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Hadžić K, Gregor A, Auernigg-Haselmaier S, Longo V, Pignitter M, Duszka K. Restrictive diets have a beneficial impact on dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis in male mice. J Nutr 2024; 154:121-132. [PMID: 37952777 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previously, we assessed the impact of restrictive diets, including caloric restriction (CR), intermittent fasting (IF), or fasting-mimicking diet (FMD), on a healthy gastrointestinal tract. We revealed that each of the diets shows anti-inflammatory outcomes. OBJECTIVE The current study aimed to verify the diets' applicability in treating colitis. METHODS We exposed a mouse model with mild chronic dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis to ad libitum control feeding, CR, IF, or FMD. The collected samples were analyzed for markers of inflammation. RESULTS The diets reduced DSS-triggered increases in spleen weight and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Diet intervention also influenced occludin levels, small intestine morphology, as well as cytokine and inflammatory gene expression, mainly in the mucosa of the proximal colon. The diets did not reverse DSS-enhanced gut permeability and thickening of the colon muscularis externa. Concerning inflammatory gene expression, the impact of DSS and the dietary intervention was limited to the colon as we did not measure major changes in the jejunum mucosa, Peyer's patches, and mesenteric lymph nodes. Further, rather modest changes in the concentration of intestinal bile acids were observed in response to the diets, whereas taurine and its conjugates levels were strongly affected. CONCLUSIONS Despite the differences in the dietary protocol, the tested diets showed very similar impacts and, therefore, may be interchangeable when aiming to reduce inflammation in the colon. However, FMD showed the most consistent beneficial impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajs Hadžić
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - András Gregor
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Valter Longo
- Longevity Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Marc Pignitter
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kalina Duszka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Mainas G, Santamaria P, Ide M, Longo V, Vinciguerra M, Nart J, Nibali L. Could dietary restrictions affect periodontal disease? A systematic review. Clin Oral Investig 2023; 27:4107-4116. [PMID: 37199773 PMCID: PMC10415456 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-023-05052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review aimed at evaluating the possible benefits that caloric restriction (CR) may provide to periodontal disease progression and response to treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Electronic search on Medline, Embase and Cochrane, and manual search were performed to identify pre-clinical and on human studies reporting the consequences of CR on clinical and inflammatory parameters related to periodontitis. Newcastle Ottawa System and SYRCLE scale were used to assess the risk of bias. RESULTS Four thousand nine hundred eighty articles were initially screened, and a total of 6 articles were finally included, consisting of 4 animal studies and 2 studies in humans. Due to the limited number of studies and heterogeneity of the data, results were presented in descriptive analyses. All studies showed that, compared to the normal (ad libitum) diet, CR might have the potential to reduce the local and systemic hyper-inflammatory state as well as disease progression in periodontal patients. CONCLUSIONS Within the existing limitations, this review highlights that CR showed some improvements in the periodontal condition by reducing the local and systemic inflammation related to the periodontitis and by improving clinical parameters. However, the results should be interpreted with caution since robust research such as randomized clinical trials is still missing. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This review shows that some dietary/caloric restrictions approaches may have the potential to improve periodontal conditions and, in addition, highlights a need for human studies with a robust methodology in order to draw stronger evidence-based conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Mainas
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Pasquale Santamaria
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Mark Ide
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Valter Longo
- Longevity Institute, Leonard Davis School of Gerontology and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manlio Vinciguerra
- Liverpool Center for Cardiovascular Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jose Nart
- Department of Periodontology, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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Longo V. PERIODIC FASTING MIMICKING DIET, LONGEVITY, AND DISEASE. Innov Aging 2022. [PMCID: PMC9766555 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igac059.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic dietary interventions have been known for decades to help prevent disease and extend longevity, yet most are difficult to adopt especially long-term. Brief periods of a diet that mimics fasting by regulating key starvation response genes including IGF-1, TOR-S6K and PKA lasting between 4 and 7 days and followed by long periods on a normal diet, are emerging as potentially effective pro-longevity interventions. These periodic fasting mimicking diets (FMD) provide low calories, sugars, and proteins and high levels of unsaturated fats. In mice, 4 day bi-monthly cycles of the FMD started at middle age extend longevity, reduce tumors by nearly 50%, reduce inflammatory diseases and increase cognitive performance at old ages. In humans, 3 monthly cycles of a 5 day FMD reduce markers or risk factors for aging, diabetes, cancer and cardiovascular disease including cholesterol, blood pressure, CRP, IGF-1, and fasting glucose, particularly in subjects with elevated levels of these markers at baseline. Here I will present our most recent mouse and clinical studies indicating that FMDs can help reverse insulin resistance, reduce risk factors/markers of aging and age-related diseases, and lower biological age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter Longo
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, California, United States
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Cavallero A, Puccini P, Aprile V, Lucchi M, Gervasi P, Longo V, Gabriele M. Presence, enzymatic activity, and subcellular localization of paraoxonases 1, 2, and 3 in human lung tissues. Life Sci 2022; 311:121147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Maranghi F, Tassinari R, Tait S, Barletta B, Cinzia B, Silvia C, Colombo P, Longo A, Longo V, Di Felice G. P02-07 Integrated approach to evaluate (immuno)toxicity of BDE-47 in female Balb-c mice. Toxicol Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.07.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Nardon M, Venturelli M, Ruzzante F, Longo V, Bertucco M. Response to: Dealing with menstrual cycle in sport: stop finding excuses to exclude women from research. Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:2491-2492. [PMID: 35918557 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-05015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Nardon
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37131, Verona, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturelli
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37131, Verona, Italy
| | - Federico Ruzzante
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37131, Verona, Italy
| | - Valter Longo
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.,IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, 20139, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Bertucco
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via Felice Casorati 43, 37131, Verona, Italy.
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Sulaj A, Kopf S, von Rauchhaupt E, Kliemank E, Brune M, Kender Z, Bartl H, Cortizo FG, Klepac K, Han Z, Kumar V, Longo V, Teleman A, Okun JG, Morgenstern J, Fleming T, Szendroedi J, Herzig S, Nawroth PP. Six-Month Periodic Fasting in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Diabetic Nephropathy: A Proof-of-Concept Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:2167-2181. [PMID: 35661214 PMCID: PMC9282263 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgac197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Novel fasting interventions have gained scientific and public attention. Periodic fasting has emerged as a dietary modification promoting beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome. OBJECTIVE Assess whether periodic fasting reduces albuminuria and activates nephropathy-driven pathways. DESIGN/PARTICIPANTS Proof-of-concept study where individuals with type 2 diabetes (n = 40) and increased albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) were randomly assigned to receive a monthly fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) or a Mediterranean diet for 6 months with 3-month follow-up. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Change in ACR was assessed by analysis of covariance adjusted for age, sex, weight loss, and baseline value. Prespecified subgroup analysis for patients with micro- vs macroalbuminuria at baseline was performed. Change in homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), circulating markers of dicarbonyl detoxification (methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone 1, glyoxalase-1, and hydroxyacetone), DNA-damage/repair (phosphorylated histone H2AX), lipid oxidation (acylcarnitines), and senescence (soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor) were assessed as exploratory endpoints. RESULTS FMD was well tolerated with 71% to 95% of the participants reporting no adverse effects. After 6 months, change in ACR was comparable between study groups [110.3 (99.2, 121.5) mg/g; P = 0.45]. FMD led to a reduction of ACR in patients with microalbuminuria levels at baseline [-30.3 (-35.7, -24.9) mg/g; P ≤ 0.05] but not in those with macroalbuminuria [434.0 (404.7, 463.4) mg/g; P = 0.23]. FMD reduced HOMA-IR [-3.8 (-5.6, -2.0); P ≤ 0.05] and soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor [-156.6 (-172.9, -140.4) pg/mL; P ≤ 0.05], while no change was observed in markers of dicarbonyl detoxification or DNA-damage/repair. Change in acylcarnitines was related to patient responsiveness to ACR improvement. At follow-up only HOMA-IR reduction [-1.9 (-3.7, -0.1), P ≤ 0.05]) was sustained. CONCLUSIONS Improvement of microalbuminuria and of markers of insulin resistance, lipid oxidation, and senescence suggest the potential beneficial effects of periodic fasting in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Sulaj
- Correspondence: Alba Sulaj, MD, Clinic of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Kopf
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ekaterina von Rauchhaupt
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kliemank
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Maik Brune
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zoltan Kender
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Hannelore Bartl
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Fabiola Garcia Cortizo
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katarina Klepac
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Zhe Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Varun Kumar
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Valter Longo
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Italian Foundation for Cancer Research Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Aurelio Teleman
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Division of Signal Transduction in Cancer and Metabolism, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jürgen G Okun
