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Zhuang H, Han S, Harris NS, Reeves WH. MEK1/2 and ERK1/2 mediated lung endothelial injury and altered hemostasis promote diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in murine lupus. bioRxiv 2024:2024.05.07.593006. [PMID: 38766226 PMCID: PMC11100673 DOI: 10.1101/2024.05.07.593006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
Objective About 3% of lupus patients develop severe diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) with pulmonary vasculitis. B6 mice with pristane-induced lupus also develop DAH, but BALB/c mice are resistant. DAH is independent of TLR signaling and other inflammatory pathways. This study examined the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (MEK1/2-ERK1/2, JNK, p38). Methods B6 and BALB/c mice were treated with pristane ± inhibitors of MEK1/2 (trametinib/GSK1120212, "GSK"), ERK1/2 (SCH772984, "SCH"), JNK, or p38. Effects on lung hemorrhage and hemostasis were determined. Results GSK and SCH abolished DAH, whereas JNK and p38 inhibitors were ineffective. Apoptotic cells were present in lung from pristane-treated mice, but not mice receiving pristane+GSK and endothelial dysfunction was normalized. Expression of the ERK1/2-regulated transcription factor Egr1 increased in pristane-treated B6, but not BALB/c, mice and was normalized by GSK. Pristane also increased expression of the anticoagulant genes Tfpi (tissue factor pathway inhibitor) and Thbd (thrombomodulin) in B6 mice. The ratio of tissue factor ( F3 ) to Tfpi increased in B6 (but not BALB/c) mice and was normalized by GSK. Circulating Thbd protein increased in B6 mice and returned to normal after GSK treatment. Consistent with augmented endothelial anticoagulant activity, pristane treatment increased tail bleeding in B6 mice. Conclusion Pristane treatment promotes lung endothelial injury and DAH in B6 mice by activating the MEK1/2-ERK1/2 pathway and impairing hemostasis. The hereditary factors determining susceptibility to lung injury and bleeding in pristane-induced lupus are relevant to the pathophysiology of life-threatening DAH in SLE and may help to optimize therapy.
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Chen J, Liu C, Chernatynskaya AV, Newby B, Brusko TM, Xu Y, Barra JM, Morgan N, Santarlas C, Reeves WH, Tse HM, Leiding JW, Mathews CE. NADPH Oxidase 2-Derived Reactive Oxygen Species Promote CD8+ T Cell Effector Function. J Immunol 2024; 212:258-270. [PMID: 38079221 PMCID: PMC10752859 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2200691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Oxidants participate in lymphocyte activation and function. We previously demonstrated that eliminating the activity of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) significantly impaired the effectiveness of autoreactive CD8+ CTLs. However, the molecular mechanisms impacting CD8+ T cell function remain unknown. In the present study, we examined the role of NOX2 in both NOD mouse and human CD8+ T cell function. Genetic ablation or chemical inhibition of NOX2 in CD8+ T cells significantly suppressed activation-induced expression of the transcription factor T-bet, the master transcription factor of the Tc1 cell lineage, and T-bet target effector genes such as IFN-γ and granzyme B. Inhibition of NOX2 in both human and mouse CD8+ T cells prevented target cell lysis. We identified that superoxide generated by NOX2 must be converted into hydrogen peroxide to transduce the redox signal in CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, we show that NOX2-generated oxidants deactivate the tumor suppressor complex leading to activation of RheB and subsequently mTOR complex 1. These results indicate that NOX2 plays a nonredundant role in TCR-mediated CD8+ T cell effector function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Anna V. Chernatynskaya
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Brittney Newby
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Todd M. Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
| | - Jessie M. Barra
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Nadine Morgan
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | | | - Hubert M. Tse
- Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Jennifer W. Leiding
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL
| | - Clayton E. Mathews
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL
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Zhuang H, Hudson E, Han S, Arja RD, Hui W, Lu L, Reeves WH. Microvascular lung injury and endoplasmic reticulum stress in systemic lupus erythematosus-associated alveolar hemorrhage and pulmonary vasculitis. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L715-L729. [PMID: 36255715 PMCID: PMC9744657 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00051.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human COPA mutations affecting retrograde Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) protein transport cause diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) and ER stress ("COPA syndrome"). Patients with SLE also can develop DAH. C57BL/6 (B6) mice with pristane-induced lupus develop monocyte-dependent DAH indistinguishable from human DAH, whereas BALB/c mice are resistant. We examined Copa and ER stress in pristane-induced lupus. Copa expression, ER stress, vascular injury, and apoptosis were assessed in mice and COPA was quantified in blood from patients with SLE. Copa mRNA and protein expression were impaired in B6 mice with pristane-induced DAH, but not in pristane-treated BALB/c mice. An ER stress response (increased Hsp5a/BiP, Ddit3/CHOP, Eif2a, and spliced Xbp1) was seen in lungs from pristane-treated B6, but not BALB/c, mice. Resistance of BALB/c mice to DAH was overcome by treating them with low-dose thapsigargin plus pristane. CB6F1 mice did not develop DAH or ER stress, suggesting that susceptibility was recessive. Increased pulmonary expression of von Willebrand factor (Vwf), a marker of endothelial injury, and the chemokine Ccl2 in DAH suggested that pristane promotes lung microvascular injury and monocyte recruitment. Consistent with that possibility, lung endothelial cells and infiltrating bone marrow-derived cells from pristane-treated B6 mice expressed BiP and showed evidence of apoptosis (annexin-V and activated caspase-3 staining). COPA expression also was low in patients with SLE with lung involvement. Pristane-induced DAH may be initiated by endothelial injury, resulting in ER stress, apoptosis of lung endothelial cells, and recruitment of myeloid cells that propagate lung injury. The pathogenesis of DAH in SLE and COPA syndrome may overlap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Zhuang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Erin Hudson
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Shuhong Han
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rawad Daniel Arja
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Winnie Hui
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Westley H Reeves
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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Han S, Zhuang H, Arja RD, Reeves WH. A novel monocyte differentiation pattern in pristane-induced lupus with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. eLife 2022; 11:e76205. [PMID: 36264674 PMCID: PMC9584606 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Pristane causes chronic peritoneal inflammation resulting in lupus, which in C57BL/6 mice is complicated by lung microvascular injury and diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH). Mineral oil (MO) also causes inflammation, but not lupus or DAH. Since monocyte depletion prevents DAH, we examined the role of monocytes in the disease. Impaired bone marrow (BM) monocyte egress in Ccr2-/- mice abolished DAH, confirming the importance of monocyte recruitment to the lung. Circulating Ly6Chi monocytes from pristane-treated mice exhibited increased annexin-V staining in comparison with MO-treated controls without evidence of apoptosis, suggesting that pristane alters the distribution of phosphatidylserine in the plasma membrane before or shortly after monocyte egress from the BM. Plasma membrane asymmetry also was impaired in Nr4a1-regulated Ly6Clo/- 'patrolling' monocytes, which are derived from Ly6Chi precursors. Patrolling Ly6Clo/- monocytes normally promote endothelial repair, but their phenotype was altered in pristane-treated mice. In contrast to MO-treated controls, Nr4a1-regulated Ly6Clo/- monocytes from pristane-treated mice were CD138+, expressed more TremL4, a protein that amplifies TLR7 signaling, and exuberantly produced TNFα in response to TLR7 stimulation. TremL4 expression on these novel CD138+ monocytes was regulated by Nr4a1. Thus, monocyte CD138, high TremL4 expression, and annexin-V staining may define an activated/inflammatory subtype of patrolling monocytes associated with DAH susceptibility. By altering monocyte development, pristane exposure may generate activated Ly6Chi and Ly6Clo/- monocytes, contributing to lung microvascular endothelial injury and DAH susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Han
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Haoyang Zhuang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Rawad Daniel Arja
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
| | - Westley H Reeves
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of FloridaGainesvilleUnited States
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Dada L, Succari L, Vittor AY, Clapp WL, Zhuang H, Saikaly SK, Auerbach J, Han S, Mehrad B, Reeves WH. Microscopic Polyangiitis With Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Glomerulonephritis Complicating Acute Influenza Infection. J Clin Rheumatol 2021; 27:S618-S619. [PMID: 33843777 PMCID: PMC8463638 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Dada
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Loutfi Succari
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Amy Y. Vittor
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - William L. Clapp
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Haoyang Zhuang
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Sami K. Saikaly
- Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Jena Auerbach
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Shuhong Han
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Borna Mehrad
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Westley H. Reeves
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Zhuang H, Han S, Lu L, Reeves WH. Myxomavirus serpin alters macrophage function and prevents diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in pristane-induced lupus. Clin Immunol 2021; 229:108764. [PMID: 34089860 PMCID: PMC10619960 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
C57BL/6 mice with pristane-induced lupus develop macrophage-dependent diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), which is blocked by treatment with liver X receptor (LXR) agonists and is exacerbated by low IL-10 levels. Serp-1, a myxomavirus-encoded serpin that impairs macrophage activation and plasminogen activation, blocks DAH caused by MHV68 infection. We investigated whether Serp-1 also could block DAH in pristane-induced lupus. Pristane-induced DAH was prevented by treatment with recombinant Serp-1 and macrophages from Serp1-treated mice exhibited an anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotype. Therapy activated LXR, promoting M2 polarization and expression of Kruppel-like factor-4 (KLH4), which upregulates IL-10. In contrast, deficiency of tissue plasminogen activator or plasminogen activator inhibitor had little effect on DAH. We conclude that Serp-1 blocks pristane-induced lung hemorrhage by enhancing LXR-regulated M2 macrophage polarization and KLH4-regulated IL-10 production. In view of the similarities between DAH in pristane-treated mice and SLE patients, Serp-1 may represent a potential new therapy for this severe complication of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Zhuang
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America.
