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Chen CY, Chang CH, Yang CR, Hsieh KL, Tsing WH, Chen IHA, Lin JT, Huang CY, Hong JH, Tseng JS, Lin WR, Tsai YC, Wu SY, Shen CH, Cheong IS, Chen CS, Yang CK, Jiang YH, Tsai CY, Hsueh TY, Chen YT, Wu CC, Lo SH, Chiang BJ, Lin WY, Lin PH, Tai TY, Li WM, Lee HY. Prognostic factors of intravesical recurrence after radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial carcinoma. World J Urol 2024; 42:22. [PMID: 38197890 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-023-04700-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate predictive factors of increasing intravesical recurrence (IVR) rate in patients with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) after receiving radical nephroureterectomy (RNUx) with bladder cuff excision (BCE). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 2114 patients were included from the updated data of the Taiwan UTUC Collaboration Group. It was divided into two groups: IVR-free and IVR after RNUx, with 1527 and 587 patients, respectively. To determine the factors affecting IVR, TNM stage, the usage of pre-operative ureteroscopy, and pathological outcomes were evaluated. The Kaplan-Meier estimator was used to estimate the rates of prognostic outcomes in overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), disease-free survival (DFS), and bladder recurrence-free survival (BRFS), and the survival curves were compared using the stratified log-rank test. RESULTS Based on our research, ureter tumor, female, smoking history, age (< 70 years old), multifocal tumor, history of bladder cancer were determined to increase the risk of IVR after univariate analysis. The multivariable analysis revealed that female (BRFS for male: HR 0.566, 95% CI 0.469-0.681, p < 0.001), ureter tumor (BRFS: HR 1.359, 95% CI 1.133-1.631, p = 0.001), multifocal (BRFS: HR 1.200, 95% CI 1.001-1.439, p = 0.049), history of bladder cancer (BRFS: HR 1.480, 95% CI 1.118-1.959, p = 0.006) were the prognostic factors for IVR. Patients who ever received ureterorenoscopy (URS) did not increase the risk of IVR. CONCLUSION Patients with ureter tumor and previous bladder UC history are important factors to increase the risk of IVR after RNUx. Pre-operative URS manipulation is not associated with higher risk of IVR and diagnostic URS is feasible especially for insufficient information of image study. More frequent surveillance regimen may be needed for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Ya Chen
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Urology, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Rei Yang
- Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lin Hsieh
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Tsing
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi-Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Alan Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tai Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Hua Hong
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Shu Tseng
- Department of Urology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wun-Rong Lin
- Department of Urology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chou Tsai
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Wu
- Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Huang Shen
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ian-Seng Cheong
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation, Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chuan-Shu Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung City, Taiwan
- Department of Senior Citizen Service Management, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kuang Yang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hong Jiang
- Department of Urology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chung-You Tsai
- Divisions of Urology, Department of Surgery, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Y Hsueh
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Tai Chen
- Department of Urology, Taiwan Adventist Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Wu
- Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Urology and Kidney (TMU-RCUK), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiu Lo
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Juin Chiang
- College of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei Yu Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hung Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Yao Tai
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Li
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Ministry of Health and Welfare Pingtung Hospital, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ying Lee
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Singh M, Lo SH, Dubey R, Kumar S, Chaubey KK, Kumar S. Plant-Derived Natural Compounds as an Emerging Antiviral in Combating COVID-19. Indian J Microbiol 2023; 63:429-446. [PMID: 38031604 PMCID: PMC10682353 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-023-01121-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a human virus that burst at Wuhan in China and spread quickly over the world, leading to millions of deaths globally. The journey of this deadly virus to different mutant strains is still ongoing. The plethora of drugs and vaccines have been tested to cope up this pandemic. The herbal plants and different spices have received great attention during pandemic, because of their anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties in treating viruses and their symptoms. Also, it has been shown that nano-formulation of phytochemicals has potential therapeutic effect against COVID-19. Furthermore, the plant derived compound nano-formulation specifically increases its antiviral property by enhancing its bioavailability, solubility, and target-specific delivery system. This review highlights the potentiality of herbal plants and their phytochemical against SARS-CoV-2 utilizing different mechanisms such as blocking the ACE-2 receptors, inhibiting the main proteases, binding spike proteins and reducing the cytokine storms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansi Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, UP 281406 India
| | - Shih-Hsiu Lo
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rajni Dubey
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, No. 252, Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031 Taiwan
| | - Sudhashekhar Kumar
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP 201310 India
| | - Kundan Kumar Chaubey
- Division of Research and Innovation, School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, P.O. Chandanwari, Premnagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand 248007 India
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Sanskriti University, Mathura, UP 281401 India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Biological and Bio-Computational Lab, Department of Life Science, Sharda School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, UP 201310 India
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Yu CC, Chang CH, Fang JK, Huang SK, Tseng WH, Lee HY, Yeh HC, Chen IHA, Lin JT, Chen PC, Cheong IS, Hsueh TY, Jiang YH, Lee YK, Chen WC, Lo SH, Lin PH, Wang SS, Huang CY, Wu CC, Tseng JS, Wu SY, Tsai YC. Impact of pathological response on oncological outcomes in patients with upper tract urothelial cancer receiving neo-adjuvant chemotherapy. J Formos Med Assoc 2023; 122:1274-1281. [PMID: 37400294 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2023.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rates of pathological complete response (ypT0N0/X) and pathological response (ypT1N0/X or less) in patients with upper tract urothelial cancer who were treated with neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and to examine their impact on oncological outcomes. METHODS This study is a multi-institutional retrospective analysis of patients with high-risk upper tract urothelial cancer who underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical nephroureterectomy between 2002 and 2021. Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate all clinical parameters for response after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Cox proportional hazard models were performed to assess the effect of the response on the oncological outcomes. RESULTS A total of 84 patients with UTUC who received neo-adjuvant chemotherapy were identified. Among them, 44 (52.4%) patients received cisplatin-based chemotherapy, and 22 (26.2%) patients had a carboplatin-based regimen. The pathological complete response rate was 11.6% (n = 10), and the pathological response rate was 42.9% (n = 36). Multifocal tumors or tumors larger than 3 cm significantly reduced the odds of pathological response. In the multivariable Cox proportional hazard model, pathological response was independently associated with better overall survival (HR 0.38, p = 0.024), cancer-specific survival (HR 0.24, p = 0.033), and recurrence-free survival (HR 0.17, p = 0.001), but it was not associated with bladder recurrence-free survival (HR 0.84, p = 0.69). CONCLUSION Pathological response after neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and radical nephroureterectomy is strongly associated with patient survival and recurrence, and it might be a good surrogate for evaluating the efficacy of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chin Yu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsiang Chang
- Department of Urology, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kai Fang
- Department of Urology, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Steven K Huang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Taiwan; Department of Medical Science Industries, College of Health Sciences, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsin Tseng
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Ying Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - I-Hsuan Alan Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tai Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | - Pi-Che Chen
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Ian-Seng Cheong
- Department of Urology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chiayi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Thomas Y Hsueh
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Hong Jiang
- Department of Urology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Khun Lee
- Department of Urology, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chieh Chen
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsiu Lo
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hung Lin
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shian-Shiang Wang
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chi Nan University, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Yuan Huang
- Department of Urology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chang Wu
- Department of Urology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Shu Tseng
- Department of Urology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Mackay Medical College, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Yu Wu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chou Tsai
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, The Buddhist Medical Foundation, New Taipei City, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
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Abstract
Influenza vaccine effectively reduced risks for in-hospital death or hospitalization, regardless of statin use. Debates on whether statin use reduces the effectiveness of influenza vaccines against critical illness and death among persons >65 years of age continue. We conducted a study of 9,427,392 persons >65 years of age who did and did not receive influenza vaccinations during 12 consecutive influenza seasons, 2000–01 through 2011–12. Using data from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance Research Database, we performed propensity score-matching to compare vaccinated persons with unvaccinated controls. After propensity score-matching, the vaccinated group had lower risks for in-hospital death from influenza and pneumonia and for hospitalization for pneumonia and influenza, circulatory conditions, and critical illnesses compared with the unvaccinated group. We stratified the 2 groups by statin use and analyzed data by interaction analysis and saw no statistically significant difference. We found that influenza vaccine effectively reduced risks for hospitalization and death in persons >65 years of age, regardless of statin use.
