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Sadozai H, Acharjee A, Kayani HZ, Gruber T, Gorczynski RM, Burke B. High hypoxia status in pancreatic cancer is associated with multiple hallmarks of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1360629. [PMID: 38510243 PMCID: PMC10951397 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1360629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the most common form of pancreatic cancer, is a particularly lethal disease that is often diagnosed late and is refractory to most forms of treatment. Tumour hypoxia is a key hallmark of PDAC and is purported to contribute to multiple facets of disease progression such as treatment resistance, increased invasiveness, metabolic reprogramming, and immunosuppression. Methods We used the Buffa gene signature as a hypoxia score to profile transcriptomics datasets from PDAC cases. We performed cell-type deconvolution and gene expression profiling approaches to compare the immunological phenotypes of cases with low and high hypoxia scores. We further supported our findings by qPCR analyses in PDAC cell lines cultured in hypoxic conditions. Results First, we demonstrated that this hypoxia score is associated with increased tumour grade and reduced survival suggesting that this score is correlated to disease progression. Subsequently, we compared the immune phenotypes of cases with high versus low hypoxia score expression (HypoxiaHI vs. HypoxiaLOW) to show that high hypoxia is associated with reduced levels of T cells, NK cells and dendritic cells (DC), including the crucial cDC1 subset. Concomitantly, immune-related gene expression profiling revealed that compared to HypoxiaLOW tumours, mRNA levels for multiple immunosuppressive molecules were notably elevated in HypoxiaHI cases. Using a Random Forest machine learning approach for variable selection, we identified LGALS3 (Galectin-3) as the top gene associated with high hypoxia status and confirmed its expression in hypoxic PDAC cell lines. Discussion In summary, we demonstrated novel associations between hypoxia and multiple immunosuppressive mediators in PDAC, highlighting avenues for improving PDAC immunotherapy by targeting these immune molecules in combination with hypoxia-targeted drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sadozai
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Animesh Acharjee
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Hateem Z. Kayani
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Gruber
- Independent Scholar, National Coalition of Independent Scholars, Visp, Switzerland
| | | | - Bernard Burke
- Centre for Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
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2
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Huo Q, Wang S, Hou Y, Gorczynski RM, Shen Y, Wang B, Ge H, Li T. Editorial: The relationship between diabetes and cancers and its underlying mechanisms, volume II. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 14:1357577. [PMID: 38292767 PMCID: PMC10826604 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1357577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Huo
- Clinical Research Center, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Nanjing, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Shuo Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shibo High-Tech Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Ying Hou
- Department of Otolaryngology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | | | - Yining Shen
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zibo First Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Hanyi Ge
- Department of Stomatology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Tao Li
- Clinical Research Center, Nanjing Jiangbei Hospital, Nanjing, China
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Sadozai H, Rojas-Luengas V, Farrokhi K, Moshkelgosha S, Guo Q, He W, Li A, Zhang J, Chua C, Ferri D, Mian M, Adeyi O, Seidman M, Gorczynski RM, Juvet S, Atkins H, Levy GA, Chruscinski A. Congenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation promotes survival of heart allografts in murine models of acute and chronic rejection. Clin Exp Immunol 2023; 213:138-154. [PMID: 37004176 PMCID: PMC10324556 DOI: 10.1093/cei/uxad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to induce tolerance would be a major advance in the field of solid organ transplantation. Here, we investigated whether autologous (congenic) hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) could promote tolerance to heart allografts in mice. In an acute rejection model, fully MHC-mismatched BALB/c hearts were heterotopically transplanted into C57BL/6 (CD45.2) mice. One week later, recipient mice were lethally irradiated and reconstituted with congenic B6 CD45.1 Lin-Sca1+ckit+ cells. Recipient mice received a 14-day course of rapamycin both to prevent rejection and to expand regulatory T cells (Tregs). Heart allografts in both untreated and rapamycin-treated recipients that did not undergo HSCT were rejected within 33 days (median survival time = 8 days for untreated recipients, median survival time = 32 days for rapamycin-treated recipients), whereas allografts in HSCT-treated recipients had a median survival time of 55 days (P < 0.001 vs. both untreated and rapamycin-treated recipients). Enhanced allograft survival following HSCT was associated with increased intragraft Foxp3+ Tregs, reduced intragraft B cells, and reduced serum donor-specific antibodies. In a chronic rejection model, Bm12 hearts were transplanted into C57BL/6 (CD45.2) mice, and congenic HSCT was performed two weeks following heart transplantation. HSCT led to enhanced survival of allografts (median survival time = 70 days vs. median survival time = 28 days in untreated recipients, P < 0.01). Increased allograft survival post-HSCT was associated with prevention of autoantibody development and absence of vasculopathy. These data support the concept that autologous HSCT can promote immune tolerance in the setting of allotransplantation. Further studies to optimize HSCT protocols should be performed before this procedure is adopted clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Sadozai
- Center for Sport, Exercise and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa Rojas-Luengas
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaveh Farrokhi
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sajad Moshkelgosha
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Qinli Guo
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wei He
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angela Li
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Conan Chua
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dario Ferri
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhtashim Mian
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oyedele Adeyi
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Seidman
- Laboratory Medicine Program, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reginald M Gorczynski
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephen Juvet
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Harold Atkins
- Division of Hematology, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gary A Levy
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrzej Chruscinski
- Ajmera Transplant Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Steele EJ, Gorczynski RM, Lindley RA, Chandra Wickramasinghe N. Natural Antibodies and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2-Specific Antibodies in Healthy Asymptomatic Individuals. Clin Infect Dis 2023; 76:1697. [PMID: 36623174 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciad004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Steele
- Melville Analytics Pty Ltd and Immunomics, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Reginald M Gorczynski
- Institute of Medical Science, Department of Immunology and Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Robyn A Lindley
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
- GMDxgen, Melbourne, Australia
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Gorczynski RM, Lindley RA, Steele EJ, Wickramasinghe NC. Nature of Acquired Immune Responses, Epitope Specificity and Resultant Protection from SARS-CoV-2. J Pers Med 2021; 11:1253. [PMID: 34945725 PMCID: PMC8708741 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary global response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has been to bring to the clinic as rapidly as possible a number of vaccines that are predicted to enhance immunity to this viral infection. While the rapidity with which these vaccines have been developed and tested (at least for short-term efficacy and safety) is commendable, it should be acknowledged that this has occurred despite the lack of research into, and understanding of, the immune elements important for natural host protection against the virus, making this endeavor a somewhat unique one in medical history. In contrast, as pointed out in the review below, there were already important past observations that suggested that respiratory infections at mucosal surfaces were susceptible to immune clearance by mechanisms not typical of infections caused by systemic (blood-borne) pathogens. Accordingly, it was likely to be important to understand the role for both innate and acquired immunity in response to viral infection, as well as the optimum acquired immune resistance mechanisms for viral clearance (B cell or antibody-mediated, versus T cell mediated). This information was needed both to guide vaccine development and to monitor its success. We have known that many pathogens enter into a quasi-symbiotic relationship with the host, with each undergoing sequential change in response to alterations the other makes to its presence. The subsequent evolution of viral variants which has caused such widespread concern over the last 3-6 months as host immunity develops was an entirely predictable response. What is still not known is whether there will be other unexpected side-effects of the deployment of novel vaccines in humans which have yet to be characterized, and, if so, how and if these can be avoided. We conclude by remarking that to ignore a substantial body of well-attested immunological research in favour of expediency is a poor way to proceed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald M. Gorczynski
- Institute of Medical Science, Department of Immunology and Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Robyn A. Lindley
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- GMDx Group Ltd., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Edward J. Steele
- C.Y.O’Connor ERADE Village Foundation, Piara Waters, Perth, WA 6207, Australia;
- Melville Analytics Pty Ltd., Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Nalin Chandra Wickramasinghe
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, Buckingham MK18 1EG, UK;
- Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara 81000, Sri Lanka
- National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy 20000, Sri Lanka
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Steele EJ, Gorczynski RM, Lindley RA, Liu Y, Temple R, Tokoro G, Wickramasinghe DT, Wickramasinghe NC. The efficient Lamarckian spread of life in the cosmos. Adv Genet 2020; 106:21-43. [PMID: 33081924 PMCID: PMC7340397 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this Chapter we discuss the various mechanisms that are available for the possible transfer of cosmic microbial living systems from one cosmic habitat to another. With the 100 or so habitable planets that are now known to exist in our galaxy alone transfers of cometary dust carrying life including fragments of icy planetoids/asteroids would be expected to occur on a routine basis. It is thus easy to view the galaxy as a single connected "biosphere" of which our planet Earth is a minor component. The Hoyle-Wickramasinghe Panspermia paradigm provides a cogent biological rationale for the actual widespread existence of Lamarckian modes of inheritance in terrestrial systems (which we review here). Thus the Panspermia paradigm provides the raison d'etre for Lamarckian Inheritance. Under a terrestrially confined neoDarwinian viewpoint such an association may have been thought spurious in the past. Our aim here is to outline the main evidence for rapid terrestrial-based Lamarckian-based evolutionary hypermutation processes dependent on reverse transcription-coupled mechanisms among others. Such rapid adaptation mechanisms would be consistent with the effective cosmic spread of living systems. For example, a viable, or cryo-preserved, living system traveling through space in a protective matrix will of necessity need to adapt rapidly and proliferate on landing in a new cosmic niche. Lamarckian mechanisms thus come to the fore and supersede the slow (blind and random) genetic processes expected under neoDarwinian Earth centred theories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Steele
- C.Y.O'Connor ERADE Village Foundation, Piara Waters, Perth, WA, Australia; Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka; Melville Analytics Pty Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | | | - Robyn A Lindley
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; GMDx Group Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Robert Temple
- The History of Chinese Science and Culture Foundation, Conway Hall, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gensuke Tokoro
- Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astroeconomics, Gifu, Japan
| | - Dayal T Wickramasinghe
- College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - N Chandra Wickramasinghe
- Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka; Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astroeconomics, Gifu, Japan; University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom; National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka.
