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Chen Z, Yu L, Liu J, Kong J, Deng X, Guo X, Shan J, Zhou D, Li W, Lin Y, Huang W, Zeng W, Shi X, Bai Y, Fan H. Gut microbiota dynamics and fecal SCFAs after colonoscopy: accelerating microbiome stabilization by Clostridium butyricum. J Transl Med 2024; 22:222. [PMID: 38429821 PMCID: PMC10908214 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05031-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colonoscopy is a classic diagnostic method with possible complications including abdominal pain and diarrhoea. In this study, gut microbiota dynamics and related metabolic products during and after colonoscopy were explored to accelerate gut microbiome balance through probiotics. METHODS The gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were analyzed in four healthy subjects before and after colonoscopy, along with seven individuals supplemented with Clostridium butyricum. We employed 16S rRNA sequencing and GC-MS to investigate these changes. We also conducted bioinformatic analysis to explore the buk gene, encoding butyrate kinase, across C. butyricum strains from the human gut. RESULTS The gut microbiota and fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) of four healthy subjects were recovered on the 7th day after colonoscopy. We found that Clostridium and other bacteria might have efficient butyric acid production through bioinformatic analysis of the buk and assessment of the transcriptional level of the buk. Supplementation of seven healthy subjects with Clostridium butyricum after colonoscopy resulted in a quicker recovery and stabilization of gut microbiota and fecal SCFAs on the third day. CONCLUSION We suggest that supplementation of Clostridium butyricum after colonoscopy should be considered in future routine clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Kong
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshi Deng
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Shan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daixuan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Inst. Of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wendan Li
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangfan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Inst. Of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanwen Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weisen Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinlong Shi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Inst. Of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Hongying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Chen Z, Tang Z, Li W, Deng X, Yu L, Yang J, Liu J, Cheng Y, Huang W, Guo X, Shan J, Zhou D, Zeng W, Bai Y, Fan H. Weizmannia coagulans BCF-01: a novel gastrogenic probiotic for Helicobacter pylori infection control. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2313770. [PMID: 38334087 PMCID: PMC10860349 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2313770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The widespread prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection, particularly in China, contributes to the development of gastrointestinal diseases. Antibiotics have limitations, including adverse reactions and increased antibiotic resistance. Therefore, identification of novel gastrogenic probiotics capable of surviving the acidic gastric environment and effectively combating H. pylori infection has potential in restoring gastric microbiota homeostasis. Five novel strains of human gastrogenic Weizmannia coagulans (BCF-01-05) were isolated from healthy gastric mucosa and characterized using 16S rDNA identification. Acid resistance, H. pylori inhibition, and adherence to gastric epithelial cells were evaluated in in-vitro experiments and the molecular mechanism explored in in-vivo experiments. Among the gastric-derived W. coagulans strains, BCF-01 exhibited the strongest adhesion and H. pylori inhibition, warranting further in-vivo safety evaluation. Through 16S rRNA sequencing of a mouse model, BCF-01 was determined to significantly restore H. pylori-associated gastric dysbiosis and increase the abundance of potential probiotic bacteria. Furthermore, BCF-01 enhanced mucosal tight junction protein expression and inhibited the TLR4-NFκB-pyroptosis signaling pathway in macrophages, as demonstrated by qRT-PCR and western blotting.These findings highlight the potential of BCF-01 in the prevention and control of H. pylori infection. Specifically, treatment with BCF-01 effectively restored gastric microecology and improved H. pylori-mediated mucosal barrier destruction while reducing inflammation through inhibition of the TLR4-NFκB-pyroptosis signaling pathway in macrophages. BCF-01 is a promising alternative to traditional triple therapy for H. pylori infections, offering minimal side effects with high suitability for high-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical, Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical, Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wendan Li
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical, Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoshi Deng
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical, Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jixiang Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical, Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical, Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunshui Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanwen Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical, Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical, Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiamin Shan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical, Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daixuan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Inst. of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weisen Zeng
