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Alhulaefi SS, Watson AW, Ramsay SE, Jakubovics NS, Matu J, Griffiths A, Kimble R, Siervo M, Brandt K, Shannon OM. Effects of dietary nitrate supplementation on oral health and associated markers of systemic health: a systematic review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38733290 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2351168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Poor oral health can impact an individual's ability to eat and has been associated with an increased risk of non-communicable diseases. While the benefits of nitrate consumption on oral health were first proposed more than 20 years ago, no systematic review has been published examining effects of dietary nitrate on oral health. This systematic review investigated the effects of dietary nitrate on markers of oral health in vivo in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Five databases (PubMed, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, MEDLINE, and SPORTDiscus) were searched from inception until March 2023. Nine articles reporting data on 284 participants were included. Dietary nitrate was provided via beetroot juice in most studies. The duration of the interventions ranged from one day to six weeks. Dietary nitrate supplementation increased the relative abundance of several individual bacterial genera including Neisseria and Rothia. Dietary nitrate supplementation increased salivary pH and decreased salivary acidification following consumption of a sugar-sweetened beverage. Furthermore, dietary nitrate supplementation resulted in a decrease in the gingival inflammation index. The results of this systematic review suggest that dietary nitrate could represent a potential nutritional strategy to positively modify oral health by impacting the oral microbiome, altering salivary pH, and minimizing gingival inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shatha S Alhulaefi
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Department of Nutrition, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anthony W Watson
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sheena E Ramsay
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Nick S Jakubovics
- School of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jamie Matu
- School of Health, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Rachel Kimble
- Division of Sport, Exercise and Health, Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Kirsten Brandt
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition & Exercise Research Centre, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Zare R, Kimble R, Ali Redha A, Cerullo G, Clifford T. How can chokeberry ( Aronia) (poly)phenol-rich supplementation help athletes? A systematic review of human clinical trials. Food Funct 2023. [PMID: 37272297 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00336a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Athletes are increasingly consuming (poly)phenol supplements to modify oxidative stress and/or exercise-induced inflammation, in the hope that this will enhance exercise performance. Chokeberries are rich in (poly)phenols and may therefore influence the health and performance of athletes. The objective of this systematic review was to comprehensively explore the effects of chokeberry supplementation on performance and exercise-induced biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and haematology in the athletic population. A search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS. Studies were included if the participants were athletes, supplemented with chokeberry or chokeberry-based products, and evaluated sports-related outcomes. A total of ten articles were included in the study. The participants of all the studies were athletes and included rowers, football players, handball players, triathletes, and runners. A qualitative comprehensive summary of the applications of chokeberry supplementation targeting the athletic population has been evaluated. This included the effect of chokeberry supplementation on redox status, exercise-induced inflammation, haematology, iron metabolism, platelet aggregation, metabolic markers, body composition, and exercise performance. Chokeberry (poly)phenol-rich supplementation may be effective in enhancing the redox balance of athletes, yet more evidence is required to provide solid conclusions on its effect on inflammation, platelet function, iron metabolism and exercise performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Zare
- Meshkat Sports Complex, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
- Arses Sports Complex, Karaj, Alborz Province, Iran
| | - Rachel Kimble
- Division of Sport and Exercise Science, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, UK
| | - Ali Ali Redha
- The Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK.
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation (QAAFI), The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Cerullo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Tom Clifford
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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Kimble R, Papacosta AO, Lennon LT, Whincup PH, Weyant RJ, Mathers JC, Wannamethee SG, Ramsay SE. The Relationship of Oral Health with Progression of Physical Frailty among Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study Composed of Two Cohorts of Older Adults from the United Kingdom and United States. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:468-474.e3. [PMID: 36584971 PMCID: PMC10398566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2022.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prospective associations between oral health and progression of physical frailty in older adults. DESIGN Prospective analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Data are from the British Regional Heart Study (BRHS) comprising 2137 men aged 71 to 92 years from 24 British towns and the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (HABC) Study of 3075 men and women aged 70 to 79 years. METHODS Oral health markers included denture use, tooth count, periodontal disease, self-rated oral health, dry mouth, and perceived difficulty eating. Physical frailty progression after ∼8 years follow-up was determined based on 2 scoring tools: the Fried frailty phenotype (for physical frailty) and the Gill index (for severe frailty). Logistic regression models were conducted to examine the associations between oral health markers and progression to frailty and severe frailty, adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioral, and health-related factors. RESULTS After full adjustment, progression to frailty was associated with dentition [per each additional tooth, odds ratio (OR) 0.97; 95% CI: 0.95-1.00], <21 teeth with (OR 1.74; 95% CI: 1.02-2.96) or without denture use (OR 2.45; 95% CI 1.15-5.21), and symptoms of dry mouth (OR ≥1.8; 95% CI ≥ 1.06-3.10) in the BRHS cohort. In the HABC Study, progression to frailty was associated with dry mouth (OR 2.62; 95% CI 1.05-6.55), self-reported difficulty eating (OR 2.12; 95% CI 1.28-3.50) and ≥2 cumulative oral health problems (OR 2.29; 95% CI 1.17-4.50). Progression to severe frailty was associated with edentulism (OR 4.44; 95% CI 1.39-14.15) and <21 teeth without dentures after full adjustment. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These findings indicate that oral health problems, particularly tooth loss and dry mouth, in older adults are associated with progression to frailty in later life. Additional research is needed to determine if interventions aimed at maintaining (or improving) oral health can contribute to reducing the risk, and worsening, of physical frailty in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kimble
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Division of Sport and Exercise Science, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, UK.
