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Differential Expression of Caveolin-3, Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2, and Growth Differentiation Factor-15 Genes and Their Association with Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Multi-Specialty Hospital in Tamil Nadu. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2023; 27:109-119. [PMID: 36989524 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2022.0162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the world's leading causes of cardiovascular death. Recent studies have reported the influence of the genes caveolin-3 (CAV3), suppression of tumorigenicity 2, and growth differentiating factor-15 in cardiovascular diseases, especially myocardial infarction, but their role and function remain unclear. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the expression levels of these three genes in AMI and understanding the role of CAV-3 in the pathogenesis of AMI. Methods and Results: Blood samples were collected from 50 AMI patients and 50 non-AMI controls in this cross-sectional study. Relative expression levels of the three genes were performed using real-time PCR. Bioinformatics tools were used for functional gene enrichment and protein-protein interactions. CAV-3 was significantly upregulated among AMI patients compared to controls. In silico analyses identified CAV-3 as playing critical roles in smooth muscle contraction, cardiac conduction, and calcium-mediated transport via binding with essential proteins including dysferlin and annexins Conclusion: This study is a first of its kind, reporting an upregulation of CAV-3 in AMI patients. The expression of all three genes significantly influenced the systolic function of the heart in AMI patients. A more in-depth understanding of CAV-3 in the pathophysiology of AMI is essential and it may prove to be a novel.
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Prioritization of microRNA biomarkers for a prospective evaluation in a cohort of myocardial infarction patients based on their mechanistic role using public datasets. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:981335. [PMID: 36407428 PMCID: PMC9668885 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.981335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miR) have proven to be promising biomarkers for several diseases due to their diverse functions, stability and tissue/organ-specific nature. Identification of new markers with high sensitivity and specificity will help in risk reduction in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients with chest pain and also prevent future adverse outcomes. Hence the aim of this study was to perform a detailed in silico analysis for identifying the mechanistic role of miRs involved in the pathogenesis/prognosis of AMI for prospective evaluation in AMI patients. Methods miR profiling data was extracted from GSE148153 and GSE24591 datasets using the GEO2R gene expression omnibus repository and analyzed using limma algorithm. Differentially expressed miRs were obtained by comparing MI patients with corresponding controls after multiple testing corrections. Data mining for identifying candidate miRs from published literature was also performed. Target prediction and gene enrichment was done using standard bioinformatics tools. Disease specific analysis was performed to identify target genes specific for AMI using open targets platform. Protein-protein interaction and pathway analysis was done using STRING database and Cytoscape platform. Results and conclusion The analysis revealed significant miRs like let-7b-5p, let-7c-5p, miR-4505, and miR-342-3p in important functions/pathways including phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT and the mammalian target of rapamycin, advanced glycation end products and its receptor and renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system by directly targeting angiotensin II receptor type 1, forkhead box protein O1, etc. With this approach we were able to prioritize the miR candidates for a prospective clinical association study in AMI patients of south Indian origin.
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Usefullness of MicroRNAs in Predicting the Clinical Outcome of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction During Follow-Up: A Systematic Review. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2022; 26:277-289. [PMID: 35638909 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2021.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Myocardial infarction (MI) is reported as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. It is associated with a 30% mortality rate. Echocardiography, coronary angiography, and biomarkers like cardiac troponins are employed as prognostic tests. Although these biomarkers are the gold standard for the diagnosis of MI, they are not accurate as prognostic markers due to their lack of specificity. Studies have suggested that dysregulation of specific microRNAs (miRNAs) influences post-MI complications during follow-up. However, the findings of these studies have several inconsistencies. This systematic review was performed to investigate the potential of miRNAs to predict clinical outcomes post-MI. Methodology: Pubmed and Google Scholar databases were used for identifying research articles published from inception till August 2021; the search terms included "microRNAs" AND "prognosis" AND "myocardial infarction" or "acute coronary syndrome." All the articles included were critically analyzed using STROBE guidelines. Results and Conclusion: Several miRNAs were elevated in MI patients, including miR-208b, miR-499, and miR-375. Association of these miRNA levels with the outcome of MI, such as all-cause mortality and major adverse cardiovascular events during follow-up, were also reported. However, none of the studies included in this systematic review exhibited promising evidence that these miRNAs can be utilized as ideal biomarkers for prognosis post-MI. Understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis and progression of MI is crucial. Hence, these findings can be used as a guide when performing further experimental studies to identify useful post-MI prognostic markers.
