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Sato S, Yamakawa H, Takemura T, Nakamura T, Nishizawa T, Oba T, Kawabe R, Akasaka K, Amano M, Matsushima H. Evaluation of large airway specimens obtained by transbronchial lung cryobiopsy in diffuse parenchymal lung diseases. BMC Pulm Med 2022; 22:384. [PMID: 36258160 PMCID: PMC9578247 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-022-02186-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The difference in diagnostic yield between surgical lung biopsy and transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) in diffuse parenchymal lung diseases (DPLD) has been reported to be due to differences in the rate of interpathologist agreement, specimen size, and specimen adequacy. In TBLC, the specimens containing large airway components are generally believed as inadequate specimens for histological evaluation, but the detailed characteristics of TBLC specimens including the large airway and the impact on histological diagnostic rates of DPLD have not been investigated. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the specimen characteristics of patients with DPLD who underwent TBLC. Results Between February 2018 and January 2020, 74 patients and 177 specimens were included. There were 85 (48.0%) large airway specimens (LAS) that contained bronchial gland or bronchial cartilage. The ideal specimen ratio was significantly lower in the LAS-positive group than that in the LAS-negative group (5.8% vs. 45.6%), and the proportion of bronchioles, alveoli, and perilobular area were similarly lower in the LAS-positive group. The presence of traction bronchiectasis and diaphragm overlap sign on high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) were also significantly higher in the LAS-positive group than those in the LAS-negative group. We observed a statistically significant trend in histological diagnostic yield (40.7% in LAS positive group; 60.8% in LAS positive and negative group; 91.6% in LAS negative group) (Cochran-Armitage trend test). Conclusion LAS is a specimen often collected in TBLC and contains a low percentage of bronchioles, alveoli, and perilobular area. Since the histological diagnostic yield tends to be higher in cases that do not contain LAS, it may be important to determine the biopsy site that reduces the frequency of LAS collection by referring to the HRCT findings in TBLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan.
| | - H Yamakawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - T Takemura
- Department of Pathology, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Nakamura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - T Nishizawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - T Oba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - R Kawabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - K Akasaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - M Amano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - H Matsushima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
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Grenfell G, Manz P, Conway G, Eich T, Adamek J, Brida D, Komm M, Nishizawa T, Griener M, Tal B, Stroth U. Turbulence in the near scrape-off layer towards the L-mode density limit in ASDEX-Upgrade. Nuclear Materials and Energy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nme.2022.101277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Grenfell G, Adamek J, Komm M, Brida D, Conway GD, Manz P, Tolias P, Eich T, Sestak D, Herrmann A, Nishizawa T, Stroth U. High-heat flux ball-pen probe head in ASDEX-Upgrade. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:023507. [PMID: 35232131 DOI: 10.1063/5.0075846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A new high heat flux ball-pen probe head installed on the midplane manipulator is currently being used in ASDEX-Upgrade (AUG). The probe was designed to withstand high heat fluxes making possible the investigation of the plasma edge under harsh conditions, such as low power H-mode. Composed of seven pins (four Langmuir probes, mounted in two Mach probe pairs, and three ball-pen probes), the new probe head allows us to measure several plasma parameters simultaneously and with high temporal resolution. A novel method to correct the sheath potential dynamically accounting for the total secondary electron emission is introduced together with applications to obtain the electron temperature and plasma potential profiles. The total secondary electron emission yield is obtained from particle in cell simulations in AUG condition and probe realistic impact angle with respect to the magnetic field. Finally, the probe capability to investigate turbulence around the separatrix of AUG is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Grenfell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, Garching, Germany
| | - J Adamek
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - M Komm
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - D Brida
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, Garching, Germany
| | - G D Conway
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, Garching, Germany
| | - P Manz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, Garching, Germany
| | - P Tolias
- Division of Space and Plasma Physics, Association EUROfusion-VR, Royal Institute of Technology KTH, Teknikringen 31, 100 44 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Eich
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, Garching, Germany
| | - D Sestak
- Institute of Plasma Physics of the CAS, Za Slovankou 3, 182 00 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - A Herrmann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, Garching, Germany
| | - T Nishizawa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, Garching, Germany
| | - U Stroth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, Garching, Germany
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Nishizawa T, Griener M, Dux R, Grenfell G, Wendler D, Kado S, Manz P, Cavedon M. Linearized spectrum correlation analysis for thermal helium beam diagnostics. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:103501. [PMID: 34717377 DOI: 10.1063/5.0062436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new correlation analysis technique for thermal helium beam (THB) diagnostics. Instead of directly evaluating line ratios from fluctuating time series, we apply arithmetic operations to all available He I lines and construct time series with desired dependencies on the plasma parameters. By cross-correlating those quantities and by evaluating ensemble averages, uncorrelated noise contributions can be removed. Through the synthetic data analysis, we demonstrate that the proposed analysis technique is capable of providing the power spectral densities of meaningful plasma parameters, such as the electron density and the electron temperature, even under low-photon-count conditions. In addition, we have applied this analysis technique to the experimental THB data obtained at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak and successfully resolved the electron density and temperature fluctuations up to 90 kHz in a reactor relevant high power scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishizawa
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Griener
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Dux
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - G Grenfell
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - D Wendler
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Kado
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0 011, Japan
| | - P Manz
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Cavedon
- Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Boltzmannstr. 2, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Katsuki M, Narita N, Ozaki D, Sato Y, Jia W, Nishizawa T, Kochi R, Sato K, Kawamura K, Ishida N, Watanabe O, Cai S, Shimabukuro S, Yasuda I, Kinjo K, Yokota K. Deep Learning-Based Functional Independence Measure Score Prediction After Stroke in Kaifukuki (Convalescent) Rehabilitation Ward Annexed to Acute Care Hospital. Cureus 2021; 13:e16588. [PMID: 34466308 PMCID: PMC8396410 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Prediction models of functional independent measure (FIM) score after kaifukuki (convalescent) rehabilitation ward (KRW) are needed to decide the treatment strategies and save medical resources. Statistical models were reported, but their accuracies were not satisfactory. We made such prediction models using the deep learning (DL) framework, Prediction One (Sony Network Communications Inc., Tokyo, Japan). Methods Of the 559 consecutive stroke patients, 122 patients were transferred to our KRW. We divided our 122 patients’ data randomly into halves of training and validation datasets. Prediction One made three prediction models from the training dataset using (1) variables at the acute care ward admission, (2) those at the KRW admission, and (3) those combined (1) and (2). The models’ determination coefficients (R2), correlation coefficients (rs), and residuals were calculated using the validation dataset. Results Of the 122 patients, the median age was 71, length of stay (LOS) in acute care ward 23 (17-30) days, LOS in KRW 53 days, total FIM scores at the admission of KRW 85, those at discharge 108. The mean FIM gain and FIM efficiency were 19 and 0.417. All patients were discharged home. Model (1), (2), and (3)’s R2 were 0.794, 0.970, and 0.972. Their mean residuals between the predicted and actual total FIM scores were -1.56±24.6, -4.49±17.1, and -2.69±15.7. Conclusion Our FIM gain and efficiency were better than national averages of FIM gain 17.1 and FIM efficiency 0.187. We made DL-based total FIM score prediction models, and their accuracies were superior to those of previous statistically calculated ones. The DL-based FIM score prediction models would save medical costs and perform efficient stroke and rehabilitation medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Katsuki
- Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, JPN.,Neurosurgery, Itoigawa General Hospital, Itoigawa, JPN
| | - Norio Narita
- Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, JPN
| | - Dan Ozaki
- Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, JPN
| | | | - Wenting Jia
- Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, JPN
| | | | | | - Kanako Sato
- Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, JPN
| | | | - Naoya Ishida
- Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, JPN
| | - Ohmi Watanabe
- Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, JPN
| | - Siqi Cai
- Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, JPN
| | | | - Iori Yasuda
- Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, JPN
| | - Kengo Kinjo
- Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, JPN
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Katsuki M, Yasuda I, Narita N, Ozaki D, Sato Y, Kato Y, Jia W, Nishizawa T, Kochi R, Sato K, Kawamura K, Ishida N, Watanabe O, Cai S, Shimabukuro S, Yokota K. Chronic subdural hematoma in patients over 65 years old: Results of using a postoperative cognitive evaluation to determine whether to permit return to driving. Surg Neurol Int 2021; 12:212. [PMID: 34084639 PMCID: PMC8168661 DOI: 10.25259/sni_186_2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) is usually associated with good recovery with burr hole irrigation and postoperative drainage under local anesthesia. In Japan, traffic accidents by the elderly drivers over 65 years old are severely increasing, and there is no consensus on whether or not to return to driving after CSDH treatment. We perform a postoperative cognitive assessment. We retrospectively investigated the return-to-driving rate and associated factors. Methods: Of the 45 patients over 65 y.o. and who had usually driven, 30 patients wished to drive again. We performed tests composed of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), line cancellation and line bisection task, Kohs block design test, trail making test (TMT)-A and B, Kana-hiroi test, Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test, and behavioral assessment of the dysexecutive syndrome, in order. When all tests’ scores were better than the cutoff values, we let patients drive again. When some of the scores were worse than the cutoff values, we reevaluated the patients at the outpatient every month. If the patients’ scores could not improve at the outpatient, we recommended them to stop driving. Results: Nineteen of 30 patients could return to driving. Worse MMSE, Kohs block design test, TMT-A, TMT-B scores, higher age, dementia, or consciousness disturbance as chief complaints were associated with driving disability. Conclusion: CSDH is known as treatable dementia. However, we should perform an objective cognitive assessment before discharge because only 63% of the patients over 65 y.o. who wished to drive could return to driving.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Katsuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Iori Yasuda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Norio Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Dan Ozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuya Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Wenting Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Taketo Nishizawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryuzaburo Kochi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kanako Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kokoro Kawamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoya Ishida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ohmi Watanabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Siqi Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinya Shimabukuro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kenichi Yokota
- Department of Rehabilitation, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
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Katsuki M, Narita N, Sato K, Kochi R, Nishizawa T, Kawamura K, Ishida N, Watanabe O, Cai S, Shimabukuro S, Tominaga T. Where to make burr hole for endoscopic hematoma removal against intracerebral hemorrhage at the basal ganglia to increase the hematoma removal rate - Comparison between trans-forehead and along-the-long-axis approaches. Surg Neurol Int 2021; 12:41. [PMID: 33598357 PMCID: PMC7881520 DOI: 10.25259/sni_887_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endoscopic hematoma removal is performed to treat intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) at the basal ganglia. In our hospital, young neurosurgical trainees perform it for the only 1st to the 3rd time. We perform a “trans-forehead approach” and hypothesized that our technique would contribute to higher hematoma removal rate and easiness despite their inexperience. We compared our dataset with an open dataset with along-the-long-axis approaches using pre- and intraoperative neuronavigation by well-trained neurosurgeons and tested the utility of our trans-forehead approach. Methods: We retrospectively investigated our 17 consecutive patients with hypertensive ICH who underwent endoscopic hematoma removal using the trans-forehead approach. We obtained the open dataset and compared our data with the 12 patients from the open dataset using the inverse probability weighting method. Operative time, hematoma removal rate, postoperative hematoma volume, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) on day 7, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at 6 months were assessed as outcomes. Results: The median age was 68 (interquartile range; 58–78) years. Median postoperative hematoma volume, removal rate, operative time, GCS on day 7, and mRS at 6 months were 9 (2–24) mL, 90 (79–98)%, 53 (41–80) min, 13 (12–13), and 4 (2–5), respectively. The weighted generalized estimating equations revealed that operative time was shorter in the along-the-long-axis group, but other items were not significantly different between the two approaches. Conclusion: The hematoma removal rate of endoscopic hematoma removal with the trans-forehead approach by young trainees was not different from that of the along-the-long-axis approach by well-trained neurosurgeons using neuronavigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Katsuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Japan
| | - Norio Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Japan
| | - Kanako Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Japan
| | - Ryuzaburo Kochi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Japan
| | - Taketo Nishizawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Japan
| | - Kokoro Kawamura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Japan
| | - Naoya Ishida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Japan
| | - Ohmi Watanabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Japan
| | - Siqi Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Japan
| | | | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Katsuki M, Narita N, Ishida N, Watanabe O, Cai S, Ozaki D, Sato Y, Kato Y, Jia W, Nishizawa T, Kochi R, Sato K, Tominaga T. Preliminary development of a prediction model for daily stroke occurrences based on meteorological and calendar information using deep learning framework (Prediction One; Sony Network Communications Inc., Japan). Surg Neurol Int 2021; 12:31. [PMID: 33598347 PMCID: PMC7881509 DOI: 10.25259/sni_774_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronologically meteorological and calendar factors were risks of stroke occurrence. However, the prediction of stroke occurrences is difficult depending on only meteorological and calendar factors. We tried to make prediction models for stroke occurrences using deep learning (DL) software, Prediction One (Sony Network Communications Inc., Tokyo, Japan), with those variables. METHODS We retrospectively investigated the daily stroke occurrences between 2017 and 2019. We used Prediction One software to make the prediction models for daily stroke occurrences (present or absent) using 221 chronologically meteorological and calendar factors. We made a prediction models from the 3-year dataset and evaluated their accuracies using the internal cross-validation. Areas under the curves (AUCs) of receiver operating characteristic curves were used as accuracies. RESULTS The 371 cerebral infarction (CI), 184 intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and 53 subarachnoid hemorrhage patients were included in the study. The AUCs of the several DL-based prediction models for all stroke occurrences were 0.532-0.757. Those for CI were 0.600-0.782. Those for ICH were 0.714-0.988. CONCLUSION Our preliminary results suggested a probability of the DL-based prediction models for stroke occurrence only by meteorological and calendar factors. In the future, by synchronizing a variety of medical information among the electronic medical records and personal smartphones as well as integrating the physical activities or meteorological conditions in real time, the prediction of stroke occurrence could be performed with high accuracy, to save medical resources, to have patients care for themselves, and to perform efficient medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahito Katsuki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Norio Narita
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Naoya Ishida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ohmi Watanabe
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Siqi Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Dan Ozaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yoshimichi Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuya Kato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Wenting Jia
