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Stavrou V, Fultang L, Booth S, De Simone D, Bartnik A, Scarpa U, Gneo L, Panetti S, Potluri S, Almowaled M, Barlow J, Jankevics A, Lloyd G, Southam A, Priestman DA, Cheng P, Dunn W, Platt F, Endou H, Craddock C, Keeshan K, Mussai F, De Santo C. Invariant NKT cells metabolically adapt to the acute myeloid leukaemia environment. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2023; 72:543-560. [PMID: 35962843 PMCID: PMC9947083 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-022-03268-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) creates an immunosuppressive environment to conventional T cells through Arginase 2 (ARG2)-induced arginine depletion. We identify that AML blasts release the acute phase protein serum amyloid A (SAA), which acts in an autocrine manner to upregulate ARG2 expression and activity, and promote AML blast viability. Following in vitro cross-talk invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells become activated, upregulate mitochondrial capacity, and release IFN-γ. iNKT retain their ability to proliferate and be activated despite the low arginine AML environment, due to the upregulation of Large Neutral Amino Acid Transporter-1 (LAT-1) and Argininosuccinate Synthetase 1 (ASS)-dependent amino acid pathways, resulting in AML cell death. T cell proliferation is restored in vitro and in vivo. The capacity of iNKT cells to restore antigen-specific T cell immunity was similarly demonstrated against myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in wild-type and Jα18-/- syngeneic lymphoma-bearing models in vivo. Thus, stimulation of iNKT cell activity has the potential as an immunotherapy against AML or as an adjunct to boost antigen-specific T cell immunotherapies in haematological or solid cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Stavrou
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Livingstone Fultang
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sarah Booth
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Daniele De Simone
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Arekdiusz Bartnik
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ugo Scarpa
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Luciana Gneo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Silvia Panetti
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sandeep Potluri
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Meaad Almowaled
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK
| | - Jonathan Barlow
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andris Jankevics
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Gavin Lloyd
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Andrew Southam
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - David A Priestman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Paul Cheng
- Bio-Cancer Treatment International, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Warwick Dunn
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Frances Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Hitoshi Endou
- J-Pharma Co. Ltd, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0046, Japan
| | - Charles Craddock
- Institute of Cancer and Genomics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Karen Keeshan
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0YN, UK
| | - Francis Mussai
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
| | - Carmela De Santo
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
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Alimajstorovic Z, Mollan SP, Grech O, Mitchell JL, Yiangou A, Thaller M, Lyons H, Sassani M, Seneviratne S, Hancox T, Jankevics A, Najdekr L, Dunn W, Sinclair AJ. Dysregulation of Amino Acid, Lipid, and Acylpyruvate Metabolism in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Non-targeted Case Control and Longitudinal Metabolomic Study. J Proteome Res 2022; 22:1127-1137. [PMID: 36534069 PMCID: PMC10088035 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is characterized by increased intracranial pressure occurring predominantly in women with obesity. The pathogenesis is not understood. We have applied untargeted metabolomic analysis using ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to characterize the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum in IIH compared to control subjects. Methods and findings: Samples were collected from IIH patients (n = 66) with active disease at baseline and again at 12 months following therapeutic weight loss. Control samples were collected from gender- and weight-matched healthy controls (n = 20). We identified annotated metabolites in CSF, formylpyruvate and maleylpyruvate/fumarylpyruvate, which were present at lower concentrations in IIH compared to control subjects and returned to values observed in controls following weight loss. These metabolites showed the opposite trend in serum at baseline. Multiple amino acid metabolic pathways and lipid classes were perturbed in serum and CSF in IIH alone. Serum lipid metabolite pathways were significantly increased in IIH. Conclusions: We observed a number of differential metabolic pathways related to amino acid, lipid, and acylpyruvate metabolism, in IIH compared to controls. These pathways were associated with clinical measures and normalized with disease remission. Perturbation of these metabolic pathways provides initial understanding of disease dysregulation in IIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerin Alimajstorovic
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Susan P. Mollan
- Birmingham Neuro-Ophthalmology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2WB, U.K
| | - Olivia Grech
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - James L. Mitchell
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, U.K
| | - Andreas Yiangou
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, U.K
| | - Mark Thaller
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, U.K
| | - Hannah Lyons
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, U.K
| | - Matilde Sassani
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, U.K
| | - Senali Seneviratne
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Thomas Hancox
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Andris Jankevics
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
| | - Lukáš Najdekr
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Palacký University Olomouc, Hněvotínská 5, Olomouc 77900, Czech Republic
| | - Warwick Dunn
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, U.K
| | - Alexandra J. Sinclair
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
- Department of Neurology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2WB, U.K
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partners, Birmingham B15 2TT, U.K
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Harrieder EM, Kretschmer F, Dunn W, Böcker S, Witting M. Critical assessment of chromatographic metadata in publicly available metabolomics data repositories. Metabolomics 2022; 18:97. [PMID: 36436113 PMCID: PMC9701651 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01956-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The structural identification of metabolites represents one of the current bottlenecks in non-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based metabolomics. The Metabolomics Standard Initiative has developed a multilevel system to report confidence in metabolite identification, which involves the use of MS, MS/MS and orthogonal data. Limitations due to similar or same fragmentation pattern (e.g. isomeric compounds) can be overcome by the additional orthogonal information of the retention time (RT), since it is a system property that is different for each chromatographic setup. OBJECTIVES In contrast to MS data, sharing of RT data is not as widespread. The quality of data and its (re-)useability depend very much on the quality of the metadata. We aimed to evaluate the coverage and quality of this metadata from public metabolomics repositories. METHODS We acquired an overview on the current reporting of chromatographic separation conditions. For this purpose, we defined the following information as important details that have to be provided: column name and dimension, flow rate, temperature, composition of eluents and gradient. RESULTS We found that 70% of descriptions of the chromatographic setups are incomplete (according to our definition) and an additional 10% of the descriptions contained ambiguous and/or incorrect information. Accordingly, only about 20% of the descriptions allow further (re-)use of the data, e.g. for RT prediction. Therefore, we have started to develop a unified and standardized notation for chromatographic metadata with detailed and specific description of eluents, columns and gradients. CONCLUSION Reporting of chromatographic metadata is currently not unified. Our recommended suggestions for metadata reporting will enable more standardization and automatization in future reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva-Maria Harrieder
- Research Unit Analytical BioGeoChemistry, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fleming Kretschmer
- Chair of Bioinformatics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Warwick Dunn
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular, and Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK
| | - Sebastian Böcker
- Chair of Bioinformatics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Ernst-Abbe-Platz 2, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Michael Witting
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
- Chair of Analytical Food Chemistry, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-Von-Imhof-Forum 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
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Barlow JP, Karstoft K, Vigelsø A, Gram M, Helge JW, Dela F, Pappan K, O'Neil D, Dunn W, Solomon TPJ. Beta-aminoisobutyric acid is released by contracting human skeletal muscle and lowers insulin release from INS-1 832/3 cells by mediating mitochondrial energy metabolism. Metabol Open 2020; 7:100053. [PMID: 32924003 PMCID: PMC7479356 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2020.100053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims/hypothesis This study aimed to examine if beta-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) is (i) secreted by skeletal muscle in humans during exercise, (ii) associated with insulin secretory function in vivo, and (iii) directly linked with acute glucose-mediated insulin release by pancreatic beta cells in vitro. Methods Following 2-weeks of single-leg immobilization, plasma BAIBA concentrations were measured in the brachial artery and the femoral veins of each leg in healthy male subjects, at rest and during two-legged dynamic knee-extensor exercise. During a 2-h hyperglycamic clamp, insulin secretory function and levels of plasma BAIBA were assessed in non-diabetic individuals, non-diabetic individuals following 24-h hyperglycemia and patients with type 2 diabetes. Direct effects of BAIBA on acute glucose-mediated insulin release were probed in INS-1832/3 cells under normal and ‘diabetes-like’ conditions. Finally, the effect of BAIBA on mitochondrial function was assessed in INS-1832/3 cells using extracellular flux analysis. Results (i) BAIBA is released from skeletal muscle at rest and during exercise under healthy conditions but is suppressed during exercise following leg immobilization, (ii) plasma BAIBA concentrations inversely associate with insulin secretory function in humans, (iii) BAIBA lowers mitochondrial energy metabolism in INS-1 832/3 cells in parallel with decreased insulin secretion Conclusion/interpretation: BAIBA is a myokine released by skeletal muscle during exercise and indepedantly alters the triggering pathway of insulin secretion in cultured INS-1832/3 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Barlow
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.,Mitochondrial Profiling Centre, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Kristian Karstoft
- Centre of Inflammation and Metabolism, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Centre for Physical Activity Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas Vigelsø
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Gram
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørn W Helge
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Dela
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Geriatrics, Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg University Hospital, Bispebjerg, Denmark
| | | | - Donna O'Neil
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Warwick Dunn
- School of Biosciences and Phenome Centre Birmingham, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.,Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Thomas P J Solomon
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK.,Institute for Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
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Lietz G, Oxley A, Finney K, Clark A, Giles T, Foster N, Southam A, Jankevics A, Lloyd G, Winder C, Dunn W. Effects of Chronic Hypervitaminosis a on Global Plasma Metabolome Changes and Liver Gene Expression (OR05-06-19). Curr Dev Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz029.or05-06-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Concerns about inadvertent chronic excessive vitamin A (VA) intakes due to overly frequent supplementation, fortification and voluntarily fortified products have been raised. Although chronic excessive VA intake can create liver abnormalities, clinically detectable signs of VA toxicity are rare, indicating the need for early biomarkers of tissue damage induced by excessive VA intake.
