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Li J, Agathos SN, Gao Z. Editorial: Emerging trends in genetic engineering of microalgae. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2024; 12:1403711. [PMID: 38638319 PMCID: PMC11024417 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2024.1403711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Li
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Base, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao, China
| | - Spiros N. Agathos
- Qingdao Innovation and Development Base, Harbin Engineering University, Qingdao, China
- Earth & Life Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Zhengquan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Zambonino MC, Quizhpe EM, Mouheb L, Rahman A, Agathos SN, Dahoumane SA. Biogenic Selenium Nanoparticles in Biomedical Sciences: Properties, Current Trends, Novel Opportunities and Emerging Challenges in Theranostic Nanomedicine. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:424. [PMID: 36770385 PMCID: PMC9921003 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Selenium is an important dietary supplement and an essential trace element incorporated into selenoproteins with growth-modulating properties and cytotoxic mechanisms of action. However, different compounds of selenium usually possess a narrow nutritional or therapeutic window with a low degree of absorption and delicate safety margins, depending on the dose and the chemical form in which they are provided to the organism. Hence, selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are emerging as a novel therapeutic and diagnostic platform with decreased toxicity and the capacity to enhance the biological properties of Se-based compounds. Consistent with the exciting possibilities offered by nanotechnology in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases, SeNPs are useful tools in current biomedical research with exceptional benefits as potential therapeutics, with enhanced bioavailability, improved targeting, and effectiveness against oxidative stress and inflammation-mediated disorders. In view of the need for developing eco-friendly, inexpensive, simple, and high-throughput biomedical agents that can also ally with theranostic purposes and exhibit negligible side effects, biogenic SeNPs are receiving special attention. The present manuscript aims to be a reference in its kind by providing the readership with a thorough and comprehensive review that emphasizes the current, yet expanding, possibilities offered by biogenic SeNPs in the biomedical field and the promise they hold among selenium-derived products to, eventually, elicit future developments. First, the present review recalls the physiological importance of selenium as an oligo-element and introduces the unique biological, physicochemical, optoelectronic, and catalytic properties of Se nanomaterials. Then, it addresses the significance of nanosizing on pharmacological activity (pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics) and cellular interactions of SeNPs. Importantly, it discusses in detail the role of biosynthesized SeNPs as innovative theranostic agents for personalized nanomedicine-based therapies. Finally, this review explores the role of biogenic SeNPs in the ongoing context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and presents key prospects in translational nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie C. Zambonino
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Ernesto Mateo Quizhpe
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Lynda Mouheb
- Laboratoire de Recherche de Chimie Appliquée et de Génie Chimique, Hasnaoua I, Université Mouloud Mammeri, BP 17 RP, Tizi-Ouzou 15000, Algeria
| | - Ashiqur Rahman
- Center for Midstream Management and Science, Lamar University, 211 Redbird Ln., Beaumont, TX 77710, USA
| | - Spiros N. Agathos
- Earth and Life Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Si Amar Dahoumane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, C.P. 6079, Succ. Centre-Ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Université de Moncton, 18, Ave Antonine-Maillet, Moncton, NB E1A 3E9, Canada
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Díaz M, Monfort-Lanzas P, Quiroz-Moreno C, Rivadeneira E, Castillejo P, Arnau V, Díaz W, Agathos SN, Sangari FJ, Jarrín-V P, Molina CA. The microbiome of the ice-capped Cayambe Volcanic Complex in Ecuador. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1154815. [PMID: 37213502 PMCID: PMC10196084 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1154815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
A major challenge in microbial ecology is to understand the principles and processes by which microbes associate and interact in community assemblages. Microbial communities in mountain glaciers are unique as first colonizers and nutrient enrichment drivers for downstream ecosystems. However, mountain glaciers have been distinctively sensitive to climate perturbations and have suffered a severe retreat over the past 40 years, compelling us to understand glacier ecosystems before their disappearance. This is the first study in an Andean glacier in Ecuador offering insights into the relationship of physicochemical variables and altitude on the diversity and structure of bacterial communities. Our study covered extreme Andean altitudes at the Cayambe Volcanic Complex, from 4,783 to 5,583 masl. Glacier soil and ice samples were used as the source for 16S rRNA gene amplicon libraries. We found (1) effects of altitude on diversity and community structure, (2) the presence of few significantly correlated nutrients to community structure, (3) sharp differences between glacier soil and glacier ice in diversity and community structure, where, as quantified by the Shannon γ-diversity distribution, the meta-community in glacier soil showed more diversity than in glacier ice; this pattern was related to the higher variability of the physicochemical distribution of variables in the former substrate, and (4) significantly abundant genera associated with either high or low altitudes that could serve as biomarkers for studies on climate change. Our results provide the first assessment of these unexplored communities, before their potential disappearance due to glacier retreat and climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Díaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Institute of Integrative Systems Biology (ISysBio), University of Valencia and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: Magdalena Díaz,
| | - Pablo Monfort-Lanzas
- Institute of Integrative Systems Biology (ISysBio), University of Valencia and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristian Quiroz-Moreno
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Erika Rivadeneira
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Pablo Castillejo
- Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Aplicadas, Universidad Internacional SEK, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Vicente Arnau
- Institute of Integrative Systems Biology (ISysBio), University of Valencia and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Wladimiro Díaz
- Institute of Integrative Systems Biology (ISysBio), University of Valencia and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valencia, Spain
| | - Spiros N. Agathos
- Earth and Life Institute (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Félix J. Sangari
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina y Biotecnología de Cantabria (IBBTEC), CSIC – Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Pablo Jarrín-V
- Dirección de Innovación, Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad INABIO, Quito, Ecuador
| | - C. Alfonso Molina
- Instituto de Investigación en Zoonosis (CIZ), Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
- C. Alfonso Molina,
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Baltz RH, Vandamme EJ, Bennett JW, Agathos SN, Sánchez S, Osada H, Deng Z, Gonzalez R. Introduction and commentaries for the special issue: "Arnold L. Demain-A life lived". J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6440160. [PMID: 34850020 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joan W Bennett
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Spiros N Agathos
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sergio Sánchez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Hiroyuki Osada
- Chemical Biology Research Group, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - Zixin Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ramon Gonzalez
- Department of Chemical, Biological, and Materials Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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Adamian Y, Lonappan L, Alokpa K, Agathos SN, Cabana H. Recent Developments in the Immobilization of Laccase on Carbonaceous Supports for Environmental Applications - A Critical Review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2021; 9:778239. [PMID: 34938721 PMCID: PMC8685458 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.778239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Τhe ligninolytic enzyme laccase has proved its potential for environmental applications. However, there is no documented industrial application of free laccase due to low stability, poor reusability, and high costs. Immobilization has been considered as a powerful technique to enhance laccase's industrial potential. In this technology, appropriate support selection for laccase immobilization is a crucial step since the support could broadly affect the properties of the resulting catalyst system. Through the last decades, a large variety of inorganic, organic, and composite materials have been used in laccase immobilization. Among them, carbon-based materials have been explored as a support candidate for immobilization, due to their properties such as high porosity, high surface area, the existence of functional groups, and their highly aromatic structure. Carbon-based materials have also been used in culture media as supports, sources of nutrients, and inducers, for laccase production. This study aims to review the recent trends in laccase production, immobilization techniques, and essential support properties for enzyme immobilization. More specifically, this review analyzes and presents the significant benefits of carbon-based materials for their key role in laccase production and immobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younes Adamian
- Université de Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Linson Lonappan
- Université de Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Komla Alokpa
- Université de Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Spiros N. Agathos
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Earth and Life Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hubert Cabana
