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Siland JE, Geelhoed B, Roselli C, Wang B, Lin HJ, Weiss S, Trompet S, van den Berg ME, Soliman EZ, Chen LY, Ford I, Jukema JW, Macfarlane PW, Kornej J, Lin H, Lunetta KL, Kavousi M, Kors JA, Ikram MA, Guo X, Yao J, Dörr M, Felix SB, Völker U, Sotoodehnia N, Arking DE, Stricker BH, Heckbert SR, Lubitz SA, Benjamin EJ, Alonso A, Ellinor PT, van der Harst P, Rienstra M. Resting heart rate and incident atrial fibrillation: A stratified Mendelian randomization in the AFGen consortium. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268768. [PMID: 35594314 PMCID: PMC9122202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both elevated and low resting heart rates are associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), suggesting a U-shaped relationship. However, evidence for a U-shaped causal association between genetically-determined resting heart rate and incident AF is limited. We investigated potential directional changes of the causal association between genetically-determined resting heart rate and incident AF. Method and results Seven cohorts of the AFGen consortium contributed data to this meta-analysis. All participants were of European ancestry with known AF status, genotype information, and a heart rate measurement from a baseline electrocardiogram (ECG). Three strata of instrumental variable-free resting heart rate were used to assess possible non-linear associations between genetically-determined resting heart rate and the logarithm of the incident AF hazard rate: <65; 65–75; and >75 beats per minute (bpm). Mendelian randomization analyses using a weighted resting heart rate polygenic risk score were performed for each stratum. We studied 38,981 individuals (mean age 59±10 years, 54% women) with a mean resting heart rate of 67±11 bpm. During a mean follow-up of 13±5 years, 4,779 (12%) individuals developed AF. A U-shaped association between the resting heart rate and the incident AF-hazard ratio was observed. Genetically-determined resting heart rate was inversely associated with incident AF for instrumental variable-free resting heart rates below 65 bpm (hazard ratio for genetically-determined resting heart rate, 0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.94–0.99; p = 0.01). Genetically-determined resting heart rate was not associated with incident AF in the other two strata. Conclusions For resting heart rates below 65 bpm, our results support an inverse causal association between genetically-determined resting heart rate and incident AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. E. Siland
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - B. Geelhoed
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - C. Roselli
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
| | - B. Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - H. J. Lin
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - S. Weiss
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; Department of Functional Genomics; University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research); partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S. Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. E. van den Berg
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E. Z. Soliman
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Department of Medicine, Epidemiological Cardiology Research Center, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Section on Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, United States of America
| | - L. Y. Chen
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States of America
| | - I. Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J. W. Jukema
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research); partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - P. W. Macfarlane
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J. Kornej
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States of America
| | - H. Lin
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States of America
- Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, Unites States of America
| | - K. L. Lunetta
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute’s and Boston University’s Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, United States of America
| | - M. Kavousi
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. A. Kors
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M. A. Ikram
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - X. Guo
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - J. Yao
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, United States of America
| | - M. Dörr
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research); partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B-Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S. B. Felix
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research); partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine B-Cardiology, Pneumology, Infectious Diseases, Intensive Care Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - U. Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics; Department of Functional Genomics; University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research); partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - N. Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, Unites States of America
| | - D. E. Arking
- McKusick-Nathans Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University SOM, Baltimore, MD, Unites States of America
| | - B. H. Stricker
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. R. Heckbert
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit and the Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, Unites States of America
| | - S. A. Lubitz
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, Unites States of America
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, Unites States of America
| | - E. J. Benjamin
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, Unites States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, Unites States of America
| | - A. Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, Unites States of America
| | - P. T. Ellinor
- Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, Unites States of America
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, Unites States of America
| | - P. van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Genetics, Groningen, The Netherlands
- University Medical Center Utrecht, Department of Heart and Lungs, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M. Rienstra
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Normann N, Tietz G, Kühn A, Fuchs C, Balau V, Schulz K, Kolata J, Schuerholz T, Petersmann A, Stentzel S, Steil L, Kuhn SO, Meissner K, Völker U, Nauck M, Steinmetz I, Raafat D, Gründling M, Bröker BM. Pathogen-specific antibody profiles in patients with severe systemic infections. Eur Cell Mater 2020; 39:171-182. [PMID: 32301500 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v039a11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Infections are often caused by pathobionts, endogenous bacteria that belong to the microbiota. Trauma and surgical intervention can allow bacteria to overcome host defences, ultimately leading to sepsis if left untreated. One of the main defence strategies of the immune system is the production of highly specific antibodies. In the present proof-of-concept study, plasma antibodies against 9 major pathogens were measured in sepsis patients, as an example of severe systemic infections. The binding of plasma antibodies to bacterial extracellular proteins was quantified using a semi-automated immunoblot assay. Comparison of the pathogen-specific antibody levels before and after infection showed an increase in plasma IgG in 20 out of 37 tested patients. This host-directed approach extended the results of pathogen-oriented microbiological and PCR diagnostics: a specific antibody response to additional bacteria was frequently observed, indicating unrecognised poly-microbial invasion. This might explain some cases of failed, seemingly targeted antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - B M Bröker
- Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald,
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3
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Lang M, Leménager T, Streit F, Fauth-Bühler M, Frank J, Juraeva D, Witt S, Degenhardt F, Hofmann A, Heilmann-Heimbach S, Kiefer F, Brors B, Grabe HJ, John U, Bischof A, Bischof G, Völker U, Homuth G, Beutel M, Lind P, Medland S, Slutske W, Martin N, Völzke H, Nöthen M, Meyer C, Rumpf HJ, Wurst F, Rietschel M, Mann K. Genome-wide association study of pathological gambling. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 36:38-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundPathological gambling is a behavioural addiction with negative economic, social, and psychological consequences. Identification of contributing genes and pathways may improve understanding of aetiology and facilitate therapy and prevention. Here, we report the first genome-wide association study of pathological gambling. Our aims were to identify pathways involved in pathological gambling, and examine whether there is a genetic overlap between pathological gambling and alcohol dependence.MethodsFour hundred and forty-five individuals with a diagnosis of pathological gambling according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders were recruited in Germany, and 986 controls were drawn from a German general population sample. A genome-wide association study of pathological gambling comprising single marker, gene-based, and pathway analyses, was performed. Polygenic risk scores were generated using data from a German genome-wide association study of alcohol dependence.ResultsNo genome-wide significant association with pathological gambling was found for single markers or genes. Pathways for Huntington's disease (P-value = 6.63 × 10−3); 5′-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase signalling (P-value = 9.57 × 10−3); and apoptosis (P-value = 1.75 × 10−2) were significant. Polygenic risk score analysis of the alcohol dependence dataset yielded a one-sided nominal significant P-value in subjects with pathological gambling, irrespective of comorbid alcohol dependence status.ConclusionsThe present results accord with previous quantitative formal genetic studies which showed genetic overlap between non-substance- and substance-related addictions. Furthermore, pathway analysis suggests shared pathology between Huntington's disease and pathological gambling. This finding is consistent with previous imaging studies.