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Bai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Inst. of Gastroenterology of Guangdong Province, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical, Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wu F, Chen ML, Huang WW, Liu J. [Treatment of trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer: a case report]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2022; 44:1390-1392. [PMID: 36575792 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112152-20220620-00437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - M L Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - W W Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350000, China
| | - J Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian Cancer Hospital, Fuzhou 350000, China
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Chen Z, Tang Z, Kong J, Chen L, Liu J, Li Y, Huang W, Li W, Wu J, Zhao W, Meng X, Fan H. Lactobacillus casei SYF-08 Protects Against Pb-Induced Injury in Young Mice by Regulating Bile Acid Metabolism and Increasing Pb Excretion. Front Nutr 2022; 9:914323. [PMID: 35845769 PMCID: PMC9278719 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.914323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pb poisoning affects infant growth and development. However, dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) as the current therapy for Pb poisoning exerts relatively significant toxic side effects in infants. Therefore, identifying a non-toxic treatment in this regard is particularly important. In this study, we aimed to investigate the therapeutic effect of an infant feces-derived probiotic strain, Lactobacillus casei SYF-08 (SYF-08), on Pb poisoning in young mice. The Pb levels in the organisms were detected via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, while the therapeutic effect of SYF-08 on Pb-induced neural system damage was explored via the Morris water maze test, hematoxylin-eosin staining, and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of SYF-08 against Pb-induced intestinal damage were also explored via histological staining, 16S rRNA sequencing, untargeted metabolomics, qRT-PCR, and western blotting. In vivo experiments revealed that SYF-08 reduced blood and bone Pb levels and increased urinary Pb excretion. Additionally, SYF-08 alleviated Pb-induced pathological damage to the brain and ultimately improved the learning and cognitive abilities of the young mice. This treatment also restored intestinal microflora dysbiosis, regulated bile acid metabolism, and inhibited the FXR-NLRP3 signaling pathway. It also resulted in fewer adverse events than the DMSA treatment. In conclusion, our results provided valuable insights into the therapeutic role of SYF-08 in Pb poisoning and also suggested that its administration can significantly alleviate the Pb-induced damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyu Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Kong
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lixuan Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunting Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanwen Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wendan Li
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junlin Wu
- Guangdong Huankai Microbial Science and Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- BSL-3 Laboratory, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Li Y, Liu A, Chen L, Xiang Y, Huang D, Huang W, Chen Z, Fan H, Meng X. Lactobacillus plantarum WSJ-06 alleviates neurobehavioral injury induced by lead in mice through the gut microbiota. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 167:113308. [PMID: 35850401 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lead exposure can result in cognitive dysfunction and behavioral disorders. However, the current treatments for alleviating lead poisoning have many side effects. Previous studies have suggested that probiotics may have the potential to ameliorate neurotoxicity caused by lead exposure. This study determines the alleviating effects of Lactobacillus plantarum WSJ-06 on neurological disorders induced by chronic lead exposure from the perspective of the gut microbiota and serum metabolites. The results showed that treatment with Lactobacillus plantarum WSJ-06 alleviated memory dysfunction and reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the serum and hippocampus induced by lead exposure. In addition, Lactobacillus plantarum WSJ-06 partially restored the lead-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis. It also increased the proportion of some beneficial metabolites in the serum, such as arachidonic acid, tryptophan hydroxylase, serotonin, vitamin B12, trehalose, and kynurenic acid, and decreased some metabolites in the serum, such as LPS 20:5 and L-kynurenine. A correlation analysis further indicated that lead-induced neurobehavioral disorders were related to intestinal microbiota (the [Eubacterium]_siraeum_group, Roseburia, Lactobacillus, etc) and serum metabolites (LPS 20:5, serotonin, vitamin B12, etc). In conclusion, Lactobacillus plantarum WSJ-06 alleviated neuroinflammation and memory impairment caused by lead exposure by modulating the gut microbiota and metabolites in the serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunting Li
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Anfei Liu
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Lixuan Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Dingbang Huang
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Wanwen Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhenhui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Hongying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| | - Xiaojing Meng
- Department of Occupational Health and Occupational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