| | - Shuhong Han
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Pathology, Immunology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
| | - Westley H Reeves
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, United States of America
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Han S, Zhuang H, Li M, Yang L, Lee PY, Nigrovic PA, Reeves WH. Reply. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 73:176-178. [PMID: 32776428 DOI: 10.1002/art.41478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Pui Y Lee
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
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Han S, Zhuang H, Lee PY, Li M, Yang L, Nigrovic PA, Reeves WH. NF-E2-Related Factor 2 Regulates Interferon Receptor Expression and Alters Macrophage Polarization in Lupus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1707-1720. [PMID: 32500632 DOI: 10.1002/art.41383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Pristane-induced lupus is associated with nonresolving inflammation and deficiency of proresolving macrophages. Proresolving nonclassic macrophages (NCMs) are less responsive to type I interferon (IFN) than classic macrophages (CMs; which are proinflammatory), reflecting their relative expression levels of the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR). This study was undertaken to investigate the regulation of IFNAR expression in macrophages. METHODS We carried out gene expression profiling of purified CMs and NCMs from mice treated with pristane (which develop lupus) or mineral oil (non-lupus controls). Macrophage differentiation and IFNAR expression were examined in mice treated with NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activators and inhibitors and in Nrf2-deficient mice. Nrf2 activity was also assessed in blood cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Significant differences were determined by Student's t-test. RESULTS RNA sequencing revealed increased expression of genes regulated by the transcription factor Nrf2 in NCMs from mineral oil-treated versus pristane-treated mice and in NCMs versus CMs. The Nrf2 activator CDDO-imidazole (CDDO-Im) decreased CMs (P < 0.0001) and promoted the development of proresolving NCMs (P = 0.06), whereas the Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol increased CMs (P < 0.05) and decreased NCMs (P < 0.001). CDDO-Im decreased Ifnar1 (P < 0.001) and IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) expression in macrophages and alleviated oxidative stress (P < 0.05), whereas brusatol had the opposite effect (P < 0.01). Moreover, Ifnar1 and ISG expression levels were higher in Nrf2-knockout mice than controls (P < 0.05). As seen in mice with lupus, SLE patients showed evidence of low Nrf2 activity. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that Nrf2 activation favors the resolution of chronic inflammation in lupus. Since autoantibody production and lupus nephritis depend on IFNAR signaling, the ability of Nrf2 activators to repolarize macrophages and reduce the INF signature suggests that these agents may warrant consideration for treating lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pui Y Lee
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Han S, Zhuang H, Lee PY, Li M, Yang L, Nigrovic PA, Reeves WH. Differential Responsiveness of Monocyte and Macrophage Subsets to Interferon. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:100-113. [PMID: 31390156 PMCID: PMC6935410 DOI: 10.1002/art.41072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients exhibit a gene expression program (interferon [IFN] signature) that is attributed to overproduction of type I IFNs by plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Type I IFNs have been thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of SLE. This study was undertaken to examine an unexpected influence of monocyte/macrophages on the IFN signature. METHODS Proinflammatory (classic) and antiinflammatory (nonclassic) monocyte/macrophages were sorted from mice and analyzed by RNA sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Type I IFN-α/β/ω receptor (IFNAR-1) expression was determined by qPCR and flow cytometry. Macrophages were stimulated in vitro with IFNα, and pSTAT1was measured. RESULTS Transcriptional profiling of peritoneal macrophages from mice with pristane-induced SLE unexpectedly indicated a strong IFN signature in classic, but not nonclassic, monocyte/macrophages exposed to the same type I IFN concentrations. Ifnar1 messenger RNA and IFNAR surface staining were higher in classic monocyte/macrophages versus nonclassic monocyte/macrophages (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.05, respectively, by Student's t-test). Nonclassic monocyte/macrophages were also relatively insensitive to IFNα-driven STAT1 phosphorylation. Humans exhibited a similar pattern: higher IFNAR expression (P < 0.0001 by Student's t-test) and IFNα-stimulated gene expression (P < 0.01 by paired Wilcoxon's rank sum test) in classic monocyte/macrophages and lower levels in nonclassic monocyte/macrophages. CONCLUSION This study revealed that the relative abundance of different monocyte/macrophage subsets helps determine the magnitude of the IFN signature. Responsiveness to IFNα signaling reflects differences in IFNAR expression in classic (high IFNAR) compared to nonclassic (low IFNAR) monocyte/macrophages. Thus, the IFN signature depends on both type I IFN production and the responsiveness of monocyte/macrophages to IFNAR signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pui Y Lee
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Boston Children's Hospital and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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Lee PY, Nelson-Maney N, Huang Y, Levescot A, Wang Q, Wei K, Cunin P, Li Y, Lederer JA, Zhuang H, Han S, Kim EY, Reeves WH, Nigrovic PA. High-dimensional analysis reveals a pathogenic role of inflammatory monocytes in experimental diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. JCI Insight 2019; 4:129703. [PMID: 31391335 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.129703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a life-threatening pulmonary complication associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, vasculitis, and stem cell transplant. Little is known about the pathophysiology of DAH, and no targeted therapy is currently available. Pristane treatment in mice induces systemic autoimmunity and lung hemorrhage that recapitulates hallmark pathologic features of human DAH. Using this experimental model, we performed high-dimensional analysis of lung immune cells in DAH by mass cytometry and single-cell RNA sequencing. We found a large influx of myeloid cells to the lungs in DAH and defined the gene expression profile of infiltrating monocytes. Bone marrow-derived inflammatory monocytes actively migrated to the lungs and homed adjacent to blood vessels. Using 3 models of monocyte deficiency and complementary transfer studies, we established a central role of inflammatory monocytes in the development of DAH. We further found that the myeloid transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 8 is essential to the development of both DAH and type I interferon-dependent autoimmunity. These findings collectively reveal monocytes as a potential treatment target in DAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Y Lee
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nathan Nelson-Maney
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yuelong Huang
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anaïs Levescot
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Qiang Wang
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin Wei
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pierre Cunin
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yi Li
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - James A Lederer
- Center for Data Sciences, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Haoyang Zhuang
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Shuhong Han
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Edy Y Kim
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Westley H Reeves
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Peter A Nigrovic
- Division of Immunology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Han S, Zhuang H, Lee P, Yang L, Reeves WH. II-10 Role of macrophage-driven autoinflammation in SLE. Innate Immun 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2018-lsm.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Han S, Zhuang H, Shumyak S, Wu J, Xie C, Li H, Yang LJ, Reeves WH. Liver X Receptor Agonist Therapy Prevents Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Murine Lupus by Repolarizing Macrophages. Front Immunol 2018; 9:135. [PMID: 29456535 PMCID: PMC5801423 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of CD138+ phagocytic macrophages with an alternative (M2) phenotype that clear apoptotic cells from tissues is defective in lupus. Liver X receptor-alpha (LXRα) is an oxysterol-regulated transcription factor that promotes reverse cholesterol transport and alternative (M2) macrophage activation. Conversely, hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α (HIF1α) promotes classical (M1) macrophage activation. The objective of this study was to see if lupus can be treated by enhancing the generation of M2-like macrophages using LXR agonists. Peritoneal macrophages from pristane-treated mice had an M1 phenotype, high HIFα-regulated phosphofructokinase and TNFα expression (quantitative PCR, flow cytometry), and low expression of the LXRα-regulated gene ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (Abca1) and Il10 vs. mice treated with mineral oil, a control inflammatory oil that does not cause lupus. Glycolytic metabolism (extracellular flux assays) and Hif1a expression were higher in pristane-treated mice (M1-like) whereas oxidative metabolism and LXRα expression were higher in mineral oil-treated mice (M2-like). Similarly, lupus patients’ monocytes exhibited low LXRα/ABCA1 and high HIF1α vs. controls. The LXR agonist T0901317 inhibited type I interferon and increased ABCA1 in lupus patients’ monocytes and in murine peritoneal macrophages. In vivo, T0901317 induced M2-like macrophage polarization and protected mice from diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH), an often fatal complication of lupus. We conclude that end-organ damage (DAH) in murine lupus can be prevented using an LXR agonist to correct a macrophage differentiation abnormality characteristic of lupus. LXR agonists also decrease inflammatory cytokine production by human lupus monocytes, suggesting that these agents may be have a role in the pharmacotherapy of lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Han
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Haoyang Zhuang
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Stepan Shumyak
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jingfan Wu
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Li-Jun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Westley H Reeves
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Zhuang H, Han S, Li Y, Kienhöfer D, Lee P, Shumyak S, Meyerholz R, Rosadzinski K, Rosner D, Chan A, Xu Y, Segal M, Sobel E, Yang LJ, Hoffmann MH, Reeves WH. A Novel Mechanism for Generating the Interferon Signature in Lupus: Opsonization of Dead Cells by Complement and IgM. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 68:2917-2928. [PMID: 27274010 DOI: 10.1002/art.39781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In vitro studies suggest that the type I interferon (IFN) signature seen in most lupus patients results from Fcγ receptor-mediated uptake of nucleic acid-containing immune complexes by plasmacytoid dendritic cells and engagement of endosomal Toll-like receptors. The aim of this study was to reexamine the pathogenesis of the IFN signature in vivo. METHODS Lupus was induced in mice by injecting pristane. Some mice were treated with normal immunoglobulin or with cobra venom factor to deplete complement. The IFN signature was evaluated by polymerase chain reaction. The IFN signature also was determined in C4-deficient patients and control subjects. RESULTS Wild-type C57BL/6 mice with pristane-induced lupus developed a strong IFN signature, which was absent in immunoglobulin-deficient (μMT), C3-/- , and CD18-/- mice. Intravenous infusion of normal IgM, but not IgG, restored the IFN signature in μMT mice, and the IFN signature in wild-type mice was inhibited by depleting complement, suggesting that opsonization by IgM and complement is involved in IFN production. Consistent with that possibility, the levels of "natural" IgM antibodies reactive with dead cells were increased in pristane-treated wild-type mice compared with untreated controls, and in vivo phagocytosis of dead cells was impaired in C3-deficient mice. To examine the clinical relevance of these findings, we identified 10 C4-deficient patients with lupus-like disease and compared them with 152 C4-intact patients and 21 healthy controls. In comparison with C4-intact patients, C4-deficient patients had a different clinical/serologic phenotype and lacked the IFN signature. CONCLUSION These studies define previously unrecognized roles of natural IgM, complement, and complement receptors in generating the IFN signature in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Li
