1
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Powell GT, Faro A, Zhao Y, Stickney H, Novellasdemunt L, Henriques P, Gestri G, Redhouse White E, Ren J, Lu W, Young RM, Hawkins TA, Cavodeassi F, Schwarz Q, Dreosti E, Raible DW, Li VSW, Wright GJ, Jones EY, Wilson SW. Cachd1 interacts with Wnt receptors and regulates neuronal asymmetry in the zebrafish brain. Science 2024; 384:573-579. [PMID: 38696577 DOI: 10.1126/science.ade6970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Neurons on the left and right sides of the nervous system often show asymmetric properties, but how such differences arise is poorly understood. Genetic screening in zebrafish revealed that loss of function of the transmembrane protein Cachd1 resulted in right-sided habenula neurons adopting left-sided identity. Cachd1 is expressed in neuronal progenitors, functions downstream of asymmetric environmental signals, and influences timing of the normally asymmetric patterns of neurogenesis. Biochemical and structural analyses demonstrated that Cachd1 can bind simultaneously to Lrp6 and Frizzled family Wnt co-receptors. Consistent with this, lrp6 mutant zebrafish lose asymmetry in the habenulae, and epistasis experiments support a role for Cachd1 in modulating Wnt pathway activity in the brain. These studies identify Cachd1 as a conserved Wnt receptor-interacting protein that regulates lateralized neuronal identity in the zebrafish brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth T Powell
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Ana Faro
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Yuguang Zhao
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Heather Stickney
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Departments of Otolaryngology-HNS and Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7420, USA
- Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Laura Novellasdemunt
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, UK
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro Henriques
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gaia Gestri
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Esther Redhouse White
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jingshan Ren
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Weixian Lu
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Rodrigo M Young
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Piramide 5750, 8580745 Santiago, Chile
| | - Thomas A Hawkins
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Florencia Cavodeassi
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Quenten Schwarz
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Elena Dreosti
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - David W Raible
- Departments of Otolaryngology-HNS and Biological Structure, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7420, USA
| | | | - Gavin J Wright
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
- Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - E Yvonne Jones
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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2
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Alba-González A, Dragomir EI, Haghdousti G, Yáñez J, Dadswell C, González-Méndez R, Wilson SW, Tuschl K, Folgueira M. Manganese Overexposure Alters Neurogranin Expression and Causes Behavioral Deficits in Larval Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4933. [PMID: 38732149 PMCID: PMC11084468 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), a cofactor for various enzyme classes, is an essential trace metal for all organisms. However, overexposure to Mn causes neurotoxicity. Here, we evaluated the effects of exposure to Mn chloride (MnCl2) on viability, morphology, synapse function (based on neurogranin expression) and behavior of zebrafish larvae. MnCl2 exposure from 2.5 h post fertilization led to reduced survival (60%) at 5 days post fertilization. Phenotypical changes affected body length, eye and olfactory organ size, and visual background adaptation. This was accompanied by a decrease in both the fluorescence intensity of neurogranin immunostaining and expression levels of the neurogranin-encoding genes nrgna and nrgnb, suggesting the presence of synaptic alterations. Furthermore, overexposure to MnCl2 resulted in larvae exhibiting postural defects, reduction in motor activity and impaired preference for light environments. Following the removal of MnCl2 from the fish water, zebrafish larvae recovered their pigmentation pattern and normalized their locomotor behavior, indicating that some aspects of Mn neurotoxicity are reversible. In summary, our results demonstrate that Mn overexposure leads to pronounced morphological alterations, changes in neurogranin expression and behavioral impairments in zebrafish larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Alba-González
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (J.Y.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología, (CICA), University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Elena I. Dragomir
- Department of Cell and Developmental, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK; (E.I.D.); (G.H.); (S.W.W.)
| | - Golsana Haghdousti
- Department of Cell and Developmental, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK; (E.I.D.); (G.H.); (S.W.W.)
| | - Julián Yáñez
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (J.Y.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología, (CICA), University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Chris Dadswell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK; (C.D.); (R.G.-M.)
| | - Ramón González-Méndez
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK; (C.D.); (R.G.-M.)
| | - Stephen W. Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, UK; (E.I.D.); (G.H.); (S.W.W.)
| | - Karin Tuschl
- UCL GOSH Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Mónica Folgueira
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15008 A Coruña, Spain; (A.A.-G.); (J.Y.)
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Química y Biología, (CICA), University of A Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Spain
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3
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Lago-Baldaia I, Cooper M, Seroka A, Trivedi C, Powell GT, Wilson SW, Ackerman SD, Fernandes VM. A Drosophila glial cell atlas reveals a mismatch between transcriptional and morphological diversity. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002328. [PMID: 37862379 PMCID: PMC10619882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphology is a defining feature of neuronal identity. Like neurons, glia display diverse morphologies, both across and within glial classes, but are also known to be morphologically plastic. Here, we explored the relationship between glial morphology and transcriptional signature using the Drosophila central nervous system (CNS), where glia are categorised into 5 main classes (outer and inner surface glia, cortex glia, ensheathing glia, and astrocytes), which show within-class morphological diversity. We analysed and validated single-cell RNA sequencing data of Drosophila glia in 2 well-characterised tissues from distinct developmental stages, containing distinct circuit types: the embryonic ventral nerve cord (VNC) (motor) and the adult optic lobes (sensory). Our analysis identified a new morphologically and transcriptionally distinct surface glial population in the VNC. However, many glial morphological categories could not be distinguished transcriptionally, and indeed, embryonic and adult astrocytes were transcriptionally analogous despite differences in developmental stage and circuit type. While we did detect extensive within-class transcriptomic diversity for optic lobe glia, this could be explained entirely by glial residence in the most superficial neuropil (lamina) and an associated enrichment for immune-related gene expression. In summary, we generated a single-cell transcriptomic atlas of glia in Drosophila, and our extensive in vivo validation revealed that glia exhibit more diversity at the morphological level than was detectable at the transcriptional level. This atlas will serve as a resource for the community to probe glial diversity and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Lago-Baldaia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maia Cooper
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Austin Seroka
- Institute of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Chintan Trivedi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth T. Powell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen W. Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah D. Ackerman
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Brain Immunology and Glia Center, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Vilaiwan M. Fernandes
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Chong-Morrison V, Mayes S, Simões FC, Senanayake U, Carroll DS, Riley PR, Wilson SW, Sauka-Spengler T. Ac/Ds transposition for CRISPR/dCas9-SID4x epigenome modulation in zebrafish. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio059995. [PMID: 37367831 PMCID: PMC10320716 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to its genetic amenability coupled with advances in genome editing, zebrafish is an excellent model to examine the function of (epi)genomic elements. Here, we repurposed the Ac/Ds maize transposition system to efficiently characterise zebrafish cis-regulated elements, also known as enhancers, in F0-microinjected embryos. We further used the system to stably express guide RNAs enabling CRISPR/dCas9-interference (CRISPRi) perturbation of enhancers without disrupting the underlying genetic sequence. In addition, we probed the phenomenon of antisense transcription at two neural crest gene loci. Our study highlights the utility of Ac/Ds transposition as a new tool for transient epigenome modulation in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Chong-Morrison
- University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Sarah Mayes
- University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Filipa C. Simões
- University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- University of Oxford, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Upeka Senanayake
- University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Dervla S. Carroll
- University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Paul R. Riley
- University of Oxford, Institute of Developmental and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Stephen W. Wilson
- University College London, Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Tatjana Sauka-Spengler
- University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO 64110, USA
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5
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Hernández-Bejarano M, Gestri G, Monfries C, Tucker L, Dragomir EI, Bianco IH, Bovolenta P, Wilson SW, Cavodeassi F. Foxd1-dependent induction of a temporal retinal character is required for visual function. Development 2022; 149:285946. [PMID: 36520654 PMCID: PMC9845753 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Appropriate patterning of the retina during embryonic development is assumed to underlie the establishment of spatially localised specialisations that mediate the perception of specific visual features. For example, in zebrafish, an area involved in high acuity vision (HAA) is thought to be present in the ventro-temporal retina. Here, we show that the interplay of the transcription factor Rx3 with Fibroblast Growth Factor and Hedgehog signals initiates and restricts foxd1 expression to the prospective temporal retina, initiating naso-temporal regionalisation of the retina. Abrogation of Foxd1 results in the loss of temporal and expansion of nasal retinal character, and consequent absence of the HAA. These structural defects correlate with severe visual defects, as assessed in optokinetic and optomotor response assays. In contrast, optokinetic responses are unaffected in the opposite condition, in which nasal retinal character is lost at the expense of expanded temporal character. Our study indicates that the establishment of temporal retinal character during early retinal development is required for the specification of the HAA, and suggests a prominent role of the temporal retina in controlling specific visual functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaia Gestri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK,Authors for correspondence (; )
| | - Clinton Monfries
- St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Lisa Tucker
- St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Elena I. Dragomir
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Isaac H. Bianco
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK,Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paola Bovolenta
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28049, Spain,CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Nicolás Cabrera 1, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Stephen W. Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Florencia Cavodeassi
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid 28049, Spain,St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK,Authors for correspondence (; )
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6
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Tuschl K, White RJ, Trivedi C, Valdivia LE, Niklaus S, Bianco IH, Dadswell C, González-Méndez R, Sealy IM, Neuhauss SCF, Houart C, Rihel J, Wilson SW, Busch-Nentwich EM. Loss of slc39a14 causes simultaneous manganese hypersensitivity and deficiency in zebrafish. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm044594. [PMID: 35514229 PMCID: PMC9227717 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.044594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Manganese neurotoxicity is a hallmark of hypermanganesemia with dystonia 2, an inherited manganese transporter defect caused by mutations in SLC39A14. To identify novel potential targets of manganese neurotoxicity, we performed transcriptome analysis of slc39a14-/- mutant zebrafish that were exposed to MnCl2. Differentially expressed genes mapped to the central nervous system and eye, and pathway analysis suggested that Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and activation of the unfolded protein response are key features of manganese neurotoxicity. Consistent with this interpretation, MnCl2 exposure led to decreased whole-animal Ca2+ levels, locomotor defects and changes in neuronal activity within the telencephalon and optic tectum. In accordance with reduced tectal activity, slc39a14-/- zebrafish showed changes in visual phototransduction gene expression, absence of visual background adaptation and a diminished optokinetic reflex. Finally, numerous differentially expressed genes in mutant larvae normalised upon MnCl2 treatment indicating that, in addition to neurotoxicity, manganese deficiency is present either subcellularly or in specific cells or tissues. Overall, we assembled a comprehensive set of genes that mediate manganese-systemic responses and found a highly correlated and modulated network associated with Ca2+ dyshomeostasis and cellular stress. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Tuschl
- UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, IoPPN, Kings College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Richard J. White
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Chintan Trivedi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Leonardo E. Valdivia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Camino La Pirámide 5750, Huechuraba 8580745, Chile
| | - Stephanie Niklaus
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Isaac H. Bianco
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Chris Dadswell
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | | | - Ian M. Sealy
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
| | - Stephan C. F. Neuhauss
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Houart
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, IoPPN, Kings College London, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Stephen W. Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Elisabeth M. Busch-Nentwich
- School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Puddicombe Way, Cambridge CB2 0AW, UK
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7
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Turner KJ, Hawkins TA, Henriques PM, Valdivia LE, Bianco IH, Wilson SW, Folgueira M. A Structural Atlas of the Developing Zebrafish Telencephalon Based on Spatially-Restricted Transgene Expression. Front Neuroanat 2022; 16:840924. [PMID: 35721460 PMCID: PMC9198225 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2022.840924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish telencephalon acquires an everted morphology by a two-step process that occurs from 1 to 5 days post-fertilization (dpf). Little is known about how this process affects the positioning of discrete telencephalic cell populations, hindering our understanding of how eversion impacts telencephalic structural organization. In this study, we characterize the neurochemistry, cycle state and morphology of an EGFP positive (+) cell population in the telencephalon of Et(gata2:EGFP)bi105 transgenic fish during eversion and up to 20dpf. We map the transgene insertion to the early-growth-response-gene-3 (egr3) locus and show that EGFP expression recapitulates endogenous egr3 expression throughout much of the pallial telencephalon. Using the gata2:EGFPbi105 transgene, in combination with other well-characterized transgenes and structural markers, we track the development of various cell populations in the zebrafish telencephalon as it undergoes the morphological changes underlying eversion. These datasets were registered to reference brains to form an atlas of telencephalic development at key stages of the eversion process (1dpf, 2dpf, and 5dpf) and compared to expression in adulthood. Finally, we registered gata2:EGFPbi105 expression to the Zebrafish Brain Browser 6dpf reference brain (ZBB, see Marquart et al., 2015, 2017; Tabor et al., 2019), to allow comparison of this expression pattern with anatomical data already in ZBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J. Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A. Hawkins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pedro M. Henriques
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo E. Valdivia
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
- Escuela de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Isaac H. Bianco
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen W. Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Stephen W. Wilson,
| | - Mónica Folgueira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Neurover Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Facultade de Ciencias, Department of Biology, University of A Coruña, A Coruña, Spain
- Mónica Folgueira,
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8
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White RJ, Mackay E, Wilson SW, Busch-Nentwich EM. Allele-specific gene expression can underlie altered transcript abundance in zebrafish mutants. eLife 2022; 11:72825. [PMID: 35175196 PMCID: PMC8884726 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In model organisms, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) is frequently used to assess the effect of genetic mutations on cellular and developmental processes. Typically, animals heterozygous for a mutation are crossed to produce offspring with different genotypes. Resultant embryos are grouped by genotype to compare homozygous mutant embryos to heterozygous and wild-type siblings. Genes that are differentially expressed between the groups are assumed to reveal insights into the pathways affected by the mutation. Here we show that in zebrafish, differentially expressed genes are often over-represented on the same chromosome as the mutation due to different levels of expression of alleles from different genetic backgrounds. Using an incross of haplotype-resolved wild-type fish, we found evidence of widespread allele-specific expression, which appears as differential expression when comparing embryos homozygous for a region of the genome to their siblings. When analysing mutant transcriptomes, this means that the differential expression of genes on the same chromosome as a mutation of interest may not be caused by that mutation. Typically, the genomic location of a differentially expressed gene is not considered when interpreting its importance with respect to the phenotype. This could lead to pathways being erroneously implicated or overlooked due to the noise of spurious differentially expressed genes on the same chromosome as the mutation. These observations have implications for the interpretation of RNA-seq experiments involving outbred animals and non-inbred model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J White
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Eirinn Mackay
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Elisabeth M Busch-Nentwich
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Abstract
In the 1990s, labs on both sides of the Atlantic performed the largest genetic mutagenesis screen at that time using an emerging model organism: the zebrafish. Led by Christiane Nüsslein-Volhard in Tübingen, Germany, and Wolfgang Driever in Boston, USA, these colossal screens culminated in 1996 with the publication of 37 articles in a special issue of Development, which remains the journal's largest issue to this day. To celebrate the anniversary of the zebrafish issue and reflect on the 25 years since its publication, five zebrafish researchers share what the issue means to them, how it has contributed to their career and its impact on the zebrafish community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary C. Mullins
- University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | | | - Rashmi Priya
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Lilianna Solnica-Krezel
- Center of Regenerative Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Stephen W. Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London,London WC1E 6BT, UK
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10
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Kroll F, Powell GT, Ghosh M, Gestri G, Antinucci P, Hearn TJ, Tunbak H, Lim S, Dennis HW, Fernandez JM, Whitmore D, Dreosti E, Wilson SW, Hoffman EJ, Rihel J. A simple and effective F0 knockout method for rapid screening of behaviour and other complex phenotypes. eLife 2021; 10:e59683. [PMID: 33416493 PMCID: PMC7793621 DOI: 10.7554/elife.59683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Hundreds of human genes are associated with neurological diseases, but translation into tractable biological mechanisms is lagging. Larval zebrafish are an attractive model to investigate genetic contributions to neurological diseases. However, current CRISPR-Cas9 methods are difficult to apply to large genetic screens studying behavioural phenotypes. To facilitate rapid genetic screening, we developed a simple sequencing-free tool to validate gRNAs and a highly effective CRISPR-Cas9 method capable of converting >90% of injected embryos directly into F0 biallelic knockouts. We demonstrate that F0 knockouts reliably recapitulate complex mutant phenotypes, such as altered molecular rhythms of the circadian clock, escape responses to irritants, and multi-parameter day-night locomotor behaviours. The technique is sufficiently robust to knockout multiple genes in the same animal, for example to create the transparent triple knockout crystal fish for imaging. Our F0 knockout method cuts the experimental time from gene to behavioural phenotype in zebrafish from months to one week.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Kroll
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gareth T Powell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Marcus Ghosh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Gaia Gestri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Paride Antinucci
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Timothy J Hearn
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Hande Tunbak
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sumi Lim
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Harvey W Dennis
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of BristolBristolUnited Kingdom
| | | | - David Whitmore
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, James Cook UniversityTownsvilleAustralia
| | - Elena Dreosti
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Ellen J Hoffman
- Child Study Center, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of MedicineNew HavenUnited States
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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11
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Varga M, Csályi K, Bertyák I, Menyhárd DK, Poole RJ, Cerveny KL, Kövesdi D, Barátki B, Rouse H, Vad Z, Hawkins TA, Stickney HL, Cavodeassi F, Schwarz Q, Young RM, Wilson SW. Tissue-Specific Requirement for the GINS Complex During Zebrafish Development. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:373. [PMID: 32548116 PMCID: PMC7270345 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient and accurate DNA replication is particularly critical in stem and progenitor cells for successful proliferation and survival. The replisome, an amalgam of protein complexes, is responsible for binding potential origins of replication, unwinding the double helix, and then synthesizing complimentary strands of DNA. According to current models, the initial steps of DNA unwinding and opening are facilitated by the CMG complex, which is composed of a GINS heterotetramer that connects Cdc45 with the mini-chromosome maintenance (Mcm) helicase. In this work, we provide evidence that in the absence of GINS function DNA replication is cell autonomously impaired, and we also show that gins1 and gins2 mutants exhibit elevated levels of apoptosis restricted to actively proliferating regions of the central nervous system (CNS). Intriguingly, our results also suggest that the rapid cell cycles during early embryonic development in zebrafish may not require the function of the canonical GINS complex as neither zygotic Gins1 nor Gins2 isoforms seem to be present during these stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Máté Varga
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kitti Csályi
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Bertyák
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dóra K Menyhárd
- HAS-ELTE Protein Modeling Research Group and Laboratory of Structural Chemistry and Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Richard J Poole
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kara L Cerveny
- Biology Department, Reed College, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Dorottya Kövesdi
- Office of Supported Research Groups of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Barátki
- Department of Immunology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Hannah Rouse
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zsuzsa Vad
- Department of Genetics, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Thomas A Hawkins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather L Stickney
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florencia Cavodeassi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St. George's University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Quenten Schwarz
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Rodrigo M Young
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Young RM, Ewan KB, Ferrer VP, Allende ML, Godovac-Zimmermann J, Dale TC, Wilson SW. Developmentally regulated Tcf7l2 splice variants mediate transcriptional repressor functions during eye formation. eLife 2019; 8:e51447. [PMID: 31829936 PMCID: PMC6908431 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tcf7l2 mediates Wnt/β-Catenin signalling during development and is implicated in cancer and type-2 diabetes. The mechanisms by which Tcf7l2 and Wnt/β-Catenin signalling elicit such a diversity of biological outcomes are poorly understood. Here, we study the function of zebrafish tcf7l2alternative splice variants and show that only variants that include exon five or an analogous human tcf7l2 variant can effectively provide compensatory repressor function to restore eye formation in embryos lacking tcf7l1a/tcf7l1b function. Knockdown of exon five specific tcf7l2 variants in tcf7l1a mutants also compromises eye formation, and these variants can effectively repress Wnt pathway activity in reporter assays using Wnt target gene promoters. We show that the repressive activities of exon5-coded variants are likely explained by their interaction with Tle co-repressors. Furthermore, phosphorylated residues in Tcf7l2 coded exon5 facilitate repressor activity. Our studies suggest that developmentally regulated splicing of tcf7l2 can influence the transcriptional output of the Wnt pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Young
