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Thabault L, Brisson L, Brustenga C, Martinez Gache SA, Prévost JRC, Kozlova A, Spillier Q, Liberelle M, Benyahia Z, Messens J, Copetti T, Sonveaux P, Frédérick R. Interrogating the Lactate Dehydrogenase Tetramerization Site Using (Stapled) Peptides. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4628-4643. [PMID: 32250117 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Lactate dehydrogenases (LDHs) are tetrameric enzymes of major significance in cancer metabolism as well as promising targets for cancer therapy. However, their wide and polar catalytic sites make them a challenging target for orthosteric inhibition. In this work, we conceived to target LDH tetramerization sites with the ambition of disrupting their oligomeric state. To do so, we designed a protein model of a dimeric LDH-H. We exploited this model through WaterLOGSY nuclear magnetic resonance and microscale thermophoresis for the identification and characterization of a set of α-helical peptides and stapled derivatives that specifically targeted the LDH tetramerization sites. This strategy resulted in the design of a macrocyclic peptide that competes with the LDH tetramerization domain, thus disrupting and destabilizing LDH tetramers. These peptides and macrocycles, along with the dimeric model of LDH-H, constitute promising pharmacological tools for the de novo design and identification of LDH tetramerization disruptors. Overall, our study demonstrates that disrupting LDH oligomerization state by targeting their tetramerization sites is achievable and paves the way toward LDH inhibition through this novel molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léopold Thabault
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.,Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucie Brisson
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.,INSERM UMR1069, Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer, Université François-Rabelais, F-37041 Tours, France
| | - Chiara Brustenga
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Santiago A Martinez Gache
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Brussels Center for Redox Biology, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien R C Prévost
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arina Kozlova
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Quentin Spillier
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium.,Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maxime Liberelle
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Zohra Benyahia
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Joris Messens
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Brussels Center for Redox Biology, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tamara Copetti
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raphaël Frédérick
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Brisson L, Bański P, Sboarina M, Dethier C, Danhier P, Fontenille MJ, Van Hée VF, Vazeille T, Tardy M, Falces J, Bouzin C, Porporato PE, Frédérick R, Michiels C, Copetti T, Sonveaux P. Lactate Dehydrogenase B Controls Lysosome Activity and Autophagy in Cancer. Cancer Cell 2016; 30:418-431. [PMID: 27622334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic adaptability is essential for tumor progression and includes cooperation between cancer cells with different metabolic phenotypes. Optimal glucose supply to glycolytic cancer cells occurs when oxidative cancer cells use lactate preferentially to glucose. However, using lactate instead of glucose mimics glucose deprivation, and glucose starvation induces autophagy. We report that lactate sustains autophagy in cancer. In cancer cells preferentially to normal cells, lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB), catalyzing the conversion of lactate and NAD(+) to pyruvate, NADH and H(+), controls lysosomal acidification, vesicle maturation, and intracellular proteolysis. LDHB activity is necessary for basal autophagy and cancer cell proliferation not only in oxidative cancer cells but also in glycolytic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucie Brisson
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Piotr Bański
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Martina Sboarina
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Coralie Dethier
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Danhier
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Joséphine Fontenille
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vincent F Van Hée
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thibaut Vazeille
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Morgane Tardy
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jorge Falces
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- IREC Imaging Platform, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paolo E Porporato
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Raphaël Frédérick
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Tamara Copetti
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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3
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Van Hée VF, Pérez-Escuredo J, Cacace A, Copetti T, Sonveaux P. Lactate does not activate NF-κB in oxidative tumor cells. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:228. [PMID: 26528183 PMCID: PMC4602127 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The lactate anion is currently emerging as an oncometabolite. Lactate, produced and exported by glycolytic and glutaminolytic cells in tumors, can be recycled as an oxidative fuel by oxidative tumors cells. Independently of hypoxia, it can also activate transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) in tumor and endothelial cells, promoting angiogenesis. These protumoral activities of lactate depend on lactate uptake, a process primarily facilitated by the inward, passive lactate-proton symporter monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1); the conversion of lactate and NAD(+) to pyruvate, NADH and H(+) by lactate dehydrogenase-1 (LDH-1); and a competition between pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate that inhibits prolylhydroxylases (PHDs). Endothelial cells do not primarily use lactate as an oxidative fuel but, rather, as a signaling agent. In addition to HIF-1, lactate can indeed activate transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in these cells, through a mechanism not only depending on PHD inhibition but also on NADH alimenting NAD(P)H oxidases to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). While NF-κB activity in endothelial cells promotes angiogenesis, NF-κB activation in tumor cells is known to stimulate tumor progression by conferring resistance to apoptosis, stemness, pro-angiogenic and metastatic capabilities. In this study, we therefore tested whether exogenous lactate could activate NF-κB in oxidative tumor cells equipped for lactate signaling. We report that, precisely because they are oxidative, HeLa and SiHa human tumor cells do not activate NF-κB in response to lactate. Indeed, while lactate-derived pyruvate is well-known to inhibit PHDs in these cells, we found that NADH aliments oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in mitochondria rather than NAD(P)H oxidases in the cytosol. These data were confirmed using oxidative human Cal27 and MCF7 tumor cells. This new information positions the malate-aspartate shuttle as a key player in the oxidative metabolism of lactate: similar to glycolysis that aliments OXPHOS with pyruvate produced by pyruvate kinase and NADH produced by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), oxidative lactate metabolism aliments OXPHOS in oxidative tumor cells with pyruvate and NADH produced by LDH1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) Medical SchoolBrussels, Belgium
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Abstract
Ubiquitously expressed micro- and m-calpain proteases consist of 80-kDa catalytic subunits encoded by the Capn1 and Capn2 genes, respectively, and a common 28-kDa regulatory subunit encoded by the calpain small 1 (Capns1) gene. The micro- and m-calpain proteases have been implicated in both pro- or anti-apoptotic functions. We have found that Capns1 depletion is coupled to increased sensitivity to apoptosis triggered by a number of autophagy-inducing stimuli in mammalian cells. Therefore we investigated the involvement of calpains in autophagy using MEFs derived from Capns1 knockout mice and Capns1 depleted human cells as model systems. We found that autophagy is impaired in Capns1-deficient cells by immunostaining of the endogenous autophagosome marker LC3 and electron microscopy experiments. Accordingly, the enhancement of lysosomal activity and long-lived proteins degradation, normally occurring upon starvation, are also reduced. In Capns1-depleted cells ectopic LC3 accumulates in early endosome-like vesicles that might represent a salvage pathway for protein degradation when autophagy is defective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Demarchi
- Laboratorio Nazionale Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie AREA Science Park, Padriciano, Italy.
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5
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Porporato PE, Payen VL, Pérez-Escuredo J, De Saedeleer CJ, Danhier P, Copetti T, Dhup S, Tardy M, Vazeille T, Bouzin C, Feron O, Michiels C, Gallez B, Sonveaux P. A mitochondrial switch promotes tumor metastasis. Cell Rep 2014; 8:754-66. [PMID: 25066121 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2013] [Revised: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic progression of cancer is associated with poor outcome, and here we examine metabolic changes underlying this process. Although aerobic glycolysis is known to promote metastasis, we have now identified a different switch primarily affecting mitochondria. The switch involves overload of the electron transport chain (ETC) with preserved mitochondrial functions but increased mitochondrial superoxide production. It provides a metastatic advantage phenocopied by partial ETC inhibition, another situation associated with enhanced superoxide production. Both cases involved protein tyrosine kinases Src and Pyk2 as downstream effectors. Thus, two different events, ETC overload and partial ETC inhibition, promote superoxide-dependent tumor cell migration, invasion, clonogenicity, and metastasis. Consequently, specific scavenging of mitochondrial superoxide with mitoTEMPO blocked tumor cell migration and prevented spontaneous tumor metastasis in murine and human tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo E Porporato
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology (FATH), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Valéry L Payen
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology (FATH), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Jhudit Pérez-Escuredo
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology (FATH), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Christophe J De Saedeleer
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology (FATH), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Pierre Danhier
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group (REMA), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Tamara Copetti
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology (FATH), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Suveera Dhup
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology (FATH), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Morgane Tardy
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology (FATH), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Thibaut Vazeille
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology (FATH), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology (FATH), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology (FATH), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | | | - Bernard Gallez
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group (REMA), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology (FATH), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels 1200, Belgium.