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Taketo Nishizawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ryuzaburo Kochi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kanako Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kesennuma City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Nishizawa T, Saito R, Chonan M, Kanamori M, Takanami K, Watanabe M, Tominaga T. A multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor in the right temporal lobe with positive methionine uptake: A case report. Interdisciplinary Neurosurgery 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Tashiro R, Fujimura M, Katsuki M, Nishizawa T, Niizuma K, Tominaga T. Prolonged/Delayed Cerebral Hyperperfusion in Adult Moyamoya Disease Patients with RNF213 Gene Variant c.14576G > A (rs1127354431) after Superficial Temporal Artery-middle Cerebral Artery Bypass. Neurosurgery 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyaa447_208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Tashiro R, Fujimura M, Katsuki M, Nishizawa T, Tomata Y, Niizuma K, Tominaga T. Prolonged/delayed cerebral hyperperfusion in adult patients with moyamoya disease with RNF213 gene polymorphism c.14576G>A (rs112735431) after superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery anastomosis. J Neurosurg 2020; 135:417-424. [PMID: 33096527 DOI: 10.3171/2020.6.jns201037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Superficial temporal artery-middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) anastomosis is the standard surgical management for moyamoya disease (MMD), whereas cerebral hyperperfusion (CHP) is one of the potential complications of this procedure that can result in delayed intracerebral hemorrhage and/or neurological deterioration. Recent advances in perioperative management in the early postoperative period have significantly reduced the risk of CHP syndrome, but delayed intracerebral hemorrhage and prolonged/delayed CHP are still major clinical issues. The clinical implication of RNF213 gene polymorphism c.14576G>A (rs112735431), a susceptibility variant for MMD, includes early disease onset and a more severe form of MMD, but its significance in perioperative pathology is unknown. Thus, the authors investigated the role of RNF213 polymorphism in perioperative hemodynamics after STA-MCA anastomosis for MMD. METHODS Among 96 consecutive adult patients with MMD comprising 105 hemispheres who underwent serial quantitative cerebral blood flow (CBF) analysis by N-isopropyl-p-[123I]iodoamphetamine SPECT after STA-MCA anastomosis, 66 patients consented to genetic analysis of RNF213. Patients were routinely maintained under strict blood pressure control during and after surgery. The local CBF values were quantified at the vascular territory supplied by the bypass on postoperative days (PODs) 1 and 7. The authors defined the radiological CHP phenomenon as a local CBF increase of more than 150% compared with the preoperative values, and then they investigated the correlation between RNF213 polymorphism and the development of CHP. RESULTS CHP at POD 1 was observed in 23 hemispheres (23/73 hemispheres [31.5%]), and its incidence was not statistically different between groups (15/41 [36.6%] in RNF213-mutant group vs 8/32 [25.0%] in RNF213-wild type (WT) group; p = 0.321). CHP on POD 7, which is a relatively late period of the CHP phenomenon in MMD, was evident in 9 patients (9/73 hemispheres [12.3%]) after STA-MCA anastomosis. This prolonged/delayed CHP was exclusively observed in the RNF213-mutant group (9/41 [22.0%] in the RNF213-mutant group vs 0/32 [0.0%] in the RNF213-WT group; p = 0.004). Multivariate analysis revealed that RNF213 polymorphism was significantly associated with CBF increase on POD 7 (OR 5.47, 95% CI 1.06-28.35; p = 0.043). CONCLUSIONS Prolonged/delayed CHP after revascularization surgery was exclusively found in the RNF213-mutant group. Although the exact mechanism underlying the contribution of RNF213 polymorphism to the prolonged/delayed CBF increase in patients with MMD is unclear, the current study suggests that genetic analysis of RNF213 is useful for predicting the perioperative pathology of patients with MMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Tashiro
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Kohnan Hospital, Sendai
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai; and
| | - Miki Fujimura
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Kohnan Hospital, Sendai
| | - Masahito Katsuki
- 1Department of Neurosurgery, Kohnan Hospital, Sendai
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai; and
| | | | - Yasutake Tomata
- 3Division of Epidemiology, Department of Health Informatics and Public Health, Tohoku University School of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Niizuma
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai; and
| | - Teiji Tominaga
- 2Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Tohoku University, Sendai; and
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Nishizawa T, Fujimura M, Katsuki M, Mugikura S, Tashiro R, Sato K, Tominaga T. Prediction of Cerebral Hyperperfusion after Superficial Temporal Artery-Middle Cerebral Artery Anastomosis by Three-Dimensional-Time-of-Flight Magnetic Resonance Angiography in Adult Patients with Moyamoya Disease. Cerebrovasc Dis 2020; 49:396-403. [DOI: 10.1159/000509740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Superficial temporal artery (STA)-middle cerebral artery (MCA) anastomosis is an effective surgical procedure for adult patients with moyamoya disease (MMD) and is known to have the potential to prevent cerebral ischemia and/or hemorrhagic stroke. Cerebral hyperperfusion (CHP) syndrome is one of the serious complications of this procedure that can result in deleterious outcomes, such as delayed intracerebral hemorrhage, but the prediction of CHP before revascularization surgery remains challenging. The present study evaluated the diagnostic value of preoperative three-dimensional (3D)-time-of-flight (TOF) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for predicting CHP after STA-MCA anastomosis for MMD. Materials and Methods: The signal intensity of the peripheral portion of the intracranial major arteries, such as the anterior cerebral artery (ACA), MCA, and posterior cerebral artery (PCA) ipsilateral to STA-MCA anastomosis, on preoperative MRA was graded (0–2 in each vessel) according to the ability to visualize each vessel on 97 affected hemispheres in 83 adult MMD patients. Local cerebral blood flow (CBF) at the site of anastomosis was quantitatively measured by N-isopropyl-p-[123I]-iodoamphetamine single-photon emission computed tomography 1 and 7 days after surgery, in addition to the preoperative CBF value at the corresponding area. Then, we investigated the correlation between the preoperative MRA score and the development of CHP. Results: The CHP phenomenon 1 day after STA-MCA anastomosis (local CBF increase over 150% compared with the preoperative value) was evident in 27 patients (27/97 hemispheres; 28%). Among them, 8 (8 hemispheres) developed CHP syndrome. Multivariate analysis revealed that the hemispheric MRA score (0–6), the summed ACA, MCA, and PCA scores for the affected hemisphere, was significantly associated with the development of CHP syndrome (p = 0.011). The hemispheric MRA score was also significantly correlated with the CHP phenomenon, either symptomatic or asymptomatic (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The signal intensity of the intracranial major arteries, including the ACA, MCA, and PCA, on preoperative 3D-TOF MRA may identify adult MMD patients at higher risk for CHP after direct revascularization surgery.
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Endo H, Fujimura M, Nishizawa T, Saito A, Tominaga T. Focal Cerebellar Hyperperfusion After Bypass Surgery for Vertebrobasilar Ischemia: Effect of Cerebrovascular Reactivity as a Potential Predictor of Hyperperfusion. World Neurosurg 2020; 140:101-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Sato S, Akasaka K, Ohta H, Tsukahara Y, Kida G, Tsumiyama E, Kusano K, Oba T, Nishizawa T, Kawabe R, Yamakawa H, Amano M, Matsushima H, Takada T. Autoimmune pulmonary alveolar proteinosis developed during immunosuppressive treatment in polymyositis with interstitial lung disease: a case report. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:84. [PMID: 32252718 PMCID: PMC7132862 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-1110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is characterized by the accumulation of surfactant proteins within the alveolar spaces. Autoimmune PAP (APAP) caused by elevated levels of GM-CSF autoantibodies (GM-Ab) is very rarely associated with systemic autoimmune disease. Here we report a case of APAP manifested during immunosuppressive treatment for polymyositis with interstitial lung disease. Case presentation A 52-year-old woman treated at our hospital because of polymyositis with interstitial pneumonia had maintained remission by immunosuppressive treatment for 15 years. She had progressive dyspnea subsequently over several months with her chest CT showing ground-glass opacities (GGO) in bilateral geographic distribution. Her bronchoalveolar lavage fluid with cloudy appearance revealed medium-sized foamy macrophages and PAS-positive amorphous eosinophilic materials by cytological examination. We diagnosed her as APAP due to an increased serum GM-CSF autoantibody level. Attenuating immunosuppression failed to lead GGO improvement, but whole lung lavage (WLL) was effective in her condition. Conclusions PAP should be considered as one of the differential diseases when the newly interstitial shadow was observed during immunosuppressive treatment. WLL should be regarded as the treatment option for APAP concurred in connective tissue disease (CTD).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sato
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5, Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan.