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Gorczynski RM, Hoffmann G. Combined IMIG and immune Ig attenuates inflammatory colitis in mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 83:106464. [PMID: 32278130 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Using a combination of homologous and heterologous (mouse/human) polyclonal anti-idiotypic Igs and immune Igs in BALB/c mice we have previously reported attenuation of allergic type responses following OVA immunization. We have now investigated attenuation of an inflammatory colitis in C57BL/6 mice receiving dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in their drinking water, using additional treatment of DSS-exposed mice with combined human Igs, commercial IVIG (given IM, hence hereafter IMIG) as a source of pooled anti-idiotype Ig, and human anti-Tet as immune Ig. METHODS Acute or chronic colitis was induced by DSS in groups of C57BL/6 mice. Mice also received weekly immunotherapy with im injections of polyclonal immune Ig, polyclonal anti-idiotype Ig, or the combined Igs, for a total of 5 injections, beginning with DSS treatment or after 2 cycles of DSS. Weight loss and mortality were monitored daily, and the extent of colitis was determined further using colonic length measurement, and by ELISA measurement of inflammatory cytokines in supernatants from colonic explant cultures. RESULTS Mice developed colitis in both the acute and chronic models with loss of body weight, shortened colon lengths, and increased expression of inflammatory cytokines in colonic tissue. Loss of body weight, and inflammatory cytokine production, was attenuated only in chronic colitis, and only after combined IMIG and immune Ig treatment, and not in groups receiving only IMIG or immune Ig alone. CONCLUSION Heterologous combinations of polyclonal IMIG and immune Ig can attenuate inflammatory colitis in mice. Given the described efficacy of this treatment for allergic desensitization, we hypothesize this methodology may have widespread clinic utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Gorczynski
- Universityof Toronto, ON, Canada; Network Immunology, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - G Hoffmann
- Network Immunology, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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8
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Steele EJ, Gorczynski RM, Lindley RA, Tokoro G, Temple R, Wickramasinghe NC. Origin of new emergent Coronavirus and Candida fungal diseases-Terrestrial or cosmic? Adv Genet 2020; 106:75-100. [PMID: 33081928 PMCID: PMC7358766 DOI: 10.1016/bs.adgen.2020.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The origins and global spread of two recent, yet quite different, pandemic diseases is discussed and reviewed in depth: Candida auris, a eukaryotic fungal disease, and COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2), a positive strand RNA viral respiratory disease. Both these diseases display highly distinctive patterns of sudden emergence and global spread, which are not easy to understand by conventional epidemiological analysis based on simple infection-driven human- to-human spread of an infectious disease (assumed to jump suddenly and thus genetically, from an animal reservoir). Both these enigmatic diseases make sense however under a Panspermia in-fall model and the evidence consistent with such a model is critically reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J. Steele
- C.Y.O'Connor ERADE Village Foundation, Piara Waters, Perth, WA, Australia,Melville Analytics Pty Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka,Corresponding authors:
| | - Reginald M. Gorczynski
- University Toronto Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robyn A. Lindley
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,GMDx Group Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gensuke Tokoro
- Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astroeconomics, Gifu, Japan
| | - Robert Temple
- The History of Chinese Science and Culture Foundation, Conway Hall, London, United Kingdom
| | - N. Chandra Wickramasinghe
- Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka,Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astroeconomics, Gifu, Japan,University of Buckingham, Buckingham, United Kingdom,National Institute of Fundamental Studies, Kandy, Sri Lanka,Corresponding authors:
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Erin N, Dilmaç S, Curry A, Duymuş Ö, Tanriover G, Prodeus A, Gariepy J, Gorczynski RM. CD200 mimetic aptamer PEG-M49 markedly increases the therapeutic effects of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in a mouse model of metastatic breast carcinoma: an effect independent of CD200 receptor 1. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2019; 69:103-114. [PMID: 31811336 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-019-02444-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We previously reported that CD200 overexpression in the host decreases progression and metastasis of the highly aggressive metastatic 4THM breast carcinoma. We have explored a possible synergistic interaction between the CD200 mimetic PEG-M49 and pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Peg-Dox) in wild-type CD200 knockout (CD200-/-) and CD200 Receptor 1 knockout (CD200R1-/-) mice for the first time. A 4THM breast carcinoma model and three groups of BALB/c mice (wild type, CD200-/- and CD200R1-/-) were used. Five days after injection of tumor cells, mice were injected with Peg-Dox (ip, once a week) and PEG-M49 or a control aptamer (iv, every 3 days). Necropsies were performed either 12 (mid-point) or 24 (endpoint) days after injection and the extent of tumor growth, visceral metastasis and changes in the tumor-directed immune response were evaluated. PEG-M49 and Peg-Dox co-treatment induced complete tumor regression and loss of macroscopic lung metastasis in four out of seven WT mice. This synergistic anti-tumoral effect is thought to be due to Peg-M49-induced inhibition of Gr1 + CD11b + cells and Peg-Dox-induced increases in tumor-infiltrating CD8 + and CD8CD4 double-positive cells. Similar changes were observed in CD200R1-/- mice indicating that the primary effects of Peg-M49 are mediated by non-CD200R1 receptors. We also demonstrated for the first time that tumor growth, metastasis, and tumor infiltrating GR1 + CD11b + cells were markedly increased in CD200R1-/- mice, indicating an anti-inflammatory and protective role of CD200. CD200 mimetics might be a safe and effective immunomodulatory treatment in conjunction with classical chemotherapeutics for therapy of aggressive metastatic breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuray Erin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Immunopharmacology and Immunooncology Research unit, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, B-Blok Kat 1 Immunoloji, 07070, Antalya, Turkey.
| | - Sayra Dilmaç
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Anna Curry
- University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Özlem Duymuş
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Immunopharmacology and Immunooncology Research unit, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, B-Blok Kat 1 Immunoloji, 07070, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gamze Tanriover
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Aaron Prodeus
- Sunnybrook Cancer Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jean Gariepy
- Sunnybrook Cancer Centre, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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Steele EJ, Gorczynski RM, Lindley RA, Liu Y, Temple R, Tokoro G, Wickramasinghe DT, Wickramasinghe NC. Lamarck and Panspermia - On the Efficient Spread of Living Systems Throughout the Cosmos. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2019; 149:10-32. [PMID: 31445944 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We review the main lines of evidence (molecular, cellular and whole organism) published since the 1970s demonstrating Lamarckian Inheritance in animals, plants and microorganisms viz. the transgenerational inheritance of environmentally-induced acquired characteristics. The studies in animals demonstrate the genetic permeability of the soma-germline Weismann Barrier. The widespread nature of environmentally-directed inheritance phenomena reviewed here contradicts a key pillar of neo-Darwinism which affirms the rigidity of the Weismann Barrier. These developments suggest that neo-Darwinian evolutionary theory is in need of significant revision. We argue that Lamarckian inheritance strategies involving environmentally-induced rapid directional genetic adaptations make biological sense in the context of cosmic Panspermia allowing the efficient spread of living systems and genetic innovation throughout the Universe. The Hoyle-Wickramasinghe Panspermia paradigm also developed since the 1970s, unlike strictly geocentric neo-Darwinism provides a cogent biological rationale for the actual widespread existence of Lamarckian modes of inheritance - it provides its raison d'être. Under a terrestrially confined neo-Darwinian viewpoint such an association may have been thought spurious in the past. Our aim is to outline the conceptual links between rapid Lamarckian-based evolutionary hypermutation processes dependent on reverse transcription-coupled mechanisms among others and the effective cosmic spread of living systems. For example, a viable, or cryo-preserved, living system travelling through space in a protective matrix will need of necessity to rapidly adapt and proliferate on landing in a new cosmic niche. Lamarckian mechanisms thus come to the fore and supersede the slow (blind and random) genetic processes expected under a traditional neo-Darwinian evolutionary paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Steele
- C.Y.O'Connor ERADE Village Foundation, Piara Waters, Perth, 6112, WA, Australia; Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka; Melville Analytics Pty Ltd, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.
| | | | - Robyn A Lindley
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry & Health Sciences, University of MelbourneVic, Australia; GMDx Group Ltd, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China
| | - Robert Temple
- The History of Chinese Science and Culture Foundation, Conway Hall, London, UK
| | - Gensuke Tokoro
- Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka; Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astrobiology, Gifu, Japan
| | - Dayal T Wickramasinghe
- Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka; College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - N Chandra Wickramasinghe
- Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka; Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astrobiology, Gifu, Japan; Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
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11
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Steele EJ, Al-Mufti S, Augustyn KA, Chandrajith R, Coghlan JP, Coulson SG, Ghosh S, Gillman M, Gorczynski RM, Klyce B, Louis G, Mahanama K, Oliver KR, Padron J, Qu J, Schuster JA, Smith WE, Snyder DP, Steele JA, Stewart BJ, Temple R, Tokoro G, Tout CA, Unzicker A, Wainwright M, Wallis J, Wallis DH, Wallis MK, Wetherall J, Wickramasinghe DT, Wickramasinghe JT, Wickramasinghe NC, Liu Y. Reply to commentary by R Duggleby (2019). Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2018; 141:74-78. [PMID: 30419256 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Steele
- CY O'Connor ERADE Village Foundation, Piara Waters, WA, Australia; Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka.