- University of Florida, Gainesville
| | | | - Pui Lee
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yuan Xu
- University of Florida, Gainesville
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Han S, Zhuang H, Shumyak S, Wu J, Li H, Yang LJ, Reeves WH. A Novel Subset of Anti-Inflammatory CD138 + Macrophages Is Deficient in Mice with Experimental Lupus. J Immunol 2017; 199:1261-1274. [PMID: 28696256 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1700099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dead cells accumulating in the tissues may contribute to chronic inflammation. We examined the cause of impaired apoptotic cell clearance in human and murine lupus. Dead cells accumulated in bone marrow from lupus patients but not from nonautoimmune patients undergoing myeloablation, where they were efficiently removed by macrophages (MΦ). Impaired apoptotic cell uptake by MΦ also was seen in mice treated i.p. with pristane (develop lupus) but not mineral oil (MO) (do not develop lupus). The inflammatory response to both pristane and MO rapidly depleted resident (Tim4+) large peritoneal MΦ. The peritoneal exudate of pristane-treated mice contained mainly Ly6Chi inflammatory monocytes; whereas in MO-treated mice, it consisted predominantly of a novel subset of highly phagocytic MΦ resembling small peritoneal MΦ (SPM) that expressed CD138+ and the scavenger receptor Marco. Treatment with anti-Marco-neutralizing Abs and the class A scavenger receptor antagonist polyinosinic acid inhibited phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by CD138+ MΦ. CD138+ MΦ expressed IL-10R, CD206, and CCR2 but little TNF-α or CX3CR1. They also expressed high levels of activated CREB, a transcription factor implicated in generating alternatively activated MΦ. Similar cells were identified in the spleen and lung of MO-treated mice and also were induced by LPS. We conclude that highly phagocytic, CD138+ SPM-like cells with an anti-inflammatory phenotype may promote the resolution of inflammation in lupus and infectious diseases. These SPM-like cells are not restricted to the peritoneum and may help clear apoptotic cells from tissues such as the lung, helping to prevent chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Han
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; and
| | - Haoyang Zhuang
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; and
| | - Stepan Shumyak
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; and
| | - Jingfan Wu
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; and
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Li-Jun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Westley H Reeves
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610; and
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15
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Zhuang H, Han S, Lee PY, Khaybullin R, Shumyak S, Lu L, Chatha A, Afaneh A, Zhang Y, Xie C, Nacionales D, Moldawer L, Qi X, Yang LJ, Reeves WH. Pathogenesis of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Murine Lupus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2017; 69:1280-1293. [PMID: 28217966 DOI: 10.1002/art.40077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) in lupus patients confers >50% mortality, and the cause is unknown. We undertook this study to examine the pathogenesis of DAH in C57BL/6 mice with pristane-induced lupus, a model of human lupus-associated DAH. METHODS Clinical/pathologic and immunologic manifestations of DAH in pristane-induced lupus were compared with those of DAH in humans. Tissue distribution of pristane was examined by mass spectrometry. Cell types responsible for disease were determined by in vivo depletion using clodronate liposomes and antineutrophil monoclonal antibodies (anti-Ly-6G). The effect of complement depletion with cobra venom factor (CVF) was examined. RESULTS After intraperitoneal injection, pristane migrated to the lung, causing cell death, small vessel vasculitis, and alveolar hemorrhage similar to that seen in DAH in humans. B cell-deficient mice were resistant to induction of DAH, but susceptibility was restored by infusing IgM. C3-/- and CD18-/- mice were also resistant, and DAH was prevented in wild-type mice by CVF. Induction of DAH was independent of Toll-like receptors, inflammasomes, and inducible nitric oxide. Mortality was increased in interleukin-10 (IL-10)-deficient mice, and pristane treatment decreased IL-10 receptor expression in monocytes and STAT-3 phosphorylation in lung macrophages. In vivo neutrophil depletion was not protective, while treatment with clodronate liposomes prevented DAH, which suggests that macrophage activation is central to DAH pathogenesis. CONCLUSION The pathogenesis of DAH involves opsonization of dead cells by natural IgM and complement followed by complement receptor-mediated lung inflammation. The disease is macrophage dependent, and IL-10 is protective. Complement inhibition and/or macrophage-targeted therapies may reduce mortality in lupus-associated DAH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Pui Y Lee
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Li Lu
- University of Florida, Gainesville
| | | | | | | | - Chao Xie
- University of Florida, Gainesville
| | | | | | - Xin Qi
- University of Florida, Gainesville
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Zhang Y, Xie C, Wang H, Foss RM, Clare M, George EV, Li S, Katz A, Cheng H, Ding Y, Tang D, Reeves WH, Yang LJ. Irisin exerts dual effects on browning and adipogenesis of human white adipocytes. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2016; 311:E530-41. [PMID: 27436609 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00094.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To better understand the role of irisin in humans, we examined the effects of irisin in human primary adipocytes and fresh human subcutaneous white adipose tissue (scWAT). Human primary adipocytes derived from 28 female donors' fresh scWAT were used to examine the effects of irisin on browning and mitochondrial respiration, and preadipocytes were used to examine the effects of irisin on adipogenesis and osteogenesis. Cultured fragments of scWAT and perirenal brown fat were used for investigating signal transduction pathways that mediate irisin's browning effect by Western blotting to detect phosphorylated forms of p38, ERK, and STAT3 as well as uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Individual responses to irisin in scWAT were correlated with basal expression levels of brown/beige genes. Irisin upregulated the expression of browning-associated genes and UCP1 protein in both cultured primary mature adipocytes and fresh adipose tissues. It also significantly increased thermogenesis at 5 nmol/l by elevating cellular energy metabolism (OCR and ECAR). Treating human scWAT with irisin increased UCP1 expression by activating the ERK and p38 MAPK signaling. Blocking either pathway with specific inhibitors abolished irisin-induced UCP1 upregulation. However, our results showed that UCP1 in human perirenal adipose tissue was insensitive to irisin. Basal levels of brown/beige and FNDC5 genes correlated positively with the browning response of scWAT to irisin. In addition, irisin significantly inhibited adipogenic differentiation but promoted osteogenic differentiation. We conclude that irisin promotes "browning" of mature white adipocytes by increasing cellular thermogenesis, whereas it inhibits adipogenesis and promotes osteogenesis during lineage-specific differentiation. Our findings provide a rationale for further exploring the therapeutic use of irisin in obesity and exercise-associated bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida; Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chao Xie
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Robin M Foss
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Morgan Clare
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Eva Vertes George
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Shiwu Li
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Adam Katz
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Henrique Cheng
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
| | - Yousong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery, and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Dongqi Tang
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Westley H Reeves
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Li-Jun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida;
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Zuo J, Williams AEG, Park YJ, Choi K, Chan AL, Reeves WH, Bubb MR, Lee YJ, Park K, Stewart CM, Cha S. Muscarinic type 3 receptor autoantibodies are associated with anti-SSA/Ro autoantibodies in Sjögren's syndrome. J Immunol Methods 2016; 437:28-36. [PMID: 27460476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2016.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Anti-muscarinic type 3 receptor autoantibodies (anti-M3R) are reported as potential inhibitors of saliva secretion in Sjögren's syndrome (SjS). However, despite extensive efforts to establish an anti-M3R detection method, there is no clinical test available for these autoantibodies. The purpose of this study was to propose inclusion of anti-M3R testing for SjS diagnosis through investigation of their prevalence using a modified In-Cell Western (ICW) assay. A stable cell line expressing human M3R tagged with GFP (M3R-GFP) was established to screen unadsorbed and adsorbed plasma from primary SjS (n=24), rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n=18), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n=18), and healthy controls (HC, n=23). Anti-M3R abundance was determined by screening for the intensity of human IgG interacting with M3R-GFP cells by ICW assay, as detected by an anti-human IgG IRDye800-conjugated secondary antibody and normalized to GFP. Method comparisons and receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC)-curve analyses were performed to evaluate the diagnostic value of our current approaches. Furthermore, clinical parameters of SjS were also analyzed in association with anti-M3R. Anti-M3R was significantly elevated in SjS plasma in comparison with HC, SLE, or RA (P<0.01). SjS anti-M3R intensities were greater than two-standard deviations above the HC mean for both unadsorbed (16/24, 66.67%) and adsorbed (18/24, 75%) plasma samples. Furthermore, anti-M3R was associated with anti-SjS-related-antigen A/Ro positivity (P=0.0353). Linear associations for anti-M3R intensity indicated positive associations with focus score (R(2)=0.7186, P<0.01) and negative associations with saliva flow rate (R(2)=0.3052, P<0.05). Our study strongly supports our rationale to propose inclusion of anti-M3R for further testing as a non-invasive serological marker for SjS diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zuo
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Adrienne E G Williams
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yun-Jong Park
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Kevin Choi
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Annie L Chan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Westley H Reeves
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Michael R Bubb
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Yun Jong Lee
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungpyo Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Carol M Stewart
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Shumyak S, Yang LJ, Han S, Zhuang H, Reeves WH. "Lupoid hepatitis" in SLE patients and mice with experimental lupus. Clin Immunol 2016; 172:65-71. [PMID: 27430519 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2016.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The unusual subset of patients with severe hepatitis, hypergammaglobulinemia, arthritis, and LE cells in the blood reported by Henry Kunkel and others suggested to these investigators that "lupoid" hepatitis might share pathogenic mechanisms with SLE. More than half a century later, the etiology of autoimmune hepatitis remains unclear. The occurrence of autoimmune hepatitis in a small fraction (about 3%) of SLE patients in our lupus cohort and in two mouse models of SLE supports their conclusion that lupoid hepatitis may be share pathogenic mechanisms with SLE. The development of autoimmune hepatitis in mice with pristane-induced lupus provides an opportunity to further explore the potential link between these two autoimmune disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stepan Shumyak
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610. United States
| | - Li-Jun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, & Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610. United States
| | - Shuhong Han
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610. United States
| | - Haoyang Zhuang
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610. United States
| | - Westley H Reeves
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610. United States.