| | - A Olia Papacosta
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Lucy T Lennon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, UCL, London, UK
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Robert J Weyant
- Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - John C Mathers
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Sheena E Ramsay
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Kimble R, Jones K, Howatson G. The effect of dietary anthocyanins on biochemical, physiological, and subjective exercise recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 63:1262-1276. [PMID: 34402657 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1963208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins (ACN), the sub-class of (poly)phenols responsible for the red-blue-purple pigmentation of fruit and vegetables, have gained considerable interest in sport and exercise research due to their potential to facilitate exercise recovery. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL. Thirty nine studies were included and the standardized mean difference (Hedges g) for creatine kinase (CK), anti-oxidative and inflammatory markers, strength, power and delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) indices were pooled in separate meta-analyses; meta-regression was also performed on reported ACN dose. Immediately post-exercise there was an increase in antioxidant capacity (g: 0.56) and reduced C reactive protein (g: -0.24) and tumor necrosis factor α (g: -40); p ≤ 0.02. Strength was improved with ACN at all time points (g: 0.45-0.67). DOMS (g: -0.23) was lower 24 hours post-exercise and power was improved 24 hours (g: 0.62) and 48 hours (g: 0.57) post exercise. The CK was lower 48 hours post-exercise (g: -0.31) and there was a trend for a positive association with ACN dose (p = 0.057). This systematic review provides new data showing ACN-rich foods promote functional and subjective recovery likely due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of ACN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kimble
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Water Research Group, North West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Kimble R, Papacosta AO, Lennon LT, Whincup PH, Weyant RJ, Mathers JC, Wannamethee SG, Ramsay SE. The Relationships of Dentition, Use of Dental Prothesis and Oral Health Problems with Frailty, Disability and Diet Quality: Results from Population-Based Studies of Older Adults from the UK and USA. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:663-672. [PMID: 37702340 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1951-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the relationships of dental status, use and types of dental prothesis and oral health problems, individually and combined, with diet quality, frailty and disability in two population-based studies of older adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Men form the British Regional Heart Study (BRHS) (aged 85±4 years in 2018; n=1013) and Men and Women from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition (HABC) Study (aged 75±3 years in 1998-99; n=1975). MEASUREMENTS Physical and dental examinations and questionnaires were collected with data available for dental status, oral problems related to eating, diet quality, Fried frailty phenotype, disability based on mobility limitations, and activities of daily living (ADL). The associations of dental status and oral health problems, individually and combined, with risk of frailty and disability were quantified. The relationship with diet quality was also assessed. RESULTS In the BRHS, but not HABC Study, impaired natural dentition without the use of dentures was associated with frailty independently. This relationship was only established in the same group in those with oral problems (OR=3.24; 95% CI: 1.30-8.03). In the HABC Study, functional dentition with oral health problems was associated with greater risk of frailty (OR=2.21; 95% CI: 1.18-4.15). In both studies those who wore a full or partial denture in one or more jaw who reported oral problems were more likely to have disability. There was no association with diet quality in these groups. CONCLUSION Older adults with impaired dentition even who use dentures who experience self-report oral problems related to eating may be at increased risk of frailty and disability. Further research is needed to establish whether improving oral problems could potentially reduce the occurrence of frailty and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kimble
- Dr. Rachel Kimble, Institute of Health and Society, University of the West of Scotland, Technology Ave, Blantyre, Glasgow G72 0LH, United Kingdom, E-mail:
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Jones K, Kimble R, Baker K, Tew GA. Effects of structured exercise programmes on physiological and psychological outcomes in adults with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0278480. [PMID: 36454911 PMCID: PMC9714897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0278480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exercise has been suggested to counteract specific complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, its role as a therapeutic option remains poorly understood. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of exercise in IBD. METHODS Five databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL and SPORTDiscus) and three registers (Clinicaltrials.gov, WHO ICTRP and ISRCTN) were searched from inception to September 2022, for studies assessing the effects of structured exercise of at least 4 weeks duration on physiological and/or psychological outcomes in adults with IBD. Two independent reviewers screened records, assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB 2.0) and ROBINS-I tools, and evaluated the certainty of evidence using the GRADE method. Data were meta-analysed using a random-effects model. RESULTS From 4,123 citations, 15 studies (9 RCTs) were included, comprising of 637 participants (36% male). Pooled evidence from six RCTs indicated that exercise improved disease activity (SMD = -0.44; 95% CI [-0.82 to -0.07]; p = 0.02), but not disease-specific quality of life (QOL) (IBDQ total score; MD = 3.52; -2.00 to 9.04; p = 0.21) when compared to controls. Although meta-analysis could not be performed for other outcomes, benefits were identified in fatigue, muscular function, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, bone mineral density and psychological well-being. Fourteen exercise-related non-serious adverse events occurred. The overall certainty of evidence was low for disease activity and very low for HRQOL as a result of downgrading for risk of bias and imprecision. CONCLUSIONS Structured exercise programmes improve disease activity, but not disease-specific QOL. Defining an optimal exercise prescription and synthesis of evidence in other outcomes, was limited by insufficient well-designed studies to ascertain the true effect of exercise training. This warrants further large-scale randomised trials employing standard exercise prescription to verify this effect to enable the implementation into clinical practice. REGISTRATION This systematic review was prospectively registered in an international database of systematic reviews in health-related research (CRD42017077992; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Jones
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Rachel Kimble
- Division of Sport and Exercise Science, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine Baker
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, University of Northumbria at Newcastle, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Garry A. Tew
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
- York St John University, Lord Mayor’s Walk, York, United Kingdom
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Kimble R, McLellan G, Lennon LT, Papacosta AO, Weyant RJ, Kapila Y, Mathers JC, Wannamathee SG, Whincup PH, Ramsay SE. Association between oral health markers and decline in muscle strength and physical performance in later life: longitudinal analyses of two prospective cohorts from the UK and the USA. Lancet Healthy Longev 2022; 3:e777-e788. [PMID: 36356627 PMCID: PMC10397540 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-7568(22)00222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor oral health could be associated with changes in musculoskeletal health over time. This aim of this study was to investigate the longitudinal relationship between oral health and decline in physical function in later life. METHODS We did a prospective analysis of two cohorts of older adults (aged 70 years or older) including men from the British Regional Heart Study (BRHS; n=612), and men and women from the Health, Aging and Body Composition (Health ABC) Study (n=1572), followed up for about 8 years. Data were available for clinical or self-reported oral health measures, muscle (grip) strength, and physical performance (chair stand and gait speed). ANCOVA models were used to assess the association between oral health and follow-up physical function scores. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the associations between oral health and decline in physical function over the follow-up period. In the BRHS, changes in oral health and physical function were also assessed. All models were adjusted for relevant sociodemographic, behavioural, and health-related factors. FINDINGS In the BRHS, complete tooth loss and difficulty eating were associated with weaker grip strength at follow-up, and periodontal status was associated with decline in gait speed. In the Health ABC Study, complete tooth loss, poor self-rated oral health, and the presence of one oral health problem were associated with slower gait speed at follow-up. In both studies, dry mouth was associated with declines in physical function. In the BRHS, deterioration of dentition (tooth loss) over the follow-up period was associated with decline in chair stand speed (adjusted odds ratio 2·34 [95% CI 1·20-4·46]), as was deterioration in difficulty eating (2·41 [1·04-5·60]). INTERPRETATION Oral health problems are associated with poorer physical function and greater decline in physical function in older adults, and could be an indicator of individuals at risk of reduced physical capacity and subsequent frailty and disability in later life. FUNDING The Dunhill Medical Trust and the US National Institutes of Health-National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kimble
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Division of Sport and Exercise Science, School of Health and Life Sciences, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, UK.