| | - Shirwan Al-Mufti
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
| | - Kenneth A Augustyn
- Center for the Physics of Living Organisms, Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Michigan, United States
| | | | - John P Coghlan
- University of Melbourne, Office of the Dean, Faculty Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, 3rd Level, Alan Gilbert Building, Australia
| | - S G Coulson
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
| | - Sudipto Ghosh
- Metallurgical & Materials Engineering IIT, Kanpur, India
| | - Mark Gillman
- South African Brain Research Institute, 6 Campbell Street, Waverly, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Reginald M Gorczynski
- University Toronto Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Brig Klyce
- Astrobiology Research Trust, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Godfrey Louis
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology Cochin, India
| | | | - Keith R Oliver
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Julio Padron
- Studio Eutropi, Clinical Pathology and Nutrition, Via Pompei 46, Ardea, 00040, Rome, Italy
| | - Jiangwen Qu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - John A Schuster
- Unit for History & Philosophy of Science and Sydney Centre for the Foundations of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - W E Smith
- Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astrobiology, Gifu, Japan
| | - Duane P Snyder
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
| | - Julian A Steele
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brent J Stewart
- CY O'Connor ERADE Village Foundation, Piara Waters, WA, Australia
| | - Robert Temple
- The History of Chinese Science and Culture Foundation, Conway Hall, London, UK
| | - Gensuke Tokoro
- Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astrobiology, Gifu, Japan
| | - Christopher A Tout
- Institute of Astronomy, The Observatories, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK
| | | | - Milton Wainwright
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - Jamie Wallis
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
| | - Daryl H Wallis
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
| | - Max K Wallis
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
| | - John Wetherall
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Perth, Curtin University, WA, Australia
| | - D T Wickramasinghe
- College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - N Chandra Wickramasinghe
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astrobiology, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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12
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Chen Z, Kapus A, Khatri I, Kos O, Zhu F, Gorczynski RM. Cell membrane-bound CD200 signals both via an extracellular domain and following nuclear translocation of a cytoplasmic fragment. Leuk Res 2018; 69:72-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Gorczynski RM, Alexander C, Brandenburg K, Chen Z, Heini A, Neumann D, Mach JP, Rietschel ET, Terskikh A, Ulmer AJ, Yu K, Zahringer U, Khatri I. Corrigendum to "An altered REDOX environment, assisted by over-expression of fetal hemoglobins, protects from inflammatory colitis and reduces inflammatory cytokine expression" [Int. Immunopharmacol. 50 (2017) 69-76]. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:414. [PMID: 29681495 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R M Gorczynski
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - C Alexander
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - K Brandenburg
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Z Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Heini
- Clinique La Prairie, Clarens, Montreux, Switzerland
| | - D Neumann
- Clinique La Prairie, Clarens, Montreux, Switzerland
| | - J P Mach
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - A Terskikh
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A J Ulmer
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Kai Yu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - U Zahringer
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - I Khatri
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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14
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Kos O, Alexander C, Brandenburg K, Chen Z, Heini A, Heumann D, Khatri I, Mach JP, Rietschel ET, Terskikh A, Ulmer AJ, Waelli T, Yu K, Zähringer U, Gorczynski RM. Corrigendum to "Regulation of fetal hemoglobin expression during hematopoietic stem cell development and its importance in bone metabolism and osteoporosis" [Int. Immunopharmacol. 57 (2018) 112-120]. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 59:413. [PMID: 29681496 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- O Kos
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C Alexander
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - K Brandenburg
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Z Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Heini
- Clinique La Prairie, Clarens-Montreux, Switzerland
| | - D Heumann
- Clinique La Prairie, Clarens-Montreux, Switzerland
| | - I Khatri
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J P Mach
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - A Terskikh
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A J Ulmer
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - T Waelli
- Clinique La Prairie, Clarens-Montreux, Switzerland
| | - K Yu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - U Zähringer
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - R M Gorczynski
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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15
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Steele EJ, Al-Mufti S, Augustyn KA, Chandrajith R, Coghlan JP, Coulson SG, Ghosh S, Gillman M, Gorczynski RM, Klyce B, Louis G, Mahanama K, Oliver KR, Padron J, Qu J, Schuster JA, Smith WE, Snyder DP, Steele JA, Stewart BJ, Temple R, Tokoro G, Tout CA, Unzicker A, Wainwright M, Wallis J, Wallis DH, Wallis MK, Wetherall J, Wickramasinghe DT, Wickramasinghe JT, Wickramasinghe NC, Liu Y. Reply to editorial and commentaries on Steele, Al-Mufti, Augustyn, Chandrajith, Coghlan, Coulson et al. (2018) "Cause of Cambrian explosion - Terrestrial or Cosmic?". Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2018; 136:27-28. [PMID: 29549026 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Steele
- CY O'Connor ERADE Village Foundation, Piara Waters, WA, Australia; Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka.
| | - Shirwan Al-Mufti
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
| | - Kenneth A Augustyn
- Center for the Physics of Living Organisms, Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Michigan, United States
| | | | - John P Coghlan
- University of Melbourne, Office of the Dean, Faculty Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, 3rd Level, Alan Gilbert Building, Australia
| | - S G Coulson
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
| | - Sudipto Ghosh
- Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur and Bhaktivedanta Institute, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering IIT, Kanpur, India
| | - Mark Gillman
- South African Brain Research Institute, 6 Campbell Street, Waverly, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Reginald M Gorczynski
- University Toronto Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Brig Klyce
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
| | - Godfrey Louis
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology Cochin, India
| | | | - Keith R Oliver
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Julio Padron
- Studio Eutropi, Clinical Pathology and Nutrition, Via Pompei 46, Ardea 00040, Rome, Italy
| | - Jiangwen Qu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - John A Schuster
- School of History and Philosophy of Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - W E Smith
- Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astrobiology, Gifu, Japan
| | - Duane P Snyder
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
| | - Julian A Steele
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brent J Stewart
- CY O'Connor ERADE Village Foundation, Piara Waters, WA, Australia
| | - Robert Temple
- The History of Chinese Culture Foundation, Conway Hall, London, UK
| | - Gensuke Tokoro
- Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astrobiology, Gifu, Japan
| | - Christopher A Tout
- Institute of Astronomy, The Observatories, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0HA, UK
| | | | - Milton Wainwright
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK; Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - Jamie Wallis
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
| | - Daryl H Wallis
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
| | - Max K Wallis
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
| | - John Wetherall
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Perth, Curtin University, WA, Australia
| | - D T Wickramasinghe
- College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - N Chandra Wickramasinghe
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK; Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka; Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astrobiology, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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16
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Steele EJ, Al-Mufti S, Augustyn KA, Chandrajith R, Coghlan JP, Coulson SG, Ghosh S, Gillman M, Gorczynski RM, Klyce B, Louis G, Mahanama K, Oliver KR, Padron J, Qu J, Schuster JA, Smith WE, Snyder DP, Steele JA, Stewart BJ, Temple R, Tokoro G, Tout CA, Unzicker A, Wainwright M, Wallis J, Wallis DH, Wallis MK, Wetherall J, Wickramasinghe DT, Wickramasinghe JT, Wickramasinghe NC, Liu Y. Cause of Cambrian Explosion - Terrestrial or Cosmic? Prog Biophys Mol Biol 2018; 136:3-23. [PMID: 29544820 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
We review the salient evidence consistent with or predicted by the Hoyle-Wickramasinghe (H-W) thesis of Cometary (Cosmic) Biology. Much of this physical and biological evidence is multifactorial. One particular focus are the recent studies which date the emergence of the complex retroviruses of vertebrate lines at or just before the Cambrian Explosion of ∼500 Ma. Such viruses are known to be plausibly associated with major evolutionary genomic processes. We believe this coincidence is not fortuitous but is consistent with a key prediction of H-W theory whereby major extinction-diversification evolutionary boundaries coincide with virus-bearing cometary-bolide bombardment events. A second focus is the remarkable evolution of intelligent complexity (Cephalopods) culminating in the emergence of the Octopus. A third focus concerns the micro-organism fossil evidence contained within meteorites as well as the detection in the upper atmosphere of apparent incoming life-bearing particles from space. In our view the totality of the multifactorial data and critical analyses assembled by Fred Hoyle, Chandra Wickramasinghe and their many colleagues since the 1960s leads to a very plausible conclusion - life may have been seeded here on Earth by life-bearing comets as soon as conditions on Earth allowed it to flourish (about or just before 4.1 Billion years ago); and living organisms such as space-resistant and space-hardy bacteria, viruses, more complex eukaryotic cells, fertilised ova and seeds have been continuously delivered ever since to Earth so being one important driver of further terrestrial evolution which has resulted in considerable genetic diversity and which has led to the emergence of mankind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Steele
- CY O'Connor ERADE Village Foundation, Piara Waters, WA, Australia; Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka.
| | - Shirwan Al-Mufti
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
| | - Kenneth A Augustyn
- Center for the Physics of Living Organisms, Department of Physics, Michigan Technological University, Michigan, United States
| | | | - John P Coghlan
- University of Melbourne, Office of the Dean, Faculty Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, 3rd Level, Alan Gilbert Building, Australia
| | - S G Coulson
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
| | - Sudipto Ghosh
- Metallurgical & Materials Engineering IIT, Kanpur, India
| | - Mark Gillman
- South African Brain Research Institute, 6 Campbell Street, Waverly, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Reginald M Gorczynski
- University Toronto Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Brig Klyce
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
| | - Godfrey Louis
- Department of Physics, Cochin University of Science and Technology Cochin, India
| | | | - Keith R Oliver
- School of Veterinary and Life Sciences Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Julio Padron
- Studio Eutropi, Clinical Pathology and Nutrition, Via Pompei 46, Ardea, 00040, Rome, Italy
| | - Jiangwen Qu
- Department of Infectious Disease Control, Tianjin Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - John A Schuster
- School of History and Philosophy of Science, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - W E Smith
- Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astrobiology, Gifu, Japan
| | - Duane P Snyder
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
| | - Julian A Steele
- Centre for Surface Chemistry and Catalysis, KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brent J Stewart
- CY O'Connor ERADE Village Foundation, Piara Waters, WA, Australia
| | - Robert Temple
- The History of Chinese Culture Foundation, Conway Hall, London, UK
| | - Gensuke Tokoro
- Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astrobiology, Gifu, Japan
| | - Christopher A Tout
- Institute of Astronomy, The Observatories, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK
| | | | - Milton Wainwright
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK; Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka
| | - Jamie Wallis
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
| | - Daryl H Wallis
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
| | - Max K Wallis
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK
| | - John Wetherall
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Perth, Curtin University, WA, Australia
| | - D T Wickramasinghe
- College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - N Chandra Wickramasinghe
- Buckingham Centre for Astrobiology, University of Buckingham, UK; Centre for Astrobiology, University of Ruhuna, Matara, Sri Lanka; Institute for the Study of Panspermia and Astrobiology, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Modern Biological Breeding, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China; Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
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Gorczynski RM, Erin N, Maqbool T, Gorczynski CP, Gorczynski LY. Characterization of an in vitro model system to explore control of tumor invasion of EMT6 and 4THM breast tumors by CD200:CD200R interactions. Breast Cancer 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12282-018-0851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Abstract
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia B cells (CLL) are malignant cells which retain at least some functions of normal B cells. Paramount amongst the latter is that when such cells are appropriately stimulated, they are able to present antigens, including any potential tumor antigens, making them excellent choices as a candidate tumor vaccine. We show that following stimulation of CLL cells with Phorbol myristic acetate, IL-2, the TLR7 agonist imiquimod (P2I) and ionomycin (P2Iio), markedly increased expression of CD54 and CD83 was seen, indicative of B cell activation and a transition to antigen-presenting cells. However, this occurred in the context of augmented expression of the known immunoregulatory molecule, CD200. Accordingly we explored the effect of stimulation of CLL cells with P2Iio, followed by coating of cells with a non-depleting anti-CD200mAb, on the ability of those cells to immunize PBL in vitro to become cytotoxic to CLL cells, or to protect NOD-SCIDγcnull (NSG) mice from subsequent CLL tumor challenge. Our data indicate that this protocol is effective in inducing CD8+ CTL able to lyse CLL cells in vitro, and decrease tumor burden in vivo in spleen and marrow of mice injected with CLL cells. Pre-treatment of mice with a CD8 depleting antibody before vaccination with P2Iio/anti-CD200 coated cells abolished any protection seen. These data suggest a potential role for blockade of CD200 expression on CLL cells as a component of a tumor vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada; University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Ismat Khatri
- University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - David Spaner
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Dept. of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Reginald M Gorczynski
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Canada; University Health Network, Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Canada.