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Barnes EV, Narain S, Naranjo A, Shuster J, Segal MS, Sobel ES, Armstrong AE, Santiago BE, Reeves WH, Richards HB. High sensitivity C-reactive protein in systemic lupus erythematosus: relation to disease activity, clinical presentation and implications for cardiovascular risk. Lupus 2016; 14:576-82. [PMID: 16175928 DOI: 10.1191/0961203305lu2157oa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), has been used in the assessment of disease activity in numerous rheumatic conditions including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, the utility of hs-CRP measurement in patients with lupus is uncertain. This study examined if hs-CRP can be used to assess disease activity, severity and cardiovascular risk in SLE. Serum samples from 601 visits of 213 SLE patients and 134 controls were analysed for hs-CRP by nephelometry. Detailed demographic data were obtained from all subjects and medication history and key laboratory parameters were collected. Disease activity was assessed using the SLEDAI. High sensitivity CRP was not associated with disease activity (SLEDAI), number of ACR SLE criteria or presence of any particular organ involvement. hs-CRP levels were significantly correlated with standard cardiovascular risk factors including body weight ( P = 0.0002), hypertension ( P = 0.001), and apolipoprotein A-I ( P < 0.0001). Interestingly an inverse correlation was seen between hs-CRP levels and antimalarial use ( P = 0.0018). Our results suggest that measurement of hs-CRP, though not valuable as marker of disease activity in SLE may be of some use in the assessment of cardiovascular risk. We speculate that antimalarials may help to reduce cardiovascular risk in patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Barnes
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0221, USA
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Williams AEG, Choi K, Chan AL, Lee YJ, Reeves WH, Bubb MR, Stewart CM, Cha S. Sjögren's syndrome-associated microRNAs in CD14(+) monocytes unveils targeted TGFβ signaling. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:95. [PMID: 27142093 PMCID: PMC4855899 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-0987-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sjögren’s syndrome (SjS) monocytes have a pro-inflammatory phenotype, which may influence SjS pathogenesis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small endogenously expressed molecules that can inhibit protein expression of their targeted genes and have important functions in regulating cell signaling responses. We profiled miRNAs in SjS monocytes to identify a SjS-specific miRNA profile and determine the potential roles of miRNAs in SjS pathogenesis. Methods Total RNA was extracted from healthy control (HC, n = 10), SjS (n = 18), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n = 10), and rheumatoid arthritis (RA, n = 10) peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes for miRNA microarray analysis. To validate select miRNAs from the microarray analysis, the original cohort and a new cohort of monocyte RNA samples from HC (n = 9), SjS (n = 12), SLE (n = 8), and RA (n = 9) patients were evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. Functional predictions of differentially expressed miRNAs were determined through miRNA target prediction database analyses. Statistical analyses performed included one-way analysis of variance with Bonferroni post tests, linear regression, and receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. Results MiRNAs were predominantly upregulated in SjS monocytes in comparison with controls. Quantitative RT-PCR confirmations supported co-regulation of miR-34b-3p, miR-4701-5p, miR-609, miR-300, miR-3162-3p, and miR-877-3p in SjS monocytes (13/30, 43.3 %) in comparison with SLE (1/17, 5.8 %) and RA (1/18, 5.6 %). MiRNA-target pathway predictions identified SjS-associated miRNAs appear to preferentially target the canonical TGFβ signaling pathway as opposed to pro-inflammatory interleukin-12 and Toll-like receptor/NFkB pathways. Conclusions Our results underscore a novel underlying molecular mechanism where SjS-associated miRNAs may collectively suppress TGFβ signaling as opposed to pro-inflammatory interleukin-12 and Toll-like receptor/NFκB pathways in SjS pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-0987-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne E G Williams
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, P.O. Box 100414, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Kevin Choi
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, P.O. Box 100414, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Annie L Chan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Yun Jong Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Westley H Reeves
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Michael R Bubb
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Carol M Stewart
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, P.O. Box 100414, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Seunghee Cha
- Departments of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, P.O. Box 100414, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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Sukka-Ganesh B, Li Y, Reeves WH, Larkin J. Reduced Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-1 levels in SLE patients correlates to enhanced STAT1 activation. The Journal of Immunology 2016. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.196.supp.124.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Systemic Lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder with unknown etiology. Although the specific events dictating SLE pathology remain unclear, abundant evidence indicates a critical role for dysregulated cytokine signaling in disease progression. Notably, the suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) family of intracellular proteins, in particular the kinase inhibitory region (KIR) bearing SOCS1 and SOCS3, play a critical role in regulating cytokine signaling. Here in this foundational study, we test the hypothesis that regulation of cytokine signaling in SLE patients may be perturbed by a lack of KIR bearing SOCS1 and SOCS3. We analyzed 34 SLE patients, segregated by disease activity (SLEDAI) and prednisone treatment, in comparison with 11 healthy controls. Real time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis showed significant reductions in SOCS1 and SOCS3 in PMBC’s of SLE patients by both mRNA and protein expression when compared to controls. Notably, decreased SOCS1, but not SOCS3 protein levels in the SLE patients were inversely correlated to activation of STAT1, but not Erk 1/2 or Akt. Notably, the inverted SOCS1/pSTAT1 ratio correlated to significantly enhanced MHC class II levels amongst SLE patients. These studies represent a critical first step in implicating a role of SOCS1 and SOCS3 deficiencies in the progression of human SLE, providing impetus for the performance for a larger multi-centered examination. Finally, these studies point to the possibility that peptides, previously shown to mimic SOCS signaling and inhibit rodent autoimmune disease, may have efficacy in the treatment of human SLE.
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22
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Han S, Zhuang H, Xu Y, Lee P, Li Y, Wilson JC, Vidal O, Choi HS, Sun Y, Yang LJ, Reeves WH. Maintenance of autoantibody production in pristane-induced murine lupus. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:384. [PMID: 26717913 PMCID: PMC4718029 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0886-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pristane-treated mice chronically produce high levels of anti-ribonucleoprotein/Smith (anti-Sm/RNP) and other lupus autoantibodies. The present study addressed how these autoantibody levels are maintained over time. Methods Lupus was induced in BALB/c mice using pristane. Naïve B cells, switched memory B cells, switched plasmablasts, and plasma cells were flow-sorted and total IgG and anti-U1A (RNP) autoantibodies were determined with ELISA. Results B cells with a switched “memory-like” (CD19+CD138−IgM−IgD−) (sMB) phenotype were increased in pristane-treated mice and expressed higher levels of Toll like receptor 7 (Tlr7) than cells with this phenotype from untreated mice. Flow-sorted sMB cells from pristane-treated mice did not secrete IgG spontaneously, but were hyper-responsive to both synthetic (R848) and natural (apoptotic cells) TLR7 ligands, resulting in increased IgG production in vitro. The flow-sorted sMB cells also could be driven by R848 to produce IgG anti-U1A autoantibodies. Production of IgG was strongly inhibited by both JSH-23 and SB203580, suggesting that the canonical NFκB and p38 MAPK pathways, respectively, contribute to the TLR7 ligand hyper-responsiveness of sMB from pristane-treated mice. Conclusions The switched memory B cell subset from pristane-treated mice is expanded and shows an increased propensity to undergo terminal (plasma cell) differentiation in response to synthetic and natural TLR7 ligands. The data suggest that the decreased clearance of apoptotic cells characteristic of pristane-treated mice might help maintain high serum levels of anti-RNP/Sm autoantibodies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0886-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Han
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA.
| | - Haoyang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA.
| | - Yuan Xu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA.
| | - Pui Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA. .,Current Address: Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA.
| | - Joseph C Wilson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA.
| | - Osvaldo Vidal
- College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Student Service Center, HPNP Complex, PO Box 100495, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0495, USA.
| | - Hong Seok Choi
- Department of Molecular genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, PO Box 100221, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0221, USA.
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, 1395 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32610-0495, USA. .,Current Address: Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China.
| | - Li-Jun Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, 1395 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32610-0495, USA.
| | - Westley H Reeves
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL, 32610-0275, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, 1395 Center Dr., Gainesville, FL, 32610-0495, USA.
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Xie C, Zhang Y, Tran TDN, Wang H, Li S, George EV, Zhuang H, Zhang P, Kandel A, Lai Y, Tang D, Reeves WH, Cheng H, Ding Y, Yang LJ. Irisin Controls Growth, Intracellular Ca2+ Signals, and Mitochondrial Thermogenesis in Cardiomyoblasts. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0136816. [PMID: 26305684 PMCID: PMC4549318 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0136816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise offers short-term and long-term health benefits, including an increased metabolic rate and energy expenditure in myocardium. The newly-discovered exercise-induced myokine, irisin, stimulates conversion of white into brown adipocytes as well as increased mitochondrial biogenesis and energy expenditure. Remarkably, irisin is highly expressed in myocardium, but its physiological effects in the heart are unknown. The objective of this work is to investigate irisin’s potential multifaceted effects on cardiomyoblasts and myocardium. For this purpose, H9C2 cells were treated with recombinant irisin produced in yeast cells (r-irisin) and in HEK293 cells (hr-irisin) for examining its effects on cell proliferation by MTT [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and on gene transcription profiles by qRT-PCR. R-irisin and hr-irisin both inhibited cell proliferation and activated genes related to cardiomyocyte metabolic function and differentiation, including myocardin, follistatin, smooth muscle actin, and nuclear respiratory factor-1. Signal transduction pathways affected by r-irisin in H9C2 cells and C57BL/6 mice were examined by detecting phosphorylation of PI3K-AKT, p38, ERK or STAT3. We also measured intracellular Ca2+ signaling and mitochondrial thermogenesis and energy expenditure in r-irisin-treated H9C2 cells. The results showed that r-irisin, in a certain concentration rage, could activate PI3K-AKT and intracellular Ca2+ signaling and increase cellular oxygen consumption in H9C2 cells. Our study also suggests the existence of irisin-specific receptor on the membrane of H9C2 cells. In conclusion, irisin in a certain concentration rage increased myocardial cell metabolism, inhibited cell proliferation and promoted cell differentiation. These effects might be mediated through PI3K-AKT and Ca2+ signaling, which are known to activate expression of exercise-related genes such as follistatin and myocardin. This work supports the value of exercise, which promotes irisin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Xie
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States of America
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States of America
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Tran D. N. Tran
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States of America
| | - Hai Wang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States of America
| | - Shiwu Li
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States of America
| | - Eva Vertes George
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States of America
| | - Haoyang Zhuang
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States of America
| | - Peilan Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States of America
| | - Avi Kandel
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States of America
| | - Yimu Lai
- Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of South Carolina of Medicine, Columbia, SC, 29209, United States of America