- Université de Sherbrooke Water Research Group, Department of Civil and Building Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Mollocana-Lara EC, Ni M, Agathos SN, Gonzales-Zubiate FA. The infinite possibilities of RNA therapeutics. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6360324. [PMID: 34463324 PMCID: PMC8788720 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Although the study of ribonucleic acid (RNA) therapeutics started decades ago, for many years, this field of research was overshadowed by the growing interest in DNA-based therapies. Nowadays, the role of several types of RNA in cell regulation processes and the development of various diseases have been elucidated, and research in RNA therapeutics is back with force. This short literature review aims to present general aspects of many of the molecules currently used in RNA therapeutics, including in vitro transcribed mRNA (IVT mRNA), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), aptamers, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), and microRNAs (miRNAs). In addition, we describe the state of the art of technologies applied for synthetic RNA manufacture and delivery. Likewise, we detail the RNA-based therapies approved by the FDA so far, as well as the ongoing clinical investigations. As a final point, we highlight the current and potential advantages of working on RNA-based therapeutics and how these could lead to a new era of accessible and personalized healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyn C Mollocana-Lara
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, 100119, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Ming Ni
- GenScript, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province, P.R. China
| | - Spiros N Agathos
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Earth and Life Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Fernando A Gonzales-Zubiate
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, 100119, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador
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Augelletti F, Jousset A, Agathos SN, Stenuit B. Diversity Manipulation of Psychrophilic Bacterial Consortia for Improved Biological Treatment of Medium-Strength Wastewater at Low Temperature. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1490. [PMID: 32793129 PMCID: PMC7393979 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychrophilic bacteria are valuable biocatalysts to develop robust bioaugmentation formulations for enhanced wastewater treatment at low temperatures or fluctuating temperature conditions. Here, using different biodiversity indices [based on species richness (SR), phylogenetic diversity (PD) and functional diversity (FD)], we studied the effects of microbial diversity of artificial bacterial consortia on the biomass gross yields (measured through OD600) and removal efficiency of soluble chemical oxygen demand (mg sCOD removed/mg sCOD introduced) in synthetic, medium-strength wastewater. We built artificial consortia out of one to six bacterial strains isolated at 4°C through combinatorial biodiversity experiments. Increasing species richness resulted in improved sCOD removal efficiency (i.e., 0.266 ± 0.146, 0.542 ± 0.155, 0.742 ± 0.136, 0.822 ± 0.019 for mono-, tri-, penta-and hexacultures, respectively) and higher biomass gross yields (i.e., 0.065 ± 0.052, 0.132 ± 0.046, 0.173 ± 0.049, 0.216 ± 0.019 for mono-, tri-, penta,- and hexacultures, respectively). This positive relationship between biodiversity, sCOD removal and biomass gross yield was also observed when considering metabolic profiling (functional diversity) or evolutionary relationships (phylogenetic diversity). The positive effect of biodiversity on sCOD removal efficiency could be attributed to the selection of a particular, best-performing species (i.e., Pedobacter sp.) as well as complementary use of carbon resources among consortia members (i.e., complementarity effects). Among the biodiversity indices, PD diversity metrics explained higher variation in sCOD removal than SR and FD diversity metrics. For a more effective bioaugmentation, our results stress the importance of using phylogenetically diverse consortia, with an increased degradation ability, instead of single pure cultures. Moreover, PD could be used as an assembly rule to guide the composition of mixed cultures for wastewater bioaugmentation under psychrophilic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floriana Augelletti
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Earth and Life Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Jousset
- Ecology and Biodiversity Group, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Spiros N Agathos
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Earth and Life Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Benoit Stenuit
- Joint Research Unit of Agropolymer Engineering and Emerging Technologies (IATE, UMR 1208), Polytech Montpellier, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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Li X, Wang X, Duan C, Yi S, Gao Z, Xiao C, Agathos SN, Wang G, Li J. Biotechnological production of astaxanthin from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 43:107602. [PMID: 32711005 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although biotechnologies for astaxanthin production from Haematococcus pluvialis have been developed for decades and many production facilities have been established throughout the world, the production cost is still high. This paper is to evaluate the current production processes and production facilities, to analyze the R&D strategies for process improvement, and to review the recent research advances shedding light on production cost reduction. With these efforts being made, we intent to conclude that the production cost of astaxanthin from Haematococcus might be substantially reduced to the levels comparable to that of chemical astaxanthin through further R&D and the future research might need to focus on strain selection and improvement, cultivation process optimization, innovation of cultivation methodologies, and revolution of extraction technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Wang
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, PR China
| | - Chuanlan Duan
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, PR China
| | - Shasha Yi
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, PR China
| | - Zhengquan Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, PR China
| | - Chaowen Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Spiros N Agathos
- Earth and Life Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Guangce Wang
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Panzhihua University, Panzhihua, PR China.
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Zambrano-Mila MS, Agathos SN, Reichardt JKV. Human genetics and genomics research in Ecuador: historical survey, current state, and future directions. Hum Genomics 2019; 13:64. [PMID: 31822297 PMCID: PMC6902328 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-019-0249-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In South America, the history of human genetics is extensive and its beginnings go back to the onset of the twentieth century. In Ecuador, the historical record of human genetics and genomics research is limited. In this context, our work analyzes the current status and historical panorama of these fields, based on bibliographic searches in Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science. RESULTS Our results determined that the oldest paper in human genetics coauthored by an Ecuadorian institution originates from the Central University of Ecuador in 1978. From a historical standpoint, the number of articles has increased since the 1990s. This growth has intensified and it is reflected in 137 manuscripts recorded from 2010 to 2019. Areas such as human population genetics, phylogeography, and forensic sciences are the core of genetics and genomics-associated research in Ecuador. Important advances have been made in the understanding of the bases of cancer, some genetic diseases, and congenital disorders. Fields such as pharmacogenetics and pharmacogenomics have begun to be explored during the last years. CONCLUSIONS This work paints a comprehensive picture and provides additional insights into the future panorama of human genetic and genomic research in Ecuador as an example of an emerging, resource-limited country with interesting phylogeographic characteristics and public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlon S Zambrano-Mila
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador.
| | - Spiros N Agathos
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador.,Bioengineering Lab, Earth & Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Juergen K V Reichardt
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), James Cook University, Smithfield, QLD, Australia
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Castillo JA, Agathos SN. A genome-wide scan for genes under balancing selection in the plant pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. BMC Evol Biol 2019; 19:123. [PMID: 31208326 PMCID: PMC6580516 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-019-1456-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plant pathogens are under significant selective pressure by the plant host. Consequently, they are expected to have adapted to this condition or contribute to evading plant defenses. In order to acquire long-term fitness, plant bacterial pathogens are usually forced to maintain advantageous genetic diversity in populations. This strategy ensures that different alleles in the pathogen’s gene pool are maintained in a population at frequencies larger than expected under neutral evolution. This selective process, known as balancing selection, is the subject of this work in the context of a common bacterial phytopathogen. We performed a genome-wide scan of Ralstonia solanacearum species complex, an aggressive plant bacterial pathogen that shows broad host range and causes a devastating disease called ‘bacterial wilt’. Results Using a sliding window approach, we analyzed 57 genomes from three phylotypes of the R. solanacearum species complex to detect signatures of balancing selection. A total of 161 windows showed extreme values in three summary statistics of population genetics: Tajima’s D, θw and Fu & Li’s D*. We discarded any confounding effects due to demographic events by means of coalescent simulations of genetic data. The prospective windows correspond to 78 genes with known function that map in any of the two main replicons (1.7% of total number of genes). The candidate genes under balancing selection are related to primary metabolism and other basal activities (51.3%) or directly associated to virulence (48.7%), the latter being involved in key functions targeted to dismantle plant defenses or to participate in critical stages in the pathogenic process. Conclusions We identified various genes under balancing selection that play a significant role in basic metabolism as well as in virulence of the R. solanacearum species complex. These genes are useful to understand and monitor the evolution of bacterial pathogen populations and emerge as potential candidates for future treatments to induce specific plant immune responses. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12862-019-1456-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- José A Castillo
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San Jose s/n and Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí, Ecuador.