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Chiang CL, Lee SF, Lee VW, Yeung CS, Cheung SK, Poon MC, Foo DC, Lo SH, Lam KO, Lee FA, Wong FC, Chan MK. Toxicity outcome of endorectal brachytherapy boost in medically inoperable patients. Strahlenther Onkol 2020; 196:993-997. [PMID: 32313964 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-020-01612-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM This communication reviews results and toxicity of image-guided high-dose-rate endorectal brachytherapy (HDREBT) boost after external beam radiotherapy (ERT) in medically inoperable patients with rectal cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 18 patients with rectal cancer and clinical stage T2-4N0‑2 treated with HDREBT boost after ERT were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS Following treatment with a median total dose (EQD2, α/β = 10) of 66 Gy (range 48-92 Gy), the incidence of early and late rectal grade 3 toxicity was 11% and 19%, respectively. There was no correlation between the occurrence of acute and late toxicity. CONCLUSION With proper technique, a combined approach using EBRT and HDREBT was associated with acceptable toxicity in medically inoperable rectal cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Chiang
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | - S F Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Venus Wy Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cynthia Sy Yeung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Steven Kt Cheung
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | | | - Dominic Cc Foo
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - S H Lo
- Department of Surgery, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - K O Lam
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Francis As Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Frank Cs Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mark Kh Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong, China
- Clinic for Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
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Chan W, Nyaw JSF, Tin WWY, Lee EKC, Lo SH, Liu ACH, Wong FCS. Risk of Radiation Pneumonitis after Post-lobectomy Thoracic Radiotherapy for Non-small-cell Lung Cancer. Hong Kong Journal of Radiology 2020. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr2017084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- W Chan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - JSF Nyaw
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - WWY Tin
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - EKC Lee
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - SH Lo
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - ACH Liu
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
| | - FCS Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong
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Lo SH, Chen YA, Yao CF, Liao YF, Chen YR. Is skeletal stability after bimaxillary surgery for skeletal class III deformity related to surgical occlusal contact? Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 48:1329-1336. [PMID: 30954332 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2019.03.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A stable occlusion at the time of surgery is considered important for post-surgical stability after orthognathic surgery. The aim of this study was to determine whether skeletal stability after bimaxillary surgery using a surgery-first approach for skeletal class III deformity is related to the surgical occlusal contact or surgical change. Forty-two adult patients with a skeletal class III deformity corrected by Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split osteotomy with a surgery-first approach were studied. Dental models were set and used to measure the surgical occlusal contact, including contact distribution, contact number, and contact area. Cone beam computed tomography was used to measure the surgical change (amount and rotation) and post-surgical skeletal stability. The relationship between skeletal stability and surgical occlusal contact or surgical change was evaluated. No relationship was found between maxillary or mandibular stability and surgical occlusal contact. However, a significant relationship was found between maxillary and mandibular stability and the amount and rotation of surgical change. The results suggest that in the surgical-orthodontic correction of skeletal class III deformity with a surgery-first approach, the post-surgical skeletal stability is not related to the surgical occlusal contact but is related to the surgical change.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lo
- Department of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Y-A Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Craniofacial Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Craniofacial Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - C-F Yao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Craniofacial Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Craniofacial Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Y-F Liao
- Graduate Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Craniofacial Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Craniofacial Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Department of Craniofacial Orthodontics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Y-R Chen
- Graduate Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; Craniofacial Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Craniofacial Research Centre, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
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Wong SY, Lo SH, Chan CH, Chui HS, Sze WK, Tung Y. Is it feasible to discuss an advance directive with a Chinese patient with advanced malignancy? A prospective cohort study. Hong Kong Med J 2012; 18:178-185. [PMID: 22665680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Advance directives have been implemented for years in western countries, but the concept is new to Asian cultures. According to traditional Chinese culture, family members usually play a decisive role in a patient's treatment plan. Thus it may be hard to implement an advance directive despite its importance to the treatment of patients. The objectives of this study were to assess the feasibility of advance directive engagement and to explore significant contributing factors to achieving such a goal. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING Palliative Care Unit of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong. PATIENTS The subjects of the investigation were adult patients diagnosed to have advanced malignancy and newly referred to the hospice service from 24 April 2009 to 30 July 2009. Data were collected from nursing assessment forms, locally designed advance directive forms, a checklist completed by oncologists, and details available in the electronic hospital record. RESULTS Of the 191 eligible patients, 120 (63%) had the advance directive, whereas 71 (37%) did not. In the Cox regression model, the patient having insight of a poor prognosis was the most significant factor facilitating advance directive engagement (P=0.001). Any family objection in the discussion of advance directives was also an important factor, though it did not reach statistical significance (P=0.082). Other factors like age, gender, education, religion, financial status, living environment, understanding the diagnosis, bereavement experience, type of cancer, nature of illness, courses of chemotherapy or radiotherapy received, main caregiver, in-house supporter, nurse-led clinic attendance, clinical psychologist consultation, and in-patient hospice nurse coordinator interview were all statistically insignificant. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated that it was feasible to discuss an advance directive with Chinese patients with advanced malignancy. When patients have insight about their poor prognosis and family members have no objection, it may be appropriate to discuss an advance directive.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
Our previous study revealed that the coefficient of variation of harmonic magnitude (HCV) of radial arterial pulse was significantly raised before the death of cancer patients. In this study, we recorded the caudate arterial pulse of 24 Sprague-Dawley rats that had a fatal dose of urethane injected into their abdomens. Twenty rats were dead within 3 hours after the injection and four survived. We defined the last 100 minutes of each rat's life as the dying process. During the dying process, we found that both the systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure dropped steeply during the last 5 minutes. However, all HCVs, except HCV1, climbed steeply before the last 5 minutes. The HCV1 of the dying rats was significantly higher than that of rats that survived, starting from the first minute (P<0.01). The HCV2 of the dying rats was significantly higher than that of the survived rats starting from the 52nd minute (P<0.05). The HCV3 and HCV4 of the dying rats were significantly higher than those of the survived rats until the 70th minute and the 80th minute, respectively (P<0.05). Furthermore, HCV2–HCV4 proceeded with the dying process and increased gradually. We concluded that HCVs, which failed first in the high-frequency components and then in the low-frequency components, could provide physicians with earlier information to prevent the coming failure of circulatory system, and could reflect quantitatively pathological severity and predict patient outcome. The specific Fourier components in the pulse provide more physiological information than systolic and diastolic blood pressures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Kuo
- Department of Electric Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Ngai CW, Lam MF, Lo SH, Cheung CW, Chan WM. Use of Doppler ultrasound renal resistive index and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin in prediction of acute kidney injury in patients with septic shock. Crit Care 2011. [PMCID: PMC3061738 DOI: 10.1186/cc9528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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11
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Wong FCS, Lee TW, Yuen KK, Lo SH, Sze WK, Tung SY. Intercostal nerve blockade for cancer pain: effectiveness and selection of patients. Hong Kong Med J 2007; 13:266-70. [PMID: 17664531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review treatment results of intercostal nerve blockade at our centre and those reported in the literature, and to determine which patients benefit most from this procedure. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Regional palliative care centre in a regional hospital in Hong Kong. PATIENTS Oncology patients who had intercostal nerve blockade at Tuen Mun Hospital from 1995 to 2005 were divided into three groups: (1) those who appeared not to tolerate opioids; (2) those deemed to have inadequate pain control, despite high doses of analgesics; and (3) those referred to avoid early use of high-dose opioids and tolerance. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The effectiveness and complications of intercostal nerve blockade, and the extent of benefit derived from intercostal nerve blockade in different patient groups. RESULTS This study found that 80% of the 25 patients noted optimal local pain control and 56% experienced reduction in analgesic use after intercostal nerve blockade. About 32% did not notice recurrence of the targeted pain till the end of their lives. None of the patients developed pneumothorax. Most benefit from intercostal nerve blocks were derived by group 2 patients, 90% of whom obtained optimal local pain control (P=0.23) and enjoyed a significant reduction in analgesics use (P=0.019), and in 40% their target pain was controlled till the end of life. Only about one third of group 3 patients had subsequent reduction in use of analgesics, mainly because they had co-existing pain other than at the target selected for treatment. Half (50%) of group 1 patients achieved optimal pain control. CONCLUSION Our treatment results from intercostal nerve blockade are comparable to those reported in the literature. The procedure is safe if closely monitored. Good selection of cases is important for optimising the therapeutic gain. The largest benefit is obtained in patients who have inadequate pain control after high-dose morphine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank C S Wong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Tuen Mun Hospital, Tuen Mun, Hong Kong.
