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Reddy RS, Naik VVK, Elayat A, Suryanarayanan S. Oropharyngeal kinking of the tracheal tube during laparoscopic surgery. Anaesth Rep 2023; 11:e12220. [PMID: 36936738 PMCID: PMC10020431 DOI: 10.1002/anr3.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. S. Reddy
- Department of AnaesthesiologyValluvanaad Hospital Complex LimitedOttapalamKeralaIndia
| | - V. V. K. Naik
- Department of AnaesthesiologyValluvanaad Hospital Complex LimitedOttapalamKeralaIndia
| | - A. Elayat
- Department of AnaesthesiologyValluvanaad Hospital Complex LimitedOttapalamKeralaIndia
| | - S. Suryanarayanan
- Department of AnaesthesiologyValluvanaad Hospital Complex LimitedOttapalamKeralaIndia
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Rolland B, Scholl L, Suryanarayanan S, Hatfield P, Judge K, Sorkness C, Burnside E, Brasier AR. Operationalization, implementation, and evaluation of Collaboration Planning: A pilot interventional study of nascent translational teams. J Clin Transl Sci 2020; 5:e23. [PMID: 33948246 PMCID: PMC8057480 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2020.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational Research hub supports multiple pilot award programs that engage cross-disciplinary Translational Teams. To support those teams, our Team Science group aims to offer a learning experience that is accessible, active, and actionable. We identified Collaboration Planning as a high-impact intervention to stimulate team-building activities that provide Translational Team members with the skills to lead and participate in high-impact teams. METHODS We adapted the published materials on Collaboration Planning to develop a 90-minute facilitated intervention with questions in 10 areas, presuming no previous knowledge of Science of Team Science (SciTS) or team-science best practices. Attendees received a short follow-up survey and submitted a written collaboration plan with their first quarterly progress report. RESULTS Thirty-nine participants from 13 pilot teams from a wide range of disciplines engaged in these sessions. We found that teams struggled to know who to invite, that some of our questions were confusing and too grounded in the language of SciTS, and groups lacked plans for managing their information and communications. We identified several areas for improvement including ensuring that the process is flexible to meet the needs of different teams, continuing to evolve the questions so they resonate with teams, and the need to provide resources for areas where teams needed additional guidance, including information and data management, authorship policies, and conflict management. CONCLUSIONS With further development and testing, Collaboration Planning has the potential to support Translational Teams in developing strong team dynamics and team functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betsy Rolland
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Linda Scholl
- Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sainath Suryanarayanan
- Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, Center for Culture, History and Environment, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Peggy Hatfield
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kate Judge
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christine Sorkness
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elizabeth Burnside
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Allan R. Brasier
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Sponsler DB, Grozinger CM, Hitaj C, Rundlöf M, Botías C, Code A, Lonsdorf EV, Melathopoulos AP, Smith DJ, Suryanarayanan S, Thogmartin WE, Williams NM, Zhang M, Douglas MR. Pesticides and pollinators: A socioecological synthesis. Sci Total Environ 2019; 662:1012-1027. [PMID: 30738602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between pesticides and pollinators, while attracting no shortage of attention from scientists, regulators, and the public, has proven resistant to scientific synthesis and fractious in matters of policy and public opinion. This is in part because the issue has been approached in a compartmentalized and intradisciplinary way, such that evaluations of organismal pesticide effects remain largely disjoint from their upstream drivers and downstream consequences. Here, we present a socioecological framework designed to synthesize the pesticide-pollinator system and inform future scholarship and action. Our framework consists of three interlocking domains-pesticide use, pesticide exposure, and pesticide effects-each consisting of causally linked patterns, processes, and states. We elaborate each of these domains and their linkages, reviewing relevant literature and providing empirical case studies. We then propose guidelines for future pesticide-pollinator scholarship and action agenda aimed at strengthening knowledge in neglected domains and integrating knowledge across domains to provide decision support for stakeholders and policymakers. Specifically, we emphasize (1) stakeholder engagement, (2) mechanistic study of pesticide exposure, (3) understanding the propagation of pesticide effects across levels of organization, and (4) full-cost accounting of the externalities of pesticide use and regulation. Addressing these items will require transdisciplinary collaborations within and beyond the scientific community, including the expertise of farmers, agrochemical developers, and policymakers in an extended peer community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Sponsler
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, USA.