Methods
To identify early markers of VA toxicity, we induced chronic hypervitaminosis A in pigs (64 pigs, 8 per group) dosed with an oral supplement of retinyl propionate (0 up to 10,000 µg/KgBW) for 17 weeks. To assess the regulatory role of vitamin A in liver metabolism, a microarray analysis was performed to identify genetic regulation in liver tissue. Gene expression data were confirmed using qRT-PCR, and differentially expressed transcripts and pathways were identified using Genespring and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA). Additionally, two untargeted UPLC-MS assays (HILIC and C18 reversed phase) were applied to analyse plasma metabolites followed by univariate and multivariate analysis.
Results
Metabolomics analysis indicated that between 228 to 949 plasma metabolites were statistically significant between VA treated and control animals. The majority of metabolic changes observed in plasma were lipids, with ceramides, glycerophospholipids, lysoglycerophospholipids, sterol lipids and triacylglycerides enriched in both low and high VA dosed animals. Gene expression analysis confirmed significant changes in lipid metabolism, with pathways in metabolism of terpenoids and membrane lipids significantly increased by 2.4 fold.
Conclusions
The combined analysis of gene expression with untargeted metabolomics data confirm that changes in liver function and lipid metabolism offers an opportunity to develop a biomarker panel to diagnose pre-symptomatic hypervitaminosis A in humans.
Funding Sources
Supported by the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tim Giles
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham
| | - Neil Foster
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham
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Finney K, Oxley A, Winder C, Southam A, Jankevics A, Lloyd G, Giles T, Foster N, Dunn W, Lietz G. The Effect of Chronic High Dose Vitamin a Supplementation on Lipid Metabolism in Adipose Tissue (P02-013-19). Curr Dev Nutr 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz029.p02-013-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
The objective of this study was to assess the impact of high-dose vitamin A (VA) on lipid metabolism. Previously, VA has been shown to enhance fat mobilisation, leading to a reduction in body fat. We hypothesise that hypervitaminosis A will increase expression of genes associated with lipid catabolism.
Methods
To induce chronic hypervitaminosis A, two groups of pigs (n = 8) were fed a commercial diet. The treatment group was additionally dosed, daily, with an oral supplement of retinyl propionate of 10,000 µg/KgBW for 17 weeks. To assess the impact of VA on lipid metabolism, a microarray analysis was performed to identify gene expression in adipose tissue. Differentially expressed transcripts and pathways were identified using Genespring and mapped to human orthologues for Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA); gene fold changes were confirmed using qRT-PCR. Additionally, an untargeted UPLC-MS lipidomic analysis was carried out in serum samples to identify changes in lipd classes and their metabolites.
Results
In dosed animals, significant increases in plasma retinol (0.66 μmol/L) and liver retinyl ester concentrations (11.98 μmol/g both P < 0.001), as well as an increase in serum NEFA of 92.84 μmol/L (P = 0.001) were observed. Gene expression fold changes in subcutaneous adipose tissue were related to mitochondrial dysfunction and lipid metabolism, including increased expression of MT-CYTB (↑4.78x, P < 0.05) and ATP5A1 (↑3.13x, P < 0.05). Metabolomics confirmed changes in lipids and their metabolites relevant to adipose tissue in blood (P = 0.05), namely a decrease in triacylglyceride concentration and increases in acyl carnitine and cardiolipin concentrations.
Conclusions
An integrated pathway is suggested to explain the role of vitamin A in leading to increased lipolysis, β-oxidation and oxidative phosphorylation, but when in excess, markers of mitochondrial dysfunction were observed.
Funding Sources
Funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kieran Finney
- Human Nutrition Research Centre - Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University
| | - Anthony Oxley
- Human Nutrition Research Centre - Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University
| | | | | | | | | | - Tim Giles
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham
| | - Neil Foster
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham
| | | | - Georg Lietz
- Human Nutrition Research Centre - Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University
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Gupta V, Saxena R, Walia GK, Agarwal T, Vats H, Dunn W, Relton C, Sovio U, Papageorghiou A, Davey Smith G, Khadgawat R, Sachdeva MP. Gestational route to healthy birth (GaRBH): protocol for an Indian prospective cohort study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e025395. [PMID: 31048433 PMCID: PMC6501957 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-025395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pregnancy is characterised by a high rate of metabolic shifts from early to late phases of gestation in order to meet the raised physiological and metabolic needs. This change in levels of metabolites is influenced by gestational weight gain (GWG), which is an important characteristic of healthy pregnancy. Inadequate/excessive GWG has short-term and long-term implications on maternal and child health. Exploration of gestational metabolism is required for understanding the quantitative changes in metabolite levels during the course of pregnancy. Therefore, our aim is to study trimester-specific variation in levels of metabolites in relation to GWG and its influence on fetal growth and newborn anthropometric traits at birth. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A prospective longitudinal study is planned (start date: February 2018; end date: March 2023) on pregnant women that are being recruited in the first trimester and followed in subsequent trimesters and at the time of delivery (total 3 follow-ups). The study is being conducted in a hospital located in Bikaner district (66% rural population), Rajasthan, India. The estimated sample size is of 1000 mother-offspring pairs. Information on gynaecological and obstetric history, socioeconomic position, diet, physical activity, tobacco and alcohol consumption, depression, anthropometric measurements and blood samples is being collected for metabolic assays in each trimester using standardised methods. Mixed effects regression models will be used to assess the role of gestational weight in influencing metabolite levels in each trimester. The association of maternal levels of metabolites with fetal growth, offspring's weight and body composition at birth will be investigated using regression modelling. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The study has been approved by the ethics committees of the Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi and Sardar Patel Medical College, Rajasthan. We are taking written informed consent after discussing the various aspects of the study with the participants in the local language.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vipin Gupta
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ruchi Saxena
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sardar Patel Medical College, Bikaner, Rajasthan, India
| | | | | | - Harsh Vats
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Warwick Dunn
- School of Biosciences, Phenome Centre Birmingham and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Caroline Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Ulla Sovio
- Obstetrics and Gyneacology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Aris Papageorghiou
- Nuffield Department of Women’s & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit and Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Schiffer L, Sinclair A, Ludwig C, O'Reilly M, Westgate C, Singhal R, Taylor A, Dunn W, Arlt W, Storbeck KH. MON-203 Local Activation of 11-Oxygenated Androgens by AKR1C3 Is the Predominant Source of Androgens in Human Female Adipose Tissue. J Endocr Soc 2019. [PMCID: PMC6550723 DOI: 10.1210/js.2019-mon-203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 10% of women and is a lifelong metabolic disorder, with increased risk of type 2 diabetes, fatty liver and cardiovascular disease. Androgen excess is an important driver of metabolic risk. Excess androgen activation in adipose tissue from PCOS women, through conversion of androstenedione (A4) to testosterone (T) by the enzyme AKR1C3, has been shown to drive insulin resistance and lipotoxicity, with insulin upregulating AKR1C3 further. Recent work has shown that 11-oxygenated androgens including 11-ketotestosterone (11KT), which binds and activates the androgen receptor with similar potency to T, constitute the majority of circulating androgens in PCOS, and that AKR1C3 can activate 11-ketoandrostenedione (11KA4) to 11KT with even higher efficiency than A4 to T. This raises the possibility that 11KT is more relevant than T in mediating excess androgen effects in PCOS. Here, we examined the contributions of classic and 11-oxygenated androgen pathways to intra-adipose androgen activation and the functional significance of the involved enzymes. To this end, we performed ex vivo primary adipose tissue incubations with corresponding subcutaneous (sc) and omental (om) adipose tissue obtained from eight women undergoing bariatric surgery (age range 32-59 years; BMI range 44-57). Incubations carried out with 100nM A4 and 11KA4, respectively, revealed significantly higher AKR1C3-mediated conversion of 11KA4 to 11KT than conversion of A4 to T, both in sc and om tissue. We observed a significant reduction of both 11KT and T generation after the addition of a selective AKR1C3 inhibitor to the primary tissue incubations. Conversely, co-incubation with a selective HSD11B1 inhibitor significantly enhanced the activation of 11KA4 to 11KT by decreasing the inactivation of 11KA4 to 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione; HSD11B1 inhibition had no impact on classic androgen pathway activation of A4 to T. Supernatants and tissues are currently undergoing investigation by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy to determine the differential impact of T and 11KT generation on the adipose-specific global metabolome and lipidome. We conclude that local activation of 11-oxygenated androgens is the predominant source of androgen exposure in adipose tissue. AKR1C3 inhibition presents a promising tool to reduce androgen burden in PCOS, with effective reduction in both classic and 11-oxygenated pathway androgen biosynthesis in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Schiffer
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, , United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Michael O'Reilly
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, , United Kingdom
| | | | - Rishi Singhal
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, , United Kingdom
| | - Angela Taylor
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Univeristy of Birmingham, Birmingham, , United Kingdom
| | - Warwick Dunn
- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, , United Kingdom
| | - Wiebke Arlt
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, Univ of Birmingham, Birmingham, , United Kingdom
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9
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Henderson F, Johnston H, Jones E, Foster D, Nagaraju RT, Green M, Fairclough M, Ramirez IBR, He S, Snaar-Jagalska B, Hollywood KA, Dunn W, Spaink HP, Lorigan P, Claude E, Williams K, Hurlstone A, McMahon A. Abstract 4109: Multi-modality imaging to interrogate lipidome changes during melanoma progression in zebrafish. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-4109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Lipids play diverse roles in the body, including cell structure, cell signalling, and energy production; all of which are altered in cancer. Lipid metabolism is therefore a potential therapeutic target, and here has been investigated using a transgenic zebrafish model. This study combines transcriptome and lipidomic analyses for the first time, with in-vivo positron emission tomography (PET) and ex-vivo desorption electrospray ionisation-mass spectrometry (DESI-MS), to investigate lipid metabolism changes in melanoma. Most lipids are made of fatty acids, and the methods by which tumours acquire fatty acids can be altered compared to normal tissue. Here, the PET tracer [18F]-FTHA (a fatty acid analogue) has been used to demonstrate free fatty acid uptake in melanoma tumours in-vivo. Additionally, the excellent spatial resolution of mass spectrometry imaging has been utilised by imaging the FTHA ex-vivo by DESI-MS, allowing more precise spatial correlation with the histology, and revealing the heterogeneous nature of this fatty acid uptake. These imaging data complement the findings of the transcriptome analyses which show upregulation of genes associated with fatty acid uptake. Integrating transcriptome and lipidome data analyses revealed dysregulation of glycerophospholipid pathways, and was supported by DESI-MS data, which revealed heterogeneous changes in lipid metabolism.
