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Botschuijver S, Welting O, Levin E, Maria-Ferreira D, Koch E, Montijn RC, Seppen J, Hakvoort TBM, Schuren FHJ, de Jonge WJ, van den Wijngaard RM. Reversal of visceral hypersensitivity in rat by Menthacarin ® , a proprietary combination of essential oils from peppermint and caraway, coincides with mycobiome modulation. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2018; 30:e13299. [PMID: 29383802 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder associated with altered gastrointestinal microflora and increased nociception to colonic distension. This visceral hypersensitivity can be reversed in our rat maternal separation model by fungicides. Menthacarin® is a proprietary combination of essential oils from Mentha x piperita L. and Carum carvi. Because these oils exhibit antifungal and antibacterial properties, we investigated whether Menthacarin® can reverse existing visceral hypersensitivity in maternally separated rats. METHODS In non-handled and maternally separated rats, we used the visceromotor responses to colorectal distension as measure for visceral sensitivity. We evaluated this response before and 24 hours after water-avoidance stress and after 7 days treatment with Menthacarin® or control. The pre- and post-treatment mycobiome and microbiome were characterized by sequencing of fungal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) and bacterial 16s rDNA regions. In vitro antifungal and antimicrobial properties of Menthacarin® were studied with radial diffusion assay. KEY RESULTS Menthacarin® inhibited in vitro growth of yeast and bacteria. Water-avoidance caused visceral hypersensitivity in maternally separated rats, and this was reversed by treatment. Multivariate analyses of ITS-1 and 16S high throughput data showed that maternal separation, induced changes in the myco- and microbiome. Menthacarin® treatment of non-handled and maternally separated rats shifted the mycobiomes to more similar compositions. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The development of visceral hypersensitivity in maternally separated rats and the Menthacarin® -mediated reversal of hypersensitivity is associated with changes in the mycobiome. Therefore, Menthacarin® may be a safe and effective treatment option that should be tested for IBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Botschuijver
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O Welting
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Levin
- Department of Experimental Vascular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Horaizon BV, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Maria-Ferreira
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Departamento de Farmacologia, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - E Koch
- Dr. Willmar Schwabe Pharmaceuticals, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - R C Montijn
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - J Seppen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T B M Hakvoort
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F H J Schuren
- Microbiology and Systems Biology, The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - W J de Jonge
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R M van den Wijngaard
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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van der Hoeven-Hangoor E, van der Vossen JMBM, Schuren FHJ, Verstegen MWA, de Oliveira JE, Montijn RC, Hendriks WH. Ileal microbiota composition of broilers fed various commercial diet compositions. Poult Sci 2013; 92:2713-23. [PMID: 24046419 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2013-03017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota plays a role in the release and absorption of nutrients from feed components, thereby affecting digesta composition and moisture content of the excreta. The objective of the current study was to determine the effects of 5 different diets varying in ingredients (medium-chain fatty acids, nonstarch polysaccharides, and starch) on the microbiota composition of ileal digesta of broiler chickens and excreta DM content. Each treatment was repeated 6 times in cages each containing 18 Ross 308 broilers, with growth performance measured from 0 to 34 d of age and excreta DM and ileal microbiota composition analyzed at 34 d of age. Microbiota composition was evaluated using a novel ribosomal RNA microarray technology containing 370 different probes covering various genera, groups of microbial species, and individual species of the chicken gut microbiota, of which 321 had a signal above the background threshold. Replacing part of the animal fat and soybean oil in the wheat-based diet with medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA; 0.3% C10 and 2.7% C12) improved feed efficiency compared with the other dietary treatments. This coincided with a suppression of gram-positive bacteria belonging to the phylum of the Firmicutes, including Lactobacillus species, and species belonging to the family of the Enterococcaceae and Micrococcaceae, whereas the gram-negative bacteria belonging to the family of the Enterobacteriaceae were promoted. None of the other diets used in the present study notably changed the ileal digesta bacteria composition. Excreta DM content was not affected by dietary treatment. The variation between individual birds per dietary treatment was more pronounced than variation caused by feed composition, with the exception of the digesta microbiota of the birds fed the MCFA diet. It is concluded that a diet with MCFA significantly changes the ileal microbiota composition, whereas the effect of the other diets on the composition of the microbiota and excreta DM content is small in broiler chickens.