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUCLLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Kenneth B Ewan
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Miguel L Allende
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de ChileSantiagoChile
| | | | - Trevor C Dale
- School of Bioscience, Cardiff UniversityCardiffUnited Kingdom
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyUCLLondonUnited Kingdom
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13
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Dahimene S, Page KM, Kadurin I, Ferron L, Ho DY, Powell GT, Pratt WS, Wilson SW, Dolphin AC. The α 2δ-like Protein Cachd1 Increases N-type Calcium Currents and Cell Surface Expression and Competes with α 2δ-1. Cell Rep 2019; 25:1610-1621.e5. [PMID: 30404013 PMCID: PMC6231325 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated calcium channel auxiliary α2δ subunits are important for channel trafficking and function. Here, we compare the effects of α2δ-1 and an α2δ-like protein called Cachd1 on neuronal N-type (CaV2.2) channels, which are important in neurotransmission. Previous structural studies show the α2δ-1 VWA domain interacting with the first loop in CaV1.1 domain-I via its metal ion-dependent adhesion site (MIDAS) motif and additional Cache domain interactions. Cachd1 has a disrupted MIDAS motif. However, Cachd1 increases CaV2.2 currents substantially (although less than α2δ-1) and increases CaV2.2 cell surface expression by reducing endocytosis. Although the effects of α2δ-1 are abolished by mutation of Asp122 in CaV2.2 domain-I, which mediates interaction with its VWA domain, the Cachd1 responses are unaffected. Furthermore, Cachd1 co-immunoprecipitates with CaV2.2 and inhibits co-immunoprecipitation of α2δ-1 by CaV2.2. Cachd1 also competes with α2δ-1 for effects on trafficking. Thus, Cachd1 influences both CaV2.2 trafficking and function and can inhibit responses to α2δ-1. Cachd1 enhances CaV2.2 currents and increases CaV2.2 surface expression Effects of Cachd1 are not prevented by mutation in CaV2.2 VWA interaction site The effects of α2δ-1 are prevented by the same mutation in CaV2.2 Cachd1 competes with α2δ-1 for its effects on CaV2.2
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Affiliation(s)
- Shehrazade Dahimene
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Karen M Page
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ivan Kadurin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Laurent Ferron
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Dominique Y Ho
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gareth T Powell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Wendy S Pratt
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Annette C Dolphin
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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14
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Holt RJ, Young RM, Crespo B, Ceroni F, Curry CJ, Bellacchio E, Bax DA, Ciolfi A, Simon M, Fagerberg CR, van Binsbergen E, De Luca A, Memo L, Dobyns WB, Mohammed AA, Clokie SJ, Zazo Seco C, Jiang YH, Sørensen KP, Andersen H, Sullivan J, Powis Z, Chassevent A, Smith-Hicks C, Petrovski S, Antoniadi T, Shashi V, Gelb BD, Wilson SW, Gerrelli D, Tartaglia M, Chassaing N, Calvas P, Ragge NK. De Novo Missense Variants in FBXW11 Cause Diverse Developmental Phenotypes Including Brain, Eye, and Digit Anomalies. Am J Hum Genet 2019; 105:640-657. [PMID: 31402090 PMCID: PMC6731360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of genetic variants implicated in human developmental disorders has been revolutionized by second-generation sequencing combined with international pooling of cases. Here, we describe seven individuals who have diverse yet overlapping developmental anomalies, and who all have de novo missense FBXW11 variants identified by whole exome or whole genome sequencing and not reported in the gnomAD database. Their phenotypes include striking neurodevelopmental, digital, jaw, and eye anomalies, and in one individual, features resembling Noonan syndrome, a condition caused by dysregulated RAS signaling. FBXW11 encodes an F-box protein, part of the Skp1-cullin-F-box (SCF) ubiquitin ligase complex, involved in ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation and thus fundamental to many protein regulatory processes. FBXW11 targets include β-catenin and GLI transcription factors, key mediators of Wnt and Hh signaling, respectively, critical to digital, neurological, and eye development. Structural analyses indicate affected residues cluster at the surface of the loops of the substrate-binding domain of FBXW11, and the variants are predicted to destabilize the protein and/or its interactions. In situ hybridization studies on human and zebrafish embryonic tissues demonstrate FBXW11 is expressed in the developing eye, brain, mandibular processes, and limb buds or pectoral fins. Knockdown of the zebrafish FBXW11 orthologs fbxw11a and fbxw11b resulted in embryos with smaller, misshapen, and underdeveloped eyes and abnormal jaw and pectoral fin development. Our findings support the role of FBXW11 in multiple developmental processes, including those involving the brain, eye, digits, and jaw.
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15
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Cavodeassi F, Wilson SW. Looking to the future of zebrafish as a model to understand the genetic basis of eye disease. Hum Genet 2019; 138:993-1000. [PMID: 31422478 PMCID: PMC6710215 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02055-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this brief commentary, we provide some of our thoughts and opinions on the current and future use of zebrafish to model human eye disease, dissect pathological progression and advance in our understanding of the genetic bases of microphthalmia, andophthalmia and coloboma (MAC) in humans. We provide some background on eye formation in fish and conservation and divergence across vertebrates in this process, discuss different approaches for manipulating gene function and speculate on future research areas where we think research using fish may prove to be particularly effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Cavodeassi
- Institute of Medical and Biomedical Education, St. George's, University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Biosciences, UCL, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
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16
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Lekk I, Duboc V, Faro A, Nicolaou S, Blader P, Wilson SW. Sox1a mediates the ability of the parapineal to impart habenular left-right asymmetry. eLife 2019; 8:47376. [PMID: 31373552 PMCID: PMC6677535 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Left-right asymmetries in the zebrafish habenular nuclei are dependent upon the formation of the parapineal, a unilateral group of neurons that arise from the medially positioned pineal complex. In this study, we show that both the left and right habenula are competent to adopt left-type molecular character and efferent connectivity upon the presence of only a few parapineal cells. This ability to impart left-sided character is lost in parapineal cells lacking Sox1a function, despite the normal specification of the parapineal itself. Precisely timed laser ablation experiments demonstrate that the parapineal influences neurogenesis in the left habenula at early developmental stages as well as neurotransmitter phenotype and efferent connectivity during subsequent stages of habenular differentiation. These results reveal a tight coordination between the formation of the unilateral parapineal nucleus and emergence of asymmetric habenulae, ensuring that appropriate lateralised character is propagated within left and right-sided circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Lekk
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Center for Brain Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Véronique Duboc
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (FR 3743), Centre de Biologie du Développement (UMR5547), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, CHU, Inserm, CNRS, IRCAN, Nice, France
| | - Ana Faro
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanos Nicolaou
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick Blader
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative (FR 3743), Centre de Biologie du Développement (UMR5547), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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17
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Young RM, Hawkins TA, Cavodeassi F, Stickney HL, Schwarz Q, Lawrence LM, Wierzbicki C, Cheng BY, Luo J, Ambrosio EM, Klosner A, Sealy IM, Rowell J, Trivedi CA, Bianco IH, Allende ML, Busch-Nentwich EM, Gestri G, Wilson SW. Compensatory growth renders Tcf7l1a dispensable for eye formation despite its requirement in eye field specification. eLife 2019; 8:40093. [PMID: 30777146 PMCID: PMC6380838 DOI: 10.7554/elife.40093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The vertebrate eye originates from the eye field, a domain of cells specified by a small number of transcription factors. In this study, we show that Tcf7l1a is one such transcription factor that acts cell-autonomously to specify the eye field in zebrafish. Despite the much-reduced eye field in tcf7l1a mutants, these fish develop normal eyes revealing a striking ability of the eye to recover from a severe early phenotype. This robustness is not mediated through genetic compensation at neural plate stage; instead, the smaller optic vesicle of tcf7l1a mutants shows delayed neurogenesis and continues to grow until it achieves approximately normal size. Although the developing eye is robust to the lack of Tcf7l1a function, it is sensitised to the effects of additional mutations. In support of this, a forward genetic screen identified mutations in hesx1, cct5 and gdf6a, which give synthetically enhanced eye specification or growth phenotypes when in combination with the tcf7l1a mutation. Left and right eyes develop independently, yet they consistently grow to roughly the same size in humans and other creatures. How they do this remains a mystery, though scientists have learned that both eyes originate from a single group of cells in the developing nervous system called the eye field. As development progresses, the eye field splits in two, and buds into the two separate compartments from which each eye forms. As the eyes grow, the cells in each compartment specialize, or ‘differentiate’, to make working left and right eyes. Scientists often study eye development in zebrafish embryos because it is easy to see each step in the process. Now, Young at al. show that zebrafish with a mutation that causes the eye field to be half its normal size go on to form normal-sized eyes. Somehow these developing embryos overcome this deleterious mutation. It turns out that the eyes of zebrafish with this mutation grow for a longer period of time than typical zebrafish eyes. This change allows the mutant fish’s eyes to catch up and reach normal size. When Young et al. removed some cells from one of the forming eyes of normal zebrafish embryos they found that same thing happened. The smaller eye developed for a longer time and delayed its differentiation until both eyes were the same size. Conversely, when eyes developed from a larger than normal eye field, growth stopped prematurely and differentiation began early preventing the eyes from ending up oversized. Though the fish were able to overcome the effects of one mutation to develop normal-sized eyes, adding a second mutation that affected eye development led to unusual sized eyes or absence of eyes. Together the experiments identify genes and mechanisms essential for the formation and size of the eyes. Given that the processes underlying eye formation are very similar in many animals, this new information should help scientists to better understand eye abnormalities in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo M Young
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A Hawkins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Florencia Cavodeassi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Heather L Stickney
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Quenten Schwarz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa M Lawrence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Wierzbicki
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Bowie Yl Cheng
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jingyuan Luo
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Allison Klosner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ian M Sealy
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jasmine Rowell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chintan A Trivedi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Isaac H Bianco
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Miguel L Allende
- Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Elisabeth M Busch-Nentwich
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gaia Gestri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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18