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopic removal of large sessile polyps is sometimes technically difficult and is associated with an increased risk of complications. Moreover, the incidence of invasive carcinoma within these polyps is not negligible. Laparoscopic colorectal resection has been recommended in the treatment of these large polyps. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of laparoscopic colorectal resection for polyps that were not suitable for colonoscopic removal. METHODS Forty-five patients (28 men and 17 women) who underwent laparoscopic colorectal resection with the preoperative diagnosis of colorectal polyps were analyzed. The reasons for surgical resection were large sessile polyps (n = 34), difficult position (n = 2), recurrence after transanal endoscopic microsurgery (n = 1), and the presence of intramucosal malignancy on histology after colonoscopic polypectomy (n = 8). RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 66.7 years (range, 33-89). Previous abdominal operation had been performed in 12 patients (26.7%). Two patients underwent subtotal colectomy because of multiple polyps (14 and 19, respectively). Synchronous resection of other organs was performed in two patients (a right salpingo-oophorectomy and a right adrenalectomy). Intraoperative complications occurred in two patients, and two patients (4.5%) required conversion because of perforation of the colon during dissection and dense adhesions, respectively. There was no postoperative mortality. Complications occurred in seven patients (15.6%), and they included postoperative ileus (n = 4), anastomotic leakage (n = 1), urinary retention (n = 1), and urinary tract infection (n = 1). Reoperation was required in one patient for anastomotic leakage. The median hospital stay was 6 days. The histopathology of colorectal polyps showed tubular (n = 12), tubulovillous (n = 13), and villous adenoma (n = 12); mixed adenomatous/hyperolastic polyps (n = 2); inflammatory polyp (n = 1); and colonic lipoma (n = 1). Four patients, who had previous polypectoray with intramucosal malignancy, had no residual pathology. The median size was 3.0 cm. Invasive carcinoma was found in 16 patients (35.6%). The median number of lymph node sampling was six, and two patients had lymph node metastases. CONCLUSIONS Colonic polyps that were not amendable for colonoscopic removal were associated with a high incidence of malignant invasion. Laparoscopic colectomy offers safe and effective management of these polyps with the benefits of early postoperative recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lo
- Department of Surgery, University of Hong Kong Medical Centre Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong
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13
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Tung CJ, Wang HC, Lo SH, Wu JM, Wang CJ. In vivo dosimetry for external photon treatments of head and neck cancers by diodes and TLDS. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2004; 111:45-50. [PMID: 15367767 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/nch358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
In vivo dosimetry was implemented for treatments of head and neck cancers in the large fields. Diode and thermoluminescence dosemeter (TLD) measurements were carried out for the linear accelerators of 6 MV photon beams. ESTRO in vivo dosimetry protocols were followed in the determination of midline doses from measurements of entrance and exit doses. Of the fields monitored by diodes, the maximum absolute deviation of measured midline doses from planned target doses was 8%, with the mean value and the standard deviation of -1.0 and 2.7%. If planned target doses were calculated using radiological water equivalent thicknesses rather than patient geometric thicknesses, the maximum absolute deviation dropped to 4%, with the mean and the standard deviation of 0.7 and 1.8%. For in vivo dosimetry monitored by TLDs, the shift in mean dose remained small but the statistical precision became poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Tung
- Department of Nuclear Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
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14
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) has a high risk for local and distal failure. Multimodal management of a patient with alveolar RMS of the cervix uteri is outlined. CASE A 39-year-old woman suffered from alveolar RMS of the cervix without involvement of uterus and parametrium. She was treated with total hysterectomy and left salpingo-oophorectomy. Systemic chemotherapy and pelvic irradiation were also offered. She remains in clinical remission 3 years after presentation. CONCLUSION Postoperative chemotherapy and irradiation could be effective treatments for alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma of the cervix in adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Ng
- Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong.
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15
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Mun SK, Horii S, Benson HR, Lo SH, Haynor D, Sarrinen A, Kim Y, Loop J, Greberman M, Allman R. Experience with image management networks at three universities: is the cup half-empty or half-full? 1989. J Digit Imaging 2003; 16:115-22; discussion 114. [PMID: 12945820 PMCID: PMC3045119 DOI: 10.1007/s10278-002-6024-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
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16
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Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. Angiogenesis is commonly quantified by measuring microvessel density (MVD) within tumors. In this report, we compared light microscopy with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of angiogenesis. MVDs were determined manually in a lung tumor xenograft and a normal skeletal muscle using CD31 immunohistochemical staining and light microscopy. Area of three-dimensional representation of microvessels, detected as CD31 immunofluorescence, was measured automatically using computer-assisted CLSM. By manual counting under light microscopy, the relative level of MVD of the lung tumor vs. skeletal muscle was 0.8. However, the corresponding relative level of microvessels was 3.4 as determined by computer-assisted CLSM. Furthermore, the architecture of microvessels was better delineated with CLSM than with light microscopy. We have applied this CLSM method for analyzing the antiangiogenic effect of an anticancer drug, paclitaxel, in the lung tumor xenograft model. We conclude that CLSM is an appropriate method for quantitative and qualitative analysis of microvasculature in normal and tumor tissues.