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Lin QX, Huang WW, Shen W, Deng XS, Tang ZY, Chen ZH, Zhao W, Fan HY. Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy Increases Inflammatory Susceptibility in Neonatal Offspring by Modulating Gut Microbiota. Front Immunol 2022; 13:889646. [PMID: 35769469 PMCID: PMC9234109 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.889646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) is a liver disease of pregnancy that is characterized by increased bile acid levels in maternal serum. Studies have shown that cholestatic pregnancy can result in long-term metabolic disturbances in the offspring. However, how ICP shapes the offspring’s immunity and predisposition to inflammatory disorders at an early stage is unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of maternal cholestasis on neonatal offspring metabolism and immune function. We compared 71 neonates with ICP mothers and 63 neonates with healthy mothers and found that the incidence of jaundice and infection was significantly higher in ICP offspring. Maternal serum total bile acid level was associated with blood cell counts in full-term ICP offspring. In animal experiments, a compensatory activation of hepatic and ileal farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and altered gut microbiota in the first week were found in ICP offspring. We also investigated lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses in neonatal rats and found that ICP offspring were more susceptible to inflammation. To understand the correlation between congenital abnormal FXR activation and tissue immunity dysregulation, we assessed the effects of the FXR agonist GW4064 and FXR antagonist E/Z-GS in ICP offspring after LPS exposure. The expression of several pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly decreased after treatment with E/Z-GS but increased after treatment with GW4064. Treatment with the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRX01 that inhibits FXR expression in the ileum reduced susceptibility to LPS exposure in ICP offspring. The current study indicated that cholestatic pregnancy may increase the susceptibility of the offspring to inflammation by altering bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota at an early stage. We suggest that supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus LRX01, which inhibits FXR expression in the ileum, may improve intestinal immunity in ICP offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong-xi Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-wen Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Department of Neonatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-shi Deng
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zi-yu Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-hui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- BSL-3 Laboratory (Guangdong), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-ying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Diseases Research, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Hong-ying Fan,
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Yue Y, Chen H, Wang L, Du XB, Gao XF, Liao J, Zhou R, Chen ZH, Chen YZ, Huang WW, Huang XF, Hu M, Zhao CL, Du CH, Deng LL, Liang X, Liu Z. [Analysis on the imported Coronavirus Disease 2019 related cluster epidemic in rural areas of Chengdu]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2021; 55:1240-1244. [PMID: 34706511 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20210421-00396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
An epidemiological investigation was carried out on a local cluster of outbreak caused by imported cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in rural areas of Chengdu in December 2020, to find out the source of infection and the chain of transmission. According to Prevention and Control Protocol for COVID-19 (Version 7), field epidemiological investigation was adopted, combined with big data technology, video image investigation, gene sequencing and other methods to carry out investigation into COVID-19 cases and infections source tracing, analyze the epidemiological association, and map the chain of transmission. From December 7 to 17, 2020, 13 local COVID-19 confirmed cases and 1 asymptomatic case were diagnosed in Chengdu, of which 12 cases (85.71%) had a history of residence and activity in the village courtyard of Taiping (TP), Pidu (P) District, Chengdu. From November 8, 2020 to November 28, 2020, a group of inbound people form Nepal were transferred to the designated entry personnel quarantine hotel of P District which was adjacent to the TP village. During quarantine, there were 5 cases who tested positive for COVID-19. Through gene sequencing alignment, genes of local cases and Nepalese imported cases from the same period are homologous, all belong to the lineage of L2.2.3 (B.1.36 according to Pangolin lineage typing method). According to the results of field epidemiological investigation and gene sequencing analysis, the index case was most likely infected by contact with household waste of quarantine site. Under the situation of normalization prevention and control of COVID-19, sentinel monitoring of fever clinics in primary medical institutions is the key to early detection of the epidemic. The multi-department joint epidemiological investigation and the application of gene technology are the core links of the investigation and traceability of modern infectious diseases. The allocation of public health resources in rural areas needs to be strengthened. We need to improve the capacity for early surveillance and early warning of the epidemic in rural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yue
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - H Chen
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - L Wang
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X B Du
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X F Gao
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - J Liao
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - R Zhou
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z H Chen
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Y Z Chen
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - W W Huang
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X F Huang