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Mugahid DA, Sengul TG, You X, Wang Y, Steil L, Bergmann N, Radke MH, Ofenbauer A, Gesell-Salazar M, Balogh A, Kempa S, Tursun B, Robbins CT, Völker U, Chen W, Nelson L, Gotthardt M. Author Correction: Proteomic and Transcriptomic Changes in Hibernating Grizzly Bears Reveal Metabolic and Signaling Pathways that Protect against Muscle Atrophy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4381. [PMID: 32127597 PMCID: PMC7054357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61340-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D A Mugahid
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - T G Sengul
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - X You
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Y Wang
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Steil
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - N Bergmann
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - M H Radke
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Ofenbauer
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Gesell-Salazar
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Balogh
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité & Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Kempa
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Tursun
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - C T Robbins
- School of the Environment and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - U Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - W Chen
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Nelson
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - M Gotthardt
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. .,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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5
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Mugahid DA, Sengul TG, You X, Wang Y, Steil L, Bergmann N, Radke MH, Ofenbauer A, Gesell-Salazar M, Balogh A, Kempa S, Tursun B, Robbins CT, Völker U, Chen W, Nelson L, Gotthardt M. Proteomic and Transcriptomic Changes in Hibernating Grizzly Bears Reveal Metabolic and Signaling Pathways that Protect against Muscle Atrophy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19976. [PMID: 31882638 PMCID: PMC6934745 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy is a physiological response to disuse and malnutrition, but hibernating bears are largely resistant to this phenomenon. Unlike other mammals, they efficiently reabsorb amino acids from urine, periodically activate muscle contraction, and their adipocytes differentially responds to insulin. The contribution of myocytes to the reduced atrophy remains largely unknown. Here we show how metabolism and atrophy signaling are regulated in skeletal muscle of hibernating grizzly bear. Metabolic modeling of proteomic changes suggests an autonomous increase of non-essential amino acids (NEAA) in muscle and treatment of differentiated myoblasts with NEAA is sufficient to induce hypertrophy. Our comparison of gene expression in hibernation versus muscle atrophy identified several genes differentially regulated during hibernation, including Pdk4 and Serpinf1. Their trophic effects extend to myoblasts from non-hibernating species (including C. elegans), as documented by a knockdown approach. Together, these changes reflect evolutionary favored adaptations that, once translated to the clinics, could help improve atrophy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Mugahid
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - T G Sengul
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - X You
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Y Wang
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Steil
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - N Bergmann
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - M H Radke
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Ofenbauer
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - M Gesell-Salazar
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Balogh
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité & Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Kempa
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Tursun
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - C T Robbins
- School of the Environment and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - U Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - W Chen
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Nelson
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - M Gotthardt
- Neuromuscular and Cardiovascular Cell Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany. .,Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany. .,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
ZusammenfassungEnantiomere sind Moleküle, die sich wie Bild zu Spiegelbild verhalten; sie weisen fast identische chemische oder physikalische Eigenschaften auf, unterscheiden sich aber in ihren physiologischen Wirkungen. Es wird über das unterschiedliche pharmakokinetische Verhalten und die differierenden pharmakodynamischen Eigenschaften der Enantiomeren der oralen Antikoagulanzien Phenoprocoumon (PH), Warfarin (WA) und Acenocoumarol (AC) beim Menschen und über die daraus resultierenden therapeutischen Konsequenzen berichtet.Für eigene Untersuchungen zur enantioselektiven Elimination von PH bei einer großen Zahl von Patienten unter Langzeit-Antikoagulation wurden die Enantiomere aus Plasmaund Urinproben mit HPLC an chiralen Säulen getrennt und quantifiziert. Die Ergebnisse zeigten folgendes: 1. Bei 50% der Patienten wird das S-Enantiomer langsamer aus dem Plasma eliminiert als das R-Enantiomer, bei 25% mit gleicher Geschwindigkeit und bei weiteren 25% schneller. Dies weist auf eine große interindividuelle Variabilität hin. 2. Das S/R-Verhältnis im Plasma war über die Zeit konstant (intraindividuell konstantes S/R-Verhältnis). 3. Im Durchschnitt wird das S-Enantiomer jedoch nach Abbruch der PHTherapie schneller eliminiert als das R-Enantiomer. Die Eliminationshalbwertszeiten aus dem Plasma betragen 123,7 ± 43,6 h für das Sund 156,5 ± 72,4 h für das R-Enantiomer. 4. Die Plasmaproteinbindung für das Sund R-Enantiomer ist unterschiedlich (fu%: 0,198 für S; 0,322 für R). 5. Der enantioselektive Effekt der Elimination ist bei PH nicht so ausgeprägt wie bei WA und könnte das beobachtete unterschiedliche Spektrum an Interaktionen mit anderen Arzneimitteln erklären.
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7
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Bachert C, Holtappels G, Merabishvili M, Meyer T, Murr A, Zhang N, Van Crombruggen K, Gevaert E, Völker U, Bröker B, Vaneechoutte M, Schmidt F. Staphylococcus aureus controls interleukin-5 release in upper airway inflammation. J Proteomics 2018; 180:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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8
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Ahnert P, Creutz P, Schwarzenberger F, Kiehntopf M, Bauer M, Völker U, Chakraborty T, Löffler M, Suttorp N, Scholz M. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) Score as Operationalization of Disease Severity of hospitalized Community acquired Pneumonia (CAP). Pneumologie 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1619377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Ahnert
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Statistik und Epidemiologie, Mediziniche Fakultät, Universität Leipzig
| | - P Creutz
- Department of Infectious Disease and Respiratory Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - F Schwarzenberger
- Faculty of Informatics/Mathematics, Dresden University of Applied Sciences
| | - M Kiehntopf
- Integrated Biobank Jena and Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, Jena University Hospital
| | - M Bauer
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Jena University Hospital
| | - U Völker
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald
| | - T Chakraborty
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Gießen
| | - M Löffler
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Statistik und Epidemiologie, Mediziniche Fakultät, Universität Leipzig
| | - N Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Disease and Respiratory Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin
| | - M Scholz
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Statistik und Epidemiologie, Mediziniche Fakultät, Universität Leipzig
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9
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Creutz P, Ahnert P, Kirsten H, Kiehntopf M, Bauer M, Völker U, Chakraborty T, Scholz M, Löffler M, Suttorp N. Prediction of 28 day mortality and need for ICU treatment in the PROGRESS Study by CAP severity scores. Pneumologie 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1619137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Creutz
- Med. Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Infektiologie und Pneumologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Campus Benjamin Franklin
| | - P Ahnert
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Statistik und Epidemiologie, Mediziniche Fakultät, Universität Leipzig
| | - H Kirsten
- Institut für Medizinische Informatik, Statistik und Epidemiologie, Mediziniche Fakultät, Universität Leipzig
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10
