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Carpenter SL, Khair K, Gringeri A, Valentino LA. Prophylactic bypassing agent use before and during immune tolerance induction in patients with haemophilia A and inhibitors toFVIII. Haemophilia 2018; 24:570-577. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.13534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. L. Carpenter
- Hematology/OncologyUniversity of Missouri Kansas City School of Medicine Kansas City MO USA
- Kansas City Regional Hemophilia Treatment Center Kansas City MO USA
- Children's Mercy Hospital Kansas City MO USA
| | - K. Khair
- Great Ormond Street Hospital London UK
- London South Bank University London UK
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McGuinn C, Cheng D, Aschman D, Carpenter SL, Sidonio R, Soni A, Tarantino MD, Wheeler AP, Dunn AL. Radionuclide synovectomy/synoviorthesis (RS) in patients with bleeding disorders: A review of patient and procedure demographics and functional outcomes in the ATHNdataset. Haemophilia 2017; 23:926-933. [DOI: 10.1111/hae.13318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C. McGuinn
- Weill Cornell Medical College; New York NY USA
| | - D. Cheng
- American Thrombosis and Hemostasis Network; Riverwoods IL USA
| | - D. Aschman
- American Thrombosis and Hemostasis Network; Riverwoods IL USA
| | | | - R. Sidonio
- Emory University/Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Comprehensive Bleeding Disorder Clinic; Atlanta GA USA
| | - A. Soni
- Center for Comprehensive Care and Diagnosis of Inherited Blood Disorders; Orange CA USA
| | - M. D. Tarantino
- Bleeding and Clotting Disorders Institute; University of Illinois College of Medicine-Peoria; Peoria IL USA
| | - A. P. Wheeler
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center; Nashville TN USA
| | - A. L. Dunn
- Nationwide Children's Hospital/Ohio State University; Columbus OH USA
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Reeves JA, Dowlut-McElroy T, Mou SM, Strickland JL, Carpenter SL. Factor VII deficiency diagnosed after minor genital trauma. Haemophilia 2017; 23:e133-e135. [PMID: 28111834 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Reeves
- University of Missouri Kansas City - School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - T Dowlut-McElroy
- University of Missouri Kansas City - School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - S M Mou
- University of Missouri Kansas City - School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - J L Strickland
- University of Missouri Kansas City - School of Medicine, Kansas City, MO, USA.,Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Antun A, Monahan PE, Manco-Johnson MJ, Callaghan MU, Kanin M, Knoll C, Carpenter SL, Davis JA, Guerrera MF, Kruse-Jarres R, Ragni MV, Witmer C, McCracken CE, Kempton CL. Inhibitor recurrence after immune tolerance induction: a multicenter retrospective cohort study. J Thromb Haemost 2015; 13:1980-8. [PMID: 26382916 PMCID: PMC4639409 DOI: 10.1111/jth.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune tolerance induction (ITI) in patients with congenital hemophilia A is successful in up to 70%. Although there is growing understanding of predictors of response to ITI, the probability and predictors of inhibitor recurrence after successful ITI are not well understood. OBJECTIVES To determine the association of clinical characteristics, particularly adherence to factor VIII (FVIII) prophylaxis after ITI, with inhibitor recurrence in patients with hemophilia A who were considered tolerant after ITI. METHODS In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, 64 subjects with FVIII level < 2% who were considered successfully tolerant after ITI were analyzed to estimate the cumulative probability of inhibitor recurrence using the Kaplan-Meier method. The association of clinical characteristics with inhibitor recurrence was assessed using logistic regression. RESULTS A recurrent inhibitor titer ≥ 0.6 BU mL(-1) occurred at least once in 19 (29.7%) and more than once in 12 (18.8%). The probability of any recurrent inhibitor at 1 and 5 years was 12.8% and 32.5%, respectively. Having a recurrent inhibitor was associated with having received immune modulation during ITI (odds ratio [OR] 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.2-22.4) and FVIII recovery of < 85% at the end of ITI (OR 2.6, 95% CI 1.3-5.9) but was not associated with adherence to post-ITI prophylactic FVIII infusion (OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.06-4.3). CONCLUSIONS The use of immune modulation therapy during ITI and lower FVIII recovery at the end of ITI appear to be associated with an increased risk of inhibitor recurrence after successful ITI. Adherence to post-ITI prophylactic FVIII infusions is not a major determinant of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Antun
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - P E Monahan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - M J Manco-Johnson
- Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center and Children's Hospital Colorado, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - M Kanin
- Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Knoll
- Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - J A Davis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - M F Guerrera
- Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - R Kruse-Jarres
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - M V Ragni
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Hemophilia Center of Western Pennsylvania, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - C Witmer
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C E McCracken
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C L Kempton
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Silvey MS, Carpenter SL, Wicklund BM. The development of pulmonary embolus in patients with haemophilia A and high-titre inhibitors - a case series and review of the literature. Haemophilia 2015; 21:e134-e136. [PMID: 25643736 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M S Silvey
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Carpenter SL, Soucie JM, Presley RJ, Ragni MV, Wicklund BM, Silvey M, Davidson H. Hepatitis B vaccination is effective by subcutaneous route in children with bleeding disorders: a universal data collection database analysis. Haemophilia 2015; 21:e39-43. [PMID: 25381731 PMCID: PMC4467876 DOI: 10.1111/hae.12569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Subcutaneous (SQ) vs. intramuscular (IM) vaccination may cause fewer injection site complications in children with bleeding disorders, but little is known about comparative immunogenicity. To compare immunogenicity of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination administered SQ or IM to individuals <2 years old with bleeding disorders, we performed a retrospective analysis of HBV surface antibody titres among patients enrolled in the universal data collection database who had received three doses of HBV vaccine solely by one route (SQ or IM). Data reviewed were from an initial visit before 24 months of age, until time of hepatitis antibody titre testing. The SQ and IM study groups did not differ in demographics, haemophilia type or severity or bleeding history. The mean age at the time of HBV surface antibody (anti-HBs) testing was 56.9 ± 20.3 months. Eighty-five of 92 subjects (92.4%) who received vaccine SQ developed a positive antibody titre (>12 IU/L), compared to 101/114 (88.6%) who received IM (P = 0.30). There was no statistically significant difference in distribution of titre values. The average age of the subjects at time of testing was 53 ± 20 months in the SQ group vs. 60 ± 20 months in the IM group (P = 0.02). The average time between the last dose of vaccine and anti-HBs testing was 47.6 ± 18.5 months among SQ vaccinated subjects vs. 51.6 ± 20.5 months in the IM group (P = 0.2). Immunogenicity to hepatitis B vaccination by the SQ and IM routes is similar.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Carpenter
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, MO, USA
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Schommer SK, Carpenter SL, Paul PS. Comparison of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus growth in media supplemented with fetal bovine serum or a serum replacement. J Vet Diagn Invest 2001; 13:276-9. [PMID: 11482613 DOI: 10.1177/104063870101300320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Commercially available serum replacements are often used in cell culture as a cheaper and less variable substitute for fetal bovine serum (FBS). The growth of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) isolates in CRL11171 cells maintained in a medium supplemented with FBS was compared with virus propagation in the same cell line maintained in the same medium with a serum replacement. The PRRSV replicated significantly better when the cell culture medium was supplemented with FBS. The results of this study have implications for the use of serum replacement-supplemented medium for PRRSV diagnosis by virus isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Schommer
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Medical Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
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Chen Y, Carpenter SL, Lamont SJ. Detection of protein binding to a glucocorticoid response element-like sequence in a chicken major histocompatibility complex class II promoter. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2000; 75:1-7. [PMID: 10889295 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2427(00)00185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid response element in gene promoters mediates regulation of gene expression by glucocorticoids. The major histocompatibility (MHC) class II genes, crucial for immunoresponsiveness, are among those modulated by glucocorticoids. A GRE-like sequence has been located in the promoter of a chicken MHC class II promoter. DNase footprinting revealed protein binding by the GRE-like sequence when nuclear extract from chicken T or B cell lines were used. Gel shift assays detected multiple binding activities in the lymphocyte cell lines, but little binding in the macrophage cell line. Relative band intensity differed among the lymphocyte cell lines. By using a mutant GRE oligonucleotide, most of the binding activities were demonstrated to be specific to the GRE. This study suggests a role of the GRE-like sequence in regulating chicken MHC class II genes and provides further evidence for the previously reported influence of glucocorticoids on chicken MHC class II expression which may be the molecular basis of glucocorticoid immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Cannon ME, Carpenter SL, Elta GH, Nostrant TT, Kochman ML, Ginsberg GG, Stotland B, Rosato EF, Morris JB, Eckhauser F, Scheiman JM. EUS compared with CT, magnetic resonance imaging, and angiography and the influence of biliary stenting on staging accuracy of ampullary neoplasms. Gastrointest Endosc 1999; 50:27-33. [PMID: 10385718 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(99)70340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Computerized tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and transabdominal ultrasound frequently fail to detect ampullary lesions. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is a sensitive modality for detecting and staging ampullary tumors. Accurate staging may be affected by biliary stenting, which is frequently performed in these patients with obstructive jaundice. The present study assessed the accuracy of ampullary tumor staging with multiple imaging modalities in patients with and those without endobiliary stents. METHODS Fifty consecutive patients with ampullary neoplasms from two endosonography centers were preoperatively staged by EUS plus CT (37 patients), MRI (13 patients), or angiography (10 patients) over a 3(1/2) year period. Twenty-five of the 50 patients had a transpapillary endobiliary stent present at the time of endosonographic examination. Accuracy of EUS, CT, MRI, and angiography was assessed with the TNM classification system and compared with surgical-pathologic staging. The influence of an endobiliary stent present at the time of EUS on staging accuracy of EUS was also evaluated. RESULTS EUS was more accurate than CT and MRI in the overall assessment of the T stage of ampullary neoplasms (EUS 78%, CT 24%, MRI 46%). No significant difference in N stage accuracy was noted between the three imaging modalities (EUS 68%, CT 59%, MRI 77%). EUS T stage accuracy was reduced from 84% to 72% in the presence of a transpapillary endobiliary stent. This was most prominent in the understaging of T2/T3 carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS EUS is superior to CT and MRI in assessing T stage but not N stage of ampullary lesions. The presence of an endobiliary stent at EUS may result in underestimating the need for a Whipple resection because of tumor understaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Cannon
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Nieves MA, Vahle J, Ackermann M, Howard M, Dietz AB, Carpenter SL, Cheville N. Production and characterization of canine osteosarcoma cell lines that induce transplantable tumors in nude mice. Am J Vet Res 1998; 59:359-62. [PMID: 9522958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To produce and characterize cell lines from canine primary appendicular osteosarcomas that induce transplantable tumors in athymic nude mice. ANIMALS 57 six- to 8-week-old female athymic nude mice. PROCEDURE Canine primary appendicular osteosarcoma tumors were harvested and cell lines were produced. Canine osteosarcoma (COSCA)-Toby (COSCA-T; 10 mice), COSCA-Princess (COSCA-Pr; 16) or canine osteosarcoma D-17 (ATCC CCL-183; 31) cells were injected into the proximal portion of the left tibia of nude mice to evaluate tumor production from each cell line; the right tibia served as the control. Tibial measurements were taken on alternating days to evaluate tumor growth during a 6-month period. Student's t-tests were used to determine whether size of the proximal portion of the left and right tibias differed significantly during the observation period. RESULTS 88% of mice receiving COSCA-Pr and 50% of mice receiving COSCA-T cells developed a tumor at the injection site by 9 days after implantation. The D-17 cells induced tumors in 50% of injected tibias; however, tumors were not detected for 79 days. Tumors generated from COSCA-Pr and COSCA-T cells in nude mice were histologically similar to the canine tumor from which they were developed. CONCLUSION New osteosarcoma cell lines that can reliably and rapidly induce transplantable tumors in nude mice were developed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Use of cell lines will allow evaluation of new treatments of canine primary appendicular osteosarcoma in a nude mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Nieves
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames 50011, USA
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Chak A, Canto MI, Rösch T, Dittler HJ, Hawes RH, Tio TL, Lightdale CJ, Boyce HW, Scheiman J, Carpenter SL, Van Dam J, Kochman ML, Sivak MV. Endosonographic differentiation of benign and malignant stromal cell tumors. Gastrointest Endosc 1997; 45:468-73. [PMID: 9199902 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(97)70175-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endosonography (EUS) is a valuable technique for diagnosing gastrointestinal stromal cell tumors. However, EUS features that are predictive of malignancy in these tumors have not been defined. METHODS Videotapes and photographs of EUS examinations performed prior to surgical resection of 35 stromal cell tumors (9 malignant) were blindly reviewed by a single examiner. EUS features associated with malignancy were determined. Interobserver agreement in interpreting