
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, UK
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Myint PK, Musonda P, Sankaran P, Subramanian DN, Ruffell H, Smith AC, Prentice P, Tariq SM, Kamath AV. Confusion, Urea, Respiratory Rate and Shock Index or Adjusted Shock Index (CURSI or CURASI) criteria predict mortality in community-acquired pneumonia. Eur J Intern Med 2010; 21:429-33. [PMID: 20816599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2010.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 07/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is common and associated with a significant mortality. Shock index, heart rate divided by systolic blood pressure, has been shown to be associated with outcome in sepsis. OBJECTIVE To examine the usefulness of two new criteria CURSI (confusion, urea, respiratory rate and shock index), and CURASI where shock index is replaced by temperature adjusted shock index in mortality assessment of CAP. METHODS A prospective study was conducted in Norfolk and Suffolk, UK. We explored the usefulness of CURSI and CURASI which we derived and performed mapping exercise using a different cohort. In this study we compared these new indices with the CURB-65 criteria in correctly predicting mortality in CAP. RESULTS A total of 190 patients were included (males=53%). The age range was 18-101 years (median=76 years). There were a total of 54 deaths during a six-week follow-up. All died within 30-days. Sixty-five (34%) had severe pneumonia by CURB-65. Using CURSI and CURASI, 71(37%) and 69(36%) had severe pneumonia, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values in predicting death during six-week follow-up were comparable among three indices examined. The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve values (95%CI) for the criteria were 0.67(0.60-0.75) for CURB-65, 0.67(0.59-0.74) for CURSI and 0.66(0.58-0.74) for CURASI (p>0.05). There were strong agreements between these three indices (Kappa values > or =0.75 for all). Repeating analyses in those who were aged 65years and over (n=135) did not alter the results. CONCLUSIONS Both CURSI and CURASI are similarly useful to CURB-65 in predicting deaths associated with CAP including older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phyo K Myint
- School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, Health and Social Sciences Research Institute, Faculty of Health, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess clinical management of disorders of sex development (DSD) subsequent to recommendations issued in the 2006 Consensus Statement. DESIGN Online questionnaire and audit of DSD literature. SETTING Invitation to complete a 28-item online questionnaire and a 12-item follow-up questionnaire, both assessing current clinic statistics and clinical management of DSD. PARTICIPANTS Paediatric endocrinologists from 60 medical centres representing 23 European countries. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Clinic activity, multidisciplinary team composition, provision of psychological support services, incidence of feminising clitoroplasty and use of diagnostic algorithms and newly proposed nomenclature. ANALYSES Data are reported in terms of percentages with respect to implementation of recommendations outlined in the Consensus Statement. chi(2) was used to analyse changes in nomenclature reported in the literature. RESULTS 60 centres reported on management of an average of 97.3 (range 8-374) patients per year, totalling approximately 6000. The mean number of new referrals in the previous year was 23.27 (range 8-100). 57% of centres regularly included the services of recommended paediatric subspecialists: paediatric endocrinologist, paediatric surgeon/urologist, plastic surgeon, paediatric psychiatrist/psychologist, gynaecologist, clinical geneticist, histopathologist and neonatologist; 35% reported providing these and additional services of endocrine and surgical nurses, a social worker and a medical ethicist. Additionally, 95% of centres reported offering primary psychological support services (either child psychiatrist or psychologist). 65% of centres reported using a diagnostic algorithm, and 83.3% supported the development of a standardised algorithm. 52% and 44.8% of centres reported having performed fewer or similar numbers, respectively, of clitoroplasties than in previous years and only 3.4% reported an increase. Finally, 100% of respondents reported using the newly proposed terminology. Likewise, an audit of the literature reflected a recent reduction in usage of the non-preferred historical terminology. CONCLUSIONS There is evidence that the majority of European DSD centres have implemented policies and procedures in accordance with the recommendations issued by the 2006 Consensus Group. These findings represent a change in practice with the collaborative goal of improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pasterski
- Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Bishop FL, Lewis G, Harris S, McKay N, Prentice P, Thiel H, Lewith GT. A within-subjects trial to test the equivalence of online and paper outcome measures: the Roland Morris disability questionnaire. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010; 11:113. [PMID: 20529332 PMCID: PMC2896920 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2009] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Augmenting validated paper versions of existing outcome measures with an equivalent online version may offer substantial research advantages (cost, rapidity and reliability). However, equivalence of online and paper questionnaires cannot be assumed, nor can acceptability to respondents. The aim was to test whether online and written versions of the Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), a standard measure of functional disability in back pain, are equivalent at both group and individual levels to establish whether they can be used interchangeably. METHODS This is a within-participants equivalence study. 167 participants with back pain fully completed both the paper and online versions of the RMDQ in random order. Participants were recruited from a chiropractic clinic and patient support groups in Southern England. Limits of equivalence were pre-defined as 0.5 RMDQ points, the Bland-Altman range was calculated, and participants' comments were examined using content analysis. RESULTS The mean score difference was 0.03 (SD = 1.43), with the 95% Confidence Interval falling entirely within our limits of equivalence (-0.19 to 0.25). The Bland-Altman range was -2.77 to 2.83 RMDQ points. Participants identified unique advantages and disadvantages associated with each version of the RMDQ. CONCLUSIONS The group and individual level data suggest that online and paper versions of the RMDQ are equivalent and can be used interchangeably. The Bland-Altman range appears to reflect the known measurement properties of the RMDQ. Furthermore, participants' comments confirmed the potential value to be had from offering them the choice of completing the RMDQ online or on paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity L Bishop
