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Crist RC, Doyle GA, Nelson EC, Degenhardt L, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Saxon AJ, Ling W, Berrettini WH. A polymorphism in the OPRM1 3'-untranslated region is associated with methadone efficacy in treating opioid dependence. Pharmacogenomics J 2016; 18:173-179. [PMID: 27958381 PMCID: PMC5468510 DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2016.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The mu-opioid receptor (MOR) is the primary target of methadone and buprenorphine. The primary neuronal transcript of the OPRM1 gene, MOR-1, contains a ~13kb 3′ untranslated region with five common haplotypes in European-Americans. We analyzed the effects of these haplotypes on the percentage of opioid positive urine tests in European-Americans (n = 582) during a 24-week, randomized, open-label trial of methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone (Suboxone) for the treatment of opioid dependence. A single haplotype, tagged by rs10485058, was significantly associated with patient urinalysis data in the methadone treatment group. Methadone patients with the A/A genotype at rs10485058 were less likely to have opioid-positive urine drug screens than those in the combined A/G and G/G genotypes group (Relative Risk = 0.76, 95% confidence intervals = 0.73–0.80, p = 0.0064). Genotype at rs10485058 also predicted self-reported relapse rates in an independent population of Australian patients of European descent (n = 1215) who were receiving opioid substitution therapy (p = 0.003). In silico analysis predicted that miR-95-3p would interact with the G, but not the A allele of rs10485058. Luciferase assays indicated miR-95-3p decreased reporter activity of constructs containing the G, but not the A allele of rs10485058, suggesting a potential mechanism for the observed pharmacogenetic effect. These findings suggest that selection of a medication for opioid dependence based on rs10485058 genotype might improve outcomes in this ethnic group.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Crist
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, PA, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - G A Doyle
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, PA, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - E C Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - L Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G W Montgomery
- The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - A J Saxon
- Veteran's Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W Ling
- University of California, Los Angeles, Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - W H Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, PA, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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Boraska V, Franklin CS, Floyd JAB, Thornton LM, Huckins LM, Southam L, Rayner NW, Tachmazidou I, Klump KL, Treasure J, Lewis CM, Schmidt U, Tozzi F, Kiezebrink K, Hebebrand J, Gorwood P, Adan RAH, Kas MJH, Favaro A, Santonastaso P, Fernández-Aranda F, Gratacos M, Rybakowski F, Dmitrzak-Weglarz M, Kaprio J, Keski-Rahkonen A, Raevuori A, Van Furth EF, Slof-Op 't Landt MCT, Hudson JI, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Knudsen GPS, Monteleone P, Kaplan AS, Karwautz A, Hakonarson H, Berrettini WH, Guo Y, Li D, Schork NJ, Komaki G, Ando T, Inoko H, Esko T, Fischer K, Männik K, Metspalu A, Baker JH, Cone RD, Dackor J, DeSocio JE, Hilliard CE, O'Toole JK, Pantel J, Szatkiewicz JP, Taico C, Zerwas S, Trace SE, Davis OSP, Helder S, Bühren K, Burghardt R, de Zwaan M, Egberts K, Ehrlich S, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Herzog W, Imgart H, Scherag A, Scherag S, Zipfel S, Boni C, Ramoz N, Versini A, Brandys MK, Danner UN, de Kovel C, Hendriks J, Koeleman BPC, Ophoff RA, Strengman E, van Elburg AA, Bruson A, Clementi M, Degortes D, Forzan M, Tenconi E, Docampo E, Escaramís G, Jiménez-Murcia S, Lissowska J, Rajewski A, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Slopien A, Hauser J, Karhunen L, Meulenbelt I, Slagboom PE, Tortorella A, Maj M, Dedoussis G, Dikeos D, Gonidakis F, Tziouvas K, Tsitsika A, Papezova H, Slachtova L, Martaskova D, Kennedy JL, Levitan RD, Yilmaz Z, Huemer J, Koubek D, Merl E, Wagner G, Lichtenstein P, Breen G, Cohen-Woods S, Farmer A, McGuffin P, Cichon S, Giegling I, Herms S, Rujescu D, Schreiber S, Wichmann HE, Dina C, Sladek R, Gambaro G, Soranzo N, Julia A, Marsal S, Rabionet R, Gaborieau V, Dick DM, Palotie A, Ripatti S, Widén E, Andreassen OA, Espeseth T, Lundervold A, Reinvang I, Steen VM, Le Hellard S, Mattingsdal M, Ntalla I, Bencko V, Foretova L, Janout V, Navratilova M, Gallinger S, Pinto D, Scherer SW, Aschauer H, Carlberg L, Schosser A, Alfredsson L, Ding B, Klareskog L, Padyukov L, Courtet P, Guillaume S, Jaussent I, Finan C, Kalsi G, Roberts M, Logan DW, Peltonen L, Ritchie GRS, Barrett JC, Estivill X, Hinney A, Sullivan PF, Collier DA, Zeggini E, Bulik CM. A genome-wide association study of anorexia nervosa. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:1085-94. [PMID: 24514567 PMCID: PMC4325090 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2013.187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex and heritable eating disorder characterized by dangerously low body weight. Neither candidate gene studies nor an initial genome-wide association study (GWAS) have yielded significant and replicated results. We performed a GWAS in 2907 cases with AN from 14 countries (15 sites) and 14 860 ancestrally matched controls as part of the Genetic Consortium for AN (GCAN) and the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium 3 (WTCCC3). Individual association analyses were conducted in each stratum and meta-analyzed across all 15 discovery data sets. Seventy-six (72 independent) single nucleotide polymorphisms were taken forward for in silico (two data sets) or de novo (13 data sets) replication genotyping in 2677 independent AN cases and 8629 European ancestry controls along with 458 AN cases and 421 controls from Japan. The final global meta-analysis across discovery and replication data sets comprised 5551 AN cases and 21 080 controls. AN subtype analyses (1606 AN restricting; 1445 AN binge-purge) were performed. No findings reached genome-wide significance. Two intronic variants were suggestively associated: rs9839776 (P=3.01 × 10(-7)) in SOX2OT and rs17030795 (P=5.84 × 10(-6)) in PPP3CA. Two additional signals were specific to Europeans: rs1523921 (P=5.76 × 10(-)(6)) between CUL3 and FAM124B and rs1886797 (P=8.05 × 10(-)(6)) near SPATA13. Comparing discovery with replication results, 76% of the effects were in the same direction, an observation highly unlikely to be due to chance (P=4 × 10(-6)), strongly suggesting that true findings exist but our sample, the largest yet reported, was underpowered for their detection. The accrual of large genotyped AN case-control samples should be an immediate priority for the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Boraska
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [2] University of Split School of Medicine, Split, Croatia
| | - C S Franklin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - J A B Floyd
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [2] William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, John Vane Science Centre, Charterhouse Square, London, UK
| | - L M Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - L M Huckins
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Southam
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - N W Rayner
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [2] Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics (WTCHG), University of Oxford, Oxford, UK [3] Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism (OCDEM), Oxford, UK
| | - I Tachmazidou
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - K L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - J Treasure
- Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - C M Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - U Schmidt
- Section of Eating Disorders, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - F Tozzi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - K Kiezebrink
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - J Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P Gorwood
- 1] INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France [2] Sainte-Anne Hospital (CMME), University of Paris-Descartes, Paris, France
| | - R A H Adan
- 1] Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - M J H Kas
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Favaro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - P Santonastaso
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - F Fernández-Aranda
- 1] Department of Psychiatry and CIBERON, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain [2] Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Gratacos
- 1] Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain [3] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain [4] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - F Rybakowski
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Dmitrzak-Weglarz
- Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Kaprio
- 1] Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [3] Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - A Raevuori
- 1] Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Department of Adolescent Psychiatry, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E F Van Furth
- 1] Center for Eating Disorders Ursula, Leidschendam, The Netherlands [2] Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M C T Slof-Op 't Landt
- 1] Center for Eating Disorders Ursula, Leidschendam, The Netherlands [2] Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - J I Hudson
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - T Reichborn-Kjennerud
- 1] Department of Genetics, Environment and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway [2] Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - G P S Knudsen
- Department of Genetics, Environment and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - P Monteleone
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy [2] Chair of Psychiatry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - A S Kaplan
- 1] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - A Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Hakonarson
- 1] The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA [2] The Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - W H Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Y Guo
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D Li
- The Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - N J Schork
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine and The Scripps Translational Science Institute, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - G Komaki
- 1] Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan [2] School of Health Sciences at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Ando
- Department of Psychosomatic Research, National Institute of Mental Health, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan
| | - H Inoko
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - T Esko
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - K Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - K Männik
- 1] Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia [2] Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Metspalu
- 1] Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia [2] Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J H Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - R D Cone
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J Dackor
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - J E DeSocio
- Seattle University College of Nursing, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C E Hilliard
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - J Pantel
- Centre de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences - Inserm U894, Paris, France
| | - J P Szatkiewicz
- Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - C Taico
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S Zerwas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - S E Trace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - O S P Davis
- 1] Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK [2] Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, UCL Genetics Institute, London, UK
| | - S Helder
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K Bühren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinics RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - R Burghardt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - M de Zwaan
- 1] Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany [2] Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - K Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - S Ehrlich
- 1] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden University of Technology, Dresden, Germany [2] Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Psychiatric Neuroimaging Research Program, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - B Herpertz-Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University Clinics RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - W Herzog
- Departments of Psychosocial and Internal Medicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Imgart
- Parklandklinik, Bad Wildungen, Germany
| | - A Scherag
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S Scherag
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - S Zipfel
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - C Boni
- INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - N Ramoz
- INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - A Versini
- INSERM U894, Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Paris, France
| | - M K Brandys
- 1] Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands [2] Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - U N Danner
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - C de Kovel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Hendriks
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Department of Translational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B P C Koeleman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R A Ophoff
- 1] Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA [2] Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Strengman
- Department of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A A van Elburg
- 1] Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld, Zeist, The Netherlands [2] Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A Bruson
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Clementi
