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Yao J, Hsu WL, Liang Y, Lin R, Chen MK, Tsai DP. Nonlocal metasurface for dark-field edge emission. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadn2752. [PMID: 38630828 PMCID: PMC11023491 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adn2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Nonlocal effects originating from interactions between neighboring meta-atoms introduce additional degrees of freedom for peculiar characteristics of metadevices, such as enhancement, selectivity, and spatial modulation. However, they are generally difficult to manipulate because of the collective responses of multiple meta-atoms. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the nonlocal metasurface to realize the spatial modulation of dark-field emission. Plasmonic asymmetric split rings (ASRs) are designed to simultaneously excite local dipole resonance and nonlocal quasi-bound states in the continuum and spatially extended modes. With one type of unit, nonlocal effects are tailored by varying array periods. ASRs at the metasurface's edge lack sufficient interactions, resulting in stronger dark-field scattering and thus edge emission properties of the metasurface. Pixel-level spatial control is demonstrated by simply erasing some units, providing more flexibility than conventional local metasurfaces. This work paves the way for manipulating nonlocal effects and facilitates applications in optical trapping and sorting at the nanoscale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Yao
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan 320371, Taiwan
| | - Yao Liang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mu Ku Chen
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Centre for Biosystems, Neuroscience, and Nanotechnology, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Laboratory of Terahertz and Millimeter Waves, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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2
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Ai X, Zhang Y, Hsu WL, Veilleux S, Dagenais M. Broadband 2 × 2 multimode-interference coupler on the silicon-nitride platform. Opt Express 2024; 32:9405-9419. [PMID: 38571176 DOI: 10.1364/oe.513796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we present the design, optimization, and implementation of a sub-wavelength grating (SWG) multi-mode interference coupler (MMI) on the silicon nitride photonic integrated circuit (PIC) platform with a significantly enhanced bandwidth compared to the conventional MMI. We extend the SWG MMI theory, previously presented for the silicon-on-insulator platform, to the Si3N4/SiO2 platform. Our approach involves an initial parameter optimization for a non-paired design, followed by a shift to a paired design that offers a smaller footprint and a broader bandwidth. The optimized SWG MMI exhibits a 1 dB bandwidth of 300 nm for both the insertion loss and power imbalance, making it a significant addition to silicon nitride photonics.
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Chiang CJ, Hsu WL, Su MT, Ko WC, Hsu KF, Tsai PY. Impact of Antenatal SARS-CoV-2 Exposure on SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Potency. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:164. [PMID: 38400147 PMCID: PMC10892697 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12020164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
A pregnancy booster dose significantly reduces the risk and severity of COVID-19, and it is widely recommended. A prospective cohort study was conducted to compare the transplacental passage of maternal antibodies from vaccination or infection during three trimesters against both the vaccine-targeted Wuhan strain and the Omicron strain of SARS-CoV-2. Maternal-infant dyads from vaccinated mothers were collected between 6 June 2022 and 20 September 2022. We analyzed 38 maternal-infant dyads from mothers who had been infected with COVID-19 and 37 from mothers without any previous infection. Pregnant women who received their last COVID-19 vaccine dose in the third trimester exhibited the highest anti-spike protein antibody levels and neutralizing potency against both the Wuhan strain and Omicron BA.2 variant in their maternal and cord plasma. Both second- and third-trimester vaccination could lead to a higher level of neutralization against the Wuhan and Omicron strains. COVID-19 infection had a negative effect on the transplacental transfer ratio of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. A booster dose during the second or third trimester is encouraged for the maximum transplacental transfer of humoral protection against COVID-19 for infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Jung Chiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Tsz Su
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chien Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan
- Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Fu Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yin Tsai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 704302, Taiwan
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Hsu WL, Huang CF, Tan CC, Liu NYC, Chu CH, Huang PS, Wu PC, Yiin SJ, Tanaka T, Weng CJ, Wang CM. High-Resolution Metalens Imaging with Sequential Artificial Intelligence Models. Nano Lett 2023; 23:11614-11620. [PMID: 37937950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
An analysis of the optical response of a GaN-based metalens was conducted alongside the utilization of two sequential artificial intelligence (AI) models in addressing the occasional issues of blurriness and color cast in captured images. The optical loss of the metalens in the blue spectral range was found to have resulted in the color cast of images. Autoencoder and CodeFormer sequential models were employed in order to correct the color cast and reconstruct image details, respectively. Said sequential models successfully addressed the color cast and reconstructed details for all of the allocated face image categories. Subsequently, the CIE 1931 chromaticity diagrams and peak signal-to-noise ratio analysis provided numerical evidence of the AI models' effectiveness in image reconstruction. Furthermore, the AI models can still repair the image without blue information. Overall, the integration of metalens and artificial intelligence models marks a breakthrough in enhancing the performance of full-color metalens-based imaging systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320371, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Fu Huang
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320371, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chun Tan
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320371, Taiwan
| | - Noreena Yi-Chin Liu
- Design & Creative Industries Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Gadong, BE1410, Brunei
| | - Cheng Hung Chu
- YongLin Institute of Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106038 Taiwan
| | - Po-Sheng Huang
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
| | - Pin Chieh Wu
- Department of Photonics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101 Taiwan
- Center for Quantum Frontiers of Research & Technology (QFort), National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 70101, Taiwan
- Meta-nanoPhotonics Center, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan
| | | | - Takuo Tanaka
- Innovative Photon Manipulation Research Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Photonics, Saitama, 3510198, Japan
| | - Chun-Jen Weng
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu, 30076, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ming Wang
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320371, Taiwan
- Optical Science Center, National Central University, Taoyuan, 320371, Taiwan
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Hsu WL, Hsieh YT, Chen WM, Chien MH, Luo WJ, Chang JH, Devlin K, Su KY. High-fat diet induces C-reactive protein secretion, promoting lung adenocarcinoma via immune microenvironment modulation. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050360. [PMID: 37929799 PMCID: PMC10651111 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To understand the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) on lung cancer progression and biomarkers, we here used an inducible mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-driven lung cancer transgenic mouse model fed a regular diet (RD) or HFD. The HFD lung cancer (LC-HFD) group exhibited significant tumor formation and deterioration, such as higher EGFR activity and proliferation marker expression, compared with the RD lung cancer (LC-RD) group. Transcriptomic analysis of the lung tissues revealed that the significantly changed genes in the LC-HFD group were highly enriched in immune-related signaling pathways, suggesting that an HFD alters the immune microenvironment to promote tumor growth. Cytokine and adipokine arrays combined with a comprehensive analysis using meta-database software indicated upregulation of C-reactive protein (CRP) in the LC-HFD group, which presented with increased lung cancer proliferation and metastasis; this was confirmed experimentally. Our results imply that an HFD can turn the tumor growth environment into an immune-related pro-tumorigenic microenvironment and demonstrate that CRP has a role in promoting lung cancer development in this microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ting Hsieh
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ming Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Min-Hui Chien
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jia Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Kevin Devlin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yi Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 10055, Taiwan
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Hsu WL, Chang CM. Rail Corrugation Index Development by Sound-Field Excitation on the Carriage Floor of In-Service Train. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:7539. [PMID: 37687994 PMCID: PMC10490596 DOI: 10.3390/s23177539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The steel rail and wheel in the railway system offer a high precision and smooth-running surface. Nevertheless, the point of contact between the rail and wheel presents a critical area that can give rise to rail corrugation. This phenomenon can potentially elevate sound and vibration levels in the vicinity considerably, necessitating advanced monitoring and assessment measures. Recently, many efforts have been directed towards utilizing in-service trains for evaluating rail corrugation, and the evaluation has primarily relied on axle-box acceleration (ABA). However, the ABA measurements require a higher threshold for vibration detection. This study introduces a novel approach to rail corrugation detection by carriage floor acceleration (CFA), aimed at lowering the detection threshold. The method capitalizes on the acceleration data sensed on the carriage floor, which is induced by the sound pressure (e.g., sound-field excitation) generated at the wheel-rail contact point. An exploration of the correlation between these datasets is undertaken by simultaneously measuring both ABA and CFA. Moreover, a pivotal aspect of this research is the development of the eigenfrequency rail corrugation index (E-RCI), a mechanism that culminates energy around specific eigenfrequencies by CFA. Through this index, a focused analysis of rail corrugation patterns is facilitated. The study further delves into the stability, repeatability, and sensitivity of the E-RCI via varied measurement scenarios. Ultimately, the CFA-based rail corrugation identification is verified, establishing its practical applicability and offering a distinct approach to detecting and characterizing rail corrugation phenomena. This study has introduced an innovative methodology for rail corrugation detection using CFA, with the principal objective of lowering the detection threshold. This approach offers an efficient measurement technique for identifying rail corrugation areas, thereby potentially reducing maintenance costs and enhancing efficiency within the railway industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Systems Engineering and Naval Architecture, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202301, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Chang
- Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
