1
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Al-Ahmed ZA, Hameed A, Alharbi A, Pashameah RA, Habeebullah TM, El-Metwaly NM. Novel azapropazone voltammetric sensors based on zinc oxide nanostructure. Journal of Taibah University for Science 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/16583655.2022.2163583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zehbah A. Al-Ahmed
- Depertment of Chemistry, College of Sciences and Art, Dhahran Aljounb, King Khalid University, Dhahran Aljounb, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Alharbi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami A. Pashameah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki M. Habeebullah
- Department of Environment and Health Research, The Custodian of Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M. El-Metwaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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2
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Alkhatib F, Ibarhiam SF, Alrefaei AF, Alrefaee SH, Pashameah R, Habeebullah TM, Al-Qahtani SD, El-Metwaly NM. Efficient Removal of Deltamethrin from Aqueous Solutions Using a Novel Lanthanum Metal-Organic Framework: Adsorption Models and Optimization via Box-Behnken Design. ACS Omega 2023; 8:32130-32145. [PMID: 37692223 PMCID: PMC10483662 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Eliminating pesticides is essential for lowering the dangers to our environment. To do this effectively, it is crucial to find adsorbents with remarkable adsorption capacities, easy retrieval, and separation. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been extensively recognized for their exceptional ability to absorb pollutants. Therefore, we used novel lanthanum metal-organic frameworks (La-MOFs) to eliminate deltamethrin (DEL) from aqueous solutions. We proved through experimentation that the La-MOF is an efficient adsorbent for DEL from water. A study of the material revealed that the adsorbent had a surface area of 952.96 m2 per gram and a pore volume of 1.038 cm3/g. These outcomes show how this substance can absorb particles. Utilizing kinetic models and conforming to the pseudo-second-order model, a thorough analysis of the efficiency of DEL adsorption onto La-MOF was conducted. To create a perfectly tailored approach, we utilized many parameters. The synthetic La-MOF adsorbent may undergo up to five steps of adsorption-desorption and has exceptional cyclability and reusability. To confirm purifying wastewater samples in the laboratory, the presentation of the established adsorbent was evaluated. For the management of industrial effluent and water filtration, the La-MOF adsorbent offered a simple and effective solution. Our investigation suggests that the method we describe for removing DEL from wastewater samples using the La-MOF adsorbent is unique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatmah Alkhatib
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saham F. Ibarhiam
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 47512, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed F. Alrefaei
- Department
of Biology/Genetic and Molecular Biology Central Laboratory (GMCL), Jamoum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 2203, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salhah H. Alrefaee
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah
University, Yanbu 30799, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rami Pashameah
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki M. Habeebullah
- Department
of Environment and Health Research, Custodian of Two Holy Mosques
Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm
Al Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salhah D. Al-Qahtani
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M. El-Metwaly
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura
University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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3
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Alkhamis K, Aljohani MM, Ibarhiam SF, Hameed YAS, Abumelha HM, Habeebullah TM, El-Metwaly NM. Application of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Efficient Removal of Doxorubicin Hydrochloride: Removal Process Optimization and Biological Activity. ACS Omega 2023; 8:30374-30388. [PMID: 37636940 PMCID: PMC10448695 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
This study looked at the doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) anticancer drug's adsorption characteristics on a silver-based metal-organic framework (Ag-MOF). X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used for the characterization of Ag-MOF. The pore volume and surface area of Ag-MOF were determined through Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) testing at 77 K to be 0.509 cm3/g and 676.059 m2/g, respectively. Adsorption at pH 6 was established to be the best for DOX compared to alkaline solution. Ag-MOF has a good capacity for eliminating DOX (1.85 mmol/g), according to adsorption experiments. From the adsorption results, we can find that Langmuir is the most fitted adsorption isotherm model and the pseudo-second order model best fitted the adsorption kinetics. The energy of activation for adsorption, which was determined to be 15.23 kJ/mol, also supported a chemisorption process. The mechanism of adsorption was evaluated, and details of all possible interactions between DOX and Ag-MOF were illustrated. On the other hand, while examining the impact of temperature, we identified the thermodynamic constraints as ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS° and confirmed that the reaction was an endothermic one and spontaneous. Even after numerous reuse cycles, the efficiency remained constant. The synthetic adsorbent was remarkably recyclable at a rate of more than 91.6%. By using the MTT assay, the cytotoxicity of the tested Ag-MOF and DOX@Ag-MOF against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) was evaluated in vitro. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of Ag-MOF and DOX@Ag-MOF was also tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kholood