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Ladirat SE, Schols HA, Nauta A, Schoterman MHC, Keijser BJF, Montijn RC, Gruppen H, Schuren FHJ. High-throughput analysis of the impact of antibiotics on the human intestinal microbiota composition. J Microbiol Methods 2012; 92:387-97. [PMID: 23266580 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2012.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic treatments can lead to a disruption of the human microbiota. In this in-vitro study, the impact of antibiotics on adult intestinal microbiota was monitored in a new high-throughput approach: a fermentation screening-platform was coupled with a phylogenetic microarray analysis (Intestinal-chip). Fecal inoculum from healthy adults was exposed in a fermentation screening-platform to seven widely-used antibiotics during 24h in-vitro fermentation and the microbiota composition was subsequently determined with the Intestinal-chip. Phylogenetic microarray analysis was first verified to be reliable with respect to variations in the total number of bacteria and presence of dead (or inactive) cells. Intestinal-chip analysis was then used to identify and compare shifts in the intestinal microbial composition after exposure to low and high dose (1μgml(-1) and 10μgml(-1)) antibiotics. Observed shifts on family, genus and species level were both antibiotic and dose dependent. Stronger changes in microbiota composition were observed with higher doses. Shifts mainly concerned the bacterial groups Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Enterobacteriaceae, and Lactobacillus. Within bacterial groups, specific antibiotics were shown to differentially impact related species. The combination of the in-vitro fermentation screening platform with the phylogenetic microarray read-outs has shown to be reliable to simultaneously analyze the effects of several antibiotics on intestinal microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Ladirat
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 2, 6703 HD Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Müller WH, Koster AJ, Humbel BM, Ziese U, Verkleij AJ, van Aelst AC, van der Krift TP, Montijn RC, Boekhout T. Automated electron tomography of the septal pore cap in Rhizoctonia solani. J Struct Biol 2000; 131:10-8. [PMID: 10945965 DOI: 10.1006/jsbi.2000.4243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dolipore septa and septal pore caps (SPCs) in filamentous basidiomycetes may play an important role in maintaining the integrity of hyphal cells. We have investigated the ultrastructure of the dolipore septum and the SPC in Rhizoctonia solani hyphal cells after high-pressure freezing, freeze substitution, and Spurr embedding. We visualized the SPC with associated cell ultrastructures in three dimensions by automated electron tomography of thick-sectioned cells, followed by 3D tomographic reconstructions. Using these methods we were able to document the passage of mitochondria through the SPC, small tubular membranous structures at the entrance of the septal pore channel, filamentous structures connecting the inner side of the SPC with pore-plugging material, thin filaments anchoring the pore-plugging material with the plasma membrane, small vesicles attached to the plugging material, and tubular endoplasmic reticulum continuous with the base of the SPC. We hypothesize that the SPC, the filamentous structures, the plugging material, and the endoplasmic reticulum act in a coordinated fashion to maintain cellular integrity, intercellular communication, and the transport of solutes and cell organelles in the filamentous fungus R. solani.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Müller
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, EMSA, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, The Netherlands
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Montijn RC, Vink E, Müller WH, Verkleij AJ, Van Den Ende H, Henrissat B, Klis FM. Localization of synthesis of beta1,6-glucan in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Bacteriol 1999; 181:7414-20. [PMID: 10601196 PMCID: PMC94196 DOI: 10.1128/jb.181.24.7414-7420.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta1,6-Glucan is a key component of the yeast cell wall, interconnecting cell wall proteins, beta1,3-glucan, and chitin. It has been postulated that the synthesis of beta1,6-glucan begins in the endoplasmic reticulum with the formation of protein-bound primer structures and that these primer structures are extended in the Golgi complex by two putative glucosyltransferases that are functionally redundant, Kre6 and Skn1. This is followed by maturation steps at the cell surface and by coupling to other cell wall macromolecules. We have reinvestigated the role of Kre6 and Skn1 in the biogenesis of beta1,6-glucan. Using hydrophobic cluster analysis, we found that Kre6 and Skn1 show significant similarities to family 16 glycoside hydrolases but not to nucleotide diphospho-sugar glycosyltransferases, indicating that they are glucosyl hydrolases or transglucosylases instead of genuine glucosyltransferases. Next, using immunogold labeling, we tried to visualize intracellular beta1,6-glucan in cryofixed sec1-1 cells which had accumulated secretory vesicles at the restrictive temperature. No intracellular labeling was observed, but the cell surface was heavily labeled. Consistent with this, we could detect substantial amounts of beta1,6-glucan in isolated plasma membrane-derived microsomes but not in post-Golgi secretory vesicles. Taken together, our data indicate that the synthesis of beta1, 6-glucan takes place largely at the cell surface. An alternative function for Kre6 and Skn1 is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Montijn