Citation Format: Fiona Henderson, Hannah Johnston, Emrys Jones, Duncan Foster, Raghavendar T. Nagaraju, Michael Green, Michael Fairclough, Irene Barinaga-Rementeria Ramirez, Shuning He, B.Ewa Snaar-Jagalska, Katherine A. Hollywood, Warwick Dunn, Herman P. Spaink, Paul Lorigan, Emmanuelle Claude, Kaye Williams, Adam Hurlstone, Adam McMahon. Multi-modality imaging to interrogate lipidome changes during melanoma progression in zebrafish [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4109.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Emrys Jones
- 2Waters Corporation, Wilmslow, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan Foster
- 1University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Michael Green
- 1University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | - Katherine A. Hollywood
- 4Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Warwick Dunn
- 4Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Paul Lorigan
- 1University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kaye Williams
- 1University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Adam McMahon
- 1University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Bennett C, Kohe S, Gill S, Davies N, Storer L, Ritzmann T, Dunn W, Tennant D, Grundy R, Peet A. TBIO-19. MASS SPECTROMETRY OF COMMON CEREBELLAR TUMOURS IDENTIFIES DIFFERENCES IN METABOLISM. Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy059.707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Bennett
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sarah Kohe
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simrandip Gill
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | - Nigel Davies
- Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lisa Storer
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Timothy Ritzmann
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Warwick Dunn
- Phenome Centre Birmingham, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Daniel Tennant
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Richard Grundy
- Children’s Brain Tumour Research Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Andrew Peet
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Birmingham Children’s Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Hulme CH, Stevens A, Dunn W, Heazell AEP, Hollywood K, Begley P, Westwood M, Myers JE. Identification of the functional pathways altered by placental cell exposure to high glucose: lessons from the transcript and metabolite interactome. Sci Rep 2018; 8:5270. [PMID: 29588451 PMCID: PMC5869594 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22535-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The specific consequences of hyperglycaemia on placental metabolism and function are incompletely understood but likely contribute to poor pregnancy outcomes associated with diabetes mellitus (DM). This study aimed to identify the functional biochemical pathways perturbed by placental exposure to high glucose levels through integrative analysis of the trophoblast transcriptome and metabolome. The human trophoblast cell line, BeWo, was cultured in 5 or 25 mM glucose, as a model of the placenta in DM. Transcriptomic analysis using microarrays, demonstrated 5632 differentially expressed gene transcripts (≥± 1.3 fold change (FC)) following exposure to high glucose. These genes were used to generate interactome models of transcript response using BioGRID (non-inferred network: 2500 nodes (genes) and 10541 protein-protein interactions). Ultra performance-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (MS) and gas chromatography-MS analysis of intracellular extracts and culture medium were used to assess the response of metabolite profiles to high glucose concentration. The interactions of altered genes and metabolites were assessed using the MetScape interactome database, resulting in an integrated model of systemic transcriptome (2969 genes) and metabolome (41 metabolites) response within placental cells exposed to high glucose. The functional pathways which demonstrated significant change in response to high glucose included fatty acid β-oxidation, phospholipid metabolism and phosphatidylinositol phosphate signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Hulme
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - A Stevens
- Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - W Dunn
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,School of Biosciences, Phenome Centre Birmingham and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - A E P Heazell
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - K Hollywood
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and School of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK
| | - P Begley
- Centre for Advanced Discovery and Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - M Westwood
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.,Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK
| | - J E Myers
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology & Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK. .,Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester Academic Health sciences Centre, Manchester, M13 9WL, UK.
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Haraldsdottir K, Brickson S, Sanfilippo J, Dunn W, Watson A. In-season changes in heart rate recovery are inversely related to time to exhaustion but not aerobic capacity in rowers. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017. [PMID: 28649720 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To determine if in-season changes in heart rate recovery (HRR) are related to aerobic fitness and performance in collegiate rowers. Twenty-two female collegiate rowers completed testing before and after their competitive season. Body fat percentage (BF%) was determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Maximal aerobic capacity (VO2max ) and time to exhaustion (Tmax ) were determined during maximal rowing ergometer testing followed by 1 minute of recovery. HRR was expressed absolutely and as a percentage of maximal HR (HRR%1 min ). Variables were compared using paired Wilcoxon tests. Multivariable regression models were used to predict in-season changes in HRR using changes in VO2max and Tmax , while accounting for changes in BF%. From preseason to post-season, VO2max and BF% decreased (3.98±0.42 vs 3.78±0.35 L/min, P=.002 and 23.8±3.4 vs 21.3±3.9%, P<.001, respectively), while Tmax increased (11.7±1.3 vs 12.6±1.3 min, P=.002), and HRR%1 min increased (11.1±2.7 vs 13.8±3.8, P=.001). In-season changes in VO2max were not associated with HRR%1 min (P>.05). In-season changes in Tmax were related to changes in HRR%1 min (β=-1.67, P=.006). In-season changes in BF% were not related to changes in HRR (P>.05 for all). HRR1 min and HRR%1 min were faster preseason to post-season, although the changes were unrelated to VO2max . Faster HRR%1 min post-season was inversely related to changes in Tmax . This suggests that HRR should not be used as a measure of aerobic capacity in collegiate rowers, but is a promising measure of training status in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Haraldsdottir
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Kinesiology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S Brickson
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - J Sanfilippo
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - W Dunn
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - A Watson
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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14
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Little LM, Dean E, Tomchek SD, Dunn W. Classifying sensory profiles of children in the general population. Child Care Health Dev 2017; 43:81-88. [PMID: 27545764 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to subtype groups of children in a community sample with and without developmental conditions, based on sensory processing patterns. METHODS We used latent profile analysis to determine the number of sensory subtypes in a sample of n = 1132 children aged 3-14 years with typical development and developmental conditions, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities. RESULTS A five-subtype solution was found to best characterize the sample, which differed on overall degree and differential presentation of sensory processing patterns. Children with and without developmental conditions presented across subtypes, and one subtype was significantly younger in age than others (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results show that sensory subtypes include both children with typical development and those with developmental conditions. Sensory subtypes have previously been investigated in ASD only, and our results suggest that similar sensory subtypes are present in a sample reflective of the general population of children including those largely with typical development. Elevated scores on sensory processing patterns are not unique to ASD but rather are reflections of children's abilities to respond to environmental demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Little
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - E Dean
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - S D Tomchek
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Louisville, Weisskopf Child Evaluation Center, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - W Dunn