| | - Christina M Grozinger
- Pennsylvania State University, Department of Entomology, Center for Pollinator Research, Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, USA
| | - Claudia Hitaj
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Maj Rundlöf
- Lund University, Department of Biology, 223 62 Lund, Sweden; University of California, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Cristina Botías
- Laboratorio de Patología Apícola, Centro de Investigación Apícola y Agroambiental, IRIAF, Consejería de Agricultura de la Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha, 19180 Marchamalo, Spain
| | - Aimee Code
- Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation, USA
| | | | | | - David J Smith
- U. S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Sainath Suryanarayanan
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Population Health Institute, Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wayne E Thogmartin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center, La Crosse, WI 54603, USA
| | - Neal M Williams
- University of California, Department of Entomology and Nematology, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Minghua Zhang
- Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, University of California Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Margaret R Douglas
- Dickinson College, Department of Environmental Studies & Environmental Science, Carlisle, PA 17013, USA
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Suryanarayanan S, Kleinman DL, Gratton C, Toth A, Guedot C, Groves R, Piechowski J, Moore B, Hagedorn D, Kauth D, Swan H, Celley M. Collaboration Matters: Honey Bee Health as a Transdisciplinary Model for Understanding Real-World Complexity. Bioscience 2018; 68:990-995. [PMID: 30524133 PMCID: PMC6278639 DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biy118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We develop a transdisciplinary deliberative model that moves beyond traditional scientific collaborations to include nonscientists in designing complexity-oriented research. We use the case of declining honey bee health as an exemplar of complex real-world problems requiring cross-disciplinary intervention. Honey bees are important pollinators of the fruits and vegetables we eat. In recent years, these insects have been dying at alarming rates. To prompt the reorientation of research toward the complex reality in which bees face multiple challenges, we came together as a group, including beekeepers, farmers, and scientists. Over a 2-year period, we deliberated about how to study the problem of honey bee deaths and conducted field experiments with bee colonies. We show trust and authority to be crucial factors shaping such collaborative research, and we offer a model for structuring collaboration that brings scientists and nonscientists together with the key objects and places of their shared concerns across time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainath Suryanarayanan
- Population Health Institute and the Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies in the University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | | | - Claudio Gratton
- Department of Entomology in the University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | - Amy Toth
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology and the Department of Entomology at Iowa State University in Ames, Iowa
| | | | - Russell Groves
- Department of Entomology in the University of Wisconsin–Madison
| | | | | | | | | | - Heather Swan
- Heather Swan is in the Department of English at the University of Wisconsin–Madison
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Jandt JM, Suryanarayanan S, Hermanson JC, Jeanne RL, Toth AL. Maternal and nourishment factors interact to influence offspring developmental trajectories in social wasps. Proc Biol Sci 2017; 284:20170651. [PMID: 28637858 PMCID: PMC5489728 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.0651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The social and nutritional environments during early development have the potential to affect offspring traits, but the mechanisms and molecular underpinnings of these effects remain elusive. We used Polistes fuscatus paper wasps to dissect how maternally controlled factors (vibrational signals and nourishment) interact to induce different caste developmental trajectories in female offspring, leading to worker or reproductive (gyne) traits. We established a set of caste phenotype biomarkers in P. fuscatus females, finding that gyne-destined individuals had high expression of three caste-related genes hypothesized to have roles in diapause and mitochondrial metabolism. We then experimentally manipulated maternal vibrational signals (via artificial 'antennal drumming') and nourishment levels (via restricted foraging). We found that these caste-related biomarker genes were responsive to drumming, nourishment level or their interaction. Our results provide a striking example of the potent influence of maternal and nutritional effects in influencing transcriptional activity and developmental outcomes in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Jandt
- Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | | | - John C Hermanson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- USDA Forest Service, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Robert L Jeanne
- Department of Zoology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amy L Toth
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
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Suryanarayanan S. Pesticides and pollinators: a context-sensitive policy approach. Curr Opin Insect Sci 2015; 10:149-155. [PMID: 29588002 DOI: 10.1016/j.cois.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