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Chang JH, Chou CH, Wu JC, Liao KM, Luo WJ, Hsu WL, Chen XR, Yu SL, Pan SH, Yang PC, Su KY. LCRMP-1 is required for spermatogenesis and stabilises spermatid F-actin organization via the PI3K-Akt pathway. Commun Biol 2023; 6:389. [PMID: 37037996 PMCID: PMC10086033 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04778-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-form collapsin response mediator protein-1 (LCRMP-1) belongs to the CRMP family which comprises brain-enriched proteins responsible for axon guidance. However, its role in spermatogenesis remains unclear. Here we find that LCRMP-1 is abundantly expressed in the testis. To characterize its physiological function, we generate LCRMP-1-deficient mice (Lcrmp-1-/-). These mice exhibit aberrant spermiation with apoptotic spermatids, oligospermia, and accumulation of immature testicular cells, contributing to reduced fertility. In the seminiferous epithelial cycle, LCRMP-1 expression pattern varies in a stage-dependent manner. LCRMP-1 is highly expressed in spermatids during spermatogenesis and especially localized to the spermiation machinery during spermiation. Mechanistically, LCRMP-1 deficiency causes disorganized F-actin due to unbalanced signaling of F-actin dynamics through upregulated PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling. In conclusion, LCRMP-1 maintains spermatogenesis homeostasis by modulating cytoskeleton remodeling for spermatozoa release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Hsuan Chang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Chou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ching Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Mao Liao
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jia Luo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xuan-Ren Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Liang Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hua Pan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genomics and Proteomics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Doctoral Degree Program of Translational Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Chyr Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kang-Yi Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Zhan J, Zhang Y, Hsu WL, Veilleux S, Dagenais M. Design and implementation of a Si 3N 4 three-stigmatic-point arrayed waveguide grating with a resolving power over 17,000. Opt Express 2023; 31:6389-6400. [PMID: 36823896 DOI: 10.1364/oe.480823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
To provide a solution to the issue of the non-flat focal surface in traditional Rowland AWGs, we have designed and implemented a Si3N4 three-stigmatic-point arrayed waveguide grating (TSP AWG) with three inputs, and a spectral resolving power over 17,000 has been achieved experimentally. The flat focal surface of this AWG can accommodate a butt-coupled detector array positioned at the output facet without any reduction of the resolving power of the edge channels. Therefore, it is particularly advantageous to some astronomical applications which require an AWG as a light-dispersing component to obtain a complete 2D spectrum. As a proof-of-concept for next generation devices, the multi-input aspect of the design accommodates multiple single-mode fibers coming into the AWG. In addition, because the device is implemented on a high-index-contrast platform (Si3N4/SiO2), a compact size of ∼9.3 × 9.3 mm2 is achieved.
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Shamim JA, Takahashi Y, Goswami A, Shaukat N, Hsu WL, Choi J, Daiguji H. Suppression of wetting transition on evaporative fakir droplets by using slippery superhydrophobic surfaces with low depinning force. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2368. [PMID: 36759577 PMCID: PMC9911698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
This study experimentally investigated the evaporation and wetting transition behavior of fakir droplets on five different microstructured surfaces. Diamond-like carbon was introduced as the substrate, and the influence of varying the width, height, and pitch of the micropillars was assessed. The experimental results showed that the interfacial properties of the surfaces change the evaporation behavior and the starting point of the wetting transition. An important result of this study is the demonstration of a slippery superhydrophobic surface with low depinning force that suppresses the transition from the Cassie-Baxter state to the Wenzel state for microdroplets less than 0.37 mm in diameter, without employing large pillar height or multiscale roughness. By selecting an appropriate pillar pitch and employing tapered micropillars with small pillar widths, the solid-liquid contact at the three-phase contact line was reduced and low depinning forces were obtained. The underlying mechanism by which slippery superhydrophobic surfaces suppress wetting transitions is also discussed. The accuracy of the theoretical models for predicting the critical transition parameters was assessed, and a numerical model was developed in the surface evolver to compute the penetration of the droplet bottom meniscus within the micropillars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubair A. Shamim
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Yukinari Takahashi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Anjan Goswami
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Mechanical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Nadeem Shaukat
- grid.420112.40000 0004 0607 7017Center for Mathematical Sciences, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, 45650 Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Junho Choi
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan
| | - Hirofumi Daiguji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan.
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Hsu WL, Ma YL, Chen YC, Liu YC, Cheng KM, Lee EHY. Identification of Ndfip1 as a novel negative regulator for spatial memory formation associated with increased ubiquitination of Beclin 1 and PTEN. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283908. [PMID: 37023120 PMCID: PMC10079018 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long-term memory formation requires de novo RNA and protein synthesis. By using the differential display-polymerase chain reaction strategy, we have presently identified the Nedd4 family interacting protein 1 (Ndfip1) cDNA fragment that is differentially expressed between the slow learners and the fast learners from the water maze learning task in rats. Further, the fast learners show decreased Ndfip1 mRNA and protein expression levels than the slow learners. Spatial training similarly decreases the Ndfip1 mRNA and protein expression levels. Conversely, the Ndfip1 conditional heterozygous (cHet) mice show enhanced spatial memory performance compared to the Ndfip1flox/WT control mice. Result from co-immunoprecipitation experiment indicates that spatial training decreases the association between Ndfip1 and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Nedd4 (Nedd4-1), and we have shown that both Beclin 1 and PTEN are endogenous ubiquitination targets of Nedd4 in the hippocampus. Further, spatial training decreases endogenous Beclin 1 and PTEN ubiquitination, and increases Beclin 1 and PTEN expression in the hippocampus. On the other hand, the Becn1 conditional knockout (cKO) mice and the Pten cKO mice both show impaired spatial learning and memory performance. Moreover, the expression level of Beclin 1 and PTEN is higher in the Ndfip1 cHet mice compared with the Ndfip1flox/WT control mice. Here, we have identified Ndfip1 as a candidate novel negative regulation for spatial memory formation and this is associated with increased ubiquitination of Beclin 1 and PTEN in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Li Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Chu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eminy H Y Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Okagaki J, Hsu WL, Chisaka M, Yoo E, Matsuda H, Daiguji H. Simple method of determining the ion transport parameters of binary liquid electrolytes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.117105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Wahyuni EA, Yii CY, Liang HL, Luo YH, Yang SH, Wu PY, Hsu WL, Nien CY, Chen SC. Selenocystine induces oxidative-mediated DNA damage via impairing homologous recombination repair of DNA double-strand breaks in human hepatoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 365:110046. [PMID: 35863474 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Selenocystine (SeC) has been identified as a novel compound with broad-spectrum anticancer activity. However, the effects of SeC on modifying DNA repair mechanism were less addressed. In this study, we demonstrated that SeC selectively induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity against HepG2 hepatoma cell line. Comet assay revealed SeC-induced DNA damage in HepG2 cells, particularly in the form of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), corroborated by the increase expression of the DSB marker, gamma-H2AX. We further demonstrated that SeC suppressed DNA homologous recombination repair, exacerbating DNA damage accumulation. Such effects on DNA damage and cell viability inhibition were alleviated by antioxidants, glutathione and Trolox, suggesting the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS). High levels of intracellular and mitochondrial ROS were detected in SeC-treated HepG2. In addition, SeC impaired the expression of antioxidant enzymes (superoxidase mutases and catalase), prompting the imbalance between antioxidant protection and excessive ROS formation and eliciting DSBs and cellular death. Decreased procaspase-3, 7, and 9 and Bcl-2 proteins and an increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, were observed after SeC treatment, but could be reversed by Torlox, confirming the action of SeC on ROS-induced apoptosis. In vivo, the xenograft tumor model of HepG2 cells validated the inhibition of SeC on tumor growth, and the induction of DSBs and apoptosis. In summary, SeC has the capability to induce ROS-dependent DNA damage and impeded DBS repair in HepG2 cells. Thus, SeC holds great promise as a therapeutic or adjuvant agent targeting DNA repair for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ari Wahyuni
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Natural Science Education, University of Trunojoyo Madura, East Java, Indonesia
| | - Chin-Yuan Yii
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Landseed International Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsiao-Lan Liang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Hsia Luo
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Hua Yang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Nien
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Ssu-Ching Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Hsu WL, Chen YC, Yeh SP, Zeng QC, Huang YW, Wang CM. Review of Metasurfaces and Metadevices: Advantages of Different Materials and Fabrications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:nano12121973. [PMID: 35745310 PMCID: PMC9231017 DOI: 10.3390/nano12121973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Flat optics, metasurfaces, metalenses, and related materials promise novel on-demand light modulation within ultrathin layers at wavelength scale, enabling a plethora of next-generation optical devices, also known as metadevices. Metadevices designed with different materials have been proposed and demonstrated for different applications, and the mass production of metadevices is necessary for metadevices to enter the consumer electronics market. However, metadevice manufacturing processes are mainly based on electron beam lithography, which exhibits low productivity and high costs for mass production. Therefore, processes compatible with standard complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor manufacturing techniques that feature high productivity, such as i-line stepper and nanoimprint lithography, have received considerable attention. This paper provides a review of current metasurfaces and metadevices with a focus on materials and manufacturing processes. We also provide an analysis of the relationship between the aspect ratio and efficiency of different materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; (W.-L.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (S.P.Y.); (Q.-C.Z.)