| | - Spiros N Agathos
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San Jose s/n and Proyecto Yachay, Urcuquí, Ecuador
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Dahoumane SA, Jeffryes C, Mechouet M, Agathos SN. Biosynthesis of Inorganic Nanoparticles: A Fresh Look at the Control of Shape, Size and Composition. Bioengineering (Basel) 2017; 4:E14. [PMID: 28952493 PMCID: PMC5590428 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering4010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Several methodologies have been devised for the design of nanomaterials. The "Holy Grail" for materials scientists is the cost-effective, eco-friendly synthesis of nanomaterials with controlled sizes, shapes and compositions, as these features confer to the as-produced nanocrystals unique properties making them appropriate candidates for valuable bio-applications. The present review summarizes published data regarding the production of nanomaterials with special features via sustainable methodologies based on the utilization of natural bioresources. The richness of the latter, the diversity of the routes adopted and the tuned experimental parameters have led to the fabrication of nanomaterials belonging to different chemical families with appropriate compositions and displaying interesting sizes and shapes. It is expected that these outstanding findings will encourage researchers and attract newcomers to continue and extend the exploration of possibilities offered by nature and the design of innovative and safer methodologies towards the synthesis of unique nanomaterials, possessing desired features and exhibiting valuable properties that can be exploited in a profusion of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si Amar Dahoumane
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador.
| | - Clayton Jeffryes
- Nanobiomaterials and Bioprocessing (NAB) Laboratory, Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, P.O. Box 10053, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA.
| | - Mourad Mechouet
- Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux, Université Mouloud Mammeri, Route de Hasnaoua, BP 17 RP, Tizi-Ouzou 15000, Algérie.
| | - Spiros N Agathos
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador.
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, Bte L7.05.19, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Bouhajja E, Agathos SN, George IF. Metagenomics: Probing pollutant fate in natural and engineered ecosystems. Biotechnol Adv 2016; 34:1413-1426. [PMID: 27825829 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Polluted environments are a reservoir of microbial species able to degrade or to convert pollutants to harmless compounds. The proper management of microbial resources requires a comprehensive characterization of their genetic pool to assess the fate of contaminants and increase the efficiency of bioremediation processes. Metagenomics offers appropriate tools to describe microbial communities in their whole complexity without lab-based cultivation of individual strains. After a decade of use of metagenomics to study microbiomes, the scientific community has made significant progress in this field. In this review, we survey the main steps of metagenomics applied to environments contaminated with organic compounds or heavy metals. We emphasize technical solutions proposed to overcome encountered obstacles. We then compare two metagenomic approaches, i.e. library-based targeted metagenomics and direct sequencing of metagenomes. In the former, environmental DNA is cloned inside a host, and then clones of interest are selected based on (i) their expression of biodegradative functions or (ii) sequence homology with probes and primers designed from relevant, already known sequences. The highest score for the discovery of novel genes and degradation pathways has been achieved so far by functional screening of large clone libraries. On the other hand, direct sequencing of metagenomes without a cloning step has been more often applied to polluted environments for characterization of the taxonomic and functional composition of microbial communities and their dynamics. In this case, the analysis has focused on 16S rRNA genes and marker genes of biodegradation. Advances in next generation sequencing and in bioinformatic analysis of sequencing data have opened up new opportunities for assessing the potential of biodegradation by microbes, but annotation of collected genes is still hampered by a limited number of available reference sequences in databases. Although metagenomics is still facing technical and computational challenges, our review of the recent literature highlights its value as an aid to efficiently monitor the clean-up of contaminated environments and develop successful strategies to mitigate the impact of pollutants on ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emna Bouhajja
- Laboratoire de Génie Biologique, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2, boite L7.05.19, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Spiros N Agathos
- Laboratoire de Génie Biologique, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2, boite L7.05.19, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yachay Tech University, 100119 San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Isabelle F George
- Université Libre de Bruxelles, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Systèmes Aquatiques, Campus de la Plaine CP 221, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Brussels, Belgium.
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Bouhajja E, McGuire M, Liles MR, Bataille G, Agathos SN, George IF. Identification of novel toluene monooxygenase genes in a hydrocarbon-polluted sediment using sequence- and function-based screening of metagenomic libraries. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 101:797-808. [PMID: 27785541 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7934-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The microbial potential for toluene degradation within sediments from a tar oil-contaminated site in Flingern, Germany, was assessed using a metagenomic approach. High molecular weight environmental DNA from contaminated sediments was extracted, purified, and cloned into fosmid and BAC vectors and transformed into Escherichia coli. The fosmid library was screened by hybridization with a PCR amplicon of the α-subunit of the toluene 4-monooxygenase gene to identify genes and pathways encoding toluene degradation. Fourteen clones were recovered from the fosmid library, among which 13 were highly divergent from known tmoA genes and several had the closest relatives among Acinetobacter species. The BAC library was transferred to the heterologous hosts Cupriavidus metallidurans (phylum Proteobacteria) and Edaphobacter aggregans (phylum Acidobacteria). The resulting libraries were screened for expression of toluene degradation in the non-degradative hosts. From expression in C. metallidurans, three novel toluene monooxygenase-encoding operons were identified that were located on IncP1 plasmids. The E. aggregans-hosted BAC library led to the isolation of a cloned genetic locus putatively derived from an Acidobacteria taxon that contained genes involved in aerobic and anaerobic toluene degradation. These data suggest the important role of plasmids in the spread of toluene degradative capacity and indicate putative novel tmoA genes present in this hydrocarbon-polluted environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Bouhajja
- Earth and Life Institute, Laboratoire de Génie Biologique, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2, boite L7.05.19, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M McGuire
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Science Building, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - M R Liles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, 101 Rouse Life Science Building, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA
| | - G Bataille
- Earth and Life Institute, Biodiversity Research Centre, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 4-5, Bte L.7.07.04, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - S N Agathos
- Earth and Life Institute, Laboratoire de Génie Biologique, Université catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2, boite L7.05.19, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yachay Tech University, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - I F George
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Systèmes Aquatiques, Université libre de Bruxelles, Campus de la Plaine CP 221, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.