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Prostate Disease Severity Score: In the management of benign enlargement of prostate. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL UROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/20514158221078468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Developing a simple, user-friendly objective severity scoring system for symptomatic benign enlargement of prostate (BEP) and comparing with International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). Subjects and Methods: In this prospective study, patients with BEP completed IPSS proforma. A grading system was developed for peak flow of urine ( Qmax), transitional zone index (TZI), detrusor wall thickness (DWT) and intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP). Prostate Disease Severity Score (PDSS) was developed as sum of the variables. Results: Among 115 patients, obstructive voiding (70.43%) was predominant symptom followed by storage symptom (10.44%). Among predominant obstructive voiders, grades 1–3 TZI was common (97.53%), followed by IPP (64.19%) and DWT (62.96%) of varying grade. IPP, DWT, TZI and Qmax proved to be strong determinants of obstructive voiding ( p < 0.05). The components of PDSS correlated well with total score ( p < 0.05), positively correlated with IPP, DWT and TZI, and negatively with Qmax ( p < 0.05); correlation with IPSS was statistically significant ( p < 0.05). According to PDSS, 92.5% (37/40) patients with severe, 73.02% (46/63) with moderate, 8.33% (1/12) with mild degree of obstruction needed surgical intervention. Conclusion: The objective nature, comparable correlation with IPSS, potentiality to predict future need for surgical intervention, makes PDSS, a potential user-friendly assessment tool in management of BEP. Level of evidence: Not applicable
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Comparison of zirconia to dentin bonding using resin-based luting cements and resin-modified glass-ionomer cement: In vitro. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2022; 14:S460-S463. [PMID: 36110698 PMCID: PMC9469435 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_779_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Outcomes of Paediatric Patients Needing Laparotomy During Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Challenges and gender-based differences for women in the Indian urological workforce: Results of a survey. Indian J Urol 2022; 38:282-286. [PMID: 36568456 PMCID: PMC9787428 DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_143_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Entry of women into urology has not kept pace with that in other surgical branches with only 1% of Urological Society of India (USI) members being female. The objective of this study was to explore the personal and professional challenges, practice barriers, and level of satisfaction among female urologists/urology trainees in India. Methods A strictly confidential and anonymous 26-item questionnaire with respect to professional and personal challenges, workplace discrimination, and family satisfaction was circulated as a Google form through email and WhatsApp to all the female members of the USI (full and associate) and trainees (n = 48) based on identification from the USI directory. Results Thirty-three out of 48 female urologists responded (68%). Among the respondents (n = 33), majority had <5 years of experience (60.6%), of which 30.3% were residents, which reflected a recent surge in women joining urology. Majority (57.7%) chose to subspecialize, commonly in "female urology". Many (72.7%) were encouraged to take this subspecialty. Gender discrimination at workplace was reported by 54.5%, commonly by patients and consultants. 68% of respondents had conceived either before or during residency, leading to additional domestic responsibilities. 9.1% suffered a pregnancy-related complication, which they believed was a direct consequence of their work environment. These obstacles led to 30.3% of women reporting that their personal life had compromised their careers. Professional dissatisfaction was reported by 60.1% of women, with common causes being less operative time than male counterparts and lack of mentorship. Despite these challenges given a chance, 78.7% would choose urology again, and 66.7% would encourage their daughter to pursue a career in urology. Conclusion Professional and personal challenges as perceived by women responding to our survey include gender discrimination in training and work, lack of mentorship, pregnancy-related compilations, and compromised career due to family responsibilities. Despite these, most would choose this specialty again.
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Indigenous Paediatric Cardiac Surgical Patient Outcomes. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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9
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The Embryological Basis for Anomalous Origin of Branch Pulmonary Arteries. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Burden of Type 2 Diabetes and Associated Cardiometabolic Traits and Their Heritability Estimates in Endogamous Ethnic Groups of India: Findings From the INDIGENIUS Consortium. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:847692. [PMID: 35498404 PMCID: PMC9048207 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.847692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
To assess the burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its genetic profile in endogamous populations of India given the paucity of data, we aimed to determine the prevalence of T2D and estimate its heritability using family-based cohorts from three distinct Endogamous Ethnic Groups (EEGs) representing Northern (Rajasthan [Agarwals: AG]) and Southern (Tamil Nadu [Chettiars: CH] and Andhra Pradesh [Reddys: RE]) states of India. For comparison, family-based data collected previously from another North Indian Punjabi Sikh (SI) EEG was used. In addition, we examined various T2D-related cardiometabolic traits and determined their heritabilities. These studies were conducted as part of the Indian Diabetes Genetic Studies in collaboration with US (INDIGENIUS) Consortium. The pedigree, demographic, phenotypic, covariate data and samples were collected from the CH, AG, and RE EEGs. The status of T2D was defined by ADA guidelines (fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl or HbA1c ≥ 6.5% and/or use of diabetes medication/history). The prevalence of T2D in CH (N = 517, families = 21, mean age = 47y, mean BMI = 27), AG (N = 530, Families = 25, mean age = 43y, mean BMI = 27), and RE (N = 500, Families = 22, mean age = 46y, mean BMI = 27) was found to be 33%, 37%, and 36%, respectively, Also, the study participants from these EEGs were found to be at increased cardiometabolic risk (e.g., obesity and prediabetes). Similar characteristics for the SI EEG (N = 1,260, Families = 324, Age = 51y, BMI = 27, T2D = 75%) were obtained previously. We used the variance components approach to carry out genetic analyses after adjusting for covariate effects. The heritability (h2) estimates of T2D in the CH, RE, SI, and AG were found to be 30%, 46%, 54%, and 82% respectively, and statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05). Other T2D related traits (e.g., BMI, lipids, blood pressure) in AG, CH, and RE EEGs exhibited strong additive genetic influences (h2 range: 17% [triglycerides/AG and hs-CRP/RE] - 86% [glucose/non-T2D/AG]). Our findings highlight the high burden of T2D in Indian EEGs with significant and differential additive genetic influences on T2D and related traits.
