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Pachankis JE, Harkness A, Maciejewski KR, Behari K, Clark KA, McConocha E, Winston R, Adeyinka O, Reynolds J, Bränström R, Esserman DA, Hatzenbuehler ML, Safren SA. LGBQ-affirmative cognitive-behavioral therapy for young gay and bisexual men's mental and sexual health: A three-arm randomized controlled trial. J Consult Clin Psychol 2022; 90:459-477. [PMID: 35482652 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Effective Skills to Empower Effective Men (ESTEEM) represents the first intervention to address the psychological pathways through which minority stress undermines young sexual minority men's (SMM's) mental and sexual health using transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioral therapy. This study compared the efficacy of ESTEEM against two existing interventions. METHOD Participants were young human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative SMM (N = 254; ages = 18-35; 67.2% racial/ethnic minority) experiencing a depression, anxiety, and/or stress-/trauma-related disorder and past-90-day HIV transmission risk behavior. After completing HIV testing and counseling, participants were randomized to receive 10-session ESTEEM (n = 100); 10-session community-based lesbian, gay, bisexual, and queer/questioning (LGBQ)-affirmative counseling (n = 102); or only HIV testing and counseling (n = 52). RESULTS For the primary outcome of any HIV transmission risk behavior at 8 months, ESTEEM was not significantly associated with greater reduction compared to HIV testing and counseling (risk ratio [RR] = 0.89, p = .52). Supportive analyses of the frequency of HIV transmission risk behavior at 8 months showed a nonsignificant difference between ESTEEM compared to HIV testing and counseling (RR = 0.69) and LGBQ-affirmative counseling (RR = 0.62). For secondary outcomes (e.g., depression, anxiety, substance use, suicidality, number of mental health diagnoses) at 8 months, ESTEEM had a larger effect size than the two comparison conditions, but these comparisons did not reach statistical significance when adjusting for the false discovery rate. Observed effect sizes for condition comparisons were smaller than the effect sizes used to power the study. In exploratory analyses, ESTEEM showed promise for reducing comorbidity. CONCLUSIONS Because the control conditions were associated with stronger effects than anticipated, and given the heterogeneous nature of transdiagnostic outcomes, the study possessed insufficient power to statistically detect the consistently small-to-moderate benefit of ESTEEM compared to the two control conditions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Pachankis JE, McConocha EM, Reynolds JS, Winston R, Adeyinka O, Harkness A, Burton CL, Behari K, Sullivan TJ, Eldahan AI, Esserman DA, Hatzenbuehler ML, Safren SA. Project ESTEEM protocol: a randomized controlled trial of an LGBTQ-affirmative treatment for young adult sexual minority men's mental and sexual health. BMC Public Health 2019; 19:1086. [PMID: 31399071 PMCID: PMC6688287 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-019-7346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young gay and bisexual men disproportionately experience depression, anxiety, and substance use problems and are among the highest risk group for HIV infection in the U.S. Diverse methods locate the source of these health disparities in young gay and bisexual men's exposure to minority stress. In fact, minority stress, psychiatric morbidity, substance use, and HIV risk fuel each other, forming a synergistic threat to young gay and bisexual men's health. Yet no known intervention addresses minority stress to improve mental health, substance use problems, or their joint impact on HIV risk in this population. This paper describes the design of a study to test the efficacy of such an intervention, called ESTEEM (Effective Skills to Empower Effective Men), a 10-session skills-building intervention designed to reduce young gay and bisexual men's co-occurring health risks by addressing the underlying cognitive, affective, and behavioral pathways through which minority stress impairs health. METHODS This study, funded by the National Institute of Mental Health, is a three-arm randomized controlled trial to examine (1) the efficacy of ESTEEM compared to community mental health treatment and HIV counseling and testing and (2) whether ESTEEM works through its hypothesized cognitive, affective, and behavioral minority stress processes. Our primary outcome, measured 8 months after baseline, is condomless anal sex in the absence of PrEP or known undetectable viral load of HIV+ primary partners. Secondary outcomes include depression, anxiety, substance use, sexual compulsivity, and PrEP uptake, also measured 8 months after baseline. DISCUSSION Delivering specific stand-alone treatments for specific mental, behavioral, and sexual health problems represents the current state of evidence-based practice. However, dissemination and implementation of this one treatment-one problem approach has not been ideal. A single intervention that reduces young gay and bisexual men's depression, anxiety, substance use, and HIV risk by reducing the common minority stress pathways across these problems would represent an efficient, cost-effective alternative to currently isolated approaches, and holds great promise for reducing sexual orientation health disparities among young men. TRIAL REGISTRATION Registered October 10, 2016 to ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02929069 .
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Pachankis
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Erin M. McConocha
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Jesse S. Reynolds
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Roxanne Winston
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Oluwaseyi Adeyinka
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Audrey Harkness
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, USA
| | - Charles L. Burton
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Kriti Behari
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Timothy J. Sullivan
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Adam I. Eldahan
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Denise A. Esserman
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, USA
| | - Mark L. Hatzenbuehler
- Department of Sociomedical Sciences, Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health, New York City, USA
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Melosky B, Burkes R, Chu Q, Hao D, Ho C, Anderson H, Lee C, Leighl N, Murray N, Sun S, Winston R, Lam W, Laskin J. Prophylactic Treatment for Rash Induced By Egfr Inhibitor Improves Rash Without Compromising on Efficacy the Pancanadian Rash Trial: a Randomized Phase III Trial in Nsclc. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu349.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abouzaid E, Arenton M, Barker AR, Bellantoni L, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Cheu E, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Cox B, Erwin AR, Escobar CO, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Gomes RA, Gouffon P, Hsiung YB, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kotera K, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Monnier E, Nguyen H, Niclasen R, Phillips DG, Ping H, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Ronquest M, Santos E, Slater W, Smith D, Solomey N, Swallow EC, Toale PA, Tschirhart R, Velissaris C, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Wilking MJ, Winston R, Worcester ET, Worcester M, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED, Zukanovich RF. Search for the rare decays K(L)→π0π0μ+μ- and K(L)→π0π0X0→π0π0μ+μ-. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:201803. [PMID: 22181724 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.201803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The KTeV E799 experiment has conducted a search for the rare decays, K(L)→π(0)π(0)μ(+)μ(-) and K(L)→π(0)π(0)X(0)→π(0)π(0)μ(+)μ(-), where the X(0) is a possible new neutral boson that was reported by the HyperCP experiment with a mass of (214.3 ± 0.5) MeV/c(2). We find no evidence for either decay. We obtain upper limits of Br(K(L)→π(0)π(0)X(0)→π(0)π(0)μ(+)μ(-)) < 1.0 × 10(-10) and Br(K(L)→π(0)π(0)μ(+)μ(-)) < 9.2 × 10(-11) at the 90% confidence level. This result rules out the pseudoscalar X(0) as an explanation of the HyperCP result under the scenario that the dsX(0) coupling is completely real.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Abouzaid
