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Bullen AL, Katz R, Garimella PS, Vaingankar S, Judd SE, Rifkin DE, Gutierrez OM, Wang H, Ix JH. Tubule dysfunction and injury and future risk of sepsis-associated acute kidney injury. Clin Nephrol 2024; 101:138-146. [PMID: 38156782 DOI: 10.5414/cn111264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Novel biomarkers can quantify both kidney tubule function, including proximal tubule reabsorptive (urine α-1 microglobulin (uα1m)) and tubule protein synthesis capacities (urine uromodulin (uUMOD)), and tubular injury (urine neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL)). In a blood pressure trial, we reported that lower reabsorptive and synthetic protein capacity at times of health predicted future risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), but most AKI was related to hemodynamic causes in this trial. Associations between tubular function and injury and future AKI related to other causes is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a case-control study in REGARDS, a population-based cohort study, among participants who provided urine at the baseline visit. We matched each septic AKI case by age, sex, race, and time from baseline to hospital admission 1 : 1 to a participant with sepsis who did not develop AKI (controls). Using conditional logistic regression, we evaluated the associations of uα1m, uUMOD, urine ammonium, and uNGAL with septic AKI. RESULTS Mean age was 69 ± 8 years, 44% were female, and 39% were Black participants. Median baseline eGFR among cases and controls was 73 (55, 90) and 82 (65, 92) mL/min/1.73m2, and median albuminuria was 19 (8, 87) vs. 9 (5, 22) mg/g, respectively. No independent associations were observed between the tubule function or injury markers and subsequent risk of septic AKI once models were adjusted for baseline albuminuria, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and other risk factors. CONCLUSION Among community participants, tubule function and injury markers at times of health were not independently associated with future risk of septic AKI.
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Bullen AL, Vaingankar S, Madero M, Lopez Gil S, Macedo E, Ix JH, Rifkin DE, Garimella PS. Urine Uromodulin, Kidney Tubulointerstitial Fibrosis, and Furosemide Response. Nephron Clin Pract 2023:000534578. [PMID: 38043509 DOI: 10.1159/000534578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy (IFTA) are common findings on biopsy in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and strongly predictive of kidney failure. IFTA is poorly correlated with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria, the most common metrics of kidney disease. Thus, IFTA is prognostically important, yet its presence and severity are invisible to the clinician except when kidney biopsies are obtained. OBJECTIVES To investigate 1) the cross-sectional association between urine uromodulin (uUMOD) and IFTA, and 2) to determine whether uUMOD levels were associated with diuretic response after a furosemide stress test. METHODS We performed logistic regression to evaluate the association between uUMOD and fibrosis. We used linear regression models to assess the association of uUMOD with urine output. RESULTS Among 52 participants, the mean age was 42 ± 16 years, 48% were women, 23% had diabetes, and the median eGFR was 56 ml/min/1.73m2. The mean uUMOD concentration was 5.1 (8.4) mcg/mL. Each halving of uUMOD was associated with 1.74 higher odds (95% CI 1.10, 2.75) of grade 2 or 3 fibrosis. However, this association was no longer significant after adjusting for baseline eGFR and albuminuria. Each halving of urine uromodulin was associated with a decreased response to furosemide. This association was also no longer significant after adjusting for baseline eGFR and albuminuria. CONCLUSION In a population of individuals with a wide range of kidney function undergoing clinically indicated kidney biopsies, we did not find an association between uUMOD and interstitial fibrosis or response to loop diuretics after adjusting for eGFR and albuminuria.