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Beger RD, Dunn W, Schmidt MA, Gross SS, Kirwan JA, Cascante M, Brennan L, Wishart DS, Oresic M, Hankemeier T, Broadhurst DI, Lane AN, Suhre K, Kastenmüller G, Sumner SJ, Thiele I, Fiehn O, Kaddurah-Daouk R. Metabolomics enables precision medicine: "A White Paper, Community Perspective". Metabolomics 2016; 12:149. [PMID: 27642271 PMCID: PMC5009152 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-1094-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION BACKGROUND TO METABOLOMICS Metabolomics is the comprehensive study of the metabolome, the repertoire of biochemicals (or small molecules) present in cells, tissues, and body fluids. The study of metabolism at the global or "-omics" level is a rapidly growing field that has the potential to have a profound impact upon medical practice. At the center of metabolomics, is the concept that a person's metabolic state provides a close representation of that individual's overall health status. This metabolic state reflects what has been encoded by the genome, and modified by diet, environmental factors, and the gut microbiome. The metabolic profile provides a quantifiable readout of biochemical state from normal physiology to diverse pathophysiologies in a manner that is often not obvious from gene expression analyses. Today, clinicians capture only a very small part of the information contained in the metabolome, as they routinely measure only a narrow set of blood chemistry analytes to assess health and disease states. Examples include measuring glucose to monitor diabetes, measuring cholesterol and high density lipoprotein/low density lipoprotein ratio to assess cardiovascular health, BUN and creatinine for renal disorders, and measuring a panel of metabolites to diagnose potential inborn errors of metabolism in neonates. OBJECTIVES OF WHITE PAPER—EXPECTED TREATMENT OUTCOMES AND METABOLOMICS ENABLING TOOL FOR PRECISION MEDICINE We anticipate that the narrow range of chemical analyses in current use by the medical community today will be replaced in the future by analyses that reveal a far more comprehensive metabolic signature. This signature is expected to describe global biochemical aberrations that reflect patterns of variance in states of wellness, more accurately describe specific diseases and their progression, and greatly aid in differential diagnosis. Such future metabolic signatures will: (1) provide predictive, prognostic, diagnostic, and surrogate markers of diverse disease states; (2) inform on underlying molecular mechanisms of diseases; (3) allow for sub-classification of diseases, and stratification of patients based on metabolic pathways impacted; (4) reveal biomarkers for drug response phenotypes, providing an effective means to predict variation in a subject's response to treatment (pharmacometabolomics); (5) define a metabotype for each specific genotype, offering a functional read-out for genetic variants: (6) provide a means to monitor response and recurrence of diseases, such as cancers: (7) describe the molecular landscape in human performance applications and extreme environments. Importantly, sophisticated metabolomic analytical platforms and informatics tools have recently been developed that make it possible to measure thousands of metabolites in blood, other body fluids, and tissues. Such tools also enable more robust analysis of response to treatment. New insights have been gained about mechanisms of diseases, including neuropsychiatric disorders, cardiovascular disease, cancers, diabetes and a range of pathologies. A series of ground breaking studies supported by National Institute of Health (NIH) through the Pharmacometabolomics Research Network and its partnership with the Pharmacogenomics Research Network illustrate how a patient's metabotype at baseline, prior to treatment, during treatment, and post-treatment, can inform about treatment outcomes and variations in responsiveness to drugs (e.g., statins, antidepressants, antihypertensives and antiplatelet therapies). These studies along with several others also exemplify how metabolomics data can complement and inform genetic data in defining ethnic, sex, and gender basis for variation in responses to treatment, which illustrates how pharmacometabolomics and pharmacogenomics are complementary and powerful tools for precision medicine. CONCLUSIONS KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR PRECISION MEDICINE Our metabolomics community believes that inclusion of metabolomics data in precision medicine initiatives is timely and will provide an extremely valuable layer of data that compliments and informs other data obtained by these important initiatives. Our Metabolomics Society, through its "Precision Medicine and Pharmacometabolomics Task Group", with input from our metabolomics community at large, has developed this White Paper where we discuss the value and approaches for including metabolomics data in large precision medicine initiatives. This White Paper offers recommendations for the selection of state of-the-art metabolomics platforms and approaches that offer the widest biochemical coverage, considers critical sample collection and preservation, as well as standardization of measurements, among other important topics. We anticipate that our metabolomics community will have representation in large precision medicine initiatives to provide input with regard to sample acquisition/preservation, selection of optimal omics technologies, and key issues regarding data collection, interpretation, and dissemination. We strongly recommend the collection and biobanking of samples for precision medicine initiatives that will take into consideration needs for large-scale metabolic phenotyping studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D. Beger
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA
| | - Warwick Dunn
- School of Biosciences, Phenome Centre Birmingham and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Michael A. Schmidt
- Advanced Pattern Analysis and Countermeasures Group, Research Innovation Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521 USA
| | - Steven S. Gross
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Jennifer A. Kirwan
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Marta Cascante
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - David S. Wishart
- Departments of Computing Science and Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
| | - Matej Oresic
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Thomas Hankemeier
- Division of Analytical Biosciences and Cluster Systems Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University & Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Andrew N. Lane
- Center for Environmental Systems Biochemistry, Department Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY USA
| | - Karsten Suhre
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gabi Kastenmüller
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| | - Susan J. Sumner
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC USA
| | - Ines Thiele
- University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Campus Belval, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA USA
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Internal Medicine and Duke Institute for Brain Sciences and Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3903, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - for “Precision Medicine and Pharmacometabolomics Task Group”-Metabolomics Society Initiative
- Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR 72079 USA
- School of Biosciences, Phenome Centre Birmingham and Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR), University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Advanced Pattern Analysis and Countermeasures Group, Research Innovation Center, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80521 USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021 USA
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona, Av Diagonal 643, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Universitat de Barcelona (IBUB) and CSIC-Associated Unit, Barcelona, Spain
- UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin Ireland
- Departments of Computing Science and Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB Canada
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Division of Analytical Biosciences and Cluster Systems Pharmacology, Leiden Academic Centre for Drug Research, Leiden University & Netherlands Metabolomics Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
- Center for Environmental Systems Biochemistry, Department Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, Lexington, KY USA
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Doha, Qatar
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Oberschleißheim, Germany
- Discovery Sciences, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC USA
- University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, Campus Belval, Esch-Sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis, Davis, CA USA
- Biochemistry Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Internal Medicine and Duke Institute for Brain Sciences and Center for Applied Genomics and Precision Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 3903, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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Velazquez ER, Narayan V, Grossmann P, Dunn W, Gutman D, Aerts H. TU-CD-BRB-04: Automated Radiomic Features Complement the Prognostic Value of VASARI in the TCGA-GBM Dataset. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Rios Velazquez E, Meier R, Dunn W, Alexander B, Wiest R, Bauer S, Gutman D, Reyes M, Aerts H. TU-AB-BRA-11: Evaluation of Fully Automatic Volumetric GBM Segmentation in the TCGA-GBM Dataset: Prognosis and Correlation with VASARI Features. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Pantham P, Heazell A, Mullard G, Begley P, Chen Q, Brown M, Dunn W, Chamley L. Antiphospholipid antibodies alter cell-death-regulating lipid metabolites in first and third trimester human placentae. Placenta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.06.219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Adachi K, Sasaki H, Nagahisa S, Yoshida K, Hattori N, Nishiyama Y, Kawase T, Hasegawa M, Abe M, Hirose Y, Alentorn A, Marie Y, Poggioli S, Alshehhi H, Boisselier B, Carpentier C, Mokhtari K, Capelle L, Figarella-Branger D, Hoang-Xuan K, Sanson M, Delattre JY, Idbaih A, Yust-Katz S, Anderson M, Olar A, Eterovic A, Ezzeddine N, Chen K, Zhao H, Fuller G, Aldape K, de Groot J, Andor N, Harness J, Lopez SG, Fung TL, Mewes HW, Petritsch C, Arivazhagan A, Somasundaram K, Thennarasu K, Pandey P, Anandh B, Santosh V, Chandramouli B, Hegde A, Kondaiah P, Rao M, Bell R, Kang R, Hong C, Song J, Costello J, Bell R, Nagarajan R, Zhang B, Diaz A, Wang T, Song J, Costello J, Bie L, Li Y, Li Y, Liu H, Luyo WFC, Carnero MH, Iruegas MEP, Morell AR, Figueiras MC, Lopez RL, Valverde CF, Chan AKY, Pang JCS, Chung NYF, Li KKW, Poon WS, Chan DTM, Wang Y, Ng HAK, Chaumeil M, Larson P, Yoshihara H, Vigneron D, Nelson S, Pieper R, Phillips J, Ronen S, Clark V, Omay ZE, Serin A, Gunel J, Omay B, Grady C, Youngblood M, Bilguvar K, Baehring J, Piepmeier J, Gutin P, Vortmeyer A, Brennan C, Pamir MN, Kilic T, Krischek B, Simon M, Yasuno K, Gunel M, Cohen AL, Sato M, Aldape KD, Mason C, Diefes K, Heathcock L, Abegglen L, Shrieve D, Couldwell W, Schiffman JD, Colman H, D'Alessandris QG, Cenci T, Martini M, Ricci-Vitiani L, De Maria R, Larocca LM, Pallini R, de Groot J, Theeler B, Aldape K, Lang F, Rao G, Gilbert M, Sulman E, Luthra R, Eterovic K, Chen K, Routbort M, Verhaak R, Mills G, Mendelsohn J, Meric-Bernstam F, Yung A, MacArthur K, Hahn S, Kao G, Lustig R, Alonso-Basanta M, Chandrasekaran S, Wileyto EP, Reyes E, Dorsey J, Fujii K, Kurozumi K, Ichikawa T, Onishi M, Ishida J, Shimazu Y, Kaur B, Chiocca