| | - K Akasaka
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5, Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - H Ohta
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5, Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - Y Tsukahara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5, Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - G Kida
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5, Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - E Tsumiyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5, Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - K Kusano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5, Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - T Oba
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5, Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - T Nishizawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5, Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - R Kawabe
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5, Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - H Yamakawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5, Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - M Amano
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5, Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - H Matsushima
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5, Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama, 330-8553, Japan
| | - T Takada
- Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami-Uonuma, Japan
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Tanaka A, Ito T, Kibata K, Inagaki-Katashiba N, Amuro H, Nishizawa T, Son Y, Ozaki Y, Nomura S. Serum high-mobility group box 1 is correlated with interferon-α and may predict disease activity in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2019; 28:1120-1127. [PMID: 31299881 DOI: 10.1177/0961203319862865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Sensing self-nucleic acids through toll-like receptors in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), and the dysregulated type I IFN production, represent pathogenic events in the development of the autoimmune responses in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Production of high-mobility group box-1 protein (HMGB1) promotes type I IFN response in pDCs. To better understand the active pathogenic mechanism of SLE, we measured serum levels of HMGB1, thrombomodulin, and cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-17F, IFNα, IFNγ, TNFα) in 35 patients with SLE. Serum HMGB1 and IFNα were significantly higher in patients with active SLE (SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) score ≥ 6) compared with healthy donors or patients with inactive SLE. Furthermore, the HMGB1 levels were significantly correlated with IFNα levels. By qualitative analysis, the detection of serum IFNα or HMGB1 suggests active SLE and the presence of SLE-related arthritis, fever, and urinary abnormality out of SLEDAI manifestations. Collectively, HMGB1 and IFNα levels are biomarkers reflecting disease activity, and qualitative analysis of IFNα or HMGB1 is a useful screening test to estimate SLE severity and manifestations. Our results suggest the clinical significance of type I IFNs and HMGB1 as key molecules promoting the autoimmune process in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tanaka
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata city, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Ito
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata city, Osaka, Japan
| | - K Kibata
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata city, Osaka, Japan
| | - N Inagaki-Katashiba
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata city, Osaka, Japan
| | - H Amuro
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata city, Osaka, Japan
| | - T Nishizawa
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Son
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata city, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Ozaki
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata city, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Nomura
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata city, Osaka, Japan
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Nishizawa T, Almagri AF, Anderson JK, Goodman W, Pueschel MJ, Nornberg MD, Ohshima S, Sarff JS, Terry PW, Williams ZR. Direct Measurement of a Toroidally Directed Zonal Flow in a Toroidal Plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:105001. [PMID: 30932630 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.105001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zonal flow appears in toroidal, magnetically confined plasmas as part of the self-regulated interaction of turbulence and transport processes. For toroidal plasmas having a strong toroidal magnetic field, the zonal flow is predominately poloidally directed. This Letter reports the first observation of a zonal flow that is toroidally directed. The measurements are made just inside the last closed flux surface of reversed field pinch plasmas that have a dominant poloidal magnetic field. A limit cycle oscillation between the strength of the zonal flow and the amplitude of plasma potential fluctuations is observed, which provides evidence for the self-regulation characteristic of drift-wave-type plasma turbulence. The measurements help advance understanding and gyrokinetic modeling of toroidal plasmas in the pursuit of fusion energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishizawa
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A F Almagri
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J K Anderson
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - W Goodman
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M J Pueschel
- Institute for Fusion Studies, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - M D Nornberg
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Ohshima
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - J S Sarff
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - P W Terry
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Z R Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Nishizawa T, Nornberg MD, Boguski J, Den Hartog DJ, Sarff JS, Williams ZR, Xing ZA, Craig D. Measurements of Impurity Transport Due to Drift-Wave Turbulence in a Toroidal Plasma. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:165002. [PMID: 30387678 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.165002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The first direct measurements of an impurity particle flux driven by drift-wave turbulence in a toroidal magnetized plasma are reported. The correlation between the impurity density and radial velocity fluctuations is measured using ion Doppler spectroscopy. The small, very fast radial velocity fluctuation is resolved with the aid of a new linearized spectrum correlation analysis method that rejects uncorrelated noise as the sample size increases. The measured C^{2+} turbulent impurity flux in the edge of the plasma is directed inward and is consistent with impurity density measurements. This is also the first direct evidence for fluctuation-induced transport due to trapped-electron-mode turbulence in reversed field pinch plasmas.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishizawa
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M D Nornberg
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J Boguski
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D J Den Hartog
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J S Sarff
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Z R Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - Z A Xing
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D Craig
- Department of Physics, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois 60187, USA
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Nishizawa T, Almagri AF, Goodman W, Ohshima S, Sarff JS. Development of a multi-channel capacitive probe for electric field measurements with fine spatial and high time resolution. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10J118. [PMID: 30399956 DOI: 10.1063/1.5035093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A capacitive probe [Tan et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 88, 023502 (2017)] is one of a few diagnostics that is directly sensitive to the plasma potential. Using this diagnostic technique, a Multi-channel Linear Capacitive Probe (MLCP) is developed for turbulence measurements. The MLCP has 10 spatial channels and provides 9 points of radial electric field measurements simultaneously with a spatial step of 7 mm. A new readout circuit and a correction technique for low frequency attenuation are also developed to achieve the required spatial and time resolution. A performance test of the MLCP using a reversed field pinch plasma confirms that the MLCP resolves sub-centimeter structures of the equilibrium radial electric field profile and fluctuations up to 680 kHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishizawa
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A F Almagri
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - W Goodman
- Electrical Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - S Ohshima
- Institute of Advanced Energy, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - J S Sarff
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Fridström R, Chapman BE, Almagri AF, Frassinetti L, Brunsell PR, Nishizawa T, Sarff JS. Dependence of Perpendicular Viscosity on Magnetic Fluctuations in a Stochastic Topology. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:225002. [PMID: 29906181 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.225002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In a magnetically confined plasma with a stochastic magnetic field, the dependence of the perpendicular viscosity on the magnetic fluctuation amplitude is measured for the first time. With a controlled, ∼ tenfold variation in the fluctuation amplitude, the viscosity increases ∼100-fold, exhibiting the same fluctuation-amplitude-squared dependence as the predicted rate of stochastic field line diffusion. The absolute value of the viscosity is well predicted by a model based on momentum transport in a stochastic field, the first in-depth test of this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Fridström
- Department of Fusion Plasma Physics, School of Electrical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B E Chapman
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - A F Almagri
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - L Frassinetti
- Department of Fusion Plasma Physics, School of Electrical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P R Brunsell
- Department of Fusion Plasma Physics, School of Electrical Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Nishizawa
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J S Sarff
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1150 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Nishizawa T, Nornberg MD, Den Hartog DJ, Sarff JS. Linearized spectrum correlation analysis for line emission measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:083513. [PMID: 28863643 DOI: 10.1063/1.4999450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A new spectral analysis method, Linearized Spectrum Correlation Analysis (LSCA), for charge exchange and passive ion Doppler spectroscopy is introduced to provide a means of measuring fast spectral line shape changes associated with ion-scale micro-instabilities. This analysis method is designed to resolve the fluctuations in the emission line shape from a stationary ion-scale wave. The method linearizes the fluctuations around a time-averaged line shape (e.g., Gaussian) and subdivides the spectral output channels into two sets to reduce contributions from uncorrelated fluctuations without averaging over the fast time dynamics. In principle, small fluctuations in the parameters used for a line shape model can be measured by evaluating the cross spectrum between different channel groupings to isolate a particular fluctuating quantity. High-frequency ion velocity measurements (100-200 kHz) were made by using this method. We also conducted simulations to compare LSCA with a moment analysis technique under a low photon count condition. Both experimental and synthetic measurements demonstrate the effectiveness of LSCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishizawa
