1
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Jose A, Kulkarni P, Thilakan J, Munisamy M, Malhotra AG, Singh J, Kumar A, Rangnekar VM, Arya N, Rao M. Integration of pan-omics technologies and three-dimensional in vitro tumor models: an approach toward drug discovery and precision medicine. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:50. [PMID: 38461268 PMCID: PMC10924370 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite advancements in treatment protocols, cancer is one of the leading cause of deaths worldwide. Therefore, there is a need to identify newer and personalized therapeutic targets along with screening technologies to combat cancer. With the advent of pan-omics technologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and lipidomics, the scientific community has witnessed an improved molecular and metabolomic understanding of various diseases, including cancer. In addition, three-dimensional (3-D) disease models have been efficiently utilized for understanding disease pathophysiology and as screening tools in drug discovery. An integrated approach utilizing pan-omics technologies and 3-D in vitro tumor models has led to improved understanding of the intricate network encompassing various signalling pathways and molecular cross-talk in solid tumors. In the present review, we underscore the current trends in omics technologies and highlight their role in understanding genotypic-phenotypic co-relation in cancer with respect to 3-D in vitro tumor models. We further discuss the challenges associated with omics technologies and provide our outlook on the future applications of these technologies in drug discovery and precision medicine for improved management of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anmi Jose
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Pallavi Kulkarni
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India
| | - Jaya Thilakan
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India
| | - Murali Munisamy
- Department of Translational Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India
| | - Anvita Gupta Malhotra
- Department of Translational Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India
| | - Jitendra Singh
- Department of Translational Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Markey Cancer Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Neha Arya
- Department of Translational Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462020, India.
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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2
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Parida P, Lewis S, Sharan K, Kamal MV, Kumar NAN, Godkhindi VM, Varambally S, Rangnekar VM, Rao M, Damerla RR. Increased Gene Expression of C1orf74 Is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Cervical Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:2530. [PMID: 37947608 PMCID: PMC10649411 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
C1orf74, also known as URCL4, has been reported to have higher expression and be associated with poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma patients, and its role in regulation of the EGFR/AKT/mTORC1 pathway has been recently elucidated. In the current study, we used publicly available data and experimental validation of C1orf74 gene expression and its association with prognosis in cervical cancer patients. qRT-PCR was performed using RNA from cervical cancer cell lines and twenty-five cervical cancer patients. Data from TNMplot revealed that mRNA expression of the C1orf74 gene in primary tumor tissues, as well as metastatic tissues from cervical cancer patients, was significantly higher compared to normal cervical tissues. HPV-positive tumors had higher expression of this gene compared to HPV-negative tumors. qPCR analysis also demonstrated higher expression of C1orf74 in HPV-positive cervical cancer cell lines and most cervical cancer patients. The promoter methylation levels of the C1orf74 gene in cervical cancer tissues were lower compared to normal cervical tissues (p < 0.05). Collectively, our study indicates that higher expression of the C1orf74 gene caused by hypomethylation of its promoter is associated with poor overall survival in cervical cancer patients. Thus, C1orf74 is a novel prognostic marker in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preetiparna Parida
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India;
| | - Shirley Lewis
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; (S.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Krishna Sharan
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; (S.L.); (K.S.)
| | - Mehta Vedant Kamal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; (M.V.K.); (N.A.N.K.)
| | - Naveena A. N. Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India; (M.V.K.); (N.A.N.K.)
| | - Vishwapriya M. Godkhindi
- Department of Pathology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India;
| | - Sooryanarayana Varambally
- Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA;
- O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Vivek M. Rangnekar
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Center for Translational Research, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Rama Rao Damerla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India;
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3
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Burikhanov R, Ganguly S, Ellingson S, Sviripa VM, Araujo N, Li S, Venkatraman P, Rao M, Choughule A, Brainson CF, Zhan CG, Spielmann HP, Watt DS, Govindan R, Rangnekar VM. Crizotinib induces Par-4 secretion from normal cells and GRP78 expression on the cancer cell surface for selective tumor growth inhibition. Am J Cancer Res 2023; 13:976-991. [PMID: 37034206 PMCID: PMC10077052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Lung cancer cells develop resistance to apoptosis by suppressing the secretion of the tumor suppressor Par-4 protein (also known as PAWR) and/or down-modulating the Par-4 receptor GRP78 on the cell surface (csGRP78). We sought to identify FDA-approved drugs that elevate csGRP78 on the surface of lung cancer cells and induce Par-4 secretion from the cancer cells and/or normal cells in order to inhibit cancer growth in an autocrine or paracrine manner. In an unbiased screen, we identified crizotinib (CZT), an inhibitor of activated ALK/MET/ROS1 receptor tyrosine kinase, as an inducer of csGRP78 expression in ALK-negative, KRAS or EGFR mutant lung cancer cells. Elevation of csGRP78 in the lung cancer cells was dependent on activation of the non-receptor tyrosine kinase SRC by CZT. Inhibition of SRC activation in the cancer cells prevented csGRP78 translocation but promoted Par-4 secretion by CZT, implying that activated SRC prevented Par-4 secretion. In normal cells, CZT did not activate SRC and csGRP78 elevation but induced Par-4 secretion. Consequently, CZT induced Par-4 secretion from normal cells and elevated csGRP78 in the ALK-negative tumor cells to cause paracrine apoptosis in cancer cell cultures and growth inhibition of tumor xenografts in mice. Thus, CZT induces differential activation of SRC in normal and cancer cells to trigger the pro-apoptotic Par-4-GRP78 axis. As csGRP78 is a targetable receptor, CZT can be repurposed to elevate csGRP78 for inhibition of ALK-negative lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravshan Burikhanov
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Saptadwipa Ganguly
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sally Ellingson
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Vitaliy M Sviripa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Nathalia Araujo
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Shunqiang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington UniversitySt. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Prasanna Venkatraman
- Tata Memorial Centre-Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in CancerNavi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Center for Translational Research, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Anuradha Choughule
- Tata Memorial Centre-Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in CancerNavi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Christine F Brainson
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - H Peter Spielmann
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - David S Watt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Ramaswamy Govindan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology, Washington UniversitySt. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky, USA
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4
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Collard JP, McKenna MK, Noothi SK, Alhakeem SS, Rivas JR, Rangnekar VM, Muthusamy N, Bondada S. Role of the splenic microenvironment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia development in Eµ-TCL1 transgenic mice. Leuk Lymphoma 2022; 63:1810-1822. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2022.2045596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James P. Collard
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mary K. McKenna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sunil K. Noothi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Sara S. Alhakeem
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jacqueline R. Rivas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Vivek M. Rangnekar
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Division of Hematology, James Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Subbarao Bondada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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5
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Ding N, Jiang H, Thapa P, Hao Y, Alshahrani A, Allison D, Izumi T, Rangnekar VM, Liu X, Wei Q. Peroxiredoxin IV plays a critical role in cancer cell growth and radioresistance through the activation of the Akt/GSK3 signaling pathways. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102123. [PMID: 35697073 PMCID: PMC9257407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of redox enzymes have been commonly observed in various types of human cancer, although whether and how the enzymes contribute to cancer malignancy and therapeutic resistance have yet to be understood. Peroxiredoxin IV (Prx4) is an antioxidant with bona fide peroxidase and molecular chaperone functions. Here, we report that Prx4 is highly expressed in prostate cancer patient specimens, as well as established prostate cancer cell lines, and that its levels can be further stimulated through the activation of androgen receptor signaling. We used lentivirus-mediated shRNA knockdown and CRISPR-Cas9 based KO techniques to establish Prx4-depleted prostate cancer cells, which showed delayed cell cycle progression, reduced rate of cell proliferation, migration, and invasion compared to control cells. In addition, we used proteome profiler phosphokinase arrays to identify signaling changes in Prx4-depleted cells; we found that loss of Prx4 results in insufficient phosphorylation of both Akt and its downstream kinase GSK3α/β. Moreover, we demonstrate that Prx4-depleted cells are more sensitive to ionizing radiation as they display compromised ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species and increased accumulation of DNA damage. In mouse xenograft models, we show depletion of Prx4 leads to significant suppression of tumor growth, and tumors formed by Prx4-depleted cells respond more effectively to radiation therapy. Our findings suggest that increased levels of Prx4 contribute to the malignancy and radioresistance of prostate cancer through the activation of Akt/GSK3 signaling pathways. Therefore, strategies targeting Prx4 may be utilized to potentially inhibit tumor growth and overcome radioresistance in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ding
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Pratik Thapa
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Yanning Hao
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Aziza Alshahrani
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Derek Allison
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tadahide Izumi
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Qiou Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
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6
