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Isaac R, Paul B, Finkel M, Moorthy M, Venkateswaran S, Bachmann TT, Pinnock H, Norrie J, Ramalingam S, Minz S, Hansdak S, Blythe R, Keller M, Muliyil J, Weller D. The burden of COVID-19 infection in a rural Tamil Nadu community. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:1110. [PMID: 34711193 PMCID: PMC8552615 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background There have been over 30 million cases of COVID-19 in India and over 430,000 deaths. Transmission rates vary from region to region, and are influenced by many factors including population susceptibility, travel and uptake of preventive measures. To date there have been relatively few studies examining the impact of the pandemic in lower income, rural regions of India. We report on a study examining COVID-19 burden in a rural community in Tamil Nadu.
Methods The study was undertaken in a population of approximately 130,000 people, served by the Rural Unit of Health and Social Affairs (RUHSA), a community health center of CMC, Vellore. We established and evaluated a COVID-19 PCR-testing programme for symptomatic patients—testing was offered to 350 individuals, and household members of test-positive cases were offered antibody testing. We also undertook two COVID-19 seroprevalence surveys in the same community, amongst 701 randomly-selected individuals.
Results There were 182 positive tests in the symptomatic population (52.0%). Factors associated with test-positivity were older age, male gender, higher socioeconomic status (SES, as determined by occupation, education and housing), a history of diabetes, contact with a confirmed/suspected case and attending a gathering (such as a religious ceremony, festival or extended family gathering). Amongst test-positive cases, 3 (1.6%) died and 16 (8.8%) suffered a severe illness. Amongst 129 household contacts 40 (31.0%) tested positive. The two seroprevalence surveys showed positivity rates of 2.2% (July/Aug 2020) and 22.0% (Nov 2020). 40 tested positive (31.0%, 95% CI: 23.02 − 38.98). Our estimated infection-to-case ratio was 31.7. Conclusions A simple approach using community health workers and a community-based testing clinic can readily identify significant numbers of COVID-19 infections in Indian rural population. There appear, however, to be low rates of death and severe illness, although vulnerable groups may be under-represented in our sample. It’s vital these lower income, rural populations aren’t overlooked in ongoing pandemic monitoring and vaccine roll-out in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Isaac
- Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - B Paul
- Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M Finkel
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, USA
| | - M Moorthy
- Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Venkateswaran
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - T T Bachmann
- Infection Medicine, Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H Pinnock
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - J Norrie
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - S Ramalingam
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - S Minz
- Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Hansdak
- Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Blythe
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - M Keller
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK
| | - J Muliyil
- Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D Weller
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK.
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Oeppen RS, Rutherford E, Sadler P, Isaac R, Brennan PA. Virtual ARCP assessment and trainee feedback meetings: facilitating the best experience and practice. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2020; 58:1240-1244. [PMID: 33127166 PMCID: PMC7556257 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2020.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
As a result of COVID-19, there has been an exponential increase in the use of remote technology for many local, regional and national meetings that would previously have been held on a face-to-face basis. Remote meetings have ensured that essential clinical, educational and strategic work can continue but it is not ‘business as usual’, although colleagues accept this form of communication as the new norm. In medical education and assessment, the Annual Review of Competence Progression (ARCP) meetings and other formative educational meetings are being conducted remotely. This form of communication has some advantages but may also present possible barriers for feedback and development particularly for ‘trainees in difficulty’ when there are concerns about progression, and when an unsatisfactory outcome has been awarded. It is also worth remembering that there may be generational differences with the ease of use of virtual meeting platforms. We present some of the important factors for optimising the panel of virtual ARCPs and discuss methods to improve feedback given remotely for trainees.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Oeppen
- University Hospitals Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - E Rutherford
- University Hospitals Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - P Sadler
- HEE Wessex, Southern House, Otterbourne, SO21 2RU, UK
| | - R Isaac
- Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, PO6 3LY, UK
| | - P A Brennan
- Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, PO6 3LY, UK.