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Skaaby T, Taylor AE, Thuesen BH, Jacobsen RK, Friedrich N, Møllehave LT, Hansen S, Larsen SC, Völker U, Nauck M, Völzke H, Hansen T, Pedersen O, Jørgensen T, Paternoster L, Munafò M, Grarup N, Linneberg A. Estimating the causal effect of body mass index on hay fever, asthma and lung function using Mendelian randomization. Allergy 2018; 73:153-164. [PMID: 28675761 DOI: 10.1111/all.13242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies have shown that body mass index (BMI) is positively associated with asthma. However, observational data are prone to confounding and reverse causation. In Mendelian randomization, genetic variants are used as unconfounded markers of exposures to examine causal effects. We examined the causal effect of BMI on asthma, hay fever, allergic sensitization, serum total immunoglobulin E (IgE), forced expiratory volume in one-second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC). METHODS We included 490 497 participants in the observational and 162 124 participants in the genetic analyses. A genetic risk score (GRS) was created using 26 BMI-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Results were pooled in meta-analyses and expressed as odds ratios (ORs) or β-estimates with 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS The GRS was significantly associated with asthma (OR=1.009; 95% CI: 1.004, 1.013), but not with hay fever (OR= 0.998; 95% CI: 0.994, 1.002) or allergic sensitization (OR=0.999; 95% CI: 0.986, 1.012) per BMI-increasing allele. The GRS was significantly associated with decrease in FEV1: β=-0.0012 (95% CI: -0.0019, -0.0006) and FVC: β=-0.0022 (95% CI: -0.0031, -0.0014) per BMI-increasing allele. Effect sizes estimated by instrumental variable analyses were OR=1.07 (95% CI: 1.03, 1.10) for asthma, a 9 ml decrease in FEV1 (95% CI: 2.0-15 mL decrease) and a 16 ml decrease in FVC (95% CI: 7.0-24 mL decrease) per 1 kg/m2 higher BMI. CONCLUSIONS The results support the conclusion that increasing BMI is causally related to higher prevalence of asthma and decreased lung function, but not with hay fever or biomarkers of allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Skaaby
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health Centre for Health Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A. E. Taylor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) The University of Bristol Bristol UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies School of Experimental Psychology University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - B. H. Thuesen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health Centre for Health Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
| | - R. K. Jacobsen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health Centre for Health Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
| | - N. Friedrich
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health Centre for Health Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine University Medicine Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - L. T. Møllehave
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health Centre for Health Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. Hansen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health Centre for Health Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
| | - S. C. Larsen
- Research unit for Dietary Studies The Parker Institute Frederiksberg and Bispebjerg Hospitals The Capital Region Frederiksberg Denmark
| | - U. Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics University Medicine and Ernst‐Moritz‐Arndt University Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - M. Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine University Medicine Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - H. Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine University Medicine Greifswald Greifswald Germany
| | - T. Hansen
- Section on Metabolic Genetics Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - O. Pedersen
- Section on Metabolic Genetics Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - T. Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health Centre for Health Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Public Health Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Faculty of Medicine Aalborg University Aalborg Denmark
| | - L. Paternoster
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) The University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - M. Munafò
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU) The University of Bristol Bristol UK
- UK Centre for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies School of Experimental Psychology University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - N. Grarup
- Section on Metabolic Genetics Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - A. Linneberg
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health Centre for Health Capital Region of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
- Department of Clinical Experimental Research Rigshospitalet Glostrup Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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Kasbohm E, Holtfreter B, Völker U, Petersmann A, Samietz S, Biffar R, Völzke H, Meisel P, Kacprowski T, Homuth G, Kocher T, Teumer A. Exome Variant Analysis of Chronic Periodontitis in 2 Large Cohort Studies. J Dent Res 2016; 96:73-80. [PMID: 27655622 DOI: 10.1177/0022034516665076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is characterized by inflammation of the gingival tissue. The main risk factors are socioeconomic factors, sex, age, smoking, and diabetes, but periodontal disease has also a genetic background. Previous genome-wide association studies failed to reveal genome-wide significant associations of single common single-nucleotide polymorphisms with chronic periodontitis. Using the Illumina ExomeChip data of 6,576 participants of the German population-based cohort studies Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP) and SHIP-Trend, the authors performed single variant and also gene-based association studies of rare and common exonic variations on different periodontal case definitions. Although our study comprised the largest sample size to date to assess genetic predisposition for chronic periodontitis, the authors found no significant association. This study emphasizes that for chronic periodontitis, large sample sizes will be necessary to find genetic associations, even when examining rare genetic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kasbohm
- 1 Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - B Holtfreter
- 1 Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - U Völker
- 2 Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Petersmann
- 3 Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Samietz
- 4 Department of Prosthodontics, Gerostomatology and Biomaterials, Center for Oral Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - R Biffar
- 4 Department of Prosthodontics, Gerostomatology and Biomaterials, Center for Oral Health, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - H Völzke
- 5 Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - P Meisel
- 1 Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Kacprowski
- 2 Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - G Homuth
- 2 Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - T Kocher
- 1 Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - A Teumer
- 5 Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Strobel M, Pförtner H, Tuchscherr L, Völker U, Schmidt F, Kramko N, Schnittler HJ, Fraunholz MJ, Löffler B, Peters G, Niemann S. Post-invasion events after infection with Staphylococcus aureus are strongly dependent on both the host cell type and the infecting S. aureus strain. Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22:799-809. [PMID: 27393124 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Host cell invasion is a major feature of Staphylococcus aureus and contributes to infection development. The intracellular metabolically active bacteria can induce host cell activation and death but they can also persist for long time periods. In this study a comparative analysis was performed of different well-characterized S. aureus strains in their interaction with a variety of host cell types. Staphylococcus aureus (strains 6850, USA300, LS1, SH1000, Cowan1) invasion was compared in different human cell types (epithelial and endothelial cells, keratinocytes, fibroblasts, osteoblasts). The number of intracellular bacteria was determined, cell inflammation was investigated, as well as cell death and phagosomal escape of bacteria. To explain strain-dependent differences in the secretome, a proteomic approach was used. Barrier cells took up high amounts of bacteria and were killed by aggressive strains. These strains expressed high levels of toxins, and possessed the ability to escape from phagolysosomes. Osteoblasts and keratinocytes ingested less bacteria, and were not killed, even though the primary osteoblasts were strongly activated by S. aureus. In all cell types S. aureus was able to persist. Strong differences in uptake, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory response were observed between primary cells and their corresponding cell lines, demonstrating that cell lines reflect only partially the functions and physiology of primary cells. This study provides a contribution for a better understanding of the pathomechanisms of S. aureus infections. The proteomic data provide important basic knowledge on strains commonly used in the analysis of S. aureus-host cell interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Strobel
- University Hospital of Muenster, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Muenster, Germany
| | - H Pförtner
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - L Tuchscherr
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - U Völker
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - F Schmidt
- Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - N Kramko
- Westfaelische-Wilhelms University, Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Muenster, Germany
| | - H-J Schnittler
- Westfaelische-Wilhelms University, Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, Muenster, Germany
| | - M J Fraunholz
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - B Löffler
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jena University Hospital, Germany
| | - G Peters
- University Hospital of Muenster, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Muenster, Germany; Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, Muenster, Germany
| | - S Niemann
- University Hospital of Muenster, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Muenster, Germany.