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15
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Spina F, Junghanns C, Donelli I, Nair R, Demarche P, Romagnolo A, Freddi G, Agathos SN, Varese GC. Stimulation of laccases from Trametes pubescens: Use in dye decolorization and cotton bleaching. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 46:639-47. [DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2015.1128445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Spina
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Charles Junghanns
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Ilaria Donelli
- Divisione Stazione Sperimentale per la Seta, Innovhub-SSI, Milano, Italy
| | - Rakesh Nair
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Philippe Demarche
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alice Romagnolo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Giuliano Freddi
- Divisione Stazione Sperimentale per la Seta, Innovhub-SSI, Milano, Italy
| | - Spiros N. Agathos
- Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Jeffryes C, Severi V, Delhaye A, Urbain B, Grama BS, Agathos SN. Energy conversion in an internally illuminated annular‐plate airlift photobioreactor. Eng Life Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201500042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clayton Jeffryes
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Earth & Life Institute Université catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
- Fonds de l Recherche (FNRS) Brussels Belgium
| | - Veronica Severi
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Earth & Life Institute Université catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Antoine Delhaye
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Earth & Life Institute Université catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Brieuc Urbain
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Earth & Life Institute Université catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
| | - Borhane Samir Grama
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Earth & Life Institute Université catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
- Université Larbi Ben M'hidi Oum el Bouaghi Algeria
| | - Spiros N. Agathos
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Earth & Life Institute Université catholique de Louvain Louvain‐la‐Neuve Belgium
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology Yachay Tech University San Miguel de Urcuquí Ecuador
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17
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Nesme J, Achouak W, Agathos SN, Bailey M, Baldrian P, Brunel D, Frostegård Å, Heulin T, Jansson JK, Jurkevitch E, Kruus KL, Kowalchuk GA, Lagares A, Lappin-Scott HM, Lemanceau P, Le Paslier D, Mandic-Mulec I, Murrell JC, Myrold DD, Nalin R, Nannipieri P, Neufeld JD, O'Gara F, Parnell JJ, Pühler A, Pylro V, Ramos JL, Roesch LFW, Schloter M, Schleper C, Sczyrba A, Sessitsch A, Sjöling S, Sørensen J, Sørensen SJ, Tebbe CC, Topp E, Tsiamis G, van Elsas JD, van Keulen G, Widmer F, Wagner M, Zhang T, Zhang X, Zhao L, Zhu YG, Vogel TM, Simonet P. Back to the Future of Soil Metagenomics. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:73. [PMID: 26903960 PMCID: PMC4748112 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Nesme
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5005, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC1407, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de LyonEcully, France; Research Unit for Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH)Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Wafa Achouak
- Aix-Marseille Université, CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d'Écologie Microbienne de la Rhizosphère et Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 7265, Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Spiros N Agathos
- Earth and Life Institute, Catholic University of LouvainLouvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yachay Tech UniversityUrcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Mark Bailey
- Natural Environment Research Council, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Oxford, UK
| | - Petr Baldrian
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Dominique Brunel
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, US1279, Etude du Polymorphisme des Génomes Végétaux, CEA, Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage Evry, France
| | - Åsa Frostegård
- NMBU Nitrogen Group, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences Aas, Norway
| | - Thierry Heulin
- Aix-Marseille Université, CEA, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Laboratoire d'Écologie Microbienne de la Rhizosphère et Environnements Extrêmes, UMR 7265, Biologie Végétale et de Microbiologie Environnementales Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
| | - Janet K Jansson
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, WA, USA
| | - Edouard Jurkevitch
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, The Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Otto Warburg-Minerva Center in Agricultural Biotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Rehovot, Israel
| | - Kristiina L Kruus
- Enzymology of Renewable Biomass, VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland Espoo, Finland
| | - George A Kowalchuk
- Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Antonio Lagares
- Departamento de Ciencia Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Instituto de Biotecnología y Biología Molecular, Centro Científico Tecnológico-Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata La Plata, Argentina
| | | | - Philippe Lemanceau
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, UMR 1347, Agroécologie, Université de Bourgogne Dijon, France
| | - Denis Le Paslier
- CEA/Direction des sciences du vivant/Institut de Génomique. Genoscope, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifiue UMR 8030, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne Evry, France
| | - Ines Mandic-Mulec
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty- University of Ljubljana Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - J Colin Murrell
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia Norwich, UK
| | - David D Myrold
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University Corvallis, OR, USA
| | | | - Paolo Nannipieri
- Department of Agrifood and Environmental Science, University of Florence Florence, Italy
| | - Josh D Neufeld
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Fergal O'Gara
- BIOMERIT Research Centre, School of Microbiology, National University of IrelandCork, Ireland; School of Biomedical Science, Curtin UniversityPerth, WA, Australia
| | - John J Parnell
- National Ecological Observatory Network Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Alfred Pühler
- Center for Biotechnology, Institute for Genome Research and Systems Biology, Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Bielefeld University Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Victor Pylro
- Genomics and Computational Biology Group, René Rachou Research Centre - CPqRR/FIOCRUZ Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Juan L Ramos
- Department of Environmental Protection, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Granada, Spain
| | | | - Michael Schloter
- Research Unit for Environmental Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH) Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christa Schleper
- Archaea Biology and Ecogenomics Division, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Sczyrba
- Center for Biotechnology and Faculty of Technology, Computational Metagenomics, Bielefeld University Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Angela Sessitsch
- Health and Environment Department, Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH Tulln, Austria
| | - Sara Sjöling
- School of Natural Sciences and Environmental Studies, Södertörn University Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jan Sørensen
- Section of Genetics and Microbiology, Department of Plant and Environmental Microbiology, University of Copenhagen Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Søren J Sørensen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Edward Topp
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Department of Biology, University of Western Ontario London, ON, Canada
| | - George Tsiamis
- Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Patras Agrinio, Greece
| | - Jan Dirk van Elsas
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Geertje van Keulen
- Institute of Life Science, Medical School, Swansea University Swansea, UK
| | - Franco Widmer
- Molecular Ecology, Institute for Sustainability Sciences, Agroscope Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Wagner
- Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
| | - Tong Zhang
- Environmental Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhang
- Group of Microbial Ecology and Ecogenomics, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Liping Zhao
- Group of Microbial Ecology and Ecogenomics, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China
| | - Yong-Guan Zhu
- Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xiamen, China
| | - Timothy M Vogel
- Environmental Microbial Genomics Group, Laboratoire Ampère, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR5005, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, USC1407, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, Université de Lyon Ecully, France
| | - Pascal Simonet
- Institute of Life Science, Medical School, Swansea University Swansea, UK
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Pérez-López P, Jeffryes C, Agathos SN, Feijoo G, Rorrer G, Moreira MT. Environmental life cycle optimization of essential terpene oils produced by the macroalga Ochtodes secundiramea. Sci Total Environ 2016; 542:292-305. [PMID: 26519589 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The macroalga Ochtodes secundiramea is a well-known producer of essential terpene oils with promising biological activities and similar applications to those of microalgal biocompounds in the pharmaceutical, food or cosmetics sectors. This study assesses the environmental impacts associated with the production of five essential terpene oils (myrcene, 10Z-bromomyrcene, 10E-bromo-3-chloromyrcene, apakaochtodene B and acyclic C10H14Br2) by O. secundiramea cultivated in a closed airlift photobioreactor with artificial illumination. The results of the life cycle assessment (LCA) allowed analyzing the effect of implementing a semi-continuous operation on several stages of the life cycle of the products, which may lead to impact reductions from 1% up to 25%. Regarding the most problematic aspects of the process, the cultivation in the photobioreactor (S4) was identified as the main stage responsible for the environmental burdens, with contributions ranging between 60% and 80% of the total impacts for a semi-continuous production maintained during one year of operation. The electricity supply is the key activity affecting eight of the ten assessed categories and involves between 50% and 60% of the impact of the process. S4 is the main cause of the high energy requirements, with 86% of the total electricity consumption. Additionally, several scenarios aiming at improving the environmental profile of the system were evaluated. The application of LCA finally led to the proposal of two optimized scenarios with improvements between 8% and 40% with respect to the baseline case study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Pérez-López
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Clayton Jeffryes
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Earth & Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Nanobiomaterials and Bioprocessing (NAB) Laboratory, Dan F. Smith Department of Chemical Engineering, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, United Sates
| | - Spiros N Agathos
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Earth & Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Gumersindo Feijoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gregory Rorrer
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Environmental Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, United States
| | - María Teresa Moreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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Sart S, Agathos SN, Li Y, Ma T. Regulation of mesenchymal stem cell 3D microenvironment: From macro to microfluidic bioreactors. Biotechnol J 2015; 11:43-57. [PMID: 26696441 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201500191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Revised: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) have emerged as an important cell type in cell therapy and tissue engineering. In these applications, maintaining the therapeutic properties of hMSCs requires tight control of the culture environments and the structural cell organizations. Bioreactor systems are essential tools to achieve these goals in the clinical-scale expansion and tissue engineering applications. This review summarizes how different bioreactors provide cues to regulate the structure and the chemico-mechanical microenvironment of hMSCs with a focus on 3D organization. In addition to conventional bioreactors, recent advances in microfluidic bioreactors as a novel approach to better control the hMSC microenvironment are also discussed. These advancements highlight the key role of bioreactor systems in preserving hMSC's functional properties by providing dynamic and temporal regulation of in vitro cellular microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- Hydrodynamics Laboratory, CNRS UMR7646, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
| | - Spiros N Agathos
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Teng Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, USA.