I examine recent policymaking efforts in the United States (US) that seek to improve how risks posed by pesticides to insect pollinators are assessed and managed. Utilizing the case of ongoing honey bee die-offs, I argue for a context-sensitive policy framework. From a scientific perspective, this entails not ignoring the uncertain knowledge emerging from laboratory and field studies regarding the indirect effects of low levels of certain insecticides in combination with other factors. From a social scientific perspective, policy initiatives to build partnerships between growers and beekeepers toward mitigating exposure to pesticides are crucial, and need to acknowledge barriers to the adoption of best management practices as well as a historically-established asymmetry between growers and beekeepers in the pollination industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainath Suryanarayanan
- Department of Community & Environmental Sociology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 346 C Agricultural Hall, 1450 Linden Drive, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
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Jeanne RL, Suryanarayanan S. A new model for caste development in social wasps. Commun Integr Biol 2011; 4:373-7. [PMID: 21966550 DOI: 10.4161/cib.4.4.15262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Specialization into reproductive and non-reproductive castes is one of the defining traits of eusocial insects. Knowledge of the proximal causes of caste differentiation is therefore central to achieving an understanding of the evolution of eusociality. Castes are an example of a polyphenism, multiple, discrete phenotypes arising from a single genotype in response to differing environmental conditions. Here we focus on recent work in the social wasps to provide insight into how environmental conditions may trigger the development of caste across a range from independent- to swarm-founding social species. The amount of food larvae receive has long been recognized as a key input factor in the determination of caste, but that alone is insufficient to account for the range of combinations of size, development time and caste among the female offspring of Polistes, an independent-founding wasp. Recent experimental work on P. fuscatus has shown that vibrations that are associated with the feeding of larvae are another essential environmental input in the determination of caste. we present a model of how vibrational signaling in the context of feeding larvae could interact with nutritional input to account for the developmental patterns seen in these wasps. Mapping the distribution of vibrational signaling onto a phylogeny of the social wasps suggests that this trait characterized the common ancestor of the subfamilies vespinae + Polistinae, diversified in the independent-founding species, then was superseded by caste-determining mechanisms in the swarm-founding and vespine species that function more effectively in larger colonies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert L Jeanne
- Department of Entomology University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison, WI USA
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Bliznakova K, Suryanarayanan S, Karellas A, Pallikarakis N. Evaluation of an improved algorithm for producing realistic 3D breast software phantoms: application for mammography. Med Phys 2011; 37:5604-17. [PMID: 21158272 DOI: 10.1118/1.3491812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This work presents an improved algorithm for the generation of 3D breast software phantoms and its evaluation for mammography. METHODS The improved methodology has evolved from a previously presented 3D noncompressed breast modeling method used for the creation of breast models of different size, shape, and composition. The breast phantom is composed of breast surface, duct system and terminal ductal lobular units, Cooper's ligaments, lymphatic and blood vessel systems, pectoral muscle, skin, 3D mammographic background texture, and breast abnormalities. The key improvement is the development of a new algorithm for 3D mammographic texture generation. Simulated images of the enhanced 3D breast model without lesions were produced by simulating mammographic image acquisition and were evaluated subjectively and quantitatively. For evaluation purposes, a database with regions of interest taken from simulated and real mammograms was created. Four experienced radiologists participated in a visual subjective evaluation trial, as they judged the quality of the simulated mammograms, using the new algorithm compared to mammograms, obtained with the old modeling approach. In addition, extensive quantitative evaluation included power spectral analysis and calculation of fractal dimension, skewness, and kurtosis of simulated and real mammograms from the database. RESULTS The results from the subjective evaluation strongly suggest that the new methodology for mammographic breast texture creates improved breast models compared to the old approach. Calculated parameters on simulated images such as beta exponent deducted from the power law spectral analysis and fractal dimension are similar to those calculated on real mammograms. The results for the kurtosis and skewness are also in good coincidence with those calculated from clinical images. Comparison with similar calculations published in the literature showed good agreement in the majority of cases. CONCLUSIONS The improved methodology generated breast models with increased realism compared to the older model as shown in evaluations of simulated images by experienced radiologists. It is anticipated that the realism will be further improved using an advanced image simulator so that simulated images may be used in feasibility studies in mammography.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Bliznakova
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, University of Patras, 26500 Rio-Patras, Greece.