| | - Dongqi Tang
- Center for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, P. R. China
| | - Westley H. Reeves
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States of America
| | - Henrique Cheng
- Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, United States of America
| | - Yousong Ding
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Center for Natural Products, Drug Discovery and Development, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States of America
- * E-mail: (L-JY); (YD)
| | - Li-Jun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, 32610, United States of America
- * E-mail: (L-JY); (YD)
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Abstract
Human lupus is strongly associated with a gene expression signature characterized by over-expression of Type I interferon-regulated genes. A strong interferon signature generally is not seen in the standard mouse models of lupus, despite considerable evidence for the involvement of toll-like receptor-driven interferon production. In contrast, pristane-induced lupus exhibits a prominent TLR7-dependent interferon signature. Importantly, genetic disorders with dysregulated interferon production in both human beings and mice cause severe autoinflammatory diseases but not the typical manifestations of lupus, suggesting that interferon over-production is insufficient to cause systemic lupus erythematosus itself. Single-gene models in mice suggest that lupus-like disease may result from abnormalities in B-cell activation and the clearance of dead cells. Pristane may mimic human systemic lupus erythematosus by causing synergistic abnormalities in interferon production along with defective clearance of apoptotic cells and over-active B-cell signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Zhuang
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Christopher Szeto
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Shuhong Han
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Westley H Reeves
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
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Han S, Zhuang H, Shumyak S, Yang L, Reeves WH. Mechanisms of autoantibody production in systemic lupus erythematosus. Front Immunol 2015; 6:228. [PMID: 26029213 PMCID: PMC4429614 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2015.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Autoantibodies against a panoply of self-antigens are seen in systemic lupus erythematosus, but only a few (anti-Sm/RNP, anti-Ro/La, anti-dsDNA) are common. The common lupus autoantigens are nucleic acid complexes and levels of autoantibodies can be extraordinarily high. We explore why that is the case. Lupus is associated with impaired central or peripheral B-cell tolerance and increased circulating autoreactive B cells. However, terminal differentiation is necessary for autoantibody production. Nucleic acid components of the major lupus autoantigens are immunostimulatory ligands for toll-like receptor (TLR)7 or TLR9 that promote plasma cell differentiation. We show that the levels of autoantibodies against the U1A protein (part of a ribonucleoprotein) are markedly higher than autoantibodies against other antigens, including dsDNA and the non-nucleic acid-associated autoantigens insulin and thyroglobulin. In addition to driving autoantibody production, TLR7 engagement is likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory disease in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Han
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Haoyang Zhuang
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Stepan Shumyak
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Lijun Yang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Westley H Reeves
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
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Xu Y, Zhuang H, Han S, Liu C, Wang H, Mathews CE, Massini J, Yang L, Reeves WH. Mechanisms of tumor necrosis factor α antagonist-induced lupus in a murine model. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:225-37. [PMID: 25252121 DOI: 10.1002/art.38882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) antagonists are effective for treating rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases, but their use can be complicated by the development of lupus-like phenomena. This study was undertaken to investigate the role of TNFα in a murine model of lupus. METHODS Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7) ligand-driven lupus was induced by injection of pristane into C57BL/6 (B6) mice deficient in TNFα (TNFα(-/-) ) or TNFα-intact B6 mice as wild-type controls. Autoantibody and type I interferon (IFN) production was measured in each group of mice, and the effects of the presence or absence of TNFα on type I IFN-producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells (PDCs), Ly-6C(high) monocytes, and TNFα-producing neutrophils were determined. RESULTS TNFα(-/-) mice did not spontaneously develop autoantibodies or clinical manifestations of lupus, suggesting that TNFα deficiency alone is insufficient to cause lupus. Although the levels of type I IFN were comparable between untreated TNFα(-/-) and wild-type control mice, untreated TNFα(-/-) mice had increased circulating levels of PDCs and PDC-like cells, which enhanced the potential for production of type I IFN. When treated with pristane, TNFα(-/-) mice developed more severe lupus compared to pristane-treated controls, characterized by increased levels of anti-Sm/RNP autoantibodies, type I IFN, PDCs, and peritoneal inflammatory (Ly-6C(high) ) monocytes. In pristane-treated TNFα(-/-) mice, the numbers of neutrophils, a cell type that promotes resolution of inflammation, were decreased considerably, whereas the responses of inflammatory monocytes and PDCs and the production of type I IFN were increased and prolonged. CONCLUSION Low levels of TNFα will increase the number of circulating PDCs in mice, thereby enhancing the potential to produce type I IFN. However, this does not necessarily lead to type I IFN production or autoimmunity unless there is concomitant exposure to endogenous TLR-7 ligands, which are released from dead cells following pristane treatment. In humans, the rate of clearance of dead cells, along with the levels of TNFα, may influence who will develop lupus following treatment with TNFα inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- University of Florida, Gainesville
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Cuenca AG, Joiner DN, Gentile LF, Cuenca AL, Wynn JL, Kelly-Scumpia KM, Scumpia PO, Behrns KE, Efron PA, Nacionales D, Lui C, Wallet SM, Reeves WH, Mathews CE, Moldawer LL. TRIF-dependent innate immune activation is critical for survival to neonatal gram-negative sepsis. J Immunol 2015; 194:1169-77. [PMID: 25548220 PMCID: PMC4297742 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Current evidence suggests that neonatal immunity is functionally distinct from adults. Although TLR signaling through the adaptor protein, MyD88, has been shown to be critical for survival to sepsis in adults, little is known about the role of MyD88 or TRIF in neonatal sepsis. We demonstrate that TRIF(-/-) but not MyD88(-/-) neonates are highly susceptible to Escherichia coli peritonitis and bacteremia. This was associated with decreased innate immune recruitment and function. Importantly, we found that the reverse was true in adults that MyD88(-/-) but not TRIF(-/-) or wild-type adults are susceptible to E. coli peritonitis and bacteremia. In addition, we demonstrate that TRIF but not MyD88 signaling is critical for the TLR4 protective adjuvant effect we have previously demonstrated. These data suggest a differential requirement for the survival of neonates versus adults to Gram-negative infection, and that modulation of TRIF in neonates can be used to augment survival to neonatal sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex G Cuenca
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine and Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Dallas N Joiner
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine and Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Lori F Gentile
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine and Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Angela L Cuenca
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine and Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - James L Wynn
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232
| | - Kindra M Kelly-Scumpia
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine and Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Philip O Scumpia
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine and Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Kevin E Behrns
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine and Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Philip A Efron
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine and Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Dina Nacionales
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine and Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Chao Lui
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida College of Medicine and Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Shannon M Wallet
- University of Florida College of Medicine and Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610; and
| | - Westley H Reeves
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida College of Medicine and Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Clayton E Mathews
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida College of Medicine and Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Lyle L Moldawer
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine and Dentistry, Gainesville, FL 32610;
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Pawar RD, Goilav B, Xia Y, Zhuang H, Herlitz L, Reeves WH, Putterman C. Serum autoantibodies in pristane induced lupus are regulated by neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin. Clin Immunol 2014; 154:49-65. [PMID: 24971701 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The onset of autoantibodies in systemic autoimmunity can be the result of a breakdown in tolerance at multiple checkpoints. Genetic, hormonal, and immunological factors can combine with environmental influences to accelerate the onset of disease and aggravate disease outcome. Here, we describe a novel mechanism relating to the regulatory role of Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) in modulating the levels of autoantibodies in pristane induced lupus. Following a single injection of pristane intraperitoneally, NGAL expression was induced in both the serum and spleen. Furthermore, NGAL deficient mice were more susceptible to the induction of pristane stimulated autoimmunity, and displayed higher numbers of autoantibody secreting cells and increased expression of activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID) and other inflammatory mediators in the spleen. In contrast, kidney damage was milder in NGAL deficient mice, indicating that NGAL was detrimental in autoantibody mediated kidney disease. These studies indicate that NGAL plays differential roles in different tissues in the context of lupus, and suggest a previously unrecognized role for NGAL in adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul D Pawar
- The Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Beatrice Goilav
- The Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Yumin Xia
- The Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Haoyang Zhuang
- The Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Leal Herlitz
- The Department of Pathology, Columbia University Medical Center, NY 10032, USA
| | - Westley H Reeves
- The Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Chaim Putterman
- The Division of Rheumatology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
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Zhuang H, Han S, Xu Y, Li Y, Wang H, Yang LJ, Reeves WH. Toll-like receptor 7-stimulated tumor necrosis factor α causes bone marrow damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:140-51. [PMID: 24449581 DOI: 10.1002/art.38189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To define the pathogenesis of bone marrow (BM) involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) levels, cell death, and cellular damage in BM from SLE patients, controls, and mice with pristane-induced lupus were analyzed using a morphometric technique and immunohistochemistry. The pathogenesis of BM abnormalities was studied in wild-type (WT), TNFα(-/-) , Toll-like receptor-deficient (TLR-7(-/-) ), interferon (IFN)-α/β/ω receptor-knockout (IFNAR(-/-) ), and B cell-deficient (μmt) mice treated with pristane. Flow cytometry was used to examine TNFα production (by intracellular staining) and plasma cell/plasmablast development. CXCL12 expression was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS BM from SLE patients exhibited striking death of niche and hematopoietic cells associated with TNFα overproduction. BM from mice with a type I IFN-mediated lupus syndrome induced by pristane showed similar abnormalities. TNFα was produced mainly by BM neutrophils, many with phagocytosed nuclear material (lupus erythematosus cells). TNFα production was abolished in pristane-treated TLR-7(-/-) and μmt mice but was restored in μmt mice by infusing normal plasma. Pristane-treated WT and IFNAR(-/-) mice developed anemia, BM hypocellularity, and extramedullary hematopoiesis, which were absent in TLR-7(-/-) and TNFα(-/-) mice. Additionally, the expression of CXCL12, which is produced by stromal cells and mediates homing of hematopoietic cells and plasmablasts, was decreased in BM from pristane-treated WT mice but was normal in BM from pristane-treated TNFα(-/-) mice. CONCLUSION Although autoantibodies and glomerulonephritis are type I IFN dependent, lupus-associated BM abnormalities were TLR-7 and TNFα driven but type I IFN independent, suggesting that lupus is a disorder of innate immunity in which TLR-7 activation by phagocytosed nuclei causes relentless type I IFN and TNFα production mediating glomerulonephritis and hematologic involvement, respectively.