these features was then measured among a panel of five expert endosonographers who judged EUS videotapes of 35 resected stromal cell tumors (10 malignant). RESULTS Stepwise logistic regression analysis demonstrated that tumor size (diameter > 4 cm), irregular extraluminal border, echogenic foci, and cystic spaces were independently associated with malignancy in stromal cell tumors (p < 0.05). Interobserver agreement for irregular extraluminal border, echogenic foci, and cystic spaces, as measured by mean kappa statistic, was 0.43, 0.39, and 0.28, respectively. For the five experts, the sensitivity for detecting malignancy ranged between 80% to 100% when at least two of the three features were judged to be present. The likelihood of finding malignancy ranged between 0% to 11% for the experts when all three features were judged absent. CONCLUSIONS Tumor size and certain EUS features are useful for predicting malignancy in stromal cell tumors. Absence of these features indicates benign disease. Agreement among experts in interpreting these EUS features is fair to moderate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chak
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Abstract
Focal crypt injury by neutrophils (cryptitis/crypt abscesses), or focal active colitis (FAC), is a common isolated finding in endoscopic colorectal biopsies. Focal active colitis is often thought of as a feature of Crohn's disease, but may also be seen in ischemia, infections, partially treated ulcerative colitis, and as an isolated finding in patients undergoing endoscopy to exclude neoplasia. Clinical, endoscopic, and pathological data were retrospectively reviewed from 49 patients with focal active colitis, who had no other diagnostic findings on colorectal biopsy and no history of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. The histological findings were correlated with clinical diagnoses. Follow-up information was available for 42 of 49 focal active colitis patients. None developed inflammatory bowel disease; however, 19 patients had an acute self-limited colitis-like diarrheal illness, 11 had incidental focal active colitis (patients without diarrhea that were endoscoped to exclude colonic neoplasia and found to have asymptomatic FAC), 6 had irritable bowel syndrome, 4 had antibiotic-associated colitis, and 2 had ischemic colitis. Twenty patients were immunosuppressed, and 19 were taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. No histological features predicted final diagnoses. FAC did not predict the development of chronic colitis, even when mild crypt distortion or slight basal plasmacytosis was present. The preponderance of acute self-limited colitis and antibiotic-associated colitis among the FAC patients, along with the high number of immunosuppressed patients, support the conclusion that most FAC cases are infectious. The incidental detection of FAC in patients undergoing endoscopy to exclude colonic neoplasia was not clinically significant. The role of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in FAC deserves further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Greenson
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor 48109-0054, USA
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Chen Y, Lillehoj HS, Hsu CH, Carpenter SL, Lamont SJ. Functional characterization of a chicken major histocompatibility complex class II B gene promoter. Immunogenetics 1997; 45:242-8. [PMID: 9002444 DOI: 10.1007/s002510050199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A 0.7 kilobase (kb) DNA fragment from the 5' flanking region of a chicken major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II B gene was cloned into chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter vectors and was transfected into a chicken macrophage cell line that expresses a low level of MHC class II antigens. Positive orientation-dependent promoter activity of the chicken DNA was evident in a reporter construct containing an SV40 enhancer. Deletion analysis of this 0.7 kb DNA fragment revealed a short fragment in the 3' end that was crucial for the promoter function and negative regulatory elements (NRE) located further upstream. The conserved MHC class II X and Y boxes did not have a significant effect on promoter activity. Sequence analysis of the 0.7 kb class II B gene upstream region suggests possible involvement of interferon (IFN), E twenty-six specific (ETS)-related proteins, and other factors in regulating this promoter. A chicken T-cell line culture supernatant increased surface expression of MHC class II antigens, as well as class II promoter activity, in this macrophage cell line. This first functional characterization of a chicken MHC class II B gene promoter will aid in understanding the regulatory mechanisms that control the expression of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- The Departments of Animal Science and of Microbiology, Immunology, and Preventive Medicine, 201 Kildee Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Abstract
Meningitis is a frequent complication of the human immunodeficiency infection. Possible causes include bacterial, fungal, mycobacterial, syphilitic, and vital pathogens (including the human immunodeficiency virus). Drugs must also be considered in the differential diagnosis. Two patients with probable trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-induced meningitis are described in the setting of human immunodeficiency virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Jurado