M. Alkhamis
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 71474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshari M. Aljohani
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 71474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saham F. Ibarhiam
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 71474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasmeen A. S. Hameed
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Northern
Border University, Arar 73222, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana M. Abumelha
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki M. Habeebullah
- Department
of Environment and Health Research, The Custodian of Two Holy Mosques
Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm
Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M. El-Metwaly
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura
University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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4
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Al-Bonayan AM, Alamrani NA, Ibarhiam S, Alorabi AQ, Abumelha HM, Habeebullah TM, El-Metwaly NM. Chromoionophoric Probe-anchored Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres for Rapid and Reliable Naked-eye Detection of Ni(II) Ions in Petroleum Products and Removal from Electroplating Wastewater. J Mol Recognit 2023; 36:e3013. [PMID: 36999889 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.3013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the expansion of an optical, chemical sensor that can rapidly and reliably detect, quantify, and remove Ni(II) ions in oil products and electroplating wastewater sources. The sensor is based on mesoporous silica nanospheres (MSNs) that have an extraordinary surface area, uniform surface morphology, and capacious porosity, making them an excellent substrate for the anchoring of the chromoionophoic probe,3'-{(1E,1'E)-[(4-chloro-1,2 phenylene)bis (azaneylylidene)]-bis(methaneylylidene)}bis(2-hydroxybenzoic acid) (CPAMHP). The CPAMHP probe is highly selective and sensitive to Ni(II), enabling it to be used in naked-eye colorimetric recognition of Ni(II) ions. The MSNs provide several accessible exhibited sites for uniform anchoring of CPAMHP probe molecules, making it a viable chemical sensor even with the use of naked-eye sensing. The surface characters and structural analysis of the MSNs and CPAMHP sensor samples were examined using various techniques. The CPAMHP probe-anchored MSNs exhibit a clear and vivid color shift from pale yellow to green upon exposure to various concentrations of Ni(II) ions, with a reaction time down to approximately one minute. Furthermore, the MSNs can serve as a base to retrieve extremely trace amounts of Ni(II) ions, making the CPAMHP sensor a dual-functional device. The calculated limit of recognition for Ni(II) ions using the fabricated CPAMHP sensor samples is 0.318 ppb (5.43 x 10-9 M). The results suggest that the proposed sensor is a promising tool for the sensitive and reliable detection of Ni(II) ions in petroleum products and for removing Ni(II) ions in electroplating wastewater; the data indicate an excellent removal of Ni (II) up to 96.8%, highlighting the high accuracy and precision of our CPAMHP sensor. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameena M Al-Bonayan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser A Alamrani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tabuk, 71474, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saham Ibarhiam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tabuk, 71474, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Q Alorabi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Albaha University, P.O. Box 1988, Albaha, 65799, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hana M Abumelha
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki M Habeebullah
- Department of Environment and Health Research, Custodian of two holy mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M El-Metwaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Alkhamis K, Alessa H, Mogharbel AT, Almahri A, Qurban J, Habeebullah TM, El-Metwaly NM. Preparation of a Transparent Photoluminescent Self-Healable Smart Ink for a Dual-Mode Security Authentication. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c03110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kholood Alkhamis
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71474 Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Alessa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal T. Mogharbel
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71474 Saudi Arabia
| | - Albandary Almahri
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jihan Qurban
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki M. Habeebullah
- Department of Environment and Health Research, Custodian of the two holy mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M. El-Metwaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
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Azher OA, Hossan A, Pashameah RA, Alsoliemy A, Alharbi A, Habeebullah TM, El-Metwaly NM. Synthesis, anticancer evaluation, and molecular modeling study of new 2-(phenylamino)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine analogues. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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7
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Pashameah RA, AlshariefHatunH.Alsharief HH, Alaysuy O, Alfi, Abumelha HM, Habeebullah TM, El-Metwaly NM. Cotton fabrics treated with acylhydrazone-based polyviologen to create innovative multi-stimulus responsive textiles. ARAB J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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8