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Demarche
- Earth and Life Institute-Laboratory of Bioengineering; Université Catholique de Louvain; Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Charles Junghanns
- Earth and Life Institute-Laboratory of Bioengineering; Université Catholique de Louvain; Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
- Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ; Leipzig Germany
| | - Inés Ardao
- Earth and Life Institute-Laboratory of Bioengineering; Université Catholique de Louvain; Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
| | - Spiros N. Agathos
- Earth and Life Institute-Laboratory of Bioengineering; Université Catholique de Louvain; Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium
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21
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Ardao I, Magnin D, Agathos SN. Bioinspired production of magnetic laccase-biotitania particles for the removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:1986-96. [PMID: 26058804 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Microbial laccases are powerful enzymes capable of degrading lignin and other recalcitrant compounds including endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Efficient EDC removal on an industrial scale requires robust, stable, easy to handle and cost-effective immobilized biocatalysts. In this direction, magnetic biocatalysts are attractive due to their easy separation through an external magnetic field. Recently, a bioinspired immobilization technique that mimics the natural biomineralization reactions in diatoms has emerged as a fast and versatile tool for generating robust, cheap, and highly stable (nano) biocatalysts. In this work, bioinspired formation of a biotitania matrix is triggered on the surface of magnetic particles in the presence of laccase in order to produce laccase-biotitania (lac-bioTiO2 ) biocatalysts suitable for environmental applications using a novel, fast and versatile enzyme entrapment technique. Highly active lac-bioTiO2 particles have been produced and the effect of different parameters (enzyme loading, titania precursor concentration, pH, duration of the biotitania formation, and laccase adsorption steps) on the apparent activity yield of these biocatalysts were evaluated, the concentration of the titania precursor being the most influential. The lac-bioTiO2 particles were able to catalyze the removal of bisphenol A, 17α-ethinylestradiol and diclofenac in a mixture of six model EDCs and retained 90% of activity after five reaction cycles and 60% after 10 cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Ardao
- Earth & Life Institute-Laboratory of Bioengineering, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2-L7.05.19, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Delphine Magnin
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Bio and soft matter group, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Spiros N Agathos
- Earth & Life Institute-Laboratory of Bioengineering, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2-L7.05.19, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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22
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Meckenstock RU, Elsner M, Griebler C, Lueders T, Stumpp C, Aamand J, Agathos SN, Albrechtsen HJ, Bastiaens L, Bjerg PL, Boon N, Dejonghe W, Huang WE, Schmidt SI, Smolders E, Sørensen SR, Springael D, van Breukelen BM. Biodegradation: Updating the concepts of control for microbial cleanup in contaminated aquifers. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:7073-81. [PMID: 26000605 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation is one of the most favored and sustainable means of removing organic pollutants from contaminated aquifers but the major steering factors are still surprisingly poorly understood. Growing evidence questions some of the established concepts for control of biodegradation. Here, we critically discuss classical concepts such as the thermodynamic redox zonation, or the use of steady state transport scenarios for assessing biodegradation rates. Furthermore, we discuss if the absence of specific degrader populations can explain poor biodegradation. We propose updated perspectives on the controls of biodegradation in contaminant plumes. These include the plume fringe concept, transport limitations, and transient conditions as currently underestimated processes affecting biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer U Meckenstock
- †University of Duisburg-Essen, Biofilm Centre, Universitätsstrasse 5, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Elsner
- ○Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Griebler
- ○Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tillmann Lueders
- ○Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christine Stumpp
- ○Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Groundwater Ecology, Ingolstädter Landstrasse 1, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jens Aamand
- ‡Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Spiros N Agathos
- §Laboratory of Bioengineering; Earth and Life Institute (ELI); Université Catholique de Louvain; Place Croix du Sud 2, L7.05.19, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Hans-Jørgen Albrechtsen
- ∥Department of Environmental Engineering, Miljoevej, building 113, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Leen Bastiaens
- ⊥Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Poul L Bjerg
- ∥Department of Environmental Engineering, Miljoevej, building 113, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Nico Boon
- ∇University of Gent, LabMET, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Winnie Dejonghe
- ⊥Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Wei E Huang
- ◆Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PJ, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne I Schmidt
- ¶CSB Centre for Systems Biology, School of Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Erik Smolders
- ∞Division Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sebastian R Sørensen
- ‡Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, 1350 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Dirk Springael
- ∞Division Soil and Water Management, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Boris M van Breukelen
- #Department of Earth Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1085, NL-1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Ramírez-Cavazos LI, Junghanns C, Nair R, Cárdenas-Chávez DL, Hernández-Luna C, Agathos SN, Parra R. Enhanced production of thermostable laccases from a native strain of Pycnoporus sanguineus using central composite design. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2015; 15:343-52. [PMID: 24711355 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1300246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The production of thermostable laccases from a native strain of the white-rot fungus Pycnoporus sanguineus isolated in Mexico was enhanced by testing different media and a combination of inducers including copper sulfate (CuSO4). The best conditions obtained from screening experiments in shaken flasks using tomato juice, CuSO4, and soybean oil were integrated in an experimental design. Enhanced levels of tomato juice as the medium, CuSO4 and soybean oil as inducers (36.8% (v/v), 3 mmol/L, and 1% (v/v), respectively) were determined for 10 L stirred tank bioreactor runs. This combination resulted in laccase titer of 143,000 IU/L (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), pH 3.0), which represents the highest activity so far reported for P. sanguineus in a 10-L fermentor. Other interesting media resulting from the screening included glucose-bactopeptone which increased laccase activity up to 20,000 IU/L, whereas the inducers Acid Blue 62 and Reactive Blue 19 enhanced enzyme production in this medium 10 times. Based on a partial characterization, the laccases of this strain are especially promising in terms of thermostability (half-life of 6.1 h at 60 °C) and activity titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leticia I Ramírez-Cavazos
- Centro del Agua para América Latina y el Caribe, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Monterrey, NL 64849, Mexico; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany; Bioengineering Group, Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud, 2, Box L7.05.19, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Laboratorio de Enzimología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Universidad s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza, NL 64450, Mexico
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Affiliation(s)
- Spiros N Agathos
- Bioengineering Laboratory, Earth and Life Institute, Catholic University of Louvain, Belgium.
| | - Nico Boon
- Laboratory of Microbial Ecology and Technology, Department of Biochemical and Microbial Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium.