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Yousif ZK, Koola JD, Macedo E, Cerda J, Goldstein SL, Chakravarthi R, Lewington A, Selewski D, Zappitelli M, Cruz D, Tolwani A, Joy MS, Jha V, Ramachandran R, Ostermann M, Pandya B, Acharya A, Brophy P, Ponce D, Steinke J, Bouchard J, Irarrazabal CE, Irarrazabal R, Boltansky A, Askenazi D, Kolhe N, Claure-Del Granado R, Benador N, Castledine C, Davenport A, Barratt J, Bhandari S, Riley AA, Davis T, Farmer C, Hogarth M, Thomas M, Murray PT, Robinson-Cohen C, Nicoletti P, Vaingankar S, Mehta R, Awdishu L. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Drug-Induced Acute Kidney Injury Cases. Kidney Int Rep 2023; 8:2333-2344. [PMID: 38025217 PMCID: PMC10658426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2023.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Drug-induced acute kidney injury (DI-AKI) is a frequent adverse event. The identification of DI-AKI is challenged by competing etiologies, clinical heterogeneity among patients, and a lack of accurate diagnostic tools. Our research aims to describe the clinical characteristics and predictive variables of DI-AKI. Methods We analyzed data from the Drug-Induced Renal Injury Consortium (DIRECT) study (NCT02159209), an international, multicenter, observational cohort study of enriched clinically adjudicated DI-AKI cases. Cases met the primary inclusion criteria if the patient was exposed to at least 1 nephrotoxic drug for a minimum of 24 hours prior to AKI onset. Cases were clinically adjudicated, and inter-rater reliability (IRR) was measured using Krippendorff's alpha. Variables associated with DI-AKI were identified using L1 regularized multivariable logistic regression. Model performance was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC AUC). Results A total of 314 AKI cases met the eligibility criteria for this analysis, and 271 (86%) cases were adjudicated as DI-AKI. The majority of the AKI cases were recruited from the United States (68%). The most frequent causal nephrotoxic drugs were vancomycin (48.7%), nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (18.2%), and piperacillin/tazobactam (17.8%). The IRR for DI-AKI adjudication was 0.309. The multivariable model identified age, vascular capacity, hyperglycemia, infections, pyuria, serum creatinine (SCr) trends, and contrast media as significant predictors of DI-AKI with good performance (ROC AUC 0.86). Conclusion The identification of DI-AKI is challenging even with comprehensive adjudication by experienced nephrologists. Our analysis identified key clinical characteristics and outcomes of DI-AKI compared to other AKI etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaid K. Yousif
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jejo D. Koola
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Etienne Macedo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jorge Cerda
- Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
- St. Peter's Hospital Partners, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Stuart L. Goldstein
- Center for Acute Care Nephrology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | - David Selewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Michael Zappitelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Nephrology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dinna Cruz
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | - Melanie S. Joy
- University of Colorado School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and School of Medicine in Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Vivekanand Jha
- George Institute for Global Health, UNSW, New Delhi, India
- School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
- Prasanna School of Public Health, MManipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Raja Ramachandran
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Marlies Ostermann
- Department of Critical Care and Nephrology, King’s College London, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK
| | - Bhavna Pandya
- Medical and Dental Staff Governor, Liverpool University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust/Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Anjali Acharya
- Jacobi Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, The Bronx, New York, New York, USA
| | - Patrick Brophy
- Department of Pediatrics at the University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, New York, USA
| | | | - Julia Steinke
- Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Josee Bouchard
- Hopital du Sacre-Coeur de Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carlos E. Irarrazabal
- Programa de Fisiología, Centro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - David Askenazi
- Children's of Alabama (UAB-Pediatrics), Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Nitin Kolhe
- Consultant Nephrologist, Royal Derby Hospital, Derby, UK
| | - Rolando Claure-Del Granado
- Division of Nephrology Hospital Obrero No 2 – CNS Cochabamba, Bolivia/Universidad Mayor de San Simón School of Medicine Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Nadine Benador
- University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA / Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Andrew Davenport
- University College London, Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Free London NHS Trust London, UK
| | - Jonathan Barratt
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | | | - Alyssa A. Riley
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nephrology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - T.K. Davis