| | - Yen-Chun Chen
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; (W.-L.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (S.P.Y.); (Q.-C.Z.)
| | - Shang Ping Yeh
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; (W.-L.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (S.P.Y.); (Q.-C.Z.)
| | - Qiu-Chun Zeng
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; (W.-L.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (S.P.Y.); (Q.-C.Z.)
| | - Yao-Wei Huang
- Department of Photonics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu 30010, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-W.H.); (C.-M.W.)
| | - Chih-Ming Wang
- Department of Optics and Photonics, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan; (W.-L.H.); (Y.-C.C.); (S.P.Y.); (Q.-C.Z.)
- Correspondence: (Y.-W.H.); (C.-M.W.)
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14
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Shamim JA, Hsu WL, Daiguji H. Review of component designs for post-COVID-19 HVAC systems: Possibilities and challenges. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09001. [PMID: 35224237 PMCID: PMC8863315 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The globally occurring recurrent waves of the COVID-19 pandemic, primarily caused by the transmission of aerosolized droplets from an infected person to a healthy person in the indoor environment, has led to the urgency of designing new modes of indoor ventilation. To prevent cross-contaminations due to airborne viruses, bacteria, and other pollutants in indoor environments, heating ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems need to be redesigned with anti-pandemic components. The three vital anti-pandemic components for the post-COVID-19 HVAC systems, as identified by the authors, are: a biological contaminant inactivation unit, a volatile organic compound decomposition unit, and an advanced air filtration unit. The purpose of the current article is to provide an overview of the latest research outcomes toward designing these anti-pandemic components and pointing out the future promises and challenges. In addition, the role of personalized ventilation in minimizing the risk of indoor cross-contamination by employing various air terminal devices is discussed. The authors believe that this article will encourage HVAC designers to develop effective anti-pandemic components to minimize the indoor airborne transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jubair A Shamim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Daiguji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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15
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Shimotori S, Kaneko T, Yoshimoto Y, Kinefuchi I, Alizadeh A, Hsu WL, Daiguji H. Evaluation of gas permeability in porous separators for polymer electrolyte fuel cells: Computational fluid dynamics simulation based on micro-x-ray computed tomography images. Phys Rev E 2021; 104:045105. [PMID: 34781536 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.104.045105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Pore structures and gas transport properties in porous separators for polymer electrolyte fuel cells are evaluated both experimentally and through simulations. In the experiments, the gas permeabilities of two porous samples, a conventional sample and one with low electrical resistivity, are measured by a capillary flow porometer, and the pore size distributions are evaluated with mercury porosimetry. Local pore structures are directly observed with micro-x-ray computed tomography (CT). In the simulations, the effective diffusion coefficients of oxygen and the air permeability in porous samples are calculated using random walk Monte Carlo simulations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, respectively, based on the x-ray CT images. The calculated porosities and air permeabilities of the porous samples are in good agreement with the experimental values. The simulation results also show that the in-plane permeability is twice the through-plane permeability in the conventional sample, whereas it is slightly higher in the low-resistivity sample. The results of this study show that CFD simulation based on micro-x-ray CT images makes it possible to evaluate anisotropic gas permeabilities in anisotropic porous media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Shimotori
- Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation, 4-1 Ukishima-cho, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0862, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Kaneko
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yuta Yoshimoto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ikuya Kinefuchi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Amer Alizadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Daiguji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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16
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Hsu C, Lin CY, Alizadeh A, Daiguji H, Hsu WL. Investigation of entrance effects on particle electrophoretic behavior near a nanopore for resistive pulse sensing. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:2206-2214. [PMID: 34472124 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202100162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Resistive pulse sensing using solid-state nanopores provides a unique platform for detecting the structure and concentration of molecules of different types of analytes in an electrolyte solution. The capture of an entity into a nanopore is subject not only to the electrostatic force but also the effect of electroosmotic flow originating from the charged nanopore surface. In this study, we theoretically analyze spherical particle electrophoretic behavior near the entrance of a charged nanopore. By investigating the effects of pore size, particle-pore distance, and salt concentration on particle velocity, we summarize dominant mechanisms governing particle behavior for a range of conditions. In the literature, the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation is often adopted to evaluate particle translocation by considering the zeta potential difference between the particle and nanopore surfaces. We point out that, due to the difference of the electric field inside and outside the nanopore and the influence from the existence of the particle itself, the zeta potential of the particle, however, needs to be at least 30% higher than that of the nanopore to allow the particle to enter into the nanopore when its velocity is close to zero. Accordingly, we summarize the effective salt concentrations that enable successful particle capture and detection for different pore sizes, offering direct guidance for nanopore applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chih-Yuan Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Amer Alizadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Hirofumi Daiguji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations of water adsorbed in Material Institute Lavoisier MIL-101(Cr) metal-organic frameworks are performed to analyze the kinetic properties of water molecules confined in the framework at 298.15 K and under different vapor pressures and clarify the water adsorption mechanism in MIL-101(Cr). The terahertz frequency-domain spectra (THz-FDS) of water are calculated by applying fast Fourier transform to the configurational data of water molecules. According to the characteristic frequencies in the THz-FDS, the dominant motions of water molecules in MIL-101(Cr) can be categorized into three types: (1) low-frequency translational motion (0-0.5 THz), (2) medium-frequency vibrational motion (2-2.5 THz), and (3) high-frequency vibrational motion (>6 THz). Each type of water motion is confirmed by visualizing the water configuration in MIL-101(Cr). The ratio of the number of water molecules with low-frequency translational motion to the total number of water molecules increases with the increase in vapor pressure. In contrast, that with medium-frequency vibrational motion is found to decrease with vapor pressure, exhibiting a pronounced decrease after water condensation has started in the cavities. That with the high-frequency vibrational motion is almost independent of the vapor pressure. The interactions between different types of water molecules affect the THz-FDS. Furthermore, the self-diffusion coefficient and the velocity auto-correlation function are calculated to clarify the adsorption state of the water confined in MIL-101(Cr). To confirm that the general trend of the THz-FDS does not depend on the water model, the simulations are performed using three water models, namely, rigid SPC/E, flexible SPC/E, and rigid TIP5PEw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubo Fei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Jean-Jacques Delaunay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Daiguji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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18
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Yu RJ, Xu SW, Paul S, Ying YL, Cui LF, Daiguji H, Hsu WL, Long YT. Nanoconfined Electrochemical Sensing of Single Silver Nanoparticles with a Wireless Nanopore Electrode. ACS Sens 2021; 6:335-339. [PMID: 33373192 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.0c02327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Single entity electrochemistry (SEE) has emerged as a promising method for precise measurement and fundamental understanding of the heterogeneity of single entities. Herein, we propose the dual responsive SEE sensing of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) collisions through a wireless nanopore electrode (WNE). Given the high temporal resolution and low background noise features, the Faradaic and capacitive currents provide the AgNPs' collision response. The electron transfer between the AgNPs and the electrode surface is identified under a bipolar electrochemical mechanism. Compared to the ultramicroelectrode, multistep oxidation of 30 nm AgNPs is observed due to the decreased interaction of the nanoparticles to the electrode. Moreover, the nanoconfinement of WNE plays a vital role in the repeated capturing of nanoparticles from the nontunneling region into the tunneling region until a complete oxidation. As a comparison, the collision of 5 nm AgNPs with higher interaction at the electrode surface shows great decrease in the multistep events. Thus, we propose a nanoconfined interaction based SEE method which could be used for simultaneously capturing the Faradaic and capacitive response. The nanoconfined interaction based SEE method holds great promise in the better understanding of heterogeneity of single particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Jia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Su-Wen Xu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Soumyadeep Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yi-Lun Ying