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Tsourdi E, Wallaschofski H, Rauner M, Nauck M, Pietzner M, Rettig R, Ittermann T, Völzke H, Völker U, Hofbauer LC, Hannemann A. Thyrotropin serum levels are differentially associated with biochemical markers of bone turnover and stiffness in women and men: results from the SHIP cohorts. Osteoporos Int 2016; 27:719-27. [PMID: 26264603 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In two large German population-based cohorts, we showed positive associations between serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations and the Fracture Risk Assessment score (FRAX) in men and positive associations between TSH concentrations and bone turnover markers in women. INTRODUCTION The role of thyroid hormones on bone stiffness and turnover is poorly defined. Existing studies are confounded by differences in design and small sample size. We assessed the association between TSH serum concentrations and bone stiffness and turnover in the SHIP cohorts, which are two population-based cohorts from a region in Northern Germany comprising 2654 men and women and 3261 men and women, respectively. METHODS We calculated the bone stiffness index using quantitative ultrasound (QUS) at the calcaneus, employed FRAX score for assessment of major osteoporotic fractures, and measured bone turnover markers, N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (P1NP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP), osteocalcin, and type I collagen cross-linked C-telopeptide (CTX) in all subjects and sclerostin in a representative subgroup. RESULTS There was no association between TSH concentrations and the stiffness index in both genders. In men, TSH correlated positively with the FRAX score both over the whole TSH range (p < 0.01) and within the reference TSH range (p < 0.01). There were positive associations between TSH concentrations and P1NP, BAP, osteocalcin, and CTX (p < 0.01) in women but not in men. There was no significant association between TSH and sclerostin levels. CONCLUSIONS TSH serum concentrations are associated with gender-specific changes in bone turnover and stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Tsourdi
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - H Wallaschofski
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Schwerpunktpraxis für Diabetes und Hormonerkrankungen, Erfurt, Germany
| | - M Rauner
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Nauck
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M Pietzner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - R Rettig
- Institute of Physiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Karlsburg, Germany
| | - T Ittermann
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - H Völzke
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - U Völker
- Functional Genomics Laboratory, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - L C Hofbauer
- Department of Medicine III, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - A Hannemann
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Pilling LC, Joehanes R, Kacprowski T, Peters M, Jansen R, Karasik D, Kiel DP, Harries LW, Teumer A, Powell J, Levy D, Lin H, Lunetta K, Munson P, Bandinelli S, Henley W, Hernandez D, Singleton A, Tanaka T, van Grootheest G, Hofman A, Uitterlinden AG, Biffar R, Gläser S, Homuth G, Malsch C, Völker U, Penninx B, van Meurs JBJ, Ferrucci L, Kocher T, Murabito J, Melzer D. Gene transcripts associated with muscle strength: a CHARGE meta-analysis of 7,781 persons. Physiol Genomics 2016; 48:1-11. [PMID: 26487704 PMCID: PMC4757025 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00054.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower muscle strength in midlife predicts disability and mortality in later life. Blood-borne factors, including growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11), have been linked to muscle regeneration in animal models. We aimed to identify gene transcripts associated with muscle strength in adults. Meta-analysis of whole blood gene expression (overall 17,534 unique genes measured by microarray) and hand-grip strength in four independent cohorts (n = 7,781, ages: 20-104 yr, weighted mean = 56), adjusted for age, sex, height, weight, and leukocyte subtypes. Separate analyses were performed in subsets (older/younger than 60, men/women). Expression levels of 221 genes were associated with strength after adjustment for cofactors and for multiple statistical testing, including ALAS2 (rate-limiting enzyme in heme synthesis), PRF1 (perforin, a cytotoxic protein associated with inflammation), IGF1R, and IGF2BP2 (both insulin like growth factor related). We identified statistical enrichment for hemoglobin biosynthesis, innate immune activation, and the stress response. Ten genes were associated only in younger individuals, four in men only and one in women only. For example, PIK3R2 (a negative regulator of PI3K/AKT growth pathway) was negatively associated with muscle strength in younger (<60 yr) individuals but not older (≥ 60 yr). We also show that 115 genes (52%) have not previously been linked to muscle in NCBI PubMed abstracts. This first large-scale transcriptome study of muscle strength in human adults confirmed associations with known pathways and provides new evidence for over half of the genes identified. There may be age- and sex-specific gene expression signatures in blood for muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Pilling
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - R Joehanes
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts; Population Studies Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - T Kacprowski
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M Peters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Leiden/Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Jansen
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - D Karasik
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - D P Kiel
- Hebrew SeniorLife Institute for Aging Research, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - L W Harries
- RNA mechanisms of complex diseases group, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - A Teumer
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - J Powell
- Centre for Neurogenetics and Statistical Genomics, Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D Levy
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts; Population Studies Branch, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - H Lin
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts; Section of Computational Biomedicine, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - K Lunetta
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts; Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - P Munson
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts; The Mathematical and Statistical Computing Laboratory, Center for Information Technology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - S Bandinelli
- Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - W Henley
- Institute for Health Services Research, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - D Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - A Singleton
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - T Tanaka
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - G van Grootheest
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A Hofman
- The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Leiden/Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - A G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Leiden/Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R Biffar
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Gerostomatology and Dental Materials, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - S Gläser
- Department of Internal Medicine B - Cardiology, Intensive Care, Pulmonary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - G Homuth
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - C Malsch
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - U Völker
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine and Ernst Moritz Arndt University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - B Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J B J van Meurs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; The Netherlands Genomics Initiative-sponsored Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Aging (NGI-NCHA), Leiden/Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L Ferrucci
- Clinical Research Branch, National Institute on Aging, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - T Kocher
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Endodontology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany; and
| | - J Murabito
- The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, Massachusetts; General Internal Medicine Section, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - D Melzer
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, United Kingdom;
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Engelmann B, Bischof J, Dirk AL, Friedrich N, Hammer E, Thiele T, Iwen A, Führer D, Homuth G, Völker U, Brabant EG. Effect of experimental thyrotoxicosis onto blood coagulation – A proteomics study. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1547738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Szumska J, Qatato M, Venugopalan V, Rehders M, Völker U, Homuth G, Biebermann H, Brix K. Expression and localization of trace amine-associated receptors in thyroid epithelial cells treated with cathepsin B and K inhibitors. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1372164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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17
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Jehmlich N, Dinh KHD, Gesell-Salazar M, Hammer E, Steil L, Dhople VM, Schurmann C, Holtfreter B, Kocher T, Völker U. Quantitative analysis of the intra- and inter-subject variability of the whole salivary proteome. J Periodontal Res 2012; 48:392-403. [PMID: 23164135 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Interest in human saliva is increasing for disease-specific biomarker discovery studies. However, protein composition of whole saliva can grossly vary with physiological and environmental factors over time and it comprises human as well as bacterial proteins. MATERIAL AND METHODS We compared intra- and inter-subject variabilities using complementary gel-based (two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis, 2-D DIGE) and gel-free (liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS) proteomics profiling of saliva. Unstimulated whole saliva of four subjects was examined at three different time-points (08.00 h, 12.00 h and 17.00 h) and variability of the saliva proteome was analyzed on two successive days by LC-MS/MS. RESULTS In the 2-D DIGE experiment, the median coefficient of variation (CV) for intra-subject variability was significantly lower (CV of 0.39) than that for inter-subject variability (CV of 0.57; CV of technical replicates 0.17). LC-MS/MS data confirmed the significantly lower variation within subjects over time (CV of 0.37) than the inter-subject variability (CV of 0.53; CV of technical replicates 0.11), and that the inter-subject variability was not time-dependent. CONCLUSION Both techniques revealed similar trends of variations on technical, intra- and inter-subject level but provided peptide and protein focused information and should thus be used as complementary approaches. The data presented indicate that 2-D DIGE as well as LC-MS/MS approaches are suitable for biomarker screening in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jehmlich
- Department of Functional Genomics, Interfaculty Institute of Genetics and Functional Genomics, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Haring R, Teumer A, Völker U, Dörr M, Nauck M, Biffar R, Völzke H, Baumeister SE, Wallaschofski H. Mendelian randomization suggests non-causal associations of testosterone with cardiometabolic risk factors and mortality. Andrology 2012; 1:17-23. [PMID: 23258625 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2012.00002.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prospective studies showed that low serum testosterone concentrations are associated with various cardiometabolic risk factors and mortality. However, the causal nature of these associations is controversial. We studied 1 882 men aged 20-79 years with serum testosterone concentrations and genotyping data from the longitudinal population-based Study of Health in Pomerania. Testosterone concentrations were cross-sectionally associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, including anthropometric, lipid, blood pressure and glycaemic parameters; and prospectively with all-cause mortality (277 deaths, 14.7%) during the 10-year follow-up. To overcome problems of residual confounding, reverse causation, or regression dilution bias in the investigated testosterone-outcome associations, we used two-stage least square regression models with previously identified polymorphisms at the SHBG gene (rs12150660) and X chromosome (rs5934505) as multiple genetic instruments in an instrumental variable (IV) approach, also known as Mendelian randomization. In standard regression analyses, testosterone was robustly associated with a wide range of cardiometabolic risk factors. In subsequent IV analyses, no such significant associations were observed. Similarly, prospective analyses showed a consistent association of low testosterone concentrations with increased all-cause mortality risk, which was not apparent in subsequent IV analyses. The present Mendelian randomization analyses did not detect any evidence for causal associations of testosterone concentrations with cardiometabolic risk factors and mortality, suggesting that previously reported associations might largely result from residual confounding or reverse causation. Although testosterone assessment might improve risk prediction, implementation of testosterone replacement therapy requires further evidence of a direct effect on cardiometabolic outcomes from double-blinded randomized controlled trials and large-scale Mendelian randomization meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Haring
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Strasse, Greifswald, Germany.