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6
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Hick AC, Delmarcelle AS, Bouquet M, Klotz S, Copetti T, Forez C, Van Der Smissen P, Sonveaux P, Collet JF, Feron O, Courtoy PJ, Pierreux CE. Reciprocal epithelial:endothelial paracrine interactions during thyroid development govern follicular organization and C-cells differentiation. Dev Biol 2013; 381:227-40. [PMID: 23707896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The thyroid is a highly vascularized endocrine gland, displaying a characteristic epithelial organization in closed spheres, called follicles. Here we investigate how endothelial cells are recruited into the developing thyroid and if they control glandular organization as well as thyrocytes and C-cells differentiation. We show that endothelial cells closely surround, and then invade the expanding thyroid epithelial cell mass to become closely associated with nascent polarized follicles. This close and sustained endothelial:epithelial interaction depends on epithelial production of the angiogenic factor, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A), as its thyroid-specific genetic inactivation reduced the endothelial cell pool of the thyroid by > 90%. Vegfa KO also displayed decreased C-cells differentiation and impaired organization of the epithelial cell mass into follicles. We developed an ex vivo model of thyroid explants that faithfully mimicks bilobation of the thyroid anlagen, endothelial and C-cells invasion, folliculogenesis and differentiation. Treatment of thyroid explants at e12.5 with a VEGFR2 inhibitor ablated the endothelial pool and reproduced ex vivo folliculogenesis defects observed in conditional Vegfa KO. In the absence of any blood supply, rescue by embryonic endothelial progenitor cells restored folliculogenesis, accelerated lumen expansion and stimulated calcitonin expression by C-cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that, in developing mouse thyroid, epithelial production of VEGF-A is necessary for endothelial cells recruitment and expansion. In turn, endothelial cells control epithelial reorganization in follicles and C-cells differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Christine Hick
- de Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
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7
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Danhier P, Copetti T, De Preter G, Leveque P, Feron O, Jordan BF, Sonveaux P, Gallez B. Influence of cell detachment on the respiration rate of tumor and endothelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53324. [PMID: 23382841 PMCID: PMC3559693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell detachment is a procedure routinely performed in cell culture and a necessary step in many biochemical assays including the determination of oxygen consumption rates (OCR) in vitro. In vivo, cell detachment has been shown to exert profound metabolic influences notably in cancer but also in other pathologies, such as retinal detachment for example. In the present study, we developed and validated a new technique combining electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry and the use of cytodex 1 and collagen-coated cytodex 3 dextran microbeads, which allowed the unprecedented comparison of the OCR of adherent and detached cells with high sensitivity. Hence, we demonstrated that both B16F10 melanoma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) experience strong OCR decrease upon trypsin or collagenase treatments. The reduction of cell oxygen consumption was more pronounced with a trypsin compared to a collagenase treatment. Cells remaining in suspension also encounter a marked intracellular ATP depletion and an increase in the lactate production/glucose uptake ratio. These findings highlight the important influence exerted by cell adhesion/detachment on cell respiration, which can be probed with the unprecedented experimental assay that was developed and validated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Danhier
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tamara Copetti
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Géraldine De Preter
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Leveque
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte F. Jordan
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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8
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De Saedeleer CJ, Copetti T, Porporato PE, Verrax J, Feron O, Sonveaux P. Lactate activates HIF-1 in oxidative but not in Warburg-phenotype human tumor cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46571. [PMID: 23082126 PMCID: PMC3474765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer can be envisioned as a metabolic disease driven by pressure selection and intercellular cooperativeness. Together with anaerobic glycolysis, the Warburg effect, formally corresponding to uncoupling glycolysis from oxidative phosphorylation, directly participates in cancer aggressiveness, supporting both tumor progression and dissemination. The transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key contributor to glycolysis. It stimulates the expression of glycolytic transporters and enzymes supporting high rate of glycolysis. In this study, we addressed the reverse possibility of a metabolic control of HIF-1 in tumor cells. We report that lactate, the end-product of glycolysis, inhibits prolylhydroxylase 