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling-Fei Cui
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hirofumi Daiguji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yi-Tao Long
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, People’s Republic of China
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19
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Alizadeh A, Hsu WL, Wang M, Daiguji H. Electroosmotic flow: From microfluidics to nanofluidics. Electrophoresis 2021; 42:834-868. [PMID: 33382088 PMCID: PMC8247933 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Electroosmotic flow (EOF), a consequence of an imposed electric field onto an electrolyte solution in the tangential direction of a charged surface, has emerged as an important phenomenon in electrokinetic transport at the micro/nanoscale. Because of their ability to efficiently pump liquids in miniaturized systems without incorporating any mechanical parts, electroosmotic methods for fluid pumping have been adopted in versatile applications—from biotechnology to environmental science. To understand the electrokinetic pumping mechanism, it is crucial to identify the role of an ionically polarized layer, the so‐called electrical double layer (EDL), which forms in the vicinity of a charged solid–liquid interface, as well as the characteristic length scale of the conducting media. Therefore, in this tutorial review, we summarize the development of electrical double layer models from a historical point of view to elucidate the interplay and configuration of water molecules and ions in the vicinity of a solid–liquid interface. Moreover, we discuss the physicochemical phenomena owing to the interaction of electrical double layer when the characteristic length of the conducting media is decreased from the microscale to the nanoscale. Finally, we highlight the pioneering studies and the most recent works on electro osmotic flow devoted to both theoretical and experimental aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amer Alizadeh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Moran Wang
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hirofumi Daiguji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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20
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Wang Z, Hsu WL, Tsuchiya S, Paul S, Alizadeh A, Daiguji H. Joule Heating Effects on Transport-Induced-Charge Phenomena in an Ultrathin Nanopore. Micromachines (Basel) 2020; 11:E1041. [PMID: 33256113 PMCID: PMC7761093 DOI: 10.3390/mi11121041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Transport-induced-charge (TIC) phenomena, in which the concentration imbalance between cations and anions occurs when more than two chemical potential gradients coexist within an ultrathin dimension, entail numerous nanofluidic systems. Evidence has indicated that the presence of TIC produces a nonlinear response of electroosmotic flow to the applied voltage, resulting in complex fluid behavior. In this study, we theoretically investigate thermal effects due to Joule heating on TIC phenomena in an ultrathin nanopore by computational fluid dynamics simulation. Our modeling results show that the rise of local temperature inside the nanopore significantly enhances TIC effects and thus has a significant influence on electroosmotic behavior. A local maximum of the solution conductivity occurs near the entrance of the nanopore at the high salt concentration end, resulting in a reversal of TIC across the nanopore. The Joule heating effects increase the reversal of TIC with the synergy of the negatively charged nanopore, and they also enhance the electroosmotic flow regardless of whether the nanopore is charged. These theoretical observations will improve our knowledge of nonclassical electrokinetic phenomena for flow control in nanopore systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (Z.W.); (S.T.); (S.P.); (A.A.)
| | | | | | | | - Hirofumi Daiguji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; (Z.W.); (S.T.); (S.P.); (A.A.)
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21
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Liu YC, Hsu WL, Ma YL, Lee EHY. Melatonin Induction of APP Intracellular Domain 50 SUMOylation Alleviates AD through Enhanced Transcriptional Activation and Aβ Degradation. Mol Ther 2020; 29:376-395. [PMID: 32950104 PMCID: PMC7791018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The amyloid precursor protein (APP) intracellular domain (AICD) is implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but post-translational modification of AICD has rarely been studied and its role in AD is unknown. In this study, we examined the role and molecular mechanism of AICD SUMOylation in the pathogenesis of AD. We found that AICD is SUMO-modified by the SUMO E3 ligase protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIAS1) in the hippocampus at Lys-43 predominantly, and that knockdown of PIAS1 decreases endogenous AICD SUMOylation. AICD SUMOylation increases AICD association with its binding protein Fe65 and increases AICD nuclear translocation. Furthermore, AICD SUMOylation increases AICD association with cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB) and p65 and their DNA binding for transcriptional activation of neprilysin (NEP) and transthyretin (TTR), two major Aβ-degrading enzymes, respectively. Consequently, AICD SUMOylation decreases the Aβ level, Aβ oligomerization, and amyloid plaque deposits. It also rescues spatial memory deficits in APP/PS1 mice. Conversely, blockade of AICD SUMOylation at Lys-43 produces the opposite effects. Melatonin is identified as an endogenous stimulus that induces AICD SUMOylation. It also decreases the Aβ level and rescues reduction of PIAS1, NEP, and TTR expression in APP/PS1 mice. In this study, we demonstrate that AICD SUMOylation functions as a novel endogenous defense mechanism to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Li Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Eminy H Y Lee
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan.
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22
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Agrawal A, Agrawal M, Suh D, Fei S, Alizadeh A, Ma Y, Matsuda R, Hsu WL, Daiguji H. Augmenting the Carbon Dioxide Uptake and Selectivity of Metal-Organic Frameworks by Metal Substitution: Molecular Simulations of LMOF-202. ACS Omega 2020; 5:17193-17198. [PMID: 32715204 PMCID: PMC7376890 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c01267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising porous materials for the adsorption of CO2. Here, we report the study of a luminescent MOF (LMOF), called LMOF-202. We have employed Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulations to understand and explain the adsorption phenomena inside LMOF-202, and based on the phenomena happening at the molecular level, we have varied the metal ions in LMOF-202 to increase the CO2 affinity and selectivity of the material. We show that the CO2 adsorption capacity and selectivity can be increased by approximately 1.5 times at 1 bar and 298 K by changing the metal ion from Zn to Ba. We also report the feasibility of using this material to capture CO2 from flue gas under realistic conditions (1 bar and 298 K). This work shows that LMOF-202 merits further consideration as a carbon capture adsorbent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankit Agrawal
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mayank Agrawal
- School
of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0100, United States
| | - Donguk Suh
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shubo Fei
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Amer Alizadeh
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yunsheng Ma
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
- School
of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of
Advanced Functional Materials, Changshu
Institute of Technology, Changshu, Jiangsu 215500, PR China
| | - Ryotaro Matsuda
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Daiguji
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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23
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Chen YC, Chang CC, Hsu WL, Chuang ST. Dairy cattle with bovine leukaemia virus RNA show significantly increased leukocyte counts. Vet J 2020; 257:105449. [PMID: 32546356 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2020.105449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Infection with bovine leukaemia virus (BLV), a retrovirus, causes dysfunction of the immune system and can have a marked economic impact on dairy industries due to decreased milk production and reduced lifespan in affected dairy cattle. The presence of proviral DNA has been the major diagnostic indicator of BLV infection. However in the course of BLV infection, the viral genome can be dormant, without detectable gene expression, resulting in limited impact on infected animals. At present, there is limited knowledge regarding haematological indices in dairy cattle that could indicate activation of the BLV genome and suggest reactivated BLV infection. In this study, BLV infection and BLV genome reactivation were evaluated based on the presence of BLV DNA and BLV env gene transcripts, respectively. BLV RNA transcription was confirmed. Among 93 whole blood samples obtained from asymptomatic dairy cattle, the prevalence of BLV proviral DNA and transcripts was 93.5% (n = 87/93) and 83.9% (n = 78/93), respectively. Between groups with and without BLV, the mean counts of white blood cells and lymphocytes in whole blood were significantly associated with the presence of BLV RNA (P < 0.05), but not with BLV proviral DNA. These results shed light on the activation status of the BLV genome and should be taken into account when evaluating the possible impact of BLV on cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Chen
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - C C Chang
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - W L Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 402, Taiwan.
| | - S T Chuang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 402, Taiwan.