EA, Date I, Geisenberger C, Mock A, Warta R, Schwager C, Hartmann C, von Deimling A, Abdollahi A, Herold-Mende C, Gevaert O, Achrol A, Gholamin S, Mitra S, Westbroek E, Loya J, Mitchell L, Chang S, Steinberg G, Plevritis S, Cheshier S, Gevaert O, Mitchell L, Achrol A, Xu J, Steinberg G, Cheshier S, Napel S, Zaharchuk G, Plevritis S, Gevaert O, Achrol A, Chang S, Harsh G, Steinberg G, Cheshier S, Plevritis S, Gutman D, Holder C, Colen R, Dunn W, Jain R, Cooper L, Hwang S, Flanders A, Brat D, Hayes J, Droop A, Thygesen H, Boissinot M, Westhead D, Short S, Lawler S, Bady P, Kurscheid S, Delorenzi M, Hegi ME, Crosby C, Faulkner C, Smye-Rumsby T, Kurian K, Williams M, Hopkins K, Faulkner C, Palmer A, Williams H, Wragg C, Haynes HR, Williams M, Hopkins K, Kurian KM, Haynes HR, Crosby C, Williams H, White P, Hopkins K, Williams M, Kurian KM, Ishida J, Kurozumi K, Ichikawa T, Onishi M, Fujii K, Shimazu Y, Oka T, Date I, Jalbert L, Elkhaled A, Phillips J, Chang S, Nelson S, Jensen R, Salzman K, Schabel M, Gillespie D, Mumert M, Johnson B, Mazor T, Hong C, Barnes M, Yamamoto S, Ueda H, Tatsuno K, Aihara K, Jalbert L, Nelson S, Bollen A, Hirst M, Marra M, Mukasa A, Saito N, Aburatani H, Berger M, Chang S, Taylor B, Costello J, Popov S, Mackay A, Ingram W, Burford A, Jury A, Vinci M, Jones C, Jones DTW, Hovestadt V, Picelli S, Wang W, Northcott PA, Kool M, Reifenberger G, Pietsch T, Sultan M, Lehrach H, Yaspo ML, Borkhardt A, Landgraf P, Eils R, Korshunov A, Zapatka M, Radlwimmer B, Pfister SM, Lichter P, Joy A, Smirnov I, Reiser M, Shapiro W, Mills G, Kim S, Feuerstein B, Jungk C, Mock A, Geisenberger C, Warta R, Friauf S, Unterberg A, Herold-Mende C, Juratli TA, McElroy J, Meng W, Huebner A, Geiger KD, Krex D, Schackert G, Chakravarti A, Lautenschlaeger T, Kim BY, Jiang W, Beiko J, Prabhu S, DeMonte F, Lang F, Gilbert M, Aldape K, Sawaya R, Cahill D, McCutcheon I, Lau C, Wang L, Terashima K, Yamaguchi S, Burstein M, Sun J, Suzuki T, Nishikawa R, Nakamura H, Natsume A, Terasaka S, Ng HK, Muzny D, Gibbs R, Wheeler D, Lautenschlaeger T, Juratli TA, McElroy J, Meng W, Huebner A, Geiger KD, Krex D, Schackert G, Chakravarti A, Zhang XQ, Sun S, Lam KF, Kiang KMY, Pu JKS, Ho ASW, Leung GKK, Loebel F, Curry WT, Barker FG, Lelic N, Chi AS, Cahill DP, Lu D, Yin J, Teo C, McDonald K, Madhankumar A, Weston C, Slagle-Webb B, Sheehan J, Patel A, Glantz M, Connor J, Maire C, Francis J, Zhang CZ, Jung J, Manzo V, Adalsteinsson V, Homer H, Blumenstiel B, Pedamallu CS, Nickerson E, Ligon A, Love C, Meyerson M, Ligon K, Mazor T, Johnson B, Hong C, Barnes M, Jalbert LE, Nelson SJ, Bollen AW, Smirnov IV, Song JS, Olshen AB, Berger MS, Chang SM, Taylor BS, Costello JF, Mehta S, Armstrong B, Peng S, Bapat A, Berens M, Melendez B, Mollejo M, Mur P, Hernandez-Iglesias T, Fiano C, Ruiz J, Rey JA, Mock A, Stadler V, Schulte A, Lamszus K, Schichor C, Westphal M, Tonn JC, Unterberg A, Herold-Mende C, Morozova O, Katzman S, Grifford M, Salama S, Haussler D, Nagarajan R, Zhang B, Johnson B, Bell R, Olshen A, Fouse S, Diaz A, Smirnov I, Kang R, Wang T, Costello J, Nakamizo S, Sasayama T, Tanaka H, Tanaka K, Mizukawa K, Yoshida M, Kohmura E, Northcott P, Hovestadt V, Jones D, Kool M, Korshunov A, Lichter P, Pfister S, Otani R, Mukasa A, Takayanagi S, Saito K, Tanaka S, Shin M, Saito N, Ozawa T, Riester M, Cheng YK, Huse J, Helmy K, Charles N, Squatrito M, Michor F, Holland E, Perrech M, Dreher L, Rohn G, Goldbrunner R, Timmer M, Pollo B, Palumbo V, Calatozzolo C, Patane M, Nunziata R, Farinotti M, Silvani A, Lodrini S, Finocchiaro G, Lopez E, Rioscovian A, Ruiz R, Siordia G, de Leon AP, Rostomily C, Rostomily R, Silbergeld D, Kolstoe D, Chamberlain M, Silber J, Roth P, Keller A, Hoheisel J, Codo P, Bauer A, Backes C, Leidinger P, Meese E, Thiel E, Korfel A, Weller M, Saito K, Mukasa A, Nagae G, Nagane M, Aihara K, Takayanagi S, Tanaka S, Aburatani H, Saito N, Salama S, Sanborn JZ, Grifford M, Brennan C, Mikkelsen T, Jhanwar S, Chin L, Haussler D, Sasayama T, Tanaka K, Nakamizo S, Nishihara M, Tanaka H, Mizukawa K, Kohmura E, Schliesser M, Grimm C, Weiss E, Claus R, Weichenhan D, Weiler M, Hielscher T, Sahm F, Wiestler B, Klein AC, Blaes J, Weller M, Plass C, Wick W, Stragliotto G, Rahbar A, Soderberg-Naucler C, Sulman E, Won M, Ezhilarasan R, Sun P, Blumenthal D, Vogelbaum M, Colman H, Jenkins R, Chakravarti A, Jeraj R, Brown P, Jaeckle K, Schiff D, Dignam J, Atkins J, Brachman D, Werner-Wasik M, Gilbert M, Mehta M, Aldape K, Terashima K, Shen J, Luan J, Yu A, Suzuki T, Nishikawa R, Matsutani M, Liang Y, Man TK, Lau C, Trister A, Tokita M, Mikheeva S, Mikheev A, Friend S, Rostomily R, van den Bent M, Erdem L, Gorlia T, Taphoorn M, Kros J, Wesseling P, Dubbink H, Ibdaih A, Sanson M, French P, van Thuijl H, Mazor T, Johnson B, Fouse S, Heimans J, Wesseling P, Ylstra B, Reijneveld J, Taylor B, Berger M, Chang S, Costello J, Prabowo A, van Thuijl H, Scheinin I, van Essen H, Spliet W, Ferrier C, van Rijen P, Veersema T, Thom M, Meeteren ASV, Reijneveld J, Ylstra B, Wesseling P, Aronica E, Kim H, Zheng S, Mikkelsen T, Brat DJ, Virk S, Amini S, Sougnez C, Chin L, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Verhaak RGW, Watts C, Sottoriva A, Spiteri I, Piccirillo S, Touloumis A, Collins P, Marioni J, Curtis C, Tavare S, Weiss E, Grimm C, Schliesser M, Hielscher T, Claus R, Sahm F, Wiestler B, Klein AC, Blaes J, Tews B, Weiler M, Weichenhan D, Hartmann C, Weller M, Plass C, Wick W, Yeung TPC, Al-Khazraji B, Morrison L, Hoffman L, Jackson D, Lee TY, Yartsev S, Bauman G, Zheng S, Fu J, Vegesna R, Mao Y, Heathcock LE, Torres-Garcia W, Ezhilarasan R, Wang S, McKenna A, Chin L, Brennan CW, Yung WKA, Weinstein JN, Aldape KD, Sulman EP, Chen K, Koul D, Verhaak RGW. OMICS AND PROGNSTIC MARKERS. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:iii136-iii155. [PMCID: PMC3823898 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
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Ebah L, Oveland E, Read I, Summers A, Nikam M, Sayce A, Chaloner C, Dunn W, Wiig H, Brenchley P, Mitra S, Lindley E, Keane D, Charlie B, Jill H, Linda J, Jayne O, Elizabeth G, Perez de Jose A, Abad Esttebanez S, Verdalles Guzman U, Vega Martinez A, Bucalo Mana L, Rincon Bello A, Barraca D, Yuste Lozano C, Lopez-Gomez JM, Mancini E, Bolasco P, Severi S, Corazza L, Santoro A, Agar B, Leypoldt K, Akonur A, Hutchcraft A, Culleton B. Dialysis techniques and adequacy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease in children. Liver disease can be a cause of low bone mineral density. Whether or not NAFLD influences bone health is not known. AIM To evaluate bone mineral density in obese children with and without NAFLD. METHODS Thirty-eight children with biopsy-proven NAFLD were matched for age, gender, race, ethnicity, height and weight to children without evidence of liver disease from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Bone mineral density was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Age and gender-specific bone mineral density Z-scores were calculated and compared between children with and without NAFLD. After controlling for age, gender, race, ethnicity and total per cent body fat, the relationship between bone mineral density and the severity of histology was analysed in children with NAFLD. RESULTS Obese children with NAFLD had significantly (P < 0.0001) lower bone mineral density Z-scores (-1.98) than obese children without NAFLD (0.48). Forty-five per cent of children with NAFLD had low-bone mineral density for age, compared to none of the children without NAFLD (P < 0.0001). Among those children with NAFLD, children with NASH had a significantly (P < 0.05) lower bone mineral density Z-score (-2.37) than children with NAFLD who did not have NASH (-1.58). CONCLUSIONS The NAFLD was associated with poor bone health in obese children. More severe disease was associated with lower bone mineralisation. Further studies are needed to evaluate the underlying mechanisms and consequences of poor bone mineralisation in children with NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Pardee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, 92123, USA
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Harvie M, Wright C, Pegington M, Mitchell E, Evans DG, Jebb S, Clarke R, Goodacre R, Dunn W, Mattson M, Howell A. P3-09-02: Intermittent Dietary Carbohydrate Restriction Enables Weight Loss and Reduces Breast Cancer Risk Biomarkers. Cancer Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs11-p3-09-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Energy restriction is a potential strategy for breast cancer prevention but is difficult to achieve and maintain. We found that intermittent energy restriction (2 days strict dieting week) is comparable to the standard approach of moderate daily restriction for weight loss and marginally better for improving insulin sensitivity, but no easier to follow1. In this follow on study we wished to test whether 2 novel intermittent low carbohydrate/low energy diets were feasible and easier to follow than a standard daily energy restriction. Design: Randomised comparison of 3 dietary types over 4 months in 115 overweight or obese (mean body mass index 31.0 [±5.3 SD] kg/m2) women at increased risk of breast cancer (lifetime risk > 1 in 6).
Diets:
1. A restricted low carbohydrate diet (RLCD): 650 kcal and <50g carbohydrate / day for 2 days per week
2. Ad lib low carbohydrate diet (ALCD): <50g / day for 2 days per week with other food types (e.g. protein) ad lib
3. A standard daily restricted Mediterranean diet (DRMD): ∼ 1500kcal/day for 7 days per week
Methods: Weight, anthropometrics, blood markers for breast cancer; insulin resistance, oxidative stress markers, leptin, adiponectin, lipids, inflammatory markers IGF-1 were assessed at baseline, 1, 3 and 4 months.
Results: 88/114 completed the study (77%, drop outs 6 RLCD, 8 ALCD 12 DRMD). Last observation carried forward analyses show both intermittent low carbohydrate diets were superior to standard daily restriction for reducing weight and body fat: mean (95% confidence interval [CI]) change in body fat for RLCD was −4.3 (−5.6 to −3.0) kg, for ALCD −4.1 (−5.2 to −3.1) kg vs. −2.4 (−3.4 to −1.2) kg for DRMD (P value for difference between groups = 0.02). The intermittent groups had greater improvement in insulin resistance: mean (95% CI) change for RLCD was −22 (−35 to −11) %, ALCD −14 (−27 to −5%) % vs. −4 (−16 to 9) % for DRMD (P = 0.02). Other biomarkers are being assayed currently.
Conclusion: Greater weight loss, fewer drop outs and greater reductions in insulin resistance with the novel intermittent low carbohydrate diets indicate that these are alternative approaches for energy restriction for potentially reducing risk of breast cancer and other diseases.