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - D Degortes
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - M Forzan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E Tenconi
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - E Docampo
- 1] Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain [3] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain [4] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - G Escaramís
- 1] Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain [3] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain [4] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Jiménez-Murcia
- 1] Department of Psychiatry and CIBERON, University Hospital of Bellvitge-IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain [2] Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Lissowska
- M. Sklodowska-Curie Cancer Center and Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Rajewski
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Lodz, Poland
| | - N Szeszenia-Dabrowska
- Department of Epidemiology, Institute of Occupational Medicine, Department of Epidemiology, Lodz, Poland
| | - A Slopien
- Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Hauser
- Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - L Karhunen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - I Meulenbelt
- Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P E Slagboom
- 1] Molecular Epidemiology Section, Department of Medical Statistics, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands [2] Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Tortorella
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - M Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Naples SUN, Naples, Italy
| | - G Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - D Dikeos
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - F Gonidakis
- Eating Disorders Unit, 1st Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - K Tziouvas
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - A Tsitsika
- Adolescent Health Unit (A.H.U.), 2nd Department of Pediatrics - Medical School, University of Athens 'P. & A. Kyriakou' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - H Papezova
- Department of Psychiatry, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Slachtova
- Department of Pediatrics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - D Martaskova
- Department of Psychiatry, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - J L Kennedy
- 1] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - R D Levitan
- 1] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Z Yilmaz
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA [2] Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Huemer
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - D Koubek
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - E Merl
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - G Wagner
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Cohen-Woods
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - A Farmer
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - P McGuffin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Cichon
- 1] Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany [2] Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center Jülich, Jülich, Germany [3] Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - I Giegling
- Klinikum der Medizinischen Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - S Herms
- 1] Department of Genomics, Life & Brain Center, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany [2] Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Rujescu
- Klinikum der Medizinischen Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - S Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - H-E Wichmann
- 1] Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany [2] Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - C Dina
- CNRS 8090-Institute of Biology, Pasteur Institute, Lille, France
| | - R Sladek
- McGill University and Genome Quebec Innovation Centre, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - G Gambaro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Columbus-Gemelly Hospitals, Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - N Soranzo
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Julia
- Unitat de Recerca de Reumatologia (URR), Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Marsal
- Unitat de Recerca de Reumatologia (URR), Institut de Recerca Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - R Rabionet
- 1] Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain [3] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain [4] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - V Gaborieau
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France
| | - D M Dick
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - A Palotie
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [2] The Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [3] The Program for Human and Population Genetics, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S Ripatti
- 1] The Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - E Widén
- 1] The Finnish Institute of Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland [2] Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - O A Andreassen
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - T Espeseth
- 1] NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway [2] Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - A Lundervold
- 1] Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Kavli Research Centre for Aging and Dementia, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway [3] K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - I Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - V M Steen
- 1] Department of Clinical Science, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre For Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Le Hellard
- 1] Department of Clinical Science, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre For Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway [2] Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - M Mattingsdal
- NORMENT, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Ntalla
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - V Bencko
- Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - L Foretova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - V Janout
- Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - M Navratilova
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - S Gallinger
- 1] University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada [2] Mount Sinai Hospital, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - D Pinto
- Departments of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Seaver Autism Center, and the Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - S W Scherer
- The Centre for Applied Genomics and Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - H Aschauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Carlberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Schosser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - L Alfredsson
- The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B Ding
- The Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Klareskog
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine at the Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - L Padyukov
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine at the Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Sweden
| | - P Courtet
- 1] Inserm, U1061, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France [2] Department of Emergency Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - S Guillaume
- 1] Inserm, U1061, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France [2] Department of Emergency Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - I Jaussent
- 1] Inserm, U1061, Université Montpellier 1, Montpellier, France [2] Department of Emergency Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Finan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - G Kalsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Roberts
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D W Logan
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - L Peltonen
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - G R S Ritchie
- 1] Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK [2] European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge
| | - J C Barrett
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - X Estivill
- 1] Genomics and Disease Group, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona, Spain [2] Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain [3] Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain [4] Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Universitätsklinikum Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P F Sullivan
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA [2] Department of Genetics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - D A Collier
- 1] Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK [2] Eli Lilly and Company, Erl Wood Manor, Windlesham, UK
| | - E Zeggini
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - C M Bulik
- 1] Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA [2] Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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Doyle GA, Schwebel CL, Ruiz SE, Chou AD, Lai AT, Wang MJ, Smith GG, Buono RJ, Berrettini WH, Ferraro TN. Analysis of candidate genes for morphine preference quantitative trait locus Mop2. Neuroscience 2014; 277:403-16. [PMID: 25058503 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Compared to DBA/2J (D2), C57BL/6J (B6) inbred mice exhibit strong morphine preference when tested using a two-bottle choice drinking paradigm. A morphine preference quantitative trait locus (QTL), Mop2, was originally mapped to proximal chromosome (Chr) 10 using a B6xD2 F2 intercross population, confirmed with reciprocal congenic strains and fine mapped with recombinant congenic strains. These efforts identified a ∼ 10-Million base pair (Mbp) interval, underlying Mop2, containing 35 genes. To further reduce the interval, mice from the D2.B6-Mop2-P1 congenic strain were backcrossed to parental D2 mice and two new recombinant strains of interest were generated: D2.B6-Mop2-P1.pD.dB and D2.B6-Mop2-P1.pD.dD. Results obtained from testing these strains in the two-bottle choice drinking paradigm suggest that the gene(s) responsible for the Mop2 QTL is one or more of 22 remaining within the newly defined interval (∼ 7.6 Mbp) which includes Oprm1 and several other genes related to opioid pharmacology. Real-time qRT-PCR analysis of Oprm1 and opioid-related genes Rgs17, Ppp1r14c, Vip, and Iyd revealed both between-strain and within-strain expression differences in comparisons of saline- and morphine-treated B6 and D2 mice. Analysis of Rgs17 protein levels also revealed both between-strain and within-strain differences in comparisons of saline- and morphine-treated B6 and D2 mice. Results suggest that the Mop2 QTL represents the combined influence of multiple genetic variants on morphine preference in these two strains. Relative contributions of each variant remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Doyle
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - C L Schwebel
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S E Ruiz
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A D Chou
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A T Lai
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M-J Wang
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - G G Smith
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Research Services, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Coatesville, PA, USA
| | - R J Buono
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - W H Berrettini
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T N Ferraro
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
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Gamazon ER, Badner JA, Cheng L, Zhang C, Zhang D, Cox NJ, Gershon ES, Kelsoe JR, Greenwood TA, Nievergelt CM, Chen C, McKinney R, Shilling PD, Schork NJ, Smith EN, Bloss CS, Nurnberger JI, Edenberg HJ, Foroud T, Koller DL, Scheftner WA, Coryell W, Rice J, Lawson WB, Nwulia EA, Hipolito M, Byerley W, McMahon FJ, Schulze TG, Berrettini WH, Potash JB, Zandi PP, Mahon PB, McInnis MG, Zöllner S, Zhang P, Craig DW, Szelinger S, Barrett TB, Liu C. Enrichment of cis-regulatory gene expression SNPs and methylation quantitative trait loci among bipolar disorder susceptibility variants. Mol Psychiatry 2013; 18:340-6. [PMID: 22212596 PMCID: PMC3601550 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2011.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a systematic study of top susceptibility variants from a genome-wide association (GWA) study of bipolar disorder to gain insight into the functional consequences of genetic variation influencing disease risk. We report here the results of experiments to explore the effects of these susceptibility variants on DNA methylation and mRNA expression in human cerebellum samples. Among the top susceptibility variants, we identified an enrichment of cis regulatory loci on mRNA expression (eQTLs), and a significant excess of quantitative trait loci for DNA CpG methylation, hereafter referred to as methylation quantitative trait loci (mQTLs). Bipolar disorder susceptibility variants that cis regulate both cerebellar expression and methylation of the same gene are a very small proportion of bipolar disorder susceptibility variants. This finding suggests that mQTLs and eQTLs provide orthogonal ways of functionally annotating genetic variation within the context of studies of pathophysiology in brain. No lymphocyte mQTL enrichment was found, suggesting that mQTL enrichment was specific to the cerebellum, in contrast to eQTLs. Separately, we found that using mQTL information to restrict the number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms studied enhances our ability to detect a significant association. With this restriction a priori informed by the observed functional enrichment, we identified a significant association (rs12618769, P(bonferroni)<0.05) from two other GWA studies (TGen+GAIN; 2191 cases and 1434 controls) of bipolar disorder, which we replicated in an independent GWA study (WTCCC). Collectively, our findings highlight the importance of integrating functional annotation of genetic variants for gene expression and DNA methylation to advance the biological understanding of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- ER Gamazon
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - JA Badner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Cheng