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Bucris E, Beck A, Boura-Halfon S, Isaac R, Vinik Y, Rosenzweig T, Sampson SR, Zick Y. Prolonged insulin treatment sensitizes apoptosis pathways in pancreatic β cells. J Endocrinol 2016; 230:291-307. [PMID: 27411561 DOI: 10.1530/joe-15-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance results from impaired insulin signaling in target tissues that leads to increased levels of insulin required to control plasma glucose levels. The cycle of hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia eventually leads to pancreatic cell deterioration and death by a mechanism that is yet unclear. Insulin induces ROS formation in several cell types. Furthermore, death of pancreatic cells induced by oxidative stress could be potentiated by insulin. Here, we investigated the mechanism underlying this phenomenon. Experiments were done on pancreatic cell lines (Min-6, RINm, INS-1), isolated mouse and human islets, and on cell lines derived from nonpancreatic sources. Insulin (100nM) for 24h selectively increased the production of ROS in pancreatic cells and isolated pancreatic islets, but only slightly affected the expression of antioxidant enzymes. This was accompanied by a time- and dose-dependent decrease in cellular reducing power of pancreatic cells induced by insulin and altered expression of several ER stress response elements including a significant increase in Trb3 and a slight increase in iNos The effect on iNos did not increase NO levels. Insulin also potentiated the decrease in cellular reducing power induced by H2O2 but not cytokines. Insulin decreased the expression of MCL-1, an antiapoptotic protein of the BCL family, and induced a modest yet significant increase in caspase 3/7 activity. In accord with these findings, inhibition of caspase activity eliminated the ability of insulin to increase cell death. We conclude that prolonged elevated levels of insulin may prime apoptosis and cell death-inducing mechanisms as a result of oxidative stress in pancreatic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bucris
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - A Beck
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - S Boura-Halfon
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - R Isaac
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Y Vinik
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - T Rosenzweig
- Department of Molecular Biology and Nutritional StudiesAriel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - S R Sampson
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life SciencesBar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Y Zick
- Department of Molecular Cell BiologyWeizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Lee KM, Daubnerová I, Isaac R, Zhang C, Choi S, Chung J, Kim YJ. A Neuronal Pathway that Controls Sperm Ejection and Storage in Female Drosophila. Curr Biol 2015; 25:790-797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Benadhira R, Braha S, Bouaziz N, Moulier V, Isaac R, Regat S, Januel D. EPA-0818 - Maintenance rtms treatment for resistant depressed patients: A one-year double blind study. Eur Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(14)78159-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Abass A, Isaac R, Bhathia S. Infections presenting to the oral and maxillofacial department: is routine culture and sensitivity necessary? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2013.07.479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Beck A, Vinik Y, Shatz-Azoulay H, Isaac R, Streim S, Jona G, Boura-Halfon S, Zick Y. Otubain 2 is a novel promoter of beta cell survival as revealed by siRNA high-throughput screens of human pancreatic islets. Diabetologia 2013; 56:1317-26. [PMID: 23515685 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-013-2889-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce death of beta cells and hamper engraftment of transplanted islet mass. Our aim was to reveal novel genes involved in this process, as a platform for innovative therapeutic approaches. METHODS Small interfering RNA (siRNA) high-throughput screening (HTS) of primary human islets was employed to identify novel genes involved in cytokine-induced beta cell apoptosis. Dispersed human islets from nine human donors, treated with a combination of TNF-α, IL-1β and IFN-γ were transfected with ∼730 different siRNAs. Caspase-3/7 activity was measured, results were analysed and potential anti- and pro-apoptotic genes were identified. RESULTS Dispersed human pancreatic islets appeared to be suitable targets for performance of siRNA HTS. Using this methodology we found a number of potential pro- and anti-apoptotic target hits that have not been previously associated with pancreatic beta cell death. One such hit was the de-ubiquitinating enzyme otubain 2 (OTUB2). OTUB2 knockdown increased caspase-3/7 activity in MIN6 cells and primary human islets and inhibited insulin secretion and increased nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity both under basal conditions and following cytokine treatment. CONCLUSIONS Use of dispersed human islets provides a new platform for functional HTS in a highly physiological system. Employing this technique enabled the identification of OTUB2 as a novel promoter of viability and insulin secretion in human beta cells. OTUB2 acts through the inhibition of NF-κB signalling, which is deleterious to beta cell survival. siRNA screens of human islets may therefore identify new targets, such as OTUB2, for therapeutic intervention in type 1 diabetes and islet transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Beck
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Isaac R, Jenkins G, Mustafa S. Human bite injuries to the head and neck: current trends and management protocols in England and Wales. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2012.04.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kittur MA, Isaac R, Parkin IR. Physiological method of corneal protection during periocular surgery. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2012; 51:178-9. [PMID: 22503431 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2012.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M A Kittur
- Dept of Oral and Maxillofacial surgery, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, UK.