- Department of General Pediatrics, Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Centre for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University HospitalHeidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jakob Morgenstern
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Thomas Fleming
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Stephan Herzig
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Internal Medicine 1, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Chair Molecular Metabolic Control, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter P Nawroth
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology, Metabolism and Clinical Chemistry (Internal Medicine 1), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Center of Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
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Di Cianni F, Cardelli C, Italiano N, Laurino E, Moretti M, Depascale R, Gamba A, Iaccarino L, Doria A, Sousa Bandeira MJ, Dinis SP, C Romão V, Alessandri E, Gotelli E, Paolino S, DI Giosaffatte N, Grammatico P, Ferraris A, Cavagna L, Montecucco C, Longo V, Beretta L, Cavazzana I, Fredi M, Tincani A, D’urzo R, Bombardieri S, Burmester GR, Cutolo M, Fonseca JE, Frank CH, Galetti I, Hachulla E, Houssiau F, Marinello D, Müller-Ladner U, Schneider M, Smith V, Talarico R, Van Laar JM, Vieira A, Tani C, Mosca M. POS1232 LONG-TERM OUTCOMES OF COVID-19 VACCINATION IN PATIENTS WITH RARE AND COMPLEX CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASES: AN AD-INTERIM ANALYSIS OF ERN-ReCONNET VACCINATE STUDY. Ann Rheum Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2022-eular.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundSince the COVID-19 vaccination campaign was launched all over Europe, there has been general agreement on how benefits of SARS-CoV2 vaccines outweigh the risks in patients with rare connective tissue diseases (rCTDs). Yet, there is still limited evidence regarding safety and efficacy of such vaccines in these patients, especially in the long-term. For this reason, in the framework of ERN-ReCONNET, an observational long-term study (VACCINATE) was designed in order to explore the long-term outcome of COVID-19 vaccination in rCTDs patients. The consent form was developed thanks to the involvement of the ERN ReCONNET ePAG Advocates (European Patients Advocacy Group).ObjectivesTo evaluate the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccination in rCTDs patients and the potential impact on disease activity. Primary endpoints were the prevalence of adverse events (AEs) and of disease exacerbations post-vaccination. Secondary endpoints were the proportion of serious adverse events (SAEs) and adverse events of special interest for COVID-19 (adapted from https://brightoncollaboration.us/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/SO2_D2.1.2_V1.2_COVID-19_AESI-update-23Dec2020-review_final.pdf)MethodsThe first ad-interim analysis of the VACCINATE study involved 9 ERN-ReCONNET Network centres. Patients over 18 years of age with a known rCTD and who received vaccine against COVID-19 were eligible for recruitment. Demographic data and diagnoses were collected at the time of enrolment, while the appearance of AEs and potential disease exacerbations were monitored after one week from each vaccination dose, and then after 4, 12 and 24 weeks from the second dose. A disease exacerbation was defined as at least one of the following: new manifestations attributable to disease activity, hospitalization, increase in PGA from previous evaluation, addition of corticosteroids or immunosuppressants.ResultsA cohort of 300 patients (261 females, mean age 52, range 18-85) was recruited. Systemic lupus erythematosus (44%) and systemic sclerosis (16%) were the most frequent diagnoses, followed by Sjogren’s syndrome (SS,12%), idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IMM,10%), undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD,8%), mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD,4%), Ehlers-Danlos’s syndrome (EDS,4%), antiphospholipid syndrome (APS,2%). AEs appearing 7 days after the first and second doses were reported in 93 (31%) and 96 (32%) patients respectively, mainly represented by fatigue, injection site reaction, headache, fever and myalgia. Otitis, urticaria, Herpes Simplex-related rash, stomatitis, migraine with aura, vertigo, tinnitus and sleepiness were reported with very low frequency. Less than 2% of patients experienced AEs within 24 weeks from the second dose. No SAEs or AEs of special interest were observed in the study period. There were 25 disease exacerbations (8%), 7 of which severe. The highest number of exacerbations was observed after 4 weeks from the second dose (12 within week 4, 6 within week 12 and 7 within week 24). Disease exacerbation was most frequent in patients with EDS (33%) and MCTD (25%).ConclusionThis preliminary analysis shows that COVID-19 vaccination is safe in rCTDs patients. AEs appear most often early after vaccination and are usually mild. Disease exacerbations are not frequent, but can be potentially severe and tend to occur most frequently within the first month after vaccination. Exacerbations can also occur 3-6 months after vaccination, although a causal relationship with the vaccination remains to be established. Our present data underline the importance of long-term observational studies.Table 1.AEs and disease exacerbations per diseaseDiagnosisPatients enrolled (%) (n=300)EAs after 1st and 2nd dose (%)Exacerbations (%)APS25714EDS45033IIM10527MCTD44225SS12598SLE44698SSC16492UCTD850-AcknowledgementsVACCINATE is a study promoted by the European Reference Network on rare and complex connective tissue diseases, ERN ReCONNET. This publication was funded by the European Union’s Health Programme (2014-2020)Disclosure of InterestsNone declared
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Iezzi R, Casà C, Posa A, Cornacchione P, Carchesio F, Boldrini L, Tanzilli A, Cerrito L, Fionda B, Longo V, Miele L, Lancellotta V, Cellini F, Tran HE, Ponziani FR, Giuliante F, Rapaccini GL, Grieco A, Pompili M, Gasbarrini A, Valentini V, Gambacorta MA, Tagliaferri L, Manfredi R. Project for interventional Oncology LArge-database in liveR Hepatocellular carcinoma - Preliminary CT-based radiomic analysis (POLAR Liver 1.1). Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2022; 26:2891-2899. [PMID: 35503635 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202204_28620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to find a contrast-enhanced CT-radiomic signature to predict clinical incomplete response in patients affected by hepatocellular carcinoma who underwent locoregional treatments. PATIENTS AND METHODS 190 patients affected by hepatocellular carcinoma treated using focal therapies (radiofrequency or microwave ablation) from September 2018 to October 2020 were retrospectively enrolled. Treatment response was evaluated on a per-target-nodule basis on the 6-months follow-up contrast-enhanced CT or MR imaging using the mRECIST criteria. Radiomics analysis was performed using an in-house developed open-source R library. Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was applied for univariate analysis; features with a p-value lower than 0.05 were selected. Pearson correlation was applied to discard highly correlated features (cut-off=0.9). The remaining features were included in a logistic regression model and receiver operating characteristic curves; sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were also computed. The model was validated performing 2000 bootstrap resampling. RESULTS 56 treated lesions from 42 patients were selected. Treatment responses were: complete response for 26 lesions (46.4%), 18 partial responses (32.1%), 10 stable diseases (17.9%), 2 progression diseases (3.6%). Area-Under-Curve value was 0.667 (95% CI: 0.527-0.806); accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were respectively 0.66, 0.85, 0.50, 0.59 and 0.79. CONCLUSIONS This contrast-enhanced CT-based model can be helpful to early identify poor responder's hepatocellular carcinoma patients and personalize treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Iezzi
- Dipartimento di Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia - U.O.C. Radiologia Diagnostica e Interventistica Generale, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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Cioffi R, Mangili G, Sarais V, Bergamini A, Vanni VS, Pagliardini L, Signorelli S, Cervini L, Longo V, Candiani M, Papaleo E. P–432 Do stage and grade of malignancy impact fertility preservation in breast cancer patients? Hum Reprod 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deab130.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Do stage and grade of breast cancer impact the number of retrieved mature oocytes during controlled ovarian stimulation for fertility preservation?
Summary answer
Stage and grade of breast cancer do not impact the number of retrieved mature oocytes. Higher grade breast cancer requires higher gonadotropin doses during stimulation.
What is known already
Cancer can impair ovarian response by unknown mechanisms. Some authors suggest that it could be detrimental on fertility because it elicits a catabolic state, increasing stress hormone levels. Some studies have also shown that ovarian response to controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) is, in some way, compromised in oncological patients. Little is known about the impact of different types of cancer on ovarian reserve, and specifically whether higher stage and grade could compromise egg retrieval during fertility preservation (FP) techniques. Study design, size, duration: Retrospective cohort study evaluating data of FP treatment cycles among women with breast cancer at the Oncofertility Unit of San Raffaele Hospital, Milan in the period from 2011 to 2019.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Inclusion criteria were: breast cancer diagnosis; age 22–41; oocyte cryopreservation after stimulation with a random start GnRH-antagonist protocol. Patients receiving chemotherapy before FP were excluded. We compared outcomes between low-stage (stage I) and high-stage (stage II-III) patients and low-grade (G1-G2) and high-grade (G3) patients. Main study outcome was the total number of retrieved mature oocytes. Univariate analysis was performed by Mann-Whitney test, Kruskal-Wallis test and Fisher’s exact test. Multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression.
Main results and the role of chance
101 stimulation cycles were included. High-stage disease patients were significantly younger than low-stage. Median antral follicle count (AFC) was 12 in low-stage and 10 in high-stage (age-adjusted p = 0.92) and median anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) levels were 1.9 ug/L in low-stage and 1.8 ug/L in high-stage (age-adjusted p = 0.22). No significant difference in stimulation protocols and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) start and total dose could be detected between the 2 groups. Median number of vitrified oocytes was 7 in both groups (p = 0.75). No significant difference could be observed in median AFC (13 vs 10, p = 0.14) and AMH levels (2.1 vs 1.5, p = 0.88) between low-grade and high-grade disease patients. When adjusting for age, AFC was found to be significantly lower in high-grade disease patients (p = 0.03). Patients with high-grade tumors were stimulated with higher doses of FSH (age-adjusted p-value=0.03). Median number of vitrified oocytes was 6 in low-grade patients and 7 in high-grade (p = 0.35). In a multivariate model including age, cancer stage, cancer grade and molecular classification, the only significant factor found to be inversely associated with AFC was cancer grade (OR 3.6; 95% CI 0.7 – 6.5, p = 0.01), while only age was significantly associated with oocyte retrieval (OR 0.4; 95% CI 0.01 – 0.9, p = 0.04).
Limitations, reasons for caution
The main limitations of our study are its retrospective design and the small sample size.