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Stenuit B, Agathos SN. Deciphering microbial community robustness through synthetic ecology and molecular systems synecology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2015; 33:305-17. [PMID: 25880923 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Microbial ecosystems exhibit specific robustness attributes arising from the assembly and interaction networks of diverse, heterogeneous communities challenged by fluctuating environmental conditions. Synthetic ecology provides new insights into key biodiversity-stability relationships and robustness determinants of host-associated or environmental microbiomes. Driven by the advances of meta-omics technologies and bioinformatics, community-centered approaches (defined as molecular systems synecology) combined with the development of dynamic and mechanistic mathematical models make it possible to decipher and predict the outcomes of microbial ecosystems under disturbances. Beyond discriminating the normal operating range and natural, intrinsic dynamics of microbial processes from systems-level responses to environmental forcing, predictive modeling is poised to be integrated within prescriptive analytical frameworks and thus provide guidance in decision-making and proactive microbial resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Stenuit
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth & Life Institute, Bioengineering Laboratory, Place Croix du Sud 2, bte. L07.05.19, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
| | - Spiros N Agathos
- Université catholique de Louvain, Earth & Life Institute, Bioengineering Laboratory, Place Croix du Sud 2, bte. L07.05.19, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Matos GI, Junior CS, Oliva TC, Subtil DF, Matsushita LY, Chaves AL, Lutterbach MT, Sérvulo EF, Agathos SN, Stenuit B. BACTERIAL COMMUNITY DYNAMICS AND ECOTOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT DURING BIOREMEDIATION OF SOILS CONTAMINATED BY BIODIESEL AND DIESEL/BIODIESEL BLENDS. Commun Agric Appl Biol Sci 2015; 80:157-161. [PMID: 26630771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The gradual introduction of biodiesel in the Brazilian energy landscape has primarily occurred through its blending with conventional petroleum diesel (e.g., B20 (20% biodiesel) and B5 (5% biodiesel) formulations). Because B20 and lower-level blends generally do not require engine modifications, their use as transportation fuel is increasing in the Brazilian distribution networks. However, the environmental fate of low-level biodiesel blends and pure biodiesel (B100) is poorly understood and the ecotoxicological-safety endpoints of biodiesel-contaminated environments are unknown. Using laboratory microcosms consisting of closed reactor columns filled with clay loam soil contaminated with pure biodiesel (EXPB100) and a low-level blend (EXPB5) (10% w/v), this study presents soil ecotoxicity assessement and dynamics of culturable heterotrophic bacteria. Most-probable-number (MPN) procedures for enumeration of bacteria, dehydrogenase assays and soil ecotoxicological tests using Eisenia fetida have been performed at different column depths over the course of incubation. After 60 days of incubation, the ecotoxicity of EXPB100-derived samples showed a decrease from 63% of mortality to 0% while EXPB5-derived samples exhibited a reduction from 100% to 53% and 90% on the top and at the bottom of the reactor column, respectively. The dehydrogenase activity of samples from EXPB100 and EXPB5 increased significantly compared to pristine soil after 60 days of incubation. Growth of aerobic bacterial biomass was only observed on the top of the reactor column while the anaerobic bacteria exhibited significant growth at different column depths in EXPB100 and EXPB5. These preliminary results suggest the involvement of soil indigenous microbiota in the biodegradation of biodiesel and blends. However, GC-FID analyses for quantification of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and aliphatic hydrocarbons and targeted sequencing of 16S rRNA tags using illumina platforms will provide important insights into the profiles and underlying mechanisms of (bio)diesel biodegradation in soil environments.
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Ramírez-Cavazos LI, Junghanns C, Ornelas-Soto N, Cárdenas-Chávez DL, Hernández-Luna C, Demarche P, Enaud E, García-Morales R, Agathos SN, Parra R. Purification and characterization of two thermostable laccases from Pycnoporus sanguineus and potential role in degradation of endocrine disrupting chemicals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Sart S, Agathos SN, Li Y. Process engineering of stem cell metabolism for large scale expansion and differentiation in bioreactors. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Sart S, Schneider YJ, Li Y, Agathos SN. Stem cell bioprocess engineering towards cGMP production and clinical applications. Cytotechnology 2014; 66:709-22. [PMID: 24500393 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-013-9687-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells, including mesenchymal stem cells and pluripotent stem cells, are becoming an indispensable tool for various biomedical applications including drug discovery, disease modeling, and tissue engineering. Bioprocess engineering, targeting large scale production, provides a platform to generate a controlled microenvironment that could potentially recreate the stem cell niche to promote stem cell proliferation or lineage-specific differentiation. This survey aims at defining the characteristics of stem cell populations currently in use and the present-day limits in their applications for therapeutic purposes. Furthermore, a bioprocess engineering strategy based on bioreactors and 3-D cultures is discussed in order to achieve the improved stem cell yield, function, and safety required for production under current good manufacturing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer St, Tallahassee, FL, 32310, USA
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Grama BS, Chader S, Khelifi D, Agathos SN, Jeffryes C. Induction of canthaxanthin production in a Dactylococcus microalga isolated from the Algerian Sahara. Bioresour Technol 2014; 151:297-305. [PMID: 24262839 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.10.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Secondary carotenoids are high-valued anti-oxidants which can be produced by some algae when exposed to an environmental stress (e.g. nutrient deprivation, high light intensities). To this end, we characterized the stress-induced carotenoid production of a new microalgal strain, Dactylococcus dissociatus MT1, which was isolated from the Sahara Desert of Algeria. Nitrate starvation, oxidative stress and varying light intensities were applied to determine the effect of illumination on carotenogenesis. Canthaxanthin was the main secondary carotenoid and light intensity had an important influence on the rate of its accumulation. The addition of NaCl also enhanced canthaxanthin production while nitrate depletion had more of an effect on lipid production. However, these two stresses in combination synergistically increased the production of both. Our results represent a step toward the development of strains suitable for secondary carotenoid production at the industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borhane Samir Grama
- Laboratory of Genetic Biochemistry and Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, Université Constantine 1, Constantine, Algeria; Earth & Life Institute - Bioengineering Laboratory, Université Catholique de Louvain, Place Croix du Sud 2, bte. L07.05.19, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Sart S, Agathos SN, Li Y. Engineering stem cell fate with biochemical and biomechanical properties of microcarriers. Biotechnol Prog 2013; 29:1354-66. [PMID: 24124017 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.1825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microcarriers have been widely used for various biotechnology applications because of their high scale-up potential, high reproducibility in regulating cellular behavior, and well-documented compliance with current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP). Recently, microcarriers have been emerging as a novel approach for stem cell expansion and differentiation, enabling potential scale-up of stem cell-derived products in large bioreactors. This review summarizes recent advances of using microcarriers in mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and pluripotent stem cell (PSC) cultures. From the reported data, efficient expansion and differentiation of stem cells on microcarriers rely on their ability to modulate cell shape (i.e. round or spreading) and cell organization (i.e. aggregate size). Nonetheless, current screening of microcarriers remains empirical, and accurate understanding of how stem cells interact with microcarriers still remains unknown. This review suggests that accurate characterization of biochemical and biomechanical properties of microcarriers is required to fully exploit their potential in regulating stem cell fate decision. Due to the variety of microcarriers, such detailed analyses should lead to the rational design of application-specific microcarriers, enabling the exploitation of reproducible effects for large scale biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- Dept. of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL
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Park JM, Agathos SN, Jeon CO. Special issue on International Biotechnology Symposium, IBS-2012: September 16-21, Daegu, Korea. Bioresour Technol 2013; 145:1. [PMID: 23992949 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jong Moon Park
- Pohang University of Science and Technology, Hyoja-dong, Pohang 790-784, Republic of Korea.