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Turner KJ, Hoyle J, Valdivia LE, Cerveny KL, Hart W, Mangoli M, Geisler R, Rees M, Houart C, Poole RJ, Wilson SW, Gestri G. Abrogation of Stem Loop Binding Protein (Slbp) function leads to a failure of cells to transition from proliferation to differentiation, retinal coloboma and midline axon guidance deficits. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211073. [PMID: 30695021 PMCID: PMC6350959 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Through forward genetic screening for mutations affecting visual system development, we identified prominent coloboma and cell-autonomous retinal neuron differentiation, lamination and retinal axon projection defects in eisspalte (ele) mutant zebrafish. Additional axonal deficits were present, most notably at midline axon commissures. Genetic mapping and cloning of the ele mutation showed that the affected gene is slbp, which encodes a conserved RNA stem-loop binding protein involved in replication dependent histone mRNA metabolism. Cells throughout the central nervous system remained in the cell cycle in ele mutant embryos at stages when, and locations where, post-mitotic cells have differentiated in wild-type siblings. Indeed, RNAseq analysis showed down-regulation of many genes associated with neuronal differentiation. This was coincident with changes in the levels and spatial localisation of expression of various genes implicated, for instance, in axon guidance, that likely underlie specific ele phenotypes. These results suggest that many of the cell and tissue specific phenotypes in ele mutant embryos are secondary to altered expression of modules of developmental regulatory genes that characterise, or promote transitions in, cell state and require the correct function of Slbp-dependent histone and chromatin regulatory genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J. Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jacqueline Hoyle
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo E. Valdivia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Kara L. Cerveny
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy Hart
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maryam Mangoli
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Geisler
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Institute of Toxicology and Genetics, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michele Rees
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Corinne Houart
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology and MRC Centre for Developmental Disorders, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Richard J. Poole
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen W. Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (GG); (SWW)
| | - Gaia Gestri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (GG); (SWW)
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19
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Abstract
Coloboma is a defect in the morphogenesis of the eye that is a consequence of failure of choroid fissure fusion. It is among the most common congenital defects in humans and can significantly impact vision. However, very little is known about the cellular mechanisms that regulate choroid fissure closure. Using high-resolution confocal imaging of the zebrafish optic cup, we find that apico-basal polarity is re-modeled in cells lining the fissure in proximal to distal and inner to outer gradients during fusion. This process is accompanied by cell proliferation, displacement of vasculature, and contact between cells lining the choroid fissure and periocular mesenchyme (POM). To investigate the role of POM cells in closure of the fissure, we transplanted optic vesicles onto the yolk, allowing them to develop in a situation where they are depleted of POM. The choroid fissure forms normally in ectopic eyes but fusion fails in this condition, despite timely apposition of the nasal and temporal lips of the retina. This study resolves some of the cell behaviors underlying choroid fissure fusion and supports a role for POM in choroid fissure fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Gestri
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Naiara Bazin-Lopez
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Clarissa Scholes
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Division of Biosciences, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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20
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Krasnow AM, Ford MC, Valdivia LE, Wilson SW, Attwell D. Regulation of developing myelin sheath elongation by oligodendrocyte calcium transients in vivo. Nat Neurosci 2017; 21:24-28. [PMID: 29230052 PMCID: PMC6478117 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-017-0031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
How action potentials regulate myelination by oligodendrocytes is uncertain. We show that neuronal activity raises [Ca2+]i in developing oligodendrocytes in vivo, and that myelin sheath elongation is promoted by a high frequency of [Ca2+]i transients and prevented by [Ca2+]i-buffering. Sheath elongation occurs ~1 hour after [Ca2+]i elevation. Sheath shortening is associated with a low frequency of [Ca2+]i transients but with longer duration [Ca2+]i bursts. Thus, [Ca2+]i controls myelin sheath development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Krasnow
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.
| | - Marc C Ford
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Leonardo E Valdivia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK.,Center for Integrative Biology, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Mayor, Santiago, Chile
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - David Attwell
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK.
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21
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Stainier DYR, Raz E, Lawson ND, Ekker SC, Burdine RD, Eisen JS, Ingham PW, Schulte-Merker S, Yelon D, Weinstein BM, Mullins MC, Wilson SW, Ramakrishnan L, Amacher SL, Neuhauss SCF, Meng A, Mochizuki N, Panula P, Moens CB. Guidelines for morpholino use in zebrafish. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1007000. [PMID: 29049395 PMCID: PMC5648102 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Didier Y. R. Stainier
- Department of Developmental Genetics, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Erez Raz
- Institute of Cell Biology, ZBME, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nathan D. Lawson
- Department of Molecular, Cell, and Cancer Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Rebecca D. Burdine
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Judith S. Eisen
- Institute of Neuroscience, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Philip W. Ingham
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- The Living Systems Institute, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Schulte-Merker
- Institute of Cardiovascular Organogenesis and Regeneration, WWU Münster, Faculty of Medicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Deborah Yelon
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America
| | - Brant M. Weinstein
- Division of Developmental Biology, NICHD, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mary C. Mullins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Stephen W. Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lalita Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Sharon L. Amacher
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | | | - Anming Meng
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Naoki Mochizuki
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Pertti Panula
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Cecilia B. Moens
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
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22
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Shainer I, Buchshtab A, Hawkins TA, Wilson SW, Cone RD, Gothilf Y. Novel hypophysiotropic AgRP2 neurons and pineal cells revealed by BAC transgenesis in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44777. [PMID: 28317906 PMCID: PMC5357965 DOI: 10.1038/srep44777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuropeptide agouti-related protein (AgRP) is expressed in the arcuate nucleus of the mammalian hypothalamus and plays a key role in regulating food consumption and energy homeostasis. Fish express two agrp genes in the brain: agrp1, considered functionally homologous with the mammalian AgRP, and agrp2. The role of agrp2 and its relationship to agrp1 are not fully understood. Utilizing BAC transgenesis, we generated transgenic zebrafish in which agrp1- and agrp2-expressing cells can be visualized and manipulated. By characterizing these transgenic lines, we showed that agrp1-expressing neurons are located in the ventral periventricular hypothalamus (the equivalent of the mammalian arcuate nucleus), projecting throughout the hypothalamus and towards the preoptic area. The agrp2 gene was expressed in the pineal gland in a previously uncharacterized subgroup of cells. Additionally, agrp2 was expressed in a small group of neurons in the preoptic area that project directly towards the pituitary and form an interface with the pituitary vasculature, suggesting that preoptic AgRP2 neurons are hypophysiotropic. We showed that direct synaptic connection can exist between AgRP1 and AgRP2 neurons in the hypothalamus, suggesting communication and coordination between AgRP1 and AgRP2 neurons and, therefore, probably also between the processes they regulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inbal Shainer
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Adi Buchshtab
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Thomas A. Hawkins
- The Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen W. Wilson
- The Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Roger D. Cone
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yoav Gothilf
- Department of Neurobiology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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23
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Park CG, Min S, Lee GS, Kim S, Lee Y, Lee S, Hong KJ, Wilson SW, Akimoto SI, Lee W. Genetic Variability of the Invasive Species Metcalfa pruinosa (Hemiptera: Flatidae) in the Republic of Korea. J Econ Entomol 2016; 109:1897-1906. [PMID: 27247301 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tow097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Metcalfa pruinosa (Say, 1830) (Hemiptera: Flatidae) has caused substantial agricultural damage since its recent introduction to the Republic of Korea; however, the source of this introduction is still unclear. To examine the genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships among several populations of M. pruinosa from Korea and foreign countries, 251 COI sequences from 251 samples collected from Korea, France, Italy, Spain, Slovenia, and the United States were newly analyzed, together with seven published COI sequences from Canada. In total, 19 haplotypes were detected from the 258 COI sequences, and three haplotypes, H1, H3, and H9, were detected from samples in Korea. The MJ network and Bayesian inference revealed that the three haplotypes of Korea were closely connected with samples of Italy, Spain, Slovenia, France, and the United States. Our study revealed the possibility of multiple invasions of M. pruinosa from Europe and/or North America into Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Gyu Park
- Crop Protection Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA 55365, Republic of Korea (; ; )
| | - Sujeong Min
- Crop Protection Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA 55365, Republic of Korea (; ; )
| | - Gwan-Seok Lee
- Crop Protection Division, Department of Agricultural Biology, National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA 55365, Republic of Korea (; ; )
| | - Sora Kim
- Laboratory of insect Biosystematics, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University 08826, Republic of Korea (; ; )
| | - Yerim Lee
- Laboratory of insect Biosystematics, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University 08826, Republic of Korea (; ; )
| | - Seunghwan Lee
- Laboratory of insect Biosystematics, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University 08826, Republic of Korea (; ; )
| | - Ki-Jeong Hong
- Deparment of Plant Medicine, College of Life Science and Natural Resources, Sunchon National University 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, University of Central Missouri, Warrensburg, MO 64093
| | - Shin-Ichi Akimoto
- Laboratory of Systematic Entomology, Department of Ecology and Systematics, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | - Wonhoon Lee
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, 177, Hyeoksin 8-ro, Gimcheon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 39660, Republic of Korea
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24
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Tuschl K, Meyer E, Valdivia LE, Zhao N, Dadswell C, Abdul-Sada A, Hung CY, Simpson MA, Chong WK, Jacques TS, Woltjer RL, Eaton S, Gregory A, Sanford L, Kara E, Houlden H, Cuno SM, Prokisch H, Valletta L, Tiranti V, Younis R, Maher ER, Spencer J, Straatman-Iwanowska A, Gissen P, Selim LAM, Pintos-Morell G, Coroleu-Lletget W, Mohammad SS, Yoganathan S, Dale RC, Thomas M, Rihel J, Bodamer OA, Enns CA, Hayflick SJ, Clayton PT, Mills PB, Kurian MA, Wilson SW. Mutations in SLC39A14 disrupt manganese homeostasis and cause childhood-onset parkinsonism-dystonia. Nat Commun 2016; 7:11601. [PMID: 27231142 PMCID: PMC4894980 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms11601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although manganese is an essential trace metal, little is known about its transport and homeostatic regulation. Here we have identified a cohort of patients with a novel autosomal recessive manganese transporter defect caused by mutations in SLC39A14. Excessive accumulation of manganese in these patients results in rapidly progressive childhood-onset parkinsonism-dystonia with distinctive brain magnetic resonance imaging appearances and neurodegenerative features on post-mortem examination. We show that mutations in SLC39A14 impair manganese transport in vitro and lead to manganese dyshomeostasis and altered locomotor activity in zebrafish with CRISPR-induced slc39a14 null mutations. Chelation with disodium calcium edetate lowers blood manganese levels in patients and can lead to striking clinical improvement. Our results demonstrate that SLC39A14 functions as a pivotal manganese transporter in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Tuschl
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Esther Meyer
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Leonardo E Valdivia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ningning Zhao
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health &Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Chris Dadswell
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Alaa Abdul-Sada
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Christina Y Hung