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Dominguez-Gutierrez PR, Ceribelli A, Satoh M, Sobel ES, Reeves WH, Chan EKL. Reduced levels of CCL2 and CXCL10 in systemic lupus erythematosus patients under treatment with prednisone, mycophenolate mofetil, or hydroxychloroquine, except in a high STAT1 subset. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R23. [PMID: 24460726 PMCID: PMC3978465 DOI: 10.1186/ar4451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our recent data showed that signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1), adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10) were significantly elevated in a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) cohort compared to healthy donors. High and low STAT1 subsets were identified in SLE patient visits. The present study analyzed the correlation of common treatments used in SLE with the levels of these biomarkers. METHODS Peripheral blood leukocytes were collected from 65 healthy donors and 103 SLE patients, of whom 60 had samples from two or more visits. Total RNA was isolated and analyzed for the expression of mRNA and microRNA using Taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Relative expression of interferon signature genes, CCL2, and CXCL10 were determined by the ΔΔCT method. Results were correlated with therapy using prednisone, mycophenolate mofetil, and hydroxychloroquine and analyzed by Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS CCL2 and CXCL10 were significantly higher in untreated patients compared to treated patients, however, in high STAT1 patient visits there is no significant difference between treated and untreated patients' visits. When comparing linear regression fits of interferon (IFN) score with CCL2 and CXCL10, untreated patients and high STAT1 patients displayed significantly higher slopes compared to treated patients. There was no significant difference between the slopes of high STAT1 and untreated patients indicating that CCL2 and CXCL10 were correlated with type-I IFN in high STAT1 patients similar to that in untreated patients. CCL2 and CXCL10 levels in the high STAT1 subset remained high in treated patient visits compared to those of the low STAT1 subset. CONCLUSIONS Among the biomarkers analyzed, only CCL2 and CXCL10 showed significantly reduced levels in treated compared to untreated SLE patients. STAT1, CCL2, and CXCL10 are potentially useful indicators of therapeutic action in SLE patients. Further work is needed to determine whether high STAT1 levels convey resistance to therapies commonly used to treat SLE and whether STAT1 inhibitors may have therapeutic implication for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Dominguez-Gutierrez
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, USA
- Current address: Department of Urology, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610-0247, USA
| | - Angela Ceribelli
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, USA
- Current address: Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via A. Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Current address: BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Isei-ga-oka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
- School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Isei-ga-oka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Eric S Sobel
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Isei-ga-oka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Westley H Reeves
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Isei-ga-oka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Edward KL Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, USA
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Dominguez-Gutierrez PR, Ceribelli A, Satoh M, Sobel ES, Reeves WH, Chan EKL. Elevated signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 correlates with increased C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 and C-X-C motif chemokine 10 levels in peripheral blood of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16:R20. [PMID: 24451065 PMCID: PMC3978614 DOI: 10.1186/ar4448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The present study examines the levels of recently reported biomarkers, adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2), C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), signal transducers and activators of transcription 1 (STAT1), and miR-146a in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients over multiple visits. METHODS Peripheral blood leukocytes were collected from 65 healthy donors and 103 SLE patients, 60 of whom had samples from 2 or more visits. Total RNA was isolated and analyzed for the expression of mRNA and microRNA using Taqman real time PCR assays. Relative expression of I-IFN signature genes, chemokines, and miR-146a were determined by the ΔΔCT method. Results were correlated with clinical data and analyzed by Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Levels of ADAR, CCL2, CXCL10, and STAT1 in SLE were significantly elevated compared with the healthy controls (P <0.0001). ADAR, CCL2, and CXCL10 showed significant correlation with IFN score in both healthy donors (P <0.0033) and SLE patients (P <0.0001). In SLE patients, miR-146a level was not significantly different from healthy controls nor correlated to the IFN score. Two STAT1 populations were identified: a low STAT1 and a high STAT1 group. High STAT1 patient visits displayed higher (P ≤0.0020) levels of CCL2 and CXCL10 than the low STAT1 patient visits. STAT1 levels correlated with IFN score in low STAT1 group but not in high STAT1 group. More importantly, high STAT1 levels appeared as an enhancer of CCL2 and CXCL10 as indicated by the significantly stronger correlation of CCL2 and CXCL10 with IFN score in high STAT1 patient visits relative to low STAT1 patient visits. CONCLUSION Our data indicate a novel role for STAT1 in the pathogenesis of SLE as an expression enhancer of CCL2 and CXCL10 in SLE patients with high levels of STAT1. Future study is needed to examine the exact role of STAT1 in the etiology of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R Dominguez-Gutierrez
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100424, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, USA
- Current address: Department of Urology, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610-0247, USA
| | - Angela Ceribelli
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100424, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, USA
- Current address: Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via A. Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
- Current address: BIOMETRA Department, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100221, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610-0221, USA
- School of Health Sciences, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, 1-1 Isei-ga-oka, Yahata-nishi-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 807-8555, Japan
| | - Eric S Sobel
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100221, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610-0221, USA
| | - Westley H Reeves
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100221, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610-0221, USA
| | - Edward KL Chan
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100424, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, USA
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Satoh M, Chan EKL, Sobel ES, Kimpel DL, Yamasaki Y, Narain S, Mansoor R, Reeves WH. Clinical implication of autoantibodies in patients with systemic rheumatic diseases. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2014; 3:721-38. [DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.3.5.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Reeves WH, Zhuang H, Xu Y, Han S, Wang H, Yang L. Phenotypic consequences of TLR7-driven interferon and proinflammatory cytokine production in lupus. Arthritis Res Ther 2014. [PMCID: PMC4179536 DOI: 10.1186/ar4643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
Induced mouse models of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) have been developed to complement the spontaneous models. This chapter describes the methods used in the pristane-induced model and the chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) model, both of which have been extensively used. We will also outline the specific mechanisms of systemic autoimmunity that can be best characterized using each of these models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Dominguez-Gutierrez PR, Ceribelli A, Satoh M, Sobel ES, Reeves WH, Chan EKL. Positive correlation of STAT1 and miR-146a with anemia in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. J Clin Immunol 2013; 34:171-80. [PMID: 24292724 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-013-9973-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Anemia is one of the most common hematological manifestations in SLE patients, occurring in about 50% of active cases. STAT1 is a critical signaling molecule required for the production of type-1 interferon (I-IFN), CCL2, and CXCL10, all of which are upregulated in SLE. Overexpression of STAT1 has been described to be involved in anemia in animal models. The aim of this study is to analyze how these components are involved in SLE-associated anemia. METHODS Blood samples were collected from 39 healthy donors and 101 SLE patients fulfilling ACR criteria. Samples were collected from a total of 180 visits (58 patients had 2 or more visits) of which 52 visits included a diagnosis of anemia. Healthy donors had only single visit. Total RNA, isolated from leukocytes, was analyzed by Taqman qPCR. Relative expression levels of I-IFN signature genes, chemokines, and miR-146a were determined by the ΔΔCT method. Results were correlated with clinical data and analyzed by the Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis test and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS Significant increases in IFN score (p < 0.0001), STAT1 (p < 0.0001), miR-146a (p < 0.0005), CCL2 (p = 0.0047), and CXCL10 (p = 0.017), as well as a significant decrease in pri-miR-146a (p = 0.0002), were detected in the anemic SLE patient visits (n = 52) compared to non-anemic SLE visits (n = 128). Regardless of disease activity, lupus nephritis, or race, anemic SLE patients displayed significantly elevated levels of STAT1 and miR-146a compared to non-anemic SLE patients. CONCLUSIONS STAT1 and miR-146a may be upregulated during inflammation and via proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in SLE. Prolonged upregulation of STAT1 and miR-146a appears to play an important role in anemia in SLE patients.
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Wang Q, Wang H, Sun Y, Li SW, Donelan W, Chang LJ, Jin S, Terada N, Cheng H, Reeves WH, Yang LJ. The reprogrammed pancreatic progenitor-like intermediate state of hepatic cells is more susceptible to pancreatic beta cell differentiation. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:3638-48. [PMID: 23750005 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.124925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold great promise for cell therapy. However, their low efficiency of lineage-specific differentiation and tumorigenesis severely hinder clinical translation. We hypothesized that reprogramming of somatic cells into lineage-specific progenitor cells might allow for large-scale expansion, avoiding the tumorigenesis inherent with iPSCs and simultaneously facilitating lineage-specific differentiation. Here we aimed at reprogramming rat hepatic WB cells, using four Yamanaka factors, into pancreatic progenitor cells (PPCs) or intermediate (IM) cells that have characteristics of PPCs. IM clones were selected based on their specific morphology and alkaline phosphatase activity and stably passaged under defined culture conditions. IM cells did not have iPSC properties, could be stably expanded in large quantity, and expressed all 14 genes that are used to define the PPC developmental stage. Directed differentiation of IM and WB cells by Pdx1-Ngn3-MafA (PNM) into pancreatic beta-like cells revealed that the IM cells are more susceptible to directed beta cell differentiation because of their open chromatin configuration, as demonstrated by expression of key pancreatic beta cell genes, secretion of insulin in response to glucose stimulation, and easy access to exogenous PNM proteins at the rat insulin 1 and Pdx1 promoters. This notion that IM cells are superior to their parental cells is further supported by the epigenetic demonstration of accessibility of Pdx1 and insulin 1 promoters. In conclusion, we have developed a strategy to derive and expand PPC cells from hepatic WB cells using conventional cell reprogramming. This proof-of-principal study may offer a novel, safe and effective way to generate autologous pancreatic beta cells for cell therapy of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
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Weinstein JS, Delano MJ, Xu Y, Kelly-Scumpia KM, Nacionales DC, Li Y, Lee PY, Scumpia PO, Yang L, Sobel E, Moldawer LL, Reeves WH. Maintenance of anti-Sm/RNP autoantibody production by plasma cells residing in ectopic lymphoid tissue and bone marrow memory B cells. J Immunol 2013; 190:3916-27. [PMID: 23509349 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1201880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Although ectopic lymphoid tissue formation is associated with many autoimmune diseases, it is unclear whether it serves a functional role in autoimmune responses. 2,6,10,14-Tetramethylpentadecane causes chronic peritoneal inflammation and lupus-like disease with autoantibody production and ectopic lymphoid tissue (lipogranuloma) formation. A novel transplantation model was used to show that transplanted lipogranulomas retain their lymphoid structure over a prolonged period in the absence of chronic peritoneal inflammation. Recipients of transplanted lipogranulomas produced anti-U1A autoantibodies derived exclusively from the donor, despite nearly complete repopulation of the transplanted lipogranulomas by host lymphocytes. The presence of ectopic lymphoid tissue alone was insufficient, as an anti-U1A response was not generated by the host in the absence of ongoing peritoneal inflammation. Donor-derived anti-U1A autoantibodies were produced for up to 2 mo by plasma cells/plasmablasts recruited to the ectopic lymphoid tissue by CXCR4. Although CD4(+) T cells were not required for autoantibody production from the transplanted lipogranulomas, de novo generation of anti-U1A plasma cells/plasmablasts was reduced following T cell depletion. Significantly, a population of memory B cells was identified in the bone marrow and spleen that did not produce anti-U1A autoantibodies unless stimulated by LPS to undergo terminal differentiation. We conclude that 2,6,10,14-tetramethylpentadecane promotes the T cell-dependent development of class-switched, autoreactive memory B cells and plasma cells/plasmablasts. The latter home to ectopic lymphoid tissue and continue to produce autoantibodies after transplantation and in the absence of peritoneal inflammation. However, peritoneal inflammation appears necessary to generate autoreactive B cells de novo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Weinstein
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0221, USA
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Satoh M, Chan JYF, Ross SJ, Li Y, Yamasaki Y, Yamada H, Vazquez-del Mercado M, Petri MH, Jara LJ, Saavedra MA, Cruz-Reyes C, Sobel ES, Reeves WH, Ceribelli A, Chan EKL. Autoantibodies to transcription intermediary factor TIF1β associated with dermatomyositis. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R79. [PMID: 22513056 PMCID: PMC3446453 DOI: 10.1186/ar3802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2012] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Myositis specific autoantibodies are associated with unique clinical subsets and are useful biomarkers in polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM). A 120 kD protein recognized by certain patients with DM was identified and clinical features of patients with this specificity were characterized. Methods The 120 kD protein recognized by a prototype serum was purified and identified by mass spectrometry and immunological methods. Autoantibody to this 120 kD protein was screened in sera from 2,356 patients with various diagnoses from four countries, including 254 PM/DM, by immunoprecipitation of 35S-methionine labeled K562 cell extracts. Clinical information of patients with this specificity was collected. Results The 120 kD protein, which exactly comigrated with PL-12, was identified as transcription intermediary factor TIF1β (TRIM28) by mass spectrometry and validated by immunoassays. By immunofluorescence, anti-TIF1β positivity showed a fine-speckled nuclear staining pattern. Four cases of anti-TIF1β were identified; all are women, one each in a Japanese, African American, Caucasian, and Mexican individual. Three had a diagnosis of DM and one case was classified as having an undifferentiated connective tissue disease with an elevated CPK but without significant muscle symptoms. This individual also had a history of colon cancer, cervical squamous metaplasia and fibroid tumors of the uterus. Myopathy was mild in all cases and resolved without treatment in one case. The anti-TIF1β specificity was not found in other conditions. Conclusions Anti-TIF1β is a new DM autoantibody associated with a mild form of myopathy. Whether it has an association with malignancy, as in the case of anti-TIF1γ, or other unique features will need to be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Satoh
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, P,O,Box 100221, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610-0221, USA.