Wider implications of the findings: Fertility preservation counselling and ovarian stimulation protocols of breast cancer patients could be implemented with cancer grade.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- R Cioffi
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Milan, Italy
| | - G Mangili
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Milan, Italy
| | - V Sarais
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Milan, Italy
| | - A Bergamini
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Milan, Italy
| | - V S Vanni
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Milan, Italy
| | - L Pagliardini
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Milan, Italy
| | - S Signorelli
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Milan, Italy
| | - L Cervini
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Milan, Italy
| | - V Longo
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Milan, Italy
| | - M Candiani
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Milan, Italy
| | - E Papaleo
- San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Milan, Italy
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Pizzutilo P, Catino A, Montrone M, Longo V, Ricci D, Pesola F, Marech I, Mastrandrea A, Petrillo P, Zacheo A, Varesano N, Lamorgese V, Bafunno D, Galetta D. P75.14 Gender-Related Safety and Outcome in Advanced NSCLC Patients Treated with Immune Checkpoint-Inhibitors. A Real-World Experience. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.1048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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12
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Catino A, Bafunno D, Cormio C, Romito F, Minoia C, Loseto G, Dellino M, Opinto G, Silvestris E, Guarini A, Giotta F, Latorre A, Montrone M, Pizzutilo P, Longo V, Mastrandrea A, Ricci D, Pesola F, Galetta D. FP06.04 Psychological Distress in Outpatients with Lymphoma, Lung and Breast Cancer during COVID-19 pandemic. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [PMCID: PMC7976877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Guida JL, Agurs-Collins T, Ahles TA, Campisi J, Dale W, Demark-Wahnefried W, Dietrich J, Fuldner R, Gallicchio L, Green PA, Hurria A, Janelsins MC, Jhappan C, Kirkland JL, Kohanski R, Longo V, Meydani S, Mohile S, Niedernhofer LJ, Nelson C, Perna F, Schadler K, Scott JM, Schrack JA, Tracy RP, van Deursen J, Ness KK. Strategies to Prevent or Remediate Cancer and Treatment-Related Aging. J Natl Cancer Inst 2021; 113:112-122. [PMID: 32348501 PMCID: PMC7850536 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 85% of adult cancer survivors and 99% of adult survivors of childhood cancer live with an accumulation of chronic conditions, frailty, and/or cognitive impairments resulting from cancer and its treatment. Thus, survivors often show an accelerated development of multiple geriatric syndromes and need therapeutic interventions. To advance progress in this area, the National Cancer Institute convened the second of 2 think tanks under the auspices of the Cancer and Accelerated Aging: Advancing Research for Healthy Survivors initiative. Experts assembled to share evidence of promising strategies to prevent, slow, or reverse the aging consequences of cancer and its treatment. The meeting identified research and resource needs, including geroscience-guided clinical trials; comprehensive assessments of functional, cognitive, and psychosocial vulnerabilities to assess and predict age-related outcomes; preclinical and clinical research to determine the optimal dosing for behavioral (eg, diet, exercise) and pharmacologic (eg, senolytic) therapies; health-care delivery research to evaluate the efficacy of integrated cancer care delivery models; optimization of intervention implementation, delivery, and uptake; and patient and provider education on cancer and treatment-related late and long-term adverse effects. Addressing these needs will expand knowledge of aging-related consequences of cancer and cancer treatment and inform strategies to promote healthy aging of cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Guida
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Tanya Agurs-Collins
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Tim A Ahles
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Judith Campisi
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Jorg Dietrich
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rebecca Fuldner
- Division of Aging Biology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa Gallicchio
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Paige A Green
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | | | - Michelle C Janelsins
- Department of Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chamelli Jhappan
- Division of Cancer Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - James L Kirkland
- Robert and Arlene Kogod Center on Aging, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ronald Kohanski
- Division of Aging Biology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Valter Longo
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- IFOM Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Simin Meydani
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutritional Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Supriya Mohile
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Laura J Niedernhofer
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, Institute on the Biology of Aging and Metabolism, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Christian Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frank Perna
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Keri Schadler
- Department of Pediatrics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Jennifer A Schrack
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Russell P Tracy
- Departments of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, and Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Colchester, VT, USA
| | | | - Kirsten K Ness
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer Control, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Yen K, Mehta HH, Kim SJ, Lue Y, Hoang J, Guerrero N, Port J, Bi Q, Navarrete G, Brandhorst S, Lewis KN, Wan J, Swerdloff R, Mattison JA, Buffenstein R, Breton CV, Wang C, Longo V, Atzmon G, Wallace D, Barzilai N, Cohen P. The mitochondrial derived peptide humanin is a regulator of lifespan and healthspan. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11185-11199. [PMID: 32575074 PMCID: PMC7343442 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Humanin is a member of a new family of peptides that are encoded by short open reading frames within the mitochondrial genome. It is conserved in animals and is both neuroprotective and cytoprotective. Here we report that in C. elegans the overexpression of humanin is sufficient to increase lifespan, dependent on daf-16/Foxo. Humanin transgenic mice have many phenotypes that overlap with the worm phenotypes and, similar to exogenous humanin treatment, have increased protection against toxic insults. Treating middle-aged mice twice weekly with the potent humanin analogue HNG, humanin improves metabolic healthspan parameters and reduces inflammatory markers. In multiple species, humanin levels generally decline with age, but here we show that levels are surprisingly stable in the naked mole-rat, a model of negligible senescence. Furthermore, in children of centenarians, who are more likely to become centenarians themselves, circulating humanin levels are much greater than age-matched control subjects. Further linking humanin to healthspan, we observe that humanin levels are decreased in human diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and MELAS (Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like episodes). Together, these studies are the first to demonstrate that humanin is linked to improved healthspan and increased lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Yen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hemal H. Mehta
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Su-Jeong Kim
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - YanHe Lue
- Department of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - James Hoang
- Department of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Noel Guerrero
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Jenna Port
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Qiuli Bi
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Gerardo Navarrete
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Sebastian Brandhorst
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Noel Lewis
- Department of Physiology, The Barshop Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Junxiang Wan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Ronald Swerdloff
- Department of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Julie A. Mattison
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging, Dickerson, MD 20892, USA
| | - Rochelle Buffenstein
- Department of Physiology, The Barshop Institute, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
- Calico Life Sciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Carrie V. Breton
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, USC, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Christina Wang
- Department of Medicine, The Lundquist Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA
| | - Valter Longo
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Gil Atzmon
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
- Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Natural Science, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Douglas Wallace
- Center for Mitochondrial and Epigenomic Medicine, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Ingegnoli F, Ubiali T, Schioppo T, Longo V, Iodice S, Favalli EG, De Lucia O, Murgo A, Bollati V, Caporali R. AB0229 SHORT-TERM EXPOSURE TO OUTDOOR AIR POLLUTANTS AND RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS ACTIVITY IN METROPOLITAN AREAS IN THE NORTH OF ITALY. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.2757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Air pollution is believed to cause oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, that could trigger autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Several epidemiological studies investigated the possible role of air pollution in the outbreak of RA with controversial results. As far as we know, studies on the effects on disease activity of short-term exposure have not been published.Objectives:To evaluate the impact of short-term exposure to air pollutants (daily mean PM10, PM2.5, NO2and O3) on disease activity in patients with RA.Methods:Consecutive patients with RA (ACR/EULAR Criteria 2010) resident in Lombardy (Italy) were enrolled. In each patient Disease Activity Score on 28 joints (DAS28), Simple Disease Activity Index (SDAI) were assessed. Daily PM10, PM2.5, NO2and O3concentrations, estimated by Regional Environmental Protection Agency at municipality resolution, were used to assign short-term exposure from day of visit back to 14 days. Multivariable linear regression models were performed to identify the day of the pollutants independently associated with disease activity indices, adjusting for the variables significant at the univariate analysis. β coefficients were reported for 1 μg/m3increments of pollutants’ concentrations.Results:422 RA patients were enrolled in the study between January and June 2018: 81.5% females, mean age 58.2±13.3 years, mean disease duration 16.1±11.5 years, 27.3% current smokers, 59.5% RF positivity, 54.5% ACPA positivity. Sparse punctual statistically significant negative associations emerged at the multivariate analysis between PM10, PM2.5, NO2and the outcomes, although with very low estimates, whereas positive associations resulted for O3.Afterwards patients were stratified in 3 subgroups according to their ongoing treatment (no therapy, n=25, conventional synthetic Disease Modifying anti-Rheumatic Drugs -DMARDs-, n=108 and biological or targeted synthetic DMARDs, n=289). A statistical significance was found by analysing the influence of therapy on the interaction between PM2.5and DAS28 (Figure below): a positive trend between PM2.5and DAS28 appeared in the first two groups (no therapy, 0.013±0.007, p=0.06 and csDMARDs, 0.006±0.004, p=0.17), whereas a statistically significant inverse association was seen in the b/tsDMARDs group (-0.005±0.002, p=0.01). Therapy interaction was particularly evident in several days before the visit also for O3.Conclusion:The changes of the outcome measures related to the increase of the pollutants’ levels did not reach the minimal clinically important difference, therefore air pollution seems barely relevant on disease activity once the loss of tolerance is established in RA. O3and PM/NO2always exhibit an opposite performance having inversely proportional atmospheric concentrations, whereas the biological role of this substance is still matter of debate and will need further understanding. Therapy seems to be able to interact with the relation between air pollutants and the parameters considered.Disclosure of Interests:Francesca Ingegnoli: None declared, Tania Ubiali: None declared, Tommaso Schioppo: None declared, Valentina Longo: None declared, Simona Iodice: None declared, Ennio Giulio Favalli Consultant of: Consultant and/or speaker for BMS, Eli-Lilly, MSD, UCB, Pfizer, Sanofi-Genzyme, Novartis, and Abbvie, Speakers bureau: Consultant and/or speaker for BMS, Eli-Lilly, MSD, UCB, Pfizer, Sanofi-Genzyme, Novartis, and Abbvie, Orazio De Lucia: None declared, Antonella Murgo: None declared, Valentina Bollati: None declared, Roberto Caporali Consultant of: AbbVie; Gilead Sciences, Inc.; Lilly; Merck Sharp & Dohme; Celgene; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Pfizer; UCB, Speakers bureau: Abbvie; Bristol-Myers Squibb; Celgene; Lilly; Gilead Sciences, Inc; MSD; Pfizer; Roche; UCB
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Maniaci G, La Cascia C, Giammanco A, Ferraro L, Chianetta R, Di Peri R, Sardella Z, Citarrella R, Mannella Y, Larcan S, Montana S, Mirisola MG, Longo V, Rizzo M, La Barbera D. Efficacy of a fasting-mimicking diet in functional therapy for depression: A randomised controlled pilot trial. J Clin Psychol 2020; 76:1807-1817. [PMID: 32394438 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This randomized controlled trial examined the efficacy of adding a fasting-mimicking diet to a structured psychotherapy protocol for treating depression. DESIGN Of 20 patients with depression, 10 were randomly assigned to psychotherapy and dieting (i.e., experimental group) and the other 10 to psychotherapy only (i.e., control group). Patients in both groups received 20 individual sessions of functional therapy along with nutrition consultation. Patients in the control group were instructed to maintain their usual daily diets. RESULTS Both treatments were effective in reducing depression as well as increasing self-esteem and quality of life. The experimental group showed improved self-esteem and psychological quality of life as well as a reduction in their mean body mass index, in comparison to the control group. CONCLUSIONS The study revealed initial evidence of the efficacy of combining psychotherapy with a fasting-mimicking diet to treat depression and its correlates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Maniaci
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Caterina La Cascia
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessandra Giammanco
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Laura Ferraro
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Chianetta
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother, and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Peri
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Zaira Sardella
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto Citarrella
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother, and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Yuri Mannella
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Stefania Larcan
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Simonetta Montana
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Mario G Mirisola
- Department of Surgical, Oncological, and Oral Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Valter Longo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.,IFOM FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother, and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele La Barbera
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biomedicine, Neuroscience, and Advanced Diagnostic (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Buono R, Tucci J, Cutri R, Guidi N, Mangul S, Pellegrini M, Fruman DA, Mittelman SD, Longo V. Fasting Mimicking Diet promotes immunotherapy-associated changes and inhibits autophagy to promote cancer free survival in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia models. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.240.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
One of the new therapeutic strategy to promote cancer free survival is to combine dietary intervention like fasting or fasting mimicking diets (FMDs) with cancer treatments. FMDs enhance the efficacy of a wide variety of therapies ranging from chemotherapy to kinase inhibitors to immunotherapy, weakening cancer cells while protecting normal cells and tissues.