- The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Abouzaid E, Arenton M, Barker AR, Bellantoni L, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Cheu E, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Corti G, Cox B, Erwin AR, Escobar CO, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Gomes RA, Gouffon P, Hsiung YB, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kotera K, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Monnier E, Nguyen H, Niclasen R, Phillips DG, Ping H, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Ronquest M, Santos E, Shields J, Slater W, Smith D, Solomey N, Swallow EC, Toale PA, Tschirhart R, Velissaris C, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Wilking M, Winston R, Worcester ET, Worcester M, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED, Zukanovich RF. Search for the rare decayKL→π0π0γ. Int J Clin Exp Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.78.032014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abouzaid E, Arenton M, Barker AR, Bellantoni L, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Cheu E, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Cox B, Erwin AR, Escobar CO, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Gomes RA, Gouffon P, Hsiung YB, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kotera K, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Monnier E, Nguyen H, Niclasen R, Phillips DG, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Ronquest M, Santos E, Slater W, Smith D, Solomey N, Swallow EC, Toale PA, Tschirhart R, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Wilking MJ, Winstein B, Winston R, Worcester ET, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED, Zukanovich RF. Determination of the parity of the neutral pion via its four-electron decay. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:182001. [PMID: 18518364 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.182001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We present a new determination of the parity of the neutral pion via the double Dalitz decay pi0-->e+e-e+e-. Our sample, which consists of 30,511 candidate decays, was collected from KL-->pi0pi0pi0 decays in flight at the KTeV-E799 experiment at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory. We confirm the negative pi0 parity and place a limit on scalar contributions to the pi0-->e+e-e+e- decay amplitude of less than 3.3% assuming CPT conservation. The pi0gamma*gamma* form factor is well described by a momentum-dependent model with a slope parameter fit to the final state phase-space distribution. Additionally, we have measured the branching ratio of this mode to be B(pi0-->e+e-e+e-)=(3.26+/-0.18)x10(-5).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Abouzaid
- The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Abouzaid E, Arenton M, Barker AR, Bellantoni L, Bellavance A, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Cheu E, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Cox B, Erwin AR, Escobar CO, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Gomes RA, Gouffon P, Hsiung YB, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kotera K, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Monnier E, Nguyen H, Niclasen R, Ii DGP, Ping H, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Ronquest M, Santos E, Slater W, Smith D, Solomey N, Swallow EC, Toale PA, Tschirhart R, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Wilking MJ, Winstein B, Winston R, Wolfe C, Worcester ET, Worcester M, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED, Zukanovich RF. Search for lepton-flavor-violating decays of the neutral kaon. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:131803. [PMID: 18517936 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.131803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The Fermilab KTeV experiment has searched for lepton-flavor-violating decays of the K(L) meson in three decay modes. We observe no events in the signal region for any of the modes studied, and we set the following upper limits for their branching ratios at the 90% C.L.: BR(K(L) --> pi(0) micro(+/-) e(-/+)) <7.6 x 10(-11); BR(K(L) --> pi(0)pi(0) micro(+/-) e(-/+)) <1.7 x 10(-10); BR(pi(0) --> micro(+/-) e(-/+)) <3.6 x 10(-10). This result represents a factor of 82 improvement in the branching ratio limit for K(L) --> pi(0) micro(+/-) e(-/+) and is the first reported limit for K(L) --> pi(0)pi(0) micro(+/-) e(-/+).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Abouzaid
- The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Abouzaid E, Arenton M, Barker AR, Bellantoni L, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Cheu E, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Cox B, Erwin AR, Escobar CO, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Gomes RA, Gouffon P, Hsiung YB, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kotera K, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Monnier E, Nelson KS, Nguyen H, Niclasen R, Phillips DG, Ping H, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Ronquest M, Santos E, Slater W, Smith D, Solomey N, Swallow EC, Toale PA, Tschirhart R, Velissaris C, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Wilking MJ, Winstein B, Winston R, Worcester ET, Worcester M, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED, Zukanovich RF. First observation of K{L}-->pi{+/-}e{-/+}nue{+}e{-}. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:081803. [PMID: 17930940 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.081803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This Letter is the first report of the K{L}-->pi{+/-}e{-/+}nue{+}e{-} decay. Based on 19 208+/-144 events, we determine the branching fraction, B(K{L}-->pi{+/-}e{-/+}nue{+}e{-}M_{e{+}e{-}}>5 MeV/c{2},E{e{+}e{-}}{*}>30 MeV)=(1.285+/-0.041)x10{-5}, and Gamma(K{e3ee}M{e{+}e{-}}>5 MeV/c{2})/Gamma(K{e3})=[4.57+/-0.04(stat)+/-0.14(syst)]x10{-5}. This ratio agrees with a theoretical prediction based on chiral perturbation theory (ChPT) calculated to O(p{4}). The measured kinematical distributions agree with those predicted by just ChPT O(p{4}), but show significant disagreement with ones predicted by leading-order ChPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Abouzaid
- The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Abouzaid E, Arenton M, Barker AR, Bellantoni L, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Cheu E, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Cox B, Erwin AR, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Hsiung YB, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kobrak HGE, Kotera K, LaDue J, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Monnier E, Nguyen H, Niclasen R, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Ronquest M, Shields J, Slater W, Smith D, Solomey N, Swallow EC, Toale PA, Tschirhart R, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Wilking MJ, Winston R, Worcester ET, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED. Measurements of the decay KL-->e+ e- gamma. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:051804. [PMID: 17930743 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.051804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The E799-II (KTeV) experiment at Fermilab has collected 83 262 K(L)-->e+ e- gamma(gamma) events above a background of 79 events. We measure a decay width, normalized to the K(L)-->pi0pi0pi(D)0 (pi0-->gammagamma, pi0-->gammagamma, pi(D0-->e+ e- gamma(gamma)) decay width, of Gamma(K(L)-->e+e-gamma(gamma))/Gamma(K(L)-->pi0pi0pi(D)0)=(1.3302+/-0.0046(stat)+/-0.0102(syst)) x 10(-3). We also measure parameters of two K(L)gamma*gamma form factor models. In the Bergström-Massó-Singer parametrization, we find Calpha(K*)= -0.517 +/- 0.030(stat) +/- 0.022(syst). We separately fit for the first parameter of the D'Ambrosio-Isidori-Portolés model and find alpha(DIP)= -1.729 +/- 0.043(stat) +/- 0.028(syst).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Abouzaid