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Mogharbel AT, Pashameah RA, Alluhaybi AA, Almahri A, Abumelha HM, Habeebullah TM, El-Metwaly NM. Development of a “Turn-off” fluorescent sensor for acetone from rice straw-derived carbon dots immobilized onto textile cotton mask. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abumelha HM, Bayazeed A, Alaysuy O, Alsoliemy A, Alharbi A, Habeebullah TM, El-Metwaly NM. Synthesis, photophysical properties and DFT studies of 2-(3-cyano-4-((2-(4,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridin-3-yl)hydrazono)methyl)-5,5-dimethylfuran-2(5H)-ylidene)malononitrile dye. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2022.101502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Habeebullah TM, Munir S, Zeb J, Morsy EA. Modelling the Effect of COVID-19 Lockdown on Air Pollution in Makkah Saudi Arabia with a Supervised Machine Learning Approach. Toxics 2022; 10:toxics10050225. [PMID: 35622639 PMCID: PMC9144150 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10050225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the spread of COVID-19, lockdowns were implemented in almost every single country in the world including Saudi Arabia. In this paper, the effect of COVID-19 lockdown on O3, NO2, and PM10 in Makkah was analysed using air quality and meteorology data from five sites. Two approaches were employed: (a) comparing raw measured concentrations for the lockdown period in 2019 and 2020; and (b) comparing weather-corrected concentrations estimated by the machine learning approach with observed concentrations during the lockdown period. According to the first approach, the average levels of PM10 and NO2 decreased by 12% and 58.66%, respectively, whereas the levels of O3 increased by 68.67%. According to the second approach, O3 levels increased by 21.96%, while the levels of NO2 and PM10 decreased by 13.40% and 9.66%, respectively. The machine learning approach after removing the effect of changes in weather conditions demonstrated relatively less reductions in the levels of NO2 and PM10 and a smaller increase in the levels of O3. This showed the importance of adjusting air pollutant levels for meteorological conditions. O3 levels increased due to its inverse correlation with NO2, which decreased during the lockdown period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki M. Habeebullah
- Department of Environmental and Health Research, The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.H.); (J.Z.); (E.A.M.)
| | - Said Munir
- Institute for Transport Studies, Faculty of Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-7986001328
| | - Jahan Zeb
- Department of Environmental and Health Research, The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.H.); (J.Z.); (E.A.M.)
| | - Essam A. Morsy
- Department of Environmental and Health Research, The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia; (T.M.H.); (J.Z.); (E.A.M.)
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Alfi AA, Al-Qahtani SD, Alatawi NM, Attar RMS, Abu Al-Ola K, Habeebullah TM, El-Metwaly NM. Simple preparation of novel photochromic polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose security barcode incorporated with lanthanide-doped aluminate for anticounterfeiting applications. LUMINESCENCE 2022; 37:1152-1161. [PMID: 35484850 DOI: 10.1002/bio.4269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Forgery and low-quality products pose a danger to the society. Therefore, there are increasing demands for the production of easy to recognize and difficult to copy anti-counterfeiting materials. Products with smart photochromic and fluorescent properties can change color and emission spectra responding to a light source. In this context, we devised a straightforward preparation of luminescent polyvinyl alcohol/carboxymethyl cellulose (PVA/CMC) nanocomposite to function as a transparent labeling film. The lanthanide-doped aluminate (LdA) was prepared in the nanoparticle form to indicate diameters of 35-115 nm. Different ratios of the lanthanide-doped aluminate (LdA) were physically dispersed in the PVA/CMC nanocomposite label film to provide photochromic, ultraviolet protection, antimicrobial activity and hydrophobic properties. Fluorescence peaks were detected at 365 and 519 nm to indicate a color change to green. As a result of increasing the phosphor ratio, improved superhydrophobic activity was achieved as the contact angle increased from 126.1° to 146.0° without affecting the film original physical and mechanical properties. Both UV protection and antibacterial activity were also investigated. The films showed quick and reversible photochromic response without fatigue. The current strategy reported the development of photochromic smart label that is transparent, cost-effective and flexible. As a result, numerous anticounterfeiting products can benefit from the current label for a better market. LdA-loaded PVA/CMC films demonstrated antibacterial activity between poor, good, very good and outstanding as the percentage of LdA in the film matrix increased. The current film can be applied as a transparent photochromic security barcode for anticounterfeiting applications and smart packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Abdulaziz Alfi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salhah D Al-Qahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada M Alatawi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roba M S Attar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, University of Jeddah, P.O. Box 2360S, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khulood Abu Al-Ola
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taibah University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki M Habeebullah