- Pidu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 611730, China Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - M Hu
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - C L Zhao
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - C H Du
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - L L Deng
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - X Liang
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Z Liu
- Chengdu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Chengdu 610041, China Chengdu Workstation for Emerging Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Chengdu 610041, China
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Pandher K, Porter CL, Patel HS, Huang WW, Feldman SR. Understanding views of patients on biologics for psoriasis amid the COVID-19 pandemic. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:e249-e251. [PMID: 33332687 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Pandher
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - C L Porter
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - H S Patel
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - W W Huang
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - S R Feldman
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Social Sciences & Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.,Department of Dermatology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Feldman SR, Huang WW. Evidence is lacking for or against palmoplantar pustulosis treatments: what does this mean for the clinician. Br J Dermatol 2020; 184:990. [PMID: 33249571 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S R Feldman
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - W W Huang
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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10
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Huang WW, Ge XY, Huang Y, Chai XT, Zhang L, Zhang YX, Deng LN, Liu CQ, Xu H, Gao J. High-yield strain of fusidic acid obtained by atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis and the transcriptional changes involved in improving its production in fungus Fusidium coccineum. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 130:405-415. [PMID: 32734700 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To obtain the high-yield strain of fusidic acid, which is produced from fungus Fusidium coccineum and is the only fusidane-type antibiotic that has been used clinically, and confirm the changes in the transcription levels involved in increasing its production. METHODS AND RESULTS By using the atmospheric and room temperature plasma mutagenesis technology, a high-yield mutant strain of fusidic acid-producing fungus F. coccineum was obtained. Using the genomic analysis of the original strain based on biosynthetic pathways of ergosterol and helvolic acid, we demonstrate that the pathway involved in the biosynthesis of 2,3-oxidosqualene from acetyl coenzyme A was shared by fusidic acid and ergosterol, and fusidic acid was finally synthesized by the catalysis of multiple cytochrome P450s and short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase from 2,3-oxidosqualene. Then, through the transcriptomic analysis of the original and mutagenized strain, it revealed that the proposed pathway from sucrose to fusidic acid was the most significantly up-regulated in the transcription levels of the mutant strain. CONCLUSIONS The changes in the transcription levels of fusidic acid during its biosynthesis might result in high-yield of fusidic acid in the mutant strain. This is the first report on the whole biosynthetic pathway of fusidic acid in F. coccineum. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study obtain the genetic basis for the biosynthesis of fusidic acid which could be beneficial for the molecular modifications of F. coccineum to further increase its yield by fermentation in future, and established the foundation to reveal the mechanism of the high-yield of the mutant strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China.,School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - X Y Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - Y Huang
- Joyang Laboratories, Yancheng, China
| | - X T Chai
- Joyang Laboratories, Yancheng, China
| | - L Zhang
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - Y X Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - L N Deng
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - C Q Liu
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
| | - H Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Gao
- School of Marine and Bioengineering, Yancheng Institute of Technology, Yancheng, China
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11
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Stiff KM, Glines KR, Muse ME, Cline A, Feldman SR, Jorizzo JL, Huang WW. Gentian violet for pyoderma gangrenosum: a retrospective chart review. Dermatol Online J 2020; 26:13030/qt3sm8q75w. [PMID: 32155035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pyoderma gangrenosum is a rare autoinflammatory skin disease. Treatment is multifactorial, addressing inflammation, pain, underlying disease, if present, and the wound. Gentian violet has been used for hundreds of years in a variety of dermatologic conditions for its anti-inflammatory properties. This study aims to evaluate gentian violet in wound healing for pyoderma gangrenosum. We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients with pyoderma gangrenosum treated with gentian violet at the Wake Forest School of Medicine Department of Dermatology in the last 10 years. The primary outcome was clinical improvement. Of the 34 cases that met inclusion criteria, 70% improved with gentian violet, 24% had no documented change, 3% initially improved then worsened, and 3% had unclear results. Gentian violet is a safe and cheap treatment that may improve resolution of pyoderma gangrenosum lesions in addition to systemic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Stiff
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC.