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Agathos SN, Fava F, Scoma A. Biotechnology for the bio- and green economy. N Biotechnol 2013; 30:581-4. [PMID: 24054076 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2013.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Spiros N Agathos
- Laboratory of Bioengineering, Earth & Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Building Boltzmann/Mendel (c.025), 2 Croix du Sud (Box L7.05.19), B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Nair RR, Demarche P, Agathos SN. Formulation and characterization of an immobilized laccase biocatalyst and its application to eliminate organic micropollutants in wastewater. N Biotechnol 2013; 30:814-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 12/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Murray PM, Moane S, Collins C, Beletskaya T, Thomas OP, Duarte AWF, Nobre FS, Owoyemi IO, Pagnocca FC, Sette LD, McHugh E, Causse E, Pérez-López P, Feijoo G, Moreira MT, Rubiolo J, Leirós M, Botana LM, Pinteus S, Alves C, Horta A, Pedrosa R, Jeffryes C, Agathos SN, Allewaert C, Verween A, Vyverman W, Laptev I, Sineoky S, Bisio A, Manconi R, Ledda F, Marchi M, Pronzato R, Walsh DJ. Sustainable production of biologically active molecules of marine based origin. N Biotechnol 2013; 30:839-50. [PMID: 23563183 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbt.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2012] [Revised: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The marine environment offers both economic and scientific potential which are relatively untapped from a biotechnological point of view. These environments whilst harsh are ironically fragile and dependent on a harmonious life form balance. Exploitation of natural resources by exhaustive wild harvesting has obvious negative environmental consequences. From a European industry perspective marine organisms are a largely underutilised resource. This is not due to lack of interest but due to a lack of choice the industry faces for cost competitive, sustainable and environmentally conscientious product alternatives. Knowledge of the biotechnological potential of marine organisms together with the development of sustainable systems for their cultivation, processing and utilisation are essential. In 2010, the European Commission recognised this need and funded a collaborative RTD/SME project under the Framework 7-Knowledge Based Bio-Economy (KBBE) Theme 2 Programme 'Sustainable culture of marine microorganisms, algae and/or invertebrates for high value added products'. The scope of that project entitled 'Sustainable Production of Biologically Active Molecules of Marine Based Origin' (BAMMBO) is outlined. Although the Union is a global leader in many technologies, it faces increasing competition from traditional rivals and emerging economies alike and must therefore improve its innovation performance. For this reason innovation is placed at the heart of a European Horizon 2020 Strategy wherein the challenge is to connect economic performance to eco performance. This article provides a synopsis of the research activities of the BAMMBO project as they fit within the wider scope of sustainable environmentally conscientious marine resource exploitation for high-value biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick M Murray
- Department of Applied Science, Limerick Institute of Technology, Limerick, Ireland; Shannon Applied Biotechnology Centre, Hartnett Enterprise Acceleration Centre, Limerick Institute of Technology, Limerick, Ireland
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Ikonomou L, Bastin G, Schneider YJ, Agathos SN. Effect of Partial Medium Replacement on Cell Growth and Protein Production for the High-Fivetrade mark insect cell line. Cytotechnology 2012; 44:67-76. [PMID: 19003230 DOI: 10.1023/b:cyto.0000043413.53044.fa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The potential of spent medium to support the growth and recombinant protein production of High-Fivetrade mark cells was investigated. Growth in medium consisting of three parts fresh and one part spent medium was comparable to that in fresh medium (maximal specific growth rates of 0.028 and 0.029 h(-1), and maximal cell densities of 4 and 4.5 x 10(6) cells ml(-1), respectively). Glucose exhaustion coincided with an abrupt decrease of viability. Of 15 amino acids analyzed, not a single one was completely exhausted at the end of the growth phase. Growth in medium consisting of equal parts spent and fresh medium led to lower maximal cell concentration (2.9 x 10(6) cells ml(-1)) with a smoother death phase. Glucose supplementation at the beginning of the culture or at the end of the growth phase did not lead to an increase of either the maximal cell density or the specific growth rate. Infection of High-Fivetrade mark cells at three different densities (1.4, 2.5 and 4.2 x 10(6) cells ml(-1)) without medium change led to monotonically decreased specific productions for beta-galactosidase. Partial (75%) or total medium replacement at the higher infection density restored the specific production at the levels of the intermediate density infection (321, 292 and 389 U.(10(6) cells)(-1), respectively).
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Stenuit B, Lamblin G, Cornelis P, Agathos SN. Aerobic denitration of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in the presence of phenazine compounds and reduced pyridine nucleotides. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:10605-10613. [PMID: 22881832 DOI: 10.1021/es302046h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phenazine-containing spent culture supernatants of Pseudomonas aeruginosa concentrated with a C18 solid-phase extraction cartridge initiate NAD(P)H-dependent denitration of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). In this study, TNT denitration was investigated under aerobic conditions using two phenazine secondary metabolites excreted by P. aeruginosa, pyocyanin (Py) and its precursor phenazine-1- carboxylic acid (PCA), and two chemically synthesized pyocyanin analogs, phenazine methosulfate (PMS+) and phenazine ethosulfate (PES+). The biomimetic Py/NAD(P)H/O2 system was characterized and found to extensively denitrate TNT in unbuffered aqueous solution with minor production of toxic amino aromatic derivatives. To a much lesser extent, TNT denitration was also observed with PMS+ and PES+ in the presence of NAD(P)H. No TNT denitration was detected with the biomimetic PCA/NAD(P)H/O2 system. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy analysis of the biomimetic Py/NAD(P)H/O2 system revealed the generation of superoxide radical anions (O2 •−). In vitro TNT degradation experiments in the presence of specific inhibitors of reactive oxygen species suggest a nucleophilic attack of superoxide radical anion followed by TNT denitration through an as yet unknown mechanism. The results of this research confirm the high functional versatility of the redox-active metabolite pyocyanin and the susceptibility of aromatic compounds bearing electron withdrawing substituents, such as nitro groups, to superoxide-driven nucleophilic attack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Stenuit
- Earth and Life Institute, Laboratory of Bioengineering, Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Arboleda C, Cabana H, De Pril E, Jones JP, Jiménez GA, Mejía AI, Agathos SN, Penninckx MJ. Elimination of bisphenol a and triclosan using the enzymatic system of autochthonous colombian forest fungi. ISRN Biotechnol 2012; 2013:968241. [PMID: 25969787 PMCID: PMC4403572 DOI: 10.5402/2013/968241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS) are known or suspected potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) which may pose a risk to human health and have an environmental impact. Enzyme preparations containing mainly laccases, obtained from Ganoderma stipitatum and Lentinus swartzii, two autochthonous Colombian forest white rot fungi (WRF), previously identified as high enzyme producers, were used to remove BPA and TCS from aqueous solutions. A Box-Behnken factorial design showed that pH, temperature, and duration of treatment were significant model terms for the elimination of BPA and TCS. Our results demonstrated that these EDCs were extensively removed from 5 mg L−1 solutions after a contact time of 6 hours. Ninety-four percent of TCS and 97.8% of BPA were removed with the enzyme solution from G. stipitatum; 83.2% of TCS and 88.2% of BPA were removed with the L. swartzii enzyme solution. After a 6-hour treatment with enzymes from G. stipitatum and L. swartzii, up to 90% of the estrogenic activity of BPA was lost, as shown by the yeast estrogen screen assay. 2,2-Azino-bis-(3-ethylthiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) was used as a mediator (laccase/mediator system) and significantly improved the laccase catalyzed elimination of BPA and TCS. The elimination of BPA in the absence of a mediator resulted in production of oligomers of molecular weights of 454, 680, and 906 amu as determined by mass spectra analysis. The elimination of TCS in the same conditions produced dimers, trimers, and tetramers of molecular weights of 574, 859, and 1146 amu. Ecotoxicological studies using Daphnia pulex to determine lethal concentration (LC50) showed an important reduction of the toxicity of BPA and TCS solutions after enzymatic treatments. Use of laccases emerges thus as a key alternative in the development of innovative wastewater treatment technologies. Moreover, the exploitation of local biodiversity appears as a potentially promising approach for identifying new efficient strains for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Arboleda
- Biopolymers Group, Faculty of pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Antioquia, Colombia ; Laboratory of Microbial Physiology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut de Santé Publique, rue Engeland 642, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - H Cabana
- Unit of Bioengineering, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium ; Department of Chemical Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K 2R1 ; Department of Civil Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - E De Pril
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut de Santé Publique, rue Engeland 642, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - J Peter Jones
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada J1K 2R1
| | - G A Jiménez
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut de Santé Publique, rue Engeland 642, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A I Mejía