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - D Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Zhejiang, Hanzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - NJ Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - ES Gershon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - JR Kelsoe
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - TA Greenwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - CM Nievergelt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R McKinney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - PD Shilling
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - NJ Schork
- Scripps Genomic Medicine and Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - EN Smith
- Scripps Genomic Medicine and Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - CS Bloss
- Scripps Genomic Medicine and Scripps Translational Science Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - JI Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - HJ Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - T Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - DL Koller
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - WA Scheftner
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - W Coryell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - J Rice
- Division of Biostatistics, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - WB Lawson
- Department of Psychiatry, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - EA Nwulia
- Department of Psychiatry, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - M Hipolito
- Department of Psychiatry, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - W Byerley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - FJ McMahon
- Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Unit, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - TG Schulze
- Genetic Basis of Mood and Anxiety Disorders Unit, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, USA,Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - WH Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - JB Potash
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - PP Zandi
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - PB Mahon
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - MG McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S Zöllner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - P Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - DW Craig
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - S Szelinger
- Neurogenomics Division, The Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - TB Barrett
- Department of Psychiatry, Portland VA Medical Center, Portland, OR, USA
| | - C Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Human Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Crist RC, Ambrose-Lanci LM, Vaswani M, Clarke TK, Zeng A, Yuan C, Ferraro TN, Hakonarson H, Kampman KM, Dackis CA, Pettinati HM, O'Brien CP, Oslin DW, Doyle GA, Lohoff FW, Berrettini WH. Case-control association analysis of polymorphisms in the δ-opioid receptor, OPRD1, with cocaine and opioid addicted populations. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 127:122-8. [PMID: 22795689 PMCID: PMC3509227 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Revised: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Addiction susceptibility and treatment responsiveness are greatly influenced by genetic factors. Sequence variation in genes involved in the mechanisms of drug action have the potential to influence addiction risk and treatment outcome. The opioid receptor system is involved in mediating the rewarding effects of cocaine and opioids. The μ-opioid receptor (MOR) has traditionally been considered the primary target for opioid addiction. The MOR, however, interacts with and is regulated by many known MOR interacting proteins (MORIPs), including the δ-opioid receptor (DOR). METHODS The present study evaluated the contribution of OPRD1, the gene encoding the DOR, to the risk of addiction to opioids and cocaine. The association of OPRD1 polymorphisms with both opioid addiction (OA) and cocaine addiction (CA) was analyzed in African American (OA n=336, CA n=503) and European American (OA n=1007, CA n=336) populations. RESULTS The primary finding of this study is an association of rs678849 with cocaine addiction in African Americans (allelic p=0.0086). For replication purposes, this SNP was analyzed in a larger independent population of cocaine addicted African Americans and controls and the association was confirmed (allelic p=4.53 × 10(-5); n=993). By performing a meta-analysis on the expanded populations, the statistical evidence for an association was substantially increased (allelic p=8.5 × 10(-7)) (p-values non-FDR corrected). CONCLUSION The present study suggests that polymorphisms in OPRD1 are relevant for cocaine addiction in the African American population and provides additional support for a broad role for OPRD1 variants in drug dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Crist
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Abstract
Linkage studies have defined at least five bipolar (BP) disorder susceptibility loci that meet suggested guidelines for initial identification and subsequent confirmation. These loci, found on 18p11, 18q22, 21q21, 4p16, and Xq26, are targets for BP candidate gene investigations. Molecular dissection of expressed sequences for these regions is likely to yield specific BP susceptibility alleles in most cases, in all probability, these BP susceptibility alleles will be common in the general population, and, individually, will be neither necessary nor sufficient for manifestation syndrome. Additive or multiplicative oligogenic models involving several susceptibility loci appear most reasonable at present, it is hoped thai these BP susceptibility genes will increase understanding of many mysteries surrounding these disorders, including drug response, cycling patterns, age-of-onset, and modes of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Berrettini
- The department of Psychiatry and the Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania, USA
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Abstract
Nicotine addiction (NA) is a common and devastating disease, such that the annual number of deaths (world-wide) from tobacco-related diseases will double from 5 million in the year 2000 to 10 million in 2020. Nicotine is the only substance in tobacco which animals and humans will self-administer. NA, as a lifetime diagnosis, has been assessed in various approaches, including the concept of cigarettes per day (CPD). Other assessments of NA are somewhat more comprehensive, such as the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence or the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (fourth edition) diagnosis of nicotine dependence. These different measures have moderate agreement with one another. Twin, family and adoption studies have shown that these different assessments of NA have substantial heritability (that fraction of risk attributable to genetic factors). The heritability of NA has been estimated at 50-75%, depending on the definition and the population under study. DNA-based studies of NA have been somewhat successful in identifying a common haplotype, which increases risk for NA among European-origin populations. This haplotype explains a small amount of variance, accounting for ∼1 CPD, and it includes the α5 and the α3 nicotinic receptor subunit genes (CHRNA5 and CHRNA3). The review will focus on this implicated region. In this risk region, there is a common (among European-origin people) mis-sense single-nucleotide polymorphism in the CHRNA5 gene (D398N), which changes a conserved amino acid from aspartic acid to asparagine. The risk allele (398N) confers decreased calcium permeability and more extensive desensitization, according to in vitro cellular studies, raising the possibility that a positive allosteric modulator of the (α4β2)(2)α5 type of nicotinic receptor might have therapeutic potential in NA. There are other genetic influences on NA in this region, apart from the mis-sense variant, and additional biological experiments must be done to understand them.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Clarke TK, Ambrose-Lanci L, Ferraro TN, Berrettini WH, Kampman KM, Dackis CA, Pettinati HM, O'Brien CP, Oslin DW, Lohoff FW. Genetic association analyses of PDYN polymorphisms with heroin and cocaine addiction. Genes Brain Behav 2012; 11:415-23. [PMID: 22443215 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2012.00785.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Genetic factors are believed to account for 30-50% of the risk for cocaine and heroin addiction. Dynorphin peptides, derived from the prodynorphin (PDYN) precursor, bind to opioid receptors, preferentially the kappa-opioid receptor, and may mediate the aversive effects of drugs of abuse. Dynorphin peptides produce place aversion in animals and produce dysphoria in humans. Cocaine and heroin have both been shown to increase expression of PDYN in brain regions relevant for drug reward and use. Polymorphisms in PDYN are therefore hypothesized to increase risk for addiction to drugs of abuse. In this study, 3 polymorphisms in PDYN (rs1022563, rs910080 and rs1997794) were genotyped in opioid-addicted [248 African Americans (AAs) and 1040 European Americans (EAs)], cocaine-addicted (1248 AAs and 336 EAs) and control individuals (674 AAs and 656 EAs). Sex-specific analyses were also performed as a previous study identified PDYN polymorphisms to be more significantly associated with female opioid addicts. We found rs1022563 to be significantly associated with opioid addiction in EAs [P = 0.03, odds ratio (OR) = 1.31; false discovery rate (FDR) corrected q-value]; however, when we performed female-specific association analyses, the OR increased from 1.31 to 1.51. Increased ORs were observed for rs910080 and rs199774 in female opioid addicts also in EAs. No statistically significant associations were observed with cocaine or opioid addiction in AAs. These data show that polymorphisms in PDYN are associated with opioid addiction in EAs and provide further evidence that these risk variants may be more relevant in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-K Clarke
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 125 South 31st Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Reyes BAS, Vakharia K, Ferraro TN, Levenson R, Berrettini WH, Van Bockstaele EJ. Opiate agonist-induced re-distribution of Wntless, a mu-opioid receptor interacting protein, in rat striatal neurons. Exp Neurol 2012; 233:205-13. [PMID: 22001156 PMCID: PMC3268889 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2011.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2011] [Revised: 09/21/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Wntless (WLS), a mu-opioid receptor (MOR) interacting protein, mediates Wnt protein secretion that is critical for neuronal development. We investigated whether MOR agonists induce re-distribution of WLS within rat striatal neurons. Adult male rats received either saline, morphine or [d-Ala2, N-Me-Phe4, Gly-ol5]-enkephalin (DAMGO) directly into the lateral ventricles. Following thirty minutes, brains were extracted and tissue sections were processed for immunogold silver detection of WLS. In saline-treated rats, WLS was distributed along the plasma membrane and within the cytoplasmic compartment of striatal dendrites as previously described. The ratio of cytoplasmic to total dendritic WLS labeling was 0.70±0.03 in saline-treated striatal tissue. Morphine treatment decreased this ratio to 0.48±0.03 indicating a shift of WLS from the intracellular compartment to the plasma membrane. However, following DAMGO treatment, the ratio was 0.85±0.05 indicating a greater distribution of WLS intracellularly. The difference in the re-distribution of the WLS following different agonist exposure may be related to DAMGO's well known ability to induce internalization of MOR in contrast to morphine, which is less effective in producing receptor internalization. Furthermore, these data are consistent with our hypothesis that MOR agonists promote dimerization of WLS and MOR, thereby preventing WLS from mediating Wnt secretion. In summary, our findings indicate differential agonist-induced trafficking of WLS in striatal neurons following distinct agonist exposure. Adaptations in WLS trafficking may represent a novel pharmacological target in the treatment of opiate addiction and/or pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A S Reyes
- Department of Neuroscience, Farber Institute for Neurosciences, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Ferraro TN, Smith GG, Ballard D, Zhao H, Schwebel CL, Gupta A, Rappaport EF, Ruiz SE, Lohoff FW, Doyle GA, Berrettini WH, Buono RJ. Quantitative trait loci for electrical seizure threshold mapped in C57BLKS/J and C57BL/10SnJ mice. Genes Brain Behav 2010; 10:309-15. [PMID: 21129161 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-183x.2010.00668.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
We mapped the quantitative trait loci (QTL) that contribute to the robust difference in maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) between C57BLKS/J (BKS) and C57BL10S/J (B10S) mice. BKS, B10S, BKS × B10S F1 and BKS × B10S F2 intercross mice were tested for MEST at 8-9 weeks of age. Results of F2 testing showed that, in this cross, MEST is a continuously distributed trait determined by polygenic inheritance. Mice from the extremes of the trait distribution were genotyped using microarray technology. MEST correlated significantly with body weight and sex; however, because of the high correlation between these factors, the QTL mapping was conditioned on sex alone. A sequential series of statistical analyses was used to map QTLs including single-point, multipoint and multilocus methods. Two QTLs reached genome-wide levels of significance based upon an empirically determined permutation threshold: chromosome 6 (LOD = 6.0 at ∼69 cM) and chromosome 8 (LOD = 5.7 at ∼27 cM). Two additional QTLs were retained in a multilocus regression model: chromosome 3 (LOD = 2.1 at ∼68 cM) and chromosome 5 (LOD = 2.7 at ∼73 cM). Together the four QTLs explain one third of the total phenotypic variance in the mapping population. Lack of overlap between the major MEST QTLs mapped here in BKS and B10S mice and those mapped previously in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J mice (strains that are closely related to BKS and B10S) suggest that BKS and B10S represent a new polygenic mouse model for investigating susceptibility to seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Ferraro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-3403, USA.