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12
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Stiff KM, Glines KR, Muse ME, Cline A, Feldman SR, Jorizzo JL, Huang WW. Gentian violet for pyoderma gangrenosum: a retrospective chart review. Dermatol Online J 2020. [DOI: 10.5070/d3261047197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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13
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Wu Q, Hu LY, Huang WW, Xia L, Hong LF. [Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction complicated with acute pulmonary embolism: a report of 2 cases]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2019; 47:326-328. [PMID: 31060193 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3758.2019.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Q Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Fifth Hospital in Wuhan, Wuhan 430050, China
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14
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Tjahjono LA, Cline A, Huang WW, Feldman SR. Use of absolute risk measurements in observational dermatology studies: important information for decision-making is frequently absent. Br J Dermatol 2018; 180:678-679. [PMID: 30328103 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L A Tjahjono
- Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, U.S.A
| | - A Cline
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Winston-Salem, NC, U.S.A
| | - W W Huang
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Winston-Salem, NC, U.S.A
| | - S R Feldman
- Center for Dermatology Research, Department of Dermatology, Winston-Salem, NC, U.S.A.,Department of Pathology, Winston-Salem, NC, U.S.A.,Division of Public Health Sciences - Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, U.S.A
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Dorrell
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Dermatology Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, U.S.A
| | - W W Huang
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Dermatology Research, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, U.S.A
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16
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Abstract
A wavelength splitter and a polarization splitter with high compactness and extremely simple structures are designed for optical communication wavelengths. Operation principle of the devices is based on directional coupling in two parallel periodic dielectric waveguides. The device performances have been evaluated by the finite-difference time-domain simulations. The wavelength splitter with a coupling region length of 5 mum can route 1.31 and 1.55 mum wavelengths to corresponding outputs with a transmittance of more than 93%, while the polarization splitter with a coupling region length of 4.6 mum can divide lightwaves in TM and TE polarizations with a degree of polarization higher than 90% at 1.55 mum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, School of Physics and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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17
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Huang WW, Perera S, Studenski S, VanSwearingen J. USING PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE MEASURES TO PREDICT THE ONSET OF BASIC ADL DISABILITIES IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER ADULTS. J Geriatr Phys Ther 2007. [DOI: 10.1519/00139143-200712000-00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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18
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Huang WW, Yang JS, Lin CF, Ho WJ, Lee MR. Pycnogenol induces differentiation and apoptosis in human promyeloid leukemia HL-60 cells. Leuk Res 2005; 29:685-92. [PMID: 15863210 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2004.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2004] [Accepted: 10/26/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Pycnogenol, rich of many phytochemicals of medical value, is a commercialized nutrient supplement extracted from the bark of European coastal pine. In this study, we investigated the anti-tumor effects of Pycnogenol on HL-60, U937 and K562 human leukemia cell lines. We found that Pycnogenol inhibited cell proliferation dose- and time-dependently, and the IC(50)s of Pycnogenol on HL-60, U937 and K562 cells were 150, 40 and 100 microg/ml, respectively. When HL-60 cells were incubated with low concentrations of Pycnogenol (50, 100 and 125 microg/ml) for 24 h, a prominent G0/G1 arrest was observed, followed by gradual accumulation of sub-G0/G1 nuclei. At 48 h of treatment, 50-70% of HL-60 cells differentiated, as evidenced by morphological changes, NBT reduction, induction of NSE activity, and increases of cell surface expression of CD11b. However, results from Annexin V/PI staining, DAPI staining and DNA fragmentation assay indicated that Pycnogenol induced HL-60, U937 and K562 cell apoptosis at their respective IC(50)s after 24 h of treatments. Pretreatment of z-DEVD-fmk, a caspase-3 specific inhibitor, not only decreased caspase-3 activity but also reduced the percentage of apoptotic cells induced by Pycnogenol. This indicated that caspase-3 activation was involved in Pycnogenol induced-apoptosis. In conclusion, Pycnogenol induced differentiation and apoptosis in leukemia cells. Our data suggest that Pycnogenol could serve as a potent cancer chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agent for human leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Huang
- Department of Biology, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 404, Taiwan, ROC
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19
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Zhu RX, Hoffman KA, Potts R, Deng CL, Pan YX, Guo B, Shi CD, Guo ZT, Yuan BY, Hou YM, Huang WW. Earliest presence of humans in northeast Asia. Nature 2001; 413:413-7. [PMID: 11574886 DOI: 10.1038/35096551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The timing of the earliest habitation and oldest stone technologies in different regions of the world remains a contentious topic in the study of human evolution. Here we contribute to this debate with detailed magnetostratigraphic results on two exposed parallel sections of lacustrine sediments at Xiaochangliang in the Nihewan Basin, north China; these results place stringent controls on the age of Palaeolithic stone artifacts that were originally reported over two decades ago. Our palaeomagnetic findings indicate that the artifact layer resides in a reverse polarity magnetozone bounded by the Olduvai and Jaramillo subchrons. Coupled with an estimated rate of sedimentation, these findings constrain the layer's age to roughly 1.36 million years ago. This result represents the age of the oldest known stone assemblage comprising recognizable types of Palaeolithic tool in east Asia, and the earliest definite occupation in this region as far north as 40 degrees N.