- Swammerdam Institute of Life Science, University of Amsterdam, BioCentrum Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1098 SM, The Netherlands
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Ram AF, Kapteyn JC, Montijn RC, Caro LH, Douwes JE, Baginsky W, Mazur P, van den Ende H, Klis FM. Loss of the plasma membrane-bound protein Gas1p in Saccharomyces cerevisiae results in the release of beta1,3-glucan into the medium and induces a compensation mechanism to ensure cell wall integrity. J Bacteriol 1998; 180:1418-24. [PMID: 9515908 PMCID: PMC107039 DOI: 10.1128/jb.180.6.1418-1424.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletion of GAS1/GGP1/CWH52 results in a lower beta-glucan content of the cell wall and swollen, more spherical cells (L. Popolo, M. Vai, E. Gatti, S. Porello, P. Bonfante, R. Balestrini, and L. Alberghina, J. Bacteriol. 175:1879-1885, 1993; A. F. J. Ram, S. S. C. Brekelmans, L. J. W. M. Oehlen, and F. M. Klis, FEBS Lett. 358:165-170, 1995). We show here that gas1delta cells release beta1,3-glucan into the medium. Western analysis of the medium proteins with beta1,3-glucan- and beta1,6-glucan-specific antibodies showed further that at least some of the released beta1,3-glucan was linked to protein as part of a beta1,3-glucan-beta1,6-glucan-protein complex. These data indicate that Gas1p might play a role in the retention of beta1,3-glucan and/or beta-glucosylated proteins. Interestingly, the defective incorporation of beta1,3-glucan in the cell wall was accompanied by an increase in chitin and mannan content in the cell wall, an enhanced expression of cell wall protein 1 (Cwp1p), and an increase in beta1,3-glucan synthase activity, probably caused by the induced expression of Fks2p. It is proposed that the cell wall weakening caused by the loss of Gas1p induces a set of compensatory reactions to ensure cell integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Ram
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, BioCentrum Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kapteyn JC, Ram AF, Groos EM, Kollar R, Montijn RC, Van Den Ende H, Llobell A, Cabib E, Klis FM. Altered extent of cross-linking of beta1,6-glucosylated mannoproteins to chitin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants with reduced cell wall beta1,3-glucan content. J Bacteriol 1997; 179:6279-84. [PMID: 9335273 PMCID: PMC179540 DOI: 10.1128/jb.179.20.6279-6284.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The yeast cell wall contains beta1,3-glucanase-extractable and beta1,3-glucanase-resistant mannoproteins. The beta1,3-glucanase-extractable proteins are retained in the cell wall by attachment to a beta1,6-glucan moiety, which in its turn is linked to beta1,3-glucan (J. C. Kapteyn, R. C. Montijn, E. Vink, J. De La Cruz, A. Llobell, J. E. Douwes, H. Shimoi, P. N. Lipke, and F. M. Klis, Glycobiology 6:337-345, 1996). The beta1,3-glucanase-resistant protein fraction could be largely released by exochitinase treatment and contained the same set of beta1,6-glucosylated proteins, including Cwp1p, as the B1,3-glucanase-extractable fraction. Chitin was linked to the proteins in the beta1,3-glucanase-resistant fraction through a beta1,6-glucan moiety. In wild-type cell walls, the beta1,3-glucanase-resistant protein fraction represented only 1 to 2% of the covalently linked cell wall proteins, whereas in cell walls of fks1 and gas1 deletion strains, which contain much less beta1,3-glucan but more chitin, beta1,3-glucanase-resistant proteins represented about 40% of the total. We propose that the increased cross-linking of cell wall proteins via beta1,6-glucan to chitin represents a cell wall repair mechanism in yeast, which is activated in response to cell wall weakening.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Kapteyn
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Klis FM, Caro LH, Vossen JH, Kapteyn JC, Ram AF, Montijn RC, Van Berkel MA, Van den Ende H. Identification and characterization of a major building block in the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Soc Trans 1997; 25:856-60. [PMID: 9388561 DOI: 10.1042/bst0250856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- F M Klis