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MESH Headings
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Capillaries/ultrastructure
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/blood supply
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/pathology
- Humans
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
- Lung Neoplasms/blood supply
- Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Mice
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Muscle, Skeletal/blood supply
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Neovascularization, Physiologic/drug effects
- Paclitaxel/pharmacology
- Paclitaxel/therapeutic use
- Platelet Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecule-1/analysis
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- L Guo
- University of California, Davis Cancer Center, Sacramento, California, USA
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17
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Zhou D, Au FTK, Lo SH, Cheung YK. Three-dimensional vibration analysis of a torus with circular cross section. J Acoust Soc Am 2002; 112:2831-2839. [PMID: 12509004 DOI: 10.1121/1.1509429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The free vibration characteristics of a torus with a circular cross section are studied by using the three-dimensional, small-strain, elasticity theory. A set of three-dimensional orthogonal coordinates system, comprising the polar coordinate (r, theta) at each circular cross section and the circumferential coordinate phi around the ring, is developed. Each of the displacement components u(r), v(theta), and w(phi) in the r, theta, and phi directions, respectively, is taken as a product of the Chebyshev polynomials in the r direction and the trigonometric functions in the theta and phi directions. Eigenfrequencies and vibration mode shapes have been obtained via a three-dimensional displacement-based extremum energy principle. Upper bound convergence of the first seven eigenfrequencies accurate to at least six significant figures is obtained by using only a few terms of the admissible functions. The eigenfrequency responses due to variation of the ratio of the radius of the ring centroidal axis to the cross-sectional radius are investigated in detail. Very accurate eigenfrequencies and deformed mode shapes of the three-dimensional vibration are presented. All major modes such as flexural thickness-shear modes, in-plane stretching modes, and torsional modes are included in the analysis. The results may serve as a benchmark reference for validating other computational techniques for the problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zhou
- Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
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18
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Abstract
Regulatory networks provide control over complex cell behavior in all kingdoms of life. Here we describe a statistical model, based on representing proteins as collections of domains or motifs, which predicts unknown molecular interactions within these biological networks. Using known protein-protein interactions of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as training data, we were able to predict the links within this network with only 7% false-negative and 10% false-positive error rates. We also use Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation for the prediction of networks with maximum probability under our model. This model can be applied across species, where interaction data from one (or several) species can be used to infer interactions in another. In addition, the model is extensible and can be analogously applied to other molecular data (e.g., DNA sequences).
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Gomez
- Columbia Genome Center, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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19
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Abstract
Regeneration of skeletal muscle requires the activation, proliferation, differentiation and fusion of satellite cells to generate new muscle fibres. This study was designed to determine the role of tensin in this process. Cardiotoxin was used to induce regeneration in the anterior tibial muscles of tensin-knockout and wild-type mice. From histological analysis, we found that the regeneration process lasted longer in knockout than in wild-type mice. To investigate the mechanism involved in this delay, we examined each regeneration step in animals and cultured primary cells. We found fewer proliferating myogenic cells identified by bromodeoxyuridine and desmin double labelling in knockout mice on the first 2 days after injury. Expression of myosin, paxillin, dystrophin and dystrophin-associated proteins were delayed in knockout mice. Withdrawal from the cell cycle was less efficient in isolated knockout myoblasts, and the fusion capacity was reduced in these cells as well. These defects in regeneration most likely contributed to the 9-fold increase of centrally nucleated fibres occurring in the non-injected knockout mice. Our results demonstrated clearly that tensin plays a role in skeletal-muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ishii
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of California-Davis, 4635 Second Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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20
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Abstract
The International Atomic Energy Agency has recommended guidance levels of dose for diagnostic radiography for a typical adult patient. These levels were intended to act as thresholds to trigger investigations or corrective actions in ensuring optimized protection of patients and maintaining appropriate levels of good practice. Since guidance levels should be derived from wide scale surveys of exposure factors performed in individual hospitals, a national survey was conducted recently in Taiwan to collect these factors for the most frequent radiographic procedures. A total of 276 completed questionnaires were received and analyzed. In the questionnaire, respondents were asked to check those projections that were routinely performed in their department and to report machine data, patient data, output measurements, and technical factors including kVp, mAs, focus-to-film distance, table-to-film distance, aluminum filtration, and focal spot size. Based on the survey data, entrance skin exposures in air, i.e., free air exposures at the point of intersection of the x-ray central beam with the entrance surface of the patient, were estimated using the RADCOMP program. Entrance surface doses to air and tissue with backscatter were then evaluated by the application of the exposure-dose conversion factor and the backscatter factor obtained from TLD measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. Guidance levels were determined from survey results on the entrance surface dose based on optimization considerations involving the cost-effectiveness analysis. Except for chest PA and LAT and skull LAT procedures, all guidance levels derived in this work are less than those recommended by the International Atomic Energy Agency. Survey data and guidance levels were provided to the national authorities to help them develop quality control and radiation protection programs for medical exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Tung
- Department of Nuclear Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
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21
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Abstract
It is well known that the baroreflex activity decreases with aging. However, the mechanisms of this change are still not clear. Thus, we investigated one of the parameters to see whether aging alters gene expression of muscarinic receptors in the heart of Wistar rat aged between 2 months (adult) and 24 months (aged). The mRNA level determination by Northern blot analysis for muscarinic M2 cholinoceptors in aged rat was decreased as compared to that in 2-month-old rats. Quantification of receptor protein using selective antibodies indicated that the level of muscarinic M2 cholinoceptor in the heart of 24-month-old rats was lower than that in 2-month-old animals. These results indicate the decrease of muscarinic M2 cholinoceptor in heart with aging that may contribute as one of the parameters for dysfunction in baroreflex activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lo
- Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Municipal Chung-Hsin Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
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22
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Chen H, Ishii A, Wong WK, Chen LB, Lo SH. Molecular characterization of human tensin. Biochem J 2000; 351 Pt 2:403-11. [PMID: 11023826 PMCID: PMC1221376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Tensin is a focal-adhesion molecule that binds to actin filaments and interacts with phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. To analyse tensin's function in mammals, we have cloned tensin cDNAs from human and cow. The isolated approx. 7.7-kb human cDNA contains an open reading frame encoding 1735 amino acid residues. The amino acid sequence of human tensin shares 60% identity with chicken tensin, and contains all the structural features described previously in chicken tensin. This includes the actin-binding domains, the Src homology domain 2, and the region similar to a tumour suppressor, PTEN. Two major differences between human and chicken tensin are (i) the lack of the first 54 residues present in chicken tensin, and (ii) the addition of 34- and 38-residue inserts in human and bovine tensin. In addition, our interspecies sequencing data have uncovered the presence of a glutamine/CAG repeat that appears to have expanded in the course of evolution. Northern-blot analysis reveals a 10-kb message in most of the human tissues examined. An additional 9-kb message is detected in heart and skeletal muscles. The molecular mass predicted from the human cDNA is 185 kDa, although both endogenous and recombinant human tensin migrate as 220-kDa proteins on SDS/PAGE. The discrepancy is due to the unusually low electrophoretic mobility of the central region of the tensin polypeptide (residues 306-981). A survey of human prostate and breast cancer cell lines by Western-blot analysis shows a lack of tensin expression in most cancer cell lines, whereas these lines express considerable amounts of focal-adhesion molecules such as talin and focal-adhesion kinase. Finally, tensin is rapidly cleaved by a focal-adhesion protease, calpain II. Incubation of cells with a calpain inhibitor, MDL, prevented tensin cleavage and induced morphological change in these cells, suggesting that cleavage of tensin and other focal-adhesion constituents by calpain disrupts maintenance of normal cell shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Chen