In this work we show that FMD in combination with vincristine (VC), enhance the death of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) by inhibition of autophagy and induction of apoptosis by p53 modulation and activation of caspase-3. Our data indicates that a periodic FMD increases the efficacy of VC and extends the cancer free survival of an in-vivo mouse syngeneic pre-B ALL model. We identify in human and mice leukemic cells that the autophagy inhibition is the mechanism used by FMD to potentiate the cytotoxic effect of VC. Finally, in vivo treatment of FMD+VC with an autophagy inhibitor shows a synergistic effect on increasing survival in ALL mice.
Furthermore, FMD induces activation of anticancer immunity. The gene expression profile consistent with anti-cancer immune responses resulting from VC plus FMD together with accelerated cancer progression when these treatments were combined with anti-CD8 antibodies indicate a central role of the immune system in these effects. Thus, the inhibition of autophagy and enhancement of immune responses are responsible for the ability of FMD to promote cancer free survival in ALL mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Buono
- 1Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine
| | - Jonathan Tucci
- 2Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles
| | - Raffaello Cutri
- 3Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California
| | - Novella Guidi
- 3Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California
| | - Serghei Mangul
- 4Department of Computer Science, University of California Los Angeles
| | | | - David A Fruman
- 1Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine
| | | | - Valter Longo
- 3Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California
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Guevara-Aguirre J, Teran E, Lescano D, Guevara A, Guevara C, Longo V, Gavilanes AWD. Growth hormone receptor deficiency in humans associates to obesity, increased body fat percentage, a healthy brain and a coordinated insulin sensitivity. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 51:58-64. [PMID: 32145513 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2020.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have shown that subjects with Laron syndrome (LS) due to growth hormone receptor deficiency (GHRD) and their relatives have comparable brain structure and function; moreover, the brain of individuals affected with GHRD appears like those of younger people. While the functionally absent growth hormone receptor and the diminished concentrations of the insulin-like growth factor-I have been associated to these findings, the role of the insulin-glucose axis is emerging as an unavoidable consideration when determining the aetiology of these observations. In consequence, we decided to search for the potential and discrete associations between the neurological findings and several parameters of carbohydrate metabolism that might exist in the subjects affected with GHRD. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Individuals affected with GHRD were compared to relative controls. Besides standard measures of anthropometry, body composition and brain characteristics, the elements of the carbohydrate metabolism (CHO), including glucose, insulin, triacylglycerol and the free insulin growth factor binding protein 1 (IGFBP1) concentrations were determined. In addition, the correlations existing between the parameters of CHO and brain characteristics were established. RESULTS Besides the phenotypical characteristics of GHRD subjects, including those of brain structure and function, enhanced insulin sensitivity, and other minor, we observed that the insulin-regulated IGFBP1 had a consistent negative correlation with the main elements of the carbohydrate metabolism only in the individuals affected with the disease, and not in their relatives. CONCLUSIONS When compared to their relatives, subjects with GHRD who lack the counter-regulatory effects of GH on the insulin axis, despite their increased risk factor profile due to obesity and increased body fat percentage, have a healthy and younger looking brain associated to an enhanced and coordinated insulin sensitivity. Furthermore, it was observed that in the GHRD subjects IGFBP1 negatively correlates, in a constant and systematic manner, with the main elements of the CHO metabolism. These observations suggest a direct relationship between an efficient insulin sensitivity and a healthy brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Guevara-Aguirre
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbaya, Quito, Ecuador; Instituto de Endocrinología IEMYR, Quito, Ecuador; Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands..
| | - Enrique Teran
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbaya, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Daniela Lescano
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Diego de Robles s/n y Pampite, Cumbaya, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | | | - Valter Longo
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Kosior-Korzecka U, Wojcik M, Longo V, Puzio I, Nowakiewicz A, Patkowski K, Gregula-Kania M. Changes in growth hormone secretion and leptin receptor mRNA expression under the influence of leptin and adrenocorticotropin in pituitary cells of early weaned ewe lambs. J Physiol Pharmacol 2019; 70. [PMID: 31642814 DOI: 10.26402/jpp.2019.4.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Early weaning of ewe lambs strongly stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and is associated with suppressed growth rate despite the increased food intake. At the same time, plasma leptin concentration increases only slightly or undetectably. To better understand this atypical interdependence among somatic stress, leptin, and lamb growth rate, we analyzed impact of leptin and/or adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) on growth hormone (GH) secretion as well as the effect of ACTH on mRNA expression of two splice variants of leptin receptor (LEPRa, LEPRb) in pituitary cells isolated from early weaned ewe lambs. The GH secretion under the influence of leptin and/or ACTH depended on the timing of exposure and hormone concentration. After 6 - 30 h, GH secretion increased under 10-11 - 10-8 M leptin (P ≤ 0.05). However, after 24 - 30 h, GH secretion significantly increased only in cells exposed to both leptin and ACTH compared to culture with leptin only. Simultaneously, there was a significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in leptin receptor mRNA expression under the influence of ACTH at 10-8 - 10-6 M after 12 - 30 and 24 - 30 h for LEPRa and LEPRb, respectively. ACTH-related downregulation of LEPR mRNA was associated with a significant (P ≤ 0.05) reduction in leptin-stimulated GH secretion, also after 24 - 30 hours. Thus, the timing of ACTH exposure, followed by decreased leptin receptor mRNA, converged with the timing of decreased GH secretion under the influence of leptin with ACTH. The ACTH-induced downregulation of LEPR mRNA therefore may underlie the decrease in GH. These results show a direct role for leptin, ACTH, and leptin receptor expression in modulation of pituitary GH secretion in early weaned ewe lambs. During the early weaning-induced stress response, the ACTH-mediated decrease in sensitivity of pituitary cells to leptin may abolish a stimulatory effect of leptin on GH secretion and explain in part, the reduction in lamb growth rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Kosior-Korzecka
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
| | - M Wojcik
- Sub-Department of Pathophysiology, Department of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - V Longo
- National Research Council (CNR), The Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology (IBBA) - Research Unit of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - I Puzio
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - A Nowakiewicz
- Sub-Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - K Patkowski
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Biodiversity Conservation, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - M Gregula-Kania
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Biodiversity Conservation, Faculty of Biology, Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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Longo V, Forleo A, Capone S, Scoditti E, Carluccio MA, Siciliano P, Massaro M. In vitro profiling of endothelial volatile organic compounds under resting and pro-inflammatory conditions. Metabolomics 2019; 15:132. [PMID: 31583479 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1602-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The evaluation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emitted by human body offers a unique tool to set up new non-invasive devices for early diagnosis and long-lasting monitoring of most human diseases. However, their cellular origin and metabolic fate have not been completely elucidated yet, thus limiting their clinical application. Endothelium acts as an interface between blood and surrounding tissues. As such, it adapts its physiology in response to different environmental modifications thus playing a role in the pathogenesis of many metabolic and inflammatory diseases. OBJECTIVES Since endothelium specifically reshapes its physiologic functions upon environmental changes the objective of this study was to evaluate if and how pro-inflammatory stimuli affect VOC metabolism in endothelial cell in culture. METHODS Gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection was applied to profile VOCs in the headspace of cultured endothelial cells (EC) in the absence or presence of the pro-inflammatory stimulus lipopolysaccharide (LPS). RESULTS We observed that, under resting conditions, EC affected the amount of 58 VOCs belonging to aldehyde, alkane and ketone families. Among these, LPS significantly altered the amount of 15 VOCs. ROC curves show a perfect performance (AUC = 1) for 10 metabolites including 1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol and 2-ethyl-1-hexanol. DISCUSSION The emission and uptake of the aforementioned VOCs disclose potential unexplored metabolic pathways for EC that deserve to be investigated. Overall, we identified new candidate VOC potentially exploitable, upon experimental confirm in in vivo model of disease, as potential biomarkers of sepsis and pro-inflammatory clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Longo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Lecce, Italy.
| | - A Forleo
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Lecce, Italy
| | - S Capone
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Lecce, Italy
| | - E Scoditti
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - M A Carluccio
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy
| | - P Siciliano
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute for Microelectronics and Microsystems, Lecce, Italy
| | - M Massaro
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Clinical Physiology, Lecce, Italy.