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Affiliation(s)
- R X Zhu
- Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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20
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Abstract
The enzyme xanthine oxidase catalyses the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid, which plays a crucial role in gout. A total of 122 traditional Chinese medicinal plants, selected according to the clinical efficacy and prescription frequency for the treatment of gout and other hyperuricemia-related disorders, have been evaluated for the enzyme inhibitory activity. Among the 122 methanol extracts derived from these species, 69 were shown to be inhibitory at 100 microg/ml, with 29 having greater than 50% inhibition. As to the equal amount of water extracts, 40 were disclosed to be active at 100 microg/ml, with 13 possessing more than 50% inhibition. At 50 microg/ml, 58 methanol and 24 water extracts exhibited inhibitory activity, with 15 of the former and two of the latter showing greater than 50% inhibition. The most active was the methanol extract of the twig of Cinnamomum cassia (Lauraceae) (IC(50), 18 microg/ml), which was followed immediately by those of the flower of Chrysanthemum indicum (Asteraceae) (IC(50), 22 microg/ml) and the leaves of Lycopus europaeus (Lamiatae) (IC(50), 26 microg/ml). Among the water extracts, the strongest inhibition of the enzyme was observed with that of the rhizome of Polygonum cuspidatum (Polygonaceae) (IC(50), 38 microg/ml). The IC(50) value of allopurinol used as a positive control was 1.06 microg/ml. The study demonstrated that the effects for these medicinal plants used for the gout treatment were based, at least in part, on the xanthine oxidase inhibitory action.
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Affiliation(s)
- L D Kong
- Institute of Functional Biomolecule, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, 210093, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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21
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Allen AD, Cheng B, Fenwick MH, Huang WW, Missiha S, Tahmassebi D, Tidwell TT. Radical Additions of TEMPO to Ketenes: Correlation of Free Radical and Nucleophilic Reactivity. Org Lett 1999; 1:693-6. [PMID: 16118865 DOI: 10.1021/ol990628i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPO, TO*) reacts with a variety of ketenes R1R2C=C=O by rate-limiting attack on carbonyl carbon to give the 1,2-bis(adducts) R1R2C(OT)CO2T. The alpha,beta-unsaturated ketenes (E)-PhCH=CHCH=C=O (8b) and PhC=CCH=C=O (8c) give the 1,4-bis(adducts) PhCH(OT)CH=CHCO2T and PhC(OT)=C=CHCO2T. The ketenes may be generated in situ for these reactions in the presence of TEMPO by either dehydrochlorination of R1R2CHCOCl with Et3N or Wolff rearrangement. Ketenes PhCH=C=O (8a), 8b, and 8c had not previously been observed as long-lived species at room temperature, but when formed by photochemical Wolff rearrangement, these could be characterized in solution by conventional IR spectroscopy and used for kinetic studies for reaction with TEMPO using UV detection. The reactions of six ketenes with TEMPO in hydrocarbon solvents follow second-order kinetics, with a range of 2.5 x 10(5) in the rate constants, which are correlated with unit slope with the corresponding rate constants for hydration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A D Allen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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22
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Huang WW, Garcia-Zepeda EA, Sauty A, Oettgen HC, Rothenberg ME, Luster AD. Molecular and biological characterization of the murine leukotriene B4 receptor expressed on eosinophils. J Exp Med 1998; 188:1063-74. [PMID: 9743525 PMCID: PMC2212531 DOI: 10.1084/jem.188.6.1063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The movement of leukocytes into tissues is regulated by the local production of chemical mediators collectively referred to as chemoattractants. Although chemoattractants constitute a diverse array of molecules, including proteins, peptides, and lipids, they all appear to signal leukocytes through a related family of seven transmembrane-spanning G protein-coupled receptors. The eosinophil is a potent proinflammatory cell that is attracted into tissues during allergic inflammation, parasitic infection, and certain malignancies. Since the molecular mechanisms controlling eosinophil recruitment are incompletely understood, we performed a degenerate polymerase chain reaction on cDNA isolated from murine eosinophils to identify novel chemoattractant receptors. We report the isolation of a cDNA that encodes a 351-amino acid glycoprotein that is 78% identical to a human gene that has been reported to be a purinoceptor (P2Y7) and a leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor (BLTR). Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transfected with this cDNA specifically bound [3H]LTB4 with a dissociation constant of 0.6 +/- 0.1 nM. Furthermore, LTB4 induced a dose-dependent intracellular calcium flux in transfected CHO cells. In contrast, [35S]dATP did not specifically bind to these transfectants. This mRNA was expressed at high levels in interleukin 5-exposed eosinophils, elicited peritoneal macrophages and neutrophils, and to a lesser extent interferon gamma stimulated macrophages. Low levels of expression were detected in the lung, lymph node, and spleen of unchallenged mice. Western blot analysis detected the mBLTR protein in murine eosinophils and alveolar macrophages as well as human eosinophils. In addition, elevated levels of mBLTR mRNA were found in the lungs of mice in a murine model of allergic pulmonary inflammation in a time course consistent with the influx of eosinophils. Our findings indicate that this murine receptor is an LTB4 receptor that is highly expressed on activated leukocytes, including eosinophils, and may play an important role in mediating eosinophil recruitment into inflammatory foci.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- CHO Cells