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Michael A Simpson
- Division of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - W K Chong
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Thomas S Jacques
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Institute of Child Health and Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Randy L Woltjer
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Simon Eaton
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Allison Gregory
- Department of Molecular &Medical Genetics, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Lynn Sanford
- Department of Molecular &Medical Genetics, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Eleanna Kara
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK.,Alzheimer's Disease Research Centre, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Henry Houlden
- Institute of Neurology, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Stephan M Cuno
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Holger Prokisch
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, Munich 81675, Germany.,Institute of Human Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Lorella Valletta
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, IRCCS, Foundation Neurological Institute 'C. Besta', Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Valeria Tiranti
- Unit of Molecular Neurogenetics, IRCCS, Foundation Neurological Institute 'C. Besta', Milan 20133, Italy
| | - Rasha Younis
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Centre for Rare Diseases and Personalised Medicine, School of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.,Department of Medical Genetics, School of Clinical Medicine, University of Cambridge, and Cambridge NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John Spencer
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK
| | - Ania Straatman-Iwanowska
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Cell Biology Unit, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paul Gissen
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK.,MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology and Cell Biology Unit, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.,Department of Metabolic Medicine, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Trust, London WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - Laila A M Selim
- Department of Paediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Children's Hospital, Cairo 11432, Egypt
| | - Guillem Pintos-Morell
- Department of Paediatrics, Section of Paediatric Nephrology, Genetics and Metabolism, Unit of Rare Diseases, University Hospital 'Germans Trias I Pujol', Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Wifredo Coroleu-Lletget
- Department of Paediatrics, Paediatric Neurology and Neonatology Unit, University Hospital 'Germans Trias I Pujol', Badalona 08916, Spain
| | - Shekeeb S Mohammad
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Sangeetha Yoganathan
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore 632 004, India
| | - Russell C Dale
- Neuroimmunology Group, Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Kids Research Institute at the Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Westmead NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Maya Thomas
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore 632 004, India
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Olaf A Bodamer
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Caroline A Enns
- Department of Cell, Development and Cancer Biology, Oregon Health &Sciences University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Susan J Hayflick
- Department of Molecular &Medical Genetics, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Department of Neurology, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health &Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA
| | - Peter T Clayton
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Philippa B Mills
- Genetics and Genomic Medicine, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Manju A Kurian
- Developmental Neurosciences, UCL Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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25
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Abstract
The habenulae are bilateral nuclei located in the dorsal diencephalon that are conserved across vertebrates. Here we describe the main afferents to the habenulae in larval and adult zebrafish. We observe afferents from the subpallium, nucleus rostrolateralis, posterior tuberculum, posterior hypothalamic lobe, median raphe; we also see asymmetric afferents from olfactory bulb to the right habenula, and from the parapineal to the left habenula. In addition, we find afferents from a ventrolateral telencephalic nucleus that neurochemical and hodological data identify as the ventral entopeduncular nucleus (vENT), confirming and extending observations of Amo et al. (2014). Fate map and marker studies suggest that vENT originates from the diencephalic prethalamic eminence and extends into the lateral telencephalon from 48 to 120 hour post-fertilization (hpf). No afferents to the habenula were observed from the dorsal entopeduncular nucleus (dENT). Consequently, we confirm that the vENT (and not the dENT) should be considered as the entopeduncular nucleus "proper" in zebrafish. Furthermore, comparison with data in other vertebrates suggests that the vENT is a conserved basal ganglia nucleus, being homologous to the entopeduncular nucleus of mammals (internal segment of the globus pallidus of primates) by both embryonic origin and projections, as previously suggested by Amo et al. (2014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J. Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL)London, UK
| | - Thomas A. Hawkins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL)London, UK
| | - Julián Yáñez
- Neurover Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of A Coruña (UDC)A Coruña, Spain
| | - Ramón Anadón
- Department of Cell Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Biology, University of Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Stephen W. Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL)London, UK
| | - Mónica Folgueira
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London (UCL)London, UK
- Neurover Group, Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of A Coruña (UDC)A Coruña, Spain
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26
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Valdivia LE, Lamb DB, Horner W, Wierzbicki C, Tafessu A, Williams AM, Gestri G, Krasnow AM, Vleeshouwer-Neumann TS, Givens M, Young RM, Lawrence LM, Stickney HL, Hawkins TA, Schwarz QP, Cavodeassi F, Wilson SW, Cerveny KL. Antagonism between Gdf6a and retinoic acid pathways controls timing of retinal neurogenesis and growth of the eye in zebrafish. Development 2016; 143:1087-98. [PMID: 26893342 PMCID: PMC4852494 DOI: 10.1242/dev.130922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining neurogenesis in growing tissues requires a tight balance between progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. In the zebrafish retina, neuronal differentiation proceeds in two stages with embryonic retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) of the central retina accounting for the first rounds of differentiation, and stem cells from the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) being responsible for late neurogenesis and growth of the eye. In this study, we analyse two mutants with small eyes that display defects during both early and late phases of retinal neurogenesis. These mutants carry lesions in gdf6a, a gene encoding a BMP family member previously implicated in dorsoventral patterning of the eye. We show that gdf6a mutant eyes exhibit expanded retinoic acid (RA) signalling and demonstrate that exogenous activation of this pathway in wild-type eyes inhibits retinal growth, generating small eyes with a reduced CMZ and fewer proliferating progenitors, similar to gdf6a mutants. We provide evidence that RA regulates the timing of RPC differentiation by promoting cell cycle exit. Furthermore, reducing RA signalling in gdf6a mutants re-establishes appropriate timing of embryonic retinal neurogenesis and restores putative stem and progenitor cell populations in the CMZ. Together, our results support a model in which dorsally expressed gdf6a limits RA pathway activity to control the transition from proliferation to differentiation in the growing eye. Summary: In the vertebrate eye, dorsally expressed Gdf6a limits RA pathway activity to control the transition from proliferation to differentiation, thereby regulating eye size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo E Valdivia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Dayna B Lamb
- Department of Biology, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Boulevard, Portland, OR 97202, USA
| | - Wilson Horner
- Department of Biology, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Boulevard, Portland, OR 97202, USA
| | - Claudia Wierzbicki
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Amanuel Tafessu
- Department of Biology, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Boulevard, Portland, OR 97202, USA
| | - Audrey M Williams
- Department of Biology, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Boulevard, Portland, OR 97202, USA
| | - Gaia Gestri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anna M Krasnow
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | | | - McKenzie Givens
- Department of Biology, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Boulevard, Portland, OR 97202, USA
| | - Rodrigo M Young
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lisa M Lawrence
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Heather L Stickney
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Thomas A Hawkins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Quenten P Schwarz
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Florencia Cavodeassi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Kara L Cerveny
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK Department of Biology, Reed College, 3203 SE Woodstock Boulevard, Portland, OR 97202, USA
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27
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Hoffman EJ, Turner KJ, Fernandez JM, Cifuentes D, Ghosh M, Ijaz S, Jain RA, Kubo F, Bill BR, Baier H, Granato M, Barresi MJF, Wilson SW, Rihel J, State MW, Giraldez AJ. Estrogens Suppress a Behavioral Phenotype in Zebrafish Mutants of the Autism Risk Gene, CNTNAP2. Neuron 2016; 89:725-33. [PMID: 26833134 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of devastating neurodevelopmental syndromes that affect up to 1 in 68 children. Despite advances in the identification of ASD risk genes, the mechanisms underlying ASDs remain unknown. Homozygous loss-of-function mutations in Contactin Associated Protein-like 2 (CNTNAP2) are strongly linked to ASDs. Here we investigate the function of Cntnap2 and undertake pharmacological screens to identify phenotypic suppressors. We find that zebrafish cntnap2 mutants display GABAergic deficits, particularly in the forebrain, and sensitivity to drug-induced seizures. High-throughput behavioral profiling identifies nighttime hyperactivity in cntnap2 mutants, while pharmacological testing reveals dysregulation of GABAergic and glutamatergic systems. Finally, we find that estrogen receptor agonists elicit a behavioral fingerprint anti-correlative to that of cntnap2 mutants and show that the phytoestrogen biochanin A specifically reverses the mutant behavioral phenotype. These results identify estrogenic compounds as phenotypic suppressors and illuminate novel pharmacological pathways with relevance to autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen J Hoffman
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Katherine J Turner
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Joseph M Fernandez
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Daniel Cifuentes
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marcus Ghosh
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Sundas Ijaz
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Roshan A Jain
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Biology, Haverford College, Haverford, PA 19041, USA
| | - Fumi Kubo
- Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Brent R Bill
- Center for Autism Research and Treatment, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Biology, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, TX 75799, USA
| | - Herwig Baier
- Department Genes - Circuits - Behavior, Max Planck Institute of Neurobiology, Am Klopferspitz 18, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Michael Granato
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael J F Barresi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, Northampton, MA 01063, USA
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jason Rihel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Matthew W State
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Program on Neurogenetics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Antonio J Giraldez
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Folgueira M, Bayley P, Navratilova P, Becker TS, Wilson SW, Clarke JD. Erratum to: Morphogenesis underlying the development of the everted teleost telencephalon. Neural Dev 2015; 10:22. [PMID: 26463821 PMCID: PMC4605123 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-015-0048-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Folgueira
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.,Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of A Coruña, 15008, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Philippa Bayley
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Pavla Navratilova
- Sars Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, 5008, Bergen, Norway.,Developmental Neurobiology and Genomics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Thomas S Becker
- Sars Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, 5008, Bergen, Norway.,Developmental Neurobiology and Genomics, Brain and Mind Research Institute, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jonathan Dw Clarke
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK. .,MRC Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College London, Guy's Hospital Campus, London, SE1 1UL, UK.