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Storlazzi C, Longo V, Tommasi S, Tolomeo D, Traversa D, Visci G, Lonoce A, Macchia G, Labbate A, D’addabbo P, Pizzutilo P, Muscarella L, Petriella D, Lacalamita R, Zito F, Botticella M, Catino A, Galetta D. Prognostic role of RLF/MYCL1 and circPVT1 in SCLC. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz264.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Catino A, De Gennaro G, Di Gilio A, Facchini L, Galetta D, Mongelli T, Palmisani J, Porcelli F, Varesano N, Pizzutilo P, Montrone M, Longo V, Del Bene G, Mastrandrea A, Pesola F, Ricci D, Petrillo P, Zacheo A. MA10.05 Breath Analysis: New Key-Challenges for Early Detection of Lung and Pleural Neoplasms. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Longo V, Catino A, Galetta D, Del Bene G, Lacalamita R, Montrone M, Pesola F, Petriella D, Pizzutilo P, Tommasi S. EP1.01-56 Co-Presentation of Adenocarcinoma and Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma Harbouring ALK Rearrangement in Different Sites. J Thorac Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2019.08.2028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Tralongo P, Bordonaro S, Lorenzo GD, Borsellino N, Facchini G, Rossetti S, Martelli V, Longo V, Tralongo A, Caspani F, Tuzi A, Spada M, Calvani N, Carlini P, De Giorgi U. Cabazitaxel for octogenarian patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (MCRPC). Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz248.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Agostini S, Visentin R, Pegoretti S, Laner S, Ress C, Pedrolli E, Annese F, Lotti A, Longo V, Caciagli P, Valentini A, Chierichetti F, Palermo A, Donner D, Frenguelli M. A clinical introduction of somatostatin receptor (SSTR) imaging with 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/TC. Nucl Med Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(19)30316-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Prelaj A, Rebuzzi S, Pizzutilo P, Bilancia M, Montrone M, Pesola F, Longo V, Del Bene G, Lapadula V, Cassano F, Petrillo P, Bafunno D, Varesano N, Lamorgese V, Mastranrdea A, Ricci D, Catino A, Galetta D. Time-series of peripheral blood biomarkers as biomarkers for immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) patients. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz067.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Prelaj A, Rebuzzi S, Pizzutilo P, Bilancia M, Montrone M, Pesola F, Longo V, Del Bene G, Lapadula V, Cassano F, Petrillo P, Bafunno D, Varesano N, Lamorgese V, Mastranrdea A, Ricci D, Catino A, Galetta D. Peripheral blood biomarkers as prognostic factors for immunotherapy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) patients. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz063.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Podda M, Longo V, Barbati S, Cocco S, Gironi K, Mattera A, Spinelli M, Grassi C. Primary motor cortex plasticity is enhanced by transcranial direct current stimulation in mice: underlying molecular mechanisms and impact on motor performance. Brain Stimul 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.12.467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Prelaj A, Rebuzzi S, Pizzutilo P, Montrone M, Pesola F, Longo V, Lapadula V, Cassano F, Petrillo P, Bafunno D, Varesano N, Lamorgese V, Mastrandrea A, Ricci D, Catino A, Domenico G. Predictive score using clinical and blood biomarkers in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (aNSCLC) patients treated with immunotherapy. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy493.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Yen K, Wan J, Mehta HH, Miller B, Christensen A, Levine ME, Salomon MP, Brandhorst S, Xiao J, Kim SJ, Navarrete G, Campo D, Harry GJ, Longo V, Pike CJ, Mack WJ, Hodis HN, Crimmins EM, Cohen P. Humanin Prevents Age-Related Cognitive Decline in Mice and is Associated with Improved Cognitive Age in Humans. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14212. [PMID: 30242290 PMCID: PMC6154958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32616-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced age is associated with a decline in cognitive function, likely caused by a combination of modifiable and non-modifiable factors such as genetics and lifestyle choices. Mounting evidence suggests that humanin and other mitochondrial derived peptides play a role in several age-related conditions including neurodegenerative disease. Here we demonstrate that humanin administration has neuroprotective effects in vitro in human cell culture models and is sufficient to improve cognition in vivo in aged mice. Furthermore, in a human cohort, using mitochondrial GWAS, we identified a specific SNP (rs2854128) in the humanin-coding region of the mitochondrial genome that is associated with a decrease in circulating humanin levels. In a large, independent cohort, consisting of a nationally-representative sample of older adults, we find that this SNP is associated with accelerated cognitive aging, supporting the concept that humanin is an important factor in cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Yen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Junxiang Wan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hemal H Mehta
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brendan Miller
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Amy Christensen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Morgan E Levine
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matthew P Salomon
- Department of Translational Molecular Medicine, John Wayne Cancer Institute at Providence Saint John's Health Center, Santa Monica, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian Brandhorst
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jialin Xiao
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Su-Jeong Kim
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gerardo Navarrete
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Campo
- Department of Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - G Jean Harry
- Neurotoxicology Group, National Toxicology Program Laboratory, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Valter Longo
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christian J Pike
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wendy J Mack
- Departments of Medicine and Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Howard N Hodis
- Departments of Medicine and Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California Atherosclerosis Research Unit, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Eileen M Crimmins
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Guidi N, Morselli M, Pellegrini M, Wei M, Longo V. Fasting Mimicking Diet-Induced Pluripotency and Epigenetic Reprogramming in Hematopoietic Stem Cells during Aging. Exp Hematol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2018.06.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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De Braud FG, Milano M, Fucà G, Mariani G, Capri G, Bianchi GV, Corsetto P, Longo V, Rivoltini L, Vernieri C. Safety and metabolic effects of cyclic fasting mimicking diet (FMD) in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.e14549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monica Milano
- Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fucà
- Medical Oncology Unit 2, Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Gabriella Mariani
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Capri
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Valter Longo
- IFOM the FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Licia Rivoltini
- Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Dorff TB, Shelechi M, Kang I, Morgan TE, Groshen SG, Yennu S, Garcia AA, Quinn DI, Longo V. A randomized phase II clinical trial of a fasting-mimic diet prior to chemotherapy to evaluate the impact on toxicity and efficacy. J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.tps10132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Irene Kang
- LAC and University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - Sriram Yennu
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Agustin A. Garcia
- Los Angeles County Hospital/ University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - David I. Quinn
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Valter Longo
- USC Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA
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Longo V. Interview with Professor Valter Longo. FEMS Yeast Res 2017; 21:4654847. [PMID: 29186374 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/fox052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Valter Longo
- Uiversity of Southern California, Los Angeles and IFOM Institute, MIlan
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35
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Vernieri C, Milano M, Mennitto A, Fucà G, Rinaldi L, Ferrari B, Capri G, Mariani G, Bianchi G, Longo V, de Braud F. Safety and metabolic effects of the fasting mimicking diet in cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx436.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Cito P, Rinaldi A, Pisconti S, Longo V. Taxane-rechallenge in HER2-positive breast cancer patients who develop an oligo-progression during pertuzumab-trastuzumab maintenance therapy. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx424.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
Aging represents the major risk factor for cancer. Cancer and aging are characterized by a similar dysregulated metabolism consisting in upregulation of glycolysis and downmodulation of oxidative phosphorylation. In this respect, metabolic interventions can be viewed as promising strategies to promote longevity and to prevent or delay age-related disorders including cancer. In this review, we discuss the most promising metabolic approaches including chronic calorie restriction, periodic fasting/fasting-mimicking diets, and pharmacological interventions mimicking calorie restriction. Metabolic interventions can also be viewed as adjuvant anticancer strategies to be combined to standard cancer therapy (chemotherapeutic agents, ionizing radiation, and drugs with specific molecular target), whose major limiting factors are represented by toxicity against healthy cells but also limited efficacy easily circumvented by tumor cells. In fact, conventional cancer therapy is unable to distinguish normal and cancerous cells and thus causes toxic side effects including secondary malignancies, cardiovascular and respiratory complications, endocrinopathies, and other chronic conditions, that resemble and, in some cases, accelerate the age-related disorders and profoundly affect the quality of life. In this scenario, geroscience contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms of protection of normal cells against a cytotoxic agent and finding strategies focused on the preserving healthy cells while enhancing the efficacy of the treatment against malignant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Raffaghello
- Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - V Longo
- Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano, Italy.
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Galizia D, Martinello R, Cagnazzo C, Foresto M, Gallizioli S, Longo V, Berchialla P, Solinas G, Calori A, Volpone C, Parola G, Tealdi G, Ballari A, Montemurro F. Abstract P5-11-01: Self-evaluation of duration of adjuvant chemotherapy side effects in breast cancer patients: A prospective study. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p5-11-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Collection and analysis of chemotherapy-related side-effects (CSE) is critical in the management of cancer patients (pts) both in experimental trials and in the clinical practice. Usually, most of the available conventional systems like the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) capture CSE severity but not their duration. Recently we observed that self-evaluation of CSE incidence and severity by a CTCAE v4.0-based questionnaire was feasible and potentially more informative than doctor reports in pts undergoing standard adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT) for operable breast cancer (Montemurro et al., JAMA Oncol 2; 445-452, 2016). Our questionnaire had also a section for reporting, for each of the considered CSE, day of onset, duration and whether it was still present at the time of the visit. Here we report the analysis of patient self-evaluation of CSE duration.
Methods: The study prospectively enrolled 604 pts receiving ACT for operable breast cancer between January 2011 and October 2013 at 11 sites in Italy. CTCAE v4.0 definitions of grade of severity for nausea, vomiting, constipation, anorexia, dysgeusia, diarrhea, fatigue, pain, paresthesia, and dyspnea were translated into Italian and rephrased. Questionnaires were administered after the first and third cycle of chemotherapy. At each time-point, information on CSE was extracted from the medical charts and compared to patient questionnaires.
Results: Overall 1177 questionnaires were collected, 596 after cycle 1 and 581 after cycle 3 of ACT. A median of 82% of the fields was completely filled-in. 594 and 573 pts-questionnaires had a corresponding MD-questionnaire. Comparison of CSE duration after cycle 1 of chemotherapy as self-assessed by pts versus that reported by doctors is summarized in the table. For all CSE, patient reported longer duration than doctors did. Comparisons of reports after cycle 3 were similar.