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Araujo N, Sledziona J, Noothi SK, Burikhanov R, Hebbar N, Ganguly S, Shrestha-Bhattarai T, Zhu B, Katz WS, Zhang Y, Taylor BS, Liu J, Chen L, Weiss HL, He D, Wang C, Morris AJ, Cassis LA, Nikolova-Karakashian M, Nagareddy PR, Melander O, Evers BM, Kern PA, Rangnekar VM. Tumor Suppressor Par-4 Regulates Complement Factor C3 and Obesity. Front Oncol 2022; 12:860446. [PMID: 35425699 PMCID: PMC9004617 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.860446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a tumor suppressor that induces apoptosis in cancer cells. However, the physiological function of Par-4 remains unknown. Here we show that conventional Par-4 knockout (Par-4-/-) mice and adipocyte-specific Par-4 knockout (AKO) mice, but not hepatocyte-specific Par-4 knockout mice, are obese with standard chow diet. Par-4-/- and AKO mice exhibit increased absorption and storage of fat in adipocytes. Mechanistically, Par-4 loss is associated with mdm2 downregulation and activation of p53. We identified complement factor c3 as a p53-regulated gene linked to fat storage in adipocytes. Par-4 re-expression in adipocytes or c3 deletion reversed the obese mouse phenotype. Moreover, obese human subjects showed lower expression of Par-4 relative to lean subjects, and in longitudinal studies, low baseline Par-4 levels denoted an increased risk of developing obesity later in life. These findings indicate that Par-4 suppresses p53 and its target c3 to regulate obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Araujo
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - James Sledziona
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Sunil K Noothi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Ravshan Burikhanov
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Nikhil Hebbar
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Saptadwipa Ganguly
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Tripti Shrestha-Bhattarai
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Beibei Zhu
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Wendy S Katz
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Barry S Taylor
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jinze Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Li Chen
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Heidi L Weiss
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Daheng He
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Chi Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Mariana Nikolova-Karakashian
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | | | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.,Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Philip A Kern
- Division of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Barnstable Brown Diabetes and Obesity Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
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7
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Kolesar J, Peh S, Thomas L, Baburaj G, Mukherjee N, Kantamneni R, Lewis S, Pai A, Udupa KS, Kumar An N, Rangnekar VM, Rao M. Integration of liquid biopsy and pharmacogenomics for precision therapy of EGFR mutant and resistant lung cancers. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:61. [PMID: 35209919 PMCID: PMC8867675 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The advent of molecular profiling has revolutionized the treatment of lung cancer by comprehensively delineating the genomic landscape of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. Drug resistance caused by EGFR mutations and genetic polymorphisms of drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters impedes effective treatment of EGFR mutant and resistant lung cancer. This review appraises current literature, opportunities, and challenges associated with liquid biopsy and pharmacogenomic (PGx) testing as precision therapy tools in the management of EGFR mutant and resistant lung cancers. Liquid biopsy could play a potential role in selection of precise tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapies during different phases of lung cancer treatment. This selection will be based on the driver EGFR mutational status, as well as monitoring the development of potential EGFR mutations arising during or after TKIs treatment, since some of these new mutations may be druggable targets for alternative TKIs. Several studies have identified the utility of liquid biopsy in the identification of EGFR driver and acquired resistance with good sensitivities for various blood-based biomarkers. With a plethora of sequencing technologies and platforms available currently, further evaluations using randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in multicentric, multiethnic and larger patient cohorts could enable optimization of liquid-based assays for the detection of EGFR mutations, and support testing of CYP450 enzymes and drug transporter polymorphisms to guide precise dosing of EGFR TKIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill Kolesar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Spencer Peh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Levin Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Gayathri Baburaj
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Nayonika Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Raveena Kantamneni
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Shirley Lewis
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Ananth Pai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Karthik S Udupa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Naveena Kumar An
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Comprehensive Cancer Care Centre, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Markey Cancer Centre and Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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8
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Munisamy M, Mukherjee N, Thomas L, Pham AT, Shakeri A, Zhao Y, Kolesar J, Rao PPN, Rangnekar VM, Rao M. Therapeutic opportunities in cancer therapy: targeting the p53-MDM2/MDMX interactions. Am J Cancer Res 2021; 11:5762-5781. [PMID: 35018225 PMCID: PMC8727821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination is a key enzymatic post-translational modification that influences p53 stability and function. p53 protein regulates the expression of MDM2 (mouse double-minute 2 protein) E3 ligase and MDMX (double-minute 4 protein), through proteasome-based degradation. Exploration of targeting the ubiquitination pathway offers a potentially promising strategy for precision therapy in a variety of cancers. The p53-MDM2-MDMX pathway provides multiple molecular targets for small molecule screening as potential therapies for wild-type p53. As a result of its effect on molecular carcinogenesis, a personalized therapeutic approach based on the wild-type and mutant p53 protein is desirable. We highlighted the implications of p53 mutations in cancer, p53 ubiquitination mechanistic details, targeting p53-MDM2/MDMX interactions, significant discoveries related to MDM2 inhibitor drug development, MDM2 and MDMX dual target inhibitors, and clinical trials with p53-MDM2/MDMX-targeted drugs. We also investigated potential therapeutic repurposing of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) in targeting p53-MDM2/MDMX interactions. Molecular docking studies of SERMs were performed utilizing the solved structures of the p53/MDM2/MDMX proteins. These studies identified ormeloxifene as a potential dual inhibitor of p53/MDM2/MDMX interaction, suggesting that repurposing SERMs for dual targeting of p53/MDM2 and p53/MDMX interactions is an attractive strategy for targeting wild-type p53 tumors and warrants further preclinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murali Munisamy
- Department of Translational Medicine Centre, All India Institute of Medical SciencesBhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462020, India
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Center for Translational Research, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Nayonika Mukherjee
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Center for Translational Research, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Levin Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Center for Translational Research, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal, Karnataka 576104, India
| | - Amy Trinh Pham
- Medicinal and Bioorganic Chemistry Lab, School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, 200 University Avenue West, University of WaterlooWaterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Arash Shakeri
- Medicinal and Bioorganic Chemistry Lab, School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, 200 University Avenue West, University of WaterlooWaterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Yusheng Zhao
- Medicinal and Bioorganic Chemistry Lab, School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, 200 University Avenue West, University of WaterlooWaterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Jill Kolesar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice & Science, University of Kentucky567 TODD Building, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40539-0596, USA
| | - Praveen P N Rao
- Medicinal and Bioorganic Chemistry Lab, School of Pharmacy, Health Sciences Campus, 200 University Avenue West, University of WaterlooWaterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Markey Cancer Center, University of KentuckyLexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Mahadev Rao
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Center for Translational Research, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher EducationManipal, Karnataka 576104, India
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9
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Mello-Andrade F, Guedes APM, Pires WC, Velozo-Sá VS, Delmond KA, Mendes D, Molina MS, Matuda L, de Sousa MAM, Melo-Reis P, Gomes CC, Castro CH, Almeida MAP, Menck CFM, Batista AA, Burikhanov R, Rangnekar VM, Silveira-Lacerda E. Ru(II)/amino acid complexes inhibit the progression of breast cancer cells through multiple mechanism-induced apoptosis. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 226:111625. [PMID: 34655962 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
For some cancer subtypes, such as triple-negative breast cancer, there are no specific therapies, which leads to a poor prognosis associated with invasion and metastases. Ruthenium complexes have been developed to act in all steps of tumor growth and its progression. In this study, we investigated the effects of Ruthenium (II) complexes coupled to the amino acids methionine (RuMet) and tryptophan (RuTrp) on the induction of cell death, clonogenic survival ability, inhibition of angiogenesis, and migration of MDA-MB-231 cells (human triple-negative breast cancer). The study also demonstrated that the RuMet and RuTrp complexes induce cell cycle blockage and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells, as evidenced by an increase in the number of Annexin V-positive cells, p53 phosphorylation, caspase 3 activation, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. Moreover, morphological changes and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential were detected. The RuMet and RuTrp complexes induced DNA damage probably due to reactive oxygen species production related to mitochondrial membrane depolarization. Therefore, the RuMet and RuTrp complexes acted directly on breast tumor cells, leading to cell death and inhibiting their metastatic potential; this reveals the potential therapeutic action of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francyelli Mello-Andrade
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil; Department of Chemistry, Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74055-110, Brazil.
| | - Adriana P M Guedes
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Wanessa C Pires
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Vivianne S Velozo-Sá
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Kezia A Delmond
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Davi Mendes
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of DNA Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Matheus S Molina
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of DNA Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Matuda
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Melo-Reis
- Departament of Biomedicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Clever C Gomes
- Department of Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique Castro
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás - UFG, Goiânia, GO 74690-900, Brazil
| | - Márcio Aurélio P Almeida
- Coordination of Science and Technology, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA 65080-805, Brazil
| | - Carlos F M Menck
- Department of Microbiology, Laboratory of DNA Repair, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Alzir A Batista
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Ravshan Burikhanov
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America; L. P. Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, United States of America
| | - Elisângela Silveira-Lacerda
- Department of Genetics, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Cytogenetics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás 74690-900, Brazil.