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Hernández-Bejarano M, Gestri G, Spawls L, Nieto-López F, Picker A, Tada M, Brand M, Bovolenta P, Wilson SW, Cavodeassi F. Opposing Shh and Fgf signals initiate nasotemporal patterning of the zebrafish retina. Development 2015; 142:3933-42. [PMID: 26428010 PMCID: PMC4712879 DOI: 10.1242/dev.125120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The earliest known determinants of retinal nasotemporal identity are the transcriptional regulators Foxg1, which is expressed in the prospective nasal optic vesicle, and Foxd1, which is expressed in the prospective temporal optic vesicle. Previous work has shown that, in zebrafish, Fgf signals from the dorsal forebrain and olfactory primordia are required to specify nasal identity in the dorsal, prospective nasal, optic vesicle. Here, we show that Hh signalling from the ventral forebrain is required for specification of temporal identity in the ventral optic vesicle and is sufficient to induce temporal character when activated in the prospective nasal retina. Consequently, the evaginating optic vesicles become partitioned into prospective nasal and temporal domains by the opposing actions of Fgfs and Shh emanating from dorsal and ventral domains of the forebrain primordium. In absence of Fgf activity, foxd1 expression is established irrespective of levels of Hh signalling, indicating that the role of Shh in promoting foxd1 expression is only required in the presence of Fgf activity. Once the spatially complementary expression of foxd1 and foxg1 is established, the boundary between expression domains is maintained by mutual repression between Foxd1 and Foxg1. Summary: In the fish eye, Hh signalling from the ventral forebrain regulates spatial identity in the retina by promoting foxd1 expression. This role is required only in the presence of Fgf activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gaia Gestri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Lana Spawls
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Francisco Nieto-López
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexander Picker
- Center of Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Biotechnology Center, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Masazumi Tada
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Michael Brand
- Center of Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Biotechnology Center, Dresden University of Technology, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Paola Bovolenta
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1 6BT, UK
| | - Florencia Cavodeassi
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
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Miesfeld JB, Gestri G, Clark BS, Flinn MA, Poole RJ, Bader JR, Besharse JC, Wilson SW, Link BA. Yap and Taz regulate retinal pigment epithelial cell fate. J Cell Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.179598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Miesfeld JB, Gestri G, Clark BS, Flinn MA, Poole RJ, Bader JR, Besharse JC, Wilson SW, Link BA. Yap and Taz regulate retinal pigment epithelial cell fate. Development 2015; 142:3021-32. [PMID: 26209646 PMCID: PMC4582179 DOI: 10.1242/dev.119008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The optic vesicle comprises a pool of bi-potential progenitor cells from which the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neural retina fates segregate during ocular morphogenesis. Several transcription factors and signaling pathways have been shown to be important for RPE maintenance and differentiation, but an understanding of the initial fate specification and determination of this ocular cell type is lacking. We show that Yap/Taz-Tead activity is necessary and sufficient for optic vesicle progenitors to adopt RPE identity in zebrafish. A Tead-responsive transgene is expressed within the domain of the optic cup from which RPE arises, and Yap immunoreactivity localizes to the nuclei of prospective RPE cells. yap (yap1) mutants lack a subset of RPE cells and/or exhibit coloboma. Loss of RPE in yap mutants is exacerbated in combination with taz (wwtr1) mutant alleles such that, when Yap and Taz are both absent, optic vesicle progenitor cells completely lose their ability to form RPE. The mechanism of Yap-dependent RPE cell type determination is reliant on both nuclear localization of Yap and interaction with a Tead co-factor. In contrast to loss of Yap and Taz, overexpression of either protein within optic vesicle progenitors leads to ectopic pigmentation in a dosage-dependent manner. Overall, this study identifies Yap and Taz as key early regulators of RPE genesis and provides a mechanistic framework for understanding the congenital ocular defects of Sveinsson's chorioretinal atrophy and congenital retinal coloboma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel B Miesfeld
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Gaia Gestri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Brian S Clark
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Michael A Flinn
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Richard J Poole
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jason R Bader
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Joseph C Besharse
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Brian A Link
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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Abstract
Adult zebrafish are robustly social animals whereas larva is not. We designed an assay to determine at what stage of development zebrafish begin to interact with and prefer other fish. One week old zebrafish do not show significant social preference whereas most 3 weeks old zebrafish strongly prefer to remain in a compartment where they can view conspecifics. However, for some individuals, the presence of conspecifics drives avoidance instead of attraction. Social preference is dependent on vision and requires viewing fish of a similar age/size. In addition, over the same 1–3 weeks period larval zebrafish increasingly tend to coordinate their movements, a simple form of social interaction. Finally, social preference and coupled interactions are differentially modified by an NMDAR antagonist and acute exposure to ethanol, both of which are known to alter social behavior in adult zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dreosti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London London, UK
| | - Gonçalo Lopes
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adam R Kampff
- Champalimaud Neuroscience Programme, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London London, UK
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Le Cesne M, Wilson SW, Soulier-Perkins A. Elevational gradient of Hemiptera (Heteroptera, Auchenorrhyncha) on a tropical mountain in Papua New Guinea. PeerJ 2015; 3:e978. [PMID: 26056617 PMCID: PMC4458135 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaise trap sampling of Hemiptera (Heteroptera; Auchenorrhyncha) was conducted at 500 m intervals along an elevational gradient from 200 m to 3,700 m on the east slope of Mount Wilhelm, Madang Province, Papua New Guinea. Hemiptera had a decrease in morphospecies richness and overall abundance with increasing elevation, however, the Heteroptera did not exhibit either pattern. A few species were relatively abundant at each elevation, whereas the majority of species were represented by ≤5 specimens. Morphospecies richness of Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadomorpha, Fulgoromorpha, Cicadellidae, Cixiidae, and Derbidae also decreased with increasing elevation but abundance decline was not significant due to the large number of specimens captured at 200 m relative to those captured at higher elevations. The percentage of Cicadomorpha specimens decreased with increasing elevation relative to that of the Fulgoromorpha which increased with increasing elevation. Environmental factors that may influence patterns of species richness along the elevational gradient are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Le Cesne
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205 CNRS-UPMC-EPHE, Sorbonne Universités , Paris , France
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Biology and Agriculture, University of Central Missouri , Warrensburg, MI , USA
| | - Adeline Soulier-Perkins
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (MNHN), Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), UMR 7205 CNRS-UPMC-EPHE, Sorbonne Universités , Paris , France
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34
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Abstract
Vertebrate eye formation is a multistep process requiring coordinated inductive interactions between neural and non-neural ectoderm and underlying mesendoderm. The induction and shaping of the eyes involves an elaborate cellular choreography characterized by precise changes in cell shape coupled with complex cellular and epithelial movements. Consequently, the forming eye is an excellent model to study the cellular mechanisms underlying complex tissue morphogenesis. Using examples largely drawn from recent studies of optic vesicle formation in zebrafish and in cultured embryonic stem cells, in this short review, we highlight some recent advances in our understanding of the events that shape the vertebrate eye.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naiara Bazin-Lopez
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Leonardo E Valdivia
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
| | - Gaia Gestri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom.
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Hüsken U, Stickney HL, Gestri G, Bianco IH, Faro A, Young RM, Roussigne M, Hawkins TA, Beretta CA, Brinkmann I, Paolini A, Jacinto R, Albadri S, Dreosti E, Tsalavouta M, Schwarz Q, Cavodeassi F, Barth AK, Wen L, Zhang B, Blader P, Yaksi E, Poggi L, Zigman M, Lin S, Wilson SW, Carl M. Tcf7l2 is required for left-right asymmetric differentiation of habenular neurons. Curr Biol 2014; 24:2217-27. [PMID: 25201686 PMCID: PMC4194317 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although left-right asymmetries are common features of nervous systems, their developmental bases are largely unknown. In the zebrafish epithalamus, dorsal habenular neurons adopt medial (dHbm) and lateral (dHbl) subnuclear character at very different frequencies on the left and right sides. The left-sided parapineal promotes the elaboration of dHbl character in the left habenula, albeit by an unknown mechanism. Likewise, the genetic pathways acting within habenular neurons to control their asymmetric differentiated character are unknown. RESULTS In a forward genetic screen for mutations that result in loss of habenular asymmetry, we identified two mutant alleles of tcf7l2, a gene that encodes a transcriptional regulator of Wnt signaling. In tcf7l2 mutants, most neurons on both sides differentiate with dHbl identity. Consequently, the habenulae develop symmetrically, with both sides adopting a pronounced leftward character. Tcf7l2 acts cell automously in nascent equipotential neurons, and on the right side, it promotes dHbm and suppresses dHbl differentiation. On the left, the parapineal prevents this Tcf7l2-dependent process, thereby promoting dHbl differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Tcf7l2 is essential for lateralized fate selection by habenular neurons that can differentiate along two alternative pathways, thereby leading to major neural circuit asymmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Hüsken
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Heather L Stickney
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Gaia Gestri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Isaac H Bianco
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Ana Faro
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Rodrigo M Young
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Myriam Roussigne
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Centre de Biologie du Développement (CDB), UPS, Université de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, France; CNRS, CDB UMR 5547, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Thomas A Hawkins
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Carlo A Beretta
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Irena Brinkmann
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alessio Paolini
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Raquel Jacinto
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Shahad Albadri
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Elena Dreosti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Neuroelectronics Research Flanders, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matina Tsalavouta
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Quenten Schwarz
- Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London EC1V 9EL, UK
| | - Florencia Cavodeassi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Anukampa K Barth
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Lu Wen
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Patrick Blader
- Centre de Biologie du Développement (CDB), UPS, Université de Toulouse, 118 Route de Narbonne, 31062, France; CNRS, CDB UMR 5547, 31062 Toulouse, France
| | - Emre Yaksi
- Neuroelectronics Research Flanders, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lucia Poggi
- Centre for Organismal Studies, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mihaela Zigman
- Department of Molecular Evolution and Genomics, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 329, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shuo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, 621 Charles E. Young Drive, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Matthias Carl
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany.