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Raghunath N, Faber TL, Suryanarayanan S, Votaw JR. Motion correction of PET brain images through deconvolution: II. Practical implementation and algorithm optimization. Phys Med Biol 2009; 54:813-29. [PMID: 19131667 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/54/3/022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Image quality is significantly degraded even by small amounts of patient motion in very high-resolution PET scanners. When patient motion is known, deconvolution methods can be used to correct the reconstructed image and reduce motion blur. This paper describes the implementation and optimization of an iterative deconvolution method that uses an ordered subset approach to make it practical and clinically viable. We performed ten separate FDG PET scans using the Hoffman brain phantom and simultaneously measured its motion using the Polaris Vicra tracking system (Northern Digital Inc., Ontario, Canada). The feasibility and effectiveness of the technique was studied by performing scans with different motion and deconvolution parameters. Deconvolution resulted in visually better images and significant improvement as quantified by the Universal Quality Index (UQI) and contrast measures. Finally, the technique was applied to human studies to demonstrate marked improvement. Thus, the deconvolution technique presented here appears promising as a valid alternative to existing motion correction methods for PET. It has the potential for deblurring an image from any modality if the causative motion is known and its effect can be represented in a system matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Raghunath
- Department of Radiology, Emory University Hospital, 1364 Clifton Road, N.E. Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Suryanarayanan S, Jeanne RL. Antennal Drumming, Trophallaxis, and Colony Development in the Social WaspPolistes fuscatus(Hymenoptera: Vespidae). Ethology 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Suryanarayanan S, Sechopoulos I, Vedantham S, Karellas A. SU-FF-I-97: Feasibility of Low Dose X-Ray Contrast Enhanced Digital Mammography with Gold Nanoparticles. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2760474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Vedantham S, Suryanarayanan S, Sechopoulos I, Karellas A. TH-C-L100F-10: Monte Carlo Coupled Modeling of a Computed Radiography System. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2761637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Sechopoulos I, Suryanarayanan S, Vedantham S, D'Orsi CJ, Karellas A. WE-E-L100J-05: Radiation Dose to Tissues From Mammography. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2761580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Sechopoulos I, Vedantham S, Suryanarayanan S, Karellas A. SU-FF-I-12: Validation of Geant4's Predictions On X-Ray Scatter and Glandular Dose in Pendant-Geometry Cone-Beam Breast CT. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2240250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Sechopoulos I, Suryanarayanan S, Vedantham S, Karellas A. SU-DD-A4-05: Characterization of X-Ray Scatter and Glandular Dose in Digital Tomosynthesis for Breast Imaging Using Monte Carlo Simulations. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2240153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Suryanarayanan S, Vedantham S, Sechopoulos I, Karellas A. WE-E-330D-03: Feasibility of High-Resolution Contrast Enhanced Digital Mammography. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Suryanarayanan S, Wierzbicki AS, Carr R, Ritter JM. Hypertriglyceridaemia and NK cell lymphoma. Int J Clin Pract 2003; 57:921-2. [PMID: 14712900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This case report describes a patient who presented with pyrexia of unknown origin allied with hypertriglyceridaemia (16.2 mmol/l) but not hypercholesterolaemia (4.1 mmol/l). Investigations identified the cause of the pyrexia as an adult T-cell lymphoma of natural killer cell phenotype (CD3[+], CD7[+], anti-TCR alpha/beta[+], CD8[+], CD56[+]). Hypertriglyceridaemia has been reported with non-Hodgkin s lymphoma, and an animal model suggests that antilipoprotein lipase antibodies may be made as an immunological response to the tumour. Lymphomas should be considered as part of the differential diagnosis in type IV-V hyperlipidaemia.