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Hussner J, Ameling S, Hammer E, Herzog S, Steil L, Schwebe M, Niessen J, Schroeder HWS, Kroemer HK, Ritter CA, Völker U, Bien S. Regulation of interferon-inducible proteins by doxorubicin via interferon γ-Janus tyrosine kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling in tumor cells. Mol Pharmacol 2012; 81:679-88. [PMID: 22323498 DOI: 10.1124/mol.111.075994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the immune system is a way for host tissue to defend itself against tumor growth. Hence, treatment strategies that are based on immunomodulation are on the rise. Conventional cytostatic drugs such as the anthracycline doxorubicin can also activate immune cell functions of macrophages and natural killer cells. In addition, cytotoxicity of doxorubicin can be enhanced by combining this drug with the cytokine interferon-γ (IFNγ). Although doxorubicin is one of the most applied cytostatics, the molecular mechanisms of its immunomodulation ability have not been investigated thoroughly. In microarray analyses of HeLa cells, a set of 19 genes related to interferon signaling was significantly over-represented among genes regulated by doxorubicin exposure, including signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 1 and 2, interferon regulatory factor 9, N-myc and STAT interactor, and caspase 1. Regulation of these genes by doxorubicin was verified with real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. An enhanced secretion of IFNγ was observed when HeLa cells were exposed to doxorubicin compared with untreated cells. IFNγ-neutralizing antibodies and inhibition of Janus tyrosine kinase (JAK)-STAT signaling [aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA), (E)-2-cyano-3-(3,4-dihydrophenyl)-N-(phenylmethyl)-2-propenamide (AG490), STAT1 small interfering RNA] significantly abolished doxorubicin-stimulated expression of interferon signaling-related genes. Furthermore, inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling significantly reduced doxorubicin-induced caspase 3 activation and desensitized HeLa cells to doxorubicin cytotoxicity. In conclusion, we demonstrate that doxorubicin induces interferon-responsive genes via IFNγ-JAK-STAT1 signaling and that this pathway is relevant for doxorubicin's cytotoxicity in HeLa cells. Immunomodulation is a promising strategy in anticancer treatment, so this novel mode of action of doxorubicin may help to further improve the use of this drug among different types of anticancer treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hussner
- Department of Pharmacology, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University, Greifswald, Germany
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Haring R, Ernst F, Schurmann C, Homuth G, Völker U, Völzke H, Nauck M, Wallaschofski H. The androgen receptor CAG repeat polymorphism as a risk factor of low serum testosterone and its cardiometabolic effects in men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 35:511-20. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2605.2011.01220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Gjuric M, Völker U, Katalinic A, Wolf SR. Prognostic Factors Including Proliferation Markers Ki-67, bax, and bcl-2 in Temporal Bone Paraganglioma. Skull Base Surg 2011; 7:175-81. [PMID: 17171028 PMCID: PMC1656651 DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1058593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Valuable criteria with which to predict the clinical behavior of the temporal bone paraganglioma or the response to treatment are lacking. The analysis of markers of cell proliferation is a possibility to estimate the prognosis. Extensive patient data on 40 temporal bone paragangliomas were gathered over the years and correlated with the data obtained by staining histologic sections with bcl-2, bax, and MIB I markers of cellular proliferation. The immunohistochemistry was in all cases negative for bcl-2, positive for bax, and for Ki-67 positive in 20% of tumors. The scores for Ki-67 did not correlate with the majority of clinical parameters, except for treatment modality, preoperative hearing loss, and cranial nerve involvement. The tendency toward poorer hearing and a higher incidence of preoperative lower cranial nerve palsies was demonstrated in patients with higher Ki-67 scores. Furthermore, the higher rate of subtotal tumor removals in these patients reveals technical difficulties in accomplishing a radical removal, although the incidence of residual tumors was thus not affected. In view of the present information obtained with proliferation markers, the site of tumor origin still remains the most predictive variable for the course of the disease.
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Beridze T, Tsintsadze M, Völker U, Klöppel G, Heiler K, Schauer RJ. [A rare tumor-like lesion of the pancreatic head with bile duct obstruction]. Chirurg 2011; 82:727-30. [PMID: 21253677 DOI: 10.1007/s00104-010-2018-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tumors of the pancreatic head commonly consist of carcinomas whereas other entities are rare exceptions. Extrapulmonary sarcoidosis is well-known but is extremely rare when detected as a mass in the pancreatic head. In general the diagnosis of sarcoidosis requires histologic examination with verification of non-caseous, epithelioid cell-like granulomas. Systemic therapy consists of steroids when the patient exhibits symptoms or in the case of progression of the disease. However, in some cases extended abdominal resections are also required to confirm the diagnosis and/or to treat symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Beridze
- Allgemein-, Viszeral- und Minimalinvasive Chirurgie, Klinikum Traunstein, Cuno-Niggl-Straße 3, Traunstein, Germany
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Völzke H, Lorbeer R, Dörr M, Kock H, Assel H, Ott K, Völker U, Hecker M, Hoffmann W, Nauck M, Zygmunt M, Felix S, Kroemer H. Greifswald Approach to Individualized Medicine (GANI_MED) – Rationale and Design. Gesundheitswesen 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1266381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pfeiffer W, Mostertz J, Herr F, Homuth G, Völker U, Zygmunt M. Placental villous trophoblast supports vasculogenesis in vitro. J Reprod Immunol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2010.06.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Birkenmeier K, Janke I, Schunck WH, Trimpert C, Krieg T, Landsberger M, Völker U, Felix SB, Staudt A. Prostaglandin receptors mediate effects of substances released from ischaemic rat hearts on non-ischaemic cardiomyocytes. Eur J Clin Invest 2008; 38:902-9. [PMID: 19021714 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.02052.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After ischaemia and during reperfusion, rat hearts release cardiodepressive substances that are putatively cyclooxygenase-2-dependent. The present study analyses the mechanisms by which these substances mediate their effect downstream of cyclooxygenase-2. MATERIALS AND METHODS After 10 min of global stop-flow ischaemia, isolated rat hearts were reperfused and post-ischaemic coronary effluent was collected over a period of 30 s. Non-ischaemic effluent collected before ischaemia was used as a control. We investigated the effect of the effluents on cell shortening and Ca(++)-metabolism, by application of fluorescence microscopy of field-stimulated adult rat cardiomyocytes incubated with fura-2. Cells were pre-incubated with inhibitors of protein kinase A and C and with antagonists of protein kinase A-dependent prostaglandin receptors. We examined the expression of prostaglandin receptors in cardiomyocytes by Western blotting. RESULTS In contrast to non-ischaemic effluent, post-ischaemic effluent induced reduction of Ca(++) transient and cell shortening in the cardiomyocytes. In contrast to protein kinase C inhibitor Myr-PKC [19-27], the protein kinase A inhibitor Rp-cAMPS completely blocked the effect of post-ischaemic effluent. Furthermore, we determined a cyclic adenosine monophosphate increase in cardiomyocytes that were pre-incubated with post-ischaemic effluent. The antagonist of prostaglandin E-receptor EP2 AH6809 and the antagonist of receptor subtype EP4 AH23848 attenuated the effect of post-ischaemic effluent in contrast to other antagonists of prostaglandin D and I receptors, which did not influence the effect. In lysates of adherend cardiomyocytes, expression of prostaglandin D, E and I receptors was detected by Western blotting. CONCLUSIONS The effect of post-ischaemic effluent is mediated by the protein kinase A-dependent prostaglandin-receptor subtypes EP2 and EP4 downstream of cyclooxygenase-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Birkenmeier
- Klinik für Innere Medizin B, Ernst-Moritz-Amdt-Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Morr AK, Rehn M, Völker U, Dietl J, Girschick G. Isolierte Analatresie – Diagnosestellung im ersten Trimenon. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1089121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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27