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Edwards M, Lawson Z, Morris S, Evans A, Harrison S, Isaac R, Crocker J, Powell C. The presence of radiological features on chest radiographs: how well do clinicians agree? Clin Radiol 2012; 67:664-8. [PMID: 22342102 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2011] [Revised: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To compare levels of agreement amongst paediatric clinicians with those amongst consultant paediatric radiologists when interpreting chest radiographs (CXRs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Four paediatric radiologists used picture archiving and communication system (PACS) workstations to evaluate the presence of five radiological features of infection, independently in each of 30 CXRs. The radiographs were obtained over 1 year (2008) from children with fever and signs of respiratory distress, aged 6 months to <16 years. The same CXRs were interpreted a second time by the paediatric radiologists and by 21 clinicians with varying experience levels, using the Web 1000 viewing system and a projector. Intra- and interobserver agreement within groups, split by grade and specialty, were analysed using free-marginal multi-rater kappa. RESULTS Normal CXRs were identified consistently amongst all 25 participants. The four paediatric radiologists showed high levels of intraobserver agreement between methods (kappa scores between 0.53 and 1.00) and interobserver agreement for each method (kappa scores between 0.67 and 0.96 for PACS assessment). The 21 clinicians showed varying levels of agreement from 0.21 to 0.89. CONCLUSION Paediatric radiologists showed high levels of agreement for all features. In general, the clinicians had lower levels of agreement than the radiologists. This study highlights the need for improved training in interpreting CXRs for clinicians and the timely reporting of CXRs by radiologists to allow appropriate patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Edwards
- Department of Child Health, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, UK
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Beck A, Isaac R, Lavelin I, Hart Y, Volberg T, Shatz-Azoulay H, Geiger B, Zick Y. An siRNA screen identifies transmembrane 7 superfamily member 3 (TM7SF3), a seven transmembrane orphan receptor, as an inhibitor of cytokine-induced death of pancreatic beta cells. Diabetologia 2011; 54:2845-55. [PMID: 21853325 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-011-2277-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce death of pancreatic beta cells, leading to the development of type 1 diabetes. We sought to identify novel players and the underlying mechanisms involved in this process. METHODS A high-throughput screen of 3,850 mouse small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) was performed in cytokine-treated MIN6 beta cells. Cells were transfected with the different siRNAs and then treated with a combination of TNFα, IL-1β and IFNγ. Cellular apoptosis (caspase-3/7 activity), and changes in cellular reducing power and cell morphology were monitored. The resulting data were analysed and the corresponding z scores calculated. RESULTS Several gene families were identified as promoting cytokine-induced beta cell apoptosis, the most prominent being those encoding ubiquitin ligases and serine/threonine kinases. Conversely, deubiquitinating enzymes appeared to reduce apoptosis, while protein phosphatases were mainly associated with lowering cellular reducing power. The screen suggested with high confidence the involvement of several novel genes in cytokine-induced beta cell death, including Camkk2, Epn3, Foxp3 and Tm7sf3, which encodes an orphan seven transmembrane receptor. siRNAs to Tm7sf3 promoted cytokine-induced death of MIN6 cells and human pancreatic islets, and abrogated insulin secretion in these cells. These findings implicate transmembrane 7 superfamily member 3 as a potential new player in the inhibition of cytokine-induced death and in the promotion of insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The signalling pathways and novel genes that we identified in this screen and that mediate beta cell death offer new possible targets for therapeutic intervention in diabetes and its adverse complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Beck
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Jereb B, Isaac R, Tournade M, Lemerle J, Voûte T, Delemarre J, Sarrazin D, Sandstedt B. Survival of patients with metastases from Wilms' tumor (SIOP 1, SIOP 2, SIOP 5). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/08880018509141210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Mammen SA, Varghese SR, Isaac R. Satisfaction of in-patients concerning patient care in a tertiary care hospital in Punjab. Indian J Public Health 2009; 53:49-51. [PMID: 19806832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Patient satisfaction is defined as a patient's personal evaluation of health care services and providers and thus a vital component of health care outcome and remains an area of interest and need in health care. Hence to assess in-patient satisfaction a study was conducted in a private tertiary care hospital on a stratified random sample of 100 in-patients drawn from four different general wards using a structured questionnaire. Overall the patients were found to be generally satisfied with care and services provided with a score of 87.12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Ann Mammen
- Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab
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Abstract
The death of a child is a sentinel event in a community, and a defining marker of a society's policies of safety and health. Child death as a result of abuse and neglect is a tragic outcome that occurs in all nations of the world. The true incidence of fatal child abuse and neglect is unknown. The most accurate incidence data of such deaths have been obtained from countries where multi-agency death review teams analyse the causes of child fatalities, as is done in the United States and Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jenny
- Division of Child Protection, Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