- St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher Farmer
- Centre for Health Services Studies, George Allen Wing, Cornwallis Building, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, UK
| | - Michael Hogarth
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Department of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Mark Thomas
- Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Cassianne Robinson-Cohen
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Tennessee, USA
| | - Paola Nicoletti
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | | | - Ravindra Mehta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Linda Awdishu
- Division of Clinical Pharmacy, University of California San Diego, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical, La Jolla, California, USA
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Curtis LM, George J, Vallon V, Barnes S, Darley-Usmar V, Vaingankar S, Cutter GR, Gutierrez OM, Seifert M, Ix JH, Mehta RL, Sanders PW, Agarwal A. UAB-UCSD O'Brien Center for Acute Kidney Injury Research. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 320:F870-F882. [PMID: 33779316 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00661.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a significant clinical problem through its diverse etiologies, the challenges of robust measurements of injury and recovery, and its progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Bridging the gap in our knowledge of this disorder requires bringing together not only the technical resources for research but also the investigators currently endeavoring to expand our knowledge and those who might bring novel ideas and expertise to this important challenge. The University of Alabama at Birmingham-University of California-San Diego O'Brien Center for Acute Kidney Injury Research brings together technical expertise and programmatic and educational efforts to advance our knowledge in these diverse issues and the required infrastructure to develop areas of novel exploration. Since its inception in 2008, this O'Brien Center has grown its impact by providing state-of-the-art resources in clinical and preclinical modeling of AKI, a bioanalytical core that facilitates measurement of critical biomarkers, including serum creatinine via LC-MS/MS among others, and a biostatistical resource that assists from design to analysis. Through these core resources and with additional educational efforts, our center has grown its investigator base to include >200 members from 51 institutions. Importantly, this center has translated its pilot and catalyst funding program with a $37 return per dollar invested. Over 500 publications have resulted from the support provided with a relative citation ratio of 2.18 ± 0.12 (iCite). Through its efforts, this disease-centric O'Brien Center is providing the infrastructure and focus to help the development of the next generation of researchers in the basic and clinical science of AKI. This center creates the promise of the application at the bedside of the advances in AKI made by current and future investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Curtis
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - James George
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Volker Vallon
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Stephen Barnes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor Darley-Usmar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sucheta Vaingankar
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gary R Cutter
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Orlando M Gutierrez
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Michael Seifert
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Joachim H Ix
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Ravindra L Mehta
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Paul W Sanders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Anupam Agarwal
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, Alabama
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Miramontes-Gonzalez JP, Hightower CM, Zhang K, Kurosaki H, Schork AJ, Biswas N, Vaingankar S, Mahata M, Lipkowitz MS, Nievergelt CM, Baker DG, Ziegler MG, León-Jiménez D, González-Sarmiento R, Ichinose H, O’Connor DT. Author Correction: A new common functional coding variant at the DDC gene change renal enzyme activity and modify renal dopamine function. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2996. [PMID: 32060363 PMCID: PMC7021692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Rivero J, Rodríguez F, Soto V, Macedo E, Chawla LS, Mehta RL, Vaingankar S, Garimella PS, Garza C, Madero M. Furosemide stress test and interstitial fibrosis in kidney biopsies in chronic kidney disease. BMC Nephrol 2020; 21:87. [PMID: 32143585 PMCID: PMC7060600 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-020-01721-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interstitial fibrosis (IF) on kidney biopsy is one of the most potent risk factors for kidney disease progression. The furosemide stress test (FST) is a validated tool that predicts the severity of acute kidney injury (especially at 2 h) in critically ill patients. Since furosemide is secreted through the kidney tubules, the response to FST represents the tubular secretory capacity. To our knowledge there is no data on the correlation between functional tubular capacity assessed by the FST with IF on kidney biopsies from patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this study was to determine the association between urine output (UO), Furosemide Excreted Mass (FEM) and IF on kidney biopsies after a FST. METHODS This study included 84 patients who underwent kidney biopsy for clinical indications and a FST. The percentage of fibrosis was determined by morphometry technique and reviewed by a nephropathologist. All patients underwent a FST prior to the biopsy. Urine volume and urinary sodium were measured in addition to urine concentrations of furosemide at different times (2, 4 and 6 h). We used an established equation to determine the FEM. Values were expressed as mean, standard deviation or percentage and Pearson Correlation. RESULTS The mean age of the participants was 38 years and 44% were male. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and diuretic use was significantly higher with more advanced degree of fibrosis. Nephrotic syndrome and acute kidney graft dysfunction were the most frequent indications for biopsy. eGFR was inversely related to the degree of fibrosis. Subjects with the highest degree of fibrosis (grade 3) showed a significant lower UO at first hour of the FST when compared to lower degrees of fibrosis (p = 0.015). Likewise, the total UO and the FEM was progressively lower with higher degrees of fibrosis. An inversely linear correlation between FEM and the degree of fibrosis (r = - 0.245, p = 0.02) was observed. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that interstitial fibrosis correlates with total urine output and FEM. Further studies are needed to determine if UO and FST could be a non-invasive tool to evaluate interstitial fibrosis. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02417883.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Rivero
- Nephrology Department, National Institute of Lung Disease Ismael Cosio Villegas , Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Francisco Rodríguez
- Nephrology Department, National Institute Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, 14080-Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Virgilia Soto
- Nephrology Department, National Institute Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, 14080-Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Etienne Macedo
- Division of Nephrology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lakhmir S Chawla
- Division of Nephrology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ravindra L Mehta
- Division of Nephrology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sucheta Vaingankar
- Nephrology Department, National Institute Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, 14080-Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Carlos Garza
- Nephrology Department, National Institute Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, 14080-Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Magdalena Madero
- Nephrology Department, National Institute Cardiology Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano No. 1, 14080-Tlalpan, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Vaingankar S, Mir S, Zhang K, Hightower CM, Miramontes‐Gonzalez J, O'Connor D. Regulation of chromogranin A by hsa‐miR‐107 in hypertension and nephropathy (1136.19). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.1136.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Saiful Mir
- Medicine University of California at San DiegoLA JollaCAUnited States
| | - Kuixing Zhang
- Medicine University of California at San DiegoLA JollaCAUnited States
| | | | | | - Daniel O'Connor
- Medicine University of California at San DiegoLA JollaCAUnited States
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Zhang K, Biswas N, Gayen JR, Miramontes-Gonzalez JP, Hightower CM, Mustapic M, Mahata M, Huang CT, Hook VY, Mahata SK, Vaingankar S, O'Connor DT. Chromogranin B: intra- and extra-cellular mechanisms to regulate catecholamine storage and release, in catecholaminergic cells and organisms. J Neurochem 2013; 129:48-59. [PMID: 24266713 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Chromogranin B (CHGB) is the major matrix protein in human catecholamine storage vesicles. CHGB genetic variation alters catecholamine secretion and blood pressure. Here, effective Chgb protein under-expression was achieved by siRNA in PC12 cells, resulting in ~ 48% fewer secretory granules on electron microscopy, diminished capacity for catecholamine uptake (by ~ 79%), and a ~ 73% decline in stores available for nicotinic cholinergic-stimulated secretion. In vivo, loss of Chgb in knockout mice resulted in a ~ 35% decline in chromaffin granule abundance and ~ 44% decline in granule diameter, accompanied by unregulated catecholamine release into plasma. Over-expression of CHGB was achieved by transduction of a CHGB-expressing lentivirus, resulting in ~ 127% elevation in CHGB protein, with ~ 122% greater abundance of secretory granules, but only ~ 14% increased uptake of catecholamines, and no effect on nicotinic-triggered secretion. Human CHGB protein and its proteolytic fragments inhibited nicotinic-stimulated catecholamine release by ~ 72%. One conserved-region CHGB peptide inhibited nicotinic-triggered secretion by up to ~ 41%, with partial blockade of cationic signal transduction. We conclude that bi-directional quantitative derangements in CHGB abundance result in profound changes in vesicular storage and release of catecholamines. When processed and released extra-cellularly, CHGB proteolytic fragments exert a feedback effect to inhibit catecholamine secretion, especially during nicotinic cholinergic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuixing Zhang