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24
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Hsu WL, Ma YL, Liu YC, Tai DJC, Lee EHY. Restoring Wnt6 signaling ameliorates behavioral deficits in MeCP2 T158A mouse model of Rett syndrome. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1074. [PMID: 31974426 PMCID: PMC6978308 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57745-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 gene, MECP2, is an X chromosome-linked gene encoding the MeCP2 protein, and mutations of MECP2 cause Rett syndrome (RTT). Previous study has shown that re-expression of SUMO-modified MeCP2 in Mecp2-null neurons rescues synaptic and behavioral deficits in Mecp2 conditional knockout mice, whereas about 12-fold decrease in Wnt6 mRNA level was found in MeCP2K412R sumo-mutant mice. Here, we examined the role of Wnt6 in MeCP2 T158A mouse model of RTT. Results show that lentiviral delivery of Wnt6 to the amygdala ameliorates locomotor impairment and social behavioral deficits in these animals. MeCP2 T158A mice show decreased level of GSK-3β phosphorylation and increased level of β-catenin phosphorylation. They also show reduced level of MeCP2 SUMOylation. These alterations were also restored by lenti-Wnt6 transduction. Further, both BDNF and IGF-1 expressions are decreased in MeCP2 T158A mice. Overexpression of Wnt6 increases Bdnf and Igf-1 promoter activity in HEK293T cells in a dose-dependent manner. Lenti-Wnt6 transduction to the amygdala similarly increases the mRNA level and protein expression of BDNF and IGF-1 in MeCP2 T158A mice. Moreover, environmental enrichment (EE) similarly ameliorates the locomotor and social behavioral deficits in MeCP2 T158A mice. One of the mechanisms underlying EE is mediated through enhanced MeCP2 SUMOylation and increased Wnt6 expression in these animals by EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Li Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chen Liu
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Derek J C Tai
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eminy H Y Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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25
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Hwang J, Yanagita K, Sakamoto K, Hsu WL, Kataoka S, Endo A, Daiguji H. Water Filling and Emptying Kinetics in Two-Dimensional Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica of the Same Pore Diameter but Different Pore Lengths. Langmuir 2019; 35:10762-10771. [PMID: 31345034 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The effect of pore length on the water filling and emptying rates was studied using mesoporous silica (MPS) with same pore diameter but different pore lengths. The pore diameter of the synthesized MPS was ∼8 nm, whereas the average pore lengths were 460, 1,770, and 4000 nm. The gravimetric method was employed to record the time course of the adsorbed mass of water in MPS at 298 K and 1 atm. In both the filling and emptying processes, the relaxation curves (time course of adsorbed mass of water per unit mass of sample) were not significantly related to the pore length. This independence of the initial adsorption and desorption rates on the pore length suggests that the surface of the MPS aggregates is the bottleneck in the overall adsorption and desorption processes and that the initial mass flux in each nanopore is inversely proportional to the pore length. Furthermore, because the relaxation times to reach the equilibrium state were independent of the pore length, the mass flux of water uptake, release, and transport probably increase with an increase in the pore length during the entire adsorption and desorption processes. A transport model to describe these phenomena was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Kosuke Yanagita
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Kazuki Sakamoto
- Division of Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha , Kashiwa 277-8563 , Japan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Sho Kataoka
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , AIST Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba 305-8565 , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Akira Endo
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , AIST Tsukuba Central 5-2, 1-1-1 Higashi , Tsukuba 305-8565 , Ibaraki , Japan
| | - Hirofumi Daiguji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
- Division of Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha , Kashiwa 277-8563 , Japan
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26
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Liu SY, Ma YL, Hsu WL, Lee E. P1-206: PIAS1 SER-503 PHOSPHORYLATION-MEDIATED ELK-1 SUMOYLATION PROMOTES NEURONAL SURVIVAL IN APP/PS1 MICE. Alzheimers Dement 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2019.06.761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shau-Yu Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yun-Li Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Eminy Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica; Taipei Taiwan
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27
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Tao CC, Cheng KM, Ma YL, Hsu WL, Chen YC, Fuh JL, Lee WJ, Chao CC, Lee EHY. Galectin-3 promotes Aβ oligomerization and Aβ toxicity in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Cell Death Differ 2019; 27:192-209. [PMID: 31127200 PMCID: PMC7206130 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-019-0348-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers largely initiate the cascade underlying the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Galectin-3 (Gal-3), which is a member of the galectin protein family, promotes inflammatory responses and enhances the homotypic aggregation of cancer cells. Here, we examined the role and action mechanism of Gal-3 in Aβ oligomerization and Aβ toxicities. Wild-type (WT) and Gal-3-knockout (KO) mice, APP/PS1;WT mice, APP/PS1;Gal-3+/- mice and brain tissues from normal subjects and AD patients were used. We found that Aβ oligomerization is reduced in Gal-3 KO mice injected with Aβ, whereas overexpression of Gal-3 enhances Aβ oligomerization in the hippocampi of Aβ-injected mice. Gal-3 expression shows an age-dependent increase that parallels endogenous Aβ oligomerization in APP/PS1 mice. Moreover, Aβ oligomerization, Iba1 expression, GFAP expression and amyloid plaque accumulation are reduced in APP/PS1;Gal-3+/- mice compared with APP/PS1;WT mice. APP/PS1;Gal-3+/- mice also show better acquisition and retention performance compared to APP/PS1;WT mice. In studying the mechanism underlying Gal-3-promoted Aβ oligomerization, we found that Gal-3 primarily co-localizes with Iba1, and that microglia-secreted Gal-3 directly interacts with Aβ. Gal-3 also interacts with triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2, which then mediates the ability of Gal-3 to activate microglia for further Gal-3 expression. Immunohistochemical analyses show that the distribution of Gal-3 overlaps with that of endogenous Aβ in APP/PS1 mice and partially overlaps with that of amyloid plaque. Moreover, the expression of the Aβ-degrading enzyme, neprilysin, is increased in Gal-3 KO mice and this is associated with enhanced integrin-mediated signaling. Consistently, Gal-3 expression is also increased in the frontal lobe of AD patients, in parallel with Aβ oligomerization. Because Gal-3 expression is dramatically increased as early as 3 months of age in APP/PS1 mice and anti-Aβ oligomerization is believed to protect against Aβ toxicity, Gal-3 could be considered a novel therapeutic target in efforts to combat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chieh Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuang-Min Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Neuroscience, National Cheng-chi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Li Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Chu Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Ling Fuh
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chang Chao
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Cheng-chi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Eminy H Y Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan. .,Institute of Neuroscience, National Cheng-chi University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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28
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Liu SY, Ma YL, Hsu WL, Chiou HY, Lee EHY. Protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 Ser 503 phosphorylation-mediated Elk-1 SUMOylation promotes neuronal survival in APP/PS1 mice. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:1793-1810. [PMID: 30849179 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Protein inhibitor of activated STAT1 (PIAS1) is phosphorylated by IKKα at Ser90 in a PIAS1 E3 ligase activity-dependent manner. Whether PIAS1 is also phosphorylated at other residues and the functional significance of these additional phosphorylation events are not known. The transcription factor Elk-1 remains SUMOylated under basal conditions, but the role of Elk-1 SUMOylation in brain is unknown. Here, we examined the functional significance of PIAS1-mediated Elk-1 SUMOylation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) using the APP/PS1 mouse model of AD and amyloid β (Aβ) microinjections in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Novel phosphorylation site(s) on PIAS1 were identified by LC-MS/MS, and MAPK/ERK-mediated phosphorylation of Elk-1 demonstrated using in vitro kinase assays. Elk-1 SUMOylation by PIAS1 in brain was determined using in vitro SUMOylation assays. Apoptosis in hippocampus was assessed by measuring GADD45α expression by western blotting, and apoptosis of hippocampal neurons in APP/PS1 mice was assessed by TUNEL assay. KEY RESULTS Using LC-MS/MS, we identified a novel MAPK/ERK-mediated phosphorylation site on PIAS1 at Ser503 and showed this phosphorylation determines PIAS1 E3 ligase activity. In rat brain, Elk-1 was SUMOylated by PIAS1, which decreased Elk-1 phosphorylation and down-regulated GADD45α expression. Moreover, lentiviral-mediated transduction of Elk-1-SUMO1 reduced the number of hippocampal apoptotic neurons in APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS MAPK/ERK-mediated phosphorylation of PIAS1 at Ser503 determines PIAS1 E3 ligase activity. Moreover, PIAS1 mediates SUMOylation of Elk-1, which functions as an endogenous defence mechanism against Aβ toxicity in vivo. Targeting Elk-1 SUMOylation could be considered a novel therapeutic strategy against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shau-Yu Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Li Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying Chiou
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Eminy H Y Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Abstract
A thermodynamic stability analysis of microbubbles in an enclosed volume of a volatile liquid-noncondensable gas solution was performed. The stability conditions for the formation of the bubbles and the relationship between the equilibrium bubble radius and the equilibrium bubble number were investigated. The calculation results show that even if the saturation vapor pressure of a volatile liquid is higher than the pressure of the liquid phase, stable noncondensable gas bubbles appear in a closed system. Under such a condition, if the initial pressure of the noncondensable gas, which is proportional to the total number of moles of a noncondensable gas in the system, increases, stable bubbles appear at a lower temperature. At a fixed parameter of h0, which is defined as the ratio of the saturation vapor pressure of the volatile liquid minus the pressure in the liquid phase to the initial pressure of the noncondensable gas, the equilibrium bubble radius increases with a decrease of the equilibrium bubble number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daichi Sakurai
- Division of Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The Univerity of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha , Kashiwa 277-8563 , Japan
| | - Soumyadeep Paul
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Hirofumi Daiguji
- Division of Environmental Studies, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences , The Univerity of Tokyo , 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha , Kashiwa 277-8563 , Japan.,Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-8656 , Japan