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Thomas J, Rylett C, Carhan A, Bland N, Bingham R, Shirras A, Turner A, Isaac R. Drosophila melanogaster NEP2 is a new soluble member of the neprilysin family of endopeptidases with implications for reproduction and renal function. Biochem J 2005; 386:357-66. [PMID: 15554877 PMCID: PMC1134801 DOI: 10.1042/bj20041753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian neprilysin (NEP) family members are typically type II membrane endopeptidases responsible for the activation/inactivation of neuropeptides and peptide hormones. Differences in substrate specificity and subcellular localization of the seven mammalian NEPs contribute to their functional diversity. The sequencing of the Drosophila melanogaster genome has revealed a large expansion of this gene family, resulting in over 20 fly NEP-like genes, suggesting even greater diversity in structure and function than seen in mammals. We now report that one of these genes (Nep2) codes for a secreted endopeptidase with a highly restricted pattern of expression. D. melanogaster NEP2 is expressed in the specialized stellate cells of the renal tubules and in the cyst cells that surround the elongating spermatid bundles in adult testis, suggesting roles for the peptidase in renal function and in spermatogenesis. D. melanogaster NEP2 was found in vesicle-like structures in the syncytial cytoplasm of the spermatid bundles, suggesting that the protein was acquired by endocytosis of protein secreted from the cyst cells. Expression of NEP2 cDNA in D. melanogaster S2 cells confirmed that the peptidase is secreted and is only weakly inhibited by thiorphan, a potent inhibitor of human NEP. D. melanogaster NEP2 also differs from human NEP in the manner in which the peptidase cleaves the tachykinin, GPSGFYGVR-amide. Molecular modelling suggests that there are important structural differences between D. melanogaster NEP2 and human NEP in the S1' and S2' ligand-binding subsites, which might explain the observed differences in inhibitor and substrate specificities. A soluble isoform of a mouse NEP-like peptidase is strongly expressed in spermatids, suggesting an evolutionarily conserved role for a soluble endopeptidase in spermatogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie E. Thomas
- *Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Group, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Caroline M. Rylett
- *Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Group, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Ahmet Carhan
- †Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | - Nicholas D. Bland
- *Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Group, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Richard J. Bingham
- *Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Group, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - Alan D. Shirras
- †Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lancaster, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, U.K
| | - Anthony J. Turner
- *Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Group, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
| | - R. Elwyn Isaac
- *Molecular and Cellular Biology Research Group, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Isaac R, Coe AJ, Hornsby VP. False-positive epidural catheter aspiration tests in needle through needle combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 2001; 56:772-6. [PMID: 11493243 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2001.01916-4.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We describe two separate episodes of free aspiration of clear fluid through epidural catheters during needle-through-needle combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia in the lateral position. Although both catheters were assumed to have been located intrathecally, both subsequently gave negative test doses and were used as epidural catheters. In the second patient, the position of the catheter was investigated using contrast spiral computerised tomography scanning, which showed epidural contrast spread only. This is the first time such an occurrence has been recognised, and we consider its significance for catheter site confirmation testing in combined spinal-epidural anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Isaac
- Department of Anaesthesia, Scunthorpe and Goole NHS Trust, Cliff Gardens, Scunthorpe DN15 7BH, UK
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Isaac R, Schoofs L, Williams TA, Veelaert D, Sajid M, Corvol P, Coates D. A novel peptide-processing activity of insect peptidyl-dipeptidase A (angiotensin I-converting enzyme): the hydrolysis of lysyl-arginine and arginyl-arginine from the C-terminus of an insect prohormone peptide. Biochem J 1998; 330 ( Pt 1):61-5. [PMID: 9461491 PMCID: PMC1219108 DOI: 10.1042/bj3300061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Insect peptidyl-dipeptidase A [angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)] is a soluble single-domain peptidyl-dipeptidase that has many properties in common with the C-domain of mammalian somatic ACE and with the single-domain mammalian germinal ACE. Mammalian somatic ACE is important in blood homoeostasis, but the role of ACE in insects is not known. Immunocytochemistry has been used to localize ACE in the neuroendocrine system of the locust, Locusta migratoria. Staining was observed in five groups of neurosecretory cells in the brain and suboesophageal ganglion, in the nervi corpori cardiaci, the storage part of the corpora cardiaca and in the nervi corpori allati. In three groups of neurosecretory cells, ACE co-localized with locustamyotropins, suggesting a possible role for the enzyme in the metabolism of these neuropeptides. We demonstrate in vitro a novel activity of ACE that removes pairs of basic amino acid residues from a locustamyotropin peptide extended at the C-terminus with either Gly-Lys-Arg or Gly-Arg-Arg, corresponding to a consensus recognition sequence for endoproteolysis of prohormone proteins by prohormone convertases. The low Km and high kcat values (Km 7.3 and 5.0 microM, kcat 226 and 207 s-1 for the hydrolysis of Phe-Ser-Pro-Arg-Leu-Gly-Lys-Arg and Phe-Ser-Pro-Arg-Leu-Gly-Arg-Arg, respectively) obtained for the hydrolysis of these two peptides by insect ACE means that these peptides, along with mammalian bradykinin, are the most favoured in vitro ACE substrates so far identified. The discovery of this in vitro prohormone-processing activity of insect ACE provides a possible explanation for the intracellular co-localization of the enzyme with locustamyotropin peptides, and provides evidence for a new role for ACE in the biosynthesis of peptide hormones and transmitters.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Isaac