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Vedantham S, Karellas A, Suryanarayanan S. Attenuation characteristics of fiberoptic plates for digital mammography and other X-ray imaging applications. J Xray Sci Technol 2003; 11:219-230. [PMID: 22388292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Spatially coherent fiberoptic plates are important components of some charge-coupled device (CCD)-based x-ray imaging systems. These plates efficiently transmit scintillations from the phosphor, and also filter out x-rays not absorbed by the phosphor, thus protecting the CCD from direct x-ray interaction. The thickness of the fiberoptic plate and the CCD package present a significant challenge in the design of a digital x-ray cassette capable of insertion into the existing film-screen cassette holders of digital mammography systems. This study was performed with an aim to optimize fiberoptic plate thickness. Attenuation measurements were performed on nine fiberoptic plates varying in material composition that exhibit desirable optical characteristics such as good coupling efficiency. Mammographic spectra from a clinical mammographic system and an Americium-241 (Am-241) source (59.54 KeV) were used. The spectra were recorded with a high-resolution cadmium zinc telluride (CZT)-based spectrometer and corrected for dead time and pile-up. The linear attenuation coefficients varied by a factor of 3 in the set of tested fiberoptic plates at both mammographic energies and 59.54 keV. Our results suggest that a 3-mm thick high-absorption plate might provide adequate for shielding at mammographic energies. A thickness of 2-mm is feasible for mammographic applications with further optimization of the fiberoptic plate composition by incorporating non-scintillating, high-atomic number material. This would allow more space for cooling components of the cassette and for a more compact device, which is critical for clinical implementation of the technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vedantham
- Department of Radiology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Huang TT, Feinberg SL, Suryanarayanan S, Miyamoto S. The zinc finger domain of NEMO is selectively required for NF-kappa B activation by UV radiation and topoisomerase inhibitors. Mol Cell Biol 2002; 22:5813-25. [PMID: 12138192 PMCID: PMC133970 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.22.16.5813-5825.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure of mammalian cells to UV radiation was proposed to stimulate the transcription factor NF-kappa B by a unique mechanism. Typically, rapid and strong inducers of NF-kappa B, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lead to rapid phosphorylation and proteasomal degradation of its inhibitory protein, I kappa B alpha. In contrast, UV, a relatively slower and weaker inducer of NF-kappa B, was suggested not to require phosphorylation of I kappa B alpha for its targeted degradation by the proteasome. We now provide evidence to account for this peculiar degradation process of I kappa B alpha. The phospho-I kappa B alpha generated by UV is only detectable by expressing a Delta F-box mutant of the ubiquitin ligase beta-TrCP, which serves as a specific substrate trap for serine 32 and 36 phosphorylated I kappa B alpha. In agreement with this finding, we also find that the I kappa B kinase (IKK) phospho-acceptor sites on I kappa B alpha, core components of the IKK signalsome, and IKK catalytic activity are all required for UV signaling. Furthermore, deletion and point mutation analyses reveal that both the amino-terminal IKK-binding and the carboxy-terminal putative zinc finger domains of NEMO (IKK gamma) are critical for UV-induced NF-kappa B activation. Interestingly, the zinc finger domain is also required for NF-kappa B activation by two other slow and weak inducers, camptothecin and etoposide. In contrast, the zinc finger module is largely dispensable for NF-kappa B activation by the rapid and strong inducers LPS and TNF-alpha. Thus, we suggest that the zinc finger domain of NEMO likely represents a point of convergence for signaling pathways initiated by slow and weak NF-kappa B-activating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony T Huang