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Kohrenhagen N, Völker U, Kämmerer U, Dietl J. Vergleich des Expressionsmusters von vulvären Neoplasien. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1089316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Grabarczyk P, Przybylski GK, Depke M, Völker U, Bahr J, Assmus K, Bröker BM, Walther R, Schmidt CA. Inhibition of BCL11B expression leads to apoptosis of malignant but not normal mature T cells. Oncogene 2006; 26:3797-810. [PMID: 17173069 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)/lymphoma 11B gene (BCL11B) encodes a Krüppel-like zinc-finger protein, which plays a crucial role in thymopoiesis and has been associated with hematopoietic malignancies. It was hypothesized that BCL11B may act as a tumor-suppressor gene, but its precise function has not yet been elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that the survival of human T-cell leukemia and lymphoma cell lines is critically dependent on Bcl11b. Suppression of Bcl11b by RNA interference selectively induced apoptosis in transformed T cells whereas normal mature T cells remained unaffected. The apoptosis was effected by simultaneous activation of death receptor-mediated and intrinsic apoptotic pathways, most likely as a result of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) upregulation and suppression of the Bcl-xL antiapoptotic protein. Our data indicate an antiapoptotic function of Bcl11b. The resistance of normal mature T lymphocytes to Bcl11b suppression-induced apoptosis and restricted expression pattern make it an attractive therapeutic target in T-cell malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Grabarczyk
- Clinic for Internal Medicine C, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Kohrenhagen N, Völker U, Kapp M, Kämmerer U, Dietl J. Veränderung des Expressionsmusters von Galectin-1 im Verlauf der Progression der zervikalen Neoplasien. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-952358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Morr AK, Krockenberger M, Völker U, Hönig A, Dietl J. Juveniler Granulosazelltumor mit ausgeprägter Aszitesbildung ohne peritoneale Tumormanifestation–ein Fallbericht. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-952364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Aurich K, Völker U, Kloos C, Müller UA. Glykämie, Behandlungszufriedenheit und Depressivität bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 und 2. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-944153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Aurich K, Völker U, Kloos C, Müller UA. Glykämie und Bildungsniveau bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 und 2. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-943897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Aurich K, Völker U, Kloos C, Müller UA. Behandlungszufriedenheit und Glykämie bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 und 2. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-944149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Aurich K, Völker U, Kloos C, Müller UA. Schlechte Stoffwechselkompensation bei Kombination von Insulin und oralen Antidiabetika in einer Querschnittsuntersuchung zu Hyperglykämiesymptomen. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-944159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Bien S, Ritter CA, Kranz M, Scharf C, Steil L, Hummel M, Völker U, Cascorbi I, Kroemer HK. Influence of doxorubicin on gene expression and protein pattern in HeLa cells. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 2004; 42:640-1. [PMID: 15598030 DOI: 10.5414/cpp42640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Bien
- Institute of Pharmacology, University of Greifswald, Germany
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Abstract
One of the strongest and most noticeable responses of a Bacillus subtilis cell to a range of stress and starvation conditions is the dramatic induction of a large number of general stress proteins. The alternative sigma factor sigma B is responsible for the induction of the genes encoding these general stress proteins that occurs following heat, ethanol, salt or acid stress, or during energy depletion. sigma B was detected more than 20 years ago by Richard Losick and William Haldenwang as the first alternative sigma factor of bacteria, but interest in sigma B declined after it was realized that sigma B is not involved in sporulation. It later turned out that sigma B, whose activity itself is tightly controlled, is absolutely required for the induction of this regulon, not only in B. subtilis, but also in other Gram-positive bacteria. These findings may have been responsible for the recent revival of interest in sigma B. This chapter summarizes the current information on this sigma B response including the latest results on the signal transduction pathways, the structure of the regulon and its physiological role. More than 150 general stress proteins/genes belong to this sigma B regulon, which is believed to provide the non-growing cell with a non-specific, multiple and preventive stress resistance. sigma B-dependent stress proteins are involved in non-specific protection against oxidative stress and also protect cells against heat, acid, alkaline or osmotic stress. A cell in the transition from a growing to a non-growing state induced by energy depletion will be equipped with a comprehensive stress resistance machine to protect it against future stress. The protection against oxidative stress may be an essential part of this response. In addition, preloading of cells with sigma B-dependent stress proteins, induced by mild heat or salt stress, will protect cells against a severe, potentially lethal, future stress. Both the specific protection against an acute emerging stress, as well as the non-specific, prospective protection against future stress, are adaptive functions crucial for surviving stress and starvation in nature. We suggest that the sigma B response is one essential component of a survival strategy that ensures survival in a quiescent, vegetative state as an alternative to sporulation. The role of sigma B in related Gram-positive bacteria (including cyanobacteria) with special emphasis on pathogenic bacteria is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hecker
- Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Institut für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 15, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Petersohn A, Brigulla M, Haas S, Hoheisel JD, Völker U, Hecker M. Global analysis of the general stress response of Bacillus subtilis. J Bacteriol 2001; 183:5617-31. [PMID: 11544224 PMCID: PMC95453 DOI: 10.1128/jb.183.19.5617-5631.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 336] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2001] [Accepted: 07/09/2001] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene arrays containing all currently known open reading frames of Bacillus subtilis were used to examine the general stress response of Bacillus. By proteomics, transcriptional analysis, transposon mutagenesis, and consensus promoter-based screening, 75 genes had previously been described as sigma(B)-dependent general stress genes. The present gene array-based analysis confirmed 62 of these already known general stress genes and detected 63 additional genes subject to control by the stress sigma factor sigma(B). At least 24 of these 125 sigma(B)-dependent genes seemed to be subject to a second, sigma(B)-independent stress induction mechanism. Therefore, this transcriptional profiling revealed almost four times as many regulon members as the proteomic approach, but failure of confirmation of all known members of the sigma(B) regulon indicates that even this approach has not yet elucidated the entire regulon. Most of the sigma(B)-dependent general stress proteins are probably located in the cytoplasm, but 25 contain at least one membrane-spanning domain, and at least 6 proteins appear to be secreted. The functions of most of the newly described genes are still unknown. However, their classification as sigma(B)-dependent stress genes argues that their products most likely perform functions in stress management and help to provide the nongrowing cell with multiple stress resistance. A comprehensive screening program analyzing the multiple stress resistance of mutants with mutations in single stress genes is in progress. The first results of this program, showing the diminished salt resistance of yjbC and yjbD mutants compared to that of the wild type, are presented. Only a few new sigma(B)-dependent proteins with already known functions were found, among them SodA, encoding a superoxide dismutase. In addition to analysis of the sigma(B)-dependent general stress regulon, a comprehensive list of genes induced by heat, salt, or ethanol stress in a sigma(B)-independent manner is presented. Perhaps the most interesting of the sigma(B)-independent stress phenomena was the induction of the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor sigma(W) and its entire regulon by salt shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Petersohn
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, 17487 Greifswald, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Büttner K, Bernhardt J, Scharf C, Schmid R, Mäder U, Eymann C, Antelmann H, Völker A, Völker U, Hecker M. A comprehensive two-dimensional map of cytosolic proteins of Bacillus subtilis. Electrophoresis 2001; 22:2908-35. [PMID: 11565787 DOI: 10.1002/1522-2683(200108)22:14<2908::aid-elps2908>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics relying on two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis of proteins followed by spot identification with mass spectrometry is an excellent experimental tool for physiological studies opening a new perspective for understanding overall cell physiology. This is the intriguing outcome of a method introduced by Klose and O'Farrell independently 25 years ago. Physiological proteomics requires a 2-D reference map on which most of the main proteins were identified. In this paper, we present such a reference map with more than 300 entries for Bacillus subtilis proteins with an isoelectric point (pI) between 4 and 7. The most abundant proteins of exponentially growing cells were compiled and shown to perform mainly housekeeping functions in glycolysis, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCC), amino acid biosynthesis and translation as well as protein quality control. Furthermore, putative post-translational modifications were shown at a large scale, with 47 proteins in total forming more than one spot. In a few selected cases evidence for phosphorylation of these proteins is presented. The proteome analysis in the standard pI range was complemented by either stretching the most crowded regions in a narrow pH gradient 4.5-5.5, or by adding other fractions of the total B. subtilis proteome such as alkaline proteins as well as extracellular proteins. A big challenge for future studies is to provide an experimental protocol covering the fraction of intrinsic membrane proteins that almost totally escaped detection by the experimental procedure used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Büttner