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Ferraro TN, Smith GG, Schwebel CL, Doyle GA, Ruiz SE, Oleynick JU, Lohoff FW, Berrettini WH, Buono RJ. Confirmation of multiple seizure susceptibility QTLs on chromosome 15 in C57BL/6J and DBA/2J inbred mice. Physiol Genomics 2010; 42A:1-7. [PMID: 20571108 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00096.2010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To confirm seizure susceptibility (SZS) quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on chromosome (chr) 15 identified previously using C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) mice and to refine their genomic map position, we studied a set of three congenic strains in which overlapping segments of chr 15 from D2 were transferred onto the B6 background. We measured thresholds for generalized electroshock seizure (GEST) and maximal electroshock seizure (MEST) in congenic strains and B6-like littermates and also tested their responses to kainic acid (KA) and pentylenetetrazol (PTZ). Results document that MEST is significantly lower in strains 15M and 15D, which harbor medial and distal (telomeric) segments of chr 15 (respectively) from D2, compared with strain 15P, which harbors the proximal (acromeric) segment of chr 15 from D2, and with control littermates. Congenic strains 15P and 15M exhibited greater KA SZS compared with strain 15D and B6-like controls. All congenic strains were similar to controls with regard to PTZ SZS. Taken together, results suggest there are multiple SZS QTLs on chr 15 and that two QTLs harbor gene variants that affect MEST and KA SZS independently. The MEST QTL is refined to a 19 Mb region flanked by rs13482630 and D15Mit159. This interval contains 350 genes, 183 of which reside in areas where the polymorphism rate between B6 and D2 is high. The KA QTL interval spans a 65 Mb region flanked by markers D15Mit13 and rs31271969. It harbors 83 genes in highly polymorphic areas, 310 genes in all. Complete dissection of these loci will lead to identification of genetic variants that influence SZS in mice and provide a better understanding of seizure biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Ferraro
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-3403, USA.
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13
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Jacobs MJ, Roesch S, Wonderlich SA, Crosby R, Thornton L, Wilfley DE, Berrettini WH, Brandt H, Crawford S, Fichter MM, Halmi KA, Johnson C, Kaplan AS, Lavia M, Mitchell JE, Rotondo A, Strober M, Woodside DB, Kaye WH, Bulik CM. Anorexia nervosa trios: behavioral profiles of individuals with anorexia nervosa and their parents. Psychol Med 2009; 39:451-461. [PMID: 18578898 PMCID: PMC3714180 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291708003826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anorexia nervosa (AN) is associated with behavioral traits that predate the onset of AN and persist after recovery. We identified patterns of behavioral traits in AN trios (proband plus two biological parents). METHOD A total of 433 complete trios were collected in the Price Foundation Genetic Study of AN using standardized instruments for eating disorder (ED) symptoms, anxiety, perfectionism, and temperament. We used latent profile analysis and ANOVA to identify and validate patterns of behavioral traits. RESULTS We distinguished three classes with medium to large effect sizes by mothers' and probands' drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, perfectionism, neuroticism, trait anxiety, and harm avoidance. Fathers did not differ significantly across classes. Classes were distinguished by degree of symptomatology rather than qualitative differences. Class 1 (approximately 33%) comprised low symptom probands and mothers with scores in the healthy range. Class 2 ( approximately 43%) included probands with marked elevations in drive for thinness, body dissatisfaction, neuroticism, trait anxiety, and harm avoidance and mothers with mild anxious/perfectionistic traits. Class 3 (approximately 24%) included probands and mothers with elevations on ED and anxious/perfectionistic traits. Mother-daughter symptom severity was related in classes 1 and 3 only. Trio profiles did not differ significantly by proband clinical status or subtype. CONCLUSIONS A key finding is the importance of mother and daughter traits in the identification of temperament and personality patterns in families affected by AN. Mother-daughter pairs with severe ED and anxious/perfectionistic traits may represent a more homogeneous and familial variant of AN that could be of value in genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Jacobs
- University of California, San Diego (UCSD) Eating Disorders Treatment and Research Center, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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14
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Berrettini WH, Bardakjian J, Barnett AL, Nurnberger JI, Gershon ES. Beta-adrenoceptor function in human adult skin fibroblasts: a study of manic-depressive illness. Ciba Found Symp 2007; 123:30-41. [PMID: 3028727 DOI: 10.1002/9780470513361.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Catecholamine theories of affective illness provide a rationale for the study of beta-adrenoceptor function in these disorders. Skin fibroblasts were grown in tissue culture from skin biopsies of normal volunteers and manic-depressive subjects for measurement of isoprenaline-stimulated production of cyclic AMP. Monolayers of fibroblasts in wells were incubated for 3 min with or without 0.5 microM-isoprenaline. The cyclic AMP was isolated by ion-exchange chromatography and quantitated by radioimmunoassay. The isoprenaline-stimulated levels of cyclic AMP in manic-depressive subjects (n = 12) were no different from those in normal volunteers (n = 13). Thus, no evidence was found for abnormal beta-adrenoceptor function in manic-depressive illness.
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15
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Ray R, Jepson C, Patterson F, Strasser A, Rukstalis M, Perkins K, Lynch KG, O'Malley S, Berrettini WH, Lerman C. Association of OPRM1 A118G variant with the relative reinforcing value of nicotine. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2006; 188:355-63. [PMID: 16960700 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-006-0504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2006] [Accepted: 06/30/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The endogenous opioid system has been implicated in substance abuse and response to pharmacotherapies for nicotine and alcohol addiction. We examined (1) the association of the functional OPRM1 A118G variant with the relative reinforcing value of nicotine and (2) the main and interacting effects of the mu-opioid receptor antagonist naltrexone on nicotine reinforcement. METHODS In a within-subject, double-blind human laboratory study, 30 smokers of each OPRM1 genotype (A/A vs. A/G or G/G) participated in two experimental sessions following 4 days of orally administered naltrexone 50 mg or placebo. Participants completed a validated assessment of the relative reinforcing value of nicotine. This cigarette choice paradigm assesses self-administration of 0.6 mg nicotine vs. 0.05 mg (denicotinized) cigarettes after a brief period of nicotine abstinence. RESULTS The relative reinforcing value of nicotine (number of nicotine cigarette puffs) was predicted by a significant OPRM1 by gender interaction. Among women, the low-activity G allele (A/G and G/G) was associated with a reduced reinforcing value of nicotine; among male smokers, there was no association with genotype. Smokers carrying a G allele were also significantly less likely to differentiate the nicotine vs. denicotinized cigarettes by subjective ratings of satisfaction and strength. No evidence for an effect of naltrexone on nicotine reinforcement was found in the overall sample or in the genotype or gender subgroups. CONCLUSIONS This study provides initial evidence for an association of the OPRM1 A118G variant with nicotine reinforcement in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ray
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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16
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Dahl JP, Jepson C, Levenson R, Wileyto EP, Patterson F, Berrettini WH, Lerman C. Interaction between variation in the D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) and the neuronal calcium sensor-1 (FREQ) genes in predicting response to nicotine replacement therapy for tobacco dependence. Pharmacogenomics J 2006; 6:194-9. [PMID: 16402081 DOI: 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that a functional dopamine D2 receptor promoter variant (DRD2 -141 Ins/Del) predicts response to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). The present study extends this finding in the same population of 363 NRT-treated subjects, by examining variation in the gene encoding the neuronal calcium sensor-1 protein (FREQ), which functions to regulate D2 receptor desensitization. The results indicate a statistically significant interaction effect of DRD2-141 and FREQ genotypes on abstinence at the end of the NRT treatment phase; 62% of the smokers with at least one copy of the DRD2 -141 Del allele and two copies of the FREQ rs1054879 A allele were abstinent from smoking, compared to 29-38% abstinence rates for other smokers in the trial. This result suggests that the interaction between variation in the DRD2 and FREQ genes, which both encode components of the D2 dopamine receptor signal transduction pathway, impacts the efficacy of NRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Dahl
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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17
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Lohoff FW, Sander T, Ferraro TN, Dahl JP, Gallinat J, Berrettini WH. Confirmation of association between the Val66Met polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene and bipolar I disorder. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2005; 139B:51-3. [PMID: 16152572 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.30215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene is involved in the etiology of bipolar disorder (BPD). Two family-based association studies showed that the Val allele of the functional polymorphism Val66Met in the BDNF gene is associated with BPD; however, others could not confirm the results. Here we performed a replication study in an independent sample and tested the hypothesis that the Val66 allele in the BDNF gene confers susceptibility to bipolar I disorder (BPI). Six hundred twenty-one patients with BPI and 998 control subjects were genotyped for the Val66Met polymorphism. All cases and controls were of European descent. All BPI patients had a positive family history of affective disorder. The frequency of the Val allele was significantly increased in BPI patient when compared to controls (chi2 = 4.8; df = 1; P = 0.028; two-sided; OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.02-1.47). Results confirm previous findings and suggest that the Val allele increases risk for BPI in patients of European descent. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the involvement of the BDNF gene in the pathophysiology of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- F W Lohoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6140, USA.
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18
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Corradi JP, Ravyn V, Robbins AK, Hagan KW, Peters MF, Bostwick R, Buono RJ, Berrettini WH, Furlong ST. Alternative transcripts and evidence of imprinting of GNAL on 18p11.2. Mol Psychiatry 2005; 10:1017-25. [PMID: 16044173 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Genetic studies implicating the region of human chromosome 18p11.2 in susceptibility to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia have observed parent-of-origin effects that may be explained by genomic imprinting. We have identified a transcriptional variant of the GNAL gene in this region, employing an alternative first exon that is 5' to the originally identified start site. This alternative GNAL transcript encodes a longer functional variant of the stimulatory G-protein alpha subunit, Golf. The isoforms of Golf display different expression patterns in the CNS and functionally couple to the dopamine D1 receptor when heterologously expressed in Sf9 cells. In addition, there are CpG islands in the vicinity of both first exons that are differentially methylated, a hallmark of genomic imprinting. These results suggest that GNAL, and possibly other genes in the region, is subject to epigenetic regulation and strengthen the case for a susceptibility gene in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Corradi
- Department of Target Biology, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Wilmington, DE, USA
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19
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Lerman C, Wileyto EP, Patterson F, Rukstalis M, Audrain-McGovern J, Restine S, Shields PG, Kaufmann V, Redden D, Benowitz N, Berrettini WH. The functional mu opioid receptor (OPRM1) Asn40Asp variant predicts short-term response to nicotine replacement therapy in a clinical trial. Pharmacogenomics J 2004; 4:184-92. [PMID: 15007373 DOI: 10.1038/sj.tpj.6500238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether the functional mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) Asn40Asp variant predicts the comparative efficacy of different forms of NRT, we conducted a clinical trial of transdermal nicotine (TN) vs nicotine nasal spray (NS) in 320 smokers of European ancestry. Smokers carrying the OPRM1 Asp40 variant (n=82) were significantly more likely than those homozygous for the Asn40 variant (n=238) to be abstinent at the end of treatment, and reported less mood disturbance and weight gain. The genotype effect on treatment outcome was most pronounced among smokers receiving TN, particularly during the 21 mg dose phase. Smokers who carry the OPRM1 Asp40 variant are likely to have a favorable response to TN and may benefit from extended therapy with the 21 mg dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lerman
- Department of Psychiatry, Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA.