- Department of Environment and Health Research, Custodian of two holy mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah
| | - Nashwa M El-Metwaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, El-Gomhoria Street, Egypt
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12
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Al‐Qahtani SD, Snari RM, Alkhamis K, Alhasani M, Ibarhiam SF, Habeebullah TM, El‐Metwaly NM. Authentication of documents using polypropylene immobilized with rare‐earth doped aluminate nanoparticles. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2607-2617. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salhah D. Al‐Qahtani
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan M. Snari
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science Umm‐Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Kholood Alkhamis
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alhasani
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science Umm‐Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Saham F. Ibarhiam
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science University of Tabuk Tabuk Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki M. Habeebullah
- Department of Environment and Health Research Custodian of Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm Al Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M. El‐Metwaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science Umm‐Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
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13
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Al-Qahtani S, Alshareef M, Aljohani M, Alhasani M, Felaly R, Habeebullah TM, El-Metwaly NM. Simple Preparation of Photoluminescent and Color-Tunable Polyester Resin Blended with Alkaline-Earth-Activated Aluminate Nanoparticles. ACS Omega 2022; 7:10599-10607. [PMID: 35382282 PMCID: PMC8973151 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A simple inorganic/organic nanocomposite was used to generate long-lasting phosphorescent pebbles for easy commercial manufacturing of smart products. An organic/inorganic nanocomposite was made from low-molecular-weight unsaturated polyester and rare-earth-activated strontium aluminum oxide nanoparticles doped with europium and dysprosium. The polyester resin was mixed with phosphorescent strontium aluminate oxide nanoparticles and methylethyl ketone peroxide as a cross-linking agent to create a viscous mixture that can be hardened in a few minutes at room temperature. Before adding the hardener catalyst, the phosphorescent strontium aluminate nanoparticles were dispersed throughout the polyester resin in a homogeneous manner to ensure that the pigment did not accumulate. Long-lasting, reversible luminescence was shown by the photoluminescent substrates. The emission was reported at 515 nm upon exciting the pebble at 365 nm. In normal visible light, both blank and luminescent pebbles had a translucent appearance. As a result of UV irradiation, the photoluminescent pebbles produced an intense green color. The three-dimensional CIE Lab (International Commission on Illumination) color coordinates and luminescence spectra were used to investigate the color changing characteristics. Photophysical characteristics, including excitation, emission, and lifetime, were also investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis were employed to report the surface morphologies and elemental content. Without impairing the pebbles' original physico-mechanical characteristics, the pebbles showed improved superhydrophobic activity. The current simple colorless long-lasting phosphorescent nanocomposite can be applied to a variety of surfaces, like ceramics, glassware, tiles, and metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salhah
D. Al-Qahtani
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess
Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mubark Alshareef
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshari Aljohani
- Department
of Chemistry, College of Science, University
of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Alhasani
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Felaly
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki M. Habeebullah
- Department
of Environment and Health Research, Custodian of Two Holy Mosques
Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm
Al Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa M. El-Metwaly
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Mansoura
University, El-Gomhoria
Street, Dakahlia 35516, Egypt
- ,
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14
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Al‐Qahtani SD, Shah R, Aljuhani E, Al‐Ahmed ZA, Habeebullah TM, Saad F, Shahat A, El‐Metwaly NM. Development of a Sensitive and Selective Optical Sensor for Measuring Ultra‐Trace Amounts of Fe(II) and Fe(III) Ions in Water. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202103402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Salhah D. Al‐Qahtani
- Department of Chemistry College of Science Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Shah
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Applied Science Umm Al Qura University Makkah Saudi-Arabia
| | - Enas Aljuhani
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Applied Science Umm Al Qura University Makkah Saudi-Arabia
| | - Zehbah A. Al‐Ahmed
- College of Art and Science Dhahran Aljounb King Khalid University Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki M. Habeebullah
- Department of Environment and Health Research Custodian of two holy mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research Umm-Al-Qura University Makkah
| | - Fawaz Saad
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Applied Science Umm Al Qura University Makkah Saudi-Arabia
| | - Ahmed Shahat