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10
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Hammill JT, Sviripa VM, Kril LM, Ortiz D, Fargo CM, Kim HS, Chen Y, Rector J, Rice AL, Domagalska MA, Begley KL, Liu C, Rangnekar VM, Dujardin JC, Watt DS, Landfear SM, Guy RK. Amino-Substituted 3-Aryl- and 3-Heteroarylquinolines as Potential Antileishmanial Agents. J Med Chem 2021; 64:12152-12162. [PMID: 34355566 PMCID: PMC8404201 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis, a disease caused by protozoa of the Leishmania species, afflicts roughly 12 million individuals worldwide. Most existing drugs for leishmaniasis are toxic, expensive, difficult to administer, and subject to drug resistance. We report a new class of antileishmanial leads, the 3-arylquinolines, that potently block proliferation of the intramacrophage amastigote form of Leishmania parasites with good selectivity relative to the host macrophages. Early lead 34 was rapidly acting and possessed good potency against L. mexicana (EC50 = 120 nM), 30-fold selectivity for the parasite relative to the macrophage (EC50 = 3.7 μM), and also blocked proliferation of Leishmania donovani parasites resistant to antimonial drugs. Finally, another early lead, 27, which exhibited reasonable in vivo tolerability, impaired disease progression during the dosing period in a murine model of cutaneous leishmaniasis. These results suggest that the arylquinolines provide a fruitful departure point for the development of new antileishmanial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared T. Hammill
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509 United States
| | - Vitaliy M. Sviripa
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509 United States
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Lucille
Parker Markey Cancer Center, University
of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0093, United States
| | - Liliia M. Kril
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509, United States
| | - Diana Ortiz
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Corinne M. Fargo
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - Ho Shin Kim
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509 United States
| | - Yizhe Chen
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509 United States
| | - Jonah Rector
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509 United States
| | - Amy L. Rice
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509 United States
| | - Malgorzata A. Domagalska
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical
Medicine, Nationalestraat, 155, Antwerpen 2000, Belgium
| | - Kristin L. Begley
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509, United States
| | - Chunming Liu
- Lucille
Parker Markey Cancer Center, University
of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0093, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509, United States
| | - Vivek M. Rangnekar
- Lucille
Parker Markey Cancer Center, University
of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0093, United States
- Department
of Radiation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-9983, United States
- Graduate
Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0305, United States
| | - Jean-Claude Dujardin
- Department
of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical
Medicine, Nationalestraat, 155, Antwerpen 2000, Belgium
| | - David S. Watt
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509 United States
- Center
for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0596, United States
- Lucille
Parker Markey Cancer Center, University
of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0093, United States
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509, United States
| | - Scott M. Landfear
- Department
of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon 97239, United States
| | - R. Kiplin Guy
- Department
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536-0509 United States
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11
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Rao M, Venkatraman P, Mukhopadhyay D, Roychoudhury S, Vanderford NL, Rangnekar VM. Value added by an inter-continental cancer consortium. Genes Cancer 2021; 12:65-68. [PMID: 34046148 PMCID: PMC8147722 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mahadev Rao
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Vivek M. Rangnekar
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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12
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Ding N, Jiang H, Thapa P, Hao Y, Alshahrani A, Yang S, Rangnekar VM, Liu X, Wei Q. Abstract PO-079: Peroxiredoxin 4 contributes to radiation resistance of prostate cancer cells through the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Clin Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.radsci21-po-079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The peroxiredoxin (Prx) family of proteins functions as major cellular antioxidants that mediate oxidative signaling under physiological conditions as well as scavenge extra hydrogen peroxide in the context of oxidative stress. Prx4 is one of Prx family members which is mainly localized in endoplasmic reticulum (ER), but can be also found in cytosol and extracellular space. In addition to its function as a peroxidase, Prx4 has a specific role in oxidative protein folding in ER. However, the specific function of Prx4 has not been well defined. Previous studies indicate that Prxs are frequently upregulated in various types of human cancer. However, the role of Prx4 in prostate cancer has not been well defined. The purpose of this study is to examine the expression of Prx4 in prostate cancer and to explore its functional significance in cancer radiation resistance and recurrence. Bioinformatic tools were used to evaluate genetic alterations of PRDX4 gene as well as the levels of its transcripts in prostate normal and cancer populations. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to explore the association of Prx4 levels with the prognosis of prostate cancer patients. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the expression of Prx4 protein in cell lines and patient specimens. Loss of Prx4 in cells was achieved by knock down using lentiviral shRNA or knockout using CRISPR-Cas9 techniques. Cell proliferation, survival, and protein profiler kinase arrays were used to examine the differences between control and Prx4-depleted cells with or without ionizing radiation. We demonstrated that PRDX4 gene is frequently amplified in prostate cancer and the level of its transcript is highly elevated. Patients with Prx4 at higher quartile have significantly reduced probability of survival compared with those in lower quartile. Prostate cancer cells express much higher levels of Prx4 than normal epithelial cells. Moreover, Prx4 is upregulated by the activation of AR-dependent signaling, and depletion of Prx4 sensitizes prostate cancer cells to radiation-induced cell death. Mechanistically, Prx4 contributes to prostate cancer radiation resistance through the activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. A combination of bioinformatic, histochemical, cellular, and molecular methods reveals that Prx4 plays a critical role in prostate cancer cell proliferation, radio-resistance and reoccurrence.
Citation Format: Na Ding, Hong Jiang, Pratik Thapa, Yanning Hao, Aziza Alshahrani, Shengming Yang, Vivek M. Rangnekar, Xiaoqi Liu, Qiou Wei. Peroxiredoxin 4 contributes to radiation resistance of prostate cancer cells through the activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on Radiation Science and Medicine; 2021 Mar 2-3. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2021;27(8_Suppl):Abstract nr PO-079.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Ding
- 1Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,
| | - Hong Jiang
- 1Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,
| | - Pratik Thapa
- 1Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,
| | - Yanning Hao
- 1Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,
| | - Aziza Alshahrani
- 1Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,
| | - Shengming Yang
- 2College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,
| | - Vivek M. Rangnekar
- 3Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- 4Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Qiou Wei
- 4Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology and Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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13
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Wang S, Lee KH, Araujo NV, Zhan CG, Rangnekar VM, Xu R. Develop a High-Throughput Screening Method to Identify C-P4H1 (Collagen Prolyl 4-Hydroxylase 1) Inhibitors from FDA-Approved Chemicals. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186613. [PMID: 32927660 PMCID: PMC7554770 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylase 1 (C-P4H1) is an α-ketoglutarate (α-KG)-dependent dioxygenase that catalyzes 4-hydroxylation of proline on collagen. C-P4H1-induced prolyl hydroxylation is required for proper collagen deposition and cancer metastasis. Therefore, targeting C-P4H1 is considered a potential therapeutic strategy for collagen-related cancer progression and metastasis. However, no C-P4H1 inhibitors are available for clinical testing, and the high content assay is currently not available for C-P4H1 inhibitor screening. In the present study, we developed a high-throughput screening assay by quantifying succinate, a byproduct of C-P4H-catalyzed hydroxylation. C-P4H1 is the major isoform of collagen prolyl 4-hydroxylases (CP4Hs) that contributes the majority prolyl 4-hydroxylase activity. Using C-P4H1 tetramer purified from the eukaryotic expression system, we showed that the Succinate-GloTM Hydroxylase assay was more sensitive for measuring C-P4H1 activity compared with the hydroxyproline colorimetric assay. Next, we performed high-throughput screening with the FDA-approved drug library and identified several new C-P4H1 inhibitors, including Silodosin and Ticlopidine. Silodosin and Ticlopidine inhibited C-P4H1 activity in a dose-dependent manner and suppressed collagen secretion and tumor invasion in 3D tissue culture. These C-P4H1 inhibitors provide new agents to test clinical potential of targeting C-P4H1 in suppressing cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shike Wang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Rd., Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Kuo-Hao Lee
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (K.-H.L.); (C.-G.Z.)
| | - Nathalia Victoria Araujo
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (N.V.A.); (V.M.R.)
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (K.-H.L.); (C.-G.Z.)
| | - Vivek M. Rangnekar
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; (N.V.A.); (V.M.R.)
- Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Ren Xu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, 789 S. Limestone Rd., Lexington, KY 40536, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-859-3237889
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14
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Thayyullathil F, Cheratta AR, Pallichankandy S, Subburayan K, Tariq S, Rangnekar VM, Galadari S. Par-4 regulates autophagic cell death in human cancer cells via upregulating p53 and BNIP3. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2020; 1867:118692. [PMID: 32135176 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2020.118692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a tumor suppressor protein that selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells. Although the mechanism of Par-4-mediated induction of apoptosis has been well studied, the involvement of Par-4 in other mechanisms of cell death such as autophagy is unclear. We investigated the mechanism involved in Par-4-mediated autophagic cell death in human malignant glioma. We demonstrate for the first time that the tumor suppressor lipid, ceramide (Cer), causes Par-4 induction, leading to autophagic cell death in human malignant glioma. Furthermore, we identified the tumor suppressor protein p53 and BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) as downstream targets of Par-4 during Cer-mediated autophagic cell death. RNAi-mediated down-regulation of Par-4 blocks Cer-induced p53-BNIP3 activation and autophagic cell death, while upregulation of Par-4 augmented p53-BNIP3 activation and autophagic cell death. Remarkably, in many instances, Par-4 overexpression alone was sufficient to induce cell death which is associated with features of autophagy. Interestingly, similar results were seen when glioma cells were exposed to classical autophagy inducers such as serum starvation, arsenic trioxide, and curcumin. Collectively, the novel Par-4-p53-BNIP3 axis plays a crucial role in autophagy-mediated cell death in human malignant glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Thayyullathil
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University, Abu Dhabi, P. O. Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anees Rahman Cheratta
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University, Abu Dhabi, P. O. Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Siraj Pallichankandy
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University, Abu Dhabi, P. O. Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Karthikeyan Subburayan
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University, Abu Dhabi, P. O. Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Saeed Tariq
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Sehamuddin Galadari
- Cell Death Signaling Laboratory, Division of Science (Biology), Experimental Research Building, New York University, Abu Dhabi, P. O. Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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15
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Kim K, Araujo P, Hebbar N, Zhou Z, Zheng X, Zheng F, Rangnekar VM, Zhan CG. Development of a novel prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) protein entity with an extended duration of action for therapeutic treatment of cancer. Protein Eng Des Sel 2019; 32:159-166. [PMID: 31711233 DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzz034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a tumor suppressor which protects against neoplastic transformation. Remarkably, Par-4 is capable of inducing apoptosis selectively in cancer cells without affecting the normal cells. In this study, we found that recombinant Par-4 protein had limited serum persistence in mice that may diminish its anti-tumor activity in vivo. To improve the in vivo performance of the short-lived Par-4 protein, we aimed to develop a novel, long-lasting form of Par-4 with extended sequence, denoted as Par-4Ex, without affecting the desirable molecular function of the natural Par-4. We demonstrate that the Par-4Ex protein entity, produced by using the Escherichia coli expression system suitable for large-scale production, fully retains the desirable pro-apoptotic activity of Par-4 protein, but with ~7-fold improved biological half-life. Further in vivo tests confirmed that, due to the prolonged biological half-life, the Par-4Ex protein is indeed more potent in suppressing metastatic tumor growth in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungbo Kim
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Pereira Araujo
- Graduate Center for Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
| | - Nikhil Hebbar
- Graduate Center for Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
| | - Ziyuan Zhou
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Xirong Zheng
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Fang Zheng
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Graduate Center for Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA.,Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA.,Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40356, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, 789 South Limestone Street, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Araujo
- Departments of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, United States
| | - Nikhil Hebbar
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Departments of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, United States; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, United States; Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, United States; Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, United States.