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19
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Kos O, Alexander C, Brandenburg K, Chen Z, Heini A, Heumann D, Khatri I, Mach JP, Rietschel ET, Terskikh A, Ulmer AJ, Waelli T, Yu K, Zähringer U, Gorczynski RM. Regulation of fetal hemoglobin expression during hematopoietic stem cell development and its importance in bone metabolism and osteoporosis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 57:112-120. [PMID: 29477972 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have shown that an altered tissue redox environment in mice lacking either murine beta Hemoglobin major (HgbβmaKO) or minor (HgbβmiKO) regulates inflammation. The REDOX environment in marrow stem cell niches also control differentiation pathways. We investigated osteoclastogenesis (OC)/osteoblastogenesis (OB), in bone cultures derived from untreated or FSLE-treated WT, HgbβmaKO or HgbβmiKO mice. Marrow mesenchymal cells from 10d pre-cultures were incubated on an osteogenic matrix for 21d prior to analysis of inflammatory cytokine release into culture supernatants, and relative OC:OB using (TRAP:BSP, RANKL:OPG) mRNA expression ratios and TRAP or Von Kossa staining. Cells from WT and HgbβmaKO mice show decreased IL-1β,TNFα and IL-6 production and enhanced osteoblastogenesis with altered mRNA expression ratios and increased bone nodules (Von Kossa staining) in vitro after in vivo stimulation of mRNA expression of fetal Hgb genes (Hgbε and Hgbβmi) by a fetal liver extract (FSLE). Marrow from HgbβmiKO showed enhanced cytokine release and preferential enhanced osteoclastogenesis relative to similar cells from WT or HgbβmaKO mice, with no increased osteoblastogenesis after mouse treatment with FSLE. Pre-treatment of WT or HgbβmaKO, but not HgbβmiKO mice, with other molecules (rapamycin; hydroxyurea) which increase expression of fetal Hgb genes also augmented osteoblastogenesis and decreased cytokine production in cells differentiating in vitro. Infusion of rabbit anti- Hgbε or anti- Hgbβmi, but not anti-Hgbα or anti- Hgbβma into WT mice from day 13 gestation for 3 weeks led to attenuated osteoblastogenesis in cultured cells. We conclude that increased fetal hemoglobin expression, or use of agents which improve fetal hemoglobin expression, increases osteoblast bone differentiation in association with decreased inflammatory cytokine release.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kos
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - C Alexander
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - K Brandenburg
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Z Chen
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - A Heini
- Clinique La Prairie, Clarens-Montreux, Switzerland
| | - D Heumann
- Clinique La Prairie, Clarens-Montreux, Switzerland
| | - I Khatri
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J P Mach
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - A Terskikh
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - A J Ulmer
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - T Waelli
- Clinique La Prairie, Clarens-Montreux, Switzerland
| | - K Yu
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - U Zähringer
- Research Center Borstel, Leibniz-Center for Medicine and Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - R M Gorczynski
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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Gorczynski RM, Farrokhi K, Gorczynski C, Sadozai H, Zhu F, Khatri I. Importance of B cells to development of regulatory T cells and prolongation of tissue allograft survival in recipients receiving autologous bone marrow transplantation. Immunology 2018; 154:465-475. [PMID: 29338084 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that congenic bone marrow transplantation (BMTx) post myeloablation augmented tissue allograft survival in association with increased regulatory T (Treg) cells of both host and bone marrow donor origin. Regulatory B (Breg) cells can also modulate T-cell immunity and B cells may be implicated in the development of Treg cells. Accordingly, we explored the effect of B-cell depletion in vivo on augmented graft survival post BMTx. C57BL/6 mice received BALB/c skin allografts followed 7 days later by myeloablation using cyclophosphamide and busulphan. Mice then received T-cell-depleted bone marrow from CD45.1 congenic donors, and ongoing immunosuppression with rapamycin (to day 28 after BMTx). Control mice received cyclophosphamide and busulphan followed by rapamycin, but not congenic bone marrow. At different times post BMTx, mice received B-cell-depleting antibody treatment, and the effect on both skin graft survival, and induction of Treg cells was assessed. BMTx resulted in significantly prolonged skin graft survival versus control mice, in association with attenuated donor-specific alloreactivity relative to controls, increased splenic Treg cells and significantly diminished anti-donor IgG. In mice receiving infusion of B-depleting antibodies for 12 days from day 15 post BMTx, both graft survival and Treg cell activity were diminished, particularly for functional Treg cells of donor origin. Adoptive transfer of Breg cells from mice harvested at 15 days post BMTx prolonged survival in naive transplanted mice and increased Treg cell levels. Thus, autologous BMTx augmentation of graft survival is dependent in part upon a population of Breg cells that can modulate the function of donor-derived Treg cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald M Gorczynski
- Transplant Research Division, University Health Network and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kaveh Farrokhi
- Transplant Research Division, University Health Network and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher Gorczynski
- Transplant Research Division, University Health Network and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hassan Sadozai
- Transplant Research Division, University Health Network and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fang Zhu
- Transplant Research Division, University Health Network and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ismat Khatri
- Transplant Research Division, University Health Network and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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21
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Zhu F, McCaw L, Spaner DE, Gorczynski RM. Targeting the IL-17/IL-6 axis can alter growth of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in vivo/in vitro. Leuk Res 2018; 66:28-38. [PMID: 29353760 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical to the longevity of tumor B cells in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and the cytokines they produce including IL-6 are important components of the TME in CLL. We found BMMSCs supported the survival of CLL cells in vitro through an IL-6 dependent mechanism. IL-17 which induces IL-6 generation in a variety of cells increased production of IL-6 both in CLL cells and BMMSCs in vitro. In a xenograft CLL mouse model, BMMSCs and the culture supernatant of BMMSCs increased engraftment of CLL cells through an IL-6 mediated mechanism with human recombinant IL-6 showing similar effects in vivo. Human recombinant IL-17 treatment also increased CLL engraftment in mice through an IL-6 mediated mechanism. Plasma of CLL patients showed elevated levels of both IL-6 and IL-17 by ELISA compared with healthy controls, with levels of IL-6 linearly correlated with IL-17 levels. CLL patients requiring fludarabine based chemotherapy expressed higher levels of IL-6 and IL-17, while CLL patients with the lowest levels of IgA/IgM had higher levels of IL-6, but not IL-17. These data imply an important role for the IL-17/IL-6 axis in CLL which could be therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhu
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Transplant Research Division, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lindsay McCaw
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
| | - David E Spaner
- Biology Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada; Dept. of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; Dept. of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Reginald M Gorczynski
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Transplant Research Division, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada; Dept. of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
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22
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Abstract
In the ontogeny of a normal immune response, a series of checkpoints must be overcome to ensure that unwanted and/or harmful self-directed activation responses are avoided. Many of the molecules now known to be active in this overseeing of the evolving immune activation cascade, contributing inhibitory signals to dampen an overexuberant response, belong to the immunoglobulin supergene family. These include members of the CD28/CTLA-4:B7.1/B7.2 receptor/ligand family, PD-1 and PDL-1, CD200 and CD200R, and the more recently described V-domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T-cell activation and its ligand (VSIG-3/IGSF11). Unfortunately, from the point of view of improving immunotargeting of cancer cells, triggering these checkpoint inhibitory signaling pathways, so necessary to maintain self-tolerance, simultaneously acts to prevent effective tumor immunity. The recent development of reagents, predominantly antibodies, to act as checkpoint blockade agents, has had a dramatic effect on human cancer treatment, with a marked reported success for anti-CTLA-4 and PD-1 in particular in clinical trials. This review provides a general overview of the data now available showing the promise of such treatments to our cancer armamentarium and elaborates in depth on the potential promise of what can be regarded as an underappreciated target molecule for checkpoint blockade in chronic lymphocytic leukemia and solid tumors, CD200.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Surgical Research, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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23
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Gorczynski RM. Role for expression of CD200 in multiparameter flow cytometric differential diagnosis of mature B-cell neoplasms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.21037/jlpm.2017.07.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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24
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Gorczynski RM, Sadozai H, Zhu F, Khatri I. Effect of infusion of monoclonal antibodies to tumour necrosis factor-receptor super family 25 on graft rejection in allo-immune mice receiving autologous marrow transplantation. Immunology 2016; 150:418-431. [PMID: 27859243 DOI: 10.1111/imm.12693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant barriers to transplantation exist for individuals who are pre-sensitized to donor antigen and have high titres of donor-reactive antibody. We report the effect of autologous bone marrow transplantation (BMTx) after myeloablation in pre-sensitized mice along with the use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to tumour necrosis factor-receptor super family 25 (TNFRSF25), expressed on regulatory T (Treg) cells. C57BL/6 mice, which had been sensitized earlier with BALB/c skin allografts, received secondary BALB/c grafts after the primary grafts had been rejected. Subsequently, recipient mice underwent myeloablation with cyclophosphamide and busulphan and were injected with T-cell-depleted bone marrow from CD45.1 congenic donors (BMTx). Recipient mice underwent immunosuppressive treatment with rapamycin. A subgroup of mice was also treated with mAbs to TNFRSF25. Control mice were pre-sensitized mice that received cyclophosphamide and busulphan followed by rapamycin. BMTx-treated mice had significantly prolonged skin graft survival versus control mice. These mice also showed attenuated donor-specific mixed lymphocyte co-culture responses relative to controls, increased splenic Treg cells and markedly diminished serum anti-donor IgG. Infusion of anti-TNFRSF25 mAbs further augmented graft survival and increased graft-infiltrating Treg cells. These mAbs also expanded murine and human Treg cells in vitro with the capacity to attenuate mixed lymphocyte co-cultures using fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Overall, this study delineates the roles of autologous BMTx and anti-TNFRSF25 mAbs in expanding Treg cells and attenuating alloimmune responses in pre-sensitized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald M Gorczynski
- Transplant Research Division, University Health Network and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Immunology and Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hassan Sadozai
- Transplant Research Division, University Health Network and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Fang Zhu
- Transplant Research Division, University Health Network and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ismat Khatri
- Transplant Research Division, University Health Network and Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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25
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Bartczak A, Chruscinski A, Mendicino M, Liu H, Zhang J, He W, Amir AZ, Nguyen A, Khattar R, Sadozai H, Lobe CG, Adeyi O, Phillips MJ, Zhang L, Gorczynski RM, Grant D, Levy GA. Overexpression of Fibrinogen-Like Protein 2 Promotes Tolerance in a Fully Mismatched Murine Model of Heart Transplantation. Am J Transplant 2016; 16:1739-50. [PMID: 26718313 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Fibrinogen-like protein 2 (FGL2) is an immunomodulatory protein that is expressed by regulatory T cells (Tregs). The objective of this study was to determine if recombinant FGL2 (rFGL2) treatment or constitutive FGL2 overexpression could promote transplant tolerance in mice. Although rFGL2 treatment prevented rejection of fully mismatched cardiac allografts, all grafts were rejected after stopping treatment. Next, we generated FGL2 transgenic mice (fgl2(Tg) ) that ubiquitously overexpressed FGL2. These mice developed normally and had no evidence of the autoimmune glomerulonephritis seen in fgl2(-/-) mice. Immune characterization showed fgl2(Tg) T cells were hypoproliferative to stimulation with alloantigens or anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 stimulation, and fgl2(Tg) Tregs had increased immunosuppressive activity compared with fgl2(+/+) Tregs. To determine if FGL2 overexpression can promote tolerance, we transplanted fully mismatched cardiac allografts into fgl2(Tg) recipients. Fifty percent of cardiac grafts were accepted indefinitely in fgl2(Tg) recipients without any immunosuppression. Tolerant fgl2(Tg) grafts had increased numbers and proportions of Tregs and tolerant fgl2(Tg) mice had reduced proliferation to donor but not third party antigens. These data show that tolerance in fgl2(Tg) recipients involves changes in Treg and T cell activity that contribute to a higher intragraft Treg-to-T cell ratio and acceptance of fully mismatched allografts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bartczak
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Medial Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Chruscinski
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - H Liu
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of General Surgery and Organ Transplantation, First Hospital, China Medical University, Shen Yang, Liao Ning, China
| | - J Zhang
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - W He
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Z Amir