- Department of Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K
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Hakim A, Isaac R, Vaidya G, Alimchandani A, Mehta PJ, Soneji SL. Hemangioblastoma of the brain stem presenting as hypertension. J Assoc Physicians India 1993; 41:463-4. [PMID: 8300500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Hakim
- Department of Medicine, TN Medical College, Bombay
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Farkas CS, Kossmann K, Armstrong J, Isaac R, Lowery G, Mathews F, Shorting L, Stermac L. Impact of HIV infection/AIDS on social service agencies serving children and youth in Toronto. Can J Public Health 1990; 81:297-300. [PMID: 2207955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
There are few data on how HIV infection/AIDS affects social service agencies serving children and youth. We conducted a survey of 24 provincially funded agencies in the Metro Toronto area and discovered that 36 clients and 9 staff members were HIV-infected. Our data strongly suggest that these agencies were ill equipped to cope with issues surrounding HIV infection/AIDS. Inadequacy or absence of policy and procedures resulted in confusion regarding issues such as HIV testing, need to know, confidentiality, duty to warn, staff and client education, and universal precautions for infection control. In order to effectively deal with the psychosocial, legal, ethical and education needs of clients and staff, agencies must be pro-active in developing policy and procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Farkas
- Central Toronto Youth Services AIDS Project
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Keshavarzian A, Schoenau G, Isaac R. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tube placement in cats. Lab Anim Sci 1989; 39:459-61. [PMID: 2811293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Keshavarzian
- Department of Medicine, Loyola University Medical School, Maywood, IL
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Kane PF, Isaac R, Conetta A, Sweeney R, Whittier P, Hambleton L, Barnett S, Furman B. Report of the Automated Methods Subcommittee of the Committee on Instrumental Methods
and Data Handling. J AOAC Int 1984. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/67.2.442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter F Kane
- Purdue University, Department of Biochemistry, West Lafayette, IN 47907
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Isaac R, Raymond JP, Rainfray M, Ardaillou R. Effects of an acute calcium load on plasma ACTH, cortisol, aldosterone and renin activity in man. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 1984; 105:251-7. [PMID: 6320569 DOI: 10.1530/acta.0.1050251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Plasma adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), cortisol and aldosterone increased during and after iv administration of calcium gluconate in 4 normal subjects, one patient with hypoparathyroidism and one patient with hypothyroidism. On the other hand, there was a decrease in plasma renin activity but only in the normal subjects. Plasma ACTH and cortisol responses to calcium were abolished whereas plasma aldosterone response persisted in 2 normal subjects pre-treated with dexamethasone. The results observed after calcium administration were compared to those observed after infusion of the solvent only in 6 normal subjects and 4 thyroidectomized patients who were studied twice at 3 day intervals. Plasma ACTH, cortisol and aldosterone were higher when calcium was administered. Plasma renin activity was not statistically different whether or not calcium had been injected in the subjects studied twice. These results demonstrate a direct effect of calcium on ACTH and aldosterone secretion which is not mediated by calcitonin and parathyroid hormone. The stimulatory effect of calcium on cortisol secretion depends on the increase in plasma ACTH.
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Styne DM, Isaac R, Miller WL, Leisti S, Connors M, Conte FA, Grumbach MM. Endocrine, histological, and biochemical studies of adrenocorticotropin-producing islet cell carcinoma of the pancreas in childhood with characterization of proopiomelanocortin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1983; 57:723-31. [PMID: 6309881 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-57-4-723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Two 8-yr-old children, a boy and girl, are described with Cushing's syndrome secondary to ectopic ACTH-secreting pancreatic islet cell carcinomas. The girl, seen 28 yr ago, had strong presumptive evidence of ectopic ACTH production and hypercalcemia. The boy, studied recently, had strikingly elevated concentrations of plasma ACTH (1,500 pg/ml) and beta-lipotropin (beta LPH; 2,500 pg/ml) and showed no suppression of urinary 17-hydroxycorticoids or cortisol with low and high dose dexamethasone. He had increased plasma calcitonin (257 pg/ml), glucagon (442 pg/ml), lactate dehydrogenase (497 IU/liter), and alpha-fetoprotein (5,144 pg/ml). He also had hypokalemic alkalosis with elevated plasma deoxycorticosterone (70 ng/ml) and PRA (6.9 ng/ml.h) but normal plasma aldosterone (8.2 ng/dl) and 18-hydroxycorticosterone (7.6 ng/dl). Preoperative localization of the tumor was accomplished by computed tomographic scan of the abdomen with concurrent barium enema. Cell-free translation of the tumor mRNA produced authentic proopiomelanocortin of 35,000 mol wt, indicating that the ACTH and beta LPH were produced by the tumor from a common precursor. After removal of a large amount of metastatic tissue from the boy, clinical progression of the remaining tumor was monitored by measuring plasma ACTH and beta LPH. Episodic secretion of ACTH and beta LPH was demonstrated by taking frequent plasma samples while suppressing pituitary ACTH with oral dexamethasone. Chemotherapy and radiation proved ineffective in controlling the growth of his tumor.