- Program in Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706-1532, USA
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Suryanarayanan S, Karellas A, Vedantham S, Baker SP, Glick SJ, D'Orsi CJ, Webber RL. Evaluation of linear and nonlinear tomosynthetic reconstruction methods in digital mammography. Acad Radiol 2001; 8:219-24. [PMID: 11249085 DOI: 10.1016/s1076-6332(03)80530-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to comparatively evaluate digital planar mammography and both linear and nonlinear tomosynthetic reconstruction methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS A "disk" (ie, target) identification study was conducted to compare planar and reconstruction methods. Projective data using a composite phantom with circular disks were acquired in both planar and tomographic modes by using a full-field, digital mammographic system. Two-dimensional projections were reconstructed with both linear (ie, backprojection) and nonlinear (ie, maximization and minimization) tuned-aperture computed tomographic (TACT) methods to produce three-dimensional data sets. Four board-certified radiologists and one 4th-year radiology resident participated as observers. All images were compared by these observers in terms of the number of disks identified. RESULTS Significant differences (P < .05, Bonferroni adjusted) were observed between all reconstruction and planar methods. No significant difference, however, was observed between the planar methods, and only a marginally significant difference (P < .054, Bonferroni adjusted) was observed between TACT-backprojection and TACT-minimization. CONCLUSION A combination of linear and nonlinear reconstruction schemes may have potential implications in terms of enhancing image visualization to provide radiologists with valuable diagnostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suryanarayanan
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester 01655, USA
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Abstract
Quantitative descriptions of muscle architecture are needed to characterize the force-generating capabilities of muscles. This study reports the architecture of three major trunk muscles: the rectus abdominis, quadratus lumborum, and three columns of the erector spinae (spinalis thoracis, longissimus thoracis and iliocostalis lumborum). Musculotendon lengths, muscle lengths, fascicle lengths, sarcomere lengths, pennation angles, and muscle masses were measured in five cadavers. Optimal fascicle lengths (the fascicle length at which the muscle generates maximum force) and physiologic cross-sectional areas (the ratio of muscle volume to optimal fascicle length) were computed from these measurements. The rectus abdominis had the longest fascicles of the muscles studied, with a mean (S.D.) optimal fascicle length of 28.3 (4.2)cm. The three columns of the erector spinae had mean optimal fascicle lengths that ranged from 6.4 (0.6)cm in the spinalis thoracis to 14.2 (2.1)cm in the iliocostalis lumborum. The proximal portion of the quadratus lumborum had a mean optimal fascicle length of 8.5 (1.5)cm and the distal segment of this muscle had a mean optimal fascicle length of 5.6 (0.9)cm. The physiologic cross-sectional area of the rectus abdominis was 2.6 (0.9)cm(2), the combined physiologic cross-sectional area of the erector spinae was 11.6 (1.8)cm(2), and the physiologic cross-sectional area of the quadratus lumborum was 2.8 (0.5)cm(2). These data provide the basis for estimation of the force-generating potential of these muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Delp
- Biomechanical Engineering Division, Mechanical Engineering Department, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-3030, USA.