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,The GI, Hepatology and Nutrition Division, the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Nguyen
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Khattar
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - H Sadozai
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C G Lobe
- Cancer Research Division, Sunnybrook Health Science Centre and the Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - O Adeyi
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M J Phillips
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Zhang
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - R M Gorczynski
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Grant
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - G A Levy
- Multi-Organ Transplant Program, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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26
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Ulmer AJ, Kaconis Y, Heinbockel L, Correa W, Alexander C, Rietschel ET, Mach JP, Gorczynski RM, Heini A, Rössle M, Richter W, Gutsmann T, Brandenburg K. Enhancing actions of peptides derived from the γ-chain of fetal human hemoglobin on the immunostimulant activities of monophosphoryl lipid A. Innate Immun 2016; 22:168-80. [PMID: 26921253 DOI: 10.1177/1753425916632304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemoglobin and its structures have been described since the 1990s to enhance a variety of biological activities of endotoxins (LPS) in a dose-dependent manner. To investigate the interaction processes in more detail, the system was extended by studying the interactions of newly designed peptides from the γ-chain of human hemoglobin with the adjuvant monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a partial structure of lipid A lacking its 1-phosphate. It was found that some selected Hbg peptides, in particular two synthetic substructures designated Hbg32 and Hbg35, considerably increased the bioactivity of MPLA, which alone was only a weak activator of immune cells. These findings hold true for human mononuclar cells, monocytes and T lymphocytes. To understand the mechanisms of action in more detail, biophysical techniques were applied. These showed a peptide-induced change of the MPLA aggregate structure from multilamellar into a non-lamellar, probably inverted, cubic structure. Concomitantly, the peptides incorporated into the tightly packed MPLA aggregates into smaller units down to monomers. The fragmentation of the aggregates was an endothermic process, differing from a complex formation but rather typical for a catalytic reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artur J Ulmer
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany
| | - Yani Kaconis
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany
| | - Lena Heinbockel
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany
| | - Wilmar Correa
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany
| | - Christian Alexander
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany
| | | | - Jean-Pierre Mach
- Institute de Biochemie, University de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Manfred Rössle
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Hamburg outstation, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Walter Richter
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Elektronenmikroskopisches Zentrum, Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Gutsmann
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany
| | - Klaus Brandenburg
- Forschungszentrum Borstel, Leibniz-Zentrum für Medizin und Biowissenschaften, Borstel, Germany
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27
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Gorczynski RM, Erin N, Zhu F. Serum-derived exosomes from mice with highly metastatic breast cancer transfer increased metastatic capacity to a poorly metastatic tumor. Cancer Med 2016; 5:325-36. [PMID: 26725371 PMCID: PMC4735763 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered interaction between CD200 and CD200R represents an example of “checkpoint blockade” disrupting an effective, tumor‐directed, host response in murine breast cancer cells. In CD200R1KO mice, long‐term cure of EMT6 breast cancer, including metastatic spread to lung and liver, was achieved in BALB/c mice. The reverse was observed with 4THM tumors, an aggressive, inflammatory breast cancer, with increased tumor metastasis in CD200R1KO. We explored possible explanations for this difference. We measured the frequency of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood of tumor bearers, as well as lung/liver and draining lymph nodes. In some cases mice received infusions of exosomes from nontumor controls, or tumor bearers, with/without additional infusions of anticytokine antibodies. The measured frequency of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in peripheral blood was equivalent in the two models in WT and CD200R1KO mice. Increased metastasis in EMT6 tumor bearers was seen in vivo following adoptive transfer of serum, or serum‐derived exosomes, from 4THM tumor bearers, an effect which was attenuated by anti‐IL‐6, and anti‐IL‐17, but not anti‐TNFα, antibody. Anti‐IL‐6 also attenuated enhanced migration of EMT6 cells in vitro induced by 4THM serum or exosomes, or recombinant IL‐6. Exosome cytokine proteomic profiles responses in 4THM and EMT6 tumor‐bearing mice were regulated by CD200:CD200R interactions, with attenuation of both IL‐6 and IL‐17 in 4THM CD200tg mice, and enhanced levels in 4THM CD200R1KO mice. We suggest these cytokines act on the microenvironment at sites within the host, and/or directly on tumor cells themselves, to increase metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald M Gorczynski
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nuray Erin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Fang Zhu
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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28
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Zhu F, Spaner D, Li H, Gorczynski RM. The role of IL-17/IL-6 axis in the development of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.33.15_suppl.e22119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fang Zhu
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Spaner
- Sunnybrook Odette Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Haoran Li
- Tom Baker Cancer Center, Calgary, AB, Canada
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29
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Gorczynski RM, Chen Z, Erin N, Khatri I, Podnos A. Comparison of immunity in mice cured of primary/metastatic growth of EMT6 or 4THM breast cancer by chemotherapy or immunotherapy. PLoS One 2014; 9:e113597. [PMID: 25409195 PMCID: PMC4237434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0113597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We have compared cure from local/metastatic tumor growth in BALB/c mice receiving EMT6 or the poorly immunogenic, highly metastatic 4THM, breast cancer cells following manipulation of immunosuppressive CD200:CD200R interactions or conventional chemotherapy. METHODS We reported previously that EMT6 tumors are cured in CD200R1KO mice following surgical resection and immunization with irradiated EMT6 cells and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG), while wild-type (WT) animals developed pulmonary and liver metastases within 30 days of surgery. We report growth and metastasis of both EMT6 and a highly metastatic 4THM tumor in WT mice receiving iv infusions of Fab anti-CD200R1 along with CpG/tumor cell immunization. Metastasis was followed both macroscopically (lung/liver nodules) and microscopically by cloning tumor cells at limiting dilution in vitro from draining lymph nodes (DLN) harvested at surgery. We compared these results with local/metastatic tumor growth in mice receiving 4 courses of combination treatment with anti-VEGF and paclitaxel. RESULTS In WT mice receiving Fab anti-CD200R, no tumor cells are detectable following immunotherapy, and CD4+ cells produced increased TNFα/IL-2/IFNγ on stimulation with EMT6 in vitro. No long-term cure was seen following surgery/immunotherapy of 4THM, with both microscopic (tumors in DLN at limiting dilution) and macroscopic metastases present within 14 d of surgery. Chemotherapy attenuated growth/metastases in 4THM tumor-bearers and produced a decline in lung/liver metastases, with no detectable DLN metastases in EMT6 tumor-bearing mice-these latter mice nevertheless showed no significantly increased cytokine production after restimulation with EMT6 in vitro. EMT6 mice receiving immunotherapy were resistant to subsequent re-challenge with EMT6 tumor cells, but not those receiving curative chemotherapy. Anti-CD4 treatment caused tumor recurrence after immunotherapy, but produced no apparent effect in either EMT6 or 4THM tumor bearers after chemotherapy treatment. CONCLUSION Immunotherapy, but not chemotherapy, enhances CD4+ immunity and affords long-term control of breast cancer growth and resistance to new tumor foci.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/surgery
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- CD4 Antigens/immunology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/cytology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Female
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/therapeutic use
- Immunotherapy
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Liver Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Liver Neoplasms/secondary
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/surgery
- Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Knockout
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/prevention & control
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/immunology
- Orexin Receptors/deficiency
- Orexin Receptors/genetics
- Orexin Receptors/metabolism
- Paclitaxel/therapeutic use
- Spleen/cytology
- Spleen/transplantation
- Transplantation, Homologous
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald M. Gorczynski
- University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, and Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhiqi Chen
- University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nuray Erin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Akdeniz University, School of Medicine, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ismat Khatri
- University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Anna Podnos
- University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Canada
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30
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Erin N, Podnos A, Tanriover G, Duymuş Ö, Cote E, Khatri I, Gorczynski RM. Bidirectional effect of CD200 on breast cancer development and metastasis, with ultimate outcome determined by tumor aggressiveness and a cancer-induced inflammatory response. Oncogene 2014; 34:3860-70. [PMID: 25263452 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2014] [Revised: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CD200 acts through its receptor (CD200R) to inhibit excessive inflammation. The role of CD200-CD200R1 interaction in tumor immunity is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the role of CD200-CD200R1 interaction in the progression and metastasis of highly aggressive 4THM murine-breast carcinoma using CD200 transgenic (CD200(tg)) and CD200R1 knock-out (CD200R1(-)(/-)) BALB/c mice. 4THM cells induce extensive visceral metastasis and neutrophil infiltration in affected tissues. CD200 overexpression in the host was associated with decreased primary tumor growth and metastasis, whereas lack of CD200R1 expression by host cells was associated with enhanced visceral metastasis. Absence of CD200R1 expression led to decreased tumor-infiltrating-cytotoxic T cells and increased the release of inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6. In contrast, CD200 overexpression led to increased tumor-induced interferon-γ and IL-10 response and decreased TNF-α and IL-6 release. Neutrophil infiltration of tissues was markedly decreased in CD200(tg) animals and increased in CD200R1(-/-) mice. These findings are contradictory to what has been reported in the EMT6 mouse breast-cancer model. Other distinguishing features of tumor elicited by EMT6 and 4THM cell injections were also examined. Visceral tissues from mice bearing EMT6 tumors showed a lack of neutrophil infiltration and decreased IL-6 release in CD200R1(-/-) mice. EMT6 and 4THM cells also differed in vimentin expression and in vitro migration rate, which was markedly lower in EMT6 tumors. These results support the hypothesis that CD200 expression can alter immune responses, and can inhibit metastatic growth of tumor cells that induce systemic and local inflammatory response. Increasing CD200 activity/signaling might be an important therapeutic strategy for treatment of aggressive breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Erin
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya City, Antalya, Turkey
| | - A Podnos
- University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - G Tanriover
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ö Duymuş
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Antalya City, Antalya, Turkey
| | - E Cote
- University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - I Khatri
- University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R M Gorczynski
- University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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31
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Kos O, Hughson RL, Hart DA, Clément G, Frings-Meuthen P, Linnarsson D, Paloski WH, Rittweger J, Wuyts F, Zange J, Gorczynski RM. Elevated serum soluble CD200 and CD200R as surrogate markers of bone loss under bed rest conditions. Bone 2014; 60:33-40. [PMID: 24333170 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CD200 is a transmembrane protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin family of proteins and is ubiquitously expressed on a variety of cell types. Upon interaction with its receptors (CD200Rs) expressed on myeloid-derived cells and T lymphocytes, an immunoregulatory signal is delivered to receptor-expressing cells. Previous studies have implicated a role for CD200:CD200R in the regulation of the expression of mRNA markers of osteoclastogenesis/osteoblastogenesis, following interaction of CD200 (on osteoblast precursors) with CD200R1 (on osteoclast precursors). Signaling of CD200R1 is hypothesized to attenuate osteoclastogenesis. We have investigated whether levels of soluble forms of CD200 and/or CD200R1 (sCD200, sCD200R1) are altered in volunteers undergoing 6° head down tilt bed rest to mimic conditions of microgravity known to be associated with preferential osteoclastogenesis and whether countermeasures, reported to be beneficial in attenuation of bone loss under microgravity conditions, would lead to altered sCD200 and sCD200R1 levels. Our data suggest that, as predicted, sCD200 levels fall under bed rest conditions while sCD200R1 levels rise. In subjects undergoing 30-minute per day continuous centrifugation protocols, as a countermeasure to attenuate changes which may lead to bone loss, these alterations in sCD200 and sCD200R1 levels seen under conditions of bed rest were abolished or attenuated. Our results suggest that measurement of sCD200 and/or sCD200R1 may prove a useful and rapid means of monitoring subjects at risk of bone loss and/or accessing the efficacy of treatment regimes designed to counter bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kos
- Transplant Research Division, Toronto Hospital and University Health Network, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada.