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The University of California-Davis, 4635 Second Avenue, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
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23
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Huang HC, Lo SH, Lee SS. Aortic regurgitation detected with Doppler echocardiography in apparently healthy adolescents. J Formos Med Assoc 1999; 98:668-71. [PMID: 10575835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we sought to determine the prevalence and characteristics of aortic regurgitation (AR) in apparently healthy adolescent students. A total of 315 healthy junior high school students underwent echocardiographic examination. There were 158 boys and 157 girls, with a mean +/- standard deviation age of 13.3 +/- 0.9 years (range, 13-15 yr). AR was found in six (2%) students. Five of the six (83%) with AR had minimally thickened aortic valves: three (50%) had a thickened right coronary cusp and four (67%) had a thickened noncoronary cusp, but none had a thickened left coronary cusp. The AR was mild in five (83%) students and moderate in one (17%). Two of the six students had aortic valve prolapse, both of whom had minimal thickening. One student with AR did not have any abnormal structural changes, and one had aortic root dilatation. No cardiac chamber dilatation was noted in students with AR. These findings indicate a relatively high prevalence of AR in apparently healthy adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Municipal Yang-Ming Hospital, Taiwan
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24
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Tikoo A, Cutler H, Lo SH, Chen LB, Maruta H. Treatment of Ras-induced cancers by the F-actin cappers tensin and chaetoglobosin K, in combination with the caspase-1 inhibitor N1445. Cancer J Sci Am 1999; 5:293-300. [PMID: 10526670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED For transforming normal fibroblasts to malignant cells, oncogenic Ras mutants such as v-Ha-ras require Rho family GTPases (Rho, Rac, and CDC42) that are responsible for controlling actin-cytoskeleton organization. Ras activates Rac through a PI-3 kinase-mediated pathway. Rac causes uncapping of actin filaments (F-actin) at the plus-ends, through phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2), and eventually induces membrane ruffling. Several distinct F-actin/PIP2-binding proteins, such as gelsolin, which severs and caps the plus-ends of actin filaments, or HS1, which cross-links actin filaments, have been shown to suppress v-Ha-Ras-induced malignant transformation when they are overexpressed. Interestingly, an F-actin cross-linking drug (photosensitizer) called MKT-077 suppresses Ras transformation. Thus, an F-actin capping/severing drug might also have an anticancer potential. PURPOSE This study was conducted to determine first whether Ras-induced malignant phenotype (anchorage-independent growth) is suppressed by overexpression of the gene encoding a large plus-end F-actin capping protein called tensin and second to test the anti-Ras potential of a unique fungal antibiotic (small compound) called chaetoglobosin K (CK) that also caps the plus-ends of actin filaments. METHODS AND RESULTS DNA transfection with a retroviral vector carrying the tensin cDNA was used to overexpress tensin in v-Ha-Ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells. All stable tensin transfectants rarely formed colonies in soft agar, indicating that tensin suppresses the anchorage-independent growth. The anti-Ras action of CK was determined by incubating the Ras-transformants in the presence of CK in soft agar. Two microM CK almost completely inhibited their colony formation, indicating that CK also suppresses the malignant phenotype. However, unlike tensin, CK causes an apoptosis of Ras-transformed NIH 3T3 cells and, less effectively, of normal NIH 3T3 cells, indicating that CK has an F-actin capping-independent side effect(s). CK-induced apoptosis is at least in part caused by CK-induced inhibition of the kinase PKB/AKT. However, a specific ICE/caspase-1 inhibitor called N1445 completely abolished the CK-induced apoptosis by reactivating PKB, but without affecting the CK-induced suppression of Ras transformation. CONCLUSIONS Like the F-actin cross-linking drug MKT-077, the F-actin capping drug CK may be useful for the treatment of Ras-associated cancers if it is combined with the ICE inhibitor N1445, which abolishes the side effect of CK. Our observations that two distinct F-actin capping molecules (i.e., tensin and CK) suppress Ras-induced malignant phenotype strongly suggest, if not prove, that capping of actin filaments at the plus-ends alone is sufficient to block one of the Ras signaling pathways essential for its oncogenicity. This notion is compatible with the fact that Ras induces the uncapping of actin filaments at the plus-ends through the Rac/PIP2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tikoo
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Australia
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25
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Abstract
We report the results of treatment in a 26-year old patient with stage IB2 small cell carcinoma of the cervix complicated by pregnancy. A pathological complete remission was achieved following sandwich chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The patient remains in clinical remission 14 months after presentation.
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Cheng SH, Chu FY, Lo SH, Lu JJ. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Clostridium difficile by E test. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 1999; 32:116-20. [PMID: 11561576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro inhibitory activity of 11 antimicrobials against 44 clinical isolates of Clostridium difficile was investigated. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined using E test. Metronidazole (MIC90 0.38 microg/mL), teicoplanin (MIC90 0.75 microg/mL) and vancomycin (MIC90 1.0 microg/mL) were very active against the isolates examined, whereas, resistance to imipenem, cefoxitin, clindamycin and ciprofloxacin was found in most of the tested strains. We concluded that teicoplanin warrants clinical trials to determine its adequate dosage to treat C. difficile infection. The commonly used regimens to treat intra-abdominal and/or anaerobic infections (eg. imipenem, cefoxitin, clindamycin or ciprofloxacin) need special attention, while considering the side effects of C. difficile-associated diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Cheng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Provincial Taoyuan General Hospital, Taiwan, ROC
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27
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Lo SS, Lo SH, Wang SC, Hung MC. Inhibition of focal contact formation in cells transformed by p185neu. Mol Carcinog 1999; 25:150-4. [PMID: 10365917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Signaling pathways mediated by adhesive molecules are tightly associated with cytoskeletal organization and cell growth regulation. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) plays a prominent role in the adhesion signaling pathway through its tyrosine kinase activity and protein-protein interaction with other signaling molecules, including src, paxillin, and p130CAS, and other proteins. We explored the roles of these signaling molecules in the transformation of B104-1-1 cells, an NIH/3T3-derived cell line transformed by activated rat p185neu. The cytoskeletal organization of the p185neu-transformed cells was disrupted, and their morphology was dramatically altered. FAK, paxillin, and p130CAS appeared to be tyrosine phosphorylated in both NIH/3T3 and B104-1-1. However, the phosphorylation levels of paxillin and p130CAS were lower in B104-1-1 cells than in NIH/3T3 cells. Surprisingly, the association between FAK and paxillin was enhanced in B104-1-1 cells, suggesting reorganization of protein-protein interaction modulated by protein phosphorylation. Our results showed that even though cellular transformation by src and neu has similar consequences, such as focal adhesion disassembly and increased metastasis potential, the molecular events underlying the signaling pathways can be dramatically different.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Lo
- Division of General Surgery Veterans General Hospital-Taipei and National Yang Ming University, Taiwan
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lo
- Laguna Honda Hospital, San Francisco, CA 94116, USA
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29