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology, and Institute for Genomic Medicine (IGM), University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, California, USA
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Zhang K, Chen Y, Wen G, Mahata M, Rao F, Fung MM, Vaingankar S, Biswas N, Gayen JR, Friese RS, Mahata SK, Hamilton BA, O’Connor DT. Catecholamine storage vesicles: role of core protein genetic polymorphisms in hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2011; 13:36-45. [PMID: 21104344 PMCID: PMC3016145 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-010-0170-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Hypertension is a complex trait with deranged autonomic control of the circulation. The sympathoadrenal system exerts minute-to-minute control over cardiac output and vascular tone. Catecholamine storage vesicles (or chromaffin granules) of the adrenal medulla contain remarkably high concentrations of chromogranins/secretogranins (or "granins"), catecholamines, neuropeptide Y, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and Ca(2+). Within secretory granules, granins are co-stored with catecholamine neurotransmitters and co-released upon stimulation of the regulated secretory pathway. The principal granin family members, chromogranin A (CHGA), chromogranin B (CHGB), and secretogranin II (SCG2), may have evolved from shared ancestral exons by gene duplication. This article reviews human genetic variation at loci encoding the major granins and probes the effects of such polymorphisms on blood pressure, using twin pairs to probe heritability and individuals with the most extreme blood pressure values in the population to study hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuixing Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Genomic Medicine (IGM), University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0838 USA
| | - Yuqing Chen
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Genomic Medicine (IGM), University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0838 USA
| | - Gen Wen
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Genomic Medicine (IGM), University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0838 USA
| | - Manjula Mahata
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Genomic Medicine (IGM), University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0838 USA
| | - Fangwen Rao
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Genomic Medicine (IGM), University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0838 USA
| | - Maple M. Fung
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Genomic Medicine (IGM), University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0838 USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Sucheta Vaingankar
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Genomic Medicine (IGM), University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0838 USA
| | - Nilima Biswas
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Genomic Medicine (IGM), University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0838 USA
| | - Jiaur R. Gayen
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Genomic Medicine (IGM), University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0838 USA
| | - Ryan S. Friese
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Genomic Medicine (IGM), University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0838 USA
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Genomic Medicine (IGM), University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0838 USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Bruce A. Hamilton
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Genomic Medicine (IGM), University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0838 USA
| | - Daniel T. O’Connor
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Genomic Medicine (IGM), University of California at San Diego School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0838 USA
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA USA
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Zhang K, Rao F, Rana BK, Gayen JR, Calegari F, King A, Rosa P, Huttner WB, Stridsberg M, Mahata M, Vaingankar S, Mahboubi V, Salem RM, Rodriguez-Flores JL, Fung MM, Smith DW, Schork NJ, Ziegler MG, Taupenot L, Mahata SK, O'Connor DT. Autonomic function in hypertension; role of genetic variation at the catecholamine storage vesicle protein chromogranin B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 2:46-56. [PMID: 20011129 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.108.785659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuixing Zhang
- Department of Medicine and CHGG, UCSD School of Medicine, 9500 GilmanDrive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0838. E-mail: or
