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Fedotov AV, Altinbas Z, Belomestnykh S, Ben-Zvi I, Blaskiewicz M, Brennan M, Bruno D, Brutus C, Costanzo M, Drees A, Fischer W, Fite J, Gaowei M, Gassner D, Gu X, Halinski J, Hamdi K, Hammons L, Harvey M, Hayes T, Hulsart R, Inacker P, Jamilkowski J, Jing Y, Kewisch J, Kankiya P, Kayran D, Lehn R, Liaw CJ, Litvinenko V, Liu C, Ma J, Mahler G, Mapes M, Marusic A, Mernick K, Mi C, Michnoff R, Miller T, Minty M, Narayan G, Nayak S, Nguyen L, Paniccia M, Pinayev I, Polizzo S, Ptitsyn V, Rao T, Robert-Demolaize G, Roser T, Sandberg J, Schoefer V, Schultheiss C, Seletskiy S, Severino F, Shrey T, Smart L, Smith K, Song H, Sukhanov A, Than R, Thieberger P, Trabocchi S, Tuozzolo J, Wanderer P, Wang E, Wang G, Weiss D, Xiao B, Xin T, Xu W, Zaltsman A, Zhao H, Zhao Z. Experimental Demonstration of Hadron Beam Cooling Using Radio-Frequency Accelerated Electron Bunches. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:084801. [PMID: 32167359 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.084801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cooling of beams of gold ions using electron bunches accelerated with radio-frequency systems was recently experimentally demonstrated in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Such an approach is new and opens the possibility of using this technique at higher energies than possible with electrostatic acceleration of electron beams. The challenges of this approach include generation of electron beams suitable for cooling, delivery of electron bunches of the required quality to the cooling sections without degradation of beam angular divergence and energy spread, achieving the required small angles between electron and ion trajectories in the cooling sections, precise velocity matching between the two beams, high-current operation of the electron accelerator, as well as several physics effects related to bunched-beam cooling. Here we report on the first demonstration of cooling hadron beams using this new approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- A V Fedotov
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Z Altinbas
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - S Belomestnykh
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - I Ben-Zvi
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Blaskiewicz
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Brennan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - D Bruno
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C Brutus
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Costanzo
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Drees
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - W Fischer
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J Fite
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Gaowei
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - D Gassner
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - X Gu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J Halinski
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Hamdi
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - L Hammons
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Harvey
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - T Hayes
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R Hulsart
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - P Inacker
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J Jamilkowski
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Y Jing
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J Kewisch
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - P Kankiya
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - D Kayran
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R Lehn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C J Liaw
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - V Litvinenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C Liu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - G Mahler
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Mapes
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Marusic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Mernick
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C Mi
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R Michnoff
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - T Miller
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Minty
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - G Narayan
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - S Nayak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - L Nguyen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Paniccia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - I Pinayev
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - S Polizzo
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - V Ptitsyn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - T Rao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | | | - T Roser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J Sandberg
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - V Schoefer
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C Schultheiss
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - S Seletskiy
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - F Severino
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - T Shrey
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - L Smart
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Smith
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - H Song
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Sukhanov
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R Than
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - P Thieberger
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - S Trabocchi
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J Tuozzolo
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - P Wanderer
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - E Wang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - G Wang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - D Weiss
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - B Xiao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - T Xin
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - W Xu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Zaltsman
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - H Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Z Zhao
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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2
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Huang H, Kewisch J, Liu C, Marusic A, Meng W, Méot F, Oddo P, Ptitsyn V, Ranjbar V, Roser T, Schmidke WB. Measurement of the Spin Tune Using the Coherent Spin Motion of Polarized Protons in a Storage Ring. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:204803. [PMID: 31172775 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.204803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports the first spin tune measurement at high energies (24 and 255 GeV) with a driven coherent spin motion. To maintain polarization in a polarized proton collider, it is important to know the spin tune of the polarized proton beam, which is defined as the number of full spin precessions per revolution. A nine-magnet spin flipper has demonstrated high spin-flip efficiency in the presence of two Siberian snakes [H. Huang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 264804 (2018).10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.264804]. The spin flipper drives a spin resonance with a given frequency (or tune) and strength. When the drive tune is close to the spin tune, the proton spin direction is not vertical anymore, but precesses around the vertical direction. By measuring the precession frequency of the horizontal component, the spin tune can be precisely measured. A driven coherent spin motion and fast turn-by-turn polarization measurement are keys to the measurement. The vertical spin direction is restored after turning the spin flipper off and the polarization value is not affected by the measurement. The fact that this manipulation preserves the polarization makes it possible to measure the spin tune during the operation of a high energy accelerator.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Huang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J Kewisch