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Raymond JP, Isaac R, Merceron RE, Wahbe F. Comparison between the plasma concentrations of prolactin and parathyroid hormone in normal subjects and in patients with hyperparathyroidism or hyperprolactinemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1982; 55:1222-5. [PMID: 7130342 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-55-6-1222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In 30 normal subjects, the mean (+/- SEM) plasma concentration of PRL was 5.90 +/- 0.40 ng/ml and that of PTH was 0.51 +/- 0.03 ng/ml. There was no significant difference in plasma hormone levels according to age or sex. Ten cases of primary hyperparathyroidism showed PRL concentrations (8.90 +/- 1.80 ng/ml) significantly (P less than 0.01) higher than those of the normal subjects. After adenomectomy, the PRL concentration decreased (5.35 +/- 0.50 ng/ml). However, this decrease was only significant in the 5 of 10 patients who had preoperative plasma PRL levels of 10 ng/ml or more (P less than 0.01). The increase in PRL concentration in 10 cases of secondary hyperparathyroidism with normal glomerular function was also significant (14.25 +/- 3.9 ng/ml; P less than 0.001). Fourteen patients with prolactinoma showed PTH plasma levels (1.25 +/- 0.15 ng/ml) significantly higher than those of normal subjects (P less than 0.001). Eight of the 14 patients received 7.5 mg/24 h of bromocriptine for 3 months; their mean plasma PTH level decreased significantly from 1.60 +/- 0.35 to 0.50 +/- 0.11 ng/ml (P less than 0.01). In 9 cases of secondary hyperprolactinemia, the increase in PTH (0.80 +/- 0.16 ng/ml) was significant compared to the plasma PTH levels in the normal group (P less than 0.05). These results show that an excess of plasma PRL is associated with an excess of plasma PTH and vice versa. The mechanisms of these relationships remain unclear.
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Marti-Henneberg C, Gluckman PD, Isaac R, Kaplan SL, Grumbach MM. Hormone ontogeny in the ovine fetus: XII. The dopaminergic regulation of growth hormone and chorionic somatomammotropin release. Endocrinology 1981; 109:1355-9. [PMID: 7297481 DOI: 10.1210/endo-109-5-1355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Dry J, Ardaillou R, Pradalier A, Isaac R, Piquet V. [Hormonal stimulation after injection of thyrotrophin releasing factor (TRF) and 1-24 ACTH in patients following chronic treatment with neuroleptics (author's transl)]. Acta Psychiatr Belg 1980; 80:607-18. [PMID: 6263049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Fifteen patients with neuroleptic treatment (haloperidol 4 to 6 mg a day or phenothiazines) and eleven control patients were given TRH 250 microgram i.v. and 1-24 ACTH, i.m. different times, TSH, T3, T4, FT4, Prolactin (PRL) cortisol were measured. Before TRH injection, at baseline, TSH is higher (p less than 0,01) and T3 lower (p less than 0,05) in the neuroleptics treated group than in the control group. These results suggest the occurrence of a biological hypothyroidism in the group with neuroleptics; moreover PRL is significantly increased. After TRH injection the response is not significantly different between the two groups. Cortisol level is lower at baseline and after 1-24 ACTH injections in the group with neuroleptics.
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Isaac R, Raymond JP, Merceron RE, Wahbe F, Ardaillou R. Absence of effect of 1-34 h PTH on plasma TSH, GH, FSH, LH, ACTH and cortisol in normal man. Horm Metab Res 1980; 12:487-8. [PMID: 7429420 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-999183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Isaac R, Merceron R, Caillens G, Raymond JP, Ardaillou R. Effects of calcitonin on basal and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated prolactin secretion in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1980; 50:1011-5. [PMID: 6768762 DOI: 10.1210/jcem-50-6-1011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Plasma PRL fell in nine healthy subjects and four patients with hyperprolactinemia after iv administration of salmon calcitonin (CT). The maximum fall was observed 30--60 min after the infusion. There was no change in the plasma concentrations of the other anterior pituitary hormones tested (GH, FSH, LH, and TSH). In five healthy subjects, TRH was injected 60 min after the CT infusion. This protocol was repeated in the same subjects at 3-day intervals, except CT was not administered. Plasma PRL before TRH injection was clearly lower when CT had been administered. Plasma concentrations of the other anterior pituitary hormones did not change. PRL and TSH responses to TRH were markedly inhibited when CT had been previously infused. These observations are in agreement with preceeding studies showing a similar effect of CT on the plasma concentration of various other polypeptide hormones. This general effect of CT could be attributed to a change in intracellular calcium of the secreting cells.