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Stakeholder Preferences for Paediatric Cardiac Surgery Outcome Reporting in Australia and New Zealand. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Custom splint: A conservative approach to pediatric mandibular dentoalveolar trauma. SCIENTIFIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/sdj.sdj_32_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Re: Shah R. Twenty five years of the low cost, non-inflatable, Shah Indian prosthesis: The history of its evolution. Indian Journal of Urology 2021;37:113-5. Indian J Urol 2021; 37:299. [PMID: 34465969 PMCID: PMC8388332 DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_171_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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OLDER PATIENTS WITH PRIMARY CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM LYMPHOMA (PCNSL): REAL WORLD (RW) OUTCOMES OF POST‐INDUCTION THERAPY IN THE MODERN ERA. Hematol Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.69_2880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Can mRNA Vaccines Turn the Tables During the COVID-19 Pandemic? Current Status and Challenges. Clin Drug Investig 2021; 41:499-509. [PMID: 33754328 PMCID: PMC7985228 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-021-01022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect millions of people across the world. The current global statistics for the disease are 111 million cases and 2.45 million deaths, with new cases emerging each day. Although several drugs including remdesivir have been approved for emergency use, they remain ineffective in bringing the infection under control. Therefore, there is a need for highly effective and safe vaccines against COVID-19. The recent advancements in mRNA vaccines have catapulted them to be forefront in the race to develop vaccines for COVID-19. Two mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, developed by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Therapeutics, respectively, have been granted authorization for emergency use by the US Food and Drug Administration. Interim analysis of the clinical trials for BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines reported an efficacy of 95% and 94.1%, respectively, after the second dose. The adverse events for both the vaccines have been found to be mild to moderate, with mostly injection-site reactions and fatigue. No serious adverse events have been reported. Moreover, Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna Therapeutics have announced that their vaccines are effective even against the new strains (B.1.17 and B.1.351) of the virus. Both companies are now scaling up the production of the vaccines to meet the global demand. Although the long-term efficacy, safety, and immunogenicity of these vaccines is uncertain, there is hope that they can turn the tables against COVID-19 in this current pandemic situation.
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Novel and Re-emerging Zoonotic Viral Diseases in India during Last Two Decades: An Overview. JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i1031236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Zoonotic diseases or zoonosis is an infectious disease caused by the transmission of pathogens from animals to humans. Depending on the pathogens, these diseases can be bacterial, viral, or parasitic and the route of transmission of the pathogens can be via reservoirs including birds, bats, pigs, and mosquitoes, eventually infecting humans. Spread among humans arises primarily through person-person contact and fomites, causing major outbreaks (epidemics and pandemics). Some of the major zoonotic outbreaks include plague, influenza, West Nile fever, brucellosis, and rabies. This review focuses on zoonotic viral outbreaks in India over the past 20 years highlighting the spread and severity of the disease, measures to control the infection and prevention, treatment and management of the infectious diseases. New or emerging and re-emerging viral diseases such as coronavirus, Japanese encephalitis, dengue and chikungunya are discussed. These outbreaks have been reported to cause high morbidity and mortality, in addition, pose a major risk to the health security, safety, and economy of the country. Insufficient knowledge of emerging diseases is a major challenge for producing effective anti-viral drugs and vaccines. Understanding the etiology and spread of the disease is essential for preventive measures and the development of efficient treatment strategies.
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M-Polynomial and Degree-Based Molecular Descriptors of Certain Classes of Benzenoid Systems. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1867205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Is preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio a red flag which can predict high-risk pathological characteristics in renal cell carcinoma? Urol Ann 2021; 13:47-52. [PMID: 33897164 PMCID: PMC8052900 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_34_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is known to invoke both immunological and inflammatory responses. While the neutrophils mediate the tumor-induced inflammatory response, the lymphocytes bring about the various immunological events associated with it. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a simple indicator of this dual response. We investigated the association between preoperative NLR and histopathological prognostic variables of RCC intending to find out whether it can be of value as a red flag capable of alerting the clinician as to the biological character of the tumor under consideration. Methods Preoperative NLR and clinicopathological variables, namely histological subtype, nuclear grade, staging, lymphovascular invasion, capsular invasion, tumor necrosis, renal sinus invasion, and sarcomatoid differentiation of 60 patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy, were analyzed to detect the association between the two. Results We found that mean preoperative NLR was significantly higher in clear-cell carcinomas (3.25 ± 0.29) when compared with nonclear-cell carcinomas (2.25 ± 0.63). There was a linear trend of NLR rise as the stage of the disease advanced. A significant rise in preoperative NLR was noted in tumors with various high-risk histopathological features such as tumor size, capsular invasion, tumor necrosis, and sarcomatoid differentiation. Conclusion Preoperative measurement of NLR is a simple test which may provide an early clue of high-risk pathological features of renal cell cancer.
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M33 Vocal Cord Palsy Following Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease: The Elephant in the Room. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.03.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Early Recovery With a Fast-Track Program: Initial Experience in Paediatric Cardiac Surgery. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.06.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Partial Upper Sternal Pplit for Paediatric Cardiac Surgery: Preliminary Experience. Heart Lung Circ 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2021.06.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Computation of Degree-Based Topological Descriptors Using M-Polynomial for Coronoid Systems. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2020.1804415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Clinical and therapeutic implications of sex steroid hormone receptor status in urothelial bladder cancer. Indian J Urol 2020; 36:171-178. [PMID: 33082631 PMCID: PMC7531383 DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_320_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies on the clinical profile of urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) have shown significant gender differences, namely, higher occurrence in males (male-to-female ratio of 3.5:1) and an advanced stage of disease at the time of diagnosis with rapid progression of the disease after initial diagnosis seen more commonly in females. The relationship between gender and UBC is complex and probably influenced by biological and epidemiological factors. Potential contributory factors such as sex steroid hormone pathway, gender difference in environmental carcinogen exposure, metabolic enzyme activity, and disparities in the intensity of diagnostic evaluation could probably explain the demographic trends in UBC. This comprehensive review of Medline publications during the period 2009–2019 attempts to identify the possible role of sex hormone receptors in gender variation and sexual dimorphism in the occurrence and progression of UBC. The clinical implications of identifying sex steroid receptors on factors such as disease prognostication and the therapeutic role of anti-androgens in the prevention and progression of UBC are critically reviewed. There is now significant evidence in literature to suggest the possible role of sex steroid hormone receptor-mediated signals in the genesis and progression of UBC. These receptors include androgen receptors, estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and various other orphan receptors. Excessive or reduced expression of these receptors, as well as alterations in their upstream or downstream pathways, correlate well with the clinical and therapeutic outcomes of UBC.