PatientsDoctors Item (available paried data)Incidence (%)Mean duration* (SD)Incidence 8%)Mean Duration* (SD)P**Nausea (538)673.7 (3.6)401.6 (2.6)<0.01Vomiting (571)221.8 (1.7)111.2 (1.8)<0.01Constipation (546)492.7 (3.4)121.0 (2.9)<0.01Anorexia (563)533.8 (4.2)71.0 (1.9)<0.01Dysgeusia (556)505.0 (5.7)81.0 (4.1)<0.01Diarrhea (568)152.4 (2.8)40.9 (1.8)<0.01Fatigue (533)756.7 (5.2)250.9 (2.5)<0.01Pain (518)323.6 (4.4)100.5 (2.4)<0.01Paresthesia (582)232.9 (5.2)35.2 (0.8)<0.01Dyspnea (574)256.2 (5.6)25.0 (1.8)<0.01 *5% trimmed mean, ** Student T test for paired samples
Conclusions: self-reporting of CSE duration is feasible in patients receiving ACT after breast cancer surgery by using a CTCAE-derived questionnaire. Because doctors tend to underestimate both incidence and duration of CSE, patient-reported outcomes should be incorporated into the clinical practice because of the potential to provide a better estimate of the total burden of CSE.
Supporte by a grant of the Rete Oncologica Del Piemonte e della Valle d'Aosta.
Citation Format: Galizia D, Martinello R, Cagnazzo C, Foresto M, Gallizioli S, Longo V, Berchialla P, Solinas G, Calori A, Volpone C, Parola G, Tealdi G, Ballari A, Montemurro F. Self-evaluation of duration of adjuvant chemotherapy side effects in breast cancer patients: A prospective study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-11-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Galizia
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Sant'Anna, Turin, Italy; University of Turin, Turin; Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Locale Verbano, Cusio, Ossola, Verbania, Italy; Azienda ASO Santa Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - R Martinello
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Sant'Anna, Turin, Italy; University of Turin, Turin; Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Locale Verbano, Cusio, Ossola, Verbania, Italy; Azienda ASO Santa Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - C Cagnazzo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Sant'Anna, Turin, Italy; University of Turin, Turin; Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Locale Verbano, Cusio, Ossola, Verbania, Italy; Azienda ASO Santa Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - M Foresto
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Sant'Anna, Turin, Italy; University of Turin, Turin; Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Locale Verbano, Cusio, Ossola, Verbania, Italy; Azienda ASO Santa Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - S Gallizioli
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Sant'Anna, Turin, Italy; University of Turin, Turin; Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Locale Verbano, Cusio, Ossola, Verbania, Italy; Azienda ASO Santa Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - V Longo
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Sant'Anna, Turin, Italy; University of Turin, Turin; Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Locale Verbano, Cusio, Ossola, Verbania, Italy; Azienda ASO Santa Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - P Berchialla
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Sant'Anna, Turin, Italy; University of Turin, Turin; Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Locale Verbano, Cusio, Ossola, Verbania, Italy; Azienda ASO Santa Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - G Solinas
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Sant'Anna, Turin, Italy; University of Turin, Turin; Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Locale Verbano, Cusio, Ossola, Verbania, Italy; Azienda ASO Santa Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - A Calori
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Sant'Anna, Turin, Italy; University of Turin, Turin; Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Locale Verbano, Cusio, Ossola, Verbania, Italy; Azienda ASO Santa Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - C Volpone
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Sant'Anna, Turin, Italy; University of Turin, Turin; Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Locale Verbano, Cusio, Ossola, Verbania, Italy; Azienda ASO Santa Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - G Parola
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Sant'Anna, Turin, Italy; University of Turin, Turin; Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Locale Verbano, Cusio, Ossola, Verbania, Italy; Azienda ASO Santa Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - G Tealdi
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Sant'Anna, Turin, Italy; University of Turin, Turin; Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Locale Verbano, Cusio, Ossola, Verbania, Italy; Azienda ASO Santa Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - A Ballari
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Sant'Anna, Turin, Italy; University of Turin, Turin; Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Locale Verbano, Cusio, Ossola, Verbania, Italy; Azienda ASO Santa Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Molinette, Torino, Italy
| | - F Montemurro
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Sant'Anna, Turin, Italy; University of Turin, Turin; Ospedale Maggiore della Carità, Novara, Italy; Ospedale Cardinal Massaia, Asti, Italy; Azienda Sanitaria Locale Verbano, Cusio, Ossola, Verbania, Italy; Azienda ASO Santa Croce e Carle, Cuneo, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza Torino, Presidio Molinette, Torino, Italy
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Moskalev A, Anisimov V, Aliper A, Artemov A, Asadullah K, Belsky D, Baranova A, de Grey A, Dixit VD, Debonneuil E, Dobrovolskaya E, Fedichev P, Fedintsev A, Fraifeld V, Franceschi C, Freer R, Fülöp T, Feige J, Gems D, Gladyshev V, Gorbunova V, Irincheeva I, Jager S, Jazwinski SM, Kaeberlein M, Kennedy B, Khaltourina D, Kovalchuk I, Kovalchuk O, Kozin S, Kulminski A, Lashmanova E, Lezhnina K, Liu GH, Longo V, Mamoshina P, Maslov A, Pedro de Magalhaes J, Mitchell J, Mitnitski A, Nikolsky Y, Ozerov I, Pasyukova E, Peregudova D, Popov V, Proshkina E, Putin E, Rogaev E, Rogina B, Schastnaya J, Seluanov A, Shaposhnikov M, Simm A, Skulachev V, Skulachev M, Solovev I, Spindler S, Stefanova N, Suh Y, Swick A, Tower J, Gudkov AV, Vijg J, Voronkov A, West M, Wagner W, Yashin A, Zemskaya N, Zhumadilov Z, Zhavoronkov A. A review of the biomedical innovations for healthy longevity. Aging (Albany NY) 2017. [PMCID: PMC5310653 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Moskalev
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Anisimov
- Department of Carcinogenesis and Oncogerontology, N.N. Petrov Research Institute of Oncology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksander Aliper
- Pharmaceutical Artificial Intelligence Department, Insilico Medicine, ETC, B301, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Artem Artemov
- Pharmaceutical Artificial Intelligence Department, Insilico Medicine, ETC, B301, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | | | - Daniel Belsky
- Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Ancha Baranova
- School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, VA 20110, USA
| | - Aubrey de Grey
- SENS Research Foundation, 1 Beaconsfield Terrace, Cambridge, CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Vishwa Deep Dixit
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Eugenia Dobrovolskaya
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
| | - Peter Fedichev
- Gero Limited, International Commerce Center, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | - Vadim Fraifeld
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, POB 653, 8410501, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine (DIMES), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rosie Freer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Tamas Fülöp
- Department of Medicine, Research Center on Aging, Graduate Program in Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jerome Feige
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, EPFL Innovation Park, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - David Gems
- Institute of Healthy Ageing, and Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vadim Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Vera Gorbunova
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Irina Irincheeva
- Nutrition and Metabolic Health Group, Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Jager
- Open Research Department, L’Oreal, 93600 Aulnay-sous-Bois, France
| | - S. Michal Jazwinski
- Tulane Center for Aging and Department of Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, SL-12, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brian Kennedy
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Daria Khaltourina
- Department of the Integrated Prevention Programs, Federal State Institution "National Research Center for Preventive Medicine" of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 101990, Moscow, Russia
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Sergey Kozin
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | - Ksenia Lezhnina
- Pharmaceutical Artificial Intelligence Department, Insilico Medicine, ETC, B301, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Guang-Hui Liu
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Valter Longo
- Longevity Institute and Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Polina Mamoshina
- Pharmaceutical Artificial Intelligence Department, Insilico Medicine, ETC, B301, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Alexander Maslov
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Joao Pedro de Magalhaes
- Integrative Genomics of Ageing Group, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - James Mitchell
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Arnold Mitnitski
- Department of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Centre for Health Care of the Elderly-Suite 1305, 5955 Veterans' Memorial Lane Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2E1 Canada
| | - Yuri Nikolsky
- Biomedical Cluster, Skolkovo Foundation, Skolkovo, Russia
| | - Ivan Ozerov
- Pharmaceutical Artificial Intelligence Department, Insilico Medicine, ETC, B301, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Elena Pasyukova
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Darya Peregudova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
| | | | - Ekaterina Proshkina
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
| | - Evgeny Putin
- Computer Technologies Lab, ITMO University, St. Petersburg 197101, Russia
| | - Evgeny Rogaev
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - Blanka Rogina
- Institute for Systems Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Jane Schastnaya
- Pharmaceutical Artificial Intelligence Department, Insilico Medicine, ETC, B301, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
| | - Andrey Seluanov
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
| | - Andreas Simm
- Centre of Medical Basic Research, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Vladimir Skulachev
- Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim Skulachev
- Department of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya Solovev
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
| | - Stephen Spindler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Natalia Stefanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics of Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yousin Suh
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | | | - John Tower
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Andrei V. Gudkov
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
| | - Jan Vijg
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Andrey Voronkov
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141700, Russia
| | | | - Wolfgang Wagner
- Helmholtz-Institute for Biomedical Engineering, Stem Cell Biology and Cellular Engineering, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anatoliy Yashin
- Social Science Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Nadezhda Zemskaya
- Institute of Biology of Komi Science Center of Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Syktyvkar, 167982, Russia
| | | | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Pharmaceutical Artificial Intelligence Department, Insilico Medicine, ETC, B301, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Vernieri C, Casola S, Foiani M, Pietrantonio F, de Braud F, Longo V. Targeting Cancer Metabolism: Dietary and Pharmacologic Interventions. Cancer Discov 2016; 6:1315-1333. [PMID: 27872127 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-16-0615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Most tumors display oncogene-driven reprogramming of several metabolic pathways, which are crucial to sustain their growth and proliferation. In recent years, both dietary and pharmacologic approaches that target deregulated tumor metabolism are beginning to be considered for clinical applications. Dietary interventions exploit the ability of nutrient-restricted conditions to exert broad biological effects, protecting normal cells, organs, and systems, while sensitizing a wide variety of cancer cells to cytotoxic therapies. On the other hand, drugs targeting enzymes or metabolites of crucial metabolic pathways can be highly specific and effective, but must be matched with a responsive tumor, which might rapidly adapt. In this review, we illustrate how dietary and pharmacologic therapies differ in their effect on tumor growth, proliferation, and metabolism and discuss the available preclinical and clinical evidence in favor of or against each of them. We also indicate, when appropriate, how to optimize future investigations on metabolic therapies on the basis of tumor- and patient-related characteristics. SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge, this is the first review article that comprehensively analyzes the preclinical and preliminary clinical experimental foundations of both dietary and pharmacologic metabolic interventions in cancer therapy. Among several promising therapies, we propose treatment personalization on the basis of tumor genetics, tumor metabolism, and patient systemic metabolism.Cancer Discov; 6(12); 1315-33. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Vernieri