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Dreosti E, Vendrell Llopis N, Carl M, Yaksi E, Wilson SW. Left-right asymmetry is required for the habenulae to respond to both visual and olfactory stimuli. Curr Biol 2014; 24:440-5. [PMID: 24508167 PMCID: PMC3969106 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Left-right asymmetries are most likely a universal feature of bilaterian nervous systems and may serve to increase neural capacity by specializing equivalent structures on left and right sides for distinct roles [1]. However, little is known about how asymmetries are encoded within vertebrate neural circuits and how lateralization influences processing of information in the brain. Consequently, it remains unclear the extent to which lateralization of the nervous system is important for normal cognitive and other brain functions and whether defects in lateralization contribute to neurological deficits [2]. Here we show that sensory responses to light and odor are lateralized in larval zebrafish habenulae and that loss of brain asymmetry leads to concomitant loss of responsiveness to either visual or olfactory stimuli. We find that in wild-type zebrafish, most habenular neurons responding to light are present on the left, whereas neurons responding to odor are more frequent on the right. Manipulations that reverse the direction of brain asymmetry reverse the functional properties of habenular neurons, whereas manipulations that generate either double-left- or double-right-sided brains lead to loss of habenular responsiveness to either odor or light, respectively. Our results indicate that loss of brain lateralization has significant consequences upon sensory processing and circuit function. Habenular neuron responses to light and odor stimuli are lateralized Lateralized habenular light responses depend upon the eyes Loss of brain asymmetry leads to a loss of either light or odor responses
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Dreosti
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; NERF, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Nuria Vendrell Llopis
- NERF, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Matthias Carl
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Ludolf-Krehl-Strasse 13-17, 68167 Mannheim, Germany
| | - Emre Yaksi
- NERF, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; KU Leuven, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; VIB, Kapeldreef 75, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Stephen W Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Bibi AB, Wilson SW, Anwar NA. P216 Analysing the success rates of pleurodesis in patients admitted to an elective short stay ward. Thorax 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/thoraxjnl-2013-204457.368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Colombo A, Palma K, Armijo L, Mione M, Signore IA, Morales C, Guerrero N, Meynard MM, Pérez R, Suazo J, Marcelain K, Briones L, Härtel S, Wilson SW, Concha ML. Daam1a mediates asymmetric habenular morphogenesis by regulating dendritic and axonal outgrowth. Development 2013; 140:3997-4007. [PMID: 24046318 PMCID: PMC3775416 DOI: 10.1242/dev.091934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Although progress has been made in resolving the genetic pathways that specify neuronal asymmetries in the brain, little is known about genes that mediate the development of structural asymmetries between neurons on left and right. In this study, we identify daam1a as an asymmetric component of the signalling pathways leading to asymmetric morphogenesis of the habenulae in zebrafish. Daam1a is a member of the Formin family of actin-binding proteins and the extent of Daam1a expression in habenular neuron dendrites mirrors the asymmetric growth of habenular neuropil between left and right. Local loss and gain of Daam1a function affects neither cell number nor subtype organisation but leads to a decrease or increase of neuropil, respectively. Daam1a therefore plays a key role in the asymmetric growth of habenular neuropil downstream of the pathways that specify asymmetric cellular domains in the habenulae. In addition, Daam1a mediates the development of habenular efferent connectivity as local loss and gain of Daam1a function impairs or enhances, respectively, the growth of habenular neuron terminals in the interpeduncular nucleus. Abrogation of Daam1a disrupts the growth of both dendritic and axonal processes and results in disorganised filamentous actin and α-tubulin. Our results indicate that Daam1a plays a key role in asymmetric habenular morphogenesis mediating the growth of dendritic and axonal processes in dorsal habenular neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Colombo
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago 8380453, Chile
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Cavodeassi F, Ivanovitch K, Wilson SW. Eph/Ephrin signalling maintains eye field segregation from adjacent neural plate territories during forebrain morphogenesis. Development 2013; 140:4193-202. [PMID: 24026122 PMCID: PMC3787759 DOI: 10.1242/dev.097048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
During forebrain morphogenesis, there is extensive reorganisation of the cells destined to form the eyes, telencephalon and diencephalon. Little is known about the molecular mechanisms that regulate region-specific behaviours and that maintain the coherence of cell populations undergoing specific morphogenetic processes. In this study, we show that the activity of the Eph/Ephrin signalling pathway maintains segregation between the prospective eyes and adjacent regions of the anterior neural plate during the early stages of forebrain morphogenesis in zebrafish. Several Ephrins and Ephs are expressed in complementary domains in the prospective forebrain and combinatorial abrogation of their activity results in incomplete segregation of the eyes and telencephalon and in defective evagination of the optic vesicles. Conversely, expression of exogenous Ephs or Ephrins in regions of the prospective forebrain where they are not usually expressed changes the adhesion properties of the cells, resulting in segregation to the wrong domain without changing their regional fate. The failure of eye morphogenesis in rx3 mutants is accompanied by a loss of complementary expression of Ephs and Ephrins, suggesting that this pathway is activated downstream of the regional fate specification machinery to establish boundaries between domains undergoing different programmes of morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kenzo Ivanovitch
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Stephen W. Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Mahmood F, Fu S, Cooke J, Wilson SW, Cooper JD, Russell C. A zebrafish model of CLN2 disease is deficient in tripeptidyl peptidase 1 and displays progressive neurodegeneration accompanied by a reduction in proliferation. Brain 2013; 136:1488-507. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awt043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Chiavacci E, Dolfi L, Verduci L, Meghini F, Gestri G, Evangelista AMM, Wilson SW, Cremisi F, Pitto L. MicroRNA 218 mediates the effects of Tbx5a over-expression on zebrafish heart development. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50536. [PMID: 23226307 PMCID: PMC3511548 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
tbx5, a member of the T-box gene family, encodes one of the key transcription factors mediating vertebrate heart development. Tbx5 function in heart development appears to be exquisitely sensitive to gene dosage, since both haploinsufficiency and gene duplication generate the cardiac abnormalities associated with Holt−Oram syndrome (HOS), a highly penetrant autosomal dominant disease characterized by congenital heart defects of varying severity and upper limb malformation. It is suggested that tight integration of microRNAs and transcription factors into the cardiac genetic circuitry provides a rich and robust array of regulatory interactions to control cardiac gene expression. Based on these considerations, we performed an in silico screening to identify microRNAs embedded in genes highly sensitive to Tbx5 dosage. Among the identified microRNAs, we focused our attention on miR-218-1 that, together with its host gene, slit2, is involved in heart development. We found correlated expression of tbx5 and miR-218 during cardiomyocyte differentiation of mouse P19CL6 cells. In zebrafish embryos, we show that both Tbx5 and miR-218 dysregulation have a severe impact on heart development, affecting early heart morphogenesis. Interestingly, down-regulation of miR-218 is able to rescue the heart defects generated by tbx5 over-expression supporting the notion that miR-218 is a crucial mediator of Tbx5 in heart development and suggesting its possible involvement in the onset of heart malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Dolfi
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
| | | | | | - Gaia Gestri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Stephen W. Wilson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Letizia Pitto
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, CNR, Pisa, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Fish and amphibia are capable of lifelong growth and regeneration. The two core components of their visual system, the retina and tectum both maintain small populations of stem cells that contribute new neurons and glia to these tissues as they grow. As the animals age, the initial retinal projections onto the tectum are continuously remodeled to maintain retinotopy. These properties raise several biological challenges related to the control of proliferation and differentiation of retinal and tectal stem cells. For instance, how do stem and progenitor cells integrate intrinsic and extrinsic cues to produce the appropriate type and number of cells needed by the growing tissue. Does retinal growth or neuronal activity influence tectal growth? What are the cellular and molecular mechanisms that enable retinal axons to shift their tectal connections as these two tissues grow in incongruent patterns? While we cannot yet provide answers to these questions, this review attempts to supply background and context, laying the ground work for new investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Cerveny
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College, London, UK
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44
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Roussigne M, Blader P, Wilson SW. Breaking symmetry: the zebrafish as a model for understanding left-right asymmetry in the developing brain. Dev Neurobiol 2012; 72:269-81. [PMID: 22553774 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.20885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
How does left-right asymmetry develop in the brain and how does the resultant asymmetric circuitry impact on brain function and lateralized behaviors? By enabling scientists to address these questions at the levels of genes, neurons, circuitry and behavior,the zebrafish model system provides a route to resolve the complexity of brain lateralization. In this review, we present the progress made towards characterizing the nature of the gene networks and the sequence of morphogenetic events involved in the asymmetric development of zebrafish epithalamus. In an attempt to integrate the recent extensive knowledge into a working model and to identify the future challenges,we discuss how insights gained at a cellular/developmental level can be linked to the data obtained at a molecular/genetic level. Finally, we present some evolutionary thoughts and discuss how significant discoveries made in zebrafish should provide entry points to better understand the evolutionary origins of brain lateralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam Roussigne
- Universite Paul Sabatier, Centre de Biologie du Developpement,Toulouse, France.