- The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Abouzaid E, Alavi-Harati A, Alexopoulos T, Arenton M, Barker AR, Bellantoni L, Bellavance A, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Bright S, Cheu E, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Cox B, Erwin AR, Escobar CO, Ford R, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Gomes RA, Gouffon P, Hanagaki K, Hsiung YB, Huang H, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kotera K, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Monnier E, Nelson KS, Nguyen H, Niclasen R, Ping H, Prasad V, Qi XR, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Ronquest M, Rooker T, Santos E, Shields J, Slater W, Smith DE, Solomey N, Swallow EC, Toale PA, Tschirhart R, Velissaris C, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Wilking M, Winstein B, Winston R, Worcester ET, Worcester M, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED, Zukanovich RF. Ξ0andΞ¯0polarization measurements at800 GeV/c. Int J Clin Exp Med 2007. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.75.012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abouzaid E, Arenton M, Barker AR, Bellantoni L, Bellavance A, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Cheu E, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Cox B, Erwin AR, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Hsiung YB, Huang H, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kobrak HGE, Kotera K, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Monnier E, Nguyen H, Niclasen R, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Ronquest M, Shields J, Slater W, Smith D, Solomey N, Swallow EC, Toale PA, Tschirhart R, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Wilking M, Winstein B, Winston R, Worcester ET, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED. ImprovedKL→π±e∓νform factor and phase space integral with reduced model uncertainty. Int J Clin Exp Med 2006. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.74.097101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abouzaid E, Arenton M, Barker AR, Bellantoni L, Bellavance A, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Cheu E, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Corti G, Cox B, Erwin AR, Escobar CO, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Gomes RA, Gouffon P, Hanagaki K, Hsiung YB, Huang H, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kotera K, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Monnier E, Nelson KS, Nguyen H, Niclasen R, Ping H, Qi XR, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Ronquest M, Santos E, Shields J, Slater W, Smith D, Solomey N, Swallow EC, Toale PA, Tschirhart R, Velissaris C, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Wilking M, Winstein B, Winston R, Worchester ET, Worchester M, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED, Zukanovich RF. Measurement of the K0 charge radius and a CP-violating asymmetry and a search for CP-violating E1 direct photon emission in the rare decay KL--> pi+ pi- e+ e-. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:101801. [PMID: 16605723 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.101801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Using the complete KTeV data set of 5,241 candidate K(L)--> pi(+) pi(-) e(+) e(-) decays (including an estimated background of 204 +/- 14 events), we have measured the coupling g(CR)= 0.163 +/- 0.0149(stat) +/- 0.023(syst) of the CP conserving charge radius process and from it determined a K(0) charge radius of <r(2)(K(0))> = [-0.077 +/- 0.007(stat) +/- 0.011(syst)]fm(2). We have determined a first experimental upper limit of 0.04 (90% C.L.) /g(e1)/ / /g(M1)/ of the couplings for the E1 and M1 direct photon emission processes. We also report the measurement of /g(M1)/ including a vector form factor /g(M1)/(1 + (a(1)/a(2))/((M(2)(p)-(M(2)(k))= 2M(K)E(gamma*)), where vector /g(M1)/= 1.11+/- 0.12(stat) +/- 0.08(syst) and a(1)/a(2) = [-0.744 +/- 0.027(stat) +/- 0.032(syst)] GeV(2)/c(2). Finally, a CP-violating asymmetry of [13.6 +/- 1.4(stat) +/- 1.5(syst)]% in the CP and T odd angle phi between the decay planes of the e(+) e(-) and pi(+) pi(-) pairs in the K(L) center of mass is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Abouzaid
- The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Abouzaid E, Alexopoulos T, Arenton M, Barbosa RF, Barker AR, Bellantoni L, Bellavance A, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Cheu E, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Cox B, Erwin AR, Escobar CO, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Gomes RA, Gouffon P, Hanagaki K, Hsiung YB, Huang H, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kotera K, LaDue J, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Monnier E, Nelson KS, Nguyen H, Niclasen R, Ping H, Prasad V, Qi XR, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Ronquest M, Santos E, Shields J, Slater W, Smith D, Solomey N, Swallow EC, Toale PA, Tschirhart R, Velissaris C, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Wilking M, Winstein B, Winston R, Worcester ET, Worcester M, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED, Zukanovich RF. Observation of the decay xi0 --> sigma+ mu- nu(mu). Phys Rev Lett 2005; 95:081801. [PMID: 16196851 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.95.081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2005] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The xi0 muon semileptonic decay has been observed for the first time with nine identified events using the KTeV beam line and detector at Fermilab. The decay is normalized to the xi0 beta decay mode and yields a value for the ratio of decay rates gamma(xi0 --> sigma+ mu- nu(mu))/gamma(xi0 --> sigma+ e- nu(e)) of [1.8(-0.5)(+0.7)(stat) +/- 0.2(syst)] x 10(-2). This is in agreement with the SU(3) flavor symmetric quark model.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Abouzaid
- The Enrico Fermi Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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Alexopoulos T, Arenton M, Barbosa RF, Barker AR, Bellantoni L, Bellavance A, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Cheu E, Childress S, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Cox B, Erwin AR, Ford R, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Graham J, Hamm J, Hanagaki K, Hsiung YB, Huang H, Jejer V, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kobrak HGE, Kotera K, LaDue J, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Monnier E, Nelson KS, Nguyen H, Niclasen R, Prasad V, Qi XR, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Ronquest M, Santos E, Shanahan P, Shields J, Slater W, Smith D, Solomey N, Swallow EC, Toale PA, Tschirhart R, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Wilking M, Winstein B, Winston R, Worcester ET, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED. A determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa parameter |V us| using KL decays. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:181802. [PMID: 15525151 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.181802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We present a determination of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa parameter |V(us)| based on new measurements of the six largest K(L) branching fractions and semileptonic form factors by the KTeV (E832) experiment at Fermilab. We find |V(us)|=0.2252+/-0.0008(KTeV)+/-0.0021(ext), where the errors are from KTeV measurements and from external sources. We also use the measured branching fractions to determine the CP violation parameter |eta(+-)|=(2.228+/-0.005(KTeV)+/-0.009(ext))x10(-3).
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Jarvis S, Elliott D, Morgan D, Winston R, Readhead C. Molecular markers for the assessment of postnatal male germ cell development in the mouse. Fertil Steril 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2004.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Alavi-Harati A, Alexopoulos T, Arenton M, Barbosa RF, Barker AR, Barrio M, Bellantoni L, Bellavance A, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Bown C, Bright S, Cheu E, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Cox B, Erwin AR, Escobar CO, Ford R, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Gomes RA, Gouffon P, Graham J, Hamm J, Hanagaki K, Hsiung YB, Huang H, Jejer V, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kobrak HGE, Kotera K, LaDue J, Lai N, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Monnier E, Nelson KS, Nguyen H, Ping H, Prasad V, Qi XR, Quinn B, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Ronquest M, Santos E, Senyo K, Shanahan P, Shields J, Slater W, Smith DE, Solomey N, Swallow EC, Taegar SA, Tesarek RJ, Toale PA, Tschirhart R, Velissaris C, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Wilking M, Winstein B, Winston R, Worcester ET, Yamanaka T, Zukanovich RF. Search for the rare decay K(L)-->pi(0)e(+)e(-). Phys Rev Lett 2004; 93:021805. [PMID: 15323902 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.021805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The KTeV/E799 experiment at Fermilab has searched for the rare kaon decay K(L)-->pi(0)e(+)e(-). This mode is expected to have a significant CP violating component. The measurement of its branching ratio could support the standard model or could indicate the existence of new physics. This Letter reports new results from the 1999-2000 data set. One event is observed with an expected background at 0.99+/-0.35 events. We set a limit on the branching ratio of 3.5x10(-10) at the 90% confidence level. Combining with the previous result based on the data set taken in 1997 yields the final KTeV result: BR(K(L)-->pi(0)e(+)e(-))<2.8x10(-10) at 90% C.L.