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M D Nornberg
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D J Den Hartog
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - J S Sarff
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Baltzer MM, Craig D, Den Hartog DJ, Nishizawa T, Nornberg MD. Absolute wavelength calibration of a Doppler spectrometer with a custom Fabry-Perot optical system. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11E509. [PMID: 27910359 DOI: 10.1063/1.4955491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
An Ion Doppler Spectrometer (IDS) is used for fast measurements of C VI line emission (343.4 nm) in the Madison Symmetric Torus. Absolutely calibrated flow measurements are difficult because the IDS records data within 0.25 nm of the line. Commercial calibration lamps do not produce lines in this narrow range. A light source using an ultraviolet LED and etalon was designed to provide a fiducial marker 0.08 nm wide. The light is coupled into the IDS at f/4, and a holographic diffuser increases homogeneity of the final image. Random and systematic errors in data analysis were assessed. The calibration is accurate to 0.003 nm, allowing for flow measurements accurate to 3 km/s. This calibration is superior to the previous method which used a time-averaged measurement along a chord believed to have zero net Doppler shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Baltzer
- Department of Physics, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois 60187, USA
| | - D Craig
- Department of Physics, Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois 60187, USA
| | - D J Den Hartog
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - T Nishizawa
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M D Nornberg
- Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
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Nishizawa T, Nornberg MD, Den Hartog DJ, Craig D. Upgrading a high-throughput spectrometer for high-frequency (<400 kHz) measurements. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11E530. [PMID: 27910690 DOI: 10.1063/1.4960073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The upgraded spectrometer used for charge exchange recombination spectroscopy on the Madison Symmetric Torus resolves emission fluctuations up to 400 kHz. The transimpedance amplifier's cutoff frequency was increased based upon simulations comparing the change in the measured photon counts for time-dynamic signals. We modeled each signal-processing stage of the diagnostic and scanned the filtering frequency to quantify the uncertainty in the photon counting rate. This modeling showed that uncertainties can be calculated based on assuming each amplification stage is a Poisson process and by calibrating the photon counting rate with a DC light source to address additional variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishizawa
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - M D Nornberg
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D J Den Hartog
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - D Craig
- Wheaton College, Wheaton, Illinois 60187, USA
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Kumpoun W, Motomura Y, Nishizawa T. FREE AND BOUND POLYPHENOLS IN MANGO FRUIT PEEL AS FUNCTIONAL FOOD INGREDIENTS WITH HIGH ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2015.1088.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Matsumoto M, Ibuki A, Minematsu T, Sugama J, Horii M, Ogai K, Nishizawa T, Dai M, Sato A, Fujimoto Y, Okuwa M, Nakagami G, Nakatani T, Sanada H. Structural changes in dermal collagen and oxidative stress levels in the skin of Japanese overweight males. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 36:477-84. [PMID: 24893563 DOI: 10.1111/ics.12145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been reported that obese people have poorly organized dermal collagen structure because of the degradation of collagen fibers, which is caused by an increase in oxidative stress levels associated with the hypertrophy of subcutaneous adipose cells. However, it is unclear whether an increase in oxidative stress levels caused by the accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue and a change in the dermal structure also occur in overweight and obese Japanese people. The objectives of this study are to identify structural changes that occur in the dermis and to measure the levels of oxidative stress in Japanese overweight males. METHODS The overweight group included 43 Japanese male volunteers aged between 25 and 64 years and with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 and <30. The control group included 47 male volunteers aged between 22 and 64 years and with BMI of <25. The 20-MHz Dermascan C® ultrasound scanner with software for image analyses was used. Echogenicity of the upper and lower dermis was measured. The mRNA expression level of heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX1) in hair follicles was quantitatively analyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and was used as a marker of oxidative stress. Ultrasonographic imaging and collection of hair follicles were performed at the same site on the thigh, abdomen, and upper arm. RESULTS The HMOX1 mRNA expression level in the abdomen and thigh was significantly lower in the overweight group than in the control group. Moreover, the echogenicity of the upper dermis of the abdomen and the lower dermis of the abdomen and thigh was significantly lower in the overweight group than in the control group. CONCLUSION We detected an increase in oxidative stress levels and a decrease in the density of dermal collagen at the same site on the thigh, abdomen, and upper arm of Japanese overweight males. These findings suggest the fragility of the dermis of Japanese overweight males, which might have been caused by the accumulation of subcutaneous adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Division of Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
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Suzuki H, Matsuzaki J, Fukushima Y, Suzaki F, Kasugai K, Nishizawa T, Naito Y, Hayakawa T, Kamiya T, Andoh T, Yoshida H, Tokura Y, Nagata H, Kobayakawa M, Mori M, Kato K, Hosoda H, Takebayashi T, Miura S, Uemura N, Joh T, Hibi T, Tack J. Randomized clinical trial: rikkunshito in the treatment of functional dyspepsia--a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:950-61. [PMID: 24766295 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rikkunshito, a standardized Japanese herbal medicine, is thought to accelerate gastric emptying and relieve dyspepsia, although no large-scale, randomized, placebo-controlled trials of rikkunshito have been conducted. This study aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of rikkunshito for treating functional dyspepsia (FD). METHODS FD patients received 2.5 g rikkunshito or placebo three times a day for 8 weeks in this multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial. The primary end point was the proportion of responders at 8 weeks after starting test drug, determined by global patient assessment (GPA). The improvement in four major dyspepsia symptoms severity scale was also evaluated. In addition, plasma ghrelin levels were investigated before and after treatment. KEY RESULTS Two hundred forty-seven patients were randomly assigned. In the eighth week, the rikkunshito group had more GPA responders (33.6%) than the placebo (23.8%), although this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.09). Epigastric pain was significantly improved (p = 0.04) and postprandial fullness tended to improve (p = 0.06) in the rikkunshito group at week 8. Rikkunshito was relatively more effective among Helicobacter pylori-infected participants (rikkunshito: 40.0% vs placebo: 20.5%, p = 0.07), and seemed less effective among H. pylori-uninfected participants (rikkunshito: 29.3% vs placebo: 25.6%, p = 0.72). Among H. pylori-positive individuals, acyl ghrelin levels were improved just in rikkunshito group. There were no severe adverse events in both groups. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Administration of rikkunshito for 8 weeks reduced dyspepsia, particularly symptoms of epigastric pain and postprandial fullness. (UMIN Clinical Trials Registry, Number UMIN000003954).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Suzuki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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26
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Suzuki H, Nishizawa T, Tani K, Yamazaki Y, Tamura A, Ishitani R, Dohmae N, Tsukita S, Nureki O, Fujiyoshi Y. Crystal Structure of a Claudin Provides Insight into the Architecture of Tight Junctions. Science 2014; 344:304-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1248571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Matsumoto M, Matsuo J, Dai M, Nishizawa T, Matsui K, Ichikawa Y, Okuwa M, Sugama J, Sanada H. Influence of differences in washing methods on skin texture. Int J Cosmet Sci 2014; 36:175-81. [DOI: 10.1111/ics.12114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Matsumoto
- Department of Clinical Nursing; Division of Health Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Kanazawa University; Ishikawa Japan
| | - J. Matsuo
- Faculty of Nursing; Osaka Medicine College; Osaka Japan
| | - M. Dai
- School of Health Sciences; College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; Ishikawa Japan
| | - T. Nishizawa
- School of Health Sciences; College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; Ishikawa Japan
| | - K. Matsui
- School of Health Sciences; College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; Ishikawa Japan
| | - Y. Ichikawa
- Department of Clinical Nursing; Division of Health Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Kanazawa University; Ishikawa Japan
| | - M. Okuwa
- School of Health Sciences; College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; Ishikawa Japan
| | - J. Sugama
- Wellness Promotion Science Center; College of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences; Kanazawa University; Ishikawa Japan
| | - H. Sanada
- Department of Gerontological Nursing and Wound Care Management; Graduate School of Medicine; The University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
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Oh MJ, Kim WS, Seo HG, Gye HJ, Nishizawa T. Change in infectivity titre of nervous necrosis virus (NNV) in brain tissue of sevenband grouper, Epinephalus fasciatus Thunberg, with Poly(I:C) administration. J Fish Dis 2013; 36:159-162. [PMID: 23126474 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2012.01451.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M-J Oh
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea
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29
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Oh MJ, Takami I, Nishizawa T, Kim WS, Kim CS, Kim SR, Park MA. Field tests of Poly(I:C) immunization with nervous necrosis virus (NNV) in sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus (Thunberg). J Fish Dis 2012; 35:187-191. [PMID: 22239254 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2011.01334.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