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45
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Folgueira M, Bayley P, Navratilova P, Becker TS, Wilson SW, Clarke JDW. Morphogenesis underlying the development of the everted teleost telencephalon. Neural Dev 2012; 7:32. [PMID: 22989074 PMCID: PMC3520737 DOI: 10.1186/1749-8104-7-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although the mechanisms underlying brain patterning and regionalization are very much conserved, the morphology of different brain regions is extraordinarily variable across vertebrate phylogeny. This is especially manifest in the telencephalon, where the most dramatic variation is seen between ray-finned fish, which have an everted telencephalon, and all other vertebrates, which have an evaginated telencephalon. The mechanisms that generate these distinct morphologies are not well understood. Results Here we study the morphogenesis of the zebrafish telencephalon from 12 hours post fertilization (hpf) to 5 days post fertilization (dpf) by analyzing forebrain ventricle formation, evolving patterns of gene and transgene expression, neuronal organization, and fate mapping. Our results highlight two key events in telencephalon morphogenesis. First, the formation of a deep ventricular recess between telencephalon and diencephalon, the anterior intraencephalic sulcus (AIS), effectively creates a posterior ventricular wall to the telencephalic lobes. This process displaces the most posterior neuroepithelial territory of the telencephalon laterally. Second, as telencephalic growth and neurogenesis proceed between days 2 and 5 of development, the pallial region of the posterior ventricular wall of the telencephalon bulges into the dorsal aspect of the AIS. This brings the ventricular zone (VZ) into close apposition with the roof of the AIS to generate a narrow ventricular space and the thin tela choroidea (tc). As the pallial VZ expands, the tc also expands over the upper surface of the telencephalon. During this period, the major axis of growth and extension of the pallial VZ is along the anteroposterior axis. This second step effectively generates an everted telencephalon by 5 dpf. Conclusion Our description of telencephalic morphogenesis challenges the conventional model that eversion is simply due to a laterally directed outfolding of the telencephalic neuroepithelium. This may have significant bearing on understanding the eventual organization of the adult fish telencephalon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Folgueira
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Dente L, Gestri G, Tsang M, Kudoh T, Wilson SW, Dawid IB, Andreazzoli M. Cloning and developmental expression of zebrafish pdzrn3. Int J Dev Biol 2012; 55:989-93. [PMID: 22252497 DOI: 10.1387/ijdb.113437ld] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Pdzrn3, a member of the PDZRN/SEMCAP/LNX protein family containing a RING finger and two PDZ domains, has been implicated in myoblast and osteoblast differentiation. However, its spatio-temporal expression pattern during embryonic development has not been defined. Here, we describe the cloning and expression pattern of pdzrn3 during zebrafish development. We found that in addition to being expressed in several mesodermal structures, this gene displays specific expression in the central nervous system including rhombomere 1, ventral retina, thalamus and motor neurons, indicating a novel function during neural development. In particular, the absence of expression of pdzrn3 in the ventral retina of noi mutant fish suggests a possible role for this gene in regulating fasciculation and/or navigation of retinal ganglion cell axons.
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Valdivia LE, Young RM, Hawkins TA, Stickney HL, Cavodeassi F, Schwarz Q, Pullin LM, Villegas R, Moro E, Argenton F, Allende ML, Wilson SW. Lef1-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signalling drives the proliferative engine that maintains tissue homeostasis during lateral line development. Development 2011; 138:3931-41. [PMID: 21862557 DOI: 10.1242/dev.062695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
During tissue morphogenesis and differentiation, cells must self-renew while contemporaneously generating daughters that contribute to the growing tissue. How tissues achieve this precise balance between proliferation and differentiation is, in most instances, poorly understood. This is in part due to the difficulties in dissociating the mechanisms that underlie tissue patterning from those that regulate proliferation. In the migrating posterior lateral line primordium (PLLP), proliferation is predominantly localised to the leading zone. As cells emerge from this zone, they periodically organise into rosettes that subsequently dissociate from the primordium and differentiate as neuromasts. Despite this reiterative loss of cells, the primordium maintains its size through regenerative cell proliferation until it reaches the tail. In this study, we identify a null mutation in the Wnt-pathway transcription factor Lef1 and show that its activity is required to maintain proliferation in the progenitor pool of cells that sustains the PLLP as it undergoes migration, morphogenesis and differentiation. In absence of Lef1, the leading zone becomes depleted of cells during its migration leading to the collapse of the primordium into a couple of terminal neuromasts. We show that this behaviour resembles the process by which the PLLP normally ends its migration, suggesting that suppression of Wnt signalling is required for termination of neuromast production in the tail. Our data support a model in which Lef1 sustains proliferation of leading zone progenitors, maintaining the primordium size and defining neuromast deposition rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo E Valdivia
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile
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Andoniadou CL, Signore M, Young RM, Gaston-Massuet C, Wilson SW, Fuchs E, Martinez-Barbera JP. HESX1- and TCF3-mediated repression of Wnt/β-catenin targets is required for normal development of the anterior forebrain. Development 2011; 138:4931-42. [PMID: 22007134 DOI: 10.1242/dev.066597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The Wnt/β-catenin pathway plays an essential role during regionalisation of the vertebrate neural plate and its inhibition in the most anterior neural ectoderm is required for normal forebrain development. Hesx1 is a conserved vertebrate-specific transcription factor that is required for forebrain development in Xenopus, mice and humans. Mouse embryos deficient for Hesx1 exhibit a variable degree of forebrain defects, but the molecular mechanisms underlying these defects are not fully understood. Here, we show that injection of a hesx1 morpholino into a 'sensitised' zygotic headless (tcf3) mutant background leads to severe forebrain and eye defects, suggesting an interaction between Hesx1 and the Wnt pathway during zebrafish forebrain development. Consistent with a requirement for Wnt signalling repression, we highlight a synergistic gene dosage-dependent interaction between Hesx1 and Tcf3, a transcriptional repressor of Wnt target genes, to maintain anterior forebrain identity during mouse embryogenesis. In addition, we reveal that Tcf3 is essential within the neural ectoderm to maintain anterior character and that its interaction with Hesx1 ensures the repression of Wnt targets in the developing forebrain. By employing a conditional loss-of-function approach in mouse, we demonstrate that deletion of β-catenin, and concomitant reduction of Wnt signalling in the developing anterior forebrain of Hesx1-deficient embryos, leads to a significant rescue of the forebrain defects. Finally, transcriptional profiling of anterior forebrain precursors from mouse embryos expressing eGFP from the Hesx1 locus provides molecular evidence supporting a novel function of Hesx1 in mediating repression of Wnt/β-catenin target activation in the developing forebrain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia L Andoniadou
- Neural Development Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
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49
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Gestri G, Osborne RJ, Wyatt AW, Gerrelli D, Gribble S, Stewart H, Fryer A, Bunyan DJ, Prescott K, Collin JRO, Fitzgerald T, Robinson D, Carter NP, Wilson SW, Ragge NK. Reduced TFAP2A function causes variable optic fissure closure and retinal defects and sensitizes eye development to mutations in other morphogenetic regulators. Hum Genet 2011; 126:791-803. [PMID: 19685247 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-009-0730-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the transcription factor encoding TFAP2A gene underlie branchio-oculo-facial syndrome (BOFS), a rare dominant disorder characterized by distinctive craniofacial, ocular, ectodermal and renal anomalies. To elucidate the range of ocular phenotypes caused by mutations in TFAP2A, we took three approaches. First, we screened a cohort of 37 highly selected individuals with severe ocular anomalies plus variable defects associated with BOFS for mutations or deletions in TFAP2A. We identified one individual with a de novo TFAP2A four amino acid deletion, a second individual with two non-synonymous variations in an alternative splice isoform TFAP2A2, and a sibling-pair with a paternally inherited whole gene deletion with variable phenotypic expression. Second, we determined that TFAP2A is expressed in the lens, neural retina, nasal process, and epithelial lining of the oral cavity and palatal shelves of human and mouse embryos--sites consistent with the phenotype observed in patients with BOFS. Third, we used zebrafish to examine how partial abrogation of the fish ortholog of TFAP2A affects the penetrance and expressivity of ocular phenotypes due to mutations in genes encoding bmp4 or tcf7l1a. In both cases, we observed synthetic, enhanced ocular phenotypes including coloboma and anophthalmia when tfap2a is knocked down in embryos with bmp4 or tcf7l1a mutations. These results reveal that mutations in TFAP2A are associated with a wide range of eye phenotypes and that hypomorphic tfap2a mutations can increase the risk of developmental defects arising from mutations at other loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaia Gestri
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, London, UK
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50
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Cerveny KL, Cavodeassi F, Turner KJ, de Jong-Curtain TA, Heath JK, Wilson SW. The zebrafish flotte lotte mutant reveals that the local retinal environment promotes the differentiation of proliferating precursors emerging from their stem cell niche. Development 2010; 137:2107-15. [PMID: 20504962 DOI: 10.1242/dev.047753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It is currently unclear how intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms cooperate to control the progression from self-renewing to neurogenic divisions in retinal precursor cells. Here, we use the zebrafish flotte lotte (flo) mutant, which carries a mutation in the elys (ahctf1) gene, to study the relationship between cell cycle progression and neuronal differentiation by investigating how proliferating progenitor cells transition towards differentiation in a retinal stem cell niche termed the ciliary marginal zone (CMZ). In zebrafish embryos without Elys, CMZ cells retain the capacity to proliferate but lose the ability to enter their final neurogenic divisions to differentiate as neurons. However, mosaic retinae composed of wild-type and flo cells show that despite inherent cell cycle defects, flo mutant cells progress from proliferation to differentiation when in the vicinity of wild-type retinal neurons. We propose that the differentiated retinal environment limits the proliferation of precursors emerging from the CMZ in a manner that explains the spatial organisation of cells in the CMZ and ensures that proliferative retinal progenitors are driven towards differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Cerveny
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E6BT, UK
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