| | - Gillian McLellan
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lucy T Lennon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anna Olia Papacosta
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert J Weyant
- Department of Dental Public Health, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yvonne Kapila
- School of Dentistry, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John C Mathers
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Sheena E Ramsay
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Kimble R, McLellan G, Lennon LT, Papacosta AO, Mathers JC, Wannamethee SG, Whincup PH, Ramsay SE. Cohort Profile Update: The British Regional Heart Study 1978-2018: 40 years of follow-up of older British men. Int J Epidemiol 2022:6599229. [PMID: 35656703 PMCID: PMC10244063 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyac122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kimble
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gillian McLellan
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Lucy T Lennon
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Olia Papacosta
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - S Goya Wannamethee
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Peter H Whincup
- Population Health Research Institute, St George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Shenna E Ramsay
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Kimble R, Gouinguenet P, Ashor A, Stewart C, Deighton K, Matu J, Griffiths A, Malcomson FC, Joel A, Houghton D, Stevenson E, Minihane AM, Siervo M, Shannon OM, Mathers JC. Effects of a mediterranean diet on the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8698-8719. [PMID: 35361035 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2057416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MedDiet) is associated with reduced risk of numerous non-communicable diseases. Modulation of the composition and metabolism of the gut microbiota represents a potential mechanism through which the MedDiet elicits these effects. We conducted a systematic literature search (Prospero registration: CRD42020168977) using PubMed, The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscuss, Scopus and CINAHL databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies exploring the impact of a MedDiet on gut microbiota composition (i.e., relative abundance of bacteria or diversity metrics) and metabolites (e.g., short chain fatty acids). Seventeen RCTs and 17 observational studies were eligible for inclusion in this review. Risk of bias across the studies was mixed but mainly identified as low and unclear. Overall, RCTs and observational studies provided no clear evidence of a consistent effect of a MedDiet on composition or metabolism of the gut microbiota. These findings may be related to the diverse methods across studies (e.g., MedDiet classification and analytical techniques), cohort characteristics, and variable quality of studies. Further, well-designed studies are warranted to advance understanding of the potential effects of the MedDiet using more detailed examination of microbiota and microbial metabolites with reference to emerging characteristics of a healthy gut microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kimble
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Phebee Gouinguenet
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Nutrition & Food Sciences, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Ammar Ashor
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Christopher Stewart
- Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Jamie Matu
- School of Clinical Applied Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Alex Griffiths
- Institute for Sport, Physical Activity & Leisure, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
| | - Fiona C Malcomson
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Abraham Joel
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - David Houghton
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Emma Stevenson
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anne Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia (UEA), Norwich, UK
| | - Mario Siervo
- School of Life Sciences, The University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Oliver M Shannon
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Howatson G, Snaith GC, Kimble R, Cowper G, Keane KM. Improved Endurance Running Performance Following Haskap Berry ( Lonicera caerulea L.) Ingestion. Nutrients 2022; 14:780. [PMID: 35215430 PMCID: PMC8877138 DOI: 10.3390/nu14040780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Food high in (poly)phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins, have the potential to improve exercise recovery and exercise performance. Haskap berries are rich in anthocyanins, but no research has examined the potential to improve human performance. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of Haskap berry on parameters of endurance running performance. METHODS Using a double-blind, placebo controlled, independent groups design, 30 male recreational runners (mean ± SD age, 33 ± 7 years; stature, 178.2 ± 7.2 cm; mass, 77.7 ± 10.6 kg; V˙O2peak, 52.2 ± 6.6 mL/kg/min) volunteered to participate. Following familiarisation, volunteers visited the laboratory twice (separated by seven days) to assess submaximal, maximal and 5 km time trial running performance. After the first visit, volunteers were randomly assigned to consume either the Haskap berry intervention or an isocaloric placebo control. RESULTS There were modest changes in heart rate and V˙O2 at submaximal intensities (p < 0.05). Time to exhaustion during the V˙O2peak test was longer in the Haskap group by 20 s (p = 0.031). Additionally, 5 km time trial performance was improved in the Haskap group by ~21 s (p = 0.016), which equated to a 0.25 km/h increase in mean running speed compared to the placebo control; this represented a >2% improvement in running performance. CONCLUSIONS The application of this newly identified functional food to athletes has the capacity to improve endurance running performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (G.C.S.); (G.C.); (K.M.K.)
- Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa
| | - Gemma C. Snaith
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (G.C.S.); (G.C.); (K.M.K.)
| | - Rachel Kimble
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Gavin Cowper
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (G.C.S.); (G.C.); (K.M.K.)
| | - Karen M. Keane
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (G.C.S.); (G.C.); (K.M.K.)
- School of Science and Computing, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland
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Kimble R, Keane KM, Lodge JK, Cheung W, Haskell-Ramsay CF, Howatson G. Polyphenol-rich tart cherries ( Prunus Cerasus, cv Montmorency) improve sustained attention, feelings of alertness and mental fatigue and influence the plasma metabolome in middle-aged adults: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2022; 128:1-12. [PMID: 35109960 PMCID: PMC9723490 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Tart Montmorency cherries (MC) are a particularly rich source of anthocyanins and other polyphenols that have been shown to elicit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and vasomodulatory actions. The current study aimed to determine the influence of chronic MC supplementation on cognitive function and mood. In a 3-month double-blinded, placebo-controlled parallel study, middle-aged adults (mean ± sd: 48 ± 6 years) were randomly assigned to either 30 ml twice daily of MC (n 25) or the same amount of an isoenergetic placebo (n 25). Cognitive function and mood were assessed before and after supplementation using a computerised cognitive task battery and visual analogue scales. Cerebral blood flow was also monitored by near-infrared spectroscopy during the task battery, and questionnaires were administered to determine subjective sleep and health status and plasma metabolomics were analysed before and after supplementation. After 3 months, the MC resulted in higher accuracy in digit vigilance (mean difference: 3·3, 95 % CI: 0·2, 6·4 %) with lower number of false alarms (mean difference: -1·2, 95 % CI: -2·0, -0·4) compared with the placebo. There was also a treatment effect for higher alertness (mean difference: 5·9, 95 % CI: 1·3, 10·5 %) and lower mental fatigue ratings (mean difference -9·5, 95 % CI: -16·5, -2·5 %) with MC. Plasma metabolomics revealed an increase in a number of amino acids in response to MC intake, but not placebo. These data suggest an anti-fatiguing effect of MC supplementation as well as the ability to improve sustained attention during times of high cognitive demand, this could be related to changes in amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kimble