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Renal salvage, an achievable goal in patients with emphysematous pyelonephritis: Outcomes of an algorithmic renal preserving strategy. Urol Ann 2020; 12:156-162. [PMID: 32565654 PMCID: PMC7292438 DOI: 10.4103/ua.ua_67_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Emergency nephrectomy has been the time-honored treatment of choice for emphysematous pyelonephritis (EPN), a fatal gas-forming necrotizing infection. Recent years have seen a shift toward nonextirpative approach aimed to achieve higher rates of renal salvage, limiting the indications for nephrectomy to severe grades of the disease. This study aimed at analyzing the role of initial renal preserving measures algorithmically applied across grades of EPN. Materials and Methods We prospectively analyzed the clinical data and outcome of 36 consecutive patients of EPN in 5 years' study period, treated by renal preserving measures, which include aggressive resuscitation, parenteral antibiotics, effective drainage of infected fluid/gas, and relieving the urinary tract obstruction. Huang-Tseng computed tomography-based classification system was used to categorize the patients as well as to employ suitable treatment modality. Results The mean age of the patients was 57.5 ± 12 years with female preponderance (2:1). Diabetes mellitus (97%) was the most common associated factor. Escherichia coli was (72%) the most frequent causative organism found. Urinary tract obstruction was seen in 27 patients (75%) attributable to ureteric calculi, renal papillary necrosis, ureteric stricture, and fungal bezoar in the descending order of frequency. Only 2 (6%) out of 36 patients managed according to our hospital renal salvage protocol required salvage nephrectomy. The overall survival rate was 94%. Conclusion Our hospital-based algorithmic renal preserving strategy not only improved the survival but also decreased the need for nephrectomy.
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Can new, improvised Visual Prostate Symptom Score replace the International Prostate Symptom Score? Indian perspective. Indian J Urol 2020; 36:123-129. [PMID: 32549664 PMCID: PMC7279100 DOI: 10.4103/iju.iju_300_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Visual Prostate Symptom Score (VPSS) was introduced to overcome the drawbacks of the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). However, this score also has potential for improvement. Materials and Methods: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of VPSS in patients with benign enlarged prostate (BEP) after uroflowmetric validation of the stream component. The secondary objective was to improve VPSS by adding a new severity grading and to assess if the “new upgraded VPSS” can replace IPSS in terms of ease of completion without assistance and the time taken. Results: Of 115 patients, 42.60% of them were of the age group between 61–70 years; mean ± standard deviation age was 64.75 years ± 8.042 (range 48–90 years). Nineteen (16.52%) patients, who had education level ≥10th grade completed IPSS without assistance. One hundred and eight (93.91%) patients completed VPSS without assistance (P = 0.000). None of those (0/6) with no formal education (but able to read and write) could complete the IPSS without assistance, whereas 66.67% completed the VPSS without assistance. Six minutes and two minutes was the average time taken to complete IPSS (4–10 min) and VPSS (1–3 min), respectively. Responses to different variables of VPSS were statistically significant (P < 0.001) compared to the IPSS. Correlation between the severity grading of the two scores was statistically significant (P < 0.001), with a statistically significant positive correlation between VPSS and IPSS (r = +0.582, P < 0.001). The new severity grading system developed on par with the IPSS, improvising the existing VPSS, showed statistically significant positive correlation to the IPSS (r = +0.587, P < 0.001). Conclusions: VPSS correlated well with IPSS. The “new improvised VPSS” developed by incorporating severity grading is a potential tool that can replace IPSS by overcoming its limitations.
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Abstract
Use of exogenous estrogens in manipulating the androgenestrogen equilibrium was one of the earliest therapeutic strategies developed to treat prostate cancer which followed close on heels the discovery of hormone dependence of this tumor. Despite its well-documented benefit, estrogen therapy fell out of favor with the advent of other forms of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) as the former registered a higher incidence of cardiovascular complications and poorer overall survival. Clearer understanding of the mechanism of action of estrogen coupled with the adoption of alternative routes of administration has triggered a renewed interest in estrogen therapy. Since then, many studies have not only proved the therapeutic benefit of estrogens but also explored the ways and means of minimizing the dreaded side effects deterring its use. Further, the fact that estrogen therapy offered a clear advantage of reduced cost of treatment over other treatments has led many countries to readopt it in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer. We reviewed the published data on the use of estrogens in CRPC, which may affect its revival as an efficacious treatment option having minimal side effects, with modified dosage and route of administration. Estrogen therapy would be a less expensive option having equivalent or even better therapeutic effect than ADT in advanced carcinoma of prostate.