It was recently reported that Poly(I:C) immunization with live nervous necrosis virus (NNV) confers protection in sevenband grouper, Epinephelus septemfasciatus (Thunberg), from NNV infection. In the present study, we conducted field tests with sevenband grouper for the evaluation of Poly(I:C) immunization efficacy. In the first experiment, sevenband grouper were immunized with NNV followed by Poly(I:C) administration 7 weeks before natural occurrence of viral nervous necrosis (VNN). Survival rate of the naïve fish was 71.0%, whereas that of the immunized fish was 99.8%. In the second experiment, sevenband grouper were immunized 10 months before VNN occurrence and survival rate of the non-treated and vaccinated fish was 79.5% and 97.5%, respectively. In the third experiment, we administered Poly(I:C) to sevenband grouper at 20 days after natural occurrence of VNN. The survival rate of the non-treated fish was 9.8%, whereas that of fish administered Poly(I:C) was 93.7%. Based on these results, it was concluded that Poly(I:C) immunization conferred protection in fish against NNV infection in field tests and the protection lasted more than 10 months. Furthermore, even after occurrence of VNN, fish mortality could be reduced by Poly(I:C) administration and there was an unexpected curative effect on VNN-affected fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-J Oh
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea
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30
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Asano H, Izawa H, Nagata K, Nakatochi M, Kobayashi M, Hirashiki A, Shintani S, Nishizawa T, Tanimura D, Naruse K, Matsubara T, Murohara T, Yokota M. Plasma resistin concentration determined by common variants in the resistin gene and associated with metabolic traits in an aged Japanese population. Diabetologia 2010; 53:234-46. [PMID: 19727657 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Resistin is a cytokine derived from adipose tissue and is implicated in obesity-related insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Polymorphisms of the resistin gene (RETN) have been shown to affect the plasma resistin concentration. The aims of this study were to identify polymorphisms of RETN that influence plasma resistin concentration and to clarify the relation between plasma resistin level and metabolic disorders in an aged Japanese cohort. METHODS The study participants comprised 3133 individuals recruited to a population-based prospective cohort study (KING study). Plasma resistin concentration, BMI, abdominal circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose and serum insulin concentrations, HbA(1c) content and serum lipid profile were measured in all participants. The HOMA index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was also calculated. Eleven polymorphisms of RETN were genotyped. RESULTS A combination of ANOVA and multiple linear regression analysis in screening and large-scale subsets of the study population revealed that plasma resistin concentration was significantly associated with rs34861192 and rs3745368 polymorphisms of RETN. Multiple linear regression analysis with adjustment for age and sex also showed that the plasma resistin level was significantly associated with serum concentrations of HDL-cholesterol, triacylglycerol and insulin, as well as with BMI. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our results implicate the rs34861192 and rs3745368 polymorphisms of RETN as robust and independent determinants of plasma resistin concentration in the study population. In addition, plasma resistin level was associated with dyslipidaemia, serum insulin concentration and obesity. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00262691.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Asano
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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31
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Hossain M, Kim SR, Kitamura SI, Kim DW, Jung SJ, Nishizawa T, Yoshimizu M, Oh MJ. Lymphocystis disease virus persists in the epidermal tissues of olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminch & Schlegel), at low temperatures. J Fish Dis 2009; 32:699-703. [PMID: 19515073 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01048.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Olive flounder artificially infected with lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) were reared at 10, 20 and 30 degrees C for 60 days, to compare LCD-incidence. In the fish reared at 20 degrees C, lymphocystis cells appeared on the skin and fins at 35 days post-challenge, and the cumulative LCD-incidence was 80% at 60 days. High levels of LCDV, with a mean polymerase chain reaction (PCR) titre of 10(6) PCR-U mg(-1) tissue, were detected in the fins and skin of LCD-affected fish at 20 degrees C, but were not detected in the spleen, kidney, brain and intestinal tissues of these fish. No LCD clinical signs were observed in the fish reared at 10 degrees C and 30 degrees C; however, a low level of LCDV (10(3) PCR-U mg(-1) tissue) was detected in the fins and skin of these fish. By increasing the rearing temperature from 10 to 20 degrees C, lymphocystis clusters appeared on the skin and fins of the fish with no previous LCD clinical signs within 33 days after the temperature change. It was shown that permissive cells for LCDV infection exist in the epidermis of olive flounder. At low temperatures, small amounts of LCDV were able to persist over a period extended for a further 45 days in the fish epidermis, even though the fish showed no LCD clinical signs. The optimum growth temperature of LCDV is near 20 degrees C.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hossain
- Division of Food Science & Aqualife Medicine, Chonnam National University, Yeosu, Korea
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32
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Nishizawa T, Okafuji K, Murayama H. STORABILITY AND DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSIOLOGICAL DISORDER OF NETTED MELON 'LIFE' FRUIT AS INFLUENCED BY STORAGE CONDITIONS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2009.837.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Nishizawa T, Takeda M, Murayama H, Matsushima U. EFFECTS OF TIO2 PHOTOCATALYTIC OXIDATION IN THE ROOM ATMOSPHERE AND THE QUALITY OF TOMATO FRUIT DURING STORAGE UNDER A CLOSED SYSTEM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2008.804.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishizawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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35
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Kim WS, Nishizawa T, Yoshimizu M. Non-specific adsorption of fish immunoglobulin M (IgM) to blocking reagents on ELISA plate wells. Dis Aquat Organ 2007; 78:55-59. [PMID: 18159673 DOI: 10.3354/dao01843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is a popular technique for quantifiable detection of specific antibodies in warm-blooded animals, but it has not been accepted for detection of fish antibodies because of its low reproducibility, which is due in part to high background optical density (OD) measurements. In the present study, we report that the high background of a fish antibody-detection ELISA resulted from non-specific adsorption of fish immunoglobulin M (IgM) to blocking reagents on the ELISA plate wells. Four fish sera (from rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, masu salmon O. masou, Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus and koi Cyprinus carpio) were poured into ELISA plate wells pre-blocked with several blocking reagents (skim milk, soybean milk, bovine serum albumin, fetal bovine serum, gelatin and Roche BlockingReagent) and then washed out in order to measure the remaining fish IgM on the ELISA plate wells. Significant amounts of fish IgMs (OD absorbance at 492 nm: 0.3 to 1.1) remained on the ELISA plate wells with no antigenic protein except blocking reagents. The amount of remaining fish IgMs on the ELISA plate wells decreased significantly following treatment of fish sera with skim milk. However, the specific immuno-reactivity of fish IgM was not reduced by such treatment. Thus, we conclude that treatment of fish sera with skim milk is useful in reducing the high background OD often observed in fish IgM detection ELISA.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S Kim
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate 041-8611, Japan
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36
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Kim WS, Oh MJ, Nishizawa T, Park JW, Kurath G, Yoshimizu M. Genotyping of Korean isolates of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) based on the glycoprotein gene. Arch Virol 2007; 152:2119-24. [PMID: 17668275 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-007-1027-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Accepted: 06/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glycoprotein (G) gene nucleotide sequences of four Korean isolates of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) were analyzed to evaluate their genetic relatedness to worldwide isolates. All Korean isolates were closely related to Japanese isolates of genogroup JRt rather than to those of North American and European genogroups. It is believed that Korean IHNV has been most likely introduced from Japan to Korea by the movement of contaminated fish eggs. Among the Korean isolates, phylogenetically distinct virus types were obtained from sites north and south of a large mountain range, suggesting the possibility of more than one introduction of virus from Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-S Kim
- Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
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37
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38
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Nishizawa T, Kinoshita S, Kim WS, Higashi S, Yoshimizu M. Nucleotide diversity of Japanese isolates of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) based on the glycoprotein gene. Dis Aquat Organ 2006; 71:267-72. [PMID: 17058607 DOI: 10.3354/dao071267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), a member of the genus Novirhabdovirus, causes a highly lethal disease of salmonid fish. In the present study, G gene nucleotide sequences of 9 Japanese IHNV isolates obtained from 1971 to 1996 were analyzed to evaluate the genetic diversity and compared with IHNV isolates from North America and Europe. A radial phylogenetic tree revealed 5 major clusters including 3 genogroups (U, M and L) for North American isolates and 1 genogroup for European isolates. Five Japanese isolates from 1971 to 1982 appeared in the cluster for genogroup U, while the remaining Japanese isolates from 1980 to 1996 formed a new genogroup, JRt (Japanese rainbow trout). Maximum nucleotide diversity among the Japanese isolates was 4.5%, which was greater than that within the North American isolates (3.6%), and the degree of nucleotide diversity within Japanese isolates was increased by inclusion of the genogroup JRt isolates. It was concluded that Japanese isolates shared a common source with the genogroup U of the North American isolates and that there were large divergences between Japanese isolates before and after the 1980s.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishizawa
- Faculty of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, 041-8611, Japan
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Nakata K, Inagawa H, Nishizawa T, Kohchi C, Soma GI. Specific messenger RNA expression for signal transduction molecules by lipopolysaccharide in intestinal macrophages. Clin Exp Immunol 2006; 143:484-93. [PMID: 16487248 PMCID: PMC1809606 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2006.03014.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal macrophages are known to display profound inflammatory anergy in response to lipopolysacchraide (LPS). To study the mechanisms of unresponsiveness of intestinal macrophages to LPS, we compared the mRNA expression of molecules associated with signal transduction of intestinal macrophages with those of other tissue macrophages. Also cellular localization of CD14 protein was examined. Intestinal, alveolar and peritoneal macrophages were isolated from rats or mice. The expression of mRNA was assessed by real-time PCR, and cellular localization of CD14 protein was examined by flow cytometry. Cellular responses to LPS were examined by production of TNF and NO. The expression of CD14 mRNA in intestinal macrophages was lower than for peritoneal macrophages but higher than for alveolar macrophages. The mRNA expression of other molecules corresponding to intracellular signal transduction in intestinal macrophages was similar with alveolar and peritoneal macrophages. Despite the presence of CD14 mRNA, proteins of CD14 were not detected on cell surfaces of intestinal macrophages, and induction of TNF or NO responding to LPS were not detected. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that CD14 protein was not expressed on the cell surface but was expressed inside intestinal macrophages. The unresponsiveness of intestinal macrophages after LPS exposure is considered to be largely attributed to the lack of CD14 protein on their cell surfaces. However, CD14 protein was expressed inside of the cells, suggesting that post-transcriptional regulation rather than transcriptional suppression may play a dominant role in determining the phenotype of the intestinal macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakata
- Institute for Health Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Yamashiro-cho, Tokushima 770-8514, Japan
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40
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Kitamura SI, Jung SJ, Kim WS, Nishizawa T, Yoshimizu M, Oh MJ. A new genotype of lymphocystivirus, LCDV-RF, from lymphocystis diseased rockfish. Arch Virol 2005; 151:607-15. [PMID: 16328139 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-005-0661-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2005] [Accepted: 09/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) is the causative agent of lymphocystis disease. In this study, nucleotide sequences of the major capsid protein (MCP) gene were analyzed among LCDV isolates from Japanese flounder and rockfish. A phylogenetic tree revealed three clusters for lymphocystiviruses. The first cluster included Japanese flounder isolates; the second cluster consisted of rockfish isolates; and the remaining one consisted of LCDV-1. Nucleotide sequence identities were > or =99.6% among Japanese flounder isolates and 100% among rockfish isolates, while between each cluster they were < or =85.2%. Experimental infections with Japanese flounder and rockfish isolates revealed that Japanese flounder and rockfish were infected by the respective homologous isolate but not by the heterologous isolate. These findings suggest that at least three genotypes exist in the genus Lymphocystivirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-I Kitamura
- Department of Aqualife Medicine, Yosu National University, Yosu, Korea
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41
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Tsatsralt-Od B, Takahashi M, Nishizawa T, Inoue J, Ulaankhuu D, Okamoto H. High prevalence of hepatitis B, C and delta virus infections among blood donors in Mongolia. Arch Virol 2005; 150:2513-28. [PMID: 16012782 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-005-0590-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2005] [Accepted: 05/20/2005] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Serum samples obtained from 289 first-time and 114 repeat donors at the Blood Center of Mongolia (MBC) were tested for serological and molecular markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infections. Among the 403 blood donors, 33 (8.2%), 21 (5.2%), and 27 (6.7%) tested positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and/or HBV DNA, HCV RNA, and HDV RNA, respectively. Collectively, 55 donors were viremic for one or more of these viruses, and included 54 first-time donors (18.7%) and 1 repeat donor (0.9%) (P < 0.0001). One discrepant case with HBsAg detectable only at MBC was negative for HBsAg, HBV DNA and anti-HBc in this study. Four donors who were HCV-viremic in this study were negative for anti-HCV by the MBC method. Further efforts to increase the sensitivity and specificity of the currently-used tests are urgently required in Mongolia. Three donors who were positive for anti-HBc and anti-HDV but negative for HBsAg, had both HBV DNA and HDV RNA. This suggests that introduction of a new anti-HDV serological test is useful for not only HDV screening but also HBV screening of anti-HBc-positive, HBsAg negative donors, considering a possibility of viral interference by coexisting HDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Tsatsralt-Od
- Division of Virology, Department of Infection and Immunity, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi-Ken, Japan
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Abstract
A 78-year-old woman has suffered from pure red-cell aplasia (PRCA) associated with generalized myasthenia gravis and thymoma. Cyclosporin A (CyA) with corticosteroid increased numbers of erythroid cells in her bone marrow cells but she required monthly blood transfusions. Administration of tacrolimus as a substitution for CyA inhibited progression of anemia without the need for further blood transfusion. No serious side effects were observed. This case demonstrates that tacrolimus is another option of treatment for PRCA in patients who fail to respond to CyA.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yoshida
- Department of Neurology, Utano National Hospital, Narutaki, Kyoto, Japan
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43
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Itoh K, Nishizawa T, Yamagata J, Fujii M, Osaka N, Kudryashov I. Raman Microspectroscopic Study on Polymerization and Degradation Processes of a Diacetylene Derivative at Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Active Substrates. 1. Reaction Kinetics. J Phys Chem B 2004; 109:264-70. [PMID: 16851012 DOI: 10.1021/jp040363b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Raman microspectroscopy was applied to study the polymerization kinetics of the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (DA) adsorbed on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active Ag island films. A two-dimensional (2D) Raman microscopic image measured at 1520 cm(-1) exhibits bright and dim spots with the diameter of several hundred nanometers. Raman microscopic spectra, measured by defocusing the excitation laser light (532 nm, diameter of ca. 10 mum) on the samples at room temperature, proved the occurrence of the surface processes consisting of the formation of polydiacetylene (PDA) in the blue phase, its conversion to the red phase, and subsequent bleaching. These reactions were negligible under the same condition for the DA-LB films prepared on a smooth (i.e., SERS-inactive) Ag film, indicating that the 532-nm-induced polymerization and the bleaching process are enhanced by the SERS-active substrates. At low temperatures below -50 degrees C, the Raman microscopic measurements proved the formation of the blue phase and its conversion to the red phase with much lower reaction rates compared to the corresponding rates at room temperature. The bleaching, however, was much suppressed at the low temperatures. The kinetic analyses of the formation of the blue phase and its conversion to the red phase were performed by using the intensity changes of the Raman bands due to the blue (1477 cm(-1)) and red (1517 cm(-1)) phases as a function of the irradiation time. The results strongly suggested the existence of at least two processes taking place simultaneously on the SERS-active substrates; that is, one of the processes is a sequential reaction, DA-monomers --> PDA in the blue phase --> PDA in the red phase, and the other is another sequential reaction, DA-monomers --> PDA in the red phase --> degradation species (probably amorphous carbon). Thus, even at the low temperatures, there occurs the surface reaction consisting of the formation of PDA and its degradation. The reaction can be ascribed to a process taking place at the highly SERS-active site, which gives the bright spot (so-called "hot spot") on the 2D Raman image, as proved by the confocal Raman microscopic measurement in the following paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Itoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
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Itoh K, Kudryashov I, Yamagata J, Nishizawa T, Fujii M, Osaka N. Raman Microspectroscopic Study on Polymerization and Degradation Processes of a Diacetylene Derivative at Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Active Substrates. 2. Confocal Raman Microscopic Observation of Polydiacetylene Adsorbed on Active Sites. J Phys Chem B 2004; 109:271-6. [PMID: 16851013 DOI: 10.1021/jp0403644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Confocal Raman microscopic measurements were performed at room temperature on the Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) monolayer of 10,12-pentacosadiynoic acid (DA) prepared on surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active Ag island films, two-dimensional (2D) Raman images of which exhibit bright and dim spots on a dark background. The measurements performed by focusing the excitation laser light (488 nm) on the dark background indicate the prompt appearance of the Raman bands (1515 and 2115 cm(-1)) due to polydiacetylene (PDA) in the red phase and subsequent diminution of the Raman bands. On the other hand, the spectra observed by focusing the excitation laser spot on the dim and bright spots exhibit almost random fluctuations, giving rather narrow Raman bands in the 1620-1000 cm(-1) region, which appear and disappear temporarily with varying intensities under the continuous irradiation at 488 nm. Broad Raman bands appear around 1580 and 1360 cm(-1), which are ascribable to amorphous carbon, at a later stage of the observation, the intensities from the bright spot being more than 100 times stronger than those from the dim spot. The narrow bands are ascribed to a series of carbonaceous intermediates such as polyenes, graphite sheets with various sizes, and folded or reorganized forms of the sheets including carbon nanotubes and fullerenes, which are formed during the conversion of PDA to amorphous carbon. The random spectral fluctuation was interpreted by considering that the intermediates undergo thermally activated diffusion and get temporarily in contact with the SERS-active site, resulting in the enhancement of their Raman bands and the fluctuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Itoh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
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Okamoto H, Takahashi M, Nishizawa T, Usui R, Kobayashi E. Presence of antibodies to hepatitis E virus in Japanese pet cats. Infection 2004; 32:57-8. [PMID: 15007745 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-004-3078-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2003] [Accepted: 10/10/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Muroga K, Iida H, Mori K, Nishizawa T, Arimoto M. Experimental horizontal transmission of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Dis Aquat Organ 2004; 58:111-115. [PMID: 15109132 DOI: 10.3354/dao058111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Infection by viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) has recently occurred among wild and farmed Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in Japan. In the present study, horizontal transmission of VHSV among Japanese flounder was experimentally demonstrated by immersion challenge. Exposure to a flounder isolate (Obama25) of VHSV revealed a dose-response, with higher mortality (81 and 70%) at the 2 higher exposure levels (6.0 and 4.0 log10 TCID50 ml(-1)). In a second experiment, high titers of VHSV were expressed from moribund and dead flounder based on virus detection in holding-tank waters 2 to 3 d prior to death of the fish and 1 d after death. The virus could not be detected in tank waters 2 d after death. Finally, a third cohabitation experiment in small tanks demonstrated horizontal transmission of VHSV from experimentally infected to uninfected fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Muroga
- Graduate School of Biosphere Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8528, Japan.