- Institut für Mikrobiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Germany
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Sauer J, Schreiber U, Schmid R, Völker U, Forchhammer K. Nitrogen starvation-induced chlorosis in Synechococcus PCC 7942. Low-level photosynthesis as a mechanism of long-term survival. Plant Physiol 2001; 126:233-43. [PMID: 11351086 PMCID: PMC102297 DOI: 10.1104/pp.126.1.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2000] [Revised: 11/29/2000] [Accepted: 01/19/2001] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Cells of the non-diazotrophic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 acclimate to nitrogen deprivation by differentiating into non-pigmented resting cells, which are able to survive prolonged periods of starvation. In this study, the physiological properties of the long-term nitrogen-starved cells are investigated in an attempt to elucidate the mechanisms of maintenance of viability. Preservation of energetic homeostasis is based on a low level of residual photosynthesis; activities of photosystem II and photosystem I were approximately 0.1% of activities of vegetatively growing cells. The low levels of photosystem I activity were measured by a novel colorimetric assay developed from the activity staining of ferredoxin:NADP+ oxidoreductase. Photosystem II reaction centers, as determined by chlorophyll fluorescence measurements, exhibited normal properties, although the efficiency of light harvesting was significantly reduced compared with that of control cells. Long-term chlorotic cells carried out protein synthesis at a very low, but detectable level, as revealed by in vivo [35S]methionine labeling and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. In conjunction with the very low levels of total cellular protein contents, this implies a continuous protein turnover during chlorosis. Synthesis of components of the photosynthetic apparatus could be detected, whereas factors of the translational machinery were stringently down-regulated. Beyond the massive loss of protein during acclimation to nitrogen deprivation, two proteins that were identified as SomA and SomB accumulated due to an induced expression following nitrogen reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sauer
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie der Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26-32, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Abstract
The Bacillus subtilis genome encodes two members of the Lon family of prokaryotic ATP-dependent proteases. One, LonA, is produced in response to temperature, osmotic, and oxidative stress and has also been implicated in preventing sigma(G) activity under nonsporulation conditions. The second is encoded by the lonB gene, which resides immediately upstream from lonA. Here we report that transcription of lonB occurs during sporulation under sigma(F) control and thus is restricted to the prespore compartment of sporulating cells. First, expression of a lonB-lacZ transcriptional fusion was abolished in strains unable to produce sigma(F) but remained unaffected upon disruption of the genes encoding the early and late mother cell regulators sigma(E) and sigma(K) or the late forespore regulator sigma(G). Second, the fluorescence of strains harboring a lonB-gfp fusion was confined to the prespore compartment and depended on sigma(F) production. Last, primer extension analysis of the lonB transcript revealed -10 and -35 sequences resembling the consensus sequence recognized by sigma(F)-containing RNA polymerase. We further show that the lonB message accumulated as a single monocistronic transcript during sporulation, synthesis of which required sigma(F) activity. Disruption of the lonB gene did not confer any discernible sporulation phenotype to otherwise wild-type cells, nor did expression of lonB from a multicopy plasmid. In contrast, expression of a fusion of the lonB promoter to the lonA gene severely reduced expression of the sigma(G)-dependent sspE gene and the frequency of sporulation. In confirmation of earlier observations, we found elevated levels of sigma(F)-dependent activity in a spoIIIE47 mutant, in which the lonB region of the chromosome is not translocated into the prespore. Expression of either lonB or the P(lonB)-lonA fusion from a plasmid in the spoIIIE47 mutant reduced sigma(F) -dependent activity to wild-type levels. The results suggest that both LonA and LonB can prevent abnormally high sigma(F) activity but that only LonA can negatively regulate sigma(G).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Serrano
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2781-901 Oeiras Codex, Portugal
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Abstract
Humans are exposed to a variety of environmental toxicants and combinations thereof, and a large number of interacting factors contribute to an individual's risk for disease. Therefore, new strategies in toxicological research are needed for efficient screening of environmental hazards on complex living systems. The rapidly expanding field of proteomics relies heavily upon the use of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) of protein samples. 2-DE is a key separation technique in proteome analysis due to its advantage of simultaneous separation of thousands of proteins at a time, excellent reproducibility, and ability to exhibit post-translational modifications. Therefore, 2-D proteome analysis is becoming a popular method of choice to detect differentially expressed proteins between proteome profiles after exposure to toxicants. The goal of this study was to examine the response of pancreas carcinoma cells to increasing concentrations of the cytotoxic agent daunorubicin (DRC). The proteomic investigation revealed a number of proteins that were up-regulated by DRC treatment, some in a dose-dependent manner. However, these changes were not seen by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The determination of proteome changes following exposure to xenobiotics will aid our understanding of the mechanisms of their toxicity as well as providing the possibility for the establishment of biomarkers that can be used in risk assessment as well as for the identification of individual susceptibility factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Möller
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Philipps-University of Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Strasse 1, D-35033 Marburg, Germany
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Günther K, Jung A, Völker U, Meyer M, Brabletz T, Matzel KE, Reymond MA, Kirchner T, Hohenberger W. p27(kip1) expression in rectal cancer correlates with disease-free survival. J Surg Res 2000; 92:78-84. [PMID: 10864486 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.2000.5871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cell-cycle inhibitor p27(kip1) is a potential tumor suppressor and might serve as a prognostic marker in rectal cancer, in particular with regard to patient selection for adjuvant therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Immunohistochemical analysis was performed, using an anti-p27(kip1) monoclonal antibody, on paraffin sections of two matched [age, gender, UICC stage, year of operation (1982-1991)] groups of patients (n = 2 x 82) with rectal carcinoma curatively treated by surgery alone. The groups differed only in subsequent metachronous distant metastatic spread. All patients had to meet the selection criterion "free of local disease," in order to exclude surgical influence. Follow-up was prospective (median of 74 months). The intensity of staining (-, +, ++, ) and rate of positive cells (as a percentage of total tumor volume) were judged separately for cytoplasms and nuclei. RESULTS On multivariate analysis, cytoplasmic staining intensity proved to be the best prognostic factor of disease-free survival and approached statistical significance (P = 0.0552, Cox regression). On univariate analysis, considering cytoplasmic staining alone, intensely stained ( ) tumors showed significantly poorer disease-free survival (vs ++, +, -; Kaplan-Meier, logrank, P = 0.0185). CONCLUSIONS The demonstrated correlation between cytoplasmic compartmentalization of p27(kip1) and increased metastatic spread as well as disease-free survival underscores the role of p27(kip1) in rectal cancer. However, since other reports emphasize the importance of nuclear p27(kip1) expression, the mechanisms of steady-state and subcellular distribution of p27(kip1) remain unclear, and further investigation is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Günther
- Department of Surgery, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Beinder E, Lohoff M, Rauch R, Völker U. [Discrepant outcome of intrauterine listeria infection in dichorionic twins]. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 1999; 203 Suppl 2:12-5. [PMID: 10612192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED BACKGROUND AND CASE REPORT: We report on a case of fetal Listeriosis in a dichorionic twin pregnancy where both placentae, but only one of the twins were infected. While the firstborn child showed no infection and remained healthy until today, the other newborn had all clinical signs of granulomatosis infantiseptica and died despite of immediate resuscitation immediately after delivery. CONCLUSIONS This discrepant course with Listeriosis in twins underlines, that fetal factors influence the clinical outcome in placental Listeriosis. The reasons for the infection of only one twin and the avoidance of the other twin remain unclarified. We speculate that immunologic mechanisms or the presence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid may play an important role for intrauterine infection with Listeriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Beinder