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Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex human autoimmune-type disease with a predominantly unknown etiology. Immunologic destruction of myelin basic protein (MBP) throughout the nervous system is the major pathology of multiple sclerosis. This review will attempt to update new information about basic mechanisms and therapeutic management of the disease. The significance of the structure of MBP is discussed with respect to the contribution of such structures to the disease process. A number of MBP peptides that serve as the immunodominant antigens in MS patients have been identified. These peptides have been studied in animal models for their antigenic characteristics and ability to induce disease. Evidence for genetic contributions is reviewed with multigenerational twin studies providing the best evidence for susceptible haplotypes. The role of microorganisms/viruses and environmental agents are discussed as potential etiological factors but are now thought to be of minor importance to the primary causal development of the disease. Of major consideration are immunological mechanisms that contribute to the development of autoimmunity. In particular, antigen expression, cytokine and leukocyte interactions, and regulatory T-cells are discussed. Particular attention is given to regulatory T-cells (Treg), which help balance/modulate other T-cells such as Th1 and Th2 cells, and how such Treg regulate autoimmunity is addressed. The importance of the role of Tregs is exemplified by the demonstration that administration of oral antigens can induce specific Tregs that counteract experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in animal models. The significance of animal studies to human multiple sclerosis is discussed. A potential role for natural antibodies and innate immune mechanisms to help provide resistance to disease development is also reviewed. Finally, a variety of therapeutic agents that have been and continue to be utilized for multiple sclerosis is reviewed. Trials with oral antigens, such as glatirmer acetate (copolymer 1) especially in combination with interferon-beta, have shown promise. Antibody therapy and bone marrow transplantation are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Lutton
- Institute for Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Cabrini Medical Center, New York, New York 10003, USA.
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Alavi-Harati A, Alexopoulos T, Arenton M, Arisaka K, Barbosa RF, Barker AR, Barrio M, Bellantoni L, Bellavance A, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Bown C, Bright S, Cheu E, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Cox B, Erwin AR, Escobar CO, Ford R, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Gouffon P, Graham J, Hamm J, Hanagaki K, Hsiung YB, Huang H, Jejer V, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kobrak HGE, Kotera K, LaDue J, Lai N, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Monnier E, Nelson KS, Nguyen H, Prasad V, Qi XR, Quinn B, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Santos E, Senyo K, Shanahan P, Shields J, Slater W, Solomey N, Swallow EC, Taegar SA, Tesarek RJ, Toale PA, Tripathi A, Tschirhart R, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Wilking M, Winstein B, Winston R, Worcester ET, Yamanaka T, Zukanovich RF. Measurements of the Decay KL-->e+ e- mu+ mu-. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 90:141801. [PMID: 12731905 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.90.141801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2002] [Revised: 02/18/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The KTeV experiment at Fermilab has isolated a total of 132 events from the rare decay K(L)-->e+ e- mu+ mu-, with an estimated background of 0.8 events. The branching ratio of this mode is determined to be [2.69+/-0.24(stat)+/-0.12(syst)]x10(-9), with a radiative cutoff of M(2)(ee mu mu)/M(2)(K)>0.95. The first measurement using this mode of the parameter alpha from the D'Ambrosio-Isidori-Portolès (DIP) model of the K(L)gamma*gamma* vertex yields a result of -1.59+/-0.37, consistent with values obtained from other decay modes. Because of the limited statistics, no sensitivity is found to the DIP parameter beta. We use this decay mode to set limits on CP and lepton violation.
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Alavi-Harati A, Alexopoulos T, Arenton M, Arisaka K, Averitte S, Barbosa RF, Barker AR, Barrio M, Bellantoni L, Bellavance A, Belz J, Bergman DR, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Bown C, Bright S, Cheu E, Childress S, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Corti G, Cox B, Erwin AR, Ford R, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Graham G, Graham J, Halkiadakis E, Hamm J, Hanagaki K, Hidaka S, Hsiung YB, Jejer V, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kobrak HGE, LaDue J, Lath A, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Mikelsons P, Monnier E, Nakaya T, Nelson KS, Nguyen H, O'Dell V, Pordes R, Prasad V, Qi XR, Quinn B, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Roodman A, Schnetzer S, Senyo K, Shanahan P, Shawhan PS, Shields J, Slater W, Solomey N, Somalwar SV, Stone RL, Swallow EC, Taegar SA, Tesarek RJ, Thomson GB, Toale PA, Tripathi A, Tschirhart R, Turner SE, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Winstein B, Winston R, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED. Search for the KL-->pi 0 pi 0 e+e- decay in the KTeV experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:211801. [PMID: 12443402 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.211801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2001] [Revised: 07/12/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The recent discovery of a large CP violating asymmetry in KL-->pi+pi-e+e- mode has prompted us to seach for the associated KL-->pi 0 pi 0 e+e- decay mode in the KTeV-E799 experiment at Fermilab. In 2.7 x 10(11) K(L) decays, one candidate event has been observed with an expected background of 0.3 event, resulting in an upper limit for the KL-->pi 0 pi 0 e+e- branching ratio of 6.6 x 10(-9) at the 90% C.L.
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Alavi-Harati A, Alexopoulos T, Arenton M, Arisaka K, Averitte S, Barbosa RF, Barker AR, Barrio M, Bellantoni L, Bellavance A, Belz J, Bergman DR, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Bown C, Bright S, Cheu E, Childress S, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Corti G, Cox B, Cunha A, Erwin AR, Ford R, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Graham G, Graham J, Halkiadakis E, Hamm J, Hanagaki K, Hidaka S, Hsiung YB, Jejer V, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kobrak HGE, LaDue J, Lath A, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Medvigy D, Mikelsons P, Monnier E, Nakaya T, Nelson KS, Nguyen H, O'Dell V, Pordes R, Prasad V, Qi XR, Quinn B, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Roodman A, Schnetzer S, Senyo K, Shanahan P, Shawhan PS, Shields J, Slater W, Solomey N, Somalwar SV, Stone RL, Swallow EC, Taegar SA, Tesarek RJ, Thomson GB, Toale PA, Tripathi A, Tschirhart R, Turner SE, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Winstein B, Winston R, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED. Radiative decay width measurements of neutral kaon excitations using the primakoff effect. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:072001. [PMID: 12190514 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.072001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We use K(L)'s in the 100-200 GeV energy range to produce 147 candidate events of the axial vector pair K1(1270)-K1(1400) in the nuclear Coulomb field of a Pb target and determine the radiative widths Gamma(K1(1400)-->K0+gamma)=280.8+/-23.2(stat)+/-40.4(syst) keV and Gamma(K1(1270)-->K0+gamma)=73.2+/-6.1(stat)+/-28.3(syst) keV. These first measurements appear to be lower than the quark-model predictions. We also place upper limits on the radiative widths for K(*)(1410) and K(*)(2)(1430) and find that the latter is vanishingly small in accord with SU(3) invariance in the naive quark model.
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Alavi-Harati A, Alexopoulos T, Arenton M, Arisaka K, Averitte S, Barbosa RF, Barker AR, Barrio M, Bellantoni L, Bellavance A, Belz J, Ben-David R, Bergman DR, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Bown C, Bright S, Cheu E, Childress S, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Corti G, Cox B, Crisler MB, Erwin AR, Ford R, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Graham G, Graham J, Hagan K, Halkiadakis E, Hamm J, Hanagaki K, Hidaka S, Hsiung YB, Jejer V, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kobrak HGE, LaDue J, Lath A, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Mikelsons P, Monnier E, Nakaya T, Nelson KS, Nguyen H, O'Dell V, Pang M, Pordes R, Prasad V, Qi XR, Quinn B, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Roodman A, Sadamoto M, Schnetzer S, Senyo K, Shanahan P, Shawhan PS, Shields J, Slater W, Solomey N, Somalwar SV, Stone RL, Swallow EC, Taegar SA, Tesarek RJ, Thomson GB, Toale PA, Tripathi A, Tschirhart R, Turner SE, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Winstein B, Winston R, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED. Measurement of the K(L) charge asymmetry. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:181601. [PMID: 12005674 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.181601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present a measurement of the charge asymmetry delta(L) in the mode K(L)-->pi(+/-)e(-/+)nu based on 298 x 10(6) analyzed decays. We measure a value of delta(L) = [3322+/-58(stat)+/-47(syst)]x10(-6), in good agreement with previous measurements and 2.4 times more precise than the current best published result. The result is used to place more stringent limits on CPT and DeltaS = DeltaQ violation in the neutral kaon system.