Reference:
1Harvie MN, Pegington M, Mattson MP, Frystyk J, Dillon B, Evans G et al. The effects of intermittent or continuous energy restriction on weight loss and metabolic disease risk markers: a randomized trial in young overweight women. Int.J Obes (Lond) 35; 714–27, 2011. This study is funded by the Genesis Breast Cancer Prevention Appeal: www.genesisuk.org
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-09-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Harvie
- 1University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; National Institute of Aging, Baltimore
| | - C Wright
- 1University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; National Institute of Aging, Baltimore
| | - M Pegington
- 1University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; National Institute of Aging, Baltimore
| | - E Mitchell
- 1University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; National Institute of Aging, Baltimore
| | - DG Evans
- 1University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; National Institute of Aging, Baltimore
| | - S Jebb
- 1University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; National Institute of Aging, Baltimore
| | - R Clarke
- 1University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; National Institute of Aging, Baltimore
| | - R Goodacre
- 1University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; National Institute of Aging, Baltimore
| | - W Dunn
- 1University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; National Institute of Aging, Baltimore
| | - M Mattson
- 1University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; National Institute of Aging, Baltimore
| | - A Howell
- 1University Hospital of South Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; MRC Human Nutrition Research Group, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; National Institute of Aging, Baltimore
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Wedge DC, Allwood JW, Dunn W, Vaughan AA, Simpson K, Brown M, Priest L, Blackhall FH, Whetton AD, Dive C, Goodacre R. Is Serum or Plasma More Appropriate for Intersubject Comparisons in Metabolomic Studies? An Assessment in Patients with Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6689-97. [DOI: 10.1021/ac2012224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Warwick Dunn
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust and School of Biomedicine, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), York Place, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, U.K
| | | | - Kathryn Simpson
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research and Manchester Cancer Research Centre (MCRC), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, U.K
| | - Marie Brown
- Centre for Advanced Discovery & Experimental Therapeutics (CADET), Central Manchester NHS Foundation Trust and School of Biomedicine, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC), York Place, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9WL, U.K
| | - Lynsey Priest
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research and Manchester Cancer Research Centre (MCRC), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, U.K
| | - Fiona H. Blackhall
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research and Manchester Cancer Research Centre (MCRC), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, U.K
| | - Anthony D. Whetton
- School of Cancer and Enabling Sciences, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M20 3LJ, U.K
| | - Caroline Dive
- Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Group, Paterson Institute for Cancer Research and Manchester Cancer Research Centre (MCRC), Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX, U.K
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Flueck M, Vaughan D, Allwood W, Hoppeler H, Huber‐Abel F, Rittweger J, Dunn W, O'Hagen S, Goodacre R. Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Exerts System Control Over Fuel Handling In Skeletal Muscle. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.862.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Flueck
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and HealthManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - David Vaughan
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and HealthManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - William Allwood
- Manchester Interdisciplinary BiocentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Hans Hoppeler
- Department of AnatomyUniversity of BerneBerneSwitzerland
| | | | - Joern Rittweger
- Institute for Biomedical Research into Human Movement and HealthManchester Metropolitan UniversityManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Warwick Dunn
- Manchester Interdisciplinary BiocentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Steven O'Hagen
- Manchester Interdisciplinary BiocentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Royston Goodacre
- Manchester Interdisciplinary BiocentreUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
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Broadhurst D, Dunn W, Horgan R, Dekker G, Kenny L. M7.4 Uncovering the metabolomic signature of intrauterine growth restriction in early pregnancy: search, discovery and validation. Pregnancy Hypertens 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s2210-7789(10)60034-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kenny LC, Broadhurst DI, Dunn W, Brown M, North RA, McCowan L, Roberts C, Cooper GJS, Kell DB, Baker PN. Robust early pregnancy prediction of later preeclampsia using metabolomic biomarkers. Hypertension 2010; 56:741-9. [PMID: 20837882 PMCID: PMC7614124 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.157297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a pregnancy-specific syndrome that causes substantial maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The etiology is incompletely understood, and there is no clinically useful screening test. Current metabolomic technologies have allowed the establishment of metabolic signatures of preeclampsia in early pregnancy. Here, a 2-phase discovery/validation metabolic profiling study was performed. In the discovery phase, a nested case-control study was designed, using samples obtained at 15±1 weeks' gestation from 60 women who subsequently developed preeclampsia and 60 controls taking part in the prospective Screening for Pregnancy Endpoints cohort study. Controls were proportionally population matched for age, ethnicity, and body mass index at booking. Plasma samples were analyzed using ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. A multivariate predictive model combining 14 metabolites gave an odds ratio for developing preeclampsia of 36 (95% CI: 12 to 108), with an area under the receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.94. These findings were then validated using an independent case-control study on plasma obtained at 15±1 weeks from 39 women who subsequently developed preeclampsia and 40 similarly matched controls from a participating center in a different country. The same 14 metabolites produced an odds ratio of 23 (95% CI: 7 to 73) with an area under receiver operator characteristic curve of 0.92. The finding of a consistent discriminatory metabolite signature in early pregnancy plasma preceding the onset of preeclampsia offers insight into disease pathogenesis and offers the tantalizing promise of a robust presymptomatic screening test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise C Kenny
- Anu Research Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University College Cork, Cork University Maternity Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
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Murphy JG, Cremonini F, Kane GC, Dunn W. Is simulation based medicine training the future of clinical medicine? Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2007; 11:1-8. [PMID: 17405343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The training of physician in the art and science of clinical medicine presents several challenges that are well suited to simulation based medical education (SBME). Modern patient centered medical education seeks to provide comprehensive "hands-on" clinical exposure for physicians in training, while simultaneously providing maximum individual patient comfort and safety. The ethical conundrum is obvious: direct patient contact is needed in order to educate the best clinical physicians and surgeons, but patients have an expectation to be treated and have surgery performed only by highly trained healthcare personnel. This is the kernel of the "medical educators dilemma". Simulation based medical education can partially solve "the medical educators dilemma" by providing realistic medical education in a safe, error tolerant environment with convenience and advantages over conventional "bedside" training but is it real medicine or make believe!
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Murphy
- Mayo Multidisciplinary Simulation Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Dunn W, Trang P, Khan U, Zhu J, Liu F. RNase P-mediated inhibition of cytomegalovirus protease expression and viral DNA encapsidation by oligonucleotide external guide sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:14831-6. [PMID: 11742095 PMCID: PMC64944 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.261560598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2001] [Accepted: 10/19/2001] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
External guide sequences (EGSs) are oligonucleotides that consist of a sequence complementary to a target mRNA and recruit intracellular RNase P for specific degradation of the target RNA. In this study, DNA-based EGS molecules were chemically synthesized to target the mRNA coding for the protease of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). The EGS molecules efficiently directed human RNase P to cleave the target mRNA sequence in vitro. When EGSs were exogenously administered into HCMV-infected human foreskin fibroblasts, a reduction of about 80-90% in the expression level of the protease and a reduction of about 300-fold in HCMV growth were observed in the cells that were treated with a functional EGS, but not in cells that were not treated with the EGS or with a "disabled" EGS carrying nucleotide mutations that precluded RNase P recognition. Moreover, packaging of the viral DNA genome into the capsid was blocked in the cells treated with the functional EGS. These results indicate that HCMV protease is essential for viral DNA encapsidation. Moreover, our study provides direct evidence that exogenous administration of a DNA-based EGS can be used as a therapeutic approach for inhibiting gene expression and replication of a human virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dunn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Program in Comparative Biochemistry, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Abstract
The experience of being human is embedded in sensory events of everyday life. This lecture reviews sensory processing literature, including neuroscience and social science perspectives. Introduced is Dunns Model of Sensory Processing, and the evidence supporting this model is summarized. Specifically, using Sensory Profile questionnaires (i.e., items describing responses to sensory events in daily life; persons mark the frequency of each behavior), persons birth to 90 years of age demonstrate four sensory processing patterns: sensory seeking, sensory avoiding, sensory sensitivity, and low registration. These patterns are based on a persons neurological thresholds and self-regulation strategies. Psychophysiology studies verify these sensory processing patterns; persons with strong preferences in each pattern also have unique patterns of habituation and responsivity in skin conductance. Studies also indicate that persons with disabilities respond differently than peers on these questionnaires, suggesting underlying poor sensory processing in certain disorders, including autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, developmental delays, and schizophrenia. The author proposes relationships between sensory processing and temperament and personality traits. The four categories of temperament share some consistency with the four sensory processing patterns described in Dunn's model. As with temperament, each person has some level of responsiveness within each sensory processing preference (i.e., a certain amount of seeking, avoiding, etc., not one or the other). The author suggests that one's sensory processing preferences simultaneously reflect his or her nervous system needs and form the basis for the manifestation of temperament and personality. The final section of this lecture outlines parameters for developing best practice that supports interventions based on this knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dunn
- Department of Occupational Therapy Education, University of Kansas, 3033 Robinson, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas 66160-7602, USA
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Pahl O, Burton CH, Dunn W, Biddlestone AJ. The source and abatement of nitrous oxide emissions produced from the aerobic treatment of pig slurry to remove surplus nitrogen. Environ Technol 2001; 22:941-950. [PMID: 11561951 DOI: 10.1080/09593332208618229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The removal of surplus nitrogen from pig slurry can be necessary in order to avoid pollution such as nitrate leaching. However, the treatment itself can create significant pollution; up to 20% of the removed slurry nitrogen has been shown to be released as nitrous oxide (N2O), which contributes to global warming and the breakdown of the ozone in the stratosphere. Avoiding such emission requires conditions that encourage the complete conversion of the nitrogen to the environmentally safe di-nitrogen gas (N2), and a clear understanding of the underlying biochemistry; for example, whether the nitrous oxide is the bi-product of incomplete nitrification (chemical oxidation) or denitrification (chemical reduction). The stable isotope of nitrogen ( N) was used in this investigation as a label. Results indicated a new route for substantial release of N2O: via nitrification (rather than denitrification), caused by a combination of high aeration levels and the presence of nitrification products. Sequential aeration, which leads to a cycling between nitrification and complete denitrification, was proposed as an abatement in view of this new mechanism. This process achieved 89% removal of ammoniacal nitrogen in laboratory scale treatment, with 94% of the nitrogen removed in the form of N2. These findings suggest that the possibility of N2O emissions from nitrification be considered in the design of treatment schemes. Increased aeration would be the intuitive response to incomplete nitrification. However, the results of this study suggested that although this response can increase nitrogen removal, this may be as N2O rather than N2.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Pahl
- Glasgow Caledonian University, UK
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article describes a series of studies designed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Adult Sensory Profile. METHOD Expert judges evaluated the construct validity of the items. Coefficient alpha, factor analysis, and correlations of items with subscales determined item reliability, using data from 615 adult sensory profiles. A subsample of 20 adults furnished skin conductance data. A heterogeneous group of 93 adults completed the revised Adult Sensory Profile, and item reliability was reexamined. RESULTS Expert judgment indicated that items could be categorized according to Dunn's Model of Sensory Processing. Results suggested reasonable item reliability for all subscales except for the Sensation Avoiding subscale. Skin conductance measures detected distinct patterns of physiological responses consistent with the four-quadrant model. Revision of the Adult Sensory Profile resulted in improved reliability of the Sensation Avoiding subscale. CONCLUSION The series of studies provides evidence to support the four subscales of the Adult Sensory Profile as distinct constructs of sensory processing preferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Brown
- Department of Occupational Therapy Education, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3033 Robinson, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.