- Biopolymers Group, Faculty of pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Antioquia, Colombia ; Group of Taxonomy and Ecology of Colombian Fungi, Institute of Biology, University of Antioquia, Calle 67 No. 53-108, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - S N Agathos
- Unit of Bioengineering, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - M J Penninckx
- Laboratory of Microbial Physiology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Institut de Santé Publique, rue Engeland 642, 1180 Brussels, Belgium
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Demarche P, Junghanns C, Nair RR, Agathos SN. Harnessing the power of enzymes for environmental stewardship. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:933-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Drugmand JC, Schneider YJ, Agathos SN. Insect cells as factories for biomanufacturing. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1140-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/16/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Sart S, Errachid A, Schneider YJ, Agathos SN. Modulation of mesenchymal stem cell actin organization on conventional microcarriers for proliferation and differentiation in stirred bioreactors. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 7:537-51. [DOI: 10.1002/term.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Riva S, Morandini P, Sannia G, Fraaije M, Agathos SN. Editorial. Enzyme Microb Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(11)00222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Sart S, Errachid A, Schneider YJ, Agathos SN. Controlled expansion and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in a microcarrier based stirred bioreactor. BMC Proc 2011; 5 Suppl 8:P55. [PMID: 22373072 PMCID: PMC3284925 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-5-s8-p55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Sart
- Université Catholique de Louvain / Institut des Sciences de La Vie, Belgium ; Laboratory of Bioengineering (GEBI), Place Croix du Sud, 2/19, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | | | - Yves-Jacques Schneider
- Université Catholique de Louvain / Institut des Sciences de La Vie, Belgium ; Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry, Place Croix du Sud, 4/5 box 3, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Spiros N Agathos
- Université Catholique de Louvain / Institut des Sciences de La Vie, Belgium ; Laboratory of Bioengineering (GEBI), Place Croix du Sud, 2/19, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Taboada-Puig R, Junghanns C, Demarche P, Moreira MT, Feijoo G, Lema JM, Agathos SN. Combined cross-linked enzyme aggregates from versatile peroxidase and glucose oxidase: production, partial characterization and application for the elimination of endocrine disruptors. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:6593-9. [PMID: 21504845 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Versatile peroxidase (VP) from Bjerkandera adusta was insolubilized in the form of cross-linked enzyme aggregates (CLEA®s). Of the initially applied activity 67% was recovered as CLEA®s. Co-aggregation of VP with glucose oxidase from Aspergillus niger led to an increased activity recovery of 89%. The combined CLEA®s showed higher stability against H(2)O(2) and exerted VP activity upon glucose addition. The elimination of the endocrine disrupting chemicals bisphenol A, nonylphenol, triclosan, 17α-ethinylestradiol and the hormone 17β-estradiol (10 mg L(-1) each) and the removal of their estrogenic activity by combined CLEA®s were tested in batch experiments. Within 10 min, the combined CLEA®s were able to remove all the endocrine disruptors except triclosan (residual concentration 74%). The removal of the estrogenic activity was higher than 55% for all compounds, except triclosan. A membrane reactor continuously operated with combined CLEA®s could almost completely remove bisphenol A (10 mg L(-1)) for 43 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Taboada-Puig
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Stenuit BA, Agathos SN. Microbial 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene degradation: could we learn from (bio)chemistry for bioremediation and vice versa? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 88:1043-64. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-010-2830-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Revised: 08/06/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Elisashvili V, Kachlishvili E, Khardziani T, Agathos SN. Effect of aromatic compounds on the production of laccase and manganese peroxidase by white-rot basidiomycetes. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2010; 37:1091-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s10295-010-0757-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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George IF, Liles MR, Hartmann M, Ludwig W, Goodman RM, Agathos SN. Changes in soilAcidobacteriacommunities after 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene contamination. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2009; 296:159-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2009.01632.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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Cabana H, Alexandre C, Agathos SN, Jones JP. Immobilization of laccase from the white rot fungus Coriolopsis polyzona and use of the immobilized biocatalyst for the continuous elimination of endocrine disrupting chemicals. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100:3447-3458. [PMID: 19329308 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Laccase from the white rot fungus strain Coriolopsis polyzona was immobilized covalently on the diatomaceous earth support Celite R-633 using different strategies. A first methodology involved the sequential activation of the support surface with gamma-aminopropyltriethoxysilane followed by the reaction of the functionalized surface with glutaraldehyde (GLU) or glyoxal (GLY) and the immobilization of laccase on the activated surface. Another strategy tested the simultaneous internal cross-linking of the protein with GLU or GLY and the immobilization of the laccase on the silanized surface. Finally, these two strategies were modified to test the impact of the concomitant addition of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a stabilizing agent during the immobilization steps. The highest laccase activity and the greatest degree of activity recovery (tested using 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) as the substrate) were achieved by the sequential immobilization procedure using GLU as the cross-linking agent. The solid catalysts featuring internal cross-linking of the protein showed significantly higher stability against several denaturants. The Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters with respect to ABTS revealed a higher affinity for this substrate in the case of the sequential procedure compared to the simultaneous approach. The biocatalyst formed using GLU in the sequential procedure was applied in a packed bed reactor for the continuous treatment of 5 mg l(-1) solutions of the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) nonylphenol (NP), bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS) through repeated batch treatments. All of these EDCs could be eliminated at a contact time of less than 200 min by using, respectively, 3.75 units (U) of laccase activity for BPA and TCS and 1.88 U for NP. These performances of elimination were maintained over five consecutive treatment cycles using the same biocatalyst. This system could also remove these EDCs from 100 mg l(-1) solutions. The Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters with respect to these chemicals showed a decreasing affinity of the solid biocatalyst for NP, TCS and BPA in that order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hubert Cabana
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 Boulevard de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1K 2R1
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Cabana H, Jones JP, Agathos SN. Utilization of cross-linked laccase aggregates in a perfusion basket reactor for the continuous elimination of endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Biotechnol Bioeng 2009; 102:1582-92. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.22198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stenuit B, Eyers L, Rozenberg R, Habib-Jiwan JL, Matthijs S, Cornelis P, Agathos SN. Denitration of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in aqueous solutions using small-molecular-weight catalyst(s) secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ESA-5. Environ Sci Technol 2009; 43:2011-2017. [PMID: 19368206 DOI: 10.1021/es8024319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The denitration of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) can produce mono- or dinitro aromatic compounds susceptible to microbial mineralization. In the present study, denitration of TNT and other nitro aromatic compounds was investigated with a solid-phase extract obtained from the culture supernatant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ESA-5 grown on a chemically defined aerobic medium. When the C18 solid-phase extract containing extracellular catalysts (EC) was incubated with TNT and NAD(P)H, we observed a significant release of nitrite. The concentration of nitrite released in the reaction medium was strongly dependent on the concentration of NAD(P)H and EC. Denitration also occurred with two TNT-related molecules, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzaldehyde, and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzyl alcohol. The release of nitrite was coupled with the formation of two polar metabolites, and mass spectrometry analyses indicated that each of these compounds had lost two nitro groups from the trinitro aromatic parent molecule. During this process, the production of toxic reduced TNT metabolites was minimal. The incubation of EC with TNT, NAD(P)H, and specific scavengers of reactive oxygen species suggested the involvement of superoxide radicals (O2*-) and hydrogen peroxide in the denitration process. Results obtained in this study reveal for the first time that extracellular small-molecular-weight substance(s) of bacterial origin can serve as green catalyst(s) to initiate TNT denitration. In addition, this study gives clear evidence for the production of a TNT metabolite bearing a single nitro groupfollowing a denitration reaction with catalyst(s) of biotic origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Stenuit
- Unit of Bioengineering and Mass Spectrometry Unit, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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