| | - Fumio Takemura
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) , 1-2-1 Namiki , Tsukuba 305-8564 , Japan
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30
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Abstract
In this work, we study transport-induced-charge electroosmosis toward alternating current resistive pulse sensing for the next generation of biomedical applications. Transport-induced-charge electroosmosis, being a new class of electrokinetic phenomenon, occurs as a salt concentration gradient works in synergy with an electric field in ultrathin nanopores. Apart from the conventional electric double layer-governed electroosmotic flow in which the flow behavior is subject to the surface charge, it is found that the transport-induced-charge electroosmotic flow behaves independently of surface charge magnitude but can be linearly regulated by the bulk salt concentration bias. The reversal of the electric field simultaneously inverses the induced charge allowing the establishment of a unidirectional flow under the application of a periodic alternating current field. This unique phenomenon permits continuous water and nanoparticles pumping through a two-dimensional material nanopore in spite of the reversal of the electric field. Built upon this mechanism, we propose a theoretical prototype of alternating current resistive pulse sensing in a two-dimensional nanopore system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Junho Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Daiguji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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31
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Kashiwagi K, Suh D, Hwang J, Hsu WL, Daiguji H. Molecular simulations of water adsorption and transport in mesopores with varying hydrophilicity arrangements. Nanoscale 2018; 10:11657-11669. [PMID: 29897089 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02016g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The adsorption and transport of water in an open cylindrical mesopore with two different inner surface arrangements of hydrophilicities were examined by molecular simulations. The first model has a weak hydrophilic surface at both entrances of the pore and a stronger hydrophilic surface in the mid-section. The second pore has stronger hydrophilic surfaces at the entrances and weaker in the middle region. The simulation results show that the water adsorption isotherms obtained from Grand Canonical Monte Carlo simulations and pore filling curves acquired from Grand Canonical Molecular Dynamics simulations change depending on the arrangement of the strong and weak hydrophilic surfaces. In the first model, water condensation focuses on the mid-section forming a liquid bridge or a film, which creates a concave meniscus accelerating subsequent adsorption within the pore. Two bridges form in the entrance regions, where a cavity naturally occurs in between the films, in the second model. The different filling and emptying mechanisms clearly change the adsorption-desorption characteristics for the two pore types, but the second type generally showed faster transitions overall. Flux and meniscus analysis also reveals a circulating flow at the menisci of the interfaces within the pore. The results are expected to be valuable in understanding the effects of interior surface modification of nanopores in future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Kashiwagi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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32
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Mauch ED, Young JM, Serão NVL, Hsu WL, Patience JF, Kerr BJ, Weber TE, Gabler NK, Dekkers JCM. Effect of lower-energy, higher-fiber diets on pigs divergently selected for residual feed intake when fed higher-energy, lower-fiber diets. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:1221-1236. [PMID: 29669076 PMCID: PMC6140866 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Residual feed intake (RFI) is the difference between observed and predicted feed intake of an animal, based on growth and maintenance requirements. In Yorkshire pigs, divergent selection for increased (Low RFI) and decreased (High RFI) RFI was carried out over 10 generations (G) while feeding a corn- and soybean-meal-based, higher-energy, lower-fiber (HELF) diet. In G8 to G10, representing 4 replicates, barrows and gilts (n = 649) of the RFI lines were fed the HELF diet and a diet incorporating coproducts that were lower in energy and higher in dietary fiber (LEHF). The diets differed in ME, 3.32 vs. 2.87 Mcal/kg, and in neutral detergent fiber (NDF), 9.4% vs. 25.9%, respectively. The impact of the LEHF diet on 1) performance and growth, 2) diet digestibility, 3) genetic parameter estimates, and 4) responses to selection for RFI, when fed the HELF, was assessed. In general, the LEHF diet reduced the performance of both lines. When fed the HELF diet, the Low RFI pigs had lower (P < 0.05) ADFI (-12%), energy intake (-12%), ADG (-6%), and backfat depth (-12%); similar (P > 0.05) loin muscle area (LMA; +5%); and greater (P < 0.05) feed efficiency (i.e., 8% higher G:F and 7% lower RFI) than the High RFI line. These patterns of line differences were still present under the LEHF diet but differences for ADFI (-11%), energy intake (-10%), G:F (+2%), and RFI (-6%) were reduced compared to the HELF diet. Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of the HELF and LEHF diets was assessed using 116 barrows and gilts from G8. When fed the HELF diet, ATTD of DM, GE, N, and NDF were similar between lines (P ≥ 0.27), but when fed the LEHF diet, the Low RFI pigs had greater digestibility (7%, 7%, 10%, and 32%) than the High RFI line (P ≤ 0.04). To measure responses to selection for RFI and estimate genetic parameters, data from all 10 generations were used (HELF; n = 2,310; LEHF, n = 317). Heritability estimates of performance traits ranged from 0.19 to 0.63, and genetic correlations of traits between diets were high and positive, ranging from 0.87 (RFI) to 0.99 (LMA). By G10, RFI in the Low RFI line was 3.86 and 1.50 genetic SD lower than in the High RFI line when fed the HELF and LEHF diets, respectively. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that responses to selection for RFI when fed a HELF diet are not fully realized when pigs are fed an extremely LEHF diet. Thus, feeding diets that differ from those used for selection may not maximize genetic potential for feed efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Mauch
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - J M Young
- Department of Animal Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND
| | - N V L Serão
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - W L Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - J F Patience
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - B J Kerr
- USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment, Ames, IA
| | - T E Weber
- Kalmbach Feeds Inc., Upper Sandusky, OH
| | - N K Gabler
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
| | - J C M Dekkers
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA
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Abstract
In theory, gyroid photonic crystals in butterfly wings exhibit advanced optical properties as a result of their highly interconnected microstructures. Because of the difficulties in synthesizing artificial gyroid materials having periodicity corresponding to visible wavelengths, human-made visible gyroid photonic crystals are still unachievable by self-assembly. In this study, we develop a physical approach-trapping of structural coloration (TOSC)-through which the visible structural coloration of an expanded gyroid lattice in a solvated state can be preserved in the solid state, thereby allowing the fabrication of visible-wavelength gyroid photonic crystals. Through control over the diffusivity and diffusive distance for solvent evaporation, the single-molecular-weight gyroid block copolymer photonic crystal can exhibit desired structural coloration in the solid state without the need to introduce any additives, namely, evapochromism. Also, greatly enhanced reflectivity is observed arising from the formation of porous gyroid nanochannels, similar to those in butterfly wings. As a result, TOSC facilitates the fabrication of the human-made solid gyroid photonic crystal featuring tunable and switchable structural coloration without the synthesis to alter the molecular weight. It appears to be applicable in the fields of optical communication, energy, light-emission, sensors, and displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Li Lin
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Yeo-Wan Chiang
- Department of Materials and Optoelectronic Science, National Sun Yat-Sen University , Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
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34
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Wang YI, Hsu WL, Ho FC, Li CP, Wang CF, Chen HH. Efficient regioselective approach for polysubstituted benzene derivatives by intermolecular [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization of alkynes. Tetrahedron 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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35
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Hwang J, Sekimoto T, Hsu WL, Kataoka S, Endo A, Daiguji H. Thermal dependence of nanofluidic energy conversion by reverse electrodialysis. Nanoscale 2017; 9:12068-12076. [PMID: 28799599 DOI: 10.1039/c7nr04387b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The thermal dependence of salinity-gradient-driven energy conversion by reverse electrodialysis using a mesoporous silica thin film with pores ca. 2-3 nm in diameter was studied in a temperature range of 293-333 K. As the temperature increases, the surface charge density of mesopores increases owing to an increase in the zeta potential of the pore walls, which in turn increases the concentration of counter-ions in the electrical double layer. The ion mobility also increases with increasing temperature owing to a decrease in the liquid viscosity. As a result, the temperature increase improves the ion conductance of mesopores both in the surface-charge-governed regime at low ion concentrations and in the bulk regime at high ion concentrations. However, further increases in temperature induce bubble nucleation. In particular, in highly concentrated salt solutions, hydrophobic patches appear on the pore surfaces because of the salting-out effect and mask the surface charge. The weakened polarity in mesopores allows more co-ions to enter them, decreasing the potential difference across the film, resulting in a serious deterioration of the energy conversion efficiency. The thermal dependence of the performance characteristics of mesoporous-silica-based nanofluidic devices was also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junho Hwang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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36
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Chen YC, Ma YL, Lin CH, Cheng SJ, Hsu WL, Lee EHY. Galectin-3 Negatively Regulates Hippocampus-Dependent Memory Formation through Inhibition of Integrin Signaling and Galectin-3 Phosphorylation. Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:217. [PMID: 28744198 PMCID: PMC5504160 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3, a member of the galectin protein family, has been found to regulate cell proliferation, inhibit apoptosis and promote inflammatory responses. Galectin-3 is also expressed in the adult rat hippocampus, but its role in learning and memory function is not known. Here, we found that contextual fear-conditioning training, spatial training or injection of NMDA into the rat CA1 area each dramatically decreased the level of endogenous galectin-3 expression. Overexpression of galectin-3 impaired fear memory, whereas galectin-3 knockout (KO) enhanced fear retention, spatial memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation. Galectin-3 was further found to associate with integrin α3, an association that was decreased after fear-conditioning training. Transfection of the rat CA1 area with small interfering RNA against galectin-3 facilitated fear memory and increased phosphorylated focal adhesion kinase (FAK) levels, effects that were blocked by co-transfection of the FAK phosphorylation-defective mutant Flag-FAKY397F. Notably, levels of serine-phosphorylated galectin-3 were decreased by fear conditioning training. In addition, blockade of galectin-3 phosphorylation at Ser-6 facilitated fear memory, whereas constitutive activation of galectin-3 at Ser-6 impaired fear memory. Interestingly galectin-1 plays a role in fear-memory formation similar to that of galectin-3. Collectively, our data provide the first demonstration that galectin-3 is a novel negative regulator of memory formation that exerts its effects through both extracellular and intracellular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chu Chen
