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Nanaw J, Sherchan JS, Fernandez JR, Strassle PD, Powell W, Forde AT. Racial/ethnic differences in the associations between trust in the U.S. healthcare system and willingness to test for and vaccinate against COVID-19. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1084. [PMID: 38641573 PMCID: PMC11027359 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Trust in the healthcare system may impact adherence to recommended healthcare practices, including willingness to test for and vaccinate against COVID-19. This study examined racial/ethnic differences in the associations between trust in the U.S. healthcare system and willingness to test for and vaccinate against COVID-19 during the first year of the pandemic. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from the REACH-US study, a nationally representative online survey conducted among a diverse sample of U.S. adults from January 26, 2021-March 3, 2021 (N = 5,121). Multivariable logistic regression estimated the associations between trust in the U.S. healthcare system (measured as "Always", "Most of the time", "Sometimes/Almost Never", and "Never") and willingness to test for COVID-19, and willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine. Racial/ethnic differences in these associations were examined using interaction terms and multigroup analyses. RESULTS Always trusting the U.S. healthcare system was highest among Hispanic/Latino Spanish Language Preference (24.9%) and Asian (16.7%) adults and lowest among Multiracial (8.7%) and Black/African American (10.7%) adults. Always trusting the U.S. healthcare system, compared to never, was associated with greater willingness to test for COVID-19 (AOR: 3.20, 95% CI: 2.38-4.30) and greater willingness to receive the COVID-19 vaccine (AOR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.97-3.65). CONCLUSIONS Trust in the U.S. healthcare system was associated with greater willingness to test for COVID-19 and receive the COVID-19 vaccine, however, trust in the U.S. healthcare system was lower among most marginalized racial/ethnic groups. Efforts to establish a more equitable healthcare system that increases trust may encourage COVID-19 preventive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy Nanaw
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juliana S Sherchan
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jessica R Fernandez
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paula D Strassle
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Allana T Forde
- Division of Intramural Research, National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Hilliard‐Boone T, Firminger K, Dutta T, Cowans T, DePatie H, Maurer M, Schultz E, Castro‐Reyes P, Richmond A, Muhammad M, Pathak‐Sen E, Powell W. Stakeholder-driven principles for advancing equity through shared measurement. Health Serv Res 2022; 57 Suppl 2:291-303. [PMID: 35802002 PMCID: PMC9660421 DOI: 10.1111/1475-6773.14031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To advance equity by developing stakeholder-driven principles of shared measurement, which is using a common set of measurable goals that reflect shared priorities across communities and systems, such as health care, public health, and human and social services. DATA SOURCES From October 2019 to July 2021, we collected primary data from leaders in cross-systems alignment, measurement, and community engagement-including community members and community-based organization leaders-across the United States. STUDY DESIGN In partnership with equity and community engagement experts, we conducted a mixed-methods study that included multiple formative research activities and culminated in a six-week, stakeholder-engaged modified-Delphi process. DATA COLLECTION Formative data collection occurred through an environmental scan, interviews, focus groups, and an online survey. Principles were developed using a virtual modified Delphi with iterative rapid-analysis. Feedback on the final principles was collected through virtual focus groups, an online feedback form, and during virtual presentations. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We developed a set of five guiding principles. Measurement that aligns systems with communities toward equitable outcomes: (1) Requires upfront investment in communities; (2) Is co-created by communities; (3) Creates accountability to communities for addressing root causes of inequities and repairing harm; (4) Focuses on a holistic and comprehensive view of communities that highlights assets and historical context; and (5) Reflects long-term efforts to build trust. Using an equity-focused process resulted in principles with broad applicability. CONCLUSIONS Leaders across systems and communities can use these shared measurement principles to reimagine and transform how systems create equitable health by centering the needs and priorities of the communities they serve, particularly communities that historically have been harmed the most by inequities. Intentionally centering equity across all project activities was essential to producing principles that could guide others in advancing equity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten Firminger
- Health DivisionAmerican Institutes for ResearchChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Tania Dutta
- Health DivisionAmerican Institutes for ResearchArlingtonVirginiaUSA
| | - Tamika Cowans
- Health DivisionAmerican Institutes for ResearchArlingtonVirginiaUSA
| | - Holly DePatie
- Health DivisionAmerican Institutes for ResearchChicagoIllinoisUSA
| | - Maureen Maurer
- Health DivisionAmerican Institutes for ResearchChapel HillNorth CarolinaUSA
| | | | | | - Al Richmond
- Community‐Campus Partnerships for HealthRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Michael Muhammad
- Center for Participatory ResearchUniversity of New MexicoAlbuquerqueNew MexicoUSA
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Perez A, Manning KJ, Powell W, Barry LC. Cognitive Impairment in Older Incarcerated Males: Education and Race Considerations. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 29:1062-1073. [PMID: 34193384 PMCID: PMC8448974 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess cognitive impairment (global cognition and executive functioning) in older incarcerated males overall, and according to education and race. DESIGN Cross-sectional PARTICIPANTS: The sample included 239 racially diverse (37.7% White, 41.4% Black, 20.9% Hispanic/Other) incarcerated males age ≥50 (mean age = 56.4 ± 6.1; range 50-79 years). MEASUREMENTS Global cognitive impairment assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) - standard MoCA scoring (1-point adjustment for ≤12 years education, and score <26 indicating cognitive impairment) versus education- and race-specific cutpoints. Trail Making Test (TMT) assessed executive functioning. The relationship between race and cognitive impairment was evaluated using Chi-Square, One-Way ANOVA, and Tukey's HSD post-hoc analyses. Chi-Square was also used to evaluate the relationship between race and frequency of missed MoCA items. RESULTS Average MoCA score was 24.12 ± 3.38. Overall, 62.8% and 38.5% of participants met criteria for cognitive impairment using standard scoring and education- and race-specific cutpoints, respectively. This difference was largely attributed to the change in proportion of Blacks who met criteria for cognitive impairment after applying education- and race-specific cutpoints (62.6% versus 19.2%). Fewer White inmates were impaired (51.1% versus 36.7%) after applying demographically-adjusted norms; however, the proportion of Hispanics/Others remained largely unchanged (84% versus 80%). A considerable proportion of participants were mildly impaired on TMT-A (18.2% Whites, 7.1% Blacks) and TMT-B (20.5% Whites, 4.1% Blacks). Race differences were observed in missed MoCA items. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive impairment is common in older incarcerated persons, despite applying education- and race-specific norms. Notable race differences highlight need for validated assessments for this diverse population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Perez