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POST-TRANSPLANT LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDER (PTLD) AFTER SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANT (SOT): SURVIVAL AND PROGNOSTICATION AMONG 570 PATIENTS (PTS) TREATED IN THE MODERN ERA. Hematol Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.116_2629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Response to: Letter from P. Gillard and B. Benninghoff. Vaccine 2019; 37:2991-2992. [PMID: 31072468 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Australia-Wide Experience With Tissue-Engineered Bovine Pericardium (CardioCel) for the Repair of Congenital Heart Defects. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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A Phase III open-label, randomized, active controlled clinical study to assess safety, immunogenicity and lot-to-lot consistency of a bovine-human reassortant pentavalent rotavirus vaccine in Indian infants. Vaccine 2018; 36:7943-7949. [PMID: 30420116 PMCID: PMC6288065 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A heat-stable bovine-human rotavirus reassortant pentavalent vaccine (BRV-PV, ROTASIIL®) was developed in India. In this study, the vaccine was tested for safety, immunogenicity and clinical lot-to-lot consistency. METHODS This was a Phase III, open label, randomized, equivalence design study. The primary objective was to demonstrate lot-to-lot consistency of BRV-PV. Subjects were randomized into four arms, three arms received Lots A, B, and C of BRV-PV and the control arm, received Rotarix®. Three doses of BRV-PV or two doses of Rotarix® and one dose of placebo were given at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. Blood samples were collected four weeks after the third dose to assess rotavirus IgA antibody levels. The three lots of BRV-PV were equivalent if the 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) of the geometric mean concentration (GMC) ratios were between 0.5 and 2. Solicited reactions were collected by using diary cards. RESULTS The study was conducted in 1500 randomized infants, of which 1341 infants completed the study. The IgA GMC ratios among the three lots were around 1 (Lot A versus Lot B: 1.07; Lot A versus Lot C: 1.06; and Lot B versus Lot C: 0.99). The 95% CIs for the GMC ratios were between 0.78 and 1.36. The IgA GMCs were: BRV-PV group 19.16 (95% CI 17.37-21.14) and Rotarix® group 10.92 (95% CI 9.36-12.74) (GMC ratio 1.75; 90% CI 1.51-2.04). Seropositivity rates were 46.98% (95% CI 43.86-50.11) and 31.12% (95% CI 26.17-36.41). The incidence of solicited reactions was comparable across the four arms. No serious adverse events were associated with the study vaccines, except two gastroenteritis events in the BRV-PV groups. CONCLUSION Lot-to-lot consistency of BRV-PV was demonstrated in terms of GMC ratios of IgA antibodies. The vaccine safety and immunogenicity profiles were similar to those of Rotarix®. Clinical Trials.Gov [NCT02584816] and Clinical Trial Registry of India [CTRI/2015/07/006034].
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Identification and Diagnosis of Risk Factors and Symptoms for Rheumatic Heart Disease. J Cardiovasc Dis Res 2018. [DOI: 10.5530/jcdr.2018.3.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Non-interference of Bovine-Human reassortant pentavalent rotavirus vaccine ROTASIIL® with the immunogenicity of infant vaccines in comparison with a licensed rotavirus vaccine. Vaccine 2018; 36:5519-5523. [PMID: 30104114 PMCID: PMC6143481 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background A newly developed bovine-human reassortant pentavalent vaccine (BRV-PV, ROTASIIL®) was tested for its potential effect on the immunogenicity of concomitantly administered EPI vaccines in infants in a randomized controlled study in India. Methods In this Phase III, multicenter, open label, randomized, controlled study, three doses of BRV-PV or two doses of Rotarix® and one dose of placebo were given to healthy infants at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. Subjects also received three doses of DTwP-HepB-Hib (diphtheria, tetanus, whole-cell pertussis, hepatitis B, and haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate – pentavalent vaccine) and oral polio vaccine concomitantly at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age and a single dose of inactivated polio vaccine at 14 weeks of age. Blood samples were collected four weeks after the final vaccination to assess immune responses to all the vaccines administered. For diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B, Hib, polio type 1, and polio type 3 antibodies, non-interference was to be supported if the lower limit of the two-sided 90% confidence interval (CI) for the seroprotection rate difference for the BRV-PV group minus the Rotarix® group was >10.0%. For pertussis antibodies, non-interference was to be supported if the lower limit of the two-sided 90% CI for the ratio of geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) was >0.5. Results A total of 1500 infants were randomized to either BRV-PV (1125 infants) or Rotarix® (375 infants), of which 1341 completed the study as per the protocol. More than 97% of subjects achieved seroprotective antibody titres against diphtheria, tetanus, hepatitis B, Hib, polio type 1, and polio type 3 in both groups. The difference in seroprotection rates between the BRV-PV group and the Rotarix® group for all these antibodies was less than 1%. The ratio of GMCs of anti-pertussis IgG concentrations for the BRV-PV group versus Rotarix® was 1.04 [90% CI: 0.90; 1.19]. Conclusion BRV-PV does not interfere with the immunogenicity of concomitantly administered routine infants vaccines.
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Differential expression of microRNAs let-7a, miR-125b, miR-100, and miR-21 and interaction with NF-kB pathway genes in periodontitis pathogenesis. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:5877-5884. [PMID: 29226952 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease which is caused by destruction of the tissues that surrounds and supports the tooth. Deregulation of microRNAs has been reported to cause several inflammatory diseases such as autoimmune disease, chronic periodontitis, and cancer. In the present study, we have investigated the expression pattern of microRNAs let-7a, miR-125b, miR-100, miR-21, and RNA-binding protein LIN-28A among healthy individuals and chronic periodontitis patients. Total RNA was isolated from gingival tissue samples collected from 100 healthy individuals and 100 chronic periodontitis patients. The expression of microRNAs and LIN-28 was performed by qPCR. Target prediction for the microRNAs was done using miRWalk and miRTarbase online databases and the experimentally validated targets were analyzed for their molecular function, biological processes, and related pathways using gProfiler software. The expression analysis revealed that let-7a and miR-21 were upregulated, whereas, miR-100, miR-125b, and LIN-28 were down regulated. The age dependent expression analysis revealed that the expression levels of all the microRNAs and LIN-28 were found to increase with age (more than 50 years), thereby suggesting an increased risk to chronic periodontitis. Among the various targets predicted using miRWalk and miRTarbase databases, NFKB was found to be a common target among all the four microRNAs. gProfiler revealed several functions such as NF-ĸB signaling pathway, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, osteoclast differentiation, etc., all of which specific to inflammation and periodontitis.