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Xu Y, Lee PY, Li Y, Liu C, Zhuang H, Han S, Nacionales DC, Weinstein J, Mathews CE, Moldawer LL, Li SW, Satoh M, Yang LJ, Reeves WH. Pleiotropic IFN-dependent and -independent effects of IRF5 on the pathogenesis of experimental lupus. J Immunol 2012; 188:4113-21. [PMID: 22422888 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1103113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Genetic polymorphisms of IFN regulatory factor 5 (IRF5) are associated with an increased risk of lupus in humans. In this study, we examined the role of IRF5 in the pathogenesis of pristane-induced lupus in mice. The pathological response to pristane in IRF5(-/-) mice shared many features with type I IFN receptor (IFNAR)(-/-) and TLR7(-/-) mice: production of anti-Sm/RNP autoantibodies, glomerulonephritis, generation of Ly6C(hi) monocytes, and IFN-I production all were greatly attenuated. Lymphocyte activation following pristane injection was greatly diminished in IRF5(-/-) mice, and Th cell differentiation was deviated from Th1 in wild-type mice toward Th2 in IRF5(-/-) mice. Th cell development was skewed similarly in TLR7(-/-) or IFNAR(-/-) mice, suggesting that IRF5 alters T cell activation and differentiation by affecting cytokine production. Indeed, production of IFN-I, IL-12, and IL-23 in response to pristane was markedly decreased, whereas IL-4 increased. Unexpectedly, plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) were not recruited to the site of inflammation in IRF5(-/-) or MyD88(-/-) mice, but were recruited normally in IFNAR(-/-) and TLR7(-/-) mice. In striking contrast to wild-type mice, pristane did not stimulate local expression of CCL19 and CCL21 in IRF5(-/-) mice, suggesting that IRF5 regulates chemokine-mediated pDC migration independently of its effects on IFN-I. Collectively, these data indicate that altered production of IFN-I and other cytokines in IRF5(-/-) mice prevents pristane from inducing lupus pathology by broadly affecting T and B lymphocyte activation/differentiation. Additionally, we uncovered a new, IFN-I-independent role of IRF5 in regulating chemokines involved in the homing of pDCs and certain lymphocyte subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Xu
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610-0221, USA
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Reeves WH, Zhuang H, Xu Y, Lee P. The 40th Annual Meeting of the Japan Society for Clinical Immunology. Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi 2012; 35:263-379. [PMID: 23445667 DOI: 10.2177/jsci.35.263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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Satoh M, Vazquez-Del Mercado M, Krzyszczak ME, Li Y, Ceribelli A, Burlingame RW, Webb TT, Sobel ES, Reeves WH, Chan EKL. Coexistence of anti-RNA polymerase III and anti-U1RNP antibodies in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: two cases without features of scleroderma. Lupus 2011; 21:68-74. [PMID: 22025191 DOI: 10.1177/0961203311422712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Anti-RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) antibodies are highly specific for scleroderma (SSc) and associated with diffuse SSc and renal crisis. Coexistence of anti-RNAP III and other SSc autoantibodies is rarely documented. We report three cases with coexisting anti-RNAP III and anti-U1RNP. Autoantibodies in 3829 sera from rheumatology clinics were screened by immunoprecipitation. Anti-RNAP III-positive sera were also examined by immunofluorescence and anti-RNAP III ELISA. In total, 35 anti-RNAP III-positive sera were identified by immunoprecipitation, in which three had coexisting anti-U1RNP. All three were anti-RNAP III ELISA positive. Two had anti-RNAP I dominant (vs. RNAP III) reactivity and showed strong nucleolar staining. A case with anti-U1/U2RNP (U2RNP dominant) had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-SSc overlap syndrome; however, the remaining two cases had SLE without signs of SSc. All three cases of anti-RNAP III + U1RNP fulfilled ACR SLE criteria but none in the group with anti-RNAP III alone (p = 0.0002). In contrast, only one case in the former group had sclerodermatous skin changes and Raynaud's phenomenon, vs. 92% with scleroderma in the latter (p < 0.05). Although anti-RNAP III is highly specific for SSc, cases with coexisting anti-U1RNP are not so uncommon among anti-RNAP III positives (8%, 3/35) and may be SLE without features of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Satoh
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA.
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Satoh M, Chan JYF, Ross SJ, Ceribelli A, Cavazzana I, Franceschini F, Li Y, Reeves WH, Sobel ES, Chan EKL. Autoantibodies to survival of motor neuron complex in patients with polymyositis: immunoprecipitation of D, E, F, and G proteins without other components of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:1972-8. [PMID: 21425128 DOI: 10.1002/art.30349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Autoantibodies in the systemic rheumatic diseases are clinically useful biomarkers of the diagnosis or of certain clinical characteristics. An unusual pattern of immunoprecipitation, in which the D, E, F, and G proteins of small nuclear RNPs (snRNP) but without other components of the snRNP, was noticed at the autoantibody screening. The purpose of this study was to examine the target antigens and clinical manifestations associated with this specificity. METHODS Autoantibodies in sera from 1,966 American patients (including 434 with systemic lupus erythematosus, 121 with scleroderma, 86 with polymyositis/dermatomyositis [PM/DM]) and 248 Italian patients with autoimmune diseases were screened by immunoprecipitation of (35) S-methionine-labeled cell extracts. Sera with which D, E, F, and G proteins of snRNP was immunoprecipitated, but without the other snRNP proteins, were further examined by analysis of RNA components by immunoprecipitation (silver staining), Western blotting using survival of motor neuron (SMN) complex, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Three sera that immunoprecipitated D, E, F, and G proteins without other components (U1-70K, A, B'/B, C) of the snRNP were found. Four additional proteins (130 kd, 120 kd, 38 kd, and 33 kd) were also commonly immunoprecipitated. The target antigen was identified as SMN complex (Gemin 3, Gemin 4, SMN, and Gemin 2, respectively), which plays a critical role in the assembly of snRNP. In immunofluorescence analyses, all 3 sera showed nuclear dots (Cajal bodies) and cytoplasmic staining. Only 1 serum was weakly positive on Western blotting of SMN, suggesting that these sera mainly recognize native molecule or quaternary structure. All 3 patients were white women with PM, an interesting finding, since deletion or mutation of SMN is known to cause spinal muscular atrophy. CONCLUSION SMN complex was identified as a new Cajal body autoantigen recognized by sera from white patients with PM. The biologic and clinical significance of anti-SMN autoantibodies will need to be clarified.