| | - R L Hughson
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo, Research Institute for Aging, Faculty of Applied Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L3G1, Canada.
| | - D A Hart
- McCaig Institute for Bone & Joint Health, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N4N1, Canada.
| | - G Clément
- International Space University, 1 rue Jean-Dominique Cassini, Illkirch-Graffenstaden F-67400, France.
| | - P Frings-Meuthen
- Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, Cologne D-51147, Germany.
| | - D Linnarsson
- Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm SE-100 44, Sweden.
| | - W H Paloski
- University of Houston, 3855 Holman St., Rm 104, Garrison Houston, TX 77204-6015, USA.
| | - J Rittweger
- Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, Cologne D-51147, Germany; Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK.
| | - F Wuyts
- Antwerp University Research Centre for Equilibrium and Aerospace, Middelheimcampus G.U.336, Groenenborgerlaan 171, Antwerpen B-2020, Belgium.
| | - J Zange
- Institute for Aerospace Medicine, German Aerospace Center (DLR), Linder Höhe, Cologne D-51147, Germany.
| | - R M Gorczynski
- Transplant Research Division, Toronto Hospital and University Health Network, 101 College St., Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada.
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32
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Yalcin AD, Gorczynski RM, Cilli A, Strauss L. Omalizumab (anti-IgE) therapy increases blood glucose levels in severe persistent allergic asthma patients with diabetes mellitus: 18 month follow-up. Clin Lab 2014; 60:1561-4. [PMID: 25291953 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2013.130302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Therapeutic anti-IgE antibodies (Xolair, omalizumab) able to reduce free IgE levels and to block the binding of IgE to Fcepsilon RI without cross-linking IgE and triggering degranulation of IgE-sensitised cells have been developed. METHODS We had two male patients of severe persistent allergic asthma with type-2 diabetes mellitus at the ages of 57 and 52 and who had suffered a side-effect of increased blood glucose level that caused a need for an extra insulin injection to control the hyperglycemia. Their asthma was not under control, frequent emergency department admissions lead us to use omalizumab treatment. Assessment of clinical changes and adverse effects were evaluated at each bimonthly patient visit including vital signs, full physical examination, details of any allergy incidents, total and specific IgE levels, serum ECP (eosinophilic cationic peptid) levels, pulmonary function test, exhaled nitric oxide concentrations, and asthma control test. RESULTS Both patients were on week 42 - 45 of omalizumab treatment with a the dosage of 375 and 300 mg when they had the adverse reaction we reported here; they also had no other complaints. Blood levels of ECP and high sensitive CRP (hs-CRP) were decreased after starting the treatment of anti-IgE. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first time an association between omalizumab use and hyperglycemia has been documented. Every vial of Xolair (150 mg) contains 145.5 mg sucrose and it might increase the blood levels of glucose in diabetics. As a conclusion the prescribing information might have been revised based on post marketing surveillance data and reported such cases indicating that different side effects may occur beyond 2 hours of the injection.
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Yalcin AD, Basaran S, Bisgin A, Polat HH, Gorczynski RM. Pollen aero allergens and the climate in Mediterranean region and allergen sensitivity in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma patients. Med Sci Monit 2013; 19:102-10. [PMID: 23396359 PMCID: PMC3629014 DOI: 10.12659/msm.883762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the profiles of allergic rhino-conjunctivitis and asthma patients annually in Antalya, a Mediterranean coastal city in Turkey. MATERIAL AND METHODS We evaluated patients' allergic clinical status, and recorded the climate and pollens in the city center air, investigating any correlation between pollination, climatic conditions and allergic disorders. The meteorological conditions and the pollen count/cm2 during every month of the year and the concordance of this with the patient's clinical status were evaluated. RESULTS SPT positivity for plantago lanceolata, aspergillus fumigatus and d. pteronyssinus was significant in patients younger than 40 years old. Pollination levels are consistent from March 2010 to February 2011. In Antalya, high levels occur mostly from April to June, thus we performed skin prick tests mostly in May/June (~30%). During these months meteorological conditions of the city were windy with low humidity, without rain, and lukewarm temperatures, all of which contribute to high-risk conditions for seasonal allergies. CONCLUSIONS The major allergen between April and June was derived from Graminea; between February and March was Cupressus spp; and between March and June was Pinus spp. These results suggest that the pollination is correlated with allergic conditions and thus SPT might be best performed according to the pollen count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Didem Yalcin
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
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Yalcin AD, Bisgin A, Gorczynski RM. Health outcomes, education, healthcare delivery and quality – 3052. IL-17, IL-18, TGF-beta and GMCSF levels in patients with allergic asthma: Its relation to omalizumab treatment. World Allergy Organ J 2013. [PMCID: PMC3643731 DOI: 10.1186/1939-4551-6-s1-p221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Yalcin AD, Karakas AA, Soykam G, Gorczynski RM, Sezer C, Bisgin A, Strauss LG. A case of toxic epidermal necrolysis with diverse etiologies: successful treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and pulse prednisolone and effects on sTRAIL and sCD200 levels. Clin Lab 2013; 59:681-5. [PMID: 23865370 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2012.120814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Here, we report the first case of patient with intracranial tumors (ICT) who developed a cutaneous adverse drug reaction during lansoprazole and prophylactic anticonvulsant treatment. SCORTEN is a scoring system used to predict mortality in TEN patients. If SCORTEN index is 5 or more, mortality rate is more than 90%. SCORTEN of our patient was calculated as 5. METHODS Our patient is a 64 year-old white female, who had glioma and had been on post-op prophylactic anticonvulsant therapy. On the 3rd day post operation, lansoprazole was added to the therapy. After the first lansoprazole dose, erythematous dusky red macules occurred on extremities and trunk and on the following day confluent purpuric lesions tended to run together in 95% of the whole body including scalp, oral and genital mucosa. Nikolsky's Sign was positive on the skin. Physical examination; body temperature was 38.4 degrees C with a heart rate of 146 beats/minute and 80/50 mm Hg arterial blood pressure, Glascow Coma Scale was E1 M1e, pupillary light reflex was 2/2 +/+ and she was confused. Her biopsy resulted as toxic epidermal necrolysis. Moreover, sTRAIL and sCD200 levels of serum and blister fluid were investigated as an apoptotic marker and a negative marker for inflammation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS sTRAIL and sCD200 were evaluated both in the sera and blister fluid. sTRAIL level was lower than for healthy individuals with high levels in blister fluid; and sCD200 level was depressed by up to 10% of the normal values of healthy individuals but with high levels in the blister fluid during the active phase of the disease. After our successful treatment with human albumin, prednisolone pulse therapy, and IVIG at a dose of 400 mg/kg, she was discharged from the hospital on the 23rd day and followed up after 2 months. The increase in sTRAIL (up to two-fold) and sCD200 (up to six-fold) levels may provide useful information in understanding disease pathogenesis and monitoring treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Didem Yalcin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
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Yalcin AD, Bisgin A, Cetinkaya R, Gorczynski RM. Environmental and occupational respiratory diseases – 1039. Clinical course and side effects of anti-IgE monoclonal antibody in patients with severe persistent asthma. World Allergy Organ J 2013. [PMCID: PMC3643781 DOI: 10.1186/1939-4551-6-s1-p38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Yalcin AD, Bisgin A, Cetinkaya R, Yildirim M, Gorczynski RM. Clinical course and side effects of anti-IgE monoclonal antibody in patients with severe persistent asthma. Clin Lab 2013; 59:71-7. [PMID: 23505909 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2012.120406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omalizumab, a recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody to IgE, is recommended as a new option for the treatment of severe persistent allergic asthma. The purpose of this study is to assess the effects omalizumab treatment on life quality and its side effects in severe persistent asthma patients. METHODS In this study, we evaluated 19 severe persistent asthma patients who received therapy with omalizumab for 8 months. Omalizumab was administered every 2 weeks at doses between 150 to 375 mg. Symptoms and severity of allergic reactions were recorded before and after being on omalizumab. IgE levels, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet levels, pulmonary function test, and asthma control test were evaluated in all patients before and 8 months after the treatment. Local and systemic side effects of omalizumab were evaluated. Stool parasites were examined in the 4th and 8th month after initiation of treatment to investigate any parasitosis. RESULTS The patients had severe persistent asthma for periods ranging from 3 to 8 years, and they were diagnosed with allergic asthma for 7 - 28 years. Thrombocytopenia developed in a male patient after the 22nd dose of the drug was given. When the platelet count fell down to 55000, the omalizumab treatment was suspended. During the therapy period, one patient had parasitosis (giardiasis), one patient had severe side effects, one patient had dyspnea two hours after the injection, and one patient had a dyspnea attack 2 hours after the injection. The changes in MPV levels were not statistically significant. There was also a significant decrease in IgE levels after the treatment. CONCLUSIONS Monitoring of complete blood cell count is very important when using this drug. Though we did not see anaphylaxis in any patients, we believe that the patients should be monitored at least for 3 hours after the omalizumab injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Didem Yalcin
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
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Abstract
The type 1 membrane glycoprotein CD200, widely expressed on multiple cells/tissues, uses a structurally similar receptor (CD200R1), whose expression is more restricted to cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages, to transmit signals affecting responses in multiple physiological systems. Thus CD200 expression is reported to exert effects on cancer growth, autoimmune and allergic disorders, infection, transplantation, bone development and homeostasis, and reproductive biology. It was initially thought, based on the idea that CD200R1 was mostly expressed on cells of myeloid origin, that CD200:CD200R1 interactions were primarily dedicated to controlling myeloid cell function. However additional members of the CD200R family have now also been identified, although their function(s) remain unclear, and CD200R1 itself is now known to be expressed by subsets of T cells and other cells. Together these observations add layers of complexity to our understanding of CD200-related regulation. In common with a number of physiological systems, the mechanism(s) of CD200-induced signaling seem to fit within a similar framework of opposing actions of kinases and phosphatases. This paper highlights the advances in our knowledge of immunoregulation achieved following CD200:CD200R interaction and the potential clinical applicability of that information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald M. Gorczynski
- Departments of Surgery and Immunology, University Health Network and The Toronto Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1L7