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Abstract
The iv infusion of parathyroid extract or the synthetic fragments of 1-34 bovine or human parathyroid hormone produced a rapid and marked increase of plasma PRL in normal subjects. The stimulation of the release of endogenous parathyroid hormone by administration of disodium EDTA also resulted in a parallel increase of plasma PRL. Parathyroid hormone did not act via plasma cAMP, as the plasma level reached by this nucleotide was too small to produce PRL release. The ingestion of L-dopa 2 h before parathyroid hormone infusion suppressed the PRL response, suggesting that dopamine and parathyroid hormone interact at a common site. As it has been recently shown that PRL stimulates the renal synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol, the present data suggest that the effect of parathyroid hormone on this synthesis may be due to the increase in plasma PRL.
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Abstract
A double blind crossover trial was carried out to assess the effect of povidone iodine on plaque accumulation in vivo and to measure the total salivary aerobes and anaerobes throughout the study. When compared to the placebo preparation, povidone iodine was without effect on plaque accumulation in all the subjects and there was a progressive increase in plaque throughout the 10-day periods. A 30 to 40 % overall reduction in aerobes and anaerobes occurred with the active preparation which was significant. There appears to be no indication for the use of povidone iodine as an adjunct to oral hygiene or in the treatment of chronic gingivitis.
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Akoun G, Huchon G, Herson S, Marsac J, Isaac R, Girard F. [Secretion by a bronchial cancer, of calcitonin, ACTH, ADH and melanocyte stimulating hormone]. Ann Med Interne (Paris) 1976; 127:899-904. [PMID: 190931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Abstract
Several monocyclic peroxide compounds and two acyclic hydroperoxides have been tested for activity in the thiobarbituric acid test. All cyclic peroxides tested which have beta dioxygen functionality on non-tertiary carbons gave positive thiobarbituric acid tests at 532 nm. (epsilon = 10(3) --10(4)) Two acyclic unsaturated hydroperoxides which were derived from gamma-linolenic acid also gave positive thiobarbituric acid tests. In addition to the 532-nm-absorbing species, all peroxidic compounds tested showed a transient absorption at 450 nm during the thiobarbituric acid test. The species responsible for this 450 nm absorption appears to be an intermediate in a series reaction sequence. This intermediate is converted, in time, to the 532-nm-absorbing species. Thiobarbituric acid assay of the crude autoxidation product mixture of gamma-linolenic acid also shows this transient 450-nm-absorbing species. Added ferric ion enhances the 532 nm abosrbance of the thiobarbituric acid assay of cyclic peroxides.
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Porter NA, Funk MO, Gilmore D, Isaac R, Nixon J. The formation of cyclic peroxides from unsaturated hydroperoxides: Models for prostaglandin biosynthesis. J Am Chem Soc 1976; 98:6000-5. [PMID: 965634 DOI: 10.1021/ja00435a037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ardaillou R, Isaac R, Beaufils M, Nivez MP. [High plasma concentrations of calcitonin in acute and chronic renal insufficiency]. J Urol Nephrol (Paris) 1976; 82:371. [PMID: 940185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Ardaillou R, Isaac R, Nivez MP, Kuhn JM, Cazor JL, Fillastre JP. Effect of salmon calcitonin on renal excretion of adenosine 3', 5' monophosphate in man. Horm Metab Res 1976; 8:136-40. [PMID: 177347 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1093669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous infusion of salmon calcitonin in six healthy subjects produced an increase in the plasma levels and urinary excretion of cyclic AMP. Cyclic AMP clearance diminished but remained higher than inulin clearance. Salmon calcitonin was also infused in six hypertensive patients with normal glomerular filtration rate. Arterial and renal venous plasma concentration of cyclic AMP were clearly raised. The difference between both these concentrations was not significant in the control periods but became marked during the treatment and post treatment periods demonstrating a net extraction of cyclic AMP from plasma by the kidneys. Renal extraction of cyclic AMP was lower than its urinary excretion in the control periods whereas it was clearly higher after salmon calcitonin was given. This shows that salmon calcitonin stimulates the production of cyclic AMP in extra-renal tissues and that the excess of cyclic AMP formed is catabolized by the kidneys.