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Karen M. Keane
- School of Science and Computing, Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, Galway, Ireland
| | - John K. Lodge
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - William Cheung
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | | | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
- Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Kimble R, Murray L, Keane KM, Haggerty K, Howatson G, Lodge JK. The influence of tart cherries ( Prunus Cerasus) on vascular function and the urinary metabolome: a randomised placebo-controlled pilot study. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e73. [PMID: 34589205 PMCID: PMC8453453 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Montmorency tart cherries (MC) have been found to modulate indices of vascular function with interventions of varying duration. The objective of this preliminary study was to identify the chronic effects of MC supplementation on vascular function and the potential for urinary metabolomics to provide mechanistic evidence. We performed a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised study on 23 healthy individuals (18M, 7F) that consumed 30 ml MC or a placebo twice daily for 28 days. Whole body measures of vascular function and spot urine collections were taken at baseline and after supplementation. There were no significant changes to vascular function including blood pressure and arterial stiffness. Urinary metabolite profiling highlighted significant changes (P < 0⋅001) with putative discriminatory metabolites related to tryptophan and histidine metabolism. Overall, MC supplementation for 28 days does not improve indices of vascular function but changes to the urinary metabolome could be suggestive of potential mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kimble
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Lucy Murray
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Karen M. Keane
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Karen Haggerty
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - John K. Lodge
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
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Kimble R, Keane KM, Lodge JK, Howatson G. The Influence of Tart Cherry ( Prunus cerasus, cv Montmorency) Concentrate Supplementation for 3 Months on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Middle-Aged Adults: A Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2021; 13:1417. [PMID: 33922493 PMCID: PMC8145763 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tart Montmorency cherries (MC) have been shown to be rich in anthocyanins and other phytochemicals known to have anti-inflammatory properties and influence pathways that might improve cardiometabolic health. However, there is limited evidence for the longer-term use of tart cherries on these indices. The aim of the current study was to investigate the influence of MC concentrate on cardiometabolic health indices following a 3-month supplementation period. METHODS Fifty middle-aged adults (34 males and 16 females; mean ± SD age: 48 ± 6 years and BMI: 27.6 ± 3.7 kg/m2) completed a randomised, placebo-controlled parallel study in which they either received MC or an isocaloric placebo. Participants drank 30 mL of their allocated treatment twice per day for 3 months. Vascular function (blood pressure [BP], heart rate [HR], pulse wave velocity and analysis [PWV/A], and flow mediated dilation [FMD]) as well as indices of metabolic health (insulin, glucose, lipid profiles, and high sensitivity C reactive protein) were measured following an overnight fast before and after the 3 months. RESULTS No effect of the intervention between the groups was observed for vascular function or metabolic health variables following the intervention (p > 0.05). However, MC concentrate was shown to be safe and well-tolerated and, importantly, did not have any deleterious effects on these outcomes. In conclusion, MC has no influence on cardiometabolic indices in middle-aged adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kimble
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (R.K.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Karen M. Keane
- Galway-Mayo Institute of Technology, School of Science and Computing, H91 T8NW Galway, Ireland;
| | - John K. Lodge
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (R.K.); (J.K.L.)
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 8ST, UK; (R.K.); (J.K.L.)
- Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
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Kimble R, Murray L, Keane KM, Haggerty K, Howatson G, Lodge JK. Montmorency Tart Cherries Influence The Urinary Metabolome But Not Vascular Function In Healthy Individuals. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2020. [DOI: 10.1249/01.mss.0000687308.34690.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Williams HM, Hunter K, Clapham K, Ryder C, Kimble R, Griffin B. Efficacy and cultural appropriateness of psychosocial interventions for paediatric burn patients and caregivers: a systematic review. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:284. [PMID: 32131784 PMCID: PMC7057463 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-8366-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Paediatric burns are highly painful and traumatising injuries that are overrepresented among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Paediatric burn patients’ pain remains poorly managed by pharmacological interventions, leading to increased anxiety, distress, and trauma in patients and their caregivers. Non-pharmacological psychosocial interventions have been suggested as effective in reducing pain and psychological morbidities among paediatric burn patients and their caregivers; however, their degree of effectiveness and appropriateness for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people is unclear. Methods A non-date restricted systematic review was conducted through four databases. Studies published in English assessing psychosocial interventions on paediatric burn patients’ physical pain along with theirs and/or their caregiver’s anxiety, distress, or trauma symptoms were identified and included in this review. Included studies were assessed for their ability to reduce one of the outcomes of interests and for their reflection of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ perspectives of health. Results Of the 3178 identified references, 17 were eligible. These include distraction based techniques (n = 8), hypnosis/familiar imagery (n = 2), therapeutic approaches (n = 4), and patient preparation/procedural control (n = 3). Distraction techniques incorporating procedural preparation reduced pain, while discharge preparation and increased ‘patient control’ reduced patient and caregiver anxiety; and internet based Cognitive Behaviour Therapy reduced short-term but not long-term post-traumatic stress symptoms. No interventions reflected Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples’ perspectives of health; and few targeted caregivers or focused on reducing their symptoms. Conclusions The development and assessment of psychosocial interventions to appropriately meet the needs of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander paediatric burn patients is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Williams
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Graham Street, South Brisbane, 4101, QLD, Australia. .,Pegg Leditschke Paediatric Burns Centre, Queensland Children's Hospital, Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.