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Yalcin AD, Gumuslu S, Parlak GE, Bisgin A, Yildiz M, Kargi A, Gorczynski RM. Systemic levels of ceruloplasmin oxidase activity in allergic asthma and allergic rhinitis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2012; 34:1047-53. [PMID: 22737977 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2012.697902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT The role of ceruloplasmin oxidase activity (COA) involving the interaction of oxidant and antioxidant balance in allergic diseases is still unknown. OBJECTIVE Our study was designed to examine the changes in COAs in severe persistent asthma-allergic rhinitis, new diagnosed allergic asthma-allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinitis patients. METHODS The study included 20 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals as control (Group I); Group II included 15 newly diagnosed allergic asthma-allergic rhinitis; Group III included 15 patients with severe persistent asthma-allergic rhinitis and in the fourth group there were 20 patients with allergic rhinitis. Group III was divided in two groups, severe persistent asthma-allergic rhinitis who were pre-(III-A) and post-treated (III-B) with omalizumab. Group IV was divided to two groups, pretreatment (IV-A) and posttreatment (IV-B) with specific subcutaneous immunotherapy modalities. All the posttreatment measurements were 12 months after the therapy. All the patients were assessed by the skin prick test, high sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and COA. RESULTS There were significant differences between Group I and Groups III-A, III-B, IV-A and IV-B; Group II and Groups III-A, III-B, IV-A and IV-B; Group III-A and Groups III-B, IV-A and IV-B; Group III-A and Groups IV-A and IV-B; and Group IV-A and IV-B. Interestingly, there was a correlation between the hs-CRP and COA levels in Group III-A. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that hs-CRP and COA levels might be an indicator of an inflammation and important in revelation of patients with allergy related diseases, especially of asthma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Didem Yalcin
- Internal Medicine, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
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Podnos A, Clark DA, Erin N, Yu K, Gorczynski RM. Further evidence for a role of tumor CD200 expression in breast cancer metastasis: decreased metastasis in CD200R1KO mice or using CD200-silenced EMT6. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012; 136:117-27. [PMID: 23053647 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-012-2258-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies reported that CD200 expression on cells of the transplantable EMT6 mouse breast cancer line was increased during growth in immunocompetent mice. Low levels of expression persisted in NOD-SCID.IL-2(γr-/-) mice or mice with generalized over-expression of a CD200 transgene (CD200(tg) mice), despite the faster tumor growth in both of these latter strains. We also showed that CD200 expression (by the host and/or tumor cells) led to increased seeding of tumor cells to DLN in immunocompromised (CD200(tg) or NOD-SCID.IL-2(γr-/-)) vs immunocompetent mice, using limiting dilution cloning of tumor cells from DLN (vs contralateral lymph nodes, CLN). Evidence for an important role for CD200 expression in this increased metastasis came from the observation that neutralization of CD200 by anti-CD200mAbs decreased tumor metastasis and increased levels of cytotoxic anti-tumor immune cells in DLN. In the current studies, we have extended these observations by exploring tumor growth/metastasis in CD200R1 KO mice in which we have previously shown, in a transplant model, that expression of CD200 fails to deliver an immunosuppressive signal. In addition, we have studied local and metastatic growth in healthy control mice of EMT6 tumor cells stably transduced with shRNA able to silence CD200 expression. In both scenarios, decreased metastasis was observed, with increased immunity to EMT6 detected by cytotoxicity assays. In addition, adoptive transfer of DLN to control mice attenuated EMT6 metastases implying a potential therapeutic benefit from neutralizing CD200 expression in breast cancer.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/immunology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Interleukin-2/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/immunology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Neoplasm Metastasis/immunology
- Neoplasm Metastasis/pathology
- Neoplasm Metastasis/therapy
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Podnos
- University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Bisgin A, Yalcin AD, Gorczynski RM. Circulating soluble tumor necrosis factor related apoptosis inducing-ligand (TRAIL) is decreased in type-2 newly diagnosed, non-drug using diabetic patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2012; 96:e84-6. [PMID: 22446096 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2012.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We examined the association between serum sTRAIL measured by ELISA and HbA1C levels, pre/post-prandial blood glucose levels and body mass index in 22 newly diagnosed type-2 diabetic patients. A significant difference in sTRAIL levels was found between study group and controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bisgin
- Department of Medical Genetics, Human Gene and Cell Therapy Center of Akdeniz University Hospital and Clinics, Antalya, Turkey.
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Yalcin AD, Bisgin A, Kargi A, Gorczynski RM. Serum-soluble TRAIL levels in patients with severe persistent allergic asthma: its relation to omalizumab treatment. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:PI11-5. [PMID: 22367138 PMCID: PMC3560751 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study we compare the Omalizumab treatment modality in the dynamics of cell apoptosis regulating molecules in both severe persistent asthma patients who had no other any allergic disease, newly diagnosed patients with allergic asthma, and healthy volunteers. MATERIAL/METHODS Severe persistent allergic asthma patients were subjected to measurement of serum soluble TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) levels during the active disease phase and the stable phase which occurred 4 months after Omalizumab treatment. Serum sTRAIL concentrations were measured by a solid phase sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Concentration levels were compared with those of age- and sex-matched newly diagnosed patients with allergic asthma, and healthy controls. All assays were carried out in duplicate. Total serum IgE levels, antinuclear antibody (ANA), rheumatoid factor (RF), hepatitis markers, C3, C4 and eosinophil levels were evaluated in all patients. RESULTS ANA, RF, hepatitis markers were negative in all patients. Complement 3 and 4 levels were normal in all patients. Prick tests in all patients were detected in mite and grass allergy. These results correlated with specific IgE. There were no differences between the healthy controls, newly diagnosed allergic asthma patients, and non-treated severe persistent allergic asthma patients during the active phase. Interestingly, the levels in variances of the patients who had the effective omalizumab treatment were significantly lower than the healthy controls, while the mean values were not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our study gives a different perspective on severe persistent allergic asthma and omalizumab treatment efficacy at the cell apoptosis-linked step by the serum sTRAIL levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Didem Yalcin
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Antalya Education and Training Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
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Yalcin AD, Gorczynski RM, Kahraman MS, Demirel MU, Terzioglu E. CD40, CD45 CTLA-4 levels are elevated in healthy older adults. Clin Lab 2012; 58:449-56. [PMID: 22783574 DOI: pmid/22783574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune system changes with age. In this study we characterized immune changes by performing immunologic screening profiles on ageing individuals. METHODS This study was performed at Akdeniz University, in the Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology. Healthy volunteers consisted of a younger group (22 donors) and an older group (45 individuals). All subjects had no serious health problems (i.e. chronic heart, lung, liver or immunological diseases) and were taking no prescribed medications. Flow cytometry analysis was used to evaluate CD3, CD4, CD8, CD16, CD19, CD28, CD40, CD45, CD56, CD80, CD86, CTLA-4 and ELISA for IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha expression In addition, NK activity and induced cytokine expression (by bioassay and ELISA, respectively) were evaluated. RESULTS No statistical differences were observed between the two groups in expression of CD3, CD8, CD19, CD80, CD86, CD16, CD 56, or CD28. A higher frequency of expression of CD4, CTLA-4, CD40, and CD45 was seen in older subjects by comparison with younger subjects. Cytokine profiles expressed by stimulated monocytes and lymphocytes from the two groups showed no difference in IL-1 beta, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma production levels. CONCLUSIONS We found increased expression levels of CD40 and CD45 levels in healthy older (age: 59.42 +/- 5.89) versus younger individuals (age: 30.32 +/- 2.29). CTLA-4 expression levels were also higher in older subjects, with no difference in CD28 expression levels between younger/older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Didem Yalcin
- Internal Medicine, Allergology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey
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Yalcin AD, Gorczynski RM, Parlak GE, Kargi A, Bisgin A, Sahin E, Kose S, Gumuslu S. Total antioxidant capacity, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and total nitric oxide concentrations in patients with severe persistent allergic asthma: its relation to omalizumab treatment. Clin Lab 2012; 58:89-96. [PMID: 22372350 DOI: pmid/22372350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease and omalizumab is indicated for moderate-to-severe persistent asthma. The results of many studies have shown that oxidative stress is involved in asthma pathogenesis. However, there is no data available to evaluate the alterations in total antioxidant capacity, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and total nitric oxide concentrations. OBJECTIVES The objective was to determine whether treatment with omalizumab in severe allergic asthma influences systemic levels of oxidative stress markers. METHODS The first group of 14 patients included 6 male and 8 female subjects with severe persistent asthma, having a mean age of 42.4 years. The second group included 14 newly diagnosed allergic asthma patients with a mean age of 43.8 years. All patients were followed in the Immunology and Allergy Clinic of the Antalya Education and Training Hospital and were evaluated by clinical status. A third group of 14 age-sex matched healthy controls were also included. Serum samples were collected and stored at -70 degrees C until use for the determination of total antioxidant capacity, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and total nitric oxide concentrations. Serum IgE levels, ANA (antinuclear antibody), RF (rheumatoid factor), hepatitis markers, C3, C4, and eosinophil levels were evaluated in all patients. All assays were carried out in duplicate. RESULTS The mean IgE levels were as follow: Group I: 459.785 IU/mL; Group II: 124.8 IU/mL, and Group III: 39.88 IU/mL. Total antioxidant capacity levels of Group IB, group II, and group III were lower than the IA group. Total antioxidant capacity levels of groups II and III were higher than in group IB. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations in group IB were lower than in group IA, while concentrations in group II were higher than in group IB. The malondialdehyde concentration of group IB was lower than in all other groups. The malondialdehyde concentration of group III was higher than all other groups. The malondialdehyde concentration of group II was lower than in group III. The total nitric oxide level of group IB was lower than all other groups. The total nitric oxide level of group III was higher than all other groups, while that of group II was higher than for both groups IA/IB. CONCLUSIONS To monitor the omalizumab treatment efficacy in severe allergic asthma patients, total antioxidant capacity, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and total nitric oxide concentrations might be new markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Didem Yalcin
- Allergology and Clinical Immunology Unit, Antalya Education and Research Hospital, Antalya, Turkey.