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17
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Rivas JR, Alhakeem SS, Eckenrode J, Zhang Y, Collard JP, Rangnekar VM, Muthusamy N, Thorson JS, Leggas M, Bondada S. Approaches to reverse interleukin-10 mediated immunosuppression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.123.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
B cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), the most common leukemia in the western world, is characterized by an accumulation of abnormal B cells in the blood and lymphoid organs. Broad immunosuppression is a serious complication for these patients, with infections and secondary cancers recognized as the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Although the immune suppression is in part due to clonotypic CLL B cells crowding immune organs, immune responses may also be suppressed by the production of soluble mediators. We and others found that CLL cells produce interleukin-10 (IL-10), a cytokine that suppresses T cell effector function. We hypothesized that this IL-10 may reduce anti-tumor T cell responses. In our studies we use human cells as well as the Eμ-Tcl1 mouse model for U-CLL, in which the oncogene Tcl1 is expressed under the immunoglobulin VH promoter and μ-enhancer. Previously, we found that IL-10R−/− T cells control CLL growth better than WT T cells in the Eμ-Tcl1 adoptive transfer model. We also saw that CLL IL-10 production is dependent on BCR signaling and activation of the transcription factor Sp-1. IL-10 production can be blocked by mithramycin (MTM), an Sp-1 inhibitor. However, MTM is not used routinely as an anti-cancer agent due to its short half-life and associated toxicities, so we prepared and tested novel analogues of MTM to reduce these effects. One of these analogues, MTM23, shows promise as it has similar potency to MTM, but does not interfere with T cell gamma-interferon production or viability. This approach is novel as current therapies for CLL do not target IL-10, or address the immunosuppression seen in CLL patients. IL-10 blockade could therefore be a strategy for harnessing anti-tumor T cells to treat CLL in humans.
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18
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Alhakeem SS, McKenna MK, Oben KZ, Noothi SK, Rivas JR, Hildebrandt GC, Fleischman RA, Rangnekar VM, Muthusamy N, Bondada S. Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia-Derived IL-10 Suppresses Antitumor Immunity. J Immunol 2018; 200:4180-4189. [PMID: 29712773 PMCID: PMC6555426 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) patients progressively develop an immunosuppressive state. CLL patients have more plasma IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, than healthy controls. In vitro human CLL cells produce IL-10 in response to BCR cross-linking. We used the transgenic Eμ-T cell leukemia oncogene-1 (TCL1) mouse CLL model to study the role of IL-10 in CLL associated immunosuppression. Eμ-TCL mice spontaneously develop CLL because of a B cell-specific expression of the oncogene, TCL1. Eμ-TCL1 mouse CLL cells constitutively produce IL-10, which is further enhanced by BCR cross-linking, CLL-derived IL-10 did not directly affect survival of murine or human CLL cells in vitro. We tested the hypothesis that the CLL-derived IL-10 has a critical role in CLL disease in part by suppressing the host immune response to the CLL cells. In IL-10R-/- mice, wherein the host immune cells are unresponsive to IL-10-mediated suppressive effects, there was a significant reduction in CLL cell growth compared with wild type mice. IL-10 reduced the generation of effector CD4 and CD8 T cells. We also found that activation of BCR signaling regulated the production of IL-10 by both murine and human CLL cells. We identified the transcription factor, Sp1, as a novel regulator of IL-10 production by CLL cells and that it is regulated by BCR signaling via the Syk/MAPK pathway. Our results suggest that incorporation of IL-10 blocking agents may enhance current therapeutic regimens for CLL by potentiating host antitumor immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Alhakeem
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Mary K McKenna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Karine Z Oben
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Sunil K Noothi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Jacqueline R Rivas
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Gerhard C Hildebrandt
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Division of Hematology, Blood, and Marrow Transplantation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Roger A Fleischman
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Division of Hematology, Blood, and Marrow Transplantation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Natarajan Muthusamy
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210; and.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Subbarao Bondada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536; .,Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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19
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Burikhanov R, Hebbar N, Noothi SK, Shukla N, Sledziona J, Araujo N, Kudrimoti M, Wang QJ, Watt DS, Welch DR, Maranchie J, Harada A, Rangnekar VM. Chloroquine-Inducible Par-4 Secretion Is Essential for Tumor Cell Apoptosis and Inhibition of Metastasis. Cell Rep 2017; 18:508-519. [PMID: 28076793 PMCID: PMC5264245 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The induction of tumor suppressor proteins capable of cancer cell apoptosis represents an attractive option for the re-purposing of existing drugs. We report that the anti-malarial drug, chloroquine (CQ), is a robust inducer of Par-4 secretion from normal cells in mice and cancer patients in a clinical trial. CQ-inducible Par-4 secretion triggers paracrine apoptosis of cancer cells and also inhibits metastatic tumor growth. CQ induces Par-4 secretion via the classical secretory pathway that requires the activation of p53. Mechanistically, p53 directly induces Rab8b, a GTPase essential for vesicle transport of Par-4 to the plasma membrane prior to secretion. Our findings indicate that CQ induces p53- and Rab8b-dependent Par-4 secretion from normal cells for Par-4-dependent inhibition of metastatic tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravshan Burikhanov
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
| | - Nikhil Hebbar
- Graduate Center for Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
| | - Sunil K Noothi
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
| | - Nidhi Shukla
- Graduate Center for Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
| | - James Sledziona
- Graduate Center for Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
| | - Nathália Araujo
- Graduate Center for Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
| | - Meghana Kudrimoti
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
| | - Qing Jun Wang
- Graduate Center for Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, USA; Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
| | - David S Watt
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, USA; Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, USA
| | - Danny R Welch
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Kansas, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jodi Maranchie
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA
| | - Akihiro Harada
- Department of Cell Biology, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, USA; Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40356, USA.