| | - K Hunter
- Injury Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, King Street, Sydney, 2042, NSW, Australia
| | - K Clapham
- Ngarruwan Ngadju First Peoples Health and Wellbeing Research Centre, Australian Health Services Research Institute, The University of Wollongong, Wollongong, 2522, NSW, Australia
| | - C Ryder
- Injury Division, The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, King Street, Sydney, 2042, NSW, Australia.,College of Medicine & Public Health, Southgate Institute for Health Society and Equity, Flinders University, Registry Road, Bedford Park, 5042, SA, Australia
| | - R Kimble
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Graham Street, South Brisbane, 4101, QLD, Australia.,Pegg Leditschke Paediatric Burns Centre, Queensland Children's Hospital, Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - B Griffin
- Pegg Leditschke Paediatric Burns Centre, Queensland Children's Hospital, Graham Street, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia.,School of Nursing, Queensland University of Technology, Ring Road, Brisbane, 4059, QLD, Australia
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Abstract
There is a dearth of information regarding the reliability of non-invasive measures of vascular function taken in a single testing session. This study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability of a test battery of vascular function measures: automated blood pressure (BP), laser Doppler imaging with iontophoresis (LDI), digital volume pulse (DVP), pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx) measured by pulse wave analysis (PWA) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) taken within and between sessions. Measures were taken in 21 non-smoking males intra-session and again inter-session (one week apart) to determine repeatability and reproducibility, respectively. There was moderate to excellent repeatability (ICC: 0.53-0.93; CV=2.2-18.1%) and reproducibility (ICC: 0.71-0.96; CV 1.9-14.2%) for BP, DVP stiffness index, PWV, AIx, AIx normalised to heart rate (75 bpm), absolute and percentage FMD. Repeatability of the DVP reflection index was moderate (ICC: 0.64; CV=9.5%) but there was poor reproducibility (ICC: 0.17; CV=15.1%). Moreover, the repeatability and reproducibility of the LDI measures ranged from poor to good (ICC: 0.31-0.84; CV=28.4-36.7%). These data indicated that there was considerable variability in the repeatability and reproducibility of measurements of endothelial function and arterial stiffness taken in a battery of measurements, which needs careful consideration in future research designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kimble
- Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Karen M Keane
- Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - John K Lodge
- Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Simons M, Kimble R, McPhail S, Tyack Z. The longitudinal validity, reproducibility and responsiveness of the Brisbane Burn Scar Impact Profile (caregiver report for young children version) for measuring health-related quality of life in children with burn scars. Burns 2019; 45:1792-1809. [PMID: 31147101 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2019.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The measurement of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) provides information about the perceived burden of the health condition and treatments from a lived experience. The Brisbane Burn Scar Impact Profile (caregiver report for young children, BBSIP0-8), developed in 2013, is a proxy-report measure of burn scar-specific HRQoL. The aim of this study was to report its psychometric properties in line with an evaluative purpose. METHODS Caregivers of children up to 8 years of age at risk of burn scarring were recruited into a prospective, longitudinal cohort study. Caregivers completed the BBSIP0-8, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory and Patient Observer Scar Assessment Scale at baseline (approximately ≥85% of the total body surface area re-epithelialised), 1-2 weeks after baseline and 1-month after baseline. Psychometric properties measured included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, validity and responsiveness. RESULTS Eighty-six caregivers of mostly male children (55%), of a median age (IQR) of 1 year, 10 months (2 years, 1 month) and total body surface area burn of 1.5% (3.0%) were recruited. Over one third of participants were grafted and 15% had contractures or skin tightness at baseline. Internal consistency of ten item groups ranged from 0.73 to 0.96. Hypothesised correlations of changes in the BBSIP0-8 items with changes in criterion measures supported longitudinal validity (ρ ranging from -0.73 to 0.68). The majority of item groups had acceptable reproducibility (ICC = 0.65-0.83). The responsiveness of five item groups was supported (AUC = 0.71-0.90). CONCLUSION The psychometric properties tested support the use of the BBSIP0-8 as an evaluative measure of burn scar-related health-related quality of life for children aged below eight years in the early post-acute period of rehabilitation. Further investigation at longer time period after burn injury is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Simons
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Queensland Children's Hospital, 501 Stanley St, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; Centre for Burns and Trauma Research, Child Health Research Centre, Level 7, Centre for Children's Health Research, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, 4101, Australia.
| | - R Kimble
- Centre for Burns and Trauma Research, Child Health Research Centre, Level 7, Centre for Children's Health Research, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, 4101, Australia; Department of Paediatric Surgery, Urology, Neonatal Surgery, Burns and Trauma, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia.
| | - S McPhail
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation and School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland 4059, Australia; Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Health, Buranda, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Z Tyack
- Centre for Burns and Trauma Research, Child Health Research Centre, Level 7, Centre for Children's Health Research, Raymond Terrace, South Brisbane, 4101, Australia; Centre for Functioning and Health Research, Metro South Health, Buranda, Queensland 4102, Australia.
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Kimble R, Keane KM, Lodge JK, Howatson G. Dietary intake of anthocyanins and risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:3032-3043. [PMID: 30277799 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1509835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests flavonoid intake is associated with reduced risk of non-communicable diseases. We aimed to systematically determine and quantify the potential association between dietary anthocyanin intake and risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). A systematic literature search of studies reporting anthocyanin intake and risk of fatal or nonfatal CVD was performed using SCOPUS, MEDLINE, CINAHL and Cochrane Library. The relative risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR) of highest category of anthocyanin foods were pooled in a random-effects meta-analysis. Subgroup analysis were conducted to determine possible sources of heterogeneity. The meta-analysis suggested intake of dietary anthocyanins and reduced risk of CHD (RR = 0.91, 95% CI: 0.83, 0.99; I2 = 12.0, Ph = 0.337) and CVD mortality (RR = 0.92, 95% CI: 0.87, 0.97; I2 = 0.0, Ph = 0.584). However, there was no relationship between the intake of these compounds and reduced risk of MI, stroke or total CVD. Subgroup analysis determined reduced risk of CHD and CVD mortality was more prominent for anthocyanidin intake, as opposed to anthocyanin or berries. Our systematic review and meta-analysis provides evidence that anthocyanins, specifically anthocyanidins, reduce the risk of CHD and CVD mortality. Further randomized controlled trials on anthocyanin intake and CVD risk factors are needed to support these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Kimble
- Department of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , UK
| | - Karen M Keane
- Department of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , UK
| | - John K Lodge
- Department of Applied Sciences Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , UK
| | - Glyn Howatson
- Department of Sport Exercise and Rehabilitation Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University , Newcastle-upon-Tyne , UK.,Water Research Group, School of Environmental Sciences and Development, Northwest University , Potchefstroom , South Africa
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Simons M, Gee Kee E, Kimble R, Tyack Z. Response to Letter to the Editor: “Ultrasound is a reproducible and valid tool for measuring scar height in children with burn scars: A cross-sectional study of the psychometric properties and utility of the ultrasound and 3D camera”. Burns 2017; 43:1138-1139. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Simons M, Kee EG, Kimble R, Tyack Z. Ultrasound is a reproducible and valid tool for measuring scar height in children with burn scars: A cross-sectional study of the psychometric properties and utility of the ultrasound and 3D camera. Burns 2017; 43:993-1001. [PMID: 28238405 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the reproducibility and validity of measuring scar height in children using ultrasound and 3D camera. METHOD Using a cross-sectional design, children with discrete burn scars were included. Reproducibility was tested using Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for reliability, and percentage agreement within 1mm between test and re-test, standard error of measurement (SEM), smallest detectable change (SDC) and Bland Altman limits of agreement for agreement. Concurrent validity was tested using Spearman's rho for support of pre-specified hypotheses. RESULTS Forty-nine participants (55 scars) were included. For ultrasound, test-retest and inter-rater reproducibility of scar thickness was acceptable for scarred skin (ICC=0.95, SDC=0.06cm and ICC=0.82, SDC=0.14cm). The ultrasound picked up changes of <1mm. Inter-rater reproducibility of maximal scar height using the 3D camera was acceptable (ICC=0.73, SDC=0.55cm). Construct validity of the ultrasound was supported with a strong correlation between the measure of scar thickness and observer ratings of thickness using the POSAS (ρ=0.61). Construct validity of the 3D camera was also supported with a moderate correlation (ρ=0.37) with the same measure using maximal scar height. CONCLUSIONS The ultrasound is capable of detecting smaller changes or differences in scar thickness than the 3D camera, in children with burn scars. However agreement as part of reproducibility was lower than expected between raters for the ultrasound. Improving the accuracy of scar relocation may go some way to address agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Simons
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, 501 Stanley St, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Child Health Research Centre, Level 7, Centre for Children's Health Research, 62 Graham St, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia.