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Immunogenicity and safety of measles-mumps-rubella vaccine delivered by disposable-syringe jet injector in India: A randomized, parallel group, non-inferiority trial. Vaccine 2018; 36:1220-1226. [PMID: 29395526 PMCID: PMC5818644 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We compared MMR vaccine administration by disposable-syringe jet injector (DSJI) and needle and syringe (N-S). The study was conducted in 340 toddlers who had received a measles vaccine at 9 months. On day 35, seropositivity for all three viruses was more than 97% in both the groups. Reactogenicity by both methods was comparable. MMR vaccination via DSJI is as immunogenic and safe as vaccination by N-S.
Background We conducted a randomized, non-inferiority, clinical study of MMR vaccine by a disposable-syringe jet injector (DSJI) in toddlers in India in comparison with the conventional administration. Methods MMR vaccine was administered subcutaneously by DSJI or needle-syringe (N-S) to toddlers (15–18 months) who had received a measles vaccine at 9 months. Seropositivity to measles, mumps, and rubella serum IgG antibodies was assessed 35 days after vaccination. Non-inferiority was concluded if the upper limit of the 95% CI for the difference in the percent of seropositive between groups was less than 10%. Solicited reactions were collected for 14 days after vaccination by using structured diaries. Results In each study group, 170 subjects received MMR vaccine. On day 35, seropositivity for measles was 97.5% [95% CI (93.8%, 99.3%)] in the DSJI group and 98.7% [95% CI (95.5%, 99.8%)] in the N-S group; for mumps, 98.8% [95% CI (95.6%, 99.8%)] and 98.7% [95% CI (95.5%, 99.8%)]; and for rubella, 98.8% [95% CI (95.6%, 99.8%)] and 100% [95% CI (97.7%, 100.0%)]; none of the differences were significant. The day 35 post-vaccination GMTs in DSJI and N-S groups were measles: 5.48 IU/ml [95% CI (3.71, 8.11)] and 5.94 IU/ml [95% CI (3.92, 9.01)], mumps: 3.83 ISR [95% CI (3.53, 4.14)] and 3.66 ISR [95% CI (3.39, 3.95)] and rubella: 95.27 IU/ml [95% CI (70.39, 128.95)] and 107.06 IU/ml [95% CI (79.02, 145.06)]; none of the differences were significant. The DSJI group reported 173 solicited local reactions and the N-S group reported 112; most were mild grade. Of the total of 156 solicited systemic adverse events, most were mild, and incidence between the two groups was similar. Conclusions MMR vaccination via DSJI is as immunogenic as vaccination by N-S. Safety profile of DSJI method is similar to N-S except for injection site reactions which are more with DSJI and are well-tolerated. Registration US National Institutes of Health clinical trials identifier – NCT02253407. Clinical trial registry of India identifier – CTRI/2013/05/003702
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Intrapericardial mass lesion in infancy: It could be chronic constrictive pericarditis. Indian J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12055-002-0021-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Successful Weaning Off Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Using a Novel Technique of Pump-Controlled Retrograde Flow. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Use of Temporary Epicardial Pacing Wires After Congenital Heart Surgery: Necessity or Luxury? Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Association of microRNA-125a and microRNA-499a polymorphisms in chronic periodontitis in a sample south Indian population: A hospital-based genetic association study. Gene 2017; 631:10-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Clinical Relevance of Cytokines Gene Polymorphisms and Protein Levels in Gingival Cervical Fluid from Chronic Periodontitis Patients. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY : IJI 2017; 14:51-58. [PMID: 28341818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytokines are suggested to play a role in periodontitis. OBJECTIVES To determine and compare the levels of Interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples amongst healthy individuals and those with chronic periodontitis. Further to compare the GCF cytokine levels in three genotype classes defined by the respective gene polymorphisms. METHODS The study was conducted on 41 chronic periodontitis patients and 40 healthy volunteers. IL-1β and TNF-α were quantified in GCF by cytometric bead array. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and genotyping of IL1B +3954C/T (rs1143634) IL1B -511G/A (rs16944), TNFA -1031T/C (rs1799964) and TNFA -863C/A (rs1800630) polymorphisms were performed using Sanger sequencing and Taqman SNP genotyping assays methods. RESULTS Both IL-1β and TNF-α levels were significantly higher in chronic periodontitis group compared to the controls. IL-1β and TNF-α levels did not significantly differ in genotype classes of the respective polymorphism (IL1B -511G/A, TNFA -1031T/C and TNFA -863C/A). However, individuals with CT genotype of IL1B +3954C/T showed higher levels of IL-1β in the gingival crevicular fluid (ANOVA p<0.05). CONCLUSION The results of this study revealed the presence of higher levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in subjects with periodontitis and genetic control of IL-1β levels in our samples of Indians.
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Evaluation of a Panel of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms in miR-146a and miR-196a2 Genomic Regions in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2017; 21:228-235. [PMID: 28384038 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease caused by bacterial triggering of the host immune-inflammatory response, which in turn is regulated by microRNAs (miRNA). Polymorphisms in the miRNA pathways affect the expression of several target genes such as tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukins, which are associated with progression of disease. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to identify the association between the MiR-146a single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs2910164, rs57095329, and rs73318382), the MiR-196a2 (rs11614913) SNP and chronic periodontitis. METHODS Genotyping was performed for the MiR-146a (rs2910164, rs57095329, and rs73318382) and the MiR-196a2 (rs11614913) polymorphisms in 180 healthy controls and 190 cases of chronic periodontitis by the direct Sanger sequencing technique. The strength of the association between the polymorphisms and chronic periodontitis was evaluated using logistic regression analysis. Haplotype and linkage analyses among the polymorphisms was performed. Multifactorial dimensionality reduction was performed to determine epistatic interaction among the polymorphisms. RESULTS The MiR-196a2 polymorphism revealed a significant inverse association with chronic periodontitis. Haplotype analysis of MiR-146a and MiR-196a2 polymorphisms revealed 13 different combinations, of which 5 were found to have an inverse association with chronic periodontitis. CONCLUSION The present study has demonstrated a significant inverse association of MiR-196a2 polymorphism with chronic periodontitis.