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20
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Buono RJ, Lohoff FW, Sander T, Sperling MR, O'Connor MJ, Dlugos DJ, Ryan SG, Golden GT, Zhao H, Scattergood TM, Berrettini WH, Ferraro TN. Association between variation in the human KCNJ10 potassium ion channel gene and seizure susceptibility. Epilepsy Res 2004; 58:175-83. [PMID: 15120748 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2004.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2003] [Revised: 12/15/2003] [Accepted: 02/18/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our research program uses genetic linkage and association analysis to identify human seizure sensitivity and resistance alleles. Quantitative trait loci mapping in mice led to identification of genetic variation in the potassium ion channel gene Kcnj10, implicating it as a putative seizure susceptibility gene. The purpose of this work was to translate these animal model data to a human genetic association study. METHODS We used single stranded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) electrophoresis, DNA sequencing and database searching (NCBI) to identify variation in the human KCNJ10 gene. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, SSCP and Pyrosequencing were used to genotype a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP, dbSNP rs#1130183) in KCNJ10 in epilepsy patients (n = 407) and unrelated controls (n = 284). The epilepsy group was comprised of patients with refractory mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (n = 153), childhood absence (n = 84), juvenile myoclonic (n = 111) and idiopathic generalized epilepsy not otherwise specified (IGE-NOS, n = 59) and all were of European ancestry. RESULTS SNP rs#1130183 (C > T) alters amino acid 271 (of 379) from an arginine to a cysteine (R271C). The C allele (Arg) is common with conversion to the T allele (Cys) occurring twice as often in controls compared to epilepsy patients. Contingency analysis documented a statistically significant association between seizure resistance and allele frequency, Mantel-Haenszel chi square = 5.65, d.f. = 1, P = 0.017, odds ratio 0.52, 95% CI 0.33-0.82. CONCLUSION The T allele of SNP rs#1130183 is associated with seizure resistance when common forms of focal and generalized epilepsy are analyzed as a group. These data suggest that this missense variation in KCNJ10 (or a nearby variation) is related to general seizure susceptibility in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Buono
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 415 Curie Boulevard, CRB-120, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6140, USA.
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21
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Bergen AW, van den Bree MBM, Yeager M, Welch R, Ganjei JK, Haque K, Bacanu S, Berrettini WH, Grice DE, Goldman D, Bulik CM, Klump K, Fichter M, Halmi K, Kaplan A, Strober M, Treasure J, Woodside B, Kaye WH. Candidate genes for anorexia nervosa in the 1p33-36 linkage region: serotonin 1D and delta opioid receptor loci exhibit significant association to anorexia nervosa. Mol Psychiatry 2003; 8:397-406. [PMID: 12740597 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4001318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Serotonergic and opioidergic neurotransmitter system alterations have been observed in people with eating disorders; the genes for the serotonin 1D receptor (HTR1D) and the opioid delta receptor (OPRD1) are found on chr1p36.3-34.3, a region identified by our group in a linkage analysis of anorexia nervosa (AN). These candidate genes were evaluated for sequence variation and for linkage and association of this sequence variation to AN in family and case : control data sets. Resequencing of the HTR1D locus and a portion of the OPRD1 locus identified novel SNPs and confirmed existing SNPs. Genotype assay development and genotyping of nine SNPs (four at HTR1D and five at OPRD1) was performed on 191 unrelated individuals fulfilling DSM-IV criteria (w/o amenorrhea criterion) for AN, 442 relatives of AN probands and 98 psychiatrically screened controls. Linkage analysis of these candidate gene SNPs with 33 microsatellite markers in families including relative pairs concordantly affected with restricting AN (N=37) substantially increased the evidence for linkage of this region to restricting AN to an NPL score of 3.91. Statistically significant genotypic, allelic, and haplotypic association to AN in the case : control design was observed at HTR1D and OPRD1 with effect sizes for individual SNPs of 2.63 (95% CI=1.21-5.75) for HTR1D and 1.61 (95% CI=1.11-2.44) for OPRD1. Using genotype data on parents and AN probands, three SNPs at HTR1D were found to exhibit significant transmission disequilibrium (P&<0.05). The combined statistical genetic evidence suggests that HTR1D and OPRD1 or linked genes may be involved in the etiology of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Bergen
- Biognosis US, Inc. (Dissolved). From the Price Foundation Collaborative Group, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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22
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Bergen AW, Yeager M, Welch R, Ganjei JK, Deep-Soboslay A, Haque K, van den Bree MBM, Goldman D, Berrettini WH, Kaye WH. Candidate gene analysis of the Price Foundation anorexia nervosa affected relative pair dataset. Curr Drug Targets CNS Neurol Disord 2003; 2:41-51. [PMID: 12769811 DOI: 10.2174/1568007033338760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The eating disorders are severe psychiatric illnesses with significant morbidity and mortality that exhibit statistically significant familial risk and heritability, providing support for a molecular genetic approach toward defining etiological factors. An emerging candidate gene literature has concentrated on serotinergic and dopaminergic candidates. With the financial support of the Price Foundation, a group of investigators initiated an international multi-center collaboration (Price Foundation Collaborative Group) in 1995 to study the genetics of anorexia and bulimia nervosa by collecting and analyzing phenotypes and genotypes of individuals and their relatives affected with eating disorders. The first sample of families collected by this collaborative group, known as the Price Foundation Anorexia Nervosa Affected Relative Pair (AN-ARP) dataset, was ascertained on an proband affected with Anorexia Nervosa (AN), with relative pairs affected with the eating disorders AN, Bulimia Nervosa or Eating Disorders Not Otherwise Specified [1]. Biognosis U.S., Inc. was founded to identify and characterize candidate susceptibility genes for anorexia and bulimia nervosa phenotypes in the Price Foundation eating disorder datasets. During 2000-2001, Biognosis U.S., Inc. developed and implemented a research program with a focus on the analysis of candidate genes nominated by neurochemical characteristics of eating disorder patients [2], serotonergic and dopaminergic candidate gene polymorphisms [3], neuroendocrine regulation of appetite [4], and by a positional hypothesis from a linkage analysis of the AN-ARP dataset [5]. This report reviews the anorexia nervosa candidate gene literature through 2001, the candidate gene research program implemented at Biognosis U.S., Inc. and selected candidate gene findings in the AN-ARP dataset derived from that research program.
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Affiliation(s)
- A W Bergen
- Biognosis U.S. Inc., Gaithersburg, MD 20877, USA
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23
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Grice DE, Halmi KA, Fichter MM, Strober M, Woodside DB, Treasure JT, Kaplan AS, Magistretti PJ, Goldman D, Bulik CM, Kaye WH, Berrettini WH. Evidence for a susceptibility gene for anorexia nervosa on chromosome 1. Am J Hum Genet 2002; 70:787-92. [PMID: 11799475 PMCID: PMC384957 DOI: 10.1086/339250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2001] [Accepted: 12/10/2001] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa (AN), have a significant genetic component. In the current study, a genomewide linkage analysis of 192 families with at least one affected relative pair with AN and related eating disorders, including bulimia nervosa, was performed, resulting in only modest evidence for linkage, with the highest nonparametric linkage (NPL) score, 1.80, at marker D4S2367 on chromosome 4. Since the reduction of sample heterogeneity would increase power to detect linkage, we performed linkage analysis in a subset (n=37) of families in which at least two affected relatives had diagnoses of restricting AN, a clinically defined subtype of AN characterized by severe limitation of food intake without the presence of binge-eating or purging behavior. When we limited the linkage analysis to this clinically more homogeneous subgroup, the highest multipoint NPL score observed was 3.03, at marker D1S3721 on chromosome 1p. The genotyping of additional markers in this region led to a peak multipoint NPL score of 3.45, thereby providing suggestive evidence for the presence of an AN-susceptibility locus on chromosome 1p.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. E. Grice
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University, White Plains, NY; Klinik Roseneck, Hospital for Behavioral Medicine, University of Munich, Prien, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles; The Toronto Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London; Institute of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
| | - K. A. Halmi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University, White Plains, NY; Klinik Roseneck, Hospital for Behavioral Medicine, University of Munich, Prien, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles; The Toronto Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London; Institute of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
| | - M. M. Fichter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University, White Plains, NY; Klinik Roseneck, Hospital for Behavioral Medicine, University of Munich, Prien, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles; The Toronto Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London; Institute of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
| | - M. Strober
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University, White Plains, NY; Klinik Roseneck, Hospital for Behavioral Medicine, University of Munich, Prien, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles; The Toronto Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London; Institute of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
| | - D. B. Woodside
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University, White Plains, NY; Klinik Roseneck, Hospital for Behavioral Medicine, University of Munich, Prien, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles; The Toronto Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London; Institute of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
| | - J. T. Treasure
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University, White Plains, NY; Klinik Roseneck, Hospital for Behavioral Medicine, University of Munich, Prien, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles; The Toronto Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London; Institute of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
| | - A. S. Kaplan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University, White Plains, NY; Klinik Roseneck, Hospital for Behavioral Medicine, University of Munich, Prien, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles; The Toronto Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London; Institute of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
| | - P. J. Magistretti
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University, White Plains, NY; Klinik Roseneck, Hospital for Behavioral Medicine, University of Munich, Prien, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles; The Toronto Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London; Institute of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
| | - D. Goldman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University, White Plains, NY; Klinik Roseneck, Hospital for Behavioral Medicine, University of Munich, Prien, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles; The Toronto Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London; Institute of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
| | - C. M. Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University, White Plains, NY; Klinik Roseneck, Hospital for Behavioral Medicine, University of Munich, Prien, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles; The Toronto Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London; Institute of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
| | - W. H. Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University, White Plains, NY; Klinik Roseneck, Hospital for Behavioral Medicine, University of Munich, Prien, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles; The Toronto Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London; Institute of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
| | - W. H. Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Psychiatry, Cornell University, White Plains, NY; Klinik Roseneck, Hospital for Behavioral Medicine, University of Munich, Prien, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Neuropsychiatric Institute, University of California, Los Angeles; The Toronto Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto; Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College, London; Institute of Physiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland; Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse Alcoholism, Bethesda, MD; Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh
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24