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20
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Singh AK, Chauhan SS, Singh SK, Verma VV, Singh A, Arya RK, Maheshwari S, Akhtar MS, Sarkar J, Rangnekar VM, Chauhan PMS, Datta D. Dual targeting of MDM2 with a novel small-molecule inhibitor overcomes TRAIL resistance in cancer. Carcinogenesis 2017; 37:1027-1040. [PMID: 27543608 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgw088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) protein functionally inactivates the tumor suppressor p53 in human cancer. Conventional MDM2 inhibitors provide limited clinical application as they interfere only with the MDM2-p53 interaction to release p53 from MDM2 sequestration but do not prevent activated p53 from transcriptionally inducing MDM2 expression. Here, we report a rationally synthesized chalcone-based pyrido[ b ]indole, CPI-7c, as a unique small-molecule inhibitor of MDM2, which not only inhibited MDM2-p53 interaction but also promoted MDM2 degradation. CPI-7c bound to both RING and N-terminal domains of MDM2 to promote its ubiquitin-mediated degradation and p53 stabilization. CPI-7c-induced p53 directly recruited to the promoters of DR4 and DR5 genes and enhanced their expression, resulting in sensitization of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-resistant cancer cells toward TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Collectively, we identified CPI-7c as a novel small-molecule inhibitor of MDM2 with a unique two-prong mechanism of action that sensitized TRAIL-resistant cancer cells to apoptosis by modulating the MDM2-p53-DR4/DR5 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shikha S Chauhan
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division and.,Present address: Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA
| | - Sudhir Kumar Singh
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031 , India
| | - Ved Vrat Verma
- Department of Biophysics, Delhi University , South Campus, New Delhi 110021 , India
| | | | | | - Shrankhla Maheshwari
- Biochemistry Division.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India and
| | - Md Sohail Akhtar
- Molecular and Structural Biology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute , Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226031 , India
| | | | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Department of Radiation Medicine and Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky , Lexington, KY 40536 , USA and
| | | | - Dipak Datta
- Biochemistry Division.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, New Delhi 110025, India and
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21
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Hebbar N, Burikhanov R, Shukla N, Qiu S, Zhao Y, Elenitoba-Johnson KSJ, Rangnekar VM. A Naturally Generated Decoy of the Prostate Apoptosis Response-4 Protein Overcomes Therapy Resistance in Tumors. Cancer Res 2017. [PMID: 28625975 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-1970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Primary tumors are often heterogeneous, composed of therapy-sensitive and emerging therapy-resistant cancer cells. Interestingly, treatment of therapy-sensitive tumors in heterogeneous tumor microenvironments results in apoptosis of therapy-resistant tumors. In this study, we identify a prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) amino-terminal fragment (PAF) that is released by diverse therapy-sensitive cancer cells following therapy-induced caspase cleavage of the tumor suppressor Par-4 protein. PAF caused apoptosis in cancer cells resistant to therapy and inhibited tumor growth. A VASA segment of Par-4 mediated its binding and degradation by the ubiquitin ligase Fbxo45, resulting in loss of Par-4 proapoptotic function. Conversely, PAF, which contains this VASA segment, competitively bound to Fbxo45 and rescued Par-4-mediated induction of cancer cell-specific apoptosis. Collectively, our findings identify a molecular decoy naturally generated during apoptosis that inhibits a ubiquitin ligase to overcome therapy resistance in tumors. Cancer Res; 77(15); 4039-50. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Hebbar
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Ravshan Burikhanov
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Nidhi Shukla
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Shirley Qiu
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Yanming Zhao
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | | | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky. .,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky.,L.P. Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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22
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Oben KZ, Gachuki BW, Alhakeem SS, McKenna MK, Liang Y, St. Clair DK, Rangnekar VM, Bondada S. Radiation Induced Apoptosis of Murine Bone Marrow Cells Is Independent of Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1). PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169767. [PMID: 28081176 PMCID: PMC5230770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
An understanding of how each individual 5q chromosome critical deleted region (CDR) gene contributes to malignant transformation would foster the development of much needed targeted therapies for the treatment of therapy related myeloid neoplasms (t-MNs). Early Growth Response 1 (EGR1) is a key transcriptional regulator of myeloid differentiation located within the 5q chromosome CDR that has been shown to regulate HSC (hematopoietic stem cell) quiescence as well as the master regulator of apoptosis—p53. Since resistance to apoptosis is a hallmark of malignant transformation, we investigated the role of EGR1 in apoptosis of bone marrow cells; a cell population from which myeloid malignancies arise. We evaluated radiation induced apoptosis of Egr1+/+ and Egr1-/- bone marrow cells in vitro and in vivo. EGR1 is not required for radiation induced apoptosis of murine bone marrow cells. Neither p53 mRNA (messenger RNA) nor protein expression is regulated by EGR1 in these cells. Radiation induced apoptosis of bone marrow cells by double strand DNA breaks induced p53 activation. These results suggest EGR1 dependent signaling mechanisms do not contribute to aberrant apoptosis of malignant cells in myeloid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Z. Oben
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Beth W. Gachuki
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Sara S. Alhakeem
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Mary K. McKenna
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Ying Liang
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Daret K. St. Clair
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Vivek M. Rangnekar
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Subbarao Bondada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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23
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Sviripa VM, Burikhanov R, Obiero JM, Yuan Y, Nickell JR, Dwoskin LP, Zhan CG, Liu C, Tsodikov OV, Rangnekar VM, Watt DS. Par-4 secretion: stoichiometry of 3-arylquinoline binding to vimentin. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:74-84. [PMID: 26548370 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01980j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Advanced prostate tumors usually metastasize to the lung, bone, and other vital tissues and are resistant to conventional therapy. Prostate apoptosis response-4 protein (Par-4) is a tumor suppressor that causes apoptosis in therapy-resistant prostate cancer cells by binding specifically to a receptor, Glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78), found only on the surface of cancer cells. 3-Arylquinolines or "arylquins" induce normal cells to release Par-4 from the intermediate filament protein, vimentin and promote Par-4 secretion that targets cancer cells in a paracrine manner. A structure-activity study identified arylquins that promote Par-4 secretion, and an evaluation of arylquin binding to the hERG potassium ion channel using a [(3)H]-dofetilide binding assay permitted the identification of structural features that separated this undesired activity from the desired Par-4 secretory activity. A binding study that relied on the natural fluorescence of arylquins and that used the purified rod domain of vimentin (residues 99-411) suggested that the mechanism behind Par-4 release involved arylquin binding to multiple sites in the rod domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitaliy M Sviripa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA. and Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
| | - Ravshan Burikhanov
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-9983, USA. and Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0096, USA
| | - Josiah M Obiero
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
| | - Yaxia Yuan
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
| | - Justin R Nickell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA and Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
| | - Chunming Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA. and Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0096, USA
| | - Oleg V Tsodikov
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA.
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-9983, USA. and Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0096, USA
| | - David S Watt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, USA. and Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, USA
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24
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Abstract
Withaferin A (WA), a withanolide from the plant, Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) used in Ayurvedic medicine, has been found to be valuable in the treatment of several medical ailments. WA has been found to have anticancer activity against various solid tumors, but its effects on hematological malignancies have not been studied in detail. WA strongly inhibited the survival of several human and murine B cell lymphoma cell lines. Additionally, in vivo studies with syngeneic-graft lymphoma cells suggest that WA inhibits the growth of tumor but does not affect other proliferative tissues. We demonstrate that WA inhibits the efficiency of NF-κB nuclear translocation in diffuse large B cell lymphomas and found that WA treatment resulted in a significant decrease in protein levels involved in B cell receptor signaling and cell cycle regulation. WA inhibited the activity of heat shock protein (Hsp) 90 as reflected by a sharp increase in Hsp70 expression levels. Hence, we propose that the anti-cancer effects of WA in lymphomas are likely due to its ability to inhibit Hsp90 function and subsequent reduction of critical kinases and cell cycle regulators that are clients of Hsp90.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K McKenna
- a Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics; Markey Cancer Center; University of Kentucky ; Lexington , KY , USA
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25
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Frasinyuk MS, Bondarenko SP, Sviripa VM, Burikhanov R, Rangnekar VM, Liu C, Watt DS. Development of 6H-Chromeno[3,4- c]pyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[2,3-e]pyridazin-6-ones as Par-4 Secretagogues. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:3382-3384. [PMID: 26236052 PMCID: PMC4518469 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Nitrosation and cyclization of 4-(3-aminothieno[2,3-b]pyridine-2-yl)-2H-chromen-2-ones 1 afforded substituted 6H-chromeno[3,4-c]pyrido[3',2':4,5]thieno[2,3-e]pyridazin-6-ones 2 that inhibited the intermediary filament protein, vimentin, at low micromolar concentrations. This inhibition promoted the secretion of Prostate Apoptosis Response-4 protein (Par-4), which selectively triggered apoptosis in prostate cancer cells such as CWR22Rv1, LNCaP-derivative C4-2B, PC-3 and its aggressive analog, PC-3 MM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mykhaylo S. Frasinyuk
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv 02094, Ukraine
| | | | - Vitaliy M. Sviripa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, United States
| | - Ravshan Burikhanov
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Medicine; University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0096, United States
| | - Vivek M. Rangnekar
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Medicine; University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0096, United States
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0093, United States
| | - Chunming Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0093, United States
| | - David S. Watt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0509, United States
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, United States
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0093, United States
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26
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Sarkar S, Jain S, Rai V, Sahoo DK, Raha S, Suklabaidya S, Senapati S, Rangnekar VM, Maiti IB, Dey N. Plant-derived SAC domain of PAR-4 (Prostate Apoptosis Response 4) exhibits growth inhibitory effects in prostate cancer cells. Front Plant Sci 2015; 6:822. [PMID: 26500666 PMCID: PMC4595782 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2015.00822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The gene Par-4 (Prostate Apoptosis Response 4) was originally identified in prostate cancer cells undergoing apoptosis and its product Par-4 showed cancer specific pro-apoptotic activity. Particularly, the SAC domain of Par-4 (SAC-Par-4) selectively kills cancer cells leaving normal cells unaffected. The therapeutic significance of bioactive SAC-Par-4 is enormous in cancer biology; however, its large scale production is still a matter of concern. Here we report the production of SAC-Par-4-GFP fusion protein coupled to translational enhancer sequence (5' AMV) and apoplast signal peptide (aTP) in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum cv. Samsun NN plants under the control of a unique recombinant promoter M24. Transgene integration was confirmed by genomic DNA PCR, Southern and Northern blotting, Real-time PCR, and Nuclear run-on assays. Results of Western blot analysis and ELISA confirmed expression of recombinant SAC-Par-4-GFP protein and it was as high as 0.15% of total soluble protein. In addition, we found that targeting of plant recombinant SAC-Par-4-GFP to the apoplast and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was essential for the stability of plant recombinant protein in comparison to the bacterial derived SAC-Par-4. Deglycosylation analysis demonstrated that ER-targeted SAC-Par-4-GFP-SEKDEL undergoes O-linked glycosylation unlike apoplast-targeted SAC-Par-4-GFP. Furthermore, various in vitro studies like mammalian cells proliferation assay (MTT), apoptosis induction assays, and NF-κB suppression suggested the cytotoxic and apoptotic properties of plant-derived SAC-Par-4-GFP against multiple prostate cancer cell lines. Additionally, pre-treatment of MAT-LyLu prostate cancer cells with purified SAC-Par-4-GFP significantly delayed the onset of tumor in a syngeneic rat prostate cancer model. Taken altogether, we proclaim that plant made SAC-Par-4 may become a useful alternate therapy for effectively alleviating cancer in the new era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Sarkar