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Suez University Suez 43518 Egypt
| | - Nashwa M. El‐Metwaly
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Applied Science Umm Al Qura University Makkah Saudi-Arabia
- Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Mansoura University El-Gomhoria Street Egypt
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15
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Zeb J, Tahir H, Othman A, Habeebullah TM, Sayqal A, Assaggaf HM, Ahmed OB, Sultan M, Mohiuddin S, Masood SS, Mirza AZ, Hajira B. Geo-environmental approach to assess heavy metals around auto-body refinishing shops using bio-monitors. Heliyon 2022; 8:e08809. [PMID: 35111986 PMCID: PMC8790620 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e08809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The vehicular industry is looking for continuous challenges to develop the sustainability of its manufacturing, maintenance processes, and vehicle emissions due to marketability, environmental, economic, and policy concerns. The present study focuses on the impact of these processes on the environment. In Pakistan, most of the auto-body refinishing processes are carried out in an open atmosphere. The shades of Azadirachta indica (Neem Tree) are generally used for the outdoor practice of scrapping, grinding, and painting in auto-body refinishing shops of Pakistan. Azadirachta indica leaves were selected as bio-indicator. For the present work, 26 affected sites and 10 control sites were selected from Karachi city, which is the financial hub and biggest city of Pakistan. Concentrations of different metals (Fe, Co, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. A geographic information system (GIS) is used to present the variation in concentrations within Karachi city. The only positive correlation was observed in Pb and Mn (0.750). Principal component analysis (PCA) is applied to identify the anthropogenic effect between auto-body refinishing areas and control areas. Almost all analyzed metals show higher concentration at affected sites but Pb (87.14 mg/kg), Mn (46.47 mg/kg) and Fe (146.95 mg/kg) were leading the values, as compared to their concentration at control sites, Pb (48.83 mg/kg), Mn (15.23 mg/kg) and Fe (43.07 mg/kg). All analyzed metals are frequently present in different color pigments, whereas Pb, Mn, and Fe may also come from other sources, like the anti-knocking agent, vehicular exhaust, and scraping of car surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahan Zeb
- Department of Environmental and Health Research, The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm-Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hajira Tahir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Othman
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Umm-Al-Qura University, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki M Habeebullah
- Department of Environmental and Health Research, The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm-Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Sayqal
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm-Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamza M Assaggaf
- Department of Environmental and Health Research, The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm-Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia.,The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research at Al-Madinah Branch, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar B Ahmed
- Department of Environmental and Health Research, The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm-Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sultan
- Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Bibi Hajira
- Department of Physiology, University of Karachi, Pakistan
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16
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Bouazzaoui A, Abdellatif AAH, Al-Allaf FA, Bogari NM, Taher MM, Athar M, Schubert T, Habeebullah TM, Qari SH. Compound A Increases Cell Infiltration in Target Organs of Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease (aGVHD) in a Mouse Model. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144237. [PMID: 34299512 PMCID: PMC8303851 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic steroids are used to treat acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) caused by allogenic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT); however, their prolonged use results in complications. Hence, new agents for treating aGVHD are required. Recently, a new compound A (CpdA), with anti-inflammatory activity and reduced side effects compared to steroids, has been identified. Here, we aimed to determine whether CpdA can improve the outcome of aGVHD when administered after transplantation in a mouse model (C57BL/6 in B6D2F1). After conditioning with 9Gy total body irradiation, mice were infused with bone marrow (BM) cells and splenocytes from either syngeneic (B6D2F1) or allogeneic (C57BL/6) donors. The animals were subsequently treated (3 days/week) with 7.5 mg/kg CpdA from day +15 to day +28; the controls received 0.9% NaCl. Thereafter, the incidence and severity of aGVHD in aGVHD target organs were analyzed. Survival and clinical scores did not differ significantly; however, CpdA-treated animals showed high cell infiltration in the target organs. In bulk mixed lymphocyte reactions, CpdA treatment reduced the cell proliferation and expression of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines compared to controls, whereas levels of TNF, IL-23, chemokines, and chemokine receptors increased. CpdA significantly reduced proliferation in vitro but increased T cell infiltration in target organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdellatif Bouazzaoui
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-A.); (N.M.B.); (M.M.T.); (M.A.)