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the reports of linkage findings for bipolar disorder. METHODS Literature review of published linkage findings in bipolar disorder. RESULTS There are several regions of the human genome that have been implicated repeatedly by independent investigators. These include 4p16, 12q24, 18q22, 18p11, 21q21 and 22q11. Two of these regions (18p11 and 22q11) are also implicated in genome scans of schizophrenia, suggesting that these two distinct nosological categories may share some genetic susceptibility. This hypothesis can only be tested when the underlying genes are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry and the Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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25
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Todte K, Tselis N, Dadmarz M, Golden G, Ferraro T, Berrettini WH, Vogel WH. Effects of strain, behavior and age on the self-administration of ethanol, nicotine, cocaine and morphine by two rat strains. Neuropsychobiology 2001; 44:150-5. [PMID: 11586055 DOI: 10.1159/000054935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Two genetically different strains, Brown Norway rats (BNR) and Wistar Kyoto rats (WKR), with the latter showing higher emotionality and lower plasma stress catecholamine responses, were compared for their voluntary intake of ethanol, nicotine, cocaine and morphine. Younger BNR self-administered the same amounts of all 4 substances as did the younger WKR suggesting a similar genetic basis for all drugs at this age. Older BNR consumed less ethanol and nicotine but equal amounts of cocaine and morphine as compared to older WKR, and older BNR were more sensitive to the effects of ethanol than WKR suggesting a different genetic basis for different drugs at an older age. Forcing both strains to consume one of the drugs did not affect a subsequent voluntary consumption of ethanol and morphine but reduced nicotine intake in WKR and decreased cocaine intake in both strains suggesting that drug use is determined by individual preferences and not drug exposure per se. The behavioral characteristics of both strains coincide only with the self-administration of ethanol and nicotine supporting a possible genetic linkage between anxiety/stress and ethanol and nicotine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Todte
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pa. 19107, USA
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26
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Vuoristo JT, Berrettini WH, Ala-Kokko L. C18orf2, a novel, highly conserved intronless gene within intron 5 of the GNAL gene on chromosome 18p11. Cytogenet Cell Genet 2001; 93:19-22. [PMID: 11474171 DOI: 10.1159/000056940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We have characterized a novel intronless human gene (C18orf2) which is embedded in intron 5 of the G-protein gene (GNAL) on chromosome 18p11. This gene codes for a 199 amino acid polypeptide with a predicted molecular weight of 22.1 kDa. It is highly homologous to a number of predicted developmental proteins in organisms ranging from yeasts to Drosophila. C18orf2 mRNA was found to be expressed in various tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Vuoristo
- Collagen Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Department of Medical Biochemistry, Aapistie 7, 90220 Oulu, Finland
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27
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Ferraro TN, Golden GT, Smith GG, Longman RL, Snyder RL, DeMuth D, Szpilzak I, Mulholland N, Eng E, Lohoff FW, Buono RJ, Berrettini WH. Quantitative genetic study of maximal electroshock seizure threshold in mice: evidence for a major seizure susceptibility locus on distal chromosome 1. Genomics 2001; 75:35-42. [PMID: 11472065 DOI: 10.1006/geno.2001.6577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping study to dissect the multifactorial nature of maximal electroshock seizure threshold (MEST) in C57BL/6 (B6) and DBA/2 (D2) mice. MEST determination involved a standard paradigm in which 8- to 12-week-old mice received one shock per day with a daily incremental increase in electrical current until a maximal seizure (tonic hindlimb extension) was induced. Mean MEST values in parental strains were separated by over five standard deviation units, with D2 mice showing lower values than B6 mice. The distribution of MEST values in B6xD2 F2 intercrossed mice spanned the entire phenotypic range defined by parental strains. Statistical mapping yielded significant evidence for QTLs on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, and 15, which together explained over 60% of the phenotypic variance in the model. The chromosome 1 QTL represents a locus of major effect, accounting for about one-third of the genetic variance. Experiments involving a congenic strain (B6.D2-Mtv7(a)/Ty) enabled more precise mapping of the chromosome 1 QTL and indicate that it lies in the genetic interval between markers D1Mit145 and D1Mit17. These results support the hypothesis that the distal portion of chromosome 1 harbors a gene(s) that has a fundamental role in regulating seizure susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Ferraro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Berrettini
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21228, USA
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29
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Buono RJ, Ferraro TN, O'Connor MJ, Sperling MR, Ryan SG, Scattergood T, Mulholland N, Gilmore J, Lohoff FW, Berrettini WH. Lack of association between an interleukin 1 beta (IL-1beta) gene variation and refractory temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 2001; 42:782-4. [PMID: 11422336 DOI: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.2001.42900.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We attempted to confirm recent findings of Kanemoto et al. that demonstrated a positive association (p < 0.017) between a polymorphism in the promoter region of the interleukin 1-beta (IL-1beta) gene and the clinical phenotype of temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (TLE+HS). METHODS We determined the frequency of this polymorphism in a group of 61 TLE+HS patients of European ancestry and compared it with that found in 119 ethnically matched control subjects. RESULTS Analysis of genotype and allele frequencies showed no statistically significant difference in the distribution of the polymorphism between the two groups (p = 0.10). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that this IL-1beta promoter polymorphism does not act as a strong susceptibility factor for TLE+HS in a population of individuals of European ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Buono
- Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 415 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104-6140, U.S.A.
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30
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Abstract
Beta-adrenergic receptor function has been the subject of much research in manic-depressive illness. Lymphoblast beta receptor binding was analyzed by Scatchard plot, using cell lines established from 17 unrelated bipolar subjects and 14 normals. No significant differences in affinity or density of beta receptors were found, in contrast to a previous report. Both the affinity and density of receptors appeared to be a stable characteristic of a cell line, as determined by repeated assay of the same cell lines.
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31
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Abstract
Research strategies for determining genetic vulnerability markers in affective illness are delineated. Using these strategies, recent developments in the biology of manic-depressive illness are discussed, including results from association and linkage studies, pharmacologic challenge protocols, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) data. Several lines of evidence suggest that one genetically determined vulnerability to affective disorder may be a cholinergic supersensitivity, possibly mediated through increased numbers of cholinergic receptors.
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32
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Abstract
Mature male and female mice from six inbred stains were tested for susceptibility to behavioral seizures induced by a single injection of cocaine. Cocaine was injected ip over a range of doses (50-100 mg/kg) and behavior was monitored for 20 minutes. Seizure end points included latency to forelimb or hindlimb clonus, latency to clonic running seizure and latency to jumping bouncing seizure. A range of strain specific sensitivities was documented with A/J and SJL mice being most sensitive and C57BL/6J most resistant. DBA/2J, BALB/cByJ and NZW/LacJ strains exhibited intermediate sensitivity. EEG recordings were made in SJL, A/J and C57BL/6J mice revealing a close correspondence between electrical activity and behavior. Additionally, levels of cocaine determined in hippocampus and cortex were not different between sensitive and resistant strains. Additional studies of these murine strains may be useful for investigating genetic influences on cocaine-induced seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Golden
- Research Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Coatesville, PA 19320, USA.
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33
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Hoehe MR, Köpke K, Wendel B, Rohde K, Flachmeier C, Kidd KK, Berrettini WH, Church GM. Sequence variability and candidate gene analysis in complex disease: association of mu opioid receptor gene variation with substance dependence. Hum Mol Genet 2000; 9:2895-908. [PMID: 11092766 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/9.19.2895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To analyze candidate genes and establish complex genotype-phenotype relationships against a background of high natural genome sequence variability, we have developed approaches to (i) compare candidate gene sequence information in multiple individuals; (ii) predict haplotypes from numerous variants; and (iii) classify haplotypes and identify specific sequence variants, or combinations of variants (pattern), associated with the phenotype. Using the human mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) as a model system, we have combined these approaches to test a potential role of OPRM1 in substance (heroin/cocaine) dependence. All known functionally relevant regions of this prime candidate gene were analyzed by multiplex sequence comparison in 250 cases and controls; 43 variants were identified and 52 different haplotypes predicted in the subgroup of 172 African-Americans. These haplotypes were classified by similarity clustering into two functionally related categories, one of which was significantly more frequent in substance-dependent individuals. Common to this category was a characteristic pattern of sequence variants [-1793T-->A, -1699Tins, -1320A-->G, -111C-->T, +17C-->T (A6V)], which was associated with substance dependence. This study provides an example of approaches that have been successfully applied to the establishment of complex genotype-phenotype relationships in the presence of abundant DNA sequence variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Hoehe
- Genome Research, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, D-13092 Berlin, Germany.
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34
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Halmi KA, Sunday SR, Strober M, Kaplan A, Woodside DB, Fichter M, Treasure J, Berrettini WH, Kaye WH. Perfectionism in anorexia nervosa: variation by clinical subtype, obsessionality, and pathological eating behavior. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157:1799-805. [PMID: 11058477 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.11.1799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the role of perfectionism as a phenotypic trait in anorexia nervosa and its relevance across clinical subtypes of this illness. METHOD The Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and the perfectionism subscale of the Eating Disorder Inventory were administered to 322 women with a history of anorexia nervosa who were participating in an international, multicenter genetic study of anorexia nervosa. All participants were additionally interviewed with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale and the Yale-Brown-Cornell Eating Disorder Scale. Mean differences on dependent measures among women with anorexia nervosa and comparison subjects were examined by using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS Persons who had had anorexia nervosa had significantly higher total scores on the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale than did the healthy comparison subjects. In addition, scores of the anorexia subjects on the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 perfectionism subscale exceeded Eating Disorder Inventory-2 normative data. For the anorexia nervosa participants, the total score on the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale and the Eating Disorder Inventory-2 perfectionism subscale score were highly correlated. Total score on the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale was also significantly related to the total score and the motivation-for-change subscale score of the Yale-Brown-Cornell Eating Disorder Scale. CONCLUSIONS These data show that perfectionism is a robust, discriminating characteristic of anorexia nervosa. Perfectionism is likely to be one of a cluster of phenotypic trait variables associated with a genetic diathesis for anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Halmi
- Eating Disorders Program, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Westchester Division, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, White Plains, NY 10605, USA.