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Lee M, Xiao J, Haghjoo E, Zhan X, Abenes G, Tuong T, Dunn W, Liu F. Murine cytomegalovirus containing a mutation at open reading frame M37 is severely attenuated in growth and virulence in vivo. J Virol 2000; 74:11099-107. [PMID: 11070005 PMCID: PMC113190 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.23.11099-11107.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A pool of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) mutants was generated by using a Tn3-based transposon mutagenesis procedure. One of the mutants, RvM37, which contained the transposon sequence at open reading frame M37, was characterized both in tissue culture and in immunocompetent BALB/c and immunodeficient SCID mice. Our results provide the first direct evidence to suggest that M37 is not essential for viral replication in vitro in NIH 3T3 cells. Compared to the wild-type strain and a rescued virus that restored the M37 region, the viral mutant was severely attenuated in growth in both BALB/c and SCID mice after intraperitoneal infection. Specifically, titers of the Smith strain and rescued virus in the salivary glands, lungs, spleens, livers, and kidneys of the SCID mice at 21 days postinfection were about 5 x 10(5), 2 x 10(5), 5 x 10(4), 5 x 10(3), and 1 x 10(4) PFU/ml of organ homogenate, respectively; in contrast, titers of RvM37 in these organs were less than 10(2) PFU/ml of organ homogenate. Moreover, the virulence of the mutant virus appeared to be significantly attenuated because none of the SCID mice infected with RvM37 had died by 120 days postinfection, while all animals infected with the wild-type and rescued viruses had died by 26 days postinfection. Our results suggest that M37 probably encodes a virulence factor and is required for MCMV virulence in SCID mice and for optimal viral growth in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lee
- Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunity, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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Lam SR, Devenyi RG, Berger AR, Dunn W. Visual outcome following penetrating globe injuries with retained intraocular foreign bodies. Can J Ophthalmol 1999; 34:389-93. [PMID: 10649580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our institution the occurrence of endophthalmitis related to intraocular foreign bodies has been rare. In this review we analyse the outcome of eyes with retained intraocular foreign bodies presenting to two vitreoretinal surgeons over nearly 7 years. METHODS Review of the records of 26 patients who presented to two surgeons in a tertiary care vitreoretinal service in Toronto between January 1989 and November 1995. Information documented included mechanism of injury, time from injury to definitive surgery, entry site, presence of vitreous hemorrhage, type of surgery performed, initial and final visual acuity, and development of endophthalmitis. RESULTS All the injuries occurred in male patients, with a mean age of 36.1 (range 15 to 55) years. Most of the injuries occurred in the workplace, and in most cases (17 [65.4%]) the mechanism of injury was "metal on metal." The entry site was via a perforating wound of the cornea in 16 cases (61.5%). Almost all cases were repaired within 48 hours by means of pars plana vitrectomy. Concurrent lensectomy was required in 18 cases (69.2%) for lens damage at the time of the original injury. Vitreous hemorrhage was present in 22 cases (84.6%). One patient (3.8%) manifested clinically apparent endophthalmitis, which responded to intravitreal antibiotic therapy. Nineteen eyes (73.1%) had a final visual acuity of 6/24 or better. Eyes with coexisting or subsequent retinal detachment had significantly worse vision than those without retinal detachment (p < 0.001). INTERPRETATION The incidence of endophthalmitis in our series is lower than that in other published series. Prompt definitive treatment was associated with a good prognosis in most cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Toronto, Ont
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Abstract
Our laboratory is interested in the genes and gene products involved in the interactions between Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and the host. These interactions may occur in either the periodontal tissues or other non-oral host tissues such as those of the cardiovascular system. We have previously reported the cloning of several genes encoding hemagglutinins, surface proteins that interact with the host tissues, and are investigating their roles in the disease process. Primary among these is HagA, a very large protein with multiple functional groups that have significant sequence homology to protease genes of this species. Preliminary evidence indicates that an avirulent Salmonella typhimurium strain containing hagA is virulent in mice. These data indicate that HagA may be a key virulence factor of Pg. Additionally, we are investigating the invasion of primary human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAEC) by Pg because of the recent epidemiological studies indicating a correlation between periodontal disease (PD) and coronary heart disease (CHD). We found that some, but not all, strains of Pg are able to invade these cells. Scanning electron microsopy of the infected HCAEC demonstrated that the invading organisms initially attached to the host cell surface as aggregates and by a "pedestal"-like structure. By transmission electronmicroscopy it could be seen that internalized bacteria were present within multimembranous compartments localized with rough endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, invasion of the HCAEC by Pg resulted in an increase in the degradation of long-lived cellular proteins. These data indicate that Pg are present within autophagosomes and may use components of the autophagic pathway as a means to survive intracellularly. However, Pg presence within autophagosomes in KB cells could not be observed or detected. It is therefore likely that Pg uses different invasive mechanisms for different host cells. This and the role of HagA in invasion is currently being investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Progulske-Fox
- University of Florida, Department of Oral Biology, Gainesville 32606, USA.
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Schenk D, Barbour R, Dunn W, Gordon G, Grajeda H, Guido T, Hu K, Huang J, Johnson-Wood K, Khan K, Kholodenko D, Lee M, Liao Z, Lieberburg I, Motter R, Mutter L, Soriano F, Shopp G, Vasquez N, Vandevert C, Walker S, Wogulis M, Yednock T, Games D, Seubert P. Immunization with amyloid-beta attenuates Alzheimer-disease-like pathology in the PDAPP mouse. Nature 1999; 400:173-7. [PMID: 10408445 DOI: 10.1038/22124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2201] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) seems to have a central role in the neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Familial forms of the disease have been linked to mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the presenilin genes. Disease-linked mutations in these genes result in increased production of the 42-amino-acid form of the peptide (Abeta42), which is the predominant form found in the amyloid plaques of Alzheimer's disease. The PDAPP transgenic mouse, which overexpresses mutant human APP (in which the amino acid at position 717 is phenylalanine instead of the normal valine), progressively develops many of the neuropathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease in an age- and brain-region-dependent manner. In the present study, transgenic animals were immunized with Abeta42, either before the onset of AD-type neuropathologies (at 6 weeks of age) or at an older age (11 months), when amyloid-beta deposition and several of the subsequent neuropathological changes were well established. We report that immunization of the young animals essentially prevented the development of beta-amyloid-plaque formation, neuritic dystrophy and astrogliosis. Treatment of the older animals also markedly reduced the extent and progression of these AD-like neuropathologies. Our results raise the possibility that immunization with amyloid-beta may be effective in preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Schenk
- Elan Pharmaceuticals, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article reports some of the findings from a national study of occupational therapy practice conducted by the National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy (NBCOT) as part of its fiduciary responsibility to ensure that its entry-level certification examination is formulated on the basis of current practice. METHOD The NBCOT developed a survey with input from approximately 200 occupational therapy leaders and then used it to solicit information about current practice from 4,000 occupational therapists and 3,000 occupational therapy assistants. The sample included geographical location, experience level, and practice area distributions. RESULTS Approximately 50% of the sample responded to the survey. Data indicate similarities and differences in occupational therapist and occupational therapy assistant practice (e.g., occupational therapists spend more time conducting evaluations, planning interventions, and supervising, whereas occupational therapy assistants spend more time providing interventions), an increased emphasis on population-based services (e.g., serving a business or industry rather than an individual worker), and an emphasis on occupation as a core knowledge base for practice. From a continuing competency perspective, the data can be useful to the profession; we can plan continuing education to address topics that practitioners have indicated are critical to their practice. CONCLUSION The findings will be useful for revising the entry-level certification examination and may guide thinking about the parameters of continuing competence because the responses represent a cross-section of the profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dunn
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7602, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine which factors on the Sensory Profile, a measure of children's responses to commonly occurring sensory experiences, best discriminate among children with autism or pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and children without disabilities. METHOD Data for three groups of children 3 to 15 years of age were used: 38 children with autism or PDD, 61 with ADHD, and 1,075 without disabilities. The researchers conducted a discriminate analysis on the three groups, using group membership as the dependent variable and the nine factors of the Sensory Profile as independent variables. RESULTS The analysis yielded two discriminant functions: one that differentiated children with disabilities from children without disabilities and another that differentiated the two groups of children with disabilities from each other. Nearly 90% of the cases were correctly classified with these two functions. CONCLUSION The Sensory Profile is useful for discriminating certain groups of children with disabilities. Children with disabilities are accurately classified into disability categories with the factors described by previous authors. This suggests that patterns of behavior associated with certain developmental disorders are reflected in populations of children without disabilities. It may be the frequency or intensity of certain behaviors that differentiate the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ermer
- Child Development Unit, University of Kansas Medical Center 66160-7340, USA
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Wiseman G, Witzig T, White C, Grillo-López A, Gordon L, Emmanouilides C, Raubitschek A, Dunn W, Chinn P, Gutheil J, Janakiraman N, Schilder R. Radioimmunotherapy of relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with IDEC-Y2B8. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(98)80112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Rondinelli RD, Dunn W, Hassanein KM, Keesling CA, Meredith SC, Schulz TL, Lawrence NJ. A simulation of hand impairments: effects on upper extremity function and implications toward medical impairment rating and disability determination. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1997; 78:1358-63. [PMID: 9421991 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9993(97)90310-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether simulation of significant impairment of the hand will have a predictable impact on degree of functional loss at the wrist and hand. DESIGN Single subject repeat measures using before-after trial comparisons and healthy volunteer subjects. SETTING Occupational therapy section of a large academic medical center. OTHER PARTICIPANTS Twenty adult volunteer student subjects from an occupational therapy education (OTE) department were included. All were between ages 18 and 43 years, right hand dominant, and in excellent general health. There were 19 women and 1 man, reflecting gender distribution of the OTE student body. INTERVENTION A simulated fusion of the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint of the thumb was achieved by immobilization in an individually fabricated splint designed to maximally restrict motion at the first CMC joint. Impairment ratings (baseline vs splinted) according to the AMA Guides were obtained by Greenleaf testing, and upper extremity function was quantitatively assessed before and after splinting. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measures of upper extremity function included grip and pinch strength, wrist torque, and speed of performance on the Valpar Small Tools test, Jebsen Hand Function test, and an exploratory measure, the Functional Life Activity Test (FLAT). RESULTS Significant impairments were achieved for all subjects after splinting and according to Greenleaf testing. Splinting resulted in significant reductions in grip and pinch strength, wrist torque, and significant slowing of performance on the Valpar, Jebsen, and FLAT tests. Regressions of degree of impairment on degree of functional loss after splinting, and according to each of the above measures, were not significant. CONCLUSIONS Impairment of the hand was simulated to a mild-to-moderate degree as measured according to the AMA Guides. This imposed significant reductions in motion at key joints of the wrist and hand as well as significant reductions in grip and pinch strength and wrist torque. A corresponding and significant slowing of performance on a variety of measures of upper extremity function of an industrial and nonindustrial nature was also seen. However, and for the first time, correlation and regression reveals that it is not possible to predict degree of functional loss attributable to degree of impairment for the hand. It thus appears that, for mild-to-moderate clinical impairments, the associated impairment rating is a poor estimator of functional loss at the hand and should be used cautiously, if at all, as a criterion for disability determination.