2 activity and activates HIF-1 in normoxic oxidative tumor cells but not in Warburg-phenotype tumor cells which also expressed lower basal levels of HIF-1α. These data were confirmed using genotypically matched oxidative and mitochondria-depleted glycolytic tumor cells as well as several different wild-type human tumor cell lines of either metabolic phenotype. Lactate activates HIF-1 and triggers tumor angiogenesis and tumor growth in vivo, an activity that we found to be under the specific upstream control of the lactate transporter monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) expressed in tumor cells. Because MCT1 also gates lactate-fueled tumor cell respiration and mediates pro-angiogenic lactate signaling in endothelial cells, MCT1 inhibition is confirmed as an attractive anticancer strategy in which a single drug may target multiple tumor-promoting pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christophe J. De Saedeleer
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherches Expérimentales et Cliniques (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tamara Copetti
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherches Expérimentales et Cliniques (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paolo E. Porporato
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherches Expérimentales et Cliniques (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Julien Verrax
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherches Expérimentales et Cliniques (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherches Expérimentales et Cliniques (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institut de Recherches Expérimentales et Cliniques (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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9
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Sonveaux P, Copetti T, De Saedeleer CJ, Végran F, Verrax J, Kennedy KM, Moon EJ, Dhup S, Danhier P, Frérart F, Gallez B, Ribeiro A, Michiels C, Dewhirst MW, Feron O. Targeting the lactate transporter MCT1 in endothelial cells inhibits lactate-induced HIF-1 activation and tumor angiogenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33418. [PMID: 22428047 PMCID: PMC3302812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 367] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Switching to a glycolytic metabolism is a rapid adaptation of tumor cells to hypoxia. Although this metabolic conversion may primarily represent a rescue pathway to meet the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of proliferating tumor cells, it also creates a gradient of lactate that mirrors the gradient of oxygen in tumors. More than a metabolic waste, the lactate anion is known to participate to cancer aggressiveness, in part through activation of the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) pathway in tumor cells. Whether lactate may also directly favor HIF-1 activation in endothelial cells (ECs) thereby offering a new druggable option to block angiogenesis is however an unanswered question. In this study, we therefore focused on the role in ECs of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) that we previously identified to be the main facilitator of lactate uptake in cancer cells. We found that blockade of lactate influx into ECs led to inhibition of HIF-1-dependent angiogenesis. Our demonstration is based on the unprecedented characterization of lactate-induced HIF-1 activation in normoxic ECs and the consecutive increase in vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression. Furthermore, using a variety of functional assays including endothelial cell migration and tubulogenesis together with in vivo imaging of tumor angiogenesis through intravital microscopy and immunohistochemistry, we documented that MCT1 blockers could act as bona fide HIF-1 inhibitors leading to anti-angiogenic effects. Together with the previous demonstration of MCT1 being a key regulator of lactate exchange between tumor cells, the current study identifies MCT1 inhibition as a therapeutic modality combining antimetabolic and anti-angiogenic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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10
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Porporato PE, Dhup S, Dadhich RK, Copetti T, Sonveaux P. Anticancer targets in the glycolytic metabolism of tumors: a comprehensive review. Front Pharmacol 2011; 2:49. [PMID: 21904528 PMCID: PMC3161244 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2011.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CANCER IS A METABOLIC DISEASE AND THE SOLUTION OF TWO METABOLIC EQUATIONS: to produce energy with limited resources and to fulfill the biosynthetic needs of proliferating cells. Both equations are solved when glycolysis is uncoupled from oxidative phosphorylation in the tricarboxylic acid cycle, a process known as the glycolytic switch. This review addresses in a comprehensive manner the main molecular events accounting for high-rate glycolysis in cancer. It starts from modulation of the Pasteur Effect allowing short-term adaptation to hypoxia, highlights the key role exerted by the hypoxia-inducible transcription factor HIF-1 in long-term adaptation to hypoxia, and summarizes the current knowledge concerning the necessary involvement of aerobic glycolysis (the Warburg effect) in cancer cell proliferation. Based on the many observations positioning glycolysis as a central player in malignancy, the most advanced anticancer treatments targeting tumor glycolysis are briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo E Porporato