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical CenterTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Li Ma
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Sin-Jhong Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan.,Neuroscience Program in Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
| | - Eminy H-Y Lee
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical CenterTaipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia SinicaTaipei, Taiwan
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37
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Abstract
The control of biomolecule translocation through nanopores is important in nanopore protein detection. Improvement in current nanopore molecule control is desired to enhance capture rates, extend translocation times, and ensure the effective detection of various proteins in the same solutions. We present a method that simultaneously resolves these issues through the use of a gate-modulated conical nanopore coupled with solutions of varying salt concentration. Simulation results show that the presence of an induced reverse electroosmotic flow (IREOF) results in inlet flows from the two ends of the nanopore centerline entering into the nanopore in opposite directions, which simultaneously elevates the capture rate and immobilizes the protein in the nanopore, thus enabling steady current blockage measurements for a range of proteins. In addition, it is shown that proteins with different size/charge ratios can be trapped by a gate modulation intensified flow field at a similar location in the nanopore in the same solution conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Daiguji
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Tokyo , Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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38
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Hsu WL, Daiguji H, Dunstan DE, Davidson MR, Harvie DJ. Electrokinetics of the silica and aqueous electrolyte solution interface: Viscoelectric effects. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 234:108-131. [PMID: 27217082 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The manipulation of biomolecules, fluid and ionic current in a new breed of integrated nanofluidic devices requires a quantitative understanding of electrokinetics at the silica/water interface. The conventional capacitor-based electrokinetic Electric Double Layer (EDL) models for this interface have some known shortcomings, as evidenced by a lack of consistency within the literature for the (i) equilibrium constants of surface silanol groups, (ii) Stern layer capacitance, (iii) zeta (ζ) potential measured by various electrokinetic methods, and (iv) surface conductivity. In this study, we consider how the experimentally observable viscoelectric effect - that is, the increase of the local viscosity due to the polarisation of polar solvents - affects electrokinetcs at the silica/water interface. Specifically we consider how a model that considers viscoelectric effects (the VE model) performs against two conventional electrokinetic models, namely the Gouy-Chapman (GC) and Basic Stern capacitance (BS) models, in predicting four fundamental electrokinetic phenomena: electrophoresis, electroosmosis, streaming current and streaming potential. It is found that at moderate to high salt concentrations (>5×10(-3)M) predictions from the VE model are in quantitative agreement with experimental electrokinetic measurements when the sole additional adjustable parameter, the viscoelectric coefficient, is set equal to a value given by a previous independent measurement. In contrast neither the GS nor BS models is able to reproduce all experimental data over the same concentration range using a single, robust set of parameters. Significantly, we also show that the streaming current and potential in the moderate to high surface charge range are insensitive to surface charge behaviour (including capacitances) when viscoelectric effects are considered, in difference to models that do not consider these effects. This strongly questions the validity of using pressure based electrokinetic experiments to measure surface charge characteristics within this experimentally relevant high pH and moderate to high salt concentration range. At low salt concentrations (<5×10(-3)M) we find that there is a lack of consistency in previously measured channel conductivities conducted under similar solution conditions (pH, salt concentration), preventing a conclusive assessment of any model suitability in this regime.
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Lee E, Tao C, Hsu WL, Ma YL. O2‐02‐03: HDAC1 Sumoylation Protects Against Amyloid‐Beta Toxicity in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Alzheimers Dement 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2016.06.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eminy Lee
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipei Taiwan
| | - Chijay Tao
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical CenterTaipeiTaiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipei Taiwan
| | - Yun-Li Ma
- Institute of Biomedical SciencesAcademia SinicaTaipei Taiwan
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Lin JC, Tra VT, Tsai DS, Lin TT, Huang PC, Hsu WL, Wu HJ, Huang R, Van Chien N, Yoshida R, Lin JY, Ikuhara Y, Chiu YP, Gwo S, Tsai DP, He JH, Chu YH. Control of the Metal-Insulator Transition at Complex Oxide Heterointerfaces through Visible Light. Adv Mater 2016; 28:764-770. [PMID: 26607052 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201503499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of the localized surface plasmon resonance of Au nanoparticles is utilized to deliver a visible-light stimulus to control conduction at the LaAlO3 /SrTiO3 interface. A giant photoresponse and the controllable metal-insulator transition are characterized at this heterointerface. This study paves a new route to optical control of the functionality at the heterointerfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jheng-Cyuan Lin
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Vu Thanh Tra
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Dung-Sheng Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Te Lin
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Po-Cheng Huang
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Hui Jun Wu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Rong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Polar Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya, 456-8587, Japan
| | - Nguyen Van Chien
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Ryuji Yoshida
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya, 456-8587, Japan
| | - Jiunn-Yuan Lin
- Institute of Physics, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
| | - Yuichi Ikuhara
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya, 456-8587, Japan
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Ya-Ping Chiu
- Department of Physics, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
| | - Shangjr Gwo
- Department of Physics, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, 30013, Taiwan
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Hau He
- Graduate Institute of Photonics and Optoelectronics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
- Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ying-Hao Chu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, 30010, Taiwan
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Huang F, Oldfield CJ, Xue B, Hsu WL, Meng J, Liu X, Shen L, Romero P, Uversky VN, Dunker AK. Erratum to: Improving protein order-disorder classification using charge-hydropathy plots. BMC Bioinformatics 2015; 16:241. [PMID: 26227315 PMCID: PMC4520057 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-015-0646-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Huang
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Christopher J Oldfield
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Bin Xue
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology, and Molecular Biology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA.
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Jingwei Meng
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Xiaowen Liu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Li Shen
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
| | - Pedro Romero
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA. .,USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida, USA. .,Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142290 Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia.
| | - A Keith Dunker
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA.
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Hsu WL, Chung HW, Wu CY, Wu HI, Lee YT, Chen EC, Fang W, Chang YC. Glutamate Stimulates Local Protein Synthesis in the Axons of Rat Cortical Neurons by Activating α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid (AMPA) Receptors and Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:20748-20760. [PMID: 26134564 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.638023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutamate is the principal excitatory neurotransmitter in the mammalian CNS. By analyzing the metabolic incorporation of azidohomoalanine, a methionine analogue, in newly synthesized proteins, we find that glutamate treatments up-regulate protein translation not only in intact rat cortical neurons in culture but also in the axons emitting from cortical neurons before making synapses with target cells. The process by which glutamate stimulates local translation in axons begins with the binding of glutamate to the ionotropic AMPA receptors and metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 and members of group 2 metabotropic glutamate receptors on the plasma membrane. Subsequently, the activated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway and the rise in Ca(2+), resulting from Ca(2+) influxes through calcium-permeable AMPA receptors, voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels, and transient receptor potential canonical channels, in axons stimulate the local translation machinery. For comparison, the enhancement effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) on the local protein synthesis in cortical axons were also studied. The results indicate that Ca(2+) influxes via transient receptor potential canonical channels and activated the mTOR pathway in axons also mediate BDNF stimulation to local protein synthesis. However, glutamate- and BDNF-induced enhancements of translation in axons exhibit different kinetics. Moreover, Ca(2+) and mTOR signaling appear to play roles carrying different weights, respectively, in transducing glutamate- and BDNF-induced enhancements of axonal translation. Thus, our results indicate that exposure to transient increases of glutamate and more lasting increases of BDNF would stimulate local protein synthesis in migrating axons en route to their targets in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Chung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yueh Wu
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Ing Wu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tao Lee
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - En-Chan Chen
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Weilun Fang
- Department of Power Mechanical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chung Chang
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Institute of Systems Neuroscience, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan; Institute of Nanoengineering and Microsystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan.