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy. .,Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Casola
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Foiani
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy.,Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo Pietrantonio
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Filippo de Braud
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Universita' degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valter Longo
- Fondazione Istituto FIRC di Oncologia Molecolare (IFOM), Milan, Italy. .,Longevity Institute, Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Defining what represents a macronutritionally balanced diet remains an open question and a high priority in nutrition research. Although the amount of protein may have specific effects, from a broader dietary perspective, the choice of protein sources will inevitably influence other components of diet and may be a critical determinant for the health outcome. OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of animal and plant protein intake with the risk for mortality. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This prospective cohort study of US health care professionals included 131 342 participants from the Nurses' Health Study (1980 to end of follow-up on June 1, 2012) and Health Professionals Follow-up Study (1986 to end of follow-up on January 31, 2012). Animal and plant protein intake was assessed by regularly updated validated food frequency questionnaires. Data were analyzed from June 20, 2014, to January 18, 2016. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Hazard ratios (HRs) for all-cause and cause-specific mortality. RESULTS Of the 131 342 participants, 85 013 were women (64.7%) and 46 329 were men (35.3%) (mean [SD] age, 49 [9] years). The median protein intake, as assessed by percentage of energy, was 14% for animal protein (5th-95th percentile, 9%-22%) and 4% for plant protein (5th-95th percentile, 2%-6%). After adjusting for major lifestyle and dietary risk factors, animal protein intake was not associated with all-cause mortality (HR, 1.02 per 10% energy increment; 95% CI, 0.98-1.05; P for trend = .33) but was associated with higher cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.08 per 10% energy increment; 95% CI, 1.01-1.16; P for trend = .04). Plant protein was associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR, 0.90 per 3% energy increment; 95% CI, 0.86-0.95; P for trend < .001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 0.88 per 3% energy increment; 95% CI, 0.80-0.97; P for trend = .007). These associations were confined to participants with at least 1 unhealthy lifestyle factor based on smoking, heavy alcohol intake, overweight or obesity, and physical inactivity, but not evident among those without any of these risk factors. Replacing animal protein of various origins with plant protein was associated with lower mortality. In particular, the HRs for all-cause mortality were 0.66 (95% CI, 0.59-0.75) when 3% of energy from plant protein was substituted for an equivalent amount of protein from processed red meat, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84-0.92) from unprocessed red meat, and 0.81 (95% CI, 0.75-0.88) from egg. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE High animal protein intake was positively associated with cardiovascular mortality and high plant protein intake was inversely associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, especially among individuals with at least 1 lifestyle risk factor. Substitution of plant protein for animal protein, especially that from processed red meat, was associated with lower mortality, suggesting the importance of protein source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Song
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Teresa T. Fung
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Simmons College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter C. Willett
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Valter Longo
- Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- IFOM, FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology, Milano, Italy
| | - Andrew T. Chan
- Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Edward L. Giovannucci
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Dorff TB, Groshen S, Garcia A, Shah M, Tsao-Wei D, Pham H, Cheng CW, Brandhorst S, Cohen P, Wei M, Longo V, Quinn DI. Safety and feasibility of fasting in combination with platinum-based chemotherapy. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:360. [PMID: 27282289 PMCID: PMC4901417 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Short-term starvation prior to chemotherapy administration protects mice against toxicity. We undertook dose-escalation of fasting prior to platinum-based chemotherapy to determine safety and feasibility in cancer patients. Methods 3 cohorts fasted before chemotherapy for 24, 48 and 72 h (divided as 48 pre-chemo and 24 post-chemo) and recorded all calories consumed. Feasibility was defined as ≥ 3/6 subjects in each cohort consuming ≤ 200 kcal per 24 h during the fast period without excess toxicity. Oxidative stress was evaluated in leukocytes using the COMET assay. Insulin, glucose, ketones, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and IGF binding proteins (IGFBPs) were measured as biomarkers of the fasting state. Results The median age of our 20 subjects was 61, and 85 % were women. Feasibility criteria were met. Fasting-related toxicities were limited to ≤ grade 2, most commonly fatigue, headache, and dizziness. The COMET assay indicated reduced DNA damage in leukocytes from subjects who fasted for ≥48 h (p = 0.08). There was a non-significant trend toward less grade 3 or 4 neutropenia in the 48 and 72 h cohorts compared to 24 h cohort (p = 0.17). IGF-1 levels decreased by 30, 33 and 8 % in the 24, 48 and 72 h fasting cohorts respectively after the first fasting period. Conclusion Fasting for 72 h around chemotherapy administration is safe and feasible for cancer patients. Biomarkers such as IGF-1 may facilitate assessment of differences in chemotherapy toxicity in subgroups achieving the physiologic fasting state. An onging randomized trial is studying the effect of 72 h of fasting. Trial registration NCT00936364, registered propectively on July 9, 2009. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2370-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya B Dorff
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Ave. #3440, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Susan Groshen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Ave, #4427, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, United States
| | - Agustin Garcia
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Ave. #3440, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Manali Shah
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Ave. #3440, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA
| | - Denice Tsao-Wei
- Department of Preventive Medicine, USC Keck School of Medicine, 1441 Eastlake Ave, #4427, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, United States
| | - Huyen Pham
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1441 Eastlake Ave, #3440, Los Angeles, 90033, CA, United States
| | - Chia-Wei Cheng
- Longevity Institute, University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, 90089, CA, United States
| | - Sebastian Brandhorst
- Longevity Institute, University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, 90089, CA, United States
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Longevity Institute, University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, 90089, CA, United States
| | - Min Wei
- Longevity Institute, University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, 90089, CA, United States
| | - Valter Longo
- Longevity Institute, University of Southern California Davis School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, 3715 McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, 90089, CA, United States.
| | - David I Quinn
- USC Keck School of Medicine, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, 1441 Eastlake Ave. #3440, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Chiappetta S, Ripa M, Galli L, Razzari C, Longo V, Galli A, Faioni EM, Nozza S, Lazzarin A, Tambussi G. Soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR) as an inflammatory biomarker in naive HIV-infected patients during ART. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016; 71:1627-31. [PMID: 26888911 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkw010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After the advent of ART, non-AIDS-related comorbidities are the main causes of death in HIV patients. Multiple biomarkers have been studied as markers of disease. We wanted to test soluble endothelial protein C receptor (sEPCR) in an HIV setting. OBJECTIVES The primary objective was to determine whether sEPCR decreases after 48 weeks of ART in naive HIV patients. Secondary objectives were to compare sEPCR levels between patients with chronic HIV infection (CHI) and primary HIV infection (PHI) and to analyse if there is a correlation between sEPCR and both immunovirological parameters and different markers of inflammation. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analysed sEPCR in 33 patients with CHI and 19 patients with PHI naive to ART. sEPCR was compared together with immunovirological parameters (HIV RNA and CD4 cell count) and IL-6 or D-dimer (DD). RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS After 48 weeks of ART, in CHI, the sEPCR decrease was significant (P = 0.0006) and sEPCR at baseline was correlated with both CD4 cell increase (r = +0.463, P = 0.007) and HIV RNA decrease (r = -0.363, P = 0.038). In PHI, sEPCR was stable (P = 0.35); there was a correlation between 48 week DD change and IL-6 change (r = +0.696, P = 0.0009) and also between 48 week DD change and sEPCR change (r = +0.553, P = 0.014). Despite the small sample size, we hypothesize that sEPCR levels reflect coagulant pathway activation caused by the endothelial damage during chronic infection more than a marker of the cytokine storm that occurs during PHI. Alternatively, in PHI, the link found between sEPCR and DD secondary to IL-6 suggests sEPCR is an indirect marker of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Chiappetta
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Medicina e Chirurgia, Milan, Italy
| | - M Ripa
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Medicina e Chirurgia, Milan, Italy
| | - L Galli
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - V Longo
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Galli
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - E M Faioni
- A. O. San Paolo, Milan, Italy DiSS, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - S Nozza
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - A Lazzarin
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Medicina e Chirurgia, Milan, Italy
| | - G Tambussi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Medicina e Chirurgia, Milan, Italy
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44
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Abstract
Caloric restriction is the most effective and reproducible dietary intervention known to regulate aging and increase the healthy lifespan in various model organisms, ranging from the unicellular yeast to worms, flies, rodents, and primates. However, caloric restriction, which in most cases entails a 20–40% reduction of food consumption relative to normal intake, is a severe intervention that results in both beneficial and detrimental effects. Specific types of chronic, intermittent, or periodic dietary restrictions without chronic caloric restriction have instead the potential to provide a significant healthspan increase while minimizing adverse effects. Improved periodic or targeted dietary restriction regimens that uncouple the challenge of food deprivation from the beneficial effects will allow a safe intervention feasible for a major portion of the population. Here we focus on healthspan interventions that are not chronic or do not require calorie restriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhan Lee
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Valter Longo
- Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; IFOM - FIRC Institute of Molecular Oncology Foundation, Milan, Italy
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45
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Raffaghello L, Bianchi G, Martella R, Marimpietri D, Petretto A, Inglese E, Amaro A, Pistoia V, Pfeffer U, Longo V. Abstract 1149: Consistency between genomic and proteomic profiles reveals novel molecular mechanisms of fasting antitumor activity. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2015-1149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background/Aim
Fasting or Short term Starvation (STS) represents a novel therapeutic strategy which appears to: i) protect normal but not tumor cells against the chemotherapy-mediated cytotoxicity, ii) induce a potent chemosensitizing effect in a wide range of experimental tumor model, and iii) be feasible, safe and able to reduce common side effects induced by chemotherapy in cancer patients. In addition, fasting alone has been shown to retard in vitro and in vivo tumor growth. However, the molecular mechanisms coupling STS with antitumor activity remain only partially understood. Thus, aim of this study is to investigate the modulation of the genomic and proteomic profiles by fasting in cancer cells with particular attention to elements involved in cell growth and metabolism signaling pathways.