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Akoun G, Huchon G, Herson S, Marsac J, Isaac R, Girard F. [Letter: Quadruple paraneoplastic endocrine syndrome in primary bronchial cancer]. Nouv Presse Med 1976; 5:435. [PMID: 176628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Ardaillou R, Beaufils M, Nivez MP, Isaac R, Mayaud C, Sraer JD. Increased plasma calcitonin in early acute renal failure. Clin Sci Mol Med 1975; 49:301-4. [PMID: 1192689 DOI: 10.1042/cs0490301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
1. High plasma immunoreactive calcitonin concentrations were observed in ten of eleven patients with acute renal failure, particularly in the oliguric phase. 2. Immunoreactive calcitonin decreased progressively with time, independently of recovery of renal function. 3. Radioimmunoassay curves obtained with serial dilutions of plasma from these patients were parallel to or superimposed upon those obtained with calcitonin standards.
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Isaac R, Nivez MP, Piamba G, Fillastre JP, Ardaillou R. Influence of calcium infusion on calcitonin and parathyroid hormone concentrations in normal and hemodialyzed subjects. Clin Nephrol 1975; 3:14-7. [PMID: 1126058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma calcitonin and parathyroid hormone concentrations were compared before and after calcium infusion in both hemodialyzed patients and control subjects. Levels of both hormones were significantly higher in patients with chronic renal failure. In the uremic group, calcium infusion inhibited parathyroid hormone secretion but did not affect calcitonin. In the control group, calcium infusion stimulated calcitonin secretion but had no effect on parathyroid hormone.
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Akoun G, Huchon G, Marsac J, Isaac R, Chauveau P, Brocard H. [Letter: Secretion of a substance with parathormone activity by a bronchial neoplasm]. Nouv Presse Med 1974; 3:2182. [PMID: 4280038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Isaac R. Defining death. Can Med Assoc J 1973; 108:1102. [PMID: 4704887 PMCID: PMC1941406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Isaac R. Coroners act, 1972. Can Med Assoc J 1972; 107:485 passim. [PMID: 5056999 PMCID: PMC1940913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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46
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Fillastre JP, Ardaillou R, Isaac R. Influence of extracellular volume expansion on the composition of proximal tubular fluid in man. Clin Sci (Lond) 1971; 40:479-86. [PMID: 5557956 DOI: 10.1042/cs0400479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
1. Distal blockade by simultaneous administration of ethacrynic acid and chlorothiazide was performed in healthy subjects whose extracellular fluid was expanded by iso-osmotic sodium chloride or bicarbonate. The results obtained were compared with those from non-expanded subjects (Ardaillou & Fillastre, 1969).
2. By this technique urine approximates in composition to proximal tubular fluid and may be used to provide information on its composition. As in other mammals, UNa/PNa and Uosm/Posm were close to 1, whatever the experimental conditions. UCl/PCl was always higher and UHCO3/PHCO3 always less than 1.
3. Extracellular fluid expansion with sodium chloride depresses water and sodium reabsorption as shown by the increase of tubular fluid and the diminution of UInul/PInul and TNa/GFR × PNa where TNa and GFR × PNa are respectively the amounts of sodium reabsorbed and filtered per min. It also decreases bicarbonate proximal Tm. The influence on bicarbonate reabsorption is more marked in alkali-loaded than in acid-loaded subjects.
4. Extracellular fluid expansion with iso-osmotic sodium bicarbonate also depresses water, sodium and bicarbonate reabsorption. These results suggest that chloride administration is not necessary to diminish bicarbonate reabsorption and that tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate depends in part on the state of effective extracellular volume.
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Isaac R, Raynaud C, Rymer M, Monod O. [Pulmonary scintiscans with 197HgCl-2. Clinical results]. J Fr Med Chir Thorac 1970; 24:225-36. [PMID: 5421060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Isaac R, Vanquaethem M, Raynaud C, Blanchon P. [Pulmonary radioisotope scanning with 197HgCl2 during neoplastic and infectious diseases of the lung. Interpretation of the images]. J Fr Med Chir Thorac 1969; 23:771-85. [PMID: 5367013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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49
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Monod O, Raynaud C, Isaac R, Rymer M. [Pulmonary scintigraphy with mercury]. Ann Chir Thorac Cardiovasc 1968; 7:499-500. [PMID: 5758330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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50
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Raynaud C, Isaac R, Rymer M, Blanchon P, Monod O, Kellershohn C. [Pulmonary scintiscanning with Hg Cl 2-197]. J Fr Med Chir Thorac 1967; 21:735-43. [PMID: 5621722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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