- Department of Medicine, Atlanta Veterans Administration Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia 30033, USA
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Fehr MJ, Carpenter SL, Wannemuehler Y, Petrich JW. Roles of oxygen and photoinduced acidification in the light-dependent antiviral activity of hypocrellin A. Biochemistry 1995; 34:15845-8. [PMID: 7495816 DOI: 10.1021/bi00048a030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Hypocrellin A displays photoinduced antiviral activity, in particular against the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), as does its counterpart, hypericin. Although hypocrellin A, like hypericin, executes an excited-state intramolecular proton transfer, it differs from hypericin in two important ways. Unlike hypericin, hypocrellin A absolutely requires oxygen for its antiviral activity. Also, whereas we have previously demonstrated that hypericin functions as a light-induced proton source, we do not observe that hypocrellin A acidifies its surrounding medium in the presence of light. These results are discussed in the context of the ground- and excited-state photophysics of hypericin and its mechanisms of photoinduced virucidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Fehr
- Department of Chemistry, Iowa State University, Ames, USA
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Carpenter SL, McDonnell WM. Misuse of veterinary phenylbutazone. Arch Intern Med 1995; 155:1229-31. [PMID: 7763130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Phenylbutazone is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that was commonly prescribed for the treatment of arthritic conditions; it is no longer available for use in humans because of its numerous side effects, including aplastic anemia. We describe a horse trainer who developed gastric ulcers and renal insufficiency as a result of taking veterinary phenylbutazone. A review of the literature reveals a pattern of abuse by those who work with and around animals. When appropriate, patients who work around animals should be questioned about illicit phenylbutazone consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Carpenter
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, USA
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Evans KS, Carpenter SL, Sevoian M. Detection of equine infectious anemia virus in horse leukocyte cultures derived from horses in various stages of equine infectious anemia viral infection. Am J Vet Res 1984; 45:20-5. [PMID: 6322623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen-positive and agar-gel immunodiffusion test (AGID)-negative horses do not have infective equine infectious anemia (EIA) virus. The ELISA testing of horse leukocyte culture (HLC) supernatants did detect EIA virus in a HLC that was infected with the Wyoming strain of EIA virus and in HLC derived from horses in febrile, acute, or subacute stages of EIA infection. In supernatants of HLC derived from chronic and inapparent carrier horses, EIA virus was not detected with ELISA. Direct fluorescent antibody tests detected EIA virus in HLC infected with 10(6)TCID50 of the Wyoming strain of EIA virus and in 50% of the HLC from febrile acute or subacute horses. The direct fluorescent antibody testing of HLC derived from chronic and inapparent carrier horses did not detect cell-associated EIA virus. The pony inoculation test proved to be the most reliable and accurate method for detecting infective EIA virus in horses in various stages of EIA infection and accurately correlated with the AGID test.
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Carpenter SL, Sevoian M. Cellular immune response to Marek's disease: listeriosis as a model of study. Avian Dis 1983; 27:344-56. [PMID: 6870717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The immune response of chickens to Listeria monocytogenes was studied as a potential model for cell-mediated immunocompetence. Chickens genetically resistant and susceptible to Marek's disease (MD) did not differ in their ability to survive Listeria, although during the early stages of infection the bacteria replicated more readily in MD-susceptible chickens. MD-susceptible chickens responded earlier than MD-resistant chickens, and with equal or increased intensity, in assays of various components of the cell-mediated reaction. These assays included T-cell activation, delayed-type hypersensitivity, and macrophage activation. These data indicate that genetic resistance or susceptibility to MD is not wholly dependent on the innate immunocompetence of the host. Co-infection with Listeria was used to measure cellular immunocompetence in MD-infected chickens. MD virus had no effect on the ability of host macrophages to control the growth of Listeria. The cell-mediated response was suppressed in MD-susceptible chickens. The occurrence of spleen cell proliferation, followed by marked suppression of the effector arm of the immune response in susceptible but not resistant chickens, indicated the possibility of an active suppressor-cell population associated with genetic susceptibility to MD.
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