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Shane E, Rodino MA, McMahon DJ, Addesso V, Staron RB, Seibel MJ, Mancini D, Michler RE, Lo SH. Prevention of bone loss after heart transplantation with antiresorptive therapy: a pilot study. J Heart Lung Transplant 1998; 17:1089-96. [PMID: 9855448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heart transplantation, with its attendant glucocorticoid and cyclosporine therapy, has deleterious effects on the skeleton. We have previously reported rapid bone loss and high fracture rates (36% of patients) during the first year after heart transplantation. The bone loss was accompanied by declines in serum 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and osteocalcin levels and increased urinary excretion of markers of bone resorption (hydroxyproline, pyridinoline, and deoxypyridinoline). We therefore investigated whether bone loss could be prevented by bisphosphonates, agents that inhibit bone resorption. METHODS Serial measurements of bone mineral density (BMD) and biochemical indexes of mineral metabolism were compared in 18 group A patients who received a single intravenous infusion of pamidronate (60 mg) within 2 weeks of heart transplantation, followed by 4 cycles of oral etidronate (400 mg daily for 14 days every 3 months) and oral calcitriol 0.25 microg daily, to those of 52 patients who previously underwent transplantation (group B) who did not receive antiresorptive therapy. Both groups received elemental calcium 1000 mg and vitamin D 400 IU daily. RESULTS At 12 months after transplantation, there was virtually no lumbar spine bone loss in group A patients, whereas lumbar spine BMD had declined significantly in group B patients (0.2% +/- 0.9% vs 6.8% +/- 1.0%, respectively; P < .0001). Similarly, femoral neck BMD fell by 10.6% +/- 1.1% in group B patients and by only 2.7% +/- 1.4% in group A patients (P < .0001). Three incident vertebral fractures occurred in two group A patients, whereas 17 group B patients sustained 30 incident vertebral fractures, one hip fracture and three episodes of rib fractures (P < .02; test of proportions). With respect to markers of bone resorption, urinary deoxypyridinoline fell by 51% +/- 9% in group A patients and increased by 65% +/- 22% in group B patients by 3 months after transplantation (P < .0001). CONCLUSION In summary, heart transplant recipients treated with bisphosphonates and replacement doses of calcitriol sustained less bone loss and fewer fractures than those treated with calcium and vitamin D. We conclude that bisphosphonate therapy, in conjunction with calcitriol, shows promise for prevention of transplantation-related osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shane
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Au LC, Yang FY, Yang WJ, Lo SH, Kao CF. Gene synthesis by a LCR-based approach: high-level production of leptin-L54 using synthetic gene in Escherichia coli. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1998; 248:200-3. [PMID: 9675111 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.1998.8929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic genes are very useful in genetic and protein engineering. Here we propose a general method for construction of synthetic genes. Short oligonucleotides are joined through ligase chain reaction (LCR) in high stringency conditions to make "unit fragments" which are then fused to form a full-length gene sequence by polymerase chain reaction. The procedure is simple and accurate and does not place constraints on sequence and length. In this report, a recombinant leptin gene was synthesized according to the codon preference of Escherichia coli. Besides, a substitution of the only Met at position 54 for Leu and an addition of a Met at the N-terminus were introduced in the synthetic gene. The gene was cloned in the pQE-31 expression vector and was expressed in E. coli. A large amount of recombinant leptin containing 6 x His tag was produced and purified by Ni-NTA affinity column. Finally, intact leptin-L54 was released after removing the tag by CNBr cleavage at the Met residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Au
- Department of Medical Research, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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31
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Gershon AA, Mervish N, LaRussa P, Steinberg S, Lo SH, Hodes D, Fikrig S, Bonagura V, Bakshi S. Varicella-zoster virus infection in children with underlying human immunodeficiency virus infection. J Infect Dis 1997; 176:1496-500. [PMID: 9395360 DOI: 10.1086/514147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This article describes a prospective longitudinal study of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected children, designed to determine their natural history of VZV infection and possible effects of VZV on the progression of HIV infection. Varicella was usually not a serious acute problem, and it did not seem to precede clinical deterioration. The rate of zoster was high: 70% in children with low levels of CD4+ lymphocytes at the time of development of varicella. It is predicted that immunization with live attenuated varicella vaccine is unlikely to be deleterious to HIV-infected children. Moreover, if they are immunized when they still have relatively normal levels of CD4+ lymphocytes, they may have a lower rate of reactivation of VZV than if they were allowed to develop natural varicella when their CD4+ cell counts have fallen to low levels as a result of progressive HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Gershon
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians & Surgeons, and Mt. Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
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32
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Fuchs E, Dowling J, Segre J, Lo SH, Yu QC. Integrators of epidermal growth and differentiation: distinct functions for beta 1 and beta 4 integrins. Curr Opin Genet Dev 1997; 7:672-82. [PMID: 9388785 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-437x(97)80016-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian epithelia are critically dependent on interactions with components in the underlying basal lamina for proper morphogenesis and function. Substratum attachment is essential for survival, proliferation, movement, and differentiation; detachment compromises the cell's ability to perform these functions, often resulting in human disease. Interactions with the extracellular matrix are mediated through transmembrane integrin receptors that transmit signals to the cytoskeleton and to signaling molecules within the proliferating cells of the epithelium. In the past year, novel insights have emerged regarding the specific role of integrins in their attachment to extracellular matrix and in their signal transduction pathways within the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Fuchs
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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33
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Shane E, Rivas M, McMahon DJ, Staron RB, Silverberg SJ, Seibel MJ, Mancini D, Michler RE, Aaronson K, Addesso V, Lo SH. Bone loss and turnover after cardiac transplantation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82:1497-506. [PMID: 9141540 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.82.5.3940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac transplantation is associated with increased prevalence and incidence of fracture, and rapid bone loss has been reported during the first posttransplant year. To define further the pattern and etiology of bone loss after cardiac transplantation, we enrolled 70 patients (52 men and 18 women) in a prospective 3-yr study. Bone densitometry (BMD) and biochemical indexes of mineral metabolism were performed before and at defined times after transplantation. Despite supplementation with elemental calcium (1000 mg/day) and vitamin D (400 IU/day), the mean rate of bone loss during the first year was 7.3 +/- 0.9% (+/- SEM) at the lumbar spine and 10.5 +/- 1.1% at the femoral neck. The rate of bone loss slowed (P < 0.001 compared to year 1) at both sites (0.9 +/- 0.9% and 0.1 +/- 1.0%, respectively) during the second year. During the third year, lumbar spine BMD increased at a rate of 2.4 +/- 0.8%/yr (P < 0.02 compared to year 2), but femoral neck BMD did not change. At the radius, the rate of decline in BMD was negligible during the first year (0.9 +/- 0.5%), but was significant during the second (2.1 +/- 0.6%; P < 0.01) and third (2.9 +/- 0.8%; P < 0.03) years. Evaluation of the pattern of bone loss during the first year demonstrated that mean lumbar spine BMD decreased rapidly during the first 6 months, after which there was no further decline. In contrast, femoral neck BMD continued to fall at an annualized rate of 8.2 +/- 1.3% during the second half of the year. The pattern and rates of bone loss were similar in men and women. Biochemistries revealed decreases in serum testosterone and osteocalcin and increases in all bone resorption markers 1 and 3 months after transplantation, with a return to baseline by 6 months. Higher rates of bone loss were associated with greater exposure to prednisone, lower serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites, greater suppression of osteocalcin, higher levels of bone resorption markers, and, in men, lower serum testosterone concentrations. We conclude that rapid bone loss is primarily confined to the initial year after transplantation. During the first 6 months, bone loss is accompanied by alterations in markers of bone turnover consistent with biochemical uncoupling of bone formation and resorption. Greater exposure to glucocorticoids, lower serum concentrations of vitamin D metabolites and testosterone, and higher bone turnover were associated with more rapid bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Shane
- Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York 10032, USA
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Abstract
Tensin is a focal adhesion phosphoprotein that binds to F-actin and contains a functional Src homology 2 domain. To explore the biological functions of tensin, we cloned the mouse tensin gene, determined its program of expression, and used gene targeting to generate mice lacking tensin. Even though tensin is expressed in many different tissues during embryogenesis, tensin null mice developed normally and appeared healthy postnatally for at least several months. Over time, -/- mice became frail because of abnormalities in their kidneys, an organ that expresses high levels of tensin. Mice with overt signs of weakness exhibited signs of renal failure and possessed multiple large cysts in the proximal kidney tubules, but even in tensin null mice with normal blood analysis, cysts were prevalent. Ultrastructurally, noncystic areas showed typical cell-matrix junctions that readily labeled with antibodies against other focal adhesion molecules. In abnormal regions, cell-matrix junctions were disrupted and tubule cells lacked polarity. Taken together, our data imply that, in the kidney, loss of tensin leads to a weakening, rather than a severing, of focal adhesion. All other tissues appeared normal, suggesting that, in most cases, tensin's diverse functions are redundant and may be compensated for by other focal adhesion proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lo
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Cell Biology, The University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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35
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Auger KR, Songyang Z, Lo SH, Roberts TM, Chen LB. Platelet-derived growth factor-induced formation of tensin and phosphoinositide 3-kinase complexes. J Biol Chem 1996; 271:23452-7. [PMID: 8798552 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.271.38.23452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tensin is an SH2 domain-containing cytoskeletal protein that binds to and caps actin filaments. Investigation of signal transduction mechanisms associated with tensin revealed the presence of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) activity in tensin immunoprecipitates from platelet-derived growth factor-treated cells. Association of PI 3-kinase activity with tensin was transitory, and the amount of activity was approximately 1% of the total PI 3-kinase activity found in anti-phosphotyrosine (anti-pY) immunoprecipitates. In vitro, PI 3-kinase activity associated with the SH2 domain of tensin in a platelet-derived growth factor-dependent manner. The optimal phosphopeptide binding specificity of the SH2 domain of tensin was determined to be phospho-Y (E or D), N, (I, V, or F). Synthetic phosphopeptides containing the sequence YENI could specifically block the association of PI 3-kinase activity with tensin in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that PI 3-kinase interacts with the cytoskeleton via the SH2 domain of tensin and may play an important role in platelet-derived growth factor-induced cytoskeletal reorganization that is concomitant with cell migration and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Auger
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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36
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Gershon AA, LaRussa P, Steinberg S, Mervish N, Lo SH, Meier P. The protective effect of immunologic boosting against zoster: an analysis in leukemic children who were vaccinated against chickenpox. J Infect Dis 1996; 173:450-3. [PMID: 8568309 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/173.2.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Whether reexposure of varicella-immune persons to varicella-zoster virus would protect against or predispose to development of zoster was analyzed. The rate of zoster in 511 leukemic recipients of varicella vaccine who had 1 or > 1 dose of varicella vaccine and in those who did or did not have a household exposure to varicella was determined. A Kaplan-Meier life-table analysis revealed that the incidence of zoster was lower in those given > 1 dose of vaccine (P < .05). A Cox proportional hazards analysis showed that both household exposure to varicella and receipt of > 1 dose of vaccine were highly protective (P < .01) against zoster. Thus, the risk of zoster is decreased by reexposure to varicella-zoster virus, either by vaccination or by close exposure to varicella.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Gershon
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA
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37
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Salgia R, Brunkhorst B, Pisick E, Li JL, Lo SH, Chen LB, Griffin JD. Increased tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins in myeloid cell lines expressing p210BCR/ABL. Oncogene 1995; 11:1149-55. [PMID: 7566975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The BCR/ABL oncogene causes chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) in humans and induces growth factor independence of hematopoietic cell lines in tissue culture. p210BCR/ABL is localized at least in part to the cytoskeleton, and has been shown to interact directly with actin filaments through an actin binding domain located in the C-terminus of ABL. CML cells have reduced adhesion to some extracellular matrix components but the mechanism of this phenomenon is unknown. In this study we examined tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins in cells expressing p210BCR/ABL. An interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent cell line, 32Dc13, was transformed with a BCR/ABL cDNA, and the patterns of localization, expression, and tyrosine phosphorylation of focal adhesion proteins were compared among untransformed 32Dc13 cells with and without IL-3 stimulation and BCR/ABL-transformed 32Dc13 cells. Of the focal adhesion proteins examined, only paxillin exhibited tyrosine phosphorylation in response to IL-3; while in cells transformed by p210BCR/ABL, paxillin, vinculin, p125FAK, talin and tensin were constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated. IL-3 induced a transient association between paxillin and vinculin, while in BCR/ABL-transformed cells, several proteins coimmunoprecipitated with paxillin, including vinculin, p125FAK, talin and tensin. Pseudopodia enriched in focal adhesion proteins were transiently detected in 32Dc13 cells in response to IL-3, but constitutively detected in cells expressing p210BCR/ABL. p210BCR/ABL protein was also found concentrated in punctate structures adjacent to the cell membrane in myeloid cell lines, which often contained vinculin and paxillin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- R Salgia
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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38
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Salgia R, Li JL, Lo SH, Brunkhorst B, Kansas GS, Sobhany ES, Sun Y, Pisick E, Hallek M, Ernst T. Molecular cloning of human paxillin, a focal adhesion protein phosphorylated by P210BCR/ABL. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:5039-47. [PMID: 7534286 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.10.5039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Paxillin is a 68-kDa focal adhesion protein that is phosphorylated on tyrosine residues in fibroblasts in response to transformation by v-src, treatment with platelet-derived growth factor, or cross-linking of integrins. Paxillin has been shown to have binding sites for the SH3 domain of Src and the SH2 domain of Crk in vitro and to coprecipitate with two other focal adhesion proteins, vinculin and focal adhesion kinase (p125fak). After preliminary studies showed that paxillin was a substrate for the hematopoietic oncogene p210BCR/ABL, we investigated the role of this protein in hematopoietic cell transformation and signal transduction. A full-length length cDNA encoding human paxillin was cloned, revealing multiple protein domains, including four tandem LIM domains, a proline-rich domain containing a consensus SH3 binding site, and three potential Crk-SH2 binding sites. The paxillin gene was localized to chromosome 12q24 by fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis. A chicken paxillin cDNA was also cloned and is predicted to encode a protein approximately 90% identical to human paxil-lin. Paxillin coprecipitated with p210BCR/ABL and multiple other cellular proteins in myeloid cell lines, suggesting the formation of multimeric complexes. In normal hematopoietic cells and myeloid cell lines, tyrosine phosphorylation of paxillin and coprecipitation with other cellular proteins was rapidly and transiently induced by interleukin-3 and several other hematopoietic growth factors. The predicted structure of paxillin implicates this molecule in protein-protein interactions involved in signal transduction from growth factor receptors and the BCR/ABL oncogene fusion protein to the cytoskeleton.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3 Cells
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Northern
- Blotting, Southern
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/biosynthesis
- Cells, Cultured
- Chickens
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/biosynthesis
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/genetics
- Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism
- DNA Primers
- DNA, Complementary
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Focal Adhesion Kinase 1
- Focal Adhesion Protein-Tyrosine Kinases
- Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/metabolism
- Genes, src
- Humans