| | - E Gee Kee
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, 501 Stanley St, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Child Health Research Centre, Level 7, Centre for Children's Health Research, 62 Graham St, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia.
| | - R Kimble
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Child Health Research Centre, Level 7, Centre for Children's Health Research, 62 Graham St, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; Department of Paediatric Surgery, Urology, Neonatal Surgery, Burns and Trauma, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia; School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland 4067, Australia.
| | - Z Tyack
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Child Health Research Centre, Level 7, Centre for Children's Health Research, 62 Graham St, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101, Australia.
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Lamanna A, Lust K, Fagermo N, Kimble R, Parsonage W. Pregnancy Outcome in Women with Repaired Tetralogy of Fallot. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kimble R, Barker R, Watt K, Wallis B, Mckenzie K, Teerds S, Mckeever R, Griffin B. Inj Prev 2012; 18:A97.3-A97. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590d.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Wallis B, Watt K, Franklin R, Kimble R. Out of sight but not out of mind: rural drowning in Queensland. Inj Prev 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2012-040590h.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Kimble R, Wallis B, Nixon J, Watt K, Cass D, Gillen T, Griffin B. 10 year review of low speed vehicle run-overs in 0-15 year olds across Queensland. Inj Prev 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/ip.2010.029215.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Wallis B, Watt K, Franklin R, Nixon JA, Kimble R. Nonfatal drowning in children and young people in Queensland (Australia) 2002-2008. Inj Prev 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/ip.2010.029215.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Lamanna A, Fagermo N, Lust K, Kimble R, Parsonage W. 23 Months Experience of an Australian Multidisciplinary Obstetric Cardiology Clinic. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gotley LM, Blanch A, Kimble R, Frawley K, Acworth JP. Pyloric stenosis: A retrospective study of an Australian population. Emerg Med Australas 2009; 21:407-13. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-6723.2009.01218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
Hereditary pancreatitis is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis, usually starting in childhood. We present a family who was ascertained when an 11-year-old girl presented with an episode of acute pancreatitis. Her father and other family members had also had recurrent bouts of acute pancreatitis. Genetic testing revealed a pathogenic mutation in the cationic trypsinogen gene in the proband, her father and her paternal grandmother. As far as we are aware, this is the first Aboriginal kindred with mutation-proven hereditary pancreatitis. Hereditary pancreatitis is an important differential diagnosis to consider in a patient with recurrent episodes of acute pancreatitis with no obvious precipitating cause. This family is of Aboriginal descent and the implications of the family's background are also discussed when considering the aetiology of the condition. We emphasize the need to ascertain a full family history from patients with a history of repeated episodes of acute pancreatitis and also emphasize the need to avoid ethnic stereotypes when assessing patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M McGaughran
- Queensland Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Singh SJ, Fraser A, Leditschke JF, Spence K, Kimble R, Dalby-Payne J, Baskaranathan S, Barr P, Halliday R, Badawi N, Peat JK, Glasson M, Cass D. Gastroschisis: determinants of neonatal outcome. Pediatr Surg Int 2003; 19:260-5. [PMID: 12682747 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-002-0886-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/16/2002] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective study elicits information regarding the dependence of neonatal outcome in gastroschisis upon: (1) the mode of delivery, (2) place of birth, (3) time for birth to surgery, (4) method of closure, (5) time from operation to commencement of first enteral feeds. The neonatal intensive care database from five major tertiary centres was used to identify 181 neonates with gastroschisis from 1990 to 2000. There were 8 deaths. There were no significant differences in outcome for infants delivered vaginally (102) versus Caesarean section (79), those born near the tertiary centre (133) as compared to infants born away (48), ones operated within 7 hours (125) compared with those operated after 7 hours (56), with delayed closure (30) versus primary closure (151). Neonates fed within 10 days of operation (85) had significantly lower incidence of sepsis, duration of TPN and hospital stay when compared to those fed after 10 days (96). Early commencement of feeds decreases the incidence of sepsis, duration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and hospital stay. Place of delivery, mode of delivery, time to surgery and type of closure do not influence neonatal outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Singh
- Consultant Paediatric Surgeon, Department of Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK.