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Amsterdam, BioCentrum Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kapteyn JC, Montijn RC, Vink E, de la Cruz J, Llobell A, Douwes JE, Shimoi H, Lipke PN, Klis FM. Retention of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall proteins through a phosphodiester-linked beta-1,3-/beta-1,6-glucan heteropolymer. Glycobiology 1996; 6:337-45. [PMID: 8724141 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/6.3.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast cell wall proteins, including Cwp1p and alpha-agglutinin, could be released by treating the cell wall with either beta-1,3-or beta-1,6-glucanases, indicating that both polymers are involved in anchoring cell wall proteins. It was shown immunologically that both beta-1,3- and beta-1,6-glucan were linked to yeast cell wall proteins, including Cwp1p and alpha-agglutinin. It was further shown that beta-1,3-glucan was linked to the wall protein through a beta-1,6-glucan moiety. The beta-1,6-glucan moiety could be removed from Cwp1p and other cell wall proteins by cleaving phosphodiester bridges either enzymatically using phosphodiesterases or chemically using ice-cold aqueous hydrofluoric acid. These observations are consistent with the notion that cell wall proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae are linked to a beta-1,3-/beta-1,6-glucan heteropolymer through a phosphodiester linkage and that this polymer is responsible for anchoring cell wall proteins. It is proposed that this polymer is identical to the alkali-soluble beta-1,3-/beta-1,6-glucan heteropolymer characterized by Fleet and Manners (1976, 1977).
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Kapteyn
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, BioCentrum Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kapteyn JC, Montijn RC, Dijkgraaf GJ, Van den Ende H, Klis FM. Covalent association of beta-1,3-glucan with beta-1,6-glucosylated mannoproteins in cell walls of Candida albicans. J Bacteriol 1995; 177:3788-92. [PMID: 7541400 PMCID: PMC177097 DOI: 10.1128/jb.177.13.3788-3792.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast and hyphal walls of Candida albicans were extracted with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Some of the extracted proteins reacted with a specific beta-1,6-glucan antiserum but not with a beta-1,3-glucan antiserum. They lost their beta-1,6-glucan epitope after treatment with ice-cold aqueous hydrofluoric acid, suggesting that beta-1,6-glucan was linked to the protein through a phosphodiester bridge. When yeast and hyphal walls extracted with SDS were subsequently extracted with a pure beta-1,3-glucanase, several mannoproteins that were recognized by both the beta-1,6-glucan antiserum and the beta-1,3-glucan antiserum were released. Both epitopes were sensitive to aqueous hydrofluoric acid treatment, suggesting that beta-1,3-glucan and beta-1,6-glucan are linked to proteins by phosphodiester linkages. The possible role of beta-glucans in the retention of cell wall proteins is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Kapteyn
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, BioCentrum Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
The cell wall of Candida albicans contains mannoproteins that are covalently associated with beta-1,6-glucan. When spheroplasts were allowed to regenerate a new cell wall, initially non-glucosylated cell wall proteins accumulated in the medium. While the spheroplasts became osmotically stable, beta-1,6-glucosylated proteins could be identified in their cell wall by SDS-extraction or beta-1,3-glucanase digestion. At later stages of regeneration, beta-1,3-glucosylated proteins were also found. Hence, incorporation of proteins into the cell wall is accompanied by extracellular coupling to beta-1,6-/beta-1,3-glucan. The SDS-extractable glucosylated proteins probably represent degradation products of wall proteins rather than their precursors. Tunicamycin delayed, but did not prevent the formation of beta-1,6-glucosylated proteins, demonstrating that beta-1,6-glucan is not attached to N-glycosidic side-chains of wall proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Kapteyn
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Lu CF, Montijn RC, Brown JL, Klis F, Kurjan J, Bussey H, Lipke PN. Glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-dependent cross-linking of alpha-agglutinin and beta 1,6-glucan in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 1995; 128:333-40. [PMID: 7844147 PMCID: PMC2120349 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.128.3.333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell adhesion protein alpha-agglutinin is bound to the outer surface of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall and mediates cell-cell contact in mating. alpha-Agglutinin is modified by addition of a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor as it traverses the secretory pathway. The presence of a GPI anchor is essential for cross-linking into the wall, but the fatty acid and inositol components of the anchor are lost before cell wall association (Lu, C.