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Makrigiannakis A, Coukos G, Mantani A, Prokopakis P, Trew G, Margara R, Winston R, White J. Expression of Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1) in human endometrium: regulation through decidual differentiation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:5964-72. [PMID: 11739471 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.12.8074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1) encodes a zinc-finger containing transcription factor that is selectively expressed in the developing urogenital tract and functions as a tissue-specific developmental regulator. In addition to its gene-regulatory function through DNA binding properties, WT-1 also regulates transcription by formation of protein-protein complexes. These properties place WT-1 as a major regulator of cell growth and differentiation. In view of these observations, we studied WT1 mRNA and protein in human endometrial extracts and in endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) differentiating into decidual cells in vitro, by RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. WT1 protein expression was also studied in situ in the proliferative and the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle in the early pregnant state. Analysis by PCR of total RNA prepared from human ESCs demonstrated the presence of WT1 mRNA and four WT1 mRNA splice variants. Western blot analysis of nuclear protein extracts from ESCs yielded one immunoreactive protein of the expected size (approximately 52-54 kDa) recognized by the WT1 antibody. Immunohistochemical staining showed that WT1 protein is localized only to nuclei of human endometrial stromal cells. It remains constant in the proliferative and the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and is increased remarkably during decidualization in early pregnancy. ESCs decidualized in vitro were investigated for WT-1 expression, which confirmed that decidualizing stimuli (E2, medroxy-progesterone-acetate, and relaxin for 12 d or cAMP and progesterone for 1-4 d) induced WT-1 mRNA (P < 0.05) and increased protein levels (P < 0.05). These data indicate that in humans the WT1 gene is expressed in ESCs and its mRNA and protein levels remain constant in the proliferative and the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle and that WT1 mRNA and protein expression increases significantly in ESCs when these cells differentiate into decidual cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Makrigiannakis
- Department of Reproductive Science and Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, W12 ONN OHS, London, United Kingdom.
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Alavi-Harati A, Alexopoulos T, Arenton M, Arisaka K, Averitte S, Barbosa RF, Barker AR, Barrio M, Bellantoni L, Bellavance A, Belz J, Ben-David R, Bergman DR, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Bown C, Bright S, Cheu E, Childress S, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Corti G, Cox B, Crisler MB, Erwin AR, Ford R, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Graham G, Graham J, Hagan K, Halkiadakis E, Hamm J, Hanagaki K, Hidaka S, Hsiung YB, Jejer V, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kobrak HG, LaDue J, Lath A, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Mikelsons P, Monnier E, Nakaya T, Nelson KS, Nguyen H, O'Dell V, Pang M, Pordes R, Prasad V, Qi XR, Quinn B, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Roodman A, Sadamoto M, Schnetzer S, Senyo K, Shanahan P, Shawhan PS, Shields J, Slater W, Solomey N, Somalwar SV, Stone RL, Swallow EC, Taegar SA, Tesarek RJ, Thomson GB, Toale PA, Tripathi A, Tschirhart R, Turner SE, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Winstein B, Winston R, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED. First measurement of form factors of the decay Xi(0) --> Sigma(+)e(-)nu macro(e). Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:132001. [PMID: 11580577 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.132001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We present the first measurement of the form factor ratios g(1)/f(1) (direct axial vector to vector), g(2)/f(1) (second class current), and f(2)/f(1) (weak magnetism) for the decay Xi(0)-->Sigma(+)e(-)nu macro(e) using the KTeV (E799) beam line and detector at Fermilab. From the Sigma(+) polarization measured with the decay Sigma(+)-->p pi(0) and the e(-)-nu; correlation, we measure g(1)/f(1) to be 1.32+/-(0.21)(0.17)(stat)+/-0.05(syst), assuming the SU(3)(f) (flavor) values for g(2)/f(1) and f(2)/f(1). Our results are all consistent with exact SU(3)(f) symmetry.
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Alavi-Harati A, Alexopoulos T, Arenton M, Arisaka K, Averitte S, Barbosa RF, Barker AR, Barrio M, Bellantoni L, Bellavance A, Belz J, Ben-David R, Bergman DR, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Bown C, Bright S, Cheu E, Childress S, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Corti G, Cox B, Crisler MB, Erwin AR, Ford R, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Graham G, Graham J, Hagan K, Halkiadakis E, Hamm J, Hanagaki K, Hidaka S, Hsiung YB, Jejer V, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kobrak HG, LaDue J, Lath A, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Mikelsons P, Monnier E, Nakaya T, Nelson KS, Nguyen H, O'Dell V, Pang M, Pordes R, Prasad V, Quinn B, Qi XR, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Roodman A, Sadamoto M, Schnetzer S, Senyo K, Shanahan P, Shawhan PS, Shields J, Slater W, Solomey N, Somalwar SV, Stone RL, Swallow EC, Taegar SA, Tesarek RJ, Thomson GB, Toale PA, Tripathi A, Tschirhart R, Turner SE, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Winstein B, Winston R, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED. Branching ratio measurement of the decay K(L) --> e(+)e(-)mu(+)mu(-). Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:111802. [PMID: 11531512 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.111802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have collected a 43 event sample of the decay K(L)-->e(+)e(-)mu(+)mu(-) with negligible backgrounds and measured its branching ratio to be (2.62+/-0.40+/-0.17)x10(-9). We see no evidence for CP violation in this decay. In addition, we set the 90% confidence upper limit on the combined branching ratios for the lepton flavor violating decays K(L)-->e(+/-)e(+/-)mu(-/+)mu(-/+) at B(K(L)-->e(+/-)e(+/-)mu(-/+)mu(-/+))< or =1.23x10(-10), assuming a uniform phase space distribution.
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Alavi-Harati A, Alexopoulos T, Arenton M, Arisaka K, Averitte S, Barker AR, Bellantoni L, Bellavance A, Belz J, Ben-David R, Bergman DR, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Bown C, Bright S, Cheu E, Childress S, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Corti G, Cox B, Crisler MB, Erwin AR, Ford R, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Graham G, Graham J, Hagan K, Halkiadakis E, Hamm J, Hanagaki K, Hidaka S, Hsiung YB, Jejer V, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kobrak HG, LaDue J, Lath A, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Mikelsons P, Monnier E, Nakaya T, Nelson KS, Nguyen H, O'Dell V, Pang M, Pordes R, Prasad V, Quinn B, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Roodman A, Sadamoto M, Schnetzer S, Senyo K, Shanahan P, Shawhan PS, Shields J, Slater W, Solomey N, Somalwar SV, Stone RL, Swallow EC, Taegar SA, Tesarek RJ, Thomson GB, Toale PA, Tripathi A, Tschirhart R, Turner SE, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Winstein B, Winston R, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED. Measurement of the branching ratio and form factor of K(L)-->mu(+)mu(-)gamma. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 87:071801. [PMID: 11497879 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.87.071801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on the analysis of the rare decay K(L)-->mu(+)mu(-)gamma the 1997 data from the KTeV experiment at Fermilab. A total of 9327 candidate events are observed with 2.4% background, representing a factor of 40 increase in statistics over the current world sample. We find that B(K(L)-->mu(+)mu(-)gamma) = (3.62 +/- 0.04(stat) +/- 0.08(syst)) x 10(-7). The form factor parameter alpha(K*) is measured to be alpha(K*) = -0.160(+0.026)(-0.028). In addition, we make the first measurement of the parameter alpha from the D'Ambrosio-Isidori-Portolés form factor, finding alpha = -1.54 +/- 0.10. In that model, this alpha measurement limits the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa parameter rho>-0.2.