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35
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Abstract
Schizophrenic and bipolar disorders are similar in several epidemiologic respects, including age at onset, lifetime risk, course of illness, worldwide distribution, risk for suicide, gender influence (men and women at equal risk for both groups of disorders), and genetic susceptibility. Despite these similarities, schizophrenia and bipolar disorders are typically considered to be separate entities, with distinguishing clinical characteristics, non-overlapping etiologies, and distinct treatment regimens. Over the past three decades, multiple family studies are consistent with greater nosologic overlap than previously acknowledged. Molecular linkage studies (conducted during the 1990s) reveal that some susceptibility loci may be common to both nosologic classes. This indicates that our nosology will require substantial revision during the next decade, to reflect this shared genetic susceptibility, as specific genes are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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36
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Klump KL, Bulik CM, Pollice C, Halmi KA, Fichter MM, Berrettini WH, Devlin B, Strober M, Kaplan A, Woodside DB, Treasure J, Shabbout M, Lilenfeld LR, Plotnicov KH, Kaye WH. Temperament and character in women with anorexia nervosa. J Nerv Ment Dis 2000; 188:559-67. [PMID: 11009328 DOI: 10.1097/00005053-200009000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined temperament differences among anorexia nervosa (AN) subtypes and community controls, as well as the effect of body weight on personality traits in women with AN. Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scores were compared between 146 women with restrictor-type AN (RAN), 117 women with purging-type AN (PAN), 60 women with binge/purge-type AN (BAN), and 827 community control women (CW) obtained from an archival normative database. Women with AN scored significantly higher on harm avoidance and significantly lower on cooperativeness than CW. Subtype analyses revealed that women with RAN and PAN reported the lowest novelty seeking, RAN women the highest persistence and self-directedness, and PAN women the highest harm avoidance. Body mass index had a nominal effect on subgroup differences, suggesting that personality disturbances are independent of body weight. Findings suggest that certain facets of temperament differ markedly between women with AN, regardless of diagnostic subtype, and controls. More subtle temperament and character differences that were independent of body weight emerged that distinguish among subtypes of AN.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
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37
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Vuoristo JT, Berrettini WH, Overhauser J, Prockop DJ, Ferraro TN, Ala-Kokko L. Sequence and genomic organization of the human G-protein Golfalpha gene (GNAL) on chromosome 18p11, a susceptibility region for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Mol Psychiatry 2000; 5:495-501. [PMID: 11032382 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The sequence and genomic organization of the human Golfalpha (GNAL) gene were determined. The human GNAL gene was found to contain 12 coding exons, and it spans over 80 kb on chromosome 18p11. 5' RACE analysis suggested an additional transcription initiation start site. Sequence analysis of the putative promoter region revealed conserved binding sites for several transcription factors. Sequence analysis of the 3'-untranslated region revealed the presence of two Alu sequences and two polyadenylation signals. 3' RACE analysis confirmed the functionality of the most downstream poly-a signal. The human GNAL was found to be expressed as a single transcript of about 5.9 kb in the brain. One highly informative dinucleotide repeat was found in intron 5. Additionally, a processed pseudogene for asparagine synthetase was found about 6 kb upstream of the GNAL gene. Knowledge of the sequence and structure of the human GNAL gene provides essential information for further analysis of the GNAL locus at chromosome 18p11 which has been linked to bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Vuoristo
- Biocenter Oulu and Department of Medical Biochemistry, University of Oulu, Finland
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38
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Abstract
Linkage studies have suggested a locus for bipolar disorder as well as schizophrenia in the pericentric region of chromosome 18. Several candidate genes have been identified in the region including ACTH, IMP, and G(olf), however no reports of mutations in families showing linkage to the 18p11 locus have been reported. Recently, mild linkage disequilibrium has been observed with a polymorphic marker that maps within the G(olf) gene and schizophrenia in families from Germany and Israel, suggesting that a gene mapping near G(olf) may be involved in psychiatric disorders. A BAC and cosmid contig around the G(olf) locus has been generated and BAC clones were used for cDNA selection experiments. Several novel genes have been identified which are expressed in the brain. These genes may be possible candidate genes for psychiatric illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rojas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S 10th Street, Suite 209, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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39
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Goldin LR, Gershon ES, Berrettini WH, Stine OC, DePaulo R, McMahon F, Meyers D, Nothen M, Propping P, Cichon S, Fimmers R, Baur M, Albus M, Franzek E, Kreiner R, Maier W, Rietschel M, Baron M, Knowles J, Gilliam C, Endicott J, Gurling H, Curtis D, Smyth C, Kelsoe J. Description of the Genetic Analysis Workshop 10 bipolar disorder linkage data sets. Genet Epidemiol 2000; 14:563-8. [PMID: 9433543 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2272(1997)14:6<563::aid-gepi2>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L R Goldin
- Clinical Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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40
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Abstract
Two intronic polymorphisms of the human alpha subunit of the olfactory G-protein (G(olf)) are described. They were detected with single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) methods and confirmed by sequencing both strands. These single base pair (bp) substitutions occur in introns 3 (an A/G at 35 bp 3' from the exon 3/intron 3 5' splice site) and 10 (an T/G at 7 bp 5' from the 3' splice site). Both polymorphisms are relatively common, with minor allele frequencies of 31% (intron 3) and 16% (intron 10). The intron 3 variant shows no linkage disequilibrium with an intron 5 (CA)n microsatellite located approximately 50 kb 3' from the intron 3 variant, among a small group of German individuals with schizophrenia. The intron 3 variant is interesting because it may create an 'in-frame' cryptic splice site which, if activated, would add 12 residues to exon 3. The intron 10 variant is interesting because a purine is substituted for a pyrimidine in the 'polypyrimidine' tract of the 3' splice site, a single base substitution of the type which has been associated with aberrant splicing in the androgen receptor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
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41
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Abstract
Genetic epidemiologic studies reveal that relatives of bipolar (BIP) probands are at increased risk for recurrent unipolar (RUP), BIP, and schizoaffective (SA) disorders, while relatives of schizophrenia (SZ) probands are at increased risk for SZ, SA, and RUP disorders. The overlap in familial risk may reflect shared genetic susceptibility. Recent genetic linkage studies have defined confirmed susceptibility loci for BIP disorder for multiple regions of the human genome, including 4p16, 12q24, 18p11.2, 18q22, 21q21, 22q11-13, and Xq26. Studies of SZ kindreds have yielded robust evidence for susceptibility at 18p11.2 and 22q11-13, both of which are implicated in susceptibility to BIP disorder. Similarly, confirmed SZ vulnerability loci have been mapped for 6p24, 8p and 13q32. Strong statistical evidence for a 13q32 BIP susceptibility locus has been reported. Thus, both family and molecular studies of these disorders suggest shared genetic susceptibility. These two group of disorders may not be so distinct as current nosology suggests.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19107, USA.