- Calcium/metabolism
- Cell Line
- Chemotactic Factors, Eosinophil/physiology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cricetinae
- DNA, Complementary/analysis
- Disease Models, Animal
- Eosinophils/metabolism
- Eosinophils/pathology
- Female
- Humans
- Leukotriene B4/metabolism
- Macrophages, Alveolar/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred Strains
- Mice, Transgenic
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Plasmids/genetics
- Protein Binding
- Protein Biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Leukotriene B4/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Leukotriene B4/blood
- Receptors, Leukotriene B4/chemistry
- Receptors, Leukotriene B4/genetics
- Receptors, Leukotriene B4/physiology
- Respiratory Hypersensitivity/immunology
- Respiratory Hypersensitivity/metabolism
- Respiratory Hypersensitivity/pathology
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Huang
- Infectious Disease Unit, AIDS Research Center, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown 02129, USA
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23
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Abstract
The cytotoxic T cell line CTLL-2 and the T helper cell line HT2 proliferate in response to interleukin 2 (IL-2) or IL-4 without requiring stimulation by antigen through the T cell receptor and therefore lend themselves for studies of IL-2- and IL-4-dependent proliferation and signalling through their cognate receptors. Here we have used CTLL-2 and HT2 cells to investigate the effect of the inflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on IL-2- and IL-4-dependent proliferation. PGE2 inhibited IL-2- as well as IL-4-dependent proliferation of both CTLL-2 and HT2 cells, with IL-4-dependent proliferation being more sensitive than IL-2-dependent proliferation and CTLL-2 cells being more sensitive than HT2 cells. A quantitative dose-effect analysis revealed a two-step increase of inhibition (around 10(-10) M and 10(-5) M PGE2) for all combinations of cells and cytokines approaching 100% at high concentrations of PGE2. The data suggest that even in cases where synthesis of IL-2 and IL-4 is differentially affected by PGE2, IL-2- and IL-4-dependent T cells may still be similarly sensitive to PGE2 by way of their cytokine responsiveness. Furthermore, the effects of PGE2 may be mediated by more than one functional binding site or receptor subtype. PGE2 levels are an important consideration when CTLL-2 and HT2 cells are used for the measurement of IL-4 and IL-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Gurlo
- University of Southern California, School of Pharmacy, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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24
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Fang SW, Huang WW, Chen LH. [Contamination of seafood by Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Taiwan]. Zhonghua Min Guo Wei Sheng Wu Ji Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 1987; 20:140-7. [PMID: 3652783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
From October 1984 to September 1985, a total of 770 seafood samples, collected from the retail markets of 8 coastal cities in Taiwan, were tested for the contamination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The results showed that 352 samples (45.7%) were contaminated by V. parahaemolyticus. The detection frequencies of various samples were as follows: 40.0% fish samples, 22.3% fish fillets, 44.4% shrimps and 47.8% crabs of the crustacea group, 68.7% bivalve shellfish and 31.9% non-bivalve shellfish of the mollusca group. Bivalve shellfish samples showed the highest detection frequency and counts. By the analysis of variance, cities and sample items affected the detection frequency and counts of V. parahaemolyticus. Positive statistical correlation was found between the counts of V. parahaemolyticus and temperature variation in some cities, whereas the detection frequency of V. parahaemolyticus was not relative to the temperature variation in each city. 182 isolates from different types of seafood reacted with K antisera. Of those serotypes, K17 showed the highest detection frequency in the serological test. All of our isolates showed negative reaction for the Kanagawa test.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Fang
- Food and Drug Bureau, Department of Health, Taipei, ROC
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25
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Wang ZW, Song XB, Huang WW, Tao LX, Xu JY. Investigation of experimental metastases in the lung by cast-scanning electron microscopy. Shi Yan Sheng Wu Xue Bao 1986; 19:6-79. [PMID: 3739503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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