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Kargi A, Yalcin AD, Erin N, Savas B, Polat HH, Gorczynski RM. IL8 and serum soluble TRAIL levels following anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody treatment in patients with metastatic colon cancer. Clin Lab 2012; 58:501-5. [PMID: 22783581 DOI: pmid/22783581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most common human cancer and the third leading cause of cancer related death. BevacizumAb is a humanized monoclonal antibody developed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for the treatment of metastatic cancers. Our goal was to evaluate the possibility of using serum sTRAIL and IL8 as markers of treatment efficacy and prognosis in patients with metastatic colon cancer. METHODS The study was conducted in Denizli between November 10, 2009 and September 20, 2010. 25 patients (6 female, 19 male) with metastatic colon cancer whose mean age was 58.7 years, were selected and included in the study. All patients received therapy with BevacizumAb. All patients were followed in the Oncology Clinic of Denizli State Hospital and were evaluated by clinical status, sTRAIL and IL8 levels were measured by ELISA in the sera of 25 BevacizumAb treated metastatic colon cancer patients and 20 healthy age-gender matched controls. Measurements were taken before and after treatment. RESULTS The serum sTRAIL concentrations in patients before therapy were similar to those of healthy age-gender matched controls, namely 1.23 +/- 0.06 ng/mL and 1.21 +/- 0.04 ng/mL, respectively. After BevacizumAb treatment, sTRAIL ratios were increased significantly in 11 of 25 patients. 14 patients showed progressive disease with median overall survival of only 8.1 +/- 0.4 months. These 14 patients were the same ones who showed no increase in sTRAIL levels after BevacizumAb treatment. We explored evidence for a correlation between sTRAIL levels and overall survival rates and observed that elevated sTRAIL levels after the BevacizumAb treatment were significantly associated with increased median overall survival up to 22.6 months. Serum IL8 levels were decreased in all patients who received BevacizumAb therapy. CONCLUSIONS In BevacizumAb therapy, serum IL8 levels were decreased in all patients, and thus, changes in such levels were not correlated with disease outcome. Our data suggest measurement of changes in sTRAIL following BevacizumAb treatment may have prognostic value in metastatic colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Kargi
- Oncology Unit, Denizli Education and Research Hospital, Denizli, Turkey
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Kargi A, Yalcin AD, Erin N, Savas B, Polat HH, Gorczynski RM. Erratum to "IL8 and serum soluble TRAIL levels following anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody treatment in patients with metastatic colon cancer" [Clin. Lab. 2012; 58:501-505]. Clin Lab 2012; 58:1103-7. [PMID: 23163132 DOI: pmid/23163132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is the third most common human cancer and the third leading cause of cancer related death. BevacizumAb is a humanized monoclonal antibody developed against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) for the treatment of metastatic cancers. Our goal was to evaluate the possibility of using serum sTRAIL and IL8 as markers of treatment efficacy and prognosis in patients with metastatic colon cancer. METHODS The study was conducted in Denizli between November 10, 2009 and September 20, 2010. 25 patients (6 female, 19 male) with metastatic colon cancer whose mean age was 58.7 years, were selected and included in the study. All patients received therapy with BevacizumAb. All patients were followed in the Oncology Clinic of Denizli State Hospital and were evaluated by clinical status. sTRAIL and IL8 levels were measured by ELISA in the sera of 25 BevacizumAb treated metastatic colon cancer patients and 20 healthy age-gender matched controls. Measurements were taken before and after treatment. RESULTS The serum sTRAIL concentrations in patients before therapy were similar to those of healthy age-gender matched controls, namely 1.23 +/- 0.06 ng/mL and 1.21 +/- 0.04 ng/mL, respectively. After BevacizumAb treatment, sTRAIL ratios were increased significantly in 11 of 25 patients. 14 patients showed progressive disease with median overall survival of only 8.1 +/- 0.4 months. These 14 patients were the same ones who showed no increase in sTRAIL levels after BevacizumAb treatment. We explored evidence for a correlation between sTRAIL levels and overall survival rates and observed that elevated sTRAIL levels after the BevacizumAb treatment were significantly associated with increased median overall survival up to 22.6 months. Serum IL8 levels were decreased in all patients who received BevacizumAb therapy. CONCLUSIONS In BevacizumAb therapy, serum IL8 levels were decreased in all patients, and thus, changes in such levels were not correlated with disease outcome. Our data suggest measurement of changes in sTRAIL following BevacizumAb treatment may have prognostic value in metastatic colon cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Kargi
- Oncology Unit, Denizli Education and Research Hospital, Denizli, Turkey
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Yalcin AD, Bisgin A, Gorczynski RM. IL-8, IL-10, TGF-β, and GCSF levels were increased in severe persistent allergic asthma patients with the anti-IgE treatment. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:720976. [PMID: 23316107 PMCID: PMC3536437 DOI: 10.1155/2012/720976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Allergic asthma is showed an increase in Th2-cytokine and IgE levels and an accumulation activation of Th2 cells, eosinophils and mast cells. However, recent studies focused on cell-based mechanisms for the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Objectives. In this study, we compare the anti-IgE treatment modality in the dynamics of immune system cytokine levels in severe persistent asthma (SPA) patients who had no other any allergic disease, newly diagnosed allergic asthma patients and healthy volunteers. STUDY DESIGN The study population consisted of 14 SPA patients, 14 newly diagnosed allergic asthma patients and 14 healthy volunteers included as controls. Cytokine levels were measured. Total and specific IgE levels of anti-IgE monoclonal antibody treated patients, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels, FEV1/FVC rates and asthma control test (ACT) were measured for the clinical follow-up. RESULTS We observed that SPA patients presented increasing levels of IL-8, IL-10, TGF-β and GCSF during the anti-IgE treatment in period of sampling times at 4 months and 18 months. However this increase was not correlated neither with serum hsCRP levels nor FEV1/FVC rates. CONCLUSIONS Our study gives a different perspective for the SPA and anti-IgE immunotherapy efficacy at the cell cytokine-linked step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu D. Yalcin
- 1Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Antalya Training and Research Hospital, 07070 Antalya, Turkey
| | - Atil Bisgin
- 2Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
- 3Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Cukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
- *Atil Bisgin:
| | - Reginald M. Gorczynski
- 4Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Toronto Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 2C4
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Yalcin AD, Kargi A, Savas B, Gorczynski RM. Interaction of allergic disease and (immune) response to cancer in patient with stage-4 adenocarcinoma of the lung. Clin Lab 2012; 58:1329-30. [PMID: 23289208 DOI: pmid/23289208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
A 50 year old male patient who was watched because of penicillin and venom allergy in the allergy unit had been admitted to the medical oncology polyclinic with cough, expectoration and hemoptysis 10 years ago. His symptoms had first begun 1 month prior to that admission, and he was then diagnosed with stage IV adeno carcinoma. The first allergic reaction occurred at 1 hour following the last transfusion, while the second transfusion reaction occurred within the first 10 minutes of the transfusion and was associated with respiratory arrest. Also, he reported both penicillin and venom allergy history, and, subsequent to diagnosis and treatment, developed an anaphylactic reaction to a European Cornet sting on two occasions. Our aim in publishing this case is that after diagnosis of metastatic lung adeno cancer, our patient developed anaphylactic reactions associated with bee stings and on 2 occasions suffered transfusion associated anaphylactic reactions. His subsequent survival (9 years to date with stable disease) is extraordinary.
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Gorczynski RM, Chen Z, Khatri I, Yu K. Graft-infiltrating cells expressing a CD200 transgene prolong allogeneic skin graft survival in association with local increases in Foxp3(+)Treg and mast cells. Transpl Immunol 2011; 25:187-93. [PMID: 21801836 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2011.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the molecule CD200 has been reported to increase allograft survival by suppression of inflammation and acquired immunity. In previous studies we have shown that increased skin and cardiac allograft survival in transgenic mice over-expressing CD200 (CD200(tg)) occurs in association with increased intra-graft expression of mRNAs for genes associated with altered T cell subset differentiation. We investigated changes in graft-infiltrating cells, Treg and mast cells in skin grafts post transplantation into control or CD200(tg) mice, using focused gene array and real-time PCR to assess altered gene expression, and FACS, immunohistology and MLC to determine numbers/function of those cells. Graft-infiltrating cells isolated from CD200(tg) recipients suppressed induction of CTL from control lymph node cells in vitro, and contained increased numbers of infiltrating, non-degranulating, mast cells and Foxp3(+)Treg. Mast cells were also evident in graft tissue of control animals, but there these cells showed evidence for degranulation, and fewer Foxp3(+)Treg were present than was the case of CD200(tg) mice. The infusion of a competitive inhibitor of CD200:CD200R interactions, CD200(tr), at high concentrations (50μg/mouse iv) caused rapid rejection of grafts in CD200(tg) mice, mast cell degranulation within graft tissue, and a decrease in Treg infiltrates. These effects were attenuated by simultaneous infusion of the mast cell stabilizer, sodium cromoglycate. We conclude that CD200 expression contributes to graft prolongation through local suppression of mast cell degranulation, attraction/expansion of Treg, and attenuation of T cell effector activation.
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Melnyk MC, Shalev I, Zhang J, Bartczak A, Gorczynski RM, Selzner N, Inman R, Marsden PA, Phillips MJ, Clark DA, Levy GA. The prothrombinase activity of FGL2 contributes to the pathogenesis of experimental arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 2011; 40:269-78. [DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2010.536163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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