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Ferraro TN, Golden GT, Berrettini WH, Gottheil E, Yang CH, Cuppels GR, Vogel WH. Cocaine intake by rats correlates with cocaine-induced dopamine changes in the nucleus accumbens shell. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2000; 66:397-401. [PMID: 10880696 DOI: 10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular dopamine levels were determined by microdialysis in the core and shell of the nucleus accumbens and the frontal cortex of rats before and after an injection of cocaine (20 mg/kg, IP). After removal of the probes, these same animals were then tested for their voluntary intake of cocaine using the two-bottle, free-choice paradigm. Baseline dopamine levels and their responses to an injection of cocaine differed among the three brain areas. No significant correlations were found between baseline dopamine levels in any of the three brain regions and the voluntary cocaine consumption. A significant negative correlation was found between cocaine-induced increases in extracellular dopamine in the shell of the nucleus accumbens and the voluntary intake of cocaine (r = -0.73, p < 0.01). No such correlations were observed in the accumbens core region or the frontal cortex. These results provide further evidence of the role of the accumbal shell region in cocaine preference, and indicate that cocaine-induced increases in dopamine levels play a role in oral cocaine self-administration or preference. In addition, this relatively novel approach in using the same animals for both cocaine induced neurotransmitter responses and cocaine preference studies can also be applied for the study of other neurotransmitters and drugs of abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Ferraro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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43
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Kaye WH, Lilenfeld LR, Berrettini WH, Strober M, Devlin B, Klump KL, Goldman D, Bulik CM, Halmi KA, Fichter MM, Kaplan A, Woodside DB, Treasure J, Plotnicov KH, Pollice C, Rao R, McConaha CW. A search for susceptibility loci for anorexia nervosa: methods and sample description. Biol Psychiatry 2000; 47:794-803. [PMID: 10812038 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00240-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating disorders have not traditionally been viewed as heritable illnesses; however, recent family and twin studies lend credence to the potential role of genetic transmission. The Price Foundation funded an international, multisite study to identify genetic factors contributing to the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa (AN) by recruiting affective relative pairs. This article is an overview of study methods and the clinical characteristics of the sample. METHODS All probands met modified DSM-IV criteria for AN; all affected first, second, and third degree relatives met DSM-IV criteria for AN, bulimia nervosa (BN), or eating disorder not otherwise specified (NOS). Probands and affected relatives were assessed diagnostically with the Structured Interview for Anorexia and Bulimia. DNA was collected from probands, affected relatives and a subset of their biological parents. RESULTS Assessments were obtained from 196 probands and 237 affected relatives, over 98% of whom are of Caucasian ancestry. Overall, there were 229 relative pairs who were informative for linkage analysis. Of the proband-relative pairs, 63% were AN-AN, 20% were AN-BN, and 16% were AN-NOS. For family-based association analyses, DNA has been collected from both biological parents of 159 eating-disordered subjects. Few significant differences in demographic characteristics were found between proband and relative groups. CONCLUSIONS The present study represents the first large-scale molecular genetic investigation of AN. Our successful recruitment of over 500 subjects, consisting of affected probands, affected relatives, and their biological parents, will provide the basis to investigate genetic transmission of eating disorders via a genome scan and assessment of candidate genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Kaye
- The Price Foundation Collaborative Group, Eating Disorders Module, Western Psychiatric Institute & Clinic, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
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Yoshikawa T, Padigaru M, Karkera JD, Sharma M, Berrettini WH, Esterling LE, Detera-Wadleigh SD. Genomic structure and novel variants of myo-inositol monophosphatase 2 (IMPA2). Mol Psychiatry 2000; 5:165-71. [PMID: 10822344 DOI: 10.1038/sj.mp.4000688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we cloned the human myo-inositol monophosphatase 2 (IMPA2) cDNA and established its map location to chromosome 18p11.2, a region previously implicated in bipolar disorder. Because the myo-inositol monophosphatase enzyme has been shown to be inhibited by lithium, an effective therapeutic agent for bipolar disorder, IMPA2 is a plausible positional and functional candidate gene. To permit comprehensive screening for variants we characterized the genomic structure and isolated the potential promoter of IMPA2. The gene was found to encode eight exons spanning;27 kb. The proximal 1-kb 5' flanking region did not contain an obvious TATA box but multiple potential binding sites for Sp1 and consensus motifs for AP2 and other transcription factors were evident. Sequencing of the coding region and splice junctions in unrelated bipolar disorder patients detected novel variants. A missense mutation in exon 2, His76Tyr, was found in one patient. His76 is evolutionarily conserved and replacement with Tyr introduces a potential site for phosphorylation. The other polymorphisms included an RsaI polymorphism, IVS1-15G>A, and a T --> C silent mutation in the third nucleotide of codon 53 in exon 2. By Fisher's exact test the silent mutation showed a trend for association (P = 0.051) with bipolar disorder suggesting that further scrutiny of this gene is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshikawa
- Unit on Gene Mapping and Expression, Clinical Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Buono RJ, Ferraro TN, O'Connor MJ, Sperling MR, Abbey M, Finanger E, Lohoff F, Mulholland N, Berrettini WH. Lack of association between temporal lobe epilepsy and a novel polymorphism in the alpha 2 subunit gene (ATP1A2) of the sodium potassium transporting ATPase. Am J Med Genet 2000; 96:79-83. [PMID: 10686557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Genetic linkage studies in rodents and humans have identified specific chromosomal regions harboring seizure susceptibility genes. We have identified a novel polymorphism in the human alpha 2 subunit gene (ATP1A2) of the sodium potassium transporting ATPase (NaK-pump), a candidate gene for human temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) based on its chromosomal location and function in ion homeostasis. The polymorphism consists of a four base pair insertion 12 base pairs upstream of the start of exon 2. We performed an association study between this polymorphism and TLE. Our study did not find a significant difference in the frequency of this polymorphism between TLE patients and controls, indicating that this variation is not a major susceptibility factor. However, since the number of patients studied so far is small and the functional consequence of the polymorphism is unknown, the variation may yet be found to play a minor role in increased risk for seizure susceptibility. In contrast to the findings in TLE patients and controls, we did find a significant difference in the frequency of the variation between African Americans and persons of European descent. This finding demonstrates the potential effect of population stratification on studies of this type and supports the growing use of parental and familial samples for controls in association studies. Further study of this polymorphism is warranted as it may be involved in other disease processes for which there are known ethnic-specific susceptibilities. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 96:79-83, 2000.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Buono
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA.
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Abstract
Genetic epidemiological studies reveal that relatives of bipolar probands are at increased risk for recurrent unipolar, bipolar, and schizoaffective disorders, whereas relatives of probands with schizophrenia are at increased risk for schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and recurrent unipolar disorders. The overlap in familial risk may reflect shared genetic susceptibility. Recent genetic linkage studies have defined confirmed bipolar susceptibility loci for multiple regions of the human genome, including 4p16, 12q24, 18p11.2, 18q22, 21q21, 22q11-13, and Xq26. Studies of schizophrenia kindreds have yielded robust evidence for susceptibility at 18p11.2 and 22q11-13, both of which are implicated in susceptibility to bipolar disorder. Similarly, confirmed schizophrenia vulnerability loci have been mapped, too, for 6p24, 8p, and 13q32. Strong statistical evidence for a 13q32 bipolar susceptibility locus has been reported. Thus, both family and molecular studies of these disorders suggest shared genetic susceptibility. These two groups of disorders may not be as distinct as current nosology suggests.
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Affiliation(s)
- W H Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19107, USA
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Ferraro TN, Golden GT, Smith GG, St Jean P, Schork NJ, Mulholland N, Ballas C, Schill J, Buono RJ, Berrettini WH. Mapping loci for pentylenetetrazol-induced seizure susceptibility in mice. J Neurosci 1999; 19:6733-9. [PMID: 10436030 PMCID: PMC6782858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023] Open
Abstract
DBA/2J (D2) and C57BL/6J (B6) mice exhibit differential sensitivity to seizures induced by various chemical and physical methods, with D2 mice being relatively sensitive and B6 mice relatively resistant. We conducted studies in mature D2, B6, F1, and F2 intercross mice to investigate behavioral seizure responses to pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and to map the location of genes that influence this trait. Mice were injected with PTZ and observed for 45 min. Seizure parameters included latencies to focal clonus, generalized clonus, and maximal seizure. Latencies were used to calculate a seizure score that was used for quantitative mapping. F2 mice (n = 511) exhibited a wide range of latencies with two-thirds of the group expressing maximal seizure. Complementary statistical analyses identified loci on proximal (near D1Mit11) and distal chromosome 1 (near D1Mit17) as having the strongest and most significant effects in this model. Another locus of significant effect was detected on chromosome 5 (near D5Mit398). Suggestive evidence for additional PTZ seizure-related loci was detected on chromosomes 3, 4, and 6. Of the seizure-related loci identified in this study, those on chromosomes 1 (distal), 4, and 5 map close to loci previously identified in a similar F2 population tested with kainic acid. Results document that the complex genetic influences controlling seizure response in B6 and D2 mice are partially independent of the nature of the chemoconvulsant stimulus with a locus on distal chromosome 1 being of fundamental importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Ferraro
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Detera-Wadleigh SD, Badner JA, Berrettini WH, Yoshikawa T, Goldin LR, Turner G, Rollins DY, Moses T, Sanders AR, Karkera JD, Esterling LE, Zeng J, Ferraro TN, Guroff JJ, Kazuba D, Maxwell ME, Nurnberger JI, Gershon ES. A high-density genome scan detects evidence for a bipolar-disorder susceptibility locus on 13q32 and other potential loci on 1q32 and 18p11.2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:5604-9. [PMID: 10318931 PMCID: PMC21907 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.10.5604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 317] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a severe mental illness characterized by mood swings of elation and depression. Family, twin, and adoption studies suggest a complex genetic etiology that may involve multiple susceptibility genes and an environmental component. To identify chromosomal loci contributing to vulnerability, we have conducted a genome-wide scan on approximately 396 individuals from 22 multiplex pedigrees by using 607 microsatellite markers. Multipoint nonparametric analysis detected the strongest evidence for linkage at 13q32 with a maximal logarithm of odds (lod) score of 3.5 (P = 0. 000028) under a phenotype model that included bipolar I, bipolar II with major depression, schizoaffective disorder, and recurrent unipolar disorder. Suggestive linkage was found on 1q31-q32 (lod = 2. 67; P = 0.00022) and 18p11.2 (lod = 2.32; P = 0.00054). Recent reports have linked schizophrenia to 13q32 and 18p11.2. Our genome scan identified other interesting regions, 7q31 (lod = 2.08; P = 0. 00099) and 22q11-q13 (lod = 2.1; P = 0.00094), and also confirmed reported linkages on 4p16, 12q23-q24, and 21q22. By comprehensive screening of the entire genome, we detected unreported loci for bipolar disorder, found support for proposed linkages, and gained evidence for the overlap of susceptibility regions for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Detera-Wadleigh
- Clinical Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Ferraro TN, Schill JF, Ballas C, Mulholland N, Golden GT, Smith GG, Buono RJ, Berrettini WH. Genotyping microsatellite polymorphisms by agarose gel electrophoresis with ethidium bromide staining: application to quantitative trait loci analysis of seizure susceptibility in mice. Psychiatr Genet 1998; 8:227-33. [PMID: 9861641 DOI: 10.1097/00041444-199808040-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Agarose gel electrophoresis with ethidium bromide staining (AGE/EBS) is an efficient and reliable method for analyzing microsatellite polymorphisms. We report the use of AGE/EBS for analyzing DNA microsatellite polymorphisms in a preliminary quantitative trait loci (QTL) study of seizure susceptibility in which a candidate gene strategy was used to direct initial mapping efforts. F2 intercross progeny, derived from seizure-sensitive DBA/2J (D2) and seizure-resistant C57BL/6J (B6) inbred strains of mice, were tested for their sensitivity to the seizure-inducing effect of pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor antagonist. A semi-automated method is described, in which DNA microsatellites were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to yield products of 100-200 base pair (bp) in length. Alleles were separated on 3-6% MetaPhor agarose gels, stained with ethidium bromide, and visualized by ultraviolet (UV) illumination. Univariate analysis of genotype and phenotype data provides evidence for a seizure-related QTL on chromosome 5, near genes coding for the GABAA receptor subunits alpha 5 and gamma 3. Interestingly, this suggestive QTL derives from the more resistant B6 strain, but it nonetheless provides impetus for the characterization of possible strain differences in these two candidate genes. Overall, these results demonstrate that AGE/EBS can be useful for rapid screening of genomic regions of special interest in QTL mapping studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Ferraro
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
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