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A Study on the Role of Estrogen Receptor Gene Polymorphisms in Female Infertility. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2016; 20:692-695. [DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2016.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Immunogenicity of a new routine vaccination schedule for global poliomyelitis prevention: an open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2015; 386:2413-21. [PMID: 26388534 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(15)00237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polio eradication needs a new routine immunisation schedule--three or four doses of bivalent type 1 and type 3 oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV) and one dose of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV), but no immunogenicity data are available for this schedule. We aimed to assess immunogenicity of this vaccine schedule. METHODS We did an open-label, randomised controlled trial in four centres in India. After informed consent was obtained from a parent or legally acceptable representative, healthy newborn babies were randomly allocated to one of five groups: trivalent OPV (tOPV); tOPV plus IPV; bOPV; bOPV plus IPV; or bOPV plus two doses of IPV (2IPV). The key eligibility criteria were: full-term birth (≥37 weeks of gestation); birthweight ≥2·5 kg; and Apgar score of 9 or more. OPV was administered at birth, 6 weeks, 10 weeks, and 14 weeks; IPV was administered intramuscularly at 14 weeks. The primary study objective was to investigate immunogenicity of the new vaccine schedule, assessed by seroconversion against poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 between birth and 18 weeks in the per-protocol population (all participants with valid serology results on cord blood and at 18 weeks). Neutralisation assays tested cord blood and sera collected at 14 weeks, 18 weeks, 19 weeks, and 22 weeks by investigators masked to group allocation. This trial was registered with the India Clinical Trials Registry, number CTRI/2013/06/003722. FINDINGS Of 900 newborn babies enrolled between June 13 and Aug 29, 2013, 782 (87%) completed the per-protocol requirements. Between birth and age 18 weeks, seroconversion against poliovirus type 1 in the tOPV group occurred in 162 of 163 (99·4%, 95% CI 96·6-100), in 150 (98·0%, 94·4-99·6) of 153 in the tOPV plus IPV group, in 153 (98·7%, 95·4-99·8) of 155 in the bOPV group, in 155 (99·4%, 96·5-100) of 156 in the bOPV plus IPV group, and in 154 (99·4%, 96·5-100) of 155 in the bOPV plus 2IPV group. Seroconversion against poliovirus type 2 occurred in 157 (96·3%, 92·2-98·6) of 163 in the tOPV group, 153 (100%, 97·6-100·0) of 153 in the tOPV plus IPV group, 29 (18·7%, 12·9-25·7) of 155 in the bOPV group, 107 (68·6%, 60·7-75·8) of 156 in the bOPV plus IPV group, and in 121 (78·1%, 70·7-84·3) of 155 in the bOPV plus 2IPV group. Seroconversion against poliovirus type 3 was achieved in 147 (90·2%, 84·5-94·3) of 163 in the tOPV group, 152 (99·3%, 96·4-100) of 153 in the tOPV plus IPV group, 151 (97·4%, 93·5-99·3) of 155 in the bOPV group, 155 (99·4%, 96·5-100) of 156 in the bOPV plus IPV group, and 153 (98·7%, 95·4-99·8) of 155 in the bOPV plus 2IPV group. Superiority was achieved for vaccine regimens including IPV against poliovirus type 3 compared with those not including IPV (tOPV plus IPV vs tOPV alone, p=0·0008; and bOPV plus IPV vs bOPV alone, p=0·0153). 12 serious adverse events occurred (six in the tOPV group, one in the tOPV plus IPV group, three in the bOPV group, zero in the bOPV plus IPV group, and two in the bOPV plus 2IPV group), none of which was attributed to the trial intervention. INTERPRETATION The new vaccination schedule improves immunogenicity against polioviruses, especially against poliovirus type 3. FUNDING WHO, through a grant from Rotary International (grant number 59735).
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Polymorphic regions in the interleukin-1 gene and susceptibility to chronic periodontitis: a genetic association study. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2015; 19:175-81. [PMID: 25710474 PMCID: PMC4394157 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2014.0275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objectives of this study were to determine the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL1B (-511, +3954), IL1A (-889, +4845), and the variable number of tandem repeats (VNTRs) polymorphism in the IL-1RN gene with chronic periodontitis susceptibility and to analyze gene-gene interactions in a hospital-based sample population from South India. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 400 individuals were recruited for this study; 200 individuals with healthy gingiva and 200 chronic periodontitis patients. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood samples and genotyping was performed for the above-mentioned single nucleotide and VNTR polymorphisms by polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing, and agarose gel electrophoresis. RESULTS A higher proportion of the variant alleles were observed in the chronic periodontitis group for all the SNPs examined. The SNP at +3954 (C>T) in the IL1B gene was found to be significantly associated with chronic periodontitis (p=0.007). VNTR genotypes (χ(2) value: 5.163, df=1, p=0.023) and alleles (χ(2) value: 6.818, df=1, p=0.009) were found to have a significant association with chronic periodontitis susceptibility. CONCLUSION In the study population examined, the SNP in the IL1B gene (+3954) and VNTR polymorphisms in the IL1RN gene were found to have a significant association with chronic periodontitis susceptibility.