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Montero-Hadjadje M, Vaingankar S, Elias S, Tostivint H, Mahata SK, Anouar Y. Chromogranins A and B and secretogranin II: evolutionary and functional aspects. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2008; 192:309-24. [PMID: 18005393 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chromogranins/secretogranins or granins are a class of acidic, secretory proteins that occur in endocrine, neuroendocrine, and neuronal cells. Granins are the precursors of several bioactive peptides and may be involved in secretory granule formation and neurotransmitter/hormone release. Characterization and analysis of chromogranin A (CgA), chromogranin B (CgB), and secretogranin II (SgII) in distant vertebrate species confirmed that CgA and CgB belong to related monophyletic groups, probably evolving from a common ancestral precursor, while SgII sequences constitute a distinct monophyletic group. In particular, selective sequences within these proteins, bounded by potential processing sites, have been remarkably conserved during evolution. Peptides named vasostatin, secretolytin and secretoneurin, which occur in these regions, have been shown to exert various biological activities. These conserved domains may also be involved in the formation of secretory granules in different vertebrates. Other peptides such as catestatin and pancreastatin may have appeared late during evolution. The function of granins as propeptide precursors and granulogenic factors is discussed in the light of recent data obtained in various model species and using knockout mice strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Montero-Hadjadje
- INSERM U413, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroendocrinology, European Institute for Peptide Research (IFRMP 23), UA CNRS, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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12
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Zhang K, Rao F, Wen G, Salem RM, Vaingankar S, Mahata M, Mahapatra NR, Lillie EO, Cadman PE, Friese RS, Hamilton BA, Hook VY, Mahata SK, Taupenot L, O'Connor DT. Catecholamine storage vesicles and the metabolic syndrome: The role of the chromogranin A fragment pancreastatin. Diabetes Obes Metab 2006; 8:621-33. [PMID: 17026486 PMCID: PMC10843892 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1326.2006.00575.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Chromogranins or secretogranins (granins), present in secretory granules of virtually all neuroendocrine cells and neurones, are structurally related proteins encoded by different genetic loci: chromogranins A and B, and secretogranins II through VI. Compelling evidence supports both intracellular and extracellular functions for this protein family. Within the cells of origin, a granulogenic or sorting role in the regulated pathway of hormone or neurotransmitter secretion has been documented, especially for chromogranin A (CHGA). Granins also function as pro-hormones, giving rise by proteolytic processing to an array of peptide fragments for which diverse autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine activities have been demonstrated. CHGA measurements yield insight into the pathogenesis of such human diseases as essential hypertension, in which deficiency of the catecholamine release-inhibitory CHGA fragment catestatin may trigger sympathoadrenal overactivity as an aetiologic culprit in the syndrome. The CHGA dysglycaemic fragment pancreastatin is functional in humans in vivo, affecting both carbohydrate (glucose) and lipid (fatty acid) metabolism. Pancreastatin is cleaved from CHGA in hormone storage granules in vivo, and its plasma concentration varies in human disease. The pancreastatin region of CHGA gives rise to three naturally occurring human variants, one of which (Gly297Ser) occurs in the functionally important carboxy-terminus of the peptide, and substantially increases the peptide's potency to inhibit cellular glucose uptake. These observations establish a role for pancreastatin in human intermediary metabolism and disease, and suggest that qualitative hereditary alterations in pancreastatin's primary structure may give rise to interindividual differences in glucose disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuixing Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, California 92093-0838, USA
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Prommegger R, Ensinger C, Adlassnig C, Vaingankar S, Mahata SK, Marksteiner J, Margreiter R. Catestatin--a novel neuropeptide in carcinoid tumors of the appendix. Anticancer Res 2004; 24:311-6. [PMID: 15015613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to investigate the immunohistochemical distribution of the novel neuropeptide catestatin in carcinoid tumors. Catestatin, a novel 21 amino acid neuropeptide derived from chromogranin A, was determined immunohistochemically in 30 carcinoid tumors of the appendix and various carcinoid tumors of other localities. MATERIALS AND METHODS Paraffin-embedded tissues from 30 carcinoid tumors of the appendix and 16 other carcinoid tumors (5 bronchus-, 5 stomach-, 2 small bowel-, 4 large bowel carcinoid tumors) were incubated with antibodies specific for catestatin, chromogranin A and chromogranin B. Immunohistochemical staining of catestatin was compared to staining with chromogranin A and B. Western blot analysis was performed in one patient with ileal carcinoid. RESULTS Thirty patients (20 women, 10 men) with carcinoid tumors of the appendix and 16 patients with other localized carcinoid tumors were investigated. Twenty-six of the appendiceal tumors were localized in the apex of the appendix and 4 tumors in the midportion; none of the tumors was localized at the base of the appendix. Median tumor diameter was 10.7 mm (range 4-18 mm). Immunoreactivity to catesatatin was positive in 28 patients (negative in 2, 0-10% in 11 patients, 11-50% in 14 patients, 51-100% in 3 patients). In 16 patients with carcinoid tumors in various other localizations, catestatin was also expressed. Western blot analysis of ileal carcinoid showed abundant catestatin reactivity with accelerated processing of chromogranin A in the tumor tissue. CONCLUSION Catestatin derived from chromogranin A, which is the most widely distributed marker of neuroendocrine tumors, is expressed in high frequency in carcinoid tumors of the appendix (93.3%).