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Interleukin-3/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Paxillin
- Phosphoproteins/biosynthesis
- Phosphoproteins/genetics
- Phosphoproteins/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Protein Biosynthesis
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- RNA/analysis
- RNA/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Proteins/biosynthesis
- Recombinant Proteins/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Restriction Mapping
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Skin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- R Salgia
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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39
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Abstract
Cytoskeletal proteins provide the structural foundation that allows cells to exist in a highly organized manner. Recent evidence suggests that certain cytoskeletal proteins not only maintain structural integrity, but might also be associated with signal transduction and suppression of tumorigenesis. Since the time of the discovery of tensin, a fair amount of data has been gathered which supports the notion that tensin is one such protein possessing these characteristics. In this review, we discuss recent studies that: (1) elucidate a role for tensin in maintenance of cellular structure and signal transduction; (2) implicate tensin as the anchor for actin filaments at the focal adhesion; (3) describe the phosphorylation of tensin; (4) describe potential targets for its Src homology region 2 domain; (5) describe the association between tensin and the nuclear protein p130; and (6) demonstrate that increased tensin expression in a cell line appears to reduce its transformation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lo
- Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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40
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Lo SH, An Q, Bao S, Wong WK, Liu Y, Janmey PA, Hartwig JH, Chen LB. Molecular cloning of chick cardiac muscle tensin. Full-length cDNA sequence, expression, and characterization. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:22310-9. [PMID: 8071358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we describe the molecular cloning of 7.1-kilobase cDNA encoding chick cardiac muscle tensin. It contains an open reading frame of 1,744 amino acid (aa) residues. Sequence analysis reveals that, in addition to the previously noted SH2 domain (Davis, S., Lu, M. L., Lo, S. H., Lin, S., Butler, J. A., Druker, B. J., Roberts, T. M., An, Q., and Chen, L. B. (1991) Science 252, 712-715), tensin contains virtually all of the known sequence (362 aa) of insertin, an actin-capping protein that allows actin monomer to be "inserted" (Schroer, E., and Wegner, A. (1985) Eur. J. Biochem. 153, 515-520). Moreover, tensin shares partial homology with actin (46.7% identity in 30 aa), beta-spectrin's actin-binding consensus (40% identity in 26 aa), BCR (40% identity in 25 aa), catenin alpha (35% identity in 45 aa), synapsin Ia (25.6% identity in 156 aa), IL-3 receptor (20.2% identity in 384 aa), and IL-2/EPO receptors (14% identity in 20 aa). Recombinant full-length tensin, tagged with an influenza-derived epitope, was over-expressed by a baculovirus system and purified to apparent homogeneity. It migrates as a 200-kDa protein in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, similar to the native tensin. The structure of the tensin molecule has been characterized by light scattering, electron microscopy, and gel filtration. Nine monoclonal antibodies recognizing different regions of tensin have been prepared and characterized. The epitope-tagged recombinant tensin gene was subcloned into a pRcCMV vector and transfected into NIH 3T3 cells. Immunofluorescence stainings with monoclonal antibodies specific for chick tensin (not cross-reactive with mouse tensin) showed that the expressed protein is indeed localized at focal contacts, as that of native tensin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lo
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
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41
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Abstract
Tensin, a 200-kD phosphoprotein of focal contacts, contains sequence homologies to Src (SH2 domain), and several actin-binding proteins. These features suggest that tensin may link the cell membrane to the cytoskeleton and respond directly to tyrosine kinase signalling pathways. Here we identify three distinct actin-binding domains within tensin. Recombinant tensin purified after overexpression by a baculovirus system binds to actin filaments with Kd = 0.1 microM, cross-links actin filaments at a molar ratio of 1:10 (tensin/actin), and retards actin assembly by barbed end capping with Kd = 20 nM. Tensin fragments were constructed and expressed as fusion proteins to map domains having these activities. Three regions from tensin interact with actin: two regions composed of amino acids 1 to 263 and 263 to 463, cosediment with F-actin but do not alter the kinetics of actin assembly; a region composed of amino acids 888-989, with sequence homology to insertin, retards actin polymerization. A claw-shaped tensin dimer would have six potential actin-binding sites and could embrace the ends of two actin filaments at focal contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lo
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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42
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lo
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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43
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Deutsch DG, Tombler ER, March JE, Lo SH, Adesnik M. Potentiation of the inductive effect of phenobarbital on cytochrome P450 mRNAs by cannabidiol. Biochem Pharmacol 1991; 42:2048-53. [PMID: 1741782 DOI: 10.1016/0006-2952(91)90608-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D G Deutsch
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794
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44
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Abstract
The molecular cloning of the complementary DNA coding for a 90-kilodalton fragment of tensin, an actin-binding component of focal contacts and other submembraneous cytoskeletal structures, is reported. The derived amino acid sequence revealed the presence of a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain. This domain is shared by a number of signal transduction proteins including nonreceptor tyrosine kinases such as Abl, Fps, Src, and Src family members, the transforming protein Crk, phospholipase C-gamma 1, PI-3 (phosphatidylinositol) kinase, and guanosine triphosphatase-activating protein (GAP). Like the SH2 domain found in Src, Crk, and Abl, the SH2 domain of tensin bound specifically to a number of phosphotyrosine-containing proteins from v-src-transformed cells. Tensin was also found to be phosphorylated on tyrosine residues. These findings suggest that by possessing both actin-binding and phosphotyrosine-binding activities and being itself a target for tyrosine kinases, tensin may link signal transduction pathways with the cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Davis
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115
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45
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Hsu HM, Wang YF, Lo SH, Sun HC, Yip KK, Chen JS, Chuang CH, Chen DS. Hepatitis D virus infection among intravenous drug abusers in Taiwan: analysis of risk factors and liver function tests. J Med Virol 1990; 31:76-81. [PMID: 2388047 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890310203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the prevalence of hepatitis D virus (HDV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection among intravenous drug abusers in Taiwan, a total of 761 male prisoners, including 680 intravenous drug abusers, were studied for serological markers of HBV and HDV. Questionnaires were distributed to evaluate the risk factors for HDV infection and also to estimate the strength of association among HDV infection and the risk factors. HBV infection was common, and the positive rates of HBV markers between intravenous drug abusers and non-drug abusers were not statistically different. However, the positive rate of the antibody to HDV was significantly higher among intravenous drug abusers than among non-drug abusers (21.3% vs. 8.6%). Of 131 chronic HBV carriers with intravenous drug abuse, 119 (91%) were anti-HD positive. Using multiple logistic regression models, we found that the most important risk factor for HDV infection was hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carriage, and intravenous drug addiction the next. A matched case-control study also was conducted to compare liver function tests among both anti-HD- and HBsAg-positive group anti-HD-negative, and HBs-AG-positive group as well as those with neither positive. Statistically significant difference in liver function tests was not found. It is concluded that the HBsAg carriers with intravenous drug abuse in Taiwan are commonly HDV infected with and that the infection does not seem to affect the liver as assessed by liver function tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Hsu
- Bureau of Disease Control, Department of Health, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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46
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Wong MK, Lien IN, Lo SH. [Intellectual impairment in stroke patients and functional recovery after rehabilitation]. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1982; 81:699-704. [PMID: 6958796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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