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C Liu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Marusic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - W Meng
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - F Méot
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - P Oddo
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - V Ptitsyn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - V Ranjbar
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - T Roser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - W B Schmidke
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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3
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Huang H, Kewisch J, Liu C, Marusic A, Meng W, Méot F, Oddo P, Ptitsyn V, Ranjbar V, Roser T. High Spin-Flip Efficiency at 255 GeV for Polarized Protons in a Ring With Two Full Siberian Snakes. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:264804. [PMID: 30004736 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.264804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In polarized proton collision experiments, it is highly advantageous to flip the spin of each bunch of protons during the stores to reduce the systematic errors. Experiments done at energies less than 2 GeV have demonstrated a spin-flip efficiency over 99%. At high energy colliders with Siberian snakes, a single magnet spin flipper does not work because of the large spin tune spread and the generation of multiple, overlapping resonances. A more sophisticated spin flipper, constructed of nine-dipole magnets, was used to flip the spin in the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. A special optics choice was also used to make the spin tune spread very small. A 97% spin-flip efficiency was measured at both 24 and 255 GeV. These results show that efficient spin flipping can be achieved at high energies using a nine-magnet spin flipper.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Huang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - J Kewisch
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C Liu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Marusic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - W Meng
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - F Méot
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - P Oddo
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - V Ptitsyn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - V Ranjbar
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - T Roser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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4
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Anastassopoulos V, Andrianov S, Baartman R, Baessler S, Bai M, Benante J, Berz M, Blaskiewicz M, Bowcock T, Brown K, Casey B, Conte M, Crnkovic JD, D'Imperio N, Fanourakis G, Fedotov A, Fierlinger P, Fischer W, Gaisser MO, Giomataris Y, Grosse-Perdekamp M, Guidoboni G, Hacıömeroğlu S, Hoffstaetter G, Huang H, Incagli M, Ivanov A, Kawall D, Kim YI, King B, Koop IA, Lazarus DM, Lebedev V, Lee MJ, Lee S, Lee YH, Lehrach A, Lenisa P, Levi Sandri P, Luccio AU, Lyapin A, MacKay W, Maier R, Makino K, Malitsky N, Marciano WJ, Meng W, Meot F, Metodiev EM, Miceli L, Moricciani D, Morse WM, Nagaitsev S, Nayak SK, Orlov YF, Ozben CS, Park ST, Pesce A, Petrakou E, Pile P, Podobedov B, Polychronakos V, Pretz J, Ptitsyn V, Ramberg E, Raparia D, Rathmann F, Rescia S, Roser T, Kamal Sayed H, Semertzidis YK, Senichev Y, Sidorin A, Silenko A, Simos N, Stahl A, Stephenson EJ, Ströher H, Syphers MJ, Talman J, Talman RM, Tishchenko V, Touramanis C, Tsoupas N, Venanzoni G, Vetter K, Vlassis S, Won E, Zavattini G, Zelenski A, Zioutas K. A storage ring experiment to detect a proton electric dipole moment. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:115116. [PMID: 27910557 DOI: 10.1063/1.4967465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new experiment is described to detect a permanent electric dipole moment of the proton with a sensitivity of 10-29 e ⋅ cm by using polarized "magic" momentum 0.7 GeV/c protons in an all-electric storage ring. Systematic errors relevant to the experiment are discussed and techniques to address them are presented. The measurement is sensitive to new physics beyond the standard model at the scale of 3000 TeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Anastassopoulos
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26500 Rio-Patras, Greece
| | - S Andrianov
- Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Control Processes, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - R Baartman
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada
| | - S Baessler
- Department of Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - M Bai
- Institut für Kernphysik and JARA-Fame, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - J Benante
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Berz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Blaskiewicz
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - T Bowcock
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - K Brown
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - B Casey
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M Conte
- Physics Department and INFN Section of Genoa, 16146 Genoa, Italy
| | - J D Crnkovic
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - N D'Imperio
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - G Fanourakis
- Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics NCSR Demokritos, GR-15310 Aghia Paraskevi Athens, Greece
| | - A Fedotov
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - P Fierlinger
- Technical University München, Physikdepartment and Excellence-Cluster "Universe," Garching, Germany
| | - W Fischer
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M O Gaisser
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Y Giomataris
- CEA/Saclay, DAPNIA, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
| | - M Grosse-Perdekamp
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - G Guidoboni
- University of Ferrara, INFN of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - S Hacıömeroğlu
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - G Hoffstaetter
- Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - H Huang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - M Incagli
- Physics Department, University and INFN Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Ivanov
- Faculty of Applied Mathematics and Control Processes, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - D Kawall
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - Y I Kim
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - B King
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - I A Koop
- Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - D M Lazarus
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - V Lebedev
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - M J Lee
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - S Lee
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Y H Lee
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - A Lehrach
- Institut für Kernphysik and JARA-Fame, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - P Lenisa
- University of Ferrara, INFN of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - P Levi Sandri
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, I-00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - A U Luccio
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Lyapin
- Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | - W MacKay
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R Maier