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32
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Abstract
Gynecologists frequently manage women with acute or chronic pain in the right iliac fossa. Appendicitis is one of the common conditions encountered in this setting. From the gynecologic perspective, issues regarding the role of laparoscopic appendectomy include radioimaging and laparoscopic diagnosis, operative technique, advantages and disadvantages, and laparoscopic appendectomy in pregnancy and in complicated appendicitis. Most studies are in favor of the procedure, and it seems reasonable to include it in training programs in gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kumar
- Royal Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland, 4029 Australia
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Singh SJ, Dickson R, Baskaranathan S, Peat J, Spence K, Kimble R, Cass D. Excision duodenoplasty: a new technique for congenital duodenal obstruction. Pediatr Surg Int 2002; 18:75-8. [PMID: 11793073 DOI: 10.1007/s003830200020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/26/2001] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Slow anastomotic function is a common problem in the management of congenital duodenal obstruction. We describe a simple technique of excision duodenoplasty (ED) that results in a fixed open anastomosis, which facilitates early commencement of feeds and discharge from hospital. A retrospective case-note review (1981-2000) was undertaken to compare the results of ED with side-to-side duodenoplasty (SSD) and diamond-shaped anastomosis (DD). The outcome measures were days to commencement of feeds, duration of total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and length of hospital stay. In ED a 1.0 to 1.5-cm elliptical segment of dilated duodenum is excised. A longitudinal incision is made in the smaller distal duodenum. A side-to-side one-layer anastomosis is performed. The wall of the proximal duodenal stump is thick, and excision of the ellipse keeps the anastomosis open by preventing apposition of the opposing walls. This facilitates good drainage across the anastomosis. The time to onset of feeding was longer after SSD (median 7 days) compared to ED (5 days) and DD (5 days). The total duration of TPN was also longer for SSD (9 days) in comparison to ED (7 days) and DD (7 days). Although the duration of hospital stay was more for SSD (18 days) than ED (13 days) and DD (16 days), this difference was not statistically significant. The ED technique thus gives an equally good result as DD and a better result than SSD. It is simple to perform and to teach.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Singh
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, University Hospital, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham NG72UH, UK
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34
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Abstract
Alteration of mental status secondary to medical illness may occasionally be incorrectly attributed to a psychiatric problem. The cases of 64 patients with unrecognized medical emergencies inappropriately admitted to psychiatric units from emergency departments were reviewed to determine the cause of the misdiagnoses. Medical diagnoses most often missed included severe intoxication with alcohol or other illicit substance (34.4%), drug or alcohol withdrawal or delirium tremens (12.5%), and prescription drug overdose (12.5%). In none of the cases (0%) was an appropriate mental status examination performed. Other common causes of misdiagnosis included inadequate physical examination (43.8%), failure to obtain indicated laboratory studies (34.4%), and failure to obtain available history (34.4%). A systematic approach is required for patients with altered mental status, including those with psychiatric presentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R R Reeves
- G.V. (Sonny) Montgomery VA Medical Center and the University of Mississippi School of Medicine, Jackson, USA
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35
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Abstract
Blunt abdominal trauma is the commonest cause of intra-abdominal injuries in children. The use of computerized axial tomography and non-operative management of haemoperitoneum are two significant developments in the last two decades in the management of blunt abdominal trauma in children. The concept of non-operative management was introduced in late 1979 and wherever possible remains the optimum treatment. Computerized tomography scan for paediatric abdominal trauma was first described in 1980 and remains the investigation of choice. There is no substitute, however, for a good history, astute physical examination, and strict adherence to the principles of primary and secondary survey, prompt resuscitation, vigilant monitoring and repeated evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Rance
- Department of Paediatric Surgery and Paediatric Urology, City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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36
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Blakelock R, Upadhyay V, Kimble R, Pease P, Kolbe A, Harding J. Is a normally functioning gastrointestinal tract necessary for normal growth in late gestation? Pediatr Surg Int 1998; 13:17-20. [PMID: 9391197 DOI: 10.1007/s003830050234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It is known that neonates with congenital abnormalities of the intestine tend to be growth-retarded. We wished to explore the hypothesis that normal fetal gut function is needed for normal growth in late gestation. If this is true, then different populations of babies with different congenital gut abnormalities would be expected to have similar impairments of growth and be small at birth. This growth retardation would be more marked in term than in preterm babies and would be independent of other congenital anomalies. To test these hypotheses, we examined 43 babies born with gastroschisis (GS) in Auckland, New Zealand; 69 babies born with GS in Birmingham, England; and 60 babies born with intestinal atresia (IA) in Auckland. For Auckland babies with GS, the mean weight standard deviation score (WSDS) (i.e., birth weight relative to the mean birth weight for gestation) for term babies was lower than that for preterm babies (-0.932+/-0.180 vs -0.064+/-0.237, P=0.014). This was also true for Birmingham babies with GS (-0.991+/-0.193 vs -0.36 +/-0.153, P=0.028). For babies with IA, the mean WSDS for term babies was lower than that for preterm babies (-0.627+/-0.266 vs 0. 057+/-0.211, P=0.034). There was no significant difference between the mean WSDS of babies with and without major congenital abnormalities (-0.402+/-0.201 vs -0.271, P=0.70). Our results demonstrate that term babies born with GS are significantly growth-retarded compared with premature babies born with GS. Term babies born with a proximal IA are also growth-retarded. This strongly suggests that in late gestation, the normal growth is dependent on a normally functioning gastrointestinal tract that allows exposure of the proximal intestinal mucosa to ingested amniotic fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Blakelock
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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37
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Abstract
Two juvenile granulosa cell tumors in the testes of two newborns are described. The lesion, though rare, should be considered whenever a cystic testicular mass is encountered in newborns or young infants. Orchidectomy is the only treatment required because local recurrence or metastases have never been observed. Karyotyping of the patient is essential when the external genitalia are abnormal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Chan
- Histopathology Laboratory, Auckland Children's Hospital, New Zealand
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38
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Abbasi-Jahromi SH, Matayoshi A, Kimble R, Dimarogonas A, Pacifici R. Bone quality factor analysis: a new noninvasive technique for the measurement of bone density and bone strength. J Bone Miner Res 1996; 11:594-9. [PMID: 9157774 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.5650110507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of bone mineral density (BMD) as a predictor of fracture risk is limited by the fact that this index does not take into account the geometrical and material characteristics of bone. In contrast, both BMD and bone architecture influence the quality factor (QF), the fraction of the inverse of the energy lost in one cycle of deformation. In this study we have compared the sensitivity of a QF analyzer and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in detecting the changes induced by ovariectomy (OVX) on the QF, impact strength, and BMD of the femur of mature rats. QF and BMD were measured noninvasively before and 4 weeks after OVX or sham operation using a QF analyzer developed in our laboratory and a Hologic QDR 2000 bone densitometry, respectively. Impact strength was measured in excised femurs at the end of the study. The in vivo short-term precision (coefficient of variation) of the QF analyzer was 1.9%. BMD and QF measurements were highly correlated (r = 0.80,p <0.0001). At baseline, QF and BMD were similar in OVX and sham-operated rats. At 4 weeks, BMD was 14.7 + or - 0.9% lower than at baseline (p < 0.001) in OVX rats and 5.3 + or - 1.3% lower in sham-operated rats (p <0.05). QF decreased 36.0 + or - 2.8% (p <0.0001) in OVX and 10.6 + or - 3.6% in sham rats (p <0.01). As a result, at 4 weeks the difference between sham-operated and OVX rats was larger (p < 0.05) by QF than by BMD. Moreover, QF correlated better than BMD with impact strength and the difference in impact strength between sham and OVX mice was closer to that in QF than that in BMD. These data demonstrate that QF analysis is a precise technique that is more sensitive than DXA in detecting the changes in bone density and strength induced by OVX. QF analysis may represent a new, simple, and economic technique for predicting fracture risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Abbasi-Jahromi