Methods
Tumor cell lines were cultured under control (glucose: 1 g/L + 10% fetal bovine serum) or starved (glucose: 0.5 g/L + 1% fetal bovine serum) conditions for 48 hours. The in vitro viability of STS was tested by Trypan Blue staining and Annexin V apoptosis assay. Tumor cell proliferation was evaluated by 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine (BrdU) and Carboxyfluorescein Succinimidyl ester (CFSE) staining. Gene expression was tested by microarray analysis. Protein expression were studied by western blot and Label Free Quantitation (LFQ) on High Resolution/Mass Accuracy Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HR/MA LC MS/MS). Proteomic data were evaluated by network analysis using Cytoscape.
Results
In vitro experiments showed that STS significantly reduced cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. The latter effect was mediated by a fine regulation of genes and proteins involved in cell growth and metabolic signaling pathways. In particular, STS significantly reduced the expression of elements of PI3K/AKT pathway and glycolytic enzymes. This latter modulation likely occurred at the transcriptional level since the expression profiles of STS treated cells showed a clear down-regulation of the genes encoding these enzymes as compared to untreated controls. STS also down-regulated glutaminase both at the mRNA and protein level. In contrast, proteomic and genomic analyses of the expression of oxidative phosphorylation enzymes did not show a clear up-regulation effect by STS. Finally, preliminary data revealed that STS modulates genes and proteins involved in Jak/STAT, MAPK pathways and ubiquitin mediated proteolysis. Noteworthy, for 90% of genes down- or up-regulated by STS for which a protein was identified by HR/MA LC MS/MS, a corresponding mRNA level was modulated by STS with a similar trend.
Conclusions
Taken together, the genomic and proteomic profiles demonstrated that STS caused an anti-Warburg effect and downregulated proliferation and inflammatory pathways. These findings open a novel scenario in cancer treatment.
Citation Format: Lizzia Raffaghello, Giovanna Bianchi, Roberto Martella, Danilo Marimpietri, Andrea Petretto, Elvira Inglese, Adriana Amaro, Vito Pistoia, Ulrich Pfeffer, Valter Longo. Consistency between genomic and proteomic profiles reveals novel molecular mechanisms of fasting antitumor activity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1149. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1149
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanna Bianchi
- 1Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Roberto Martella
- 1Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Adriana Amaro
- 3Functional Genomics, IRCCS AOU SanMartino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Vito Pistoia
- 1Laboratory of Oncology, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Ulrich Pfeffer
- 3Functional Genomics, IRCCS AOU SanMartino-IST, Genoa, Italy
| | - Valter Longo
- 4Longevity Institute, School of Gerontology, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California,, Los Angeles, CA
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46
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Scuderi L, Caltabiano R, Torrisi GG, Longo V, Pavone A, De Pasquale R. Rowell syndrome. GIORN ITAL DERMAT V 2015; 150:346-349. [PMID: 25014582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L Scuderi
- Department of Dermatology, Policlinic-Vittorio Emanuele Hospital, Catania, Italy -
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47
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Sacco R, Pucci L, Sivozhelezov V, Pellegrini L, Giacomelli L, Longo V. Prevention of vascular damage with Lisosan G wheat extract: the in vitro basis for a clinical investigation. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2015; 19:1517-1519. [PMID: 25967728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Vascular damage and impairment play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Nutraceutical supplements might have a role in reducing vascular damage, provided that their efficacy is proven by controlled studies and is supported by a mechanistic rationale. Therefore, the use of nutraceutical supplements can have some effects also in the prevention of NFLD. Epidemiological evidence correlates the intake of whole grain and whole-grain products with a reduced occurrence of vascular disease. Lisosan G is a powder obtained from Triticum Sativum (wheat), which is registered with the Italian Ministry of Health as a nutritional supplement. In vivo, Lisosan G has been shown to protect against cisplatin induced toxicity, and the use of this compound in the prevention of cirrhosis and steatosis has been recently been proposed thanks to its marked anti-oxidant activity. We discuss here the rationale for further investigation on this compound in the prevention of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sacco
- Dipartimento di Gastroenterologia, UO Gastroenterologia e Malattie del Ricambio, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, Cisanello Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
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48
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Biase SD, Brandorst S, Wei M, Longo V. Abstract LB-78: Effects of rapamycin and fasting-cycles therapy on differential stress resistance and sensitization in breast cancer mouse models. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-lb-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Short-term starvation (STS) has been shown to be effective in both protection of normal cell and tissues and the sensitization of a variety of tumors during chemotherapy treatment. This condition of protection/sensitization of different cell types under the same condition has been named differential stress resistance (DSR). Although the effects of fasting have been mainly attributed to reduced glucose and circulating IGF1 levels, the involvement of signaling genes regulated by glucose and growth factors in these effects of fasting remain poorly understood.
In this study we have administered the mTor inhibitor rapamycin in combination with STS and with the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin to shed light on the role of mTOR in the STS response and on its role in mediating DSR.
In a mouse allograft model for breast cancer (4T1) we show that STS and rapamycin have an additive effect in reducing tumor progression, which confirms the possibility that STS-mediated effects on cancer cells are not due to the up-regulation of mTOR. Surprisingly, we observed that the administration of rapamycin during chemotherapy sensitizes the mice to the drug leading to an increased mortality. However, this sensitizing effect could be reversed by STS.
In summary, the combination of mTor inhibition by rapamycin and STS have additive effects in retarding breast cancer tumor growth and also prevent the chemotherapy-dependent sensitization of normal cells caused by rapamycin alone. Because rapamycin is used for the treatment of certain tumors in humans, these results may have important implications for the safety of therapies using a combination of rapamycin and chemotherapy and indicate that the combination of Tor inhibitors and STS should be tested clinically.
Citation Format: Stefano Di Biase, Sebastian Brandorst, Min Wei, Valter Longo. Effects of rapamycin and fasting-cycles therapy on differential stress resistance and sensitization in breast cancer mouse models. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-78. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-LB-78
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Min Wei
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Valter Longo
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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49
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Lee C, Wan J, Miyazaki B, Fang Y, Guevara-Aguirre J, Yen K, Longo V, Bartke A, Cohen P. IGF-I regulates the age-dependent signaling peptide humanin. Aging Cell 2014; 13:958-61. [PMID: 25040290 PMCID: PMC4172517 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is influenced by endocrine pathways including the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF) axis. Mitochondrial function has also been linked to the aging process, but the relevant mitochondrial signals mediating the effects of mitochondria are poorly understood. Humanin is a novel signaling peptide that acts as a potent regulator of cellular stress responses and protects from a variety of in vitro and in vivo toxic and metabolic insults. The circulating levels of humanin decline with age in mice and humans. Here, we demonstrate a negative correlation between the activity of the GH-IGF axis and the levels of humanin, as well as a positive correlation between humanin and lifespan in mouse models with altered GH/IGF-I axis. Long-lived, GH-deficient Ames mice displayed elevated humanin levels, while short-lived GH-transgenic mice have reduced humanin levels. Furthermore, treatment with GH or IGF-I reduced circulating humanin levels in both mice and human subjects. Our results indicate that GH and IGF are potent regulators of humanin levels and that humanin levels correlate with lifespan in mice. This suggests that humanin represents a circulating mitochondrial signal that participates in modulating the aging process, adding a coordinated mitochondrial element to the endocrine regulation of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhan Lee
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Junxiang Wan
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Brian Miyazaki
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles; Los Angeles CA 90027 USA
| | - Yimin Fang
- Geriatrics Laboratory; Department of Internal Medicine; Southern Illinois University School of Medicine; Springfield IL 62794 USA
| | - Jaime Guevara-Aguirre
- Universidad San Francisco de Quito; Avenida Vía Láctea en Cumbayá; Quito Ecuador
- Instituto de Endocrinología IEMYR; San Ignacio Quito Ecuador
| | - Kelvin Yen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Valter Longo
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
| | - Andrzej Bartke
- Geriatrics Laboratory; Department of Internal Medicine; Southern Illinois University School of Medicine; Springfield IL 62794 USA
| | - Pinchas Cohen
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology; University of Southern California; Los Angeles CA 90089 USA
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50
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Nencioni A, Caffa I, Raffaghello L, Montecucco F, Cea M, Monacelli F, Grossi F, Patrone F, Odetti P, Ballestrero A, Longo V. Potentiation of crizotinib activity by fasting cycles in an ALK+ lung cancer model. J Clin Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.32.15_suppl.e13511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Nencioni
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Irene Caffa
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Lizzia Raffaghello
- Department of Experimental and Laboratory Medicine, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Researches, Department of Medical Specialties, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Michele Cea
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Francesco Grossi
- Lung Cancer Unit, National Institute for Cancer Research, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Patrizio Odetti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - Valter Longo
- USC Davis School of Gerontology, Los Angeles, CA
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