- Institut für Kernphysik and JARA-Fame, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - K Makino
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - N Malitsky
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - W J Marciano
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - W Meng
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - F Meot
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - E M Metodiev
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - L Miceli
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - D Moricciani
- Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Univ. di Roma "Tor Vergata" and INFN Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - W M Morse
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - S Nagaitsev
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - S K Nayak
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Y F Orlov
- Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - C S Ozben
- Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
| | - S T Park
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - A Pesce
- University of Ferrara, INFN of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - E Petrakou
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - P Pile
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - B Podobedov
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | | | - J Pretz
- RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fame, III. Physikalisches Institut B, Physikzentrum, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - V Ptitsyn
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - E Ramberg
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - D Raparia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - F Rathmann
- Institut für Kernphysik and JARA-Fame, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - S Rescia
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - T Roser
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - H Kamal Sayed
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - Y K Semertzidis
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Y Senichev
- Institut für Kernphysik and JARA-Fame, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - A Sidorin
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - A Silenko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Moscow region, Russia
| | - N Simos
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - A Stahl
- RWTH Aachen University and JARA-Fame, III. Physikalisches Institut B, Physikzentrum, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - E J Stephenson
- Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - H Ströher
- Institut für Kernphysik and JARA-Fame, Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - M J Syphers
- Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
| | - J Talman
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - R M Talman
- Laboratory for Elementary-Particle Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
| | - V Tishchenko
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - C Touramanis
- Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - N Tsoupas
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - G Venanzoni
- Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, INFN, I-00044 Frascati, Rome, Italy
| | - K Vetter
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S Vlassis
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26500 Rio-Patras, Greece
| | - E Won
- Center for Axion and Precision Physics Research, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - G Zavattini
- University of Ferrara, INFN of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - A Zelenski
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
| | - K Zioutas
- Department of Physics, University of Patras, 26500 Rio-Patras, Greece
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5
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Huang H, Ahrens LA, Bai M, Brown K, Courant ED, Gardner C, Glenn JW, Lin F, Luccio AU, Mackay WW, Okamura M, Ptitsyn V, Roser T, Takano J, Tepikian S, Tsoupas N, Zelenski A, Zeno K. Overcoming depolarizing resonances with dual helical partial Siberian snakes. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:154801. [PMID: 17995173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.154801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Acceleration of polarized protons in the energy range of 5 to 25 GeV is challenging. In a medium energy accelerator, the depolarizing spin resonances are strong enough to cause significant polarization loss but full Siberian snakes cause intolerably large orbit excursions and are also not feasible since straight sections usually are too short. Recently, two helical partial Siberian snakes with double pitch design have been installed in the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS). With a careful setup of optics at injection and along the energy ramp, this combination can eliminate the intrinsic and imperfection depolarizing resonances otherwise encountered during acceleration to maintain a high intensity polarized beam in medium energy synchrotrons. The observation of partial snake resonances of higher than second order will also be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Huang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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6
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Bai M, Roser T, Ahrens L, Alekseev IG, Alessi J, Beebe-Wang J, Blaskiewicz M, Bravar A, Brennan JM, Bruno D, Bunce G, Courant E, Drees A, Fischer W, Gardner C, Gill R, Glenn J, Haeberli W, Huang H, Jinnouchi O, Kewisch J, Luccio A, Luo Y, Nakagawa I, Okada H, Pilat F, Mackay WW, Makdisi Y, Montag C, Ptitsyn V, Satogata T, Stephenson E, Svirida D, Tepikian S, Trbojevic D, Tsoupas N, Wise T, Zelenski A, Zeno K, Zhang SY. Polarized proton collisions at 205 GeV at RHIC. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:174801. [PMID: 16712305 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.174801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Brookhaven Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) has been providing collisions of polarized protons at a beam energy of 100 GeV since 2001. Equipped with two full Siberian snakes in each ring, polarization is preserved during acceleration from injection to 100 GeV. However, the intrinsic spin resonances beyond 100 GeV are about a factor of 2 stronger than those below 100 GeV making it important to examine the impact of these strong intrinsic spin resonances on polarization survival and the tolerance for vertical orbit distortions. Polarized protons were first accelerated to the record energy of 205 GeV in RHIC with a significant polarization measured at top energy in 2005. This Letter presents the results and discusses the sensitivity of the polarization survival to orbit distortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
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Ranjbar VH, Lee SY, Huang H, Luccio AU, MacKay WW, Ptitsyn V, Roser T, Tepikian S. Observation of higher-order snake resonances in polarized proton acceleration in RHIC. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:034801. [PMID: 12906421 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.034801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2002] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Higher-order and coupled snake resonances were observed during the 2002 polarized proton run in RHIC. Strong depolarization was observed when the fractional part of the vertical betatron tune approached 1/4, and when the fractional part of the horizontal tune approached 3/14. Because of the closed orbit error, each snake resonance splits into two. From the width of the observed snake resonances, we can derive the strength of the imperfection spin resonance. Our results appear consistent with the measured closed orbit error.
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Affiliation(s)
- V H Ranjbar
- Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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