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Rutsch F, Ruf N, Vaingankar S, Toliat MR, Suk A, Höhne W, Schauer G, Lehmann M, Roscioli T, Schnabel D, Epplen JT, Knisely A, Superti-Furga A, McGill J, Filippone M, Sinaiko AR, Vallance H, Hinrichs B, Smith W, Ferre M, Terkeltaub R, Nürnberg P. Mutations in ENPP1 are associated with 'idiopathic' infantile arterial calcification. Nat Genet 2003; 34:379-81. [PMID: 12881724 DOI: 10.1038/ng1221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 433] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2003] [Accepted: 07/01/2003] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic infantile arterial calcification (IIAC; OMIM 208000) is characterized by calcification of the internal elastic lamina of muscular arteries and stenosis due to myointimal proliferation. We analyzed affected individuals from 11 unrelated kindreds and found that IIAC was associated with mutations that inactivated ecto-nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1). This cell surface enzyme generates inorganic pyrophosphate (PP(i)), a solute that regulates cell differentiation and serves as an essential physiologic inhibitor of calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Rutsch
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California San Diego, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, La Jolla, California 92161, USA
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15
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Rutsch F, Vaingankar S, Johnson K, Goldfine I, Maddux B, Schauerte P, Kalhoff H, Sano K, Boisvert WA, Superti-Furga A, Terkeltaub R. PC-1 nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase deficiency in idiopathic infantile arterial calcification. Am J Pathol 2001; 158:543-54. [PMID: 11159191 PMCID: PMC1850320 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)63996-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 226] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Inogranic pyrophosphate (PPi) inhibits hydroxyapatite deposition, and mice deficient in the PPi-generating nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (NTPPPH) Plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 (PC-1) develop peri-articular and arterial calcification in early life. In idiopathic infantile arterial calcification (IIAC), hydroxyapatite deposition and smooth muscle cell (SMC) proliferation occur, sometimes associated with peri-articular calcification. Thus, we assessed PC-1 expression and PPi metabolism in a 25-month-old boy with IIAC and peri-articular calcifications. Plasma PC-1 was <1 ng/ml by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the proband, but 10 to 30 ng/ml in unaffected family members and controls. PC-1 functioned to raise extracellular PPi in cultured aortic SMCs. However, PC-1 was sparse in temporal artery lesion SMCs in the proband, unlike the case for SMCs in atherosclerotic carotid artery lesions of unrelated adults. Proband plasma and explant-cultured dermal fibroblast NTPPPH and PPi were markedly decreased. The proband was heterozygous at the PC-1 locus, and sizes of PC-1 mRNA and polypeptide, and the PC-1 mRNA-coding region sequence were normal in proband fibroblasts. However, immunoreactive PC-1 protein was relatively sparse in proband fibroblasts. In conclusion, deficient extracellular PPi and a deficiency of PC-1 NTPPPH activity can be associated with human infantile arterial and peri-articular calcification, and may help explain the sharing of certain phenotypic features between some IIAC patients and PC-1-deficient mice.
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MESH Headings
- Arteriosclerosis/enzymology
- Arteriosclerosis/pathology
- Blotting, Northern
- Calcinosis/enzymology
- Calcinosis/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- DNA/chemistry
- DNA/genetics
- Diphosphates/metabolism
- Extracellular Space/chemistry
- Extracellular Space/metabolism
- Family Health
- Female
- Fibroblasts/cytology
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Infant
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/blood
- Membrane Glycoproteins/deficiency
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Pedigree
- Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases
- Pyrophosphatases/metabolism
- RNA/genetics
- RNA/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Skin/cytology
- Skin/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- F Rutsch
- Department of Pediatrics, Municipal Children's Hospital, Dortmund, Germany
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Li QJ, Vaingankar S, Sladek FM, Martins-Green M. Novel nuclear target for thrombin: activation of the Elk1 transcription factor leads to chemokine gene expression. Blood 2000; 96:3696-706. [PMID: 11090049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombin is primarily known for its role in homeostasis and thrombosis. However, this enzyme also plays important roles in wound healing and pathologic situations such as inflammation and tumorigenesis. Among the molecules stimulated by thrombin in these latter processes are the stress response proteins, chemokines. Chemokines are also known for their roles in inflammatory responses and tumor development. These correlative observations strongly suggest that chemokines may be mediators of some of thrombin's functions in these processes. Elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of stimulation of chemokines by thrombin may help to unravel the ways in which their expression can be modulated. Up-regulation of the chemokine 9E3/cCAF by thrombin occurs via its proteolytically activated receptor with subsequent transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase. This study shows that stimulation by thrombin very rapidly activates this chemokine at the transcriptional level, that 2 Elk1 binding elements located between -534 and -483 bp of the promoter are major thrombin response elements, that activation occurs via the Elk1 transcription factor, and that the latter is directly activated by MEK1/ERK2. The common occurrence of Elk1 binding domains in the promoters of immediate early response genes suggests that it may be characteristically involved in gene activation by stress-inducing agents. (Blood. 2000;96:3696-3706)