- Complementary Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Graham Lewis
- Complementary Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Scott Harris
- School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Naomi McKay
- Anglo-European College of Chiropractic, Bournemouth, UK
| | | | - Haymo Thiel
- Anglo-European College of Chiropractic, Bournemouth, UK
| | - George T Lewith
- Complementary Medicine Research Unit, School of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Abstract
In 2006, a task force of 50 specialists sponsored by the European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology (ESPE) and the Lawson Wilkins Pediatric Endocrine Society (LWPES) devised a Consensus Statement outlining the recommendations for the management of disorders of sex development (DSDs; then referred to as 'intersex' disorders) as well as proposing a new nomenclature and DSD classification system. In the 2 years subsequent to its publication, the Statement has been widely cited and endorsed in the literature as a model for patient care. In addition, much of the scientific literature incorporates the newly proposed nomenclature and classification system as part of its own discourse. However, without a systematic analysis of the uptake of recommendations of the Statement, it is not possible to make valid conclusions regarding the uptake of the recommendations within clinical practice. Here we discuss the Consensus Statement and its impact with respect to the newly proposed nomenclature and psychosocial management according to a new study following 60 DSD centres throughout Europe. Finally, we discuss future directions for research in the management of DSD, beginning at the moment of disclosure.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pasterski
- Department of Paediatrics, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Level 8, Box 116, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Myint PK, Sankaran P, Musonda P, Subramanian DN, Ruffell H, Smith AC, Prentice P, Tariq SM, Kamath AV. Performance of CURB-65 and CURB-age in community-acquired pneumonia. Int J Clin Pract 2009; 63:1345-50. [PMID: 19691619 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2009.02147.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is common and associated with significant mortality. In this study, we validated a newly proposed severity assessment rule for CAP, CURB-age, and also compared with to the currently recommended criteria in UK, CURB-65. METHODS We conducted a prospective study in three hospitals in Norfolk and Suffolk, UK. One hundred and ninety patients were included and followed up for 6 weeks. RESULTS Of 190 patients, 100 were men (53%). The age range was 18-101 years (median 76 years). Sixty-five (34%) had severe pneumonia by CURB-65 and 54 (28%) had severe pneumonia by CURB-age. There were 54 deaths during follow-up. There were 32 deaths (50%) in severe and 22 deaths (18%) in non-severe group by CURB-65. There were 27 deaths each in both the groups by CURB-age (50% of severe cases and 20% of non-severe cases). For CURB-65, sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 59.3% (45.0-72.4), 75.7% (67.6-82.7), 49.2% (36.6-61.9) and 82.4% (74.6-88.6), respectively. For CURB-age, the respective values were 50.0% (31.1-63.9), 80.1% (72.4-86.5), 50.0% (36.1-63.9) and 80.1% (72.4-86.5). Exclusion of patients aged < 65 years did not alter the results. CONCLUSIONS Despite better specificity in correctly identifying 6-week mortality for CAP, CURB-age appears to be less sensitive than CURB-65. Our findings further assure the usefulness of CURB-65 for predicting mortality in CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Myint
- School of Medicine, Health Policy and Practice, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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Prentice P, Macdonald M, Frank T, Cuschier A, Spalding G, Sibbett W, Campbell P, Dholakia K. Manipulation and filtration of low index particles with holographic Laguerre-Gaussian optical trap arrays. Opt Express 2004; 12:593-600. [PMID: 19474861 DOI: 10.1364/opex.12.000593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Multiple low index particles (micrometer-sized ultrasound contrast agent), have been optically trapped using a 4 x 4 Laguerre- Gaussian trap array. The trapping efficiency of the Laguerre-Gaussian arrangement was measured using a Stokes' flow approach whereby the critical relative fluid velocity required to remove particles from the optical trap was measured. The dependence of trapping efficiency on beam power was also explored and the optimum beam parameters were identified. Finally, the utility of the array as a selective filter was demonstrated by tweezing multiple low-index particles from a population exhibiting an inherent distribution in size. This procedure represents a unique remote non-contact process that may have significant applicability throughout the fields of biophysics and biotechnology.
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Huang Y, Prentice P. Experimental study and computer simulation of the effect of spider shape on the weld-lines in extruded plastic pipe. POLYM ENG SCI 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.10321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Prentice P, Barber J, Grepe M. Nursing with a difference. RNAO News 1986; 42:7-8, 28. [PMID: 3641399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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