- Department of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Government of IndiaBhubaneswar, India
| | - Sumeet Jain
- Department of Translational Research and Technology Development, Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Government of IndiaBhubaneswar, India
- Manipal UniversityManipal, India
| | - Vineeta Rai
- Department of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Government of IndiaBhubaneswar, India
| | - Dipak K. Sahoo
- Kentucky Tobacco Research & Development Center, Plant Genetic Engineering Research and Services, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, LexingtonKY, USA
- Department of Agronomy, Iowa State University, AmesIA, USA
| | - Sumita Raha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, ChicagoIL, USA
| | - Sujit Suklabaidya
- Department of Translational Research and Technology Development, Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Government of IndiaBhubaneswar, India
| | - Shantibhusan Senapati
- Department of Translational Research and Technology Development, Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Government of IndiaBhubaneswar, India
| | - Vivek M. Rangnekar
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, LexingtonKY, USA
| | - Indu B. Maiti
- Kentucky Tobacco Research & Development Center, Plant Genetic Engineering Research and Services, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, LexingtonKY, USA
- *Correspondence: Nrisingha Dey, Department of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751 023, India, ; Indu B. Maiti, Kentucky Tobacco Research & Development Center, Plant Genetic Engineering Research and Services, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA,
| | - Nrisingha Dey
- Department of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Government of IndiaBhubaneswar, India
- *Correspondence: Nrisingha Dey, Department of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, Nalco Square, Chandrasekharpur, Bhubaneswar, Odisha-751 023, India, ; Indu B. Maiti, Kentucky Tobacco Research & Development Center, Plant Genetic Engineering Research and Services, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA,
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Shrestha-Bhattarai T, Burikhanov R, Hebbar N, Qiu S, Zhao Y, Zambetti GP, Rangnekar VM. Abstract A52: Paracrine apoptotic effect of the tumor suppressor p53 is mediated by secreted Par-4. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.chtme14-a52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The guardian of the genome, p53, is mutated or functionally inactivated in a majority of human cancers. However, p53 in normal cells is intact and functional. In the present study, we tested the potential of wild-type p53 in normal tissues to inhibit the growth of p53-deficient cancer cells. Co-culture experiments of normal fibroblasts with cancer cells revealed that specific activation of p53 in normal fibroblasts selectively induced apoptosis in p53-deficient cancer cells. Moreover, this paracrine apoptotic effect of p53 was attributed to an enhanced secretion of the tumor suppressor Par-4 in response to p53 activation. Mechanistically, p53 represses the expression of UACA, a binding partner of Par-4, by directly binding to its signature motif in the UACA gene. Down-regulation of UACA expression liberates Par-4 from sequestration, and thus induces its secretion. Consistent with our cell culture studies, animal experiments also show that activation of p53 results in an elevation of systemic Par-4 levels in p53+/+ mice, which can induce apoptosis in p53-deficient cancer cells in ex vivo experiments. By contrast, p53 activators failed to induce this paracrine effect in p53-/- or Par-4-/- mice. Thus, by activating wild-type p53, normal cells can be empowered to inhibit tumor growth, progression, and metastasis.
Citation Format: Tripti Shrestha-Bhattarai, Ravshan Burikhanov, Nikhil Hebbar, Shirley Qiu, Yanming Zhao, Gerard P. Zambetti, Vivek M. Rangnekar. Paracrine apoptotic effect of the tumor suppressor p53 is mediated by secreted Par-4. [abstract]. In: Abstracts: AACR Special Conference on Cellular Heterogeneity in the Tumor Microenvironment; 2014 Feb 26-Mar 1; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(1 Suppl):Abstract nr A52. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.CHTME14-A52
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Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes play an important role in preventing neoplastic transformation and maintaining normal tissue homeostasis. Par-4 is one such tumor suppressor which is unique in its ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells while leaving the normal cells unaffected. The cancer cell specific activity of Par-4 is elicited through intracellular as well as extracellular mechanisms. Intracellularly Par-4 acts through the inhibition of pro-survival pathways and activation of Fas mediated apoptosis whereas extracellular (secreted Par-4) acts by binding to cell surface GRP78 leading to activation of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway. Many studies have highlighted the importance of Par-4 not only in preventing cancer development/recurrence but also as a promising anticancer therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Hebbar
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Combs Building Room 326, Lexington, KY, USA
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Padhma Ranganathan
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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30
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Burikhanov R, Sviripa VM, Hebbar N, Zhang W, Layton WJ, Hamza A, Zhan CG, Watt DS, Liu C, Rangnekar VM. Arylquins target vimentin to trigger Par-4 secretion for tumor cell apoptosis. Nat Chem Biol 2014; 10:924-926. [PMID: 25218743 PMCID: PMC4201913 DOI: 10.1038/nchembio.1631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein Par-4, which is secreted by normal cells, selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells. We identified a 3-arylquinoline derivative, designated Arylquin 1, as a potent Par-4 secretagogue in cell cultures and mice. Mechanistically, Arylquin 1 binds to vimentin, displaces Par-4 from vimentin for secretion and triggers the efficient paracrine apoptosis of diverse cancer cells. Thus, targeting vimentin with Par-4 secretagogues efficiently induces paracrine apoptosis of tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravshan Burikhanov
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Vitaliy M Sviripa
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Nikhil Hebbar
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - W John Layton
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Adel Hamza
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Molecular Modeling and Biopharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - David S Watt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Chunming Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Department of Radiation Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Graduate Center for Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536.,Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536
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31
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de Thonel A, Hazoumé A, Kochin V, Isoniemi K, Jego G, Fourmaux E, Hammann A, Mjahed H, Filhol O, Micheau O, Rocchi P, Mezger V, Eriksson JE, Rangnekar VM, Garrido C. Regulation of the proapoptotic functions of prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) by casein kinase 2 in prostate cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1016. [PMID: 24457960 PMCID: PMC4040712 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The proapoptotic protein, prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4), acts as a tumor suppressor in prostate cancer cells. The serine/threonine kinase casein kinase 2 (CK2) has a well-reported role in prostate cancer resistance to apoptotic agents or anticancer drugs. However, the mechanistic understanding on how CK2 supports survival is far from complete. In this work, we demonstrate both in rat and humans that (i) Par-4 is a new substrate of the survival kinase CK2 and (ii) phosphorylation by CK2 impairs Par-4 proapoptotic functions. We also unravel different levels of CK2-dependent regulation of Par-4 between species. In rats, the phosphorylation by CK2 at the major site, S124, prevents caspase-mediated Par-4 cleavage (D123) and consequently impairs the proapoptotic function of Par-4. In humans, CK2 strongly impairs the apoptotic properties of Par-4, independently of the caspase-mediated cleavage of Par-4 (D131), by triggering the phosphorylation at residue S231. Furthermore, we show that human Par-4 residue S231 is highly phosphorylated in prostate cancer cells as compared with their normal counterparts. Finally, the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to apoptosis by CK2 knockdown is significantly reversed by parallel knockdown of Par-4. Thus, Par-4 seems a critical target of CK2 that could be exploited for the development of new anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A de Thonel
- 1] INSERM U866, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France [2] Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - A Hazoumé
- 1] INSERM U866, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France [2] Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - V Kochin
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo-shi, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - K Isoniemi
- 1] Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland [2] Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, Turku, Finland
| | - G Jego
- 1] INSERM U866, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France [2] Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - E Fourmaux
- 1] INSERM U866, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France [2] Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - A Hammann
- 1] INSERM U866, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France [2] Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - H Mjahed
- 1] INSERM U866, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France [2] Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - O Filhol
- INSERM U1036, DSV/iRTSV/CEA, Grenoble, France
| | - O Micheau
- 1] INSERM U866, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France [2] Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - P Rocchi
- 1] INSERM, U624 'Stress Cellulaire', Marseille, France [2] Aix-Marseille Université, Campus de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - V Mezger
- 1] CNRS, UMR7216 Épigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, 35 rue Hélène Brion, Paris, France [2] University Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 35 rue Hélène Brion, Paris, France
| | - J E Eriksson
- 1] Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland [2] Department of Biosciences, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6B, Turku, Finland
| | - V M Rangnekar
- 1] Department of Radiation Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA [2] Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Lexington, KY, USA [3] Graduate Center for Toxicology, Lexington, KY, USA [4] Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - C Garrido
- 1] INSERM U866, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France [2] Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France [3] Anticancer Center Jean François Leclerc, Dijon, France
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Burikhanov R, Shrestha-Bhattarai T, Hebbar N, Qiu S, Zhao Y, Zambetti GP, Rangnekar VM. Paracrine apoptotic effect of p53 mediated by tumor suppressor Par-4. Cell Rep 2014; 6:271-7. [PMID: 24412360 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2013.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2013] [Revised: 11/25/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The guardian of the genome, p53, is often mutated in cancer and may contribute to therapeutic resistance. Given that p53 is intact and functional in normal tissues, we harnessed its potential to inhibit the growth of p53-deficient cancer cells. Specific activation of p53 in normal fibroblasts selectively induced apoptosis in p53-deficient cancer cells. This paracrine effect was mediated by p53-dependent secretion of the tumor suppressor Par-4. Accordingly, the activation of p53 in normal mice, but not p53(-)/(-) or Par-4(-)/(-) mice, caused systemic elevation of Par-4, which induced apoptosis of p53-deficient tumor cells. Mechanistically, p53 induced Par-4 secretion by suppressing the expression of its binding partner, UACA, which sequesters Par-4. Thus, normal cells can be empowered by p53 activation to induce Par-4 secretion for the inhibition of therapy-resistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravshan Burikhanov
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | | | - Nikhil Hebbar
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Shirley Qiu
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Yanming Zhao
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Gerard P Zambetti
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Vivek M Rangnekar
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; L.P. Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
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Abstract
Therapy resistance and disease recurrence are two of the most challenging aspects in breast cancer treatment. A recent article in Cancer Cell makes a significant contribution toward a better understanding of this therapeutic problem by establishing downregulation of the tumor suppressor Par-4 as the primary determinant of breast cancer recurrence. This viewpoint brings forth the importance of their findings and its implications on future research and therapy.