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Rodman TC, Lutton JD, Jiang S, Al-Kouatly HB, Winston R. Circulating natural IgM antibodies and their corresponding human cord blood cell-derived Mabs specifically combat the Tat protein of HIV. Exp Hematol 2001; 29:1004-9. [PMID: 11495706 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(01)00678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE IgM antibodies reactive with each of two specifically defined sequences of HIV Tat protein have been identified in sera from both HIV(+) and normal (HIV(-)) humans. This study was designed to confirm that those antibodies are innate immune factors capable of restriction of specific mechanisms of HIV pathogenicity attributed to the Tat protein. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antibody-secreting hybridomas were generated from human cord blood cells and processed for monoclonality. Those Mabs reactive with each of the sequences of Tat with which the circulating antibodies are reactive were isolated and their heavy and light chains identified and DNA sequenced. Pools of IgM isolated from blood of normal humans, chimpanzees, rhesus macaques, and mice and the isolated Tat reactive Mabs were tested for capacity to inhibit Tat-induced human T-cell apoptosis. RESULTS Human and chimpanzee IgM pools, as well as the human cord blood cell-derived Mabs, showed a definite capacity to inhibit the Tat-induced apoptosis, while the IgM pools of rhesus macaques or of mice did not. CONCLUSIONS These studies establish that the circulating IgM of normal humans include innate antibodies capable of restriction of HIV Tat-induced pathogenesis. That capacity is shared by chimpanzee IgM but not by IgM of other primates or of mice. The identification of those human circulating antibodies as innate is confirmed by the display of similar epitopic identity and apoptosis inhibition capacity by Mabs from human cord blood cell hybridomas. Thus, the arsenal of human cord blood cell hybridomas provides a resource by which, specifically, the potential therapeutic role of the identified HIV Tat-reactive Mabs and, broadly, the fundamental role of innate antibodies in infection control may be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Rodman
- Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
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Alavi-Harati A, Alexopoulos T, Arenton M, Arisaka K, Averitte S, Barker AR, Bellantoni L, Bellavance A, Belz J, Ben-David R, Bergman DR, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Bown C, Bright S, Cheu E, Childress S, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Corti G, Cox B, Crisler MB, Erwin AR, Ford R, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Graham G, Graham J, Hagan K, Halkiadakis E, Hamm J, Hanagaki K, Hidaka S, Hsiung YB, Jejer V, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kobrak HG, LaDue J, Lath A, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Mikelsons P, Monnier E, Nakaya T, Nelson KS, Nguyen H, O'Dell V, Pang M, Pordes R, Prasad V, Quinn B, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Roodman A, Sadamoto M, Schnetzer S, Senyo K, Shanahan P, Shawhan PS, Shields J, Slater W, Solomey N, Somalwar SV, Stone RL, Swallow EC, Taegar SA, Tesarek RJ, Thomson GB, Toale PA, Tripathi A, Tschirhart R, Turner SE, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Winstein B, Winston R, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED. Measurements of the rare decay K(L) --> e(+)e(-)e(+)e(-). Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:5425-5429. [PMID: 11415267 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.5425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We observe 441 K(L)-->e(+)e(-)e(+)e(-) candidate events with a background of 4.2 events and measure B(K(L)-->e(+)e(-)e(+)e(-)) = [3.72+/-0.18(stat)+/-0.23(syst)]x10(-8) in the KTeV/E799II experiment at Fermilab. Using the distribution of the angle between the planes of the e(+)e(-) pairs, we measure the CP parameters beta(CP) = -0.23+/-0.09(stat)+/-0.02(syst) and gamma(CP) = -0.09+/-0.09(stat)+/-0.02(syst). We also present the first detailed study of the e(+)e(-) invariant mass spectrum in this decay mode.
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Ravhon A, Lavery S, Aurell R, Trew G, Margara R, Winston R. Clinical experience with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and urinary FSH: a retrospective case- controlled analysis. Fertil Steril 2001; 75:920-5. [PMID: 11334903 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(01)01684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the efficacy and efficiency of recombinant FSH (rFSH) and urinary FSH (uFSH). DESIGN Retrospective case controlled analysis. SETTING An assisted reproduction unit at a university center. PATIENT(S) 1388 patients undergoing long protocol in vitro fertilization/embryo transfer (IVF-ET) using buserelin acetate from day 2 of the cycle and either rFSH (follitropin beta) (n = 694) or uFSH (n = 694) with equal number of ampules started (rFSH: 50 IU, uFSH: 75 IU). INTERVENTION(S) Patients were included in the two groups of treatment after matching for similarity in age and type of treatment (IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Total dose of FSH, ovarian response, and IVF outcome. RESULT(S) Patients who received uFSH experienced a shorter period of stimulation, and a higher number of oocytes were collected. The total FSH used was lower in the rFSH group, and they required a lower FSH dose per oocyte retrieved. The implantation and pregnancy rates were similar between the uFSH and rFSH groups. In both groups implantation and pregnancy rates were higher when intracytoplasmic sperm injection was performed as compared with IVF. CONCLUSION(S) The implantation and pregnancy rates are similar when either rFSH or uFSH is used (when compared on an ampule-to-ampule basis, rFSH: 50 IU, and uFSH: 75 IU). However, a significantly lower total FSH dose was used in the rFSH group with a lower FSH dose per oocyte collected.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ravhon
- Department of Reproductive Medicine and Science, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom.