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Affiliation(s)
- R D Rondinelli
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Sensory Profile discriminates between children with and without autism and which items on the profile best discriminate between these groups. METHOD Parents of 32 children with autism aged 3 to 13 years and of 64 children without autism aged 3 to 10 years completed the Sensory Profile. A descriptive analysis of the data set of children with autism identified the distribution of responses on each item. A multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) of each category of the Sensory Profile identified possible differences among subjects without autism, with mild or moderate autism, and with severe autism. Follow-up univariate analyses were conducted for any category that yielded a significant result on the MANCOVA: RESULTS Eight-four of 99 items (85%) on the Sensory Profile differentiated the sensory processing skills of subjects with autism from those without autism. There were no group differences between subjects with mild or moderate autism and subjects with severe autism. CONCLUSION The Sensory Profile can provide information about the sensory processing skills of children with autism to assist occupational therapists in assessing and planning intervention for these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Kientz
- Professional Master's of Science Occupational Therapy Program, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to identify relationships in the 125 items of the revised Sensory Profile, a tool designed to assess children's responses to commonly occurring sensory events. METHOD Parents of 1,115 children ages 3 to 10 years and without disabilities completed the Sensory Profile. The parents reported the percentage of time their children engaged in each of the 125 behaviors listed on the profile. RESULTS Factor analysis revealed nine discreet factors that indicate sensory modulation and responsiveness: sensory seeking, emotionally reactive, low endurance/tone, oral sensory sensitivity, inattention/distractibility, poor registration, sensory sensitivity, sedentary, and fine motor/perceptual. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the traditional method of organizing sensory history information by sensory system, we may need to consider a person's thresholds to sensory events as well as his or her responsiveness to sensation. Because the Sensory Profile factors in these children without disabilities are similar to patterns observed in children with various disabilities, it may be that some sensory processing problems are related to intensity or duration of behaviors as they begin to interfere with functional performance in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dunn
- Department of Occupational Therapy Education, School of Allied Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7602, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to obtain data about a national sample of children without disabilities on the 125-item revision of the Sensory Profile, a tool derived from sensory history items reported in the literature and designed to evaluate children's responses to commonly occurring sensory events. METHOD Parents of 1,115 children completed the Sensory Profile. The children were 3 to 10 years of age and did not have disabilities. Parents used a 5-point Likert scale to report the percentage of time their children engaged in each behavior. Researchers then analyzed the data, using multivariate methods to identify trends in performance and age and gender differences. RESULTS Ninety-one (73%) of the profile's 125 items were found to be uncommon behaviors for this national sample of children without disabilities. Although age and gender differences were significant (p < .001), effect sizes were so small (i.e., below .2) that differences were not meaningful for clinical application (i.e., mean differences less than .5 points). Only two items in the visual category approached a 1-point difference when comparing younger and older children. CONCLUSION There were no meaningful gender differences on the revised Sensory Profile, and only 2 items approached a meaningful difference related to age. Nearly three fourths of the items on the profile were uncommon for children without disabilities. If children with various disabilities display these behaviors, the Sensory Profile can be useful in evaluation and program planning for children with disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dunn
- Department of Occupational Therapy Education, School of Allied Health, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7602, USA
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Dunn W, Foto M, Hinojosa J, Schell BA, Thomson LK, Hertfelder SD. Occupational therapy: a profession in support of full inclusion. Am J Occup Ther 1996; 50:855. [PMID: 8947382 DOI: 10.5014/ajot.50.10.855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the intervention success of weekly collaborative consultation between therapists and teachers. METHOD Ten therapist-teacher pairs consulted for 60 min weekly throughout the school year about students identified as having sensory integration dysfunction with learning problems. Each week, the pairs identified a specific functional classroom goal then designed either a remedial or compensatory intervention and set criteria for intervention success. At each successive weekly meeting, the pairs determined whether the goal was met. Intervention success was analyzed across 10 students (for a total of 213 goals). RESULTS There was a positive effect for overall intervention success. Although remedial and compensatory interventions were equally successful across student performance areas, therapist-teacher pairs demonstrated a preference for compensatory and academic goals. CONCLUSION The overall positive effect for intervention success suggests that when occupational therapists and teachers collaborate on behalf of students, they can facilitate student success in a variety of performance areas. Therapist-teacher preference for compensatory and academic goals indicates that therapist-teacher collaboration can be useful for occupational therapists to link interventions to academic goals in school contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Kemmis
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, USA
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Rowe FA, Camilleri M, Forstrom LA, Batts KP, Mullan BP, Thomforde GM, Dunn W, Zinsmeister AR. A pilot study of splenic and whole body retention of autologous radiolabeled leukocytes in the assessment of severity in inflammatory colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 1995; 90:1771-5. [PMID: 7572892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the splenic and whole body retention of radiolabeled autologous leukocytes over 24 or 48 h as measures of the severity of colitis. METHODS Eleven patients with colitis underwent standardized clinical, endoscopic, histological, and 111In-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy. A logistic discriminant analysis was used to estimate weighting factors for morphological indices, serum albumen, and stool excretion of 111In over 24 h that predicted the clinical assessment of severity. Subsequently, Spearman rank correlation analysis estimated associations among reductions in spleen and whole body radioactivity and the derived indices of inflammation. RESULTS The reduction in spleen counts over 24 h correlates significantly with morphological indices (rs = 0.83, p < 0.005) and with serum albumen and stool 111In (functional index, rs = 0.77, p < 0.01). Similarly, the reduction in whole body 111In over 48 h correlates significantly with the combined index (rs = 0.8) and with the morphological and functional index separately (rs = 0.72 and 0.79, respectively). CONCLUSION This pilot study identified weighting factors for morphological and functional indices in assessing severity of colitis; reduction in whole body and splenic retention of radioactivity was sufficient for evaluation of severity of colitis without the need for stool collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Rowe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to obtain data about typical children on the 99-item Sensory Profile, a newly developed tool derived from sensory history items reported in the literature and designed to assess children's responses to commonly occurring sensory events. METHOD Parents of 64 typical children 3 to 10 years of age completed the Sensory Profile; parents used a five-point Likert scale to report the percentage of time their children engaged in each behavior. Researchers then analyzed these percentages to determine differences by age and gender. RESULTS Sixty-seven of the items on the Sensory Profile were found to be uncommon for these typical children. On further analysis with a multivariate analysis of variance and appropriate follow-up procedures, one item was more common for younger children, and four items were more common for girls. CONCLUSION Two thirds of the items on the Sensory Profile were uncommon for typical children and thus may contribute useful information about children with disabilities who respond to these sensory events.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dunn
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7602
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50
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Abstract
In theory and in practice, context (as an area of concern to occupational therapists) has not received the same attention as performance components and performance areas. The Ecology of Human Performance serves as a framework for considering the effect of context. Context is described as a lens from which persons view their world. The interrelationship of person and context determines which tasks fall within the person's performance range. The Ecology of Human Performance framework provides guidelines for encompassing context in occupational therapy theory, practice, and research.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Dunn
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City 66160-7602
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