- Biomedical Engineering Center, Washington University Medical School, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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39
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Pacifici R, Roman J, Kimble R, Civitelli R, Brownfield CM, Bizzarri C. Ligand binding to monocyte alpha 5 beta 1 integrin activates the alpha 2 beta 1 receptor via the alpha 5 subunit cytoplasmic domain and protein kinase C. J Immunol 1994; 153:2222-33. [PMID: 7519645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of the functional status of integrin receptors plays a critical role in inflammation and tissue remodeling, as it affects cell adherence and cytokine secretion. We have previously shown that in monocytes the binding of collagen to the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin induces the release of IL-1, an event that is potentiated by binding of fibronectin (Fn) to the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin. In this study, we have investigated the mechanisms leading to this phenomenon. Fn binding to alpha 5 beta 1 induced intracellular signals which increased the alpha 2 beta 1-dependent adhesiveness of monocytes to collagen without modifications of alpha 2 beta 1 expression. By using Abs against the intracellular region of the alpha 5 subunit of the alpha 5 beta 1 receptor, and specific inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), we found that the potentiation effect of Fn on monocyte IL-1 production and their adherence to collagen was dependent on an intact alpha 5 subunit cytoplasmic domain, and required PKC activation. Although the alpha 2 beta 1 could be activated by several intracellular second messengers, including protein kinase A and intracellular calcium, the potentiating effect of Fn was mediated only by PKC. These data provide an example of a novel regulatory mechanism: potentiation of beta 1 integrin-mediated events as a result of ligand binding to another integrin of the same class. They also show that the intracellular region of alpha 5 beta 1 plays a critical role in transducing signals generated by ligand binding to alpha 5 beta 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology and Bone Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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40
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Pacifici R, Roman J, Kimble R, Civitelli R, Brownfield CM, Bizzarri C. Ligand binding to monocyte alpha 5 beta 1 integrin activates the alpha 2 beta 1 receptor via the alpha 5 subunit cytoplasmic domain and protein kinase C. The Journal of Immunology 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.153.5.2222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Regulation of the functional status of integrin receptors plays a critical role in inflammation and tissue remodeling, as it affects cell adherence and cytokine secretion. We have previously shown that in monocytes the binding of collagen to the alpha 2 beta 1 integrin induces the release of IL-1, an event that is potentiated by binding of fibronectin (Fn) to the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin. In this study, we have investigated the mechanisms leading to this phenomenon. Fn binding to alpha 5 beta 1 induced intracellular signals which increased the alpha 2 beta 1-dependent adhesiveness of monocytes to collagen without modifications of alpha 2 beta 1 expression. By using Abs against the intracellular region of the alpha 5 subunit of the alpha 5 beta 1 receptor, and specific inhibitors of protein kinase C (PKC), we found that the potentiation effect of Fn on monocyte IL-1 production and their adherence to collagen was dependent on an intact alpha 5 subunit cytoplasmic domain, and required PKC activation. Although the alpha 2 beta 1 could be activated by several intracellular second messengers, including protein kinase A and intracellular calcium, the potentiating effect of Fn was mediated only by PKC. These data provide an example of a novel regulatory mechanism: potentiation of beta 1 integrin-mediated events as a result of ligand binding to another integrin of the same class. They also show that the intracellular region of alpha 5 beta 1 plays a critical role in transducing signals generated by ligand binding to alpha 5 beta 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology and Bone Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - J Roman
- Division of Endocrinology and Bone Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - R Kimble
- Division of Endocrinology and Bone Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - R Civitelli
- Division of Endocrinology and Bone Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - C M Brownfield
- Division of Endocrinology and Bone Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - C Bizzarri
- Division of Endocrinology and Bone Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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41
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Abstract
Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is now an established method of measuring bone mineral density (BMD) in humans. We have applied the technique to measuring BMD in the rat. The short-term precision of the technique was assessed by calculating the BMD coefficient of variation at the rat spine (1.20%), total femur (0.52%), proximal femur (1.16%), midfemur (1.00%), distal femur (0.96%), and proximal tibia (2.2%). The long-term precision of femoral measurements in rat cadavers over a 4 week period was 0.72% for the total femur and 1.2% for the distal femur. The accuracy of the technique was assessed by comparing DEXA-measured bone mineral content (BMC) in vitro and in vivo with ashed BMC. Results indicated a highly significant positive correlation between in vitro DEXA measurements and ash BMC (r = 0.99) and between in vivo DEXA measurements and ash BMC (r = 0.89). The ability of the technique to detect bone loss was assessed at the femoral site by comparing the BMD of ovariectomized (OVX) and sham-operated rats at baseline and at a 1 month follow-up. There was no significant difference in BMD between the groups at baseline. However, at 1 month follow-up the OVX group showed a significant (p < 0.001) decline in BMD at the distal femur (-8.6%) and in the total femur (-4.8%) compared with sham-operated rats. A comparison of retired breeder female rats with age-matched nulliparous rats indicated that the BMD of retired breeder rats was significantly lower than that of virgin females at all femoral sites (p < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Griffin
- Division of Endocrinology and Bone Metabolism, Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, Washington University Medical Center, Missouri
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Jelinsky P, Martin C, Kimble R, Bowyer S, Steele G. Composite thin-foil bandpass filter for EUV astronomy: titanium-antimony-titanium. Appl Opt 1983; 22:1227-1231. [PMID: 18195945 DOI: 10.1364/ao.22.001227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Thin metallic foils of antimony and titanium have been investigated in an attempt to develop an EUV filter with a bandpass from 350 to 550 A. A composite filter has been developed composed of antimony sandwiched between two titanium foils. The transmissions of sample composite foils and of pure titanium foils from 130 to 1216 A are presented. The absorption coefficients of antimony and titanium and the effect of titanium oxide on the transmission are derived. The composite filter has been found to be quite stable and mechanically rugged. Among other uses, the filter shows substantial promise for EUV astronomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Jelinsky
- University of California, Space Sciences Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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43
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Bowyer S, Kimble R, Paresce F, Lampton M, Penegor G. Continuous-readout extreme-ultraviolet airglow spectrometer. Appl Opt 1981; 20:477-486. [PMID: 20309138 DOI: 10.1364/ao.20.000477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A satellite-borne extreme-ultraviolet airglow spectrometer is described covering the 275-1420-A range with 8-A resolution. The spectrometer is of near normal incidence Rowland circle design and employs a holographically ruled concave grating. The detector is a microchannel plate with resistive anode providing a continuous readout of any 650-A ground-commandable subset of the total bandpass. This simultaneous wide spectral coverage results in a factor of 80 increase in sensitivity over a fixed exit slit design of equivalent resolution.
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44
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Abstract
The authors compare the syndrome of hysteria, defined as or indicated by a specified response to a 55-item symptom checklist previously used by Guze and other researchers, with the definition of hysterical personality in the second edition of APA's Diagnostic and statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-II). When 20 control subjects and 10 hysterical personalities (DSM-II) were given the Perley-Guze test, the results showed a close correlation between positive scores on the symptom checklist and the DMS-II diagnosis. The authors comment briefly on the theoretical usefulness and practicality of the test and note some difficulties in administration.
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