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Alavi-Harati A, Alexopoulos T, Arenton M, Arisaka K, Averitte S, Barker AR, Bellantoni L, Bellavance A, Belz J, Ben-David R, Bergman DR, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Bown C, Bright S, Cheu E, Childress S, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Corti G, Cox B, Crisler MB, Erwin AR, Ford R, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Graham G, Graham J, Hagan K, Halkiadakis E, Hamm J, Hanagaki K, Hidaka S, Hsiung YB, Jejer V, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kobrak HG, LaDue J, Lath A, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Mikelsons P, Monnier E, Nakaya T, Nelson KS, Nguyen H, O'Dell V, Pang M, Pordes R, Prasad V, Quinn B, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Roodman A, Sadamoto M, Schnetzer S, Senyo K, Shanahan P, Shawhan PS, Shields J, Slater W, Solomey N, Somalwar SV, Stone RL, Suzuki I, Swallow EC, Taegar SA, Tesarek RJ, Thomson GB, Toale PA, Tripathi A, Tschirhart R, Turner SE, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Winstein B, Winston R, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED. Measurement of the branching ratio and asymmetry of the decay Xi degrees -->Sigma degrees gamma. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:3239-3243. [PMID: 11327940 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.3239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the rare weak radiative hyperon decay Xi degrees -->Sigma degrees gamma in the KTeV experiment at Fermilab. We have identified 4045 signal events over a background of 804 events. The dominant Xi degrees -->Lambdapi degrees decay, which was used for normalization, is the only important background source. An analysis of the acceptance of both modes yields a branching ratio of B(Xi degrees -->Sigma degrees gamma)/B(Xi degrees -->Lambdapi degrees ) = (3.34+/-0.05+/-0.09)x10(-3). By analyzing the final state decay distributions, we have also determined that the Sigma degrees emission asymmetry parameter for this decay is alpha(XiSigma) = -0.63+/-0.09.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Winston
- Hammersmith Hospital Imperial College School of Medicine London, UK
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Alavi-Harati A, Alexopoulos T, Arenton M, Arisaka K, Averitte S, Barker AR, Bellantoni L, Bellavance A, Belz J, Ben-David R, Bergman DR, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Bown C, Bright S, Cheu E, Childress S, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Corti G, Cox B, Crisler MB, Erwin AR, Ford R, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Graham G, Graham J, Hagan K, Halkiadakis E, Hamm J, Hanagaki K, Hidaka S, Hsiung YB, Jejer V, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kobrak HG, LaDue J, Lath A, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, Mikelsons P, Monnier E, Nakaya T, Nelson KS, Nguyen H, O'Dell V, Pang M, Pordes R, Prasad V, Quinn B, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Roodman A, Sadamoto M, Schnetzer S, Senyo K, Shanahan P, Shawhan PS, Shields J, Slater W, Solomey N, Somalwar SV, Stone RL, Suzuki I, Swallow EC, Taegar SA, Tesarek RJ, Thomson GB, Toale PA, Tripathi A, Tschirhart R, Turner SE, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Winstein B, Winston R, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED. Study of the K(0)(L) --> pi(+)pi(-)gamma Direct Emission Vertex. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:761-764. [PMID: 11177934 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have performed studies of the K(0)(L)-->pi(+)pi(-)gamma direct emission ( DE) and inner Bremsstrahlung ( IB) vertices, based on data collected by KTeV during the 1996 Fermilab fixed target run. We find a(1)/a(2) = -0.737+/-0.034 GeV2 for the DE form-factor parameter in the rho-propagator parametrization, and report on fits of the form factor to linear and quadratic functions as well. We concurrently measure gamma(K(0)(L)-->pi(+)pi(-)gamma,E(*)(gamma)>20 MeV)/gamma(K(0)(L)-->pi(+)pi(-)) = (20.8+/-0.3)x10(-3), and a K(0)(L)-->pi(+)pi(-)gamma DE/(DE+IB) branching ratio of 0.683+/-0.011.
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Alavi-Harati A, Albuquerque IF, Alexopoulos T, Arenton M, Arisaka K, Averitte S, Barker AR, Bellantoni L, Bellavance A, Belz J, Ben-David R, Bergman DR, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Bown C, Bright S, Cheu E, Childress S, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Corti G, Cox B, Crisler MB, Erwin AR, Ford R, Fordyce PM, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Graham G, Graham J, Hagan K, Halkiadakis E, Hanagaki K, Hidaka S, Hsiung YB, Jejer V, Jennings J, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kobrak HG, LaDue J, Lath A, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, McManus AP, Mikelsons P, Monnier E, Nakaya T, Nelson KS, Nguyen H, O'Dell V, Pang M, Pordes R, Prasad V, Qiao C, Quinn B, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Roodman A, Sadamoto M, Schnetzer S, Senyo K, Shanahan P, Shawhan PS, Slater W, Solomey N, Somalwar SV, Stone RL, Suzuki I, Swallow EC, Swanson RA, Taegar SA, Tesarek RJ, Thomson GB, Toale PA, Tripathi A, Tschirhart R, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Winstein B, Winston R, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED. Search for the decay KL --> pi(0)e+e-. Phys Rev Lett 2001; 86:397-401. [PMID: 11177840 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.86.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on a search for the decay KL-->pi(0)e+e- carried out by the KTeV/E799 experiment at Fermilab. This decay is expected to have a significant CP violating contribution and the measurement of its branching ratio could support the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa mechanism for CP violation or could point to new physics. Two events were observed in the 1997 data with an expected background of 1.06+/-0.41 events, and we set an upper limit B(KL-->pi(0)e+e-)<5.1 x 10(-10) at the 90% confidence level.
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Ravhon A, Lavery S, Michael S, Donaldson M, Margara R, Trew G, Winston R. Dynamic assays of inhibin B and oestradiol following buserelin acetate administration as predictors of ovarian response in IVF. Hum Reprod 2000; 15:2297-301. [PMID: 11056122 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/15.11.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The study was designed to examine whether dynamic measurements of inhibin B and oestradiol following single administration of buserelin acetate were correlated with the ovarian response to stimulation in IVF. A total of 37 patients undergoing IVF treatment was studied when the long protocol was started in the early follicular phase. Blood samples were taken twice: on day 2 of the menstrual cycle, before the first s.c. administration of buserelin acetate 0.5 mg and on day 3, 24 h later. Inhibin B and oestradiol concentrations were compared with the ovarian response to stimulation. The ovarian response was defined in two ways: 'number of oocytes/total recombinant (r) follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) dose'; and 'square-root (number of follicles/total rFSH dose)'. The following measurements were highly correlated with the ovarian response to stimulation: increase in oestradiol (day 3-day 2 oestradiol concentration) [correlation coefficient (r) = 0.68, P: < 0.0001] and sum of inhibin B (day 2 + day 3 inhibin B concentrations) (r = 0.6, P: < 0.0001). Age and basal concentrations of FSH and inhibin B were inferior to the above measurements in terms of correlation with the ovarian response. In conclusion, dynamic measurements of inhibin B and oestradiol following single administration of buserelin acetate were highly correlated with the ovarian response to stimulation for IVF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ravhon
- IVF Unit, Department of Reproductive Medicine and Science, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
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Alavi-Harati A, Albuquerque IF, Alexopoulos T, Arenton M, Arisaka K, Averitte S, Barker AR, Bellantoni L, Bellavance A, Belz J, Ben-David R, Bergman DR, Blucher E, Bock GJ, Bown C, Bright S, Cheu E, Childress S, Coleman R, Corcoran MD, Corti G, Cox B, Crisler MB, Erwin AR, Ford R, Glazov A, Golossanov A, Graham G, Graham J, Hagan K, Halkiadakis E, Hanagaki K, Hazumi M, Hidaka S, Hsiung YB, Jejer V, Jennings J, Jensen DA, Kessler R, Kobrak HGE, LaDue J, Lath A, Ledovskoy A, McBride PL, McManus AP, Mikelsons P, Monnier E, Nakaya T, Nelson KS, Nguyen H, O’Dell V, Pang M, Pordes R, Prasad V, Qiao C, Quinn B, Ramberg EJ, Ray RE, Roodman A, Sadamoto M, Schnetzer S, Senyo K, Shanahan P, Shawhan PS, Slater W, Solomey N, Somalwar SV, Stone RL, Suzuki I, Swallow EC, Swanson RA, Taegar SA, Tesarek RJ, Thomson GB, Toale PA, Tripathi A, Tschirhart R, Wah YW, Wang J, White HB, Whitmore J, Winstein B, Winston R, Yamanaka T, Zimmerman ED. Evidence for the decayKL→μ+μ−γγ. Int J Clin Exp Med 2000. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.62.112001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Hardy K, Spanos S, Winston R, Stark J. From Cell Death to Embryo Arrest: Mathematical Models of Human Preimplantation Embryo Development. Fertil Steril 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)00730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Ravhon A, Lawrie H, Ellenbogen A, Lavery S, Trew G, Winston R. A prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing the efficacy of recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone in three different in vitro fertilization protocols. Fertil Steril 2000; 73:908-12. [PMID: 10785215 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(00)00469-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the following IVF protocols: a short protocol and long protocols starting on day 2 or day 21. All protocols used recombinant FSH (rFSH) for ovarian stimulation. DESIGN Prospective, randomized study. SETTING An assisted reproduction unit at a university center. PATIENT(S) Patients undergoing IVF (n = 150) were treated according to one of the three treatment protocols allocated by a random method. INTERVENTION(S) All patients used buserelin acetate and rFSH. Patients began the long protocol on day 2 (group 1) or day 21 (group 2) of the cycle. Patients in group 3 began the short protocol on day 2 of the cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Ovarian response, implantation rates, and pregnancy rates (PRs). RESULT(S) Patients treated with the short protocol (group 3) were stimulated in a shorter time, required less rFSH, and achieved higher E(2) levels. The numbers of follicles, oocytes, and embryos were similar in all three groups. The implantation rates were similar in groups 1 and 2 (11.8% and 13.3%, respectively), and both were higher than in group 3 (4.1%). Clinical PRs per oocytes retrieved were 19.6%, 18.6%, and 8.3% in groups 1, 2, and 3, respectively. CONCLUSION(S) The implantation rate was significantly higher with the long protocols than with the short protocol, with a tendency for a higher PR as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ravhon
- Wolfson Family Clinic and Flick Laboratories, Department of Reproductive Medicine and Science, Imperial College School of Medicine, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Otoacoustic emissions provide an alternative to traditional pure tone hearing screening in a diverse grade school population. BACKGROUND Mandated pure tone hearing screening programs for grade school children have several significant limitations. Otoacoustic emissions have been shown to be a reliable screening test in newborns, but there are no data on screening a diverse grade school population. METHODS Five hundred eighty-three grade school children in four separate school populations were screened for hearing loss using the standard pure tone four-frequency protocol and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions. Students failing either test received a comprehensive audiogram by an audiologist that served as the "gold standard." Sensitivity and specificity of both tests were compared. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of pure tone screening was 87% and 80%, respectively, compared with 65% and 91% for transient evoked otoacoustic emissions. CONCLUSION Pure tone screening was a statistically significant better screening test for detecting hearing loss in this population of grade school children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Sabo
- Department of Audiology, Good Samaritan Regional Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85006, USA
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Bright S, Winston R, Swallow EC, Alavi-Harati A. Effective Hamiltonian approach to hyperon beta decay with final-state baryon polarization. Int J Clin Exp Med 1999. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.60.117505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Abstract
We have previously reported, and confirm here, that the human innate system of natural antibodies includes two, each of which is reactive, presumably by happenstance, with a specific sequence of HIV Tat protein. Comparison of cohorts of HIV+ and normal (HIV-) sera indicate that, following a period of post-infection latency, the titers of those natural antibodies decline and other Tat reactive antibodies, as evidence of induced immune response, do not arise. That human-typical pattern of innate/adaptive reactivity with HIV Tat protein is shared by chimpanzees, but not by other mammals tested in this study, in which those natural antibodies are not present, and apparently induced Tat-reactive antibodies do arise. Evidence of a temporal relationship between the decline of the Tat reactive natural antibodies and progression of HIV pathogenesis, including demise of CD4+T cells, suggests a role for those antibodies in retardation of that pathoprogression. However, that providential arrest of Tat-related pathogenicity may be limited by the immune system recognition of the natural antibody-reactive sequences of Tat as "self" with consequent induction of tolerance and restriction of production of those antibodies. The limited occurrence of progression to AIDS in chimpanzees may reflect an additional innate characteristic, one of resistance to tolerance-based diminishment of the protective natural antibodies. Although not yet defined, that characteristic may be shared by the occasionally observed HIV+ humans known as LTNP (longterm-non-progressors).
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Rodman
- Laboratory of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Ravhon A, Lavery S, Trew G, Margara R, Winston R. Predictive value of serum estradiol levels for IVF pregnancy outcome after gonadotropin stimulation? Fertil Steril 1999; 71:183-4. [PMID: 9935140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Winston R. League tables of in vitro fertilisation clinics misinform patients. BMJ 1998; 317:1593-4. [PMID: 9836679 PMCID: PMC1114404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Lavery S, Lawrie H, Trew G, Winston R. Age and basal follicle stimulating hormone as predictors of in vitro fertilisation outcome. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1998; 105:810. [PMID: 9692430 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.1998.tb10220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Rodman TC, Winston R, Sullivan JJ, Yan XJ, Chiorazzi N. An innate natural antibody is reactive with a cryptic sequence of lactoferrin exposed on sperm head surface. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1997; 216:404-9. [PMID: 9402146 DOI: 10.3181/00379727-216-44189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Lactoferrin (LF), an 80-kDa glycoprotein of ubiquitous occurrence in body fluids, is multifunctional and capable of assuming different configurations to serve those functions. The capacity of LF to undergo endocytosis and the recent demonstration of LF binding to sequence specific DNA indicate that a function or capability of LF, in addition to iron chelation, bacteriostasis, and receptor-specific lymphocyte binding, may be that of gene activation or silencing. The data of this report present a human physiological system, that of sperm entry into the oocyte in performance of fertilization in which, since LF is a component of the sperm protein coat, that capability could be expressed. However, the configuration of LF in that locus is one in which a revealed cryptic sequence provides the specific binding site for a natural antibody present in the fertilization milieu. The presence of that antibody suggests that a system of control of the potential interaction of LF with the intra-ooplasmic DNA, that of gametes or pronuclei, is operative. The configuration of LF on the sperm surface and designation of the reactive site for the natural antibody were enabled by a monoclonal antibody secreted by a hybridoma derived from a human cord blood B cell. Thus, in addition to information concerning the molecular flexibility of LF, these observations support the proposition that the repertoire of natural antibodies provides an innate homeostatic system, with each antibody serving a specific role.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Rodman
- Laboratory for Molecular Genetics and Informatics, Rockefeller University, New York 10021, USA
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Simmons S, Winston R. Nurse and consultant. Interview by Alison Whyte. Nurs Times 1997; 93:28-30. [PMID: 9380568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Abstract
Two members of a unique class of natural antibodies have been identified in all of a large cohort of sera from clinically normal humans of broad age distribution. By means of a series of 10-12 mer peptides the epitope for each of those antibodies was characterized with regard to amino acid identity and conformation. Similar epitope specificity was revealed for the IgM isotopes of cord blood and early post natal sera and for IgM and IgG of adult sera, suggesting that the class of natural antibodies represented by the two identified in this study includes those genomically coded for at their effector level of maturation in the B cells of the neonate. Assay of series of specimens from each of four clinically normal adults revealed that those two natural antibodies are present at relatively constant titer, unique to each individual, over four to five and a half year periods. Those observations imply that the primary function of that class of natural antibodies may be related to maintenance of homeostasis and the molecular identity of each of the two epitopes suggests a role, for each, as monitor or control in intracellular traffic. The previous identification of those epitopes in a conserved protein of HIV also provides support for the proposition that a secondary function of natural antibodies, arising from fortuitous coincidence of the identity of the epitopes, may be that of early defense against infectious invaders.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Rodman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Informatics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA
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