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Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The authors performed this study to investigate the potential applicability of tomosynthesis to digital mammography. Four methods of tomosynthesis-tuned aperture computed tomography (TACT)-backprojection, TACT-iterative restoration, iterative reconstruction with expectation maximization, and Bayesian smoothing-were compared to planar mammography and analyzed in terms of their contrast-detail characteristics. Specific comparisons between the tomosynthesis methods were not attempted in this study. MATERIALS AND METHODS A full-field, amorphous, silicon-based, flat-panel digital mammographic system was used to obtain planar and tomosynthesis projection images. A composite tomosynthesis phantom with a centrally located contrast-detail insert was used as the object of interest. The total exposure for multiple views with tomosynthesis was always equal to or less than that for the planar technique. Algorithms were used to reconstruct the object from the acquired projections. RESULTS Threshold contrast characteristics with all tomosynthesis reconstruction methods were significantly better than those with planar mammography, even when planar mammography was performed at more than twice the exposure level. Reduction of out-of-plane structural components was observed in all the tomosynthesis methods analyzed. CONCLUSION The contrast-detail trends of all the tomosynthesis methods analyzed in this study were better than those of planar mammography. Further optimization of the algorithms could lead to better image reconstruction, which would improve visualization of valuable diagnostic information.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suryanarayanan
- Department of Radiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School-UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester 01655, USA
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Vedantham S, Karellas A, Suryanarayanan S, D'Orsi CJ, Hendrick RE. Breast imaging using an amorphous silicon-based full-field digital mammographic system: stability of a clinical prototype. J Digit Imaging 2000; 13:191-9. [PMID: 11110258 PMCID: PMC3453066 DOI: 10.1007/bf03168394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
An amorphous silicon-based full-breast imager for digital mammography was evaluated for detector stability over a period of 1 year. This imager uses a structured CsI:TI scintillator coupled to an amorphous silicon layer with a 100-micron pixel pitch and read out by special purpose electronics. The stability of the system was characterized using the following quantifiable metrics: conversion factor (mean number of electrons generated per incident x-ray), presampling modulation transfer function (MTF), detector linearity and sensitivity, detector signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), and American College of Radiology (ACR) accreditation phantom scores. Qualitative metrics such as flat field uniformity, geometric distortion, and Society of Motion Picture and Television Engineers (SMPTE) test pattern image quality were also used to study the stability of the system. Observations made over this 1-year period indicated that the maximum variation from the average of the measurements were less than 0.5% for conversion factor, 3% for presampling MTF over all spatial frequencies, 5% for signal response, linearity and sensitivity, 12% for SNR over seven locations for all 3 target-filter combinations, and 0% for ACR accreditation phantom scores. ACR mammographic accreditation phantom images indicated the ability to resolve 5 fibers, 4 speck groups, and 5 masses at a mean glandular dose of 1.23 mGy. The SMPTE pattern image quality test for the display monitors used for image viewing indicated ability to discern all contrast steps and ability to distinguish line-pair images at the center and corners of the image. No bleeding effects were observed in the image. Flat field uniformity for all 3 target-filter combinations displayed no artifacts such as gridlines, bad detector rows or columns, horizontal or vertical streaks, or bad pixels. Wire mesh screen images indicated uniform resolution and no geometric distortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Vedantham
- Department of Radiology, UMass Memorial Health Care, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester 01655, USA
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Abstract
Nonlinear analysis techniques are necessary to understand the complexity of the EMG. The purpose of the present study was to determine the fractal dimension of surface EMG obtained from the biceps brachii of normal subjects during isokinetic flexion-extension of the arm. The measurements were obtained with different loading conditions on the arm and for various rates of flexion-extension. Fractal dimensions of the surface EMG signals were calculated for each of these conditions. ANOVA results showed statistically significant differences between the fractal dimensions calculated for different loading conditions and rates of flexion-extensin (P < or = 0.005). Linear regression analysis showed a correlation coefficient of 0.99 between the fractal dimension and the load, and a correlation coefficient of 0.98 between the fractal dimension and the rate of flexion-extension. The results of the study show that the fractal dimension can be used along with other parameters to characterize the EMG signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gupta
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Akron, OH 44325-0302, USA