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Clinic 3–Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +966-571297636
| | - Ahmed A. H. Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Faisal A. Al-Allaf
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-A.); (N.M.B.); (M.M.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Neda M. Bogari
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-A.); (N.M.B.); (M.M.T.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohiuddin M. Taher
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-A.); (N.M.B.); (M.M.T.); (M.A.)
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.A.-A.); (N.M.B.); (M.M.T.); (M.A.)
- Science and Technology Unit, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Schubert
- Institut für Angewandte Pathologie Speyer, Alter Postweg 1, 67346 Speyer, Germany;
| | - Turki M. Habeebullah
- Environment and Health Research Department, The Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sameer H. Qari
- Biology Department, Aljumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
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Habeebullah TM, Abd El-Rahim IHA, Morsy EA. Impact of outdoor and indoor meteorological conditions on the COVID-19 transmission in the western region of Saudi Arabia. J Environ Manage 2021; 288:112392. [PMID: 33765578 PMCID: PMC7980220 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Meteorological conditions may influence the incidence of many infectious diseases. Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is a highly contagious, air-borne, emerging, viral disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). In 2020, the COVID-19 global pandemic affected more than 210 countries and territories worldwide including Saudi Arabia. There are contradictory research papers about the correlation between meteorological parameters and incidence of COVID-19 in some countries worldwide. The current study investigates the impact of outdoor and indoor meteorological conditions on the daily recorded COVID-19 cases in western region (Makkah and Madinah cities) of Saudi Arabia over a period of 8 months from March to October 2020. Reports of the daily confirmed COVID-19 cases from the webpage of Saudi Ministry of Health (MOH) were used. Considering, the incubation period of COVID-19 which ranged from 2 to 14 days, the relationships between daily COVID-19 cases and outdoor meteorological factors (temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed) using a lag time of 10 days are investigated. The results showed that the highest daily COVID-19 cases in Makkah and Madinah were reported during the hottest months of the year (April-July 2020) when outdoor temperature ranged from 26.51 to 40.71 °C in Makkah and of 23.89-41.20 °C in Madinah, respectively. Partial negative correlation was detected between outdoor relative humidity and daily recorded COVID-19 cases. No obvious correlation could be demonstrated between wind speed and daily COVID-19 cases. This indicated that most of SARS-CoV-2 infection occurred in the cool, air-conditioned, dry, and bad-ventilated indoor environment in the investigated cities. These results will help the epidemiologists to understand the correlation between both outdoor and indoor meteorological conditions and SARS-CoV-2 transmissibility. These findings would be also a useful supplement to assist the local healthcare policymakers to implement and apply a specific preventive measures and education programs for controlling of COVID-19 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turki M Habeebullah
- Department of Environmental and Health Research, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 6287, 21955, Makkah Al-Mukaramah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim H A Abd El-Rahim
- Department of Environmental and Health Research, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 6287, 21955, Makkah Al-Mukaramah, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Diseases, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, 71526, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Essam A Morsy
- Department of Environmental and Health Research, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 6287, 21955, Makkah Al-Mukaramah, Saudi Arabia; Geophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Egypt
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Abou-Melha KS, Al-Hazmi GA, Habeebullah TM, Althagafi I, Othman A, El-Metwaly NM, Shaaban F, Shahat A. Functionalized silica nanotubes with azo-chromophore for enhanced Pd2+ and Co2+ ions monitoring in E-wastes. J Mol Liq 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2021.115585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Mirza AZ, Shamshad H, Osra FA, Habeebullah TM, Morad M. An overview of viruses discovered over the last decades and drug development for the current pandemic. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 890:173746. [PMID: 33221318 PMCID: PMC8711773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Since the discovery of the yellow fever virus in 1901, thus far, two hundred nineteen viral species are recognized as human pathogens. Each year, the number of viruses causing infections in humans increases, triggering epidemics and pandemics, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic. Pointing to bats as the natural host, in 2019, a genome highly identical to a bat coronavirus (COVID-19) spread all over the world, and the World Health Organization (WHO) officially confirmed it as a pandemic. The virus mainly spreads through the respiratory tract, uses angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a receptor, and is characterized by symptoms of fever, cough, and fatigue. Antivirals and vaccines have provided improvements in some cases, but the discovery of a new and diverse variety of viruses with outbreaks has posed a challenge in timely treatments for medical scientists. Currently, few specific antiviral strategies are being used, and many of the effective antiviral drugs and reported active molecules are under vital exploration. In this review, with the details of viral diseases, we summarize the current attempts in drug development, epidemiology, and the latest treatments and scientific advancements to combat the COVID-19 epidemic. Moreover, we discuss ways to reduce epidemics and pandemics in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agha Zeeshan Mirza
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hina Shamshad
- Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | | | - Turki M Habeebullah
- Department of Environment and Health Research, Custodian of Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research, Umm-Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moataz Morad
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Morsy E, Habeebullah TM, Othman A. Assessing the air quality of megacities during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown: a case study from Makkah City, Saudi Arabia. Arab J Geosci 2021; 14:548. [PMCID: PMC7972013 DOI: 10.1007/s12517-021-06898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Many countries are concerned about how concentrations of outdoor air pollutants have decreased due to control measures aftermath of the COVID-19 outbreak. In Saudi Arabia, the measures started with suspending entry to Saudi Arabia on February 27, 2020, and ended with full prevention of Saudis for outdoor movement on April 2, 2020, until the back return to normal life by the start of September 2020. These measures are expected to impact air quality levels during this period by decreasing the concentrations of air pollutants. This paper investigates the major trends of ambient air pollution (SO2, NO2, CO, O3, and PM10), and maps the spatiotemporal variability of air pollutants in Makkah city, using a continuous air quality monitoring network (6 sites) during the pre-pandemic period. Findings indicate the presence of a significant decrease of concentration rates during the lockdown period, compared with the pre-pandemic period, by 26.34% for SO2, 28.99% for NO2, 26.24% for CO, 11.62% for O3, and 30.03% for PM10. Therefore, the vehicular traffic activities represent 25–30% of the total air pollution load in Makkah city. The COVID-19 lockdown conditions in Makkah provide a unique opportunity to evaluate the impact of the reduction of vehicular traffic activities on the air quality levels of Makkah city and similar mega-cities and introduce credible solutions to improve the conditions of the ambient environment and air quality in such settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam Morsy
- Natural Hazards Research Unit, Department of Environmental and Health Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Air Quality, Meteorology and Climate Research Unit, Department of Environmental and Health Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Geophysics, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Turki M. Habeebullah
- Air Quality, Meteorology and Climate Research Unit, Department of Environmental and Health Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Othman
- Natural Hazards Research Unit, Department of Environmental and Health Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 21955 Saudi Arabia
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Shah R, Habeebullah TM, Saad F, Althagafi I, Al‐dawood AY, Al‐Solimy AM, Al‐Ahmed ZA, Al‐Zahrani F, Farghaly TA, El‐Metwaly N. Characterization of new Co(II) complexes and photographic monitoring for their toxic impact on breast cancer cells according to simulation study. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Reem Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science Umm Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki M. Habeebullah
- Department of Environment and Health Research, Custodian of Two Holy Mosques Institute for Hajj and Umrah Research Umm Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Fawaz Saad
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science Umm Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Althagafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science Umm Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Aisha Y. Al‐dawood
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science Umm Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Amerah M. Al‐Solimy
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science Umm Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
| | - Zehba A. Al‐Ahmed
- College of Art and Science, Dhahran Aljounb King Khalid University Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Al‐Zahrani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science King Khalid University Saudi Arabia
| | - Thoraya A. Farghaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science Umm Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Cairo University Giza Egypt
| | - Nashwa El‐Metwaly
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science Umm Al‐Qura University Makkah Saudi Arabia
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Mansoura University Mansoura Egypt
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