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43
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Hsu WL, Wu PC, Chen JW, Chen TY, Cheng BH, Chen WT, Huang YW, Liao CY, Sun G, Tsai DP. Vertical split-ring resonator based anomalous beam steering with high extinction ratio. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11226. [PMID: 26054048 PMCID: PMC4459221 DOI: 10.1038/srep11226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Metasurfaces created artificially with metal nanostructures that are patterned on surfaces of different media have shown to possess “unusual” abilities to manipulate light. Limited by nanofabrication difficulties, so far most reported works have been based on 2D metal structures. We have recently developed an advanced e-beam process that allowed for the deposition of 3D nanostructures, namely vertical split-ring resonators (VSRRs), which opens up another degree of freedom in the metasurface design. Here we explore the functionality of beam steering with phase modulation by tuning only the vertical dimension of the VSRRs and show that anomalous steering reflection of a wide range of angles can be accomplished with high extinction ratio using the finite-difference-time-domain simulation. We also demonstrate that metasurfaces made of 3D VSRRs can be made with roughly half of the footprint compared to that of 2D nano-rods, enabling high density integration of metal nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Pin Chieh Wu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Wern Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Yu Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bo Han Cheng
- Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wei Ting Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Wei Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun Yen Liao
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Greg Sun
- Department of Engineering, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts 02125, U.S.A
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- 1] Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan [2] Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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44
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Wu PC, Hsu WL, Chen WT, Huang YW, Liao CY, Liu AQ, Zheludev NI, Sun G, Tsai DP. Plasmon coupling in vertical split-ring resonator metamolecules. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9726. [PMID: 26043931 PMCID: PMC4456725 DOI: 10.1038/srep09726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The past decade has seen a number of interesting designs proposed and implemented to generate artificial magnetism at optical frequencies using plasmonic metamaterials, but owing to the planar configurations of typically fabricated metamolecules that make up the metamaterials, the magnetic response is mainly driven by the electric field of the incident electromagnetic wave. We recently fabricated vertical split-ring resonators (VSRRs) which behave as magnetic metamolecules sensitive to both incident electric and magnetic fields with stronger induced magnetic dipole moment upon excitation in comparison to planar SRRs. The fabrication technique enabled us to study the plasmon coupling between VSRRs that stand up side by side where the coupling strength can be precisely controlled by varying the gap in between. The resulting wide tuning range of these resonance modes offers the possibility of developing frequency selective functional devices such as sensors and filters based on plasmon coupling with high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Chieh Wu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Lun Hsu
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Wei Ting Chen
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Wei Huang
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun Yen Liao
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ai Qun Liu
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore
| | - Nikolay I Zheludev
- Optoelectronics Research Centre and Centre for Photonic Metamaterials, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.,TPI and Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Greg Sun
- Department of Engineering, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, U.S.A
| | - Din Ping Tsai
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Research Center for Applied Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
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Cheng FP, Hsieh MJ, Chou CC, Hsu WL, Lee YJ. Detection of indoxyl sulfate levels in dogs and cats suffering from naturally occurring kidney diseases. Vet J 2015; 205:399-403. [PMID: 26118479 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a protein-bound uraemic toxin, has been found to accumulate in the serum of people with renal diseases and is associated with free radical induction, nephrotoxicity cardiovascular toxicity, and osteoblast cytotoxicity. Although IS has been studied in humans and in experimental models, the role of IS in dogs and cats with kidney disease has not been investigated. A high performance liquid chromatography system was applied to detect plasma IS concentrations in non-azotaemic animals (63 dogs, 16 cats) and in animals with renal azotaemia (66 dogs, 69 cats). The IS levels of azotaemic animals were significantly higher (P <0.01) than those of non-azotaemic animals (median [IQR] 20.4 (9.5) mg/L vs. 7.2 (8.8) mg/L for dogs; median [IQR] 21 (18.9) mg/L vs. 14.8 (12.3) mg/L for cats). The IS level was significantly correlated with blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine and phosphate concentrations. Dogs with acute kidney injury had significantly higher IS levels (P <0.01) than those with chronic kidney diseases (CKD) (median [IQR] 57.7 (40.8) mg/L vs. 17.7 (25.1) mg/L). When CKD was graded using the International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) staging system, IS levels were correlated with CKD severity in both dogs and cats. The IS concentration is directly related to loss of renal function. Further studies are necessary to determine whether measurement of IS provides any additional diagnostic or prognostic information in dogs and cats with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- F P Cheng
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - M J Hsieh
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan; Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, No. 153, Sec. 3, Keelung Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - C C Chou
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - W L Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, No. 250, Kuo Kuang Rd., Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Y J Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Veterinary Hospital, No. 153, Sec. 3, Keelung Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan; Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bio-Resources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Huang F, Oldfield CJ, Xue B, Hsu WL, Meng J, Liu X, Shen L, Romero P, Uversky VN, Dunker A. Improving protein order-disorder classification using charge-hydropathy plots. BMC Bioinformatics 2014; 15 Suppl 17:S4. [PMID: 25559583 PMCID: PMC4304195 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-s17-s4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The earliest whole protein order/disorder predictor (Uversky et al., Proteins, 41: 415-427 (2000)), herein called the charge-hydropathy (C-H) plot, was originally developed using the Kyte-Doolittle (1982) hydropathy scale (Kyte & Doolittle., J. Mol. Biol, 157: 105-132(1982)). Here the goal is to determine whether the performance of the C-H plot in separating structured and disordered proteins can be improved by using an alternative hydropathy scale. Results Using the performance of the CH-plot as the metric, we compared 19 alternative hydropathy scales, with the finding that the Guy (1985) hydropathy scale (Guy, Biophys. J, 47:61-70(1985)) was the best of the tested hydropathy scales for separating large collections structured proteins and intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) on the C-H plot. Next, we developed a new scale, named IDP-Hydropathy, which further improves the discrimination between structured proteins and IDPs. Applying the C-H plot to a dataset containing 109 IDPs and 563 non-homologous fully structured proteins, the Kyte-Doolittle (1982) hydropathy scale, the Guy (1985) hydropathy scale, and the IDP-Hydropathy scale gave balanced two-state classification accuracies of 79%, 84%, and 90%, respectively, indicating a very substantial overall improvement is obtained by using different hydropathy scales. A correlation study shows that IDP-Hydropathy is strongly correlated with other hydropathy scales, thus suggesting that IDP-Hydropathy probably has only minor contributions from amino acid properties other than hydropathy. Conclusion We suggest that IDP-Hydropathy would likely be the best scale to use for any type of algorithm developed to predict protein disorder.
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Huang F, Oldfield CJ, Xue B, Hsu WL, Meng J, Liu X, Shen L, Romero P, Uversky VN, Dunker AK. Improving protein order-disorder classification using charge-hydropathy plots. BMC Bioinformatics 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-s17-s4/?pageprincipale/rss] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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48
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Huang F, Oldfield CJ, Xue B, Hsu WL, Meng J, Liu X, Shen L, Romero P, Uversky VN, Dunker AK. Improving protein order-disorder classification using charge-hydropathy plots. BMC Bioinformatics 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-s17-s4/?url=../../../../../../windows/win.ini] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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49
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Huang F, Oldfield CJ, Xue B, Hsu WL, Meng J, Liu X, Shen L, Romero P, Uversky VN, Dunker AK. Improving protein order-disorder classification using charge-hydropathy plots. BMC Bioinformatics 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-s17-s4?io.popen('cat/etc/passwd').read
#] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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50
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Huang F, Oldfield CJ, Xue B, Hsu WL, Meng J, Liu X, Shen L, Romero P, Uversky VN, Dunker AK. Improving protein order-disorder classification using charge-hydropathy plots. BMC Bioinformatics 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-15-s17-s4/?{alert(1)}] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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