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research, University of Louvain Medical School Brussels, Belgium
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Abstract
We unveiled novel p65/RelA consensus sites in the promoter of the beclin 1 gene and demonstrate that p65/RelA positively modulates canonical autophagy in various human cell lines both under basal conditions and upon induction by ceramide. Interestingly, we find that T cell receptor-dependent activation of Jurkat cells triggers an increase in the binding of p65/RelA to the beclin 1 promoter accompanied by enhanced autophagy, suggesting that p65/RelA could regulate T-cell activation and homeostasis through autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Copetti
- LNCIB Laboratorio Nazionale Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie AREA Science Park, Trieste, Italy
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Demarchi F, Bertoli C, Copetti T, Tanida I, Brancolini C, Eskelinen EL, Schneider C. Calpain is required for macroautophagy in mammalian cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 175:595-605. [PMID: 17101693 PMCID: PMC2064596 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.200601024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitously expressed micro- and millicalpain, which both require the calpain small 1 (CAPNS1) regulatory subunit for function, play important roles in numerous biological and pathological phenomena. We have previously shown that the product of GAS2, a gene specifically induced at growth arrest, is an inhibitor of millicalpain and that its overexpression sensitizes cells to apoptosis in a p53-dependent manner (Benetti, R., G. Del Sal, M. Monte, G. Paroni, C. Brancolini, and C. Schneider. 2001. EMBO J. 20:2702–2714). More recently, we have shown that calpain is also involved in nuclear factor κB activation and its relative prosurvival function in response to ceramide, in which calpain deficiency strengthens the proapoptotic effect of ceramide (Demarchi, F., C. Bertoli, P.A. Greer, and C. Schneider. 2005. Cell Death Differ. 12:512–522). Here, we further explore the involvement of calpain in the apoptotic switch and find that in calpain-deficient cells, autophagy is impaired with a resulting dramatic increase in apoptotic cell death. Immunostaining of the endogenous autophagosome marker LC3 and electron microscopy experiments demonstrate that autophagy is impaired in CAPNS1-deficient cells. Accordingly, the enhancement of lysosomal activity and long-lived protein degradation, which normally occur upon starvation, is also reduced. In CAPNS1-depleted cells, ectopic LC3 accumulates in early endosome-like vesicles that may represent a salvage pathway for protein degradation when autophagy is defective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Demarchi
- Laboratorio Nazionale Consorzio Interuniversitario Biotecnologie, 34012 Trieste, Italy
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Benetti R, Copetti T, Dell'Orso S, Melloni E, Brancolini C, Monte M, Schneider C. The calpain system is involved in the constitutive regulation of beta-catenin signaling functions. J Biol Chem 2005; 280:22070-80. [PMID: 15817486 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m501810200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Beta-catenin is a multifunctional protein serving both as a structural element in cell adhesion and as a signaling component in the Wnt pathway, regulating embryogenesis and tumorigenesis. The signaling fraction of beta-catenin is tightly controlled by the adenomatous polyposis coli-axin-glycogen synthase kinase 3beta complex, which targets it for proteasomal degradation. It has been recently shown that Ca(2+) release from internal stores results in nuclear export and calpain-mediated degradation of beta-catenin in the cytoplasm. Here we have highlighted the critical relevance of constitutive calpain pathway in the control of beta-catenin levels and functions, showing that small interference RNA knock down of endogenous calpain per se (i.e. in the absence of external stimuli) induces an increase in the free transcriptional competent pool of endogenous beta-catenin. We further characterized the role of the known calpain inhibitors, Gas2 and Calpastatin, demonstrating that they can also control levels, function, and localization of beta-catenin through endogenous calpain regulation. Finally we present Gas2 dominant negative (Gas2DN) as a new tool for regulating calpain activity, providing evidence that it counteracts the described effects of both Gas2 and Calpastatin on beta-catenin and that it works via calpain independently of the classical glycogen synthase kinase 3beta and proteasome pathway. Moreover, we provide in vitro biochemical evidence showing that Gas2DN can increase the activity of calpain and that in vivo it can induce degradation of stabilized/mutated beta-catenin. In fact, in a context where the classical proteasome pathway is impaired, as in colon cancer cells, Gas2DN biological effects accounted for a significant reduction in proliferation and anchorage-independent growth of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Benetti
- Laboratorio Nazionale del Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie, Area Science Park, Padriciano 99, 34012 Trieste, Italy
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