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Affiliation(s)
- Q J Li
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Johnson KA, Hessle L, Vaingankar S, Wennberg C, Mauro S, Narisawa S, Goding JW, Sano K, Millan JL, Terkeltaub R. Osteoblast tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase antagonizes and regulates PC-1. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2000; 279:R1365-77. [PMID: 11004006 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.2000.279.4.r1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (TNAP) is essential for bone matrix mineralization, but the central mechanism for TNAP action remains undefined. We observed that ATP-dependent (45)Ca precipitation was decreased in calvarial osteoblast matrix vesicle (MV) fractions from TNAP-/- mice, a model of infantile hypophosphatasia. Because TNAP hydrolyzes the mineralization inhibitor inorganic pyrophosphate (PP(i)), we assessed phosphodiesterase nucleotide pyrophosphatase (PDNP/NTPPPH) activity, which hydrolyzes ATP to generate PP(i). Plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 (PC-1), but not the isozyme B10 (also called PDNP3) colocalized with TNAP in osteoblast MV fractions and pericellular matrix. PC-1 but not B10 increased MV fraction PP(i) and inhibited (45)Ca precipitation by MVs. TNAP directly antagonized inhibition by PC-1 of MV-mediated (45)Ca precipitation. Furthermore, the PP(i) content of MV fractions was greater in cultured TNAP-/- than TNAP+/+ calvarial osteoblasts. Paradoxically, transfection with wild-type TNAP significantly increased osteoblast MV fraction NTPPPH. Specific activity of NTPPPH also was twofold greater in MV fractions of osteoblasts from TNAP+/+ mice relative to TNAP-/- mice. Thus TNAP attenuates PC-1/NTPPPH-induced PP(i) generation that would otherwise inhibit MV-mediated mineralization. TNAP also paradoxically regulates PC-1 expression and NTPPPH activity in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Johnson
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center/University of California San Diego, La Jolla 92161, USA
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Johnson K, Vaingankar S, Chen Y, Moffa A, Goldring MB, Sano K, Jin-Hua P, Sali A, Goding J, Terkeltaub R. Differential mechanisms of inorganic pyrophosphate production by plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 and B10 in chondrocytes. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42:1986-97. [PMID: 10513816 DOI: 10.1002/1529-0131(199909)42:9<1986::aid-anr26>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased nucleoside triphosphate pyrophosphohydrolase (NTPPPH) activity in chondrocytes is associated with cartilage matrix inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) supersaturation in chondrocalcinosis. This study compared the roles of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta)-inducible plasma cell membrane glycoprotein-1 (PC-1) and the closely related B10 NTPPPH activities in chondrocyte PPi metabolism. METHODS NTPPPH expression was studied using reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting. Transmembrane PC-1 (tmPC-1), water-soluble secretory PC-1 (secPC-1), and transmembrane B10 were expressed by adenoviral gene transfer or plasmid transfection, and expression of PPi was assessed in cultured articular chondrocytes and immortalized NTPPPH-deficient costal chondrocytes (TC28 cells). RESULTS PC-1 and B10 messenger RNA were demonstrated in articular cartilages in situ, in untreated cultured normal articular chondrocytes, and in TC28 cells. Expression of tmPC-1 and secPC-1, but not B10, rendered the NTPPPH-deficient TC28 cells able to increase expression of extracellular PPi, with or without addition of TGFbeta (10 ng/ml) to the media. More plasma membrane NTPPPH activity was detected in cells transfected with tmPC-1 than in cells transfected with B10. Furthermore, confocal microscopy with immunofluorescent staining of articular chondrocytes confirmed preferential plasma membrane localization of PC-1, relative to B10. Finally, both PC-1 and B10 increased the levels of intracellular PPi, but PC-1 and B10 appeared to act principally in different intracellular compartments (Golgi and post-Golgi versus pre-Golgi, respectively). CONCLUSION PC-1 and B10 NTPPPH activities were not redundant in chondrocytes. Although increased PC-1 and B10 expression caused elevations in intracellular PPi, the major effects of PC-1 and B10 were exerted in distinct subcellular compartments. Moreover, PC-1 (transmembrane and secreted), but not B10, increased the levels of extracellular PPi. Differential expression of PC-1 and B10 could modulate cartilage mineralization in degenerative joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Johnson
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of California, San Diego 92161, USA
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