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Giakos GC, Pillai B, Vedantham S, Chowdhuri S, Odogba J, Dasgupta A, Vega-Lozada V, Guntupalli R, Suryanarayanan S, Endorf RJ, Passalaqua A, Kollipara S. Electric Field Dependence on Charge Collection of CdZnTe X-Ray Detectors. J Xray Sci Technol 1997; 7:198-210. [PMID: 21307550 DOI: 10.3233/xst-1997-7210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the electric field dependence on the charge collection process of CdZnTe detectors, at different x-ray tube settings, within the x-ray diagnostic energy range, is investigated. In addition, the detector contrast at different applied bias voltages and x-ray tube settings have been experimentally determined. The experimental results suggest that an efficient charge collection process is obtained by increasing the applied bias voltage. Once the applied bias voltage is sufficiently high, charge collection becomes complete and the detector operates in the saturation region. This is a prerequisite for high contrast and spatial resolution. As a result, the detector contrast is enhanced significantly. Therefore, CdZnTe detectors appear to be potential candidates for digital radiographic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Giakos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325
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Suryanarayanan S, Reddy NP, Gupta V. An intelligent system with EMG-based joint angle estimation for telemanipulation. Stud Health Technol Inform 1995; 29:546-52. [PMID: 10163782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Bio-control of telemanipulators is being researched as an alternate control strategy. This study investigates the use of surface EMG from the biceps to predict joint angle during flexion of the arm that can be used to control an anthropomorphic telemanipulator. An intelligent system based on neural networks and fuzzy logic has been developed to use the processed surface EMG signal and predict the joint angle. The system has been tested on various angles of flexion-extension of the arm and at several speeds of flexion-extension. Preliminary results show the RMS error between the predicted angle and the actual angle to be less than 3% during training and less than 15% during testing. The technique of direct bio-control using EMG has the potential as an interface for telemanipulation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suryanarayanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Akron, OH 44325-0302, USA
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Abstract
Identification and classification of the dysphagic patient at risk of aspiration is important from a clinical point of view. Recently, we have developed techniques to quantify various biomechanical parameters that characterize the dysphagic patient, and have developed an expert system to classify patients based on these measurements. The purpose of the present investigation was to develop a fuzzy logic diagnosis system for classification of the patient with pharyngeal dysphagia into four categories of risk for aspiration. Non-invasive acceleration and swallow pressure measurements were obtained and five parameters were extracted from these measurements. A set of membership functions were defined for each parameter. The measured parameter values were fuzzified and fed to a rule base which provided a set of output membership values corresponding to each of the categories. The set of output values were defuzzified to obtain a continuous measure of classification. The fuzzy system was evaluated using the data obtained from 22 subjects. There was a complete agreement between the fuzzy system classification and the clinician's classification in 18 of the 22 patients. The fuzzy system overestimated the risk by half a category in two patients and underestimated by half a category in two patients. The fuzzy logic diagnosis system, together with the biomechanical measures, provides a tool for continued patient assessment on a daily basis to identify the patient who needs further videofluorography examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Suryanarayanan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Akron, OH 44325-0302, USA
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Reddy NP, Rothschild BM, Mandal M, Gupta V, Suryanarayanan S. Noninvasive acceleration measurements to characterize knee arthritis and chondromalacia. Ann Biomed Eng 1995; 23:78-84. [PMID: 7762885 DOI: 10.1007/bf02368303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Devising techniques and instrumentation for early detection of knee arthritis and chondromalacia presents a challenge in the domain of biomedical engineering. The purpose of the present investigation was to characterize normal knees and knees affected by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and chondromalacia using a set of noninvasive acceleration measurements. Ultraminiature accelerometers were placed on the skin over the patella in four groups of subjects, and acceleration measurements were obtained during leg rotation. Acceleration measurements were significantly different in the four groups of subjects in the time and frequency domains. Power spectral analysis revealed that the average power was significantly different for these groups over a 100-500 Hz range. Noninvasive acceleration measurements can characterize the normal, arthritis, and chondromalacia knees. However, a study on a larger group of subjects is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Reddy
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Akron, OH 44325-0302, USA
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Abstract
Uredospores of Puccinia graminis var. tritici were incubated in phosphate buffer (pH 6.2) containing pelargonic acid-1-C14. After 3 hours 97.5% of the tracer was assimilated. Fifty-five percent of this was released as C14O2and 36.2% was incorporated into the spores. About one-half of the carbon-14 in the spores was soluble in ethanol and water, whereas nearly a third was ether extractable. The amino acid and carbohydrate fractions contained about equal amounts of carbon-14 and together accounted for two-thirds of the radioactivity in the ethanol–water extract. The organic acids were also radioactive. Glutamic acid, γ-aminobutyric acid, aspartic acid, and alanine were the most highly labelled amino acids. Fifty-three percent of the radioactivity in glutamic acid was found in carbon 1 and 46% in carbon 5. This distribution suggests β-oxidation of pelargonic acid to acetyl CoA and extensive utilization of the latter by means of the glyoxylate cycle.
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