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Ceribelli A, Krzyszczak ME, Li Y, Ross SJ, Chan JYF, Chan EKL, Burlingame RW, Webb TT, Bubb MR, Sobel ES, Reeves WH, Satoh M. Atypical clinical presentation of a subset of patients with anti-RNA polymerase III--non-scleroderma cases associated with dominant RNA polymerase I reactivity and nucleolar staining. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R119. [PMID: 21781293 PMCID: PMC3239357 DOI: 10.1186/ar3422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Anti-RNA polymerase III (RNAP III) antibodies are highly specific markers of scleroderma (systemic sclerosis, SSc) and associated with a rapidly progressing subset of SSc. The clinical presentation of anti-RNAP III positive patients, onset of Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) and SSc in unselected patients in a rheumatology clinic were evaluated. Methods Autoantibodies in sera from 1,966 unselected patients (including 434 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 119 SSc, 85 polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM)) in a rheumatology clinic were screened by radioimmunoprecipitation. Anti-RNAP III positive sera were also tested by immunofluorescence antinuclear antibodies and anti-RNAP III ELISA. Medical records of anti-RNAP III positive patients were reviewed. Results Among 21 anti-RNAP III positive patients, 16 met the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) SSc criteria at the initial visit but 5 did not; diagnoses were vasculitis, early polyarthritis, renal failure with RP, interstitial lung disease, and Sjögren's syndrome. The first two patients developed rapidly progressive diffuse SSc. An additional case presented with diffuse scleroderma without RP and RP developed two years later. Anti-RNAP III antibodies in these 6 cases of atypical clinical presentation were compared with those in 15 cases of typical (SSc with RP) cases. Anti-RNAP III levels by ELISA were lower in the former group (P = 0.04 by Mann-Whitney test) and 3 of 6 were negative versus only 1 of 15 negative in the latter (P < 0.05 by Fisher's exact test). Three cases of non-SSc anti-RNAP III positive patients had predominant reactivity with RNAP I with weak RNAP III reactivity and had a strong nucleolar staining. Three anti-RNAP III patients, who did not have RP at the initial visit, developed RP months later. Scleroderma developed prior to RP in 5 out of 16 (31%) in the anti-RNAP III group, but this was rare in patients with other autoantibodies. The interval between the onset of RP to scleroderma was short in anti-RNAP III positive patients. Conclusions Anti-RNAP III antibodies are highly specific for SSc; however, a subset of anti-RNAP III positive patients do not present as typical SSc. The interval between RP and scleroderma in this group is short, and 31% of patients developed scleroderma prior to RP in this group. Anti-RNAP III positive patients may not present as typical SSc and detecting anti-RNAP III may have predictive value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ceribelli
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, 1395 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610-0424, USA
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Sobel ES, Brusko TM, Butfiloski EJ, Hou W, Li S, Cuda CM, Abid AN, Reeves WH, Morel L. Defective response of CD4(+) T cells to retinoic acid and TGFβ in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R106. [PMID: 21708033 PMCID: PMC3218921 DOI: 10.1186/ar3387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2010] [Revised: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 06/27/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction CD25+ FOXP3+ CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are induced by transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and further expanded by retinoic acid (RA). We have previously shown that this process was defective in T cells from lupus-prone mice expressing the novel isoform of the Pbx1 gene, Pbx1-d. This study tested the hypothesis that CD4+ T cells from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients exhibited similar defects in Treg induction in response to TGFβ and RA, and that PBX1-d expression is associated with this defect. Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected from 142 SLE patients and 83 healthy controls (HCs). The frequency of total, memory and naïve CD4+ T cells was measured by flow cytometry on fresh cells. PBX1 isoform expression in purified CD4+ T cells was determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). PBMCs were stimulated for three days with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 in the presence or absence of TGFβ and RA. The expression of CD25 and FOXP3 on CD4+ T cells was then determined by flow cytometry. In vitro suppression assays were performed with sorted CD25+ and CD25- FOXP3+ T cells. CD4+ T cell subsets or their expansion were compared between patients and HCs with two-tailed Mann-Whitney tests and correlations between the frequencies of two subsets were tested with Spearman tests. Results The percentage of CD25- FOXP3+ CD4+ (CD25- Tregs) T cells was greater in SLE patients than in HCs, but these cells, contrary to their matched CD25+ counterparts, did not show a suppressive activity. RA-expansion of TGFβ-induced CD25+ Tregs was significantly lower in SLE patients than in HCs, although SLE Tregs expanded significantly more than HCs in response to either RA or TGFβ alone. Defective responses were also observed for the SLE CD25- Tregs and CD25+ FOXP3- activated CD4+ T cells as compared to controls. PBX1-d expression did not affect Treg induction, but it significantly reduced the expansion of CD25- Tregs and prevented the reduction of the activated CD25+ FOXP3- CD4+ T cell subset by the combination of TGFβ and RA. Conclusions We demonstrated that the induction of Tregs by TGFβ and RA was defective in SLE patients and that PBX1-d expression in CD4+ T cells is associated with an impaired regulation of FOXP3 and CD25 by TGFβ and RA on these cells. These results suggest an impaired integration of the TGFβ and RA signals in SLE T cells and implicate the PBX1 gene in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric S Sobel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610-0275, USA
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Pauley KM, Stewart CM, Gauna AE, Dupre LC, Kuklani R, Chan AL, Pauley BA, Reeves WH, Chan EKL, Cha S. Altered miR-146a expression in Sjögren's syndrome and its functional role in innate immunity. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:2029-39. [PMID: 21469088 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs), small non-coding RNA molecules that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression, are known to play key roles in regulating immune responses and autoimmunity. We investigated miR-146a expression in Sjögren's syndrome (SjS) patients as well as in the SjS-prone C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mouse model, to elucidate its involvement in SjS pathogenesis. Expression of miR-146a was examined in the PBMCs of 25 SjS patients and ten healthy donors, as well as in PBMCs, salivary and lacrimal glands of SjS-prone mice and WT C57BL/6J mice. Functional assays using THP-1 human monocytes were conducted to determine the biological roles of miR-146a in innate immunity. Expression of miR-146a was significantly increased in SjS patients compared with healthy controls, and was upregulated in the salivary glands and PBMCs of the SjS-prone mouse at both 8 wk (prior to disease onset) and 20 wk (full-blown disease) of age. More importantly, functional analysis revealed roles for miR-146a in increasing phagocytic activity and suppressing inflammatory cytokine production while migration, nitric oxide production and expression of antigen-presenting/costimulatory molecules are not affected in human monocytic THP-1 cells. Taken together, our data suggest that abnormal expression/regulation of microRNAs in innate immunity may contribute to, or be indicative of, the initiation and progression of SjS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleb M Pauley
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diagnostic Sciences, University of Florida College of Dentistry, Gainesville, FL, USA
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Satoh M, Krzyszczak ME, Li Y, Ceribelli A, Ross SJ, Chan EKL, Segal MS, Bubb MR, Sobel ES, Reeves WH. Frequent coexistence of anti-topoisomerase I and anti-U1RNP autoantibodies in African American patients associated with mild skin involvement: a retrospective clinical study. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:R73. [PMID: 21569292 PMCID: PMC3218882 DOI: 10.1186/ar3334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The presence of anti-topoisomerase I (topo I) antibodies is a classic scleroderma (SSc) marker presumably associated with a unique clinical subset. Here the clinical association of anti-topo I was reevaluated in unselected patients seen in a rheumatology clinic setting. Methods Sera from the initial visit in a cohort of unselected rheumatology clinic patients (n = 1,966, including 434 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 119 SSc, 85 polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM)) were screened by radioimmunoprecipitation. Anti-topo I-positive sera were also tested with immunofluorescence and RNA immunoprecipitation. Results Twenty-five (15 Caucasian, eight African American, two Latin) anti-topo I positive patients were identified, and all except one met the ACR SSc criteria. Coexistence of other SSc autoantibodies was not observed, except for anti-U1RNP in six cases. When anti-topo I alone versus anti-topo I + U1RNP groups were compared, African American (21% vs. 67%), overlap with SLE (0 vs. 50%; P = 0.009) or PM/DM (0 vs. 33%; P = 0.05) or elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) (P = 0.07) were more common in the latter group. In comparison of anti-topo I-positive Caucasians versus African Americans, the latter more frequently had anti-U1RNP (13% vs. 50%), mild/no skin changes (14% vs. 63%; P = 0.03) and overlap with SLE (0 vs. 38%; P = 0.03) and PM/DM (0 vs. 25%; P = 0.05). Conclusions Anti-topo I detected by immunoprecipitation in unselected rheumatology patients is highly specific for SSc. Anti-topo I coexisting with anti-U1RNP in African American patients is associated with a subset of SLE overlapping with SSc and PM/DM but without apparent sclerodermatous changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoru Satoh
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL, 32610 USA.
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Lee PY, Kumagai Y, Xu Y, Li Y, Barker T, Liu C, Sobel ES, Takeuchi O, Akira S, Satoh M, Reeves WH. IL-1α modulates neutrophil recruitment in chronic inflammation induced by hydrocarbon oil. J Immunol 2010; 186:1747-54. [PMID: 21191074 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1001328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to naturally occurring hydrocarbon oils is associated with the development of chronic inflammation and a wide spectrum of pathological findings in humans and animal models. The mechanism underlying the unremitting inflammatory response to hydrocarbons remains largely unclear. The medium-length alkane 2,6,10,14 tetramethylpentadecane (also known as pristane) is a hydrocarbon that potently elicits chronic peritonitis characterized by persistent infiltration of neutrophils and monocytes. In this study, we reveal the essential role of IL-1α in sustaining the chronic recruitment of neutrophils following 2,6,10,14 tetramethylpentadecane treatment. IL-1α and IL-1R signaling promote the migration of neutrophils to the peritoneal cavity in a CXCR2-dependent manner. This mechanism is at least partially dependent on the production of the neutrophil chemoattractant CXCL5. Moreover, although chronic infiltration of inflammatory monocytes is dependent on a different pathway requiring TLR-7, type I IFN receptor, and CCR2, the adaptor molecules MyD88, IL-1R-associated kinase (IRAK)-4, IRAK-1, and IRAK-2 are shared in regulating the recruitment of both monocytes and neutrophils. Taken together, our findings uncover an IL-1α-dependent mechanism of neutrophil recruitment in hydrocarbon-induced peritonitis and illustrate the interactions of innate immune pathways in chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui Y Lee
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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Kellner ES, Lee PY, Li Y, Switanek J, Zhuang H, Segal MS, Sobel ES, Satoh M, Reeves WH. Endogenous type-I interferon activity is not associated with depression or fatigue in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Neuroimmunol 2010; 223:13-9. [PMID: 20416954 PMCID: PMC3580233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 03/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) often suffer from depression and fatigue in addition to the physical manifestations of the autoimmune disease. Elevated production of type-I interferons (IFN-I) has been found in lupus patients and IFN-I can precipitate a variety of neuropsychiatric side effects. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between dysregulated IFN-I production and the presence of depression or fatigue in lupus patients. Through cross-sectional and longitudinal analysis we found no significant correlation between abnormal IFN-I levels (as measured by peripheral blood expression of IFN-I-stimulated genes) and neuropsychiatric manifestations. Elevation of endogenous serum IFN-I levels is unlikely to account for the depression and fatigue associated with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinn S. Kellner
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Center for Autoimmune Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Pui Y. Lee
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Center for Autoimmune Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Yi Li
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Center for Autoimmune Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Juliana Switanek
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Center for Autoimmune Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Haoyang Zhuang
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Center for Autoimmune Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Mark S. Segal
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Center for Autoimmune Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Eric S. Sobel
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Center for Autoimmune Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Minoru Satoh
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Center for Autoimmune Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Westley H. Reeves
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology and Center for Autoimmune Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
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Li Y, Lee PY, Kellner ES, Paulus M, Switanek J, Xu Y, Zhuang H, Sobel ES, Segal MS, Satoh M, Reeves WH. Monocyte surface expression of Fcgamma receptor RI (CD64), a biomarker reflecting type-I interferon levels in systemic lupus erythematosus. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:R90. [PMID: 20478071 PMCID: PMC2911874 DOI: 10.1186/ar3017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2009] [Revised: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction More than half of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients show evidence of excess type I interferon (IFN-I) production, a phenotype associated with renal disease and certain autoantibodies. However, detection of IFN-I proteins in serum is unreliable, and the measurement of interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) expression is expensive and time consuming. The aim of this study was to identify a surrogate marker for IFN-I activity in clinical samples for monitoring disease activity and response to therapy. Methods Monocyte surface expression of Fcγ receptors (FcγRs), chemokine receptors, and activation markers were analyzed with flow cytometry in whole blood from patients with SLE and healthy controls. FcγR expression also was measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from healthy controls cultured with Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, cytokines, or serum from SLE patients. Expression of ISGs was analyzed with real-time PCR. Results Circulating CD14+ monocytes from SLE patients showed increased surface expression of FcγRI (CD64). The mean fluorescent intensity of CD64 staining correlated highly with the ISG expression (MX1, IFI44, and Ly6E). In vitro, IFN-I as well as TLR7 and TLR9 agonists, induced CD64 expression on monocytes from healthy controls. Exposure of monocytes from healthy controls to SLE sera also upregulated the expression of CD64 in an IFN-I-dependent manner. Decreased CD64 expression was observed concomitant with the reduction of ISG expression after high-dose corticosteroid therapy. Conclusions Expression of CD64 on circulating monocytes is IFN-I inducible and highly correlated with ISG expression. Flow-cytometry analysis of CD64 expression on circulating monocytes is a convenient and rapid approach for estimating IFN-I levels in SLE patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Division of Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Rd, Gainesville, FL 32610-0221, USA.
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