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Abstract
Women suffering from breast cancer often succumb to incurable recurrent disease resulting from therapy-resistant cancer cells. In this issue of Cancer Cell, Alvarez and colleagues identify downregulation of the tumor suppressor Par-4 as the key determinant in apoptosis evasion, which leads to tumor recurrence in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nikhil Hebbar
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Vivek M. Rangnekar
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- L. P. Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Address for correspondence: Vivek M. Rangnekar, Ph.D. University of Kentucky Lexington, KY.,
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Pereira MC, de Bessa-Garcia SA, Burikhanov R, Pavanelli AC, Antunes L, Rangnekar VM, Nagai MA. Prostate apoptosis response-4 is involved in the apoptosis response to docetaxel in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:531-8. [PMID: 23760770 PMCID: PMC4035780 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental evidence indicates that prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4, also known as PAWR) is a key regulator of cancer cell survival and may be a target for cancer-selective targeted therapeutics. Par-4 was first identified in prostate cancer cells undergoing apoptosis. Both intracellular and extracellular Par-4 have been implicated in apoptosis. Relatively little is known about the role of Par-4 in breast cancer cell apoptosis. In this study, we sought to investigate the effects of Par-4 expression on cell proliferation, apoptosis and drug sensitivity in breast cancer cells. MCF-7 cells were stably transfected with expression vectors for Par-4, or transiently transfected with siRNA for Par-4 knockdown. Cell proliferation assays were performed using MTT and apoptosis was evaluated using acridine orange staining, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Par-4 overexpression reduced MCF-7 proliferation rates. Conversely, Par-4 knockdown led to increased MCF-7 proliferation. Par-4 downregulation also led to increased BCL-2 and reduced BID expression. Par-4 overexpression did not affect the cell cycle profile. However, MCF-7 cells with increased Par-4 expression showed reduced ERK phosphorylation, suggesting that the inhibition of cell proliferation promoted by Par-4 may be mediated by the MAPK/ERK1/2 pathway. MCF-7 cells with increased Par-4 expression showed a marginal increase in early apoptotic cells. Importantly, we found that Par-4 expression modulates apoptosis in response to docetaxel in MCF7 breast cancer cells. Par-4 exerts growth inhibitory effects on breast cancer cells and chemosensitizes them to docetaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelly C Pereira
- Discipline of Oncology, Department of Radiology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, CEP 01246-903, São Paulo, Brazil
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Burikhanov R, Shrestha-Bhattarai T, Qiu S, Shukla N, Hebbar N, Lele SM, Horbinski C, Rangnekar VM. Novel mechanism of apoptosis resistance in cancer mediated by extracellular PAR-4. Cancer Res 2012. [PMID: 23204231 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-12-3212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor PAR-4 acts in part by modulating sensitivity to apoptosis, but the basis for its activity is not fully understood. In this study, we describe a novel mechanism of antiapoptosis by NF-κB, revealing that it can block PAR-4-mediated apoptosis by downregulating trafficking of the PAR-4 receptor GRP78 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. Mechanistic investigations revealed that NF-κB mediated this antiapoptotic mechanism by upregulating expression of UACA, a proinflammatory protein in certain disease settings. In clinical specimens of cancer, a strong correlation existed between NF-κB activity and UACA expression, relative to normal tissues. UACA bound to intracellular PAR-4 in diverse cancer cells, where it prevented translocation of GRP78 from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cell surface. This pathway of antiapoptosis could be inhibited by suppressing levels of NF-κB or UACA expression, which enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress and restored GRP78 trafficking to the cell surface, thereby sensitizing cancer cells to apoptosis by extracellular PAR-4 or GRP78 agonistic antibody. In summary, our results identify a novel intracellular pathway of apoptosis mediated by NF-κB through UACA elevation, which by attenuating endoplasmic reticulum stress and GRP78 translocation to the cell surface can blunt the sensitivity of cancer cells to apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravshan Burikhanov
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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38
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Abstract
Par-4 is a pro-apoptotic, tumor suppressor protein that induces apoptosis selectively in cancer cells. Endoplasmic reticulum-stress and higher levels of protein kinase A in tumor cells confer the coveted feature of cancer selective response to extracellular and intracellular Par-4, respectively. Recent studies have shown that systemic Par-4 confers resistance to tumor growth in mice, and that tumor-resistance is transferable by bone-marrow transplantation. Moreover, recombinant Par-4 inhibits the growth of tumors in mice. As systemic Par-4 induces apoptosis via cell surface GRP78, strategies that promote GRP78 trafficking to the cell surface are expected sensitize cancer cells to circulating levels of Par-4. This review illustrates the domains and mechanisms by which Par-4 orchestrates the apoptotic process in both cell culture models and in physiological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Hebbar
- Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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39
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Warren GW, Romano MA, Kudrimoti MR, Randall ME, McGarry RC, Singh AK, Rangnekar VM. Nicotinic modulation of therapeutic response in vitro and in vivo. Int J Cancer 2012; 131:2519-27. [PMID: 22447412 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco use significantly increases the risk of developing cancer. Moreover, there is growing evidence that tobacco use decreases survival in cancer patients. Nicotine, a systemically available component of tobacco, is associated with tumor promotion and decreased apoptosis in cell culture; however, the role of nicotine on response to radiotherapy (RT) or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) in vivo has not been evaluated. Our study evaluated the effects of nicotine administration on cancer cell survival in cell culture and mouse models. Nicotine increased survival in two cell lines following RT in vitro. Nicotine administration in mice during fractionated RT or CRT increased xenograft regrowth as compared to RT or CRT alone. Nicotine increased hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) expression in tumor xenografts without altering expression of carbonic-anhydrase, a clinical marker of tumor hypoxia. The effects of nicotine on HIF-1α expression were transient, returning to baseline levels within 2-3 days after nicotine removal. Further mechanistic studies indicated that inhibition of phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) prevented nicotine-mediated increases in HIF-1α expression as well as the prosurvival effects of nicotine on RT. These findings imply that during tobacco use, nicotine may function as a systemic agent through acute and reversible regulation of HIF-1α expression and a decreased therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham W Warren
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Warren GW, Arnold SM, Valentino JP, Gal TJ, Hyland AJ, Singh AK, Rangnekar VM, Cummings KM, Marshall JR, Kudrimoti MR. Accuracy of self-reported tobacco assessments in a head and neck cancer treatment population. Radiother Oncol 2011; 103:45-8. [PMID: 22119370 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2011.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prospective analysis was performed of self-reported and biochemically confirmed tobacco use in 50 head and neck cancer patients during treatment. With 93.5% compliance to complete weekly self-report and biochemical confirmatory tests, 29.4% of smokers required biochemical assessment for identification. Accuracy increased by 14.9% with weekly vs. baseline self-reported assessments. Data confirm that head and neck cancer patients misrepresent true tobacco use during treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham W Warren
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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Zhao Y, Burikhanov R, Brandon J, Qiu S, Shelton BJ, Spear B, Bondada S, Bryson S, Rangnekar VM. Systemic Par-4 inhibits non-autochthonous tumor growth. Cancer Biol Ther 2011; 12:152-7. [PMID: 21613819 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.12.2.15734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein Par-4 (Prostate apoptosis response-4) is spontaneously secreted by normal and cancer cells. Extracellular Par-4 induces caspase-dependent apoptosis in cancer cell cultures by binding, via its effector SAC domain, to cell surface GRP78 receptor. However, the functional significance of extracellular Par-4/SAC has not been validated in animal models. We show that Par-4/SAC-transgenic mice express systemic Par-4/SAC protein and are resistant to the growth of non-autochthonous tumors. Consistently, secretory Par-4/SAC pro-apoptotic activity can be transferred from these cancer-resistant transgenic mice to cancer-susceptible mice by bone marrow transplantation. Moreover, intravenous injection of recombinant Par-4 or SAC protein inhibits metastasis of cancer cells. Collectively, our findings indicate that extracellular Par-4/SAC is systemically functional in inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis progression, and may merit investigation as a therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Zhao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA