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde, Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
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Küster-Schöck E, Wagner A, Völker U, Hillen W. Mutations in catabolite control protein CcpA showing glucose-independent regulation in Bacillus megaterium. J Bacteriol 1999; 181:7634-8. [PMID: 10601226 PMCID: PMC94226 DOI: 10.1128/jb.181.24.7634-7638.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/1999] [Accepted: 10/01/1999] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified five single amino acid exchanges in CcpA that lead to permanent repression of the xylose utilization genes in the absence of glucose. Other proteins from the CcpA regulon also show glucose-independent regulation in the mutants. The mutant CcpA proteins bind to the DNA target catabolite responsive elements without the corepressor HPr-Ser-P.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Küster-Schöck
- Lehrstuhl für Mikrobiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058 Erlangen, Federal Republic of Germany
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Petersohn A, Bernhardt J, Gerth U, Höper D, Koburger T, Völker U, Hecker M. Identification of sigma(B)-dependent genes in Bacillus subtilis using a promoter consensus-directed search and oligonucleotide hybridization. J Bacteriol 1999; 181:5718-24. [PMID: 10482513 PMCID: PMC94092 DOI: 10.1128/jb.181.18.5718-5724.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A consensus-directed search for sigma(B) promoters was used to locate potential candidates for new sigma(B)-dependent genes in Bacillus subtilis. Screening of those candidates by oligonucleotide hybridizations with total RNA from exponentially growing or ethanol-stressed cells of the wild type as well as a sigB mutant revealed 22 genes that required sigma(B) for induction by ethanol. Although almost 50% of the proteins encoded by the newly discovered sigma(B)-dependent stress genes seem to be membrane localized, biochemical functions have so far not been defined for any of the gene products. Allocation of the genes to the sigma(B)-dependent stress regulon may indicate a potential function in the establishment of a multiple stress resistance. AldY and YhdF show similarities to NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenases and YdbP to thioredoxins, supporting our suggestion that sigma(B)-dependent proteins may be involved in the maintenance of the intracellular redox balance after stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Petersohn
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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Abstract
The alternative sigma factor sigmaB of Bacillus subtilis is required for the induction of approximately 100 genes after the imposition of a whole range of stresses and energy limitation. In this study, we investigated the impact of a null mutation in sigB on the stress and starvation survival of B. subtilis. sigB mutants which failed to induce the regulon following stress displayed an at least 50- to 100-fold decrease in survival of severe heat (54 degrees C) or ethanol (9%) shock, salt (10%) stress, and acid (pH 4.3) stress, as well as freezing and desiccation, compared to the wild type. Preloading cells with sigmaB-dependent general stress proteins prior to growth-inhibiting stress conferred considerable protection against heat and salt. Exhaustion of glucose or phosphate induced the sigmaB response, but surprisingly, sigmaB did not seem to be required for starvation survival. Starved wild-type cells exhibited about 10-fold greater resistance to salt stress than exponentially growing cells. The data argue that the expression of sigmaB-dependent genes provides nonsporulated B. subtilis cells with a nonspecific multiple stress resistance that may be relevant for stress survival in the natural ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Völker
- Laboratorium für Mikrobiologie und MPI für terrestrische Mikrobiologie, Philipps-Universität, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- H Löhrer
- Klinik und Poliklinik für HNO-Kranke, Universität Erlangen Nürnberg
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Schweder T, Kolyschkow A, Völker U, Hecker M. Analysis of the expression and function of the sigmaB-dependent general stress regulon of Bacillus subtilis during slow growth. Arch Microbiol 1999; 171:439-43. [PMID: 10369900 DOI: 10.1007/s002030050731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Glucose-limited continuous cultures were used to analyze sigmaB activity at decreasing growth rates. Expression of the sigmaB-dependent genes gsiB and ctc started to increase at a growth rate of 0.2 h-1, and both genes were induced approximately fivefold at a growth rate of 0.1 h-1 as compared to expression at the maximal growth rate. However, maximal sigmaB activity was only reached when the growth stopped as a result of the exhaustion of the carbon and energy source glucose. During glucose-limited growth, increased expression of the general stress regulon at growth rates below 0.2 h-1 did not provide wild-type cells with a growth advantage over sigB mutants. Instead, expression of the stress regulon seems to constitute a significant burden during glucose-limited growth, resulting in a selective growth advantage of the sigB mutant as compared to the wild-type at a growth rate of 0.08 h-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schweder
- Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, Friedrich-Ludwig-Jahn-Strasse 15, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany.
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Aigner T, Neureiter D, Völker U, Belke J, Kirchner T. Epithelial-mesenchymal transdifferentiation and extracellular matrix gene expression in pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid salivary gland. J Pathol 1998; 186:178-85. [PMID: 9924434 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9896(1998100)186:2<178::aid-path161>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal and epithelial cell differentiation are assumed to be dichotomic primary events in embryonic development. In this study, pleomorphic adenomas of the parotid gland were analysed as a model which shows morphological features of both epithelial and mesenchymal tissue types. Using matrix gene expression profiles as a supplementary criterion for the identification of cellular phenotypes, areas with unequivocal epithelial and mesenchymal differentiation could be demonstrated. Many areas displayed a transitional phenotype with cells showing both epithelial and mesenchymal features. The data provide evidence that epithelial-mesenchymal transitions represent the basic principle of the tisuse heterogeneity in pleomorphic adenomas. Thus, pleomorphic adenomas demonstrate the potential of adult (neoplastic) epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into mesenchymal cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Aigner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Erlanger-Nürnberg, Germany
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Hecker M, Völker U. Non-specific, general and multiple stress resistance of growth-restricted Bacillus subtilis cells by the expression of the sigmaB regulon. Mol Microbiol 1998; 29:1129-36. [PMID: 9767581 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00977.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus subtilis cells respond almost immediately to different stress conditions by increasing the production of general stress proteins (GSPs). The genes encoding the majority of the GSPs that are induced by heat, ethanol, salt stress or by starvation for glucose, oxygen or phosphate belong to the sigmaB-dependent general stress regulon. Despite a good understanding of the complex regulation of the activity of sigmaB and knowledge of a very large number of general stress genes controlled by sigmaB, first insights into the physiological role of this nonspecific stress response have been obtained only very recently. To explore the physiological role of this reguIon, we and others identified sigmaB-dependent general stress genes and compared the stress tolerance of wild-type cells with mutants lacking sigmaB or general stress proteins. The proteins encoded by sigmaB-dependent general stress genes can be divided into at least five functional groups that most probably provide growth-restricted B. subtilis cells with a multiple stress resistance in anticipation of future stress. In particular, sigB mutants are impaired in non-specific resistance to oxidative stress, which requires the sigmaB-dependent dps gene encoding a DNA-protecting protein. Protection against oxidative damage of membranes, proteins or DNA could be the most essential component of sigmaB mediated general stress resistance in growth-arrested aerobic gram-positive bacteria. Other general stress genes have both a sigmaB-dependent induction pathway and a second sigmaB-independent mechanism of stress induction, thereby partially compensating for a sigmaB deficiency in a sigB mutant. In contrast to sigB mutants, null mutations in genes encoding those proteins, such as cIpP or cIpC, cause extreme sensitivity to salt or heat.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hecker
- Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifwald, Institut für Mikrobiologie und Molekularbiologie, Greifswald, Germany.
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