-F., J. Kurjan, and P. N. Lipke, 1994. A pathway for cell wall anchorage of Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-agglutinin. Mol. Cell. Biol. 14:4825-4833). Cell wall association of alpha-agglutinin was accompanied by an increase in size and a gain in reactivity to antibodies directed against beta 1,6-glucan. Several kre mutants, which have defects in synthesis of cell wall beta 1,6-glucan, had reduced molecular size of cell wall alpha-agglutinin. These findings demonstrate that the cell wall form of alpha-agglutinin is covalently associated with beta 1,6-glucan. The alpha-agglutinin biosynthetic precursors did not react with antibody to beta 1,6-glucan, and the sizes of these forms were unaffected in kre mutants. A COOH-terminal truncated form of alpha-agglutinin, which is not GPI anchored and is secreted into the medium, did not react with the anti-beta 1,6-glucan. We propose that extracellular cross-linkage to beta 1,6-glucan mediates covalent association of alpha-agglutinin with the cell wall in a manner that is dependent on prior addition of a GPI anchor to alpha-agglutinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hunter College of the City University of New York, New York 10021
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Kapteyn JC, Montijn RC, Dijkgraaf GJ, Klis FM. Identification of beta-1,6-glucosylated cell wall proteins in yeast and hyphal forms of Candida albicans. Eur J Cell Biol 1994; 65:402-7. [PMID: 7536675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Several cell wall proteins released from yeast and hyphal cells of Candida albicans by laminarinase reacted with an affinity-purified antiserum raised against beta-1,6-glucan. Binding of the antiserum was competitively inhibited by beta-1,6-glucan, but not by beta-1,3-glucan or isolated N-chains. Immunodetection was completely abolished when the proteins were treated with periodate. These results demonstrate that the laminarinase-released wall proteins of C. albicans possess an epitope consisting of beta-1,6-linked glucose residues. The yeast form of C. albicans contained four beta-1,6-glucosylated wall proteins, an Endo H-resistant protein of 125 kDa and three glycoproteins which became only detectable after Endo H digestion and had a molecular mass of 320, 170 and 44 kDa, respectively. As for the hyphal form, a different set of beta-1,6-glucosylated wall proteins was found consisting of two Endo H-resistant glycoproteins of 125 and 80 kDa, respectively, and two glycoproteins that after Endo H digestion had a molecular mass of 320 and 38 kDa, respectively. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-extractable wall proteins and medium proteins did not react with the beta-1,6-glucan antiserum. The beta-1,6-glucan epitope could be removed by aqueous hydrofluoric acid indicating that the epitope is phosphodiester-linked to the cell wall proteins. It is speculated that the epitope forms part of a GPI-anchor and might be involved in the anchoring of mannoproteins into the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Kapteyn
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Montijn RC, van Rinsum J, van Schagen FA, Klis FM. Glucomannoproteins in the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae contain a novel type of carbohydrate side chain. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:19338-42. [PMID: 8034698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannoproteins in the walls of mnn9 cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were released by laminarinase, and purified by concanavalin A affinity chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography. Carbohydrate analysis revealed that they contained N-acetylglucosamine, mannose, and glucose. An antiserum raised against beta (1-6)-glucan reacted with four proteins with molecular masses of 66, 100, 155, and 220 kDa, respectively. Recognition by the antiserum was competitively inhibited by beta (1-6)-glucan, but not by beta (1-3)-glucan, mannan, or dextran (an alpha (1-6)-glucan). Mild periodate treatment of the wall proteins completely abolished recognition by the antiserum. Glucose-containing side chains were isolated and compared with N- and O-carbohydrate side chains. The glucose-containing side chains consisted of about equal amounts of glucose and mannose and some N-acetylglucosamine, and were larger than N-chains. They were, however, not extended N-chains, because after acetolysis, which preferentially cleaves (1-6)-linkages, their elution profiles differed strongly. A model is presented of how glucose-containing side chains might anchor mannoproteins into the glucan layer of the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Montijn
- Institute of Molecular Cell Biology, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
Extension of a reporter protein with the carboxyterminal thirty amino acids of the cell wall mannoprotein alpha-agglutinin of Saccharomyces cerevisiae resulted in incorporation of the chimeric protein in the cell wall. By Western analysis it was shown that the incorporated protein contained beta-1,6-glucan similar to endogenous cell wall proteins, whereas excreted reporter protein was not glucosylated. This suggests that beta-1,6-glucan is involved in anchoring mannoproteins in the cell wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A van Berkel
- Institute for Molecular Cell Biology, University of Amsterdam, BioCentrum Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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