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Wu JL, Nishioka T, Mori K, Nishizawa T, Muroga K. A time-course study on the resistance of Penaeus japonicus induced by artificial infection with white spot syndrome virus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2002; 13:391-403. [PMID: 12458745 DOI: 10.1006/fsim.2002.0414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The onset and duration of resistance in experimental survivors of Penaeus japonicus produced by an intramuscular injection with white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) were surveyed by re-challenge tests with the virus conducted at weeks 1-4 and months 1-3 post initial exposure (PIE) to the virus. Virus neutralising activity in the survivors' plasma was also examined. Plasma-treated WSSV was separated from the plasma by centrifugation and then injected into naïve shrimp, in parallel with each re-challenge test. Re-challenge tests of the survivors conducted at weeks 1-4 PIE revealed that the resistance commenced at week 3 (relative percent survival, RPS: 39%) and almost fully developed at week 4 (RPS: 58%), because statistically significant differences in survival rates were observed between the test (previously virus exposed) and control groups at weeks 3 and 4. Re-challenge at months 1-3 PIE resulted in RPS values of 67, 54 and 6%, respectively, indicating the resistance persisted until month 2. RPS values in neutralisation tests performed at weeks 1-4 and months 1-3 PIE were -5, 14, 36, 50, 100, 38 and 6%, respectively, which coincided with the RPS values in each re-challenge test conducted in parallel. The present results demonstrated that resistance of P. japonicus against the viral pathogen developed 3 or 4 weeks after an exposure to the virus, and it persisted for another month at 24 degrees C. The resistance was paralleled by a humoral neutralising factor(s) in the plasma of shrimp.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Wu
- Laboratory of Fish Pathology, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima 739-8528, Japan
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Nishizawa T, Iida H, Takano R, Isshiki T, Nakajima K, Muroga K. Genetic relatedness among Japanese, American and European isolates of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) based on partial G and P genes. Dis Aquat Organ 2002; 48:143-148. [PMID: 12005236 DOI: 10.3354/dao048143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Molecular virological analyses of 8 Japanese VHSV (viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus) isolates from wild and farmed Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus were performed to investigate their genetic relatedness to American and European isolates of VHSV. Phylogenetic analyses based on the partial nucleotide sequences of G and P genes revealed that there are 2 genogroups of VHSV in Japan. The first one represented by the Obama25 isolate is closely related to the American isolates (Genogroup I) while the other, the KRRV9601 isolate, is closely related to the traditional European isolates (Genogroup III). The 2 types of Japanese VHSV showed differences in the relative mobility of the G protein and intensity of the antibody reaction on the P and M proteins. The Obama25 type of VHSV is widely distributed as a native virus in the coastal areas of western Japan and has been responsible for the occurrence of VHSV infection in farmed Japanese flounder while the KRRV9601 isolate is considered to have been introduced from a foreign country.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nishizawa
- Faculty of Applied Biological Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan.
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Peng YH, Nishizawa T, Takahashi M, Ishikawa T, Yoshikawa A, Okamoto H. Analysis of the entire genomes of thirteen TT virus variants classifiable into the fourth and fifth genetic groups, isolated from viremic infants. Arch Virol 2002; 147:21-41. [PMID: 11855633 DOI: 10.1007/s705-002-8301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
TT virus (TTV) DNA in serum samples obtained from 24 TTV-infected infants was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with inverse primers derived from the untranslated region. The amplified PCR products were molecularly cloned; six clones each were analyzed. Seventy-six (53%) of the 144 TTV clones were classified into group 4 (YONBAN isolates), and 22 (15%) into a novel genetic group (group 5). The TTV clones in group 4 were classified into 9 types, and those in group 5 into 4 types. The entire nucleotide sequence of one representative clone each from the 13 types were determined; they comprised 3570-3770 nucleotides, and had poor homology to TTVs of groups 1-3 (TA278, PMV and SANBAN isolates). A phylogenetic tree based on the entire nucleotide sequence of open reading frame 1 confirmed the presence of five distinct clusters separated by a bootstrap value of 100%. Analysis of 13 TTV variants demonstrated preservation of the genomic organization and transcription profile in all TTV groups. TTV group 4 was detected in 54% or 72% of 7-to-12-month-old infants in Japan and China, respectively, which is comparable with that among adults in the respective country, indicating early and frequent acquisition of this TTV group in infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Peng
- Immunology Division, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi-Ken, Japan
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Okamoto H, Takahashi M, Nishizawa T, Fukai K, Muramatsu U, Yoshikawa A. Analysis of the complete genome of indigenous swine hepatitis E virus isolated in Japan. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2001; 289:929-36. [PMID: 11741279 DOI: 10.1006/bbrc.2001.6088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction with primers derived from well-conserved genomic areas among all four hepatitis E virus (HEV) genotypes (I-IV), the HEV sequence was identified in serum samples obtained from 3 (3%) out of 95 60- to 90-day-old pigs in Japan and characterized molecularly. In the partial sequence of open reading frame (ORF) 2 of 421 nucleotides, the three swine isolates (swJ570, swJ681, and swJ791) showed the highest similarity of 83-87% to genotype III HEV representing human and swine strains (US1, US2, and swUS1) in the United States. The full-length nucleotide sequence of swJ570 consisted of 7225 nucleotides excluding the poly(A) tail and contained ORF 1 encoding 1703 amino acids (aa), ORF2 encoding 660 aa, and ORF3 encoding 122 aa. The swJ570 strain was most closely related to a Japanese strain (JRA1), which had been obtained from a hepatitis patient who had not traveled outside Japan. The overall nucleotide sequence identity between them was 89% and the deduced amino acid sequence identities of ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3 were 96, 99, and 98%, respectively. These results indicate that a certain proportion of pigs in Japan are HEV-viremic and may act as reservoirs of HEV infection, and that the presence of an indigenous strain(s) of HEV should be taken into consideration for the diagnosis of acute hepatitis in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Okamoto
- Immunology Division and Division of Molecular Virology, Jichi Medical School, Tochigi-Ken, 329-0498, Japan.
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