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Characterisation of a compound in-cis GATA2 germline mutation in a pedigree presenting with myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myeloid leukemia with concurrent thrombocytopenia. Leukemia 2015; 29:1795-7. [PMID: 25676417 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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A Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine From India Induces Durable and Cross-protective Immunity Against Temporally and Spatially Wide-ranging Global Field Strains. J Infect Dis 2015; 212:715-25. [PMID: 25601942 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiv023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Japanese encephalitis (JE) is a vaccine-preventable acute disease. We report the results of a phase 2/3 trial of JENVAC, a Vero cell-derived vaccine developed using an Indian strain of JE virus (JEV). METHODS JENVAC was administered in 2 doses 28 days apart, and immunogenicity was compared to that from a single dose of SA-14-14-2, the only approved JE vaccine and regimen at the time in India. RESULTS After both the doses, seroconversion and seroprotection were >90% for JENVAC. For SA-14-14-2, seroconversion and seroprotection were 57.69% and 77.56%, respectively, on day 28 and 39.74% and 60.26%, respectively, on day 56. The geometric mean titers at day 28 and day 56 were 145.04 and 460.53, respectively, for JENVAC and 38.56 and 25.29, respectively, for SA-14-14-2. With a single dose of JENVAC, seroprotection titers lasted at least 12 months in >80% of the subjects. Following receipt of 2 doses, 61.17% of subjects retained seroprotection titers at 24 months, and immunogenicity criteria were higher than that for SA-14-14-2 at 12, 18, and 24 months each. Sera from JENVAC subjects neutralized JEV genotypes I, II, III, and IV equally well. Adverse events were not significantly different between the 2 vaccines. CONCLUSIONS JENVAC elicits long-lasting, broadly protective immunity. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION CTRI/2011/07/001855.
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Effect of sonic agitation, manual dynamic agitation on removal of Enterococcus faecalis biofilm. SAUDI ENDODONTIC JOURNAL 2015. [DOI: 10.4103/1658-5984.155451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Patellar clunk in total knee arthroplasty using modified Sigma posterior stabilized femoral component. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2014; 5:211-4. [PMID: 25983500 PMCID: PMC4264035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the enhanced PS femoral component design released in 2008 by DePuy. The patellar clunk syndrome has been reported in a significant number of patients following total knee arthroplasty. Design modifications of the implant have been made to reduce the incidence of the patellar clunk, especially in the posterior substituted designs. METHODS 130 total knee replacements performed using the enhanced PS femoral components were followed-up with clinical and radiographic evaluations. RESULTS Patellar clunk was seen in 3 of the 130 knees (2%). This is much less than the incidence of patellar clunk reported until now. CONCLUSIONS Removal of the sharp ridge in the intercondylar groove in the newer implant seems to have been effective in reducing the incidence of the patellar clunk. It also indicates that the sharp ridge was the most probable cause of the clunk.
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Intrabronchial neurofibromatosis. THE JOURNAL OF THE ASSOCIATION OF PHYSICIANS OF INDIA 2013; 61:669-671. [PMID: 24772713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Thoracic manifestations of Neurofibromatosis include intrathoracic posterior mediastinal tumours, meningocoeles, kyphoscoliosis and interstitial fibrosis. Even though mediastinal neurofibromas are common, intrapulmonary neurofibromas are very rare. In this paper, we present a case of intrathoracic neurofibroma with intrabronchial extension. Lesions extending into the bronchial lumen making bronchoscopic diagnosis possible, as in this case is extremely rare. The case is presented because of its rarity.
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Ion-pair RP-HPLC method for the estimation of eberconazole nitrate in bulk form and in pharmaceutical dosage forms. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2013. [DOI: 10.1556/achrom.25.2013.3.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Effect of five commercial mouth rinses on the microhardness of a nanofilled resin composite restorative material: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2012; 15:214-7. [PMID: 22876004 PMCID: PMC3410327 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.97938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim and Objectives: This in vitro study was designed to comparatively evaluate the effect of five commercial mouth rinses on the micro hardness of a nanofilled resin based restorative material. Materials and Methods: Fifty specimens of resin composite material (Filtek Z350XT, 3M ESPE, St.Paul, MN USA) were prepared and immersed in artificial saliva for 24 h. The base line micro hardness of specimens was recorded using Vicker's micro hardness tester (MMT – X7 Matsuzawa, Japan). The specimens were randomly distributed into five groups, each containing 10 specimens (n=10) as follows – Group I Listerine (alcohol based), Group II Periogard (alcohol based), Group III Colgate plax (alcohol based), Group IV C- prev (alcohol free), Group V Hiora(alcohol free). The specimens were immersed in 20 ml of mouth rinses and incubated for 24 h at 37°C. The post immersion micro hardness values of the specimens were recorded and the data was tabulated for statistical analysis. Kruskal–Wallis test was used for inter group comparison followed by pair wise comparison of groups using Mann–Whitney U test. The level of significance was set at P=0.05. Results: Significant reduction in the mean VHN (Vicker's micro hardness number) was observed in all the groups after exposure to the tested mouth rinses (P<0.01) and the reduction in mean VHN values were as follows: Group I 12.09, Group II 3.42, Group II 1.51, Group IV 1.03, Group V 0.57. Inter group comparison showed statistically significant reduction in micro hardness in Groups I and II compared to all other groups with P<0.001. There was no significant difference between Groups III, IV and V. Conclusion: All the mouth rinses showed a reduction in the microhardness of nanofilled resin composite material with listerine (Group I) containing maximum amount of alcohol, showing highest reduction in micro hardness value.
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