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Bhattarai TS, Singh J, Qiu G, Machamer CE, Rangnekar VM. Abstract LB-133: Golgin-160 binds to the tumor suppressor Par-4 and attenuates its secretion. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2011-lb-133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a pro-apoptotic protein that selectively induces apoptosis in cancer cells but not in normal cells. Previously thought to function exclusively by intracellular mechanisms, Par-4 is now recognized to also utilize an extrinsic pathway that is coupled to intracellular Par-4 to mediate apoptosis. Par-4 is secreted by almost all cell types, and is detected in the conditioned medium of cultured cells or in the serum of animals. Systemic Par-4 inhibits tumor growth progression, yet the precise mechanism(s) involved in the regulation of Par-4 secretion has not been characterized. Par-4 secretion is induced by an increase in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress; this observation is paradoxical as protein secretion is generally inhibited by elevated ER stress. Toward the goal of investigating proteins that may directly bind and regulate Par-4 secretion, we performed a yeast two-hybrid analysis, as well as co-immunoprecipitation studies. These studies consistently identified the golgi peripheral membrane protein, Golgin-160, as a binding partner of Par-4. We further noted that Golgin-160 down-modulates the secretion of Par-4 in response to ER stress caused by tunicamycin. Our data suggest that Par-4 secretion is attenuated by binding to Golgin-160. This regulatory process may have important implications in microenvironments (for example, those involving inflammation) that have increased Golgin-160, as depleted Par-4 secretion may show greater propensity for transformation and malignant progression. Since Par-4 selectively induces apoptosis in transformed cells but not in normal/non-transformed cells, strategies to down-modulate Golgin-160 to promote Par-4 secretion may have broad implications in cancer therapeutics.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-133. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-LB-133
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaya Singh
- 2University of Kentucky, Department of Radiation Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Guofang Qiu
- 2University of Kentucky, Department of Radiation Medicine, Lexington, KY
| | - Carolyn E. Machamer
- 3Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Baltimore, MD
| | - Vivek M. Rangnekar
- 4University of Kentucky, Departments of Radiation Medicine and Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, Graduate Center for Toxicology, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY
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Abstract
Selectivity toward cancer cells is the most desirable element in cancer therapeutics. Par-4 is a cancer cell-selective proapoptotic protein that functions intracellularly in the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments as a tumor suppressor. Moreover, recent findings indicate that the Par-4 protein is secreted by cells, and extracellular Par-4 induces cancer cell-specific apoptosis by interaction with the cell-surface receptor GRP78. This review describes the mechanisms underlying the apoptotic effects of both extracellular and intracellular Par-4 acting through its effector domain SAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Schwarze
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Burikhanov R, Zhao Y, Goswami A, Qiu S, Schwarze SR, Rangnekar VM. The tumor suppressor Par-4 activates an extrinsic pathway for apoptosis. Cell 2009; 138:377-88. [PMID: 19632185 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2009.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2008] [Revised: 01/14/2009] [Accepted: 05/01/2009] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) is a proapoptotic protein with intracellular functions in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Unexpectedly, we noted Par-4 protein is spontaneously secreted by normal and cancer cells in culture, and by Par-4 transgenic mice that are resistant to spontaneous tumors. Short exposure to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-inducing agents further increased cellular secretion of Par-4 by a brefeldin A-sensitive pathway. Secretion occurred independently of caspase activation and apoptosis. Interestingly, extracellular Par-4 induced apoptosis by binding to the stress response protein, glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP78), expressed at the surface of cancer cells. The interaction of extracellular Par-4 and cell surface GRP78 led to apoptosis via ER stress and activation of the FADD/caspase-8/caspase-3 pathway. Moreover, apoptosis inducible by TRAIL, which also exerts cancer cell-specific effects, is dependent on extracellular Par-4 signaling via cell surface GRP78. Thus, Par-4 activates an extrinsic pathway involving cell surface GRP78 receptor for induction of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravshan Burikhanov
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Park S, Zhao D, Hatanpaa KJ, Mickey BE, Saha D, Boothman DA, Story MD, Wong ET, Burma S, Georgescu MM, Rangnekar VM, Chauncey SS, Habib AA. RIP1 activates PI3K-Akt via a dual mechanism involving NF-kappaB-mediated inhibition of the mTOR-S6K-IRS1 negative feedback loop and down-regulation of PTEN. Cancer Res 2009; 69:4107-11. [PMID: 19435890 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) in cancer is complicated by the existence of a negative feedback loop linking mTOR to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt pathway. Thus, mTOR inhibition by rapamycin or TSC1/2 results in increased PI3K-Akt activation. The death domain kinase receptor interacting protein 1 (RIP1) plays a key role in nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation and also activates the PI3K-Akt pathway through unknown mechanisms. RIP1 has recently been found to be overexpressed in glioblastoma multiforme, the most common adult primary malignant brain tumor, but not in grade II to III glioma. Our data suggest that RIP1 activates PI3K-Akt using dual mechanisms by removing the two major brakes on PI3K-Akt activity. First, increased expression of RIP1 activates PI3K-Akt by interrupting the mTOR negative feedback loop. However, unlike other signals that regulate mTOR activity without affecting its level, RIP1 negatively regulates mTOR transcription via a NF-kappaB-dependent mechanism. The second mechanism used by RIP1 to activate PI3K-Akt is down-regulation of cellular PTEN levels, which appears to be independent of NF-kappaB activation. The clinical relevance of these findings is highlighted by the demonstration that RIP1 levels correlate with activation of Akt in glioblastoma multiforme. Thus, our study shows that RIP1 regulates key components of the PTEN-PI3K-Akt-mTOR pathway and elucidates a novel negative regulation of mTOR signaling at the transcriptional level by the NF-kappaB pathway. Our data suggest that the RIP1-NF-kappaB status of tumors may influence response to treatments targeting the PTEN-PI3K-mTOR signaling axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seongmi Park
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390-8813, USA
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Abstract
Par-4 is a tumor suppressor protein with a pro-apoptotic function. Epigenetic silencing of Par-4 is seen in diverse tumors and Par-4 knockout mice develop spontaneous tumors in various tissues. Endogenous Par-4 is essential for sensitization of cells to diverse apoptotic stimuli, whereas ectopic expression of Par-4 can selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells. The cancer-specific pro-apoptotic action of Par-4 resides in its centrally located SAC domain. This review emphasizes the role of Par-4/SAC in apoptosis and tumor resistance. SAC transgenic mice display normal development and life span, and, most importantly, are resistant to spontaneous, as well as oncogene-induced, autochthonous tumors. The tumor resistant phenotype and undetectable toxicity of SAC in vivo suggests the SAC domain possesses tremendous therapeutic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanming Zhao
- Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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Azmi AS, Wang Z, Burikhanov R, Rangnekar VM, Wang G, Chen J, Wang S, Sarkar FH, Mohammad RM. Critical role of prostate apoptosis response-4 in determining the sensitivity of pancreatic cancer cells to small-molecule inhibitor-induced apoptosis. Mol Cancer Ther 2008; 7:2884-93. [PMID: 18790769 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-08-0438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Role of prostate apoptosis response-4 (PAR-4) has been well described in prostate cancer. However, its significance in other cancers has not been fully elucidated. For the current study, we selected four pancreatic cancer cell lines (BxPC-3, Colo-357, L3.6pl, and HPAC) that showed differential endogenous expression of PAR-4. We found that nonpeptidic small-molecule inhibitors (SMI) of Bcl-2 family proteins (apogossypolone and TW-37; 250 nmol/L and 1 micromol/L, respectively) could induce PAR-4-dependent inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis. Sensitivity to apoptosis was directly related to the expression levels of PAR-4 (R = 0.92 and R2 = 0.95). Conversely, small interfering RNA against PAR-4 blocked apoptosis, confirming that PAR-4 is a key player in the apoptotic process. PAR-4 nuclear localization is considered a prerequisite for cells to undergo apoptosis, and we found that the treatment of Colo-357 and L3.6pl cells with 250 nmol/L SMI leads to nuclear localization of PAR-4 as confirmed by 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. In combination studies with gemcitabine, pretreatment with SMI leads to sensitization of Colo-357 cells to the growth-inhibitory and apoptotic action of a therapeutic drug, gemcitabine. In an in vivo setting, the maximum tolerated dose of TW-37 in xenograft of severe combined immunodeficient mice (40 mg/kg for three i.v. injections) led to significant tumor inhibition. Our results suggest that the observed antitumor activity of SMIs is mediated through a novel pathway involving induction of PAR-4. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting SMI-mediated apoptosis involving PAR-4 in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asfar Sohail Azmi
- Department of Pathology, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Karmanos Cancer Institute, 732 HWCRC, 4100 John R Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Goswami A, Qiu S, Dexheimer TS, Ranganathan P, Burikhanov R, Pommier Y, Rangnekar VM. Par-4 binds to topoisomerase 1 and attenuates its DNA relaxation activity. Cancer Res 2008; 68:6190-8. [PMID: 18676842 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-0831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The regulation of DNA relaxation by topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) is essential for DNA replication, transcription, and recombination events. TOP1 activity is elevated in cancer cells, yet the regulatory mechanism restraining its activity is not understood. We present evidence that the tumor suppressor protein prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) directly binds to TOP1 and attenuates its DNA relaxation activity. Unlike camptothecin, which binds at the TOP1-DNA interface to form cleavage complexes, Par-4 interacts with TOP1 via its leucine zipper domain and sequesters TOP1 from the DNA. Par-4 knockdown by RNA interference enhances DNA relaxation and gene transcription activities and promotes cellular transformation in a TOP1-dependent manner. Conversely, attenuation of TOP1 activity either by RNA interference or Par-4 overexpression impedes DNA relaxation, cell cycle progression, and gene transcription activities and inhibits transformation. Collectively, our findings suggest that Par-4 serves as an intracellular repressor of TOP1 catalytic activity and regulates DNA topology to suppress cellular transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Goswami
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Wheeler
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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