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Kevin J. Manning
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
| | - Wizdom Powell
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry,University of Connecticut Health Disparities Institute
| | - Lisa C. Barry
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry
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Powell W. Commentary on the special issue on disproportionate exposure to trauma: Disrupting single stories, broadening the aperture, and embracing the trauma socioexposome in research with minoritized individuals. J Trauma Stress 2021; 34:1056-1060. [PMID: 34647361 DOI: 10.1002/jts.22747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The theory-driven studies in this special issue of the Journal of Traumatic Stress illustrate the opportunities and inherent methodological complexities that arise in traumatic stress studies when scholars consider the unique social-ecological contexts and exposure histories of minoritized individuals. Moreover, the included articles challenge the field's paradigmatic preoccupation with maladaptive individual trauma responses and invite researchers to shift their attention to the role played by a range of environmental adversities. This commentary is organized around three key recommendations regarding what is needed to enhance future research and treatment among trauma-exposed minoritized populations: (a) disrupt single scientific stories about trauma risk, detection, protection, and resilience; (b) embrace the complexity of the trauma socioexposome; and (c) expand capacity to assess, research, and mitigate syndemic risk. The present commentary describes how these key points are highlighted and underscored in the articles in this special issue, arriving at the conclusion that, more than ever, scholars and clinicians need lenses and methods that can help in assessing and treating the whole person and community from a biopsychosocial perspective when racism contibutes to a complex trauma socioexposome rather than perpetuating scientific and clinical models based only on single stories of isolated individuals confronted by discrete traumatic events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wizdom Powell
- University of Connecticut, Health Disparities Institute, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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5
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Adams LB, Baxter SLK, Lightfoot AF, Gottfredson N, Golin C, Jackson LC, Tabron J, Corbie-Smith G, Powell W. Refining Black men's depression measurement using participatory approaches: a concept mapping study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1194. [PMID: 34158011 PMCID: PMC8220674 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage and risk factors, Black Americans have a lower prevalence of depression than whites. Given the emerging focus of depression as a public mental health crisis, culturally informed depression measures and scale development techniques are needed to better alleviate the mental health burden of socially marginalized populations. Yet, for Black men, race- and gender-related factors that position emotional vulnerability as a sign of weakness, may potentially mask the timely identification of mental health needs in this population. Thus, we address these gaps by employing a stakeholder-driven, community-engaged process for understanding Black men’s depression experience. Methods We use concept mapping, a structured mixed methods approach, to determine how stakeholders of Black men’s health conceptualize their depressive symptoms. Thirty-six stakeholders participated in a three-phase concept mapping study conducted in 2018. Three separate stakeholder groups were engaged for this study, including Black men, Black women, and primary care providers. Results Participants generated 68 characteristics of Black men’s depression which were reflected within five conceptual clusters: (1) physical states; (2) emotional states; (3) diminished drive; (4) internal conflicts; (5) communication with others; and (6) social pressures. Using a content analysis approach, we found that items comprising the “social pressures” cluster were not reflected in any common depression scales. Conclusions Findings from this study illustrate the similar and divergent pathways in which Black men express depressed mood. Furthermore, concept mapping results also yield a novel opportunity for culturally informed scale development in future research. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-021-11137-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie B Adams
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Samuel L K Baxter
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - Alexandra F Lightfoot
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Nisha Gottfredson
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carol Golin
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Division of General Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leron C Jackson
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - James Tabron
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Giselle Corbie-Smith
- Department of Social Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Center for Health Equity Research, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wizdom Powell
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Health Disparities Institute, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA
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Robison J, Powell W, Kenyon-Pesce L. Practical Guidance for Recruiting Older Adults in Clinical Research: Building on Principles of Social Justice and Equity. J Am Geriatr Soc 2020; 68:2757-2758. [PMID: 33075152 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Robison
- Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Wizdom Powell
- Health Disparities Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Powell W, Rech M, Schaaf C, Wrede J. 0968 Sleep-disordered Breathing In Schaaf-yang Syndrome. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Schaaf-Yang Syndrome (SYS) is a genetic disorder caused by truncating variants in the MAGEL2 gene located in the maternally imprinted, paternally expressed Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) region at 15q11-13. The SYS phenotype shares features with PWS, a disorder with known high incidence of central and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However the spectrum of sleep-disordered breathing in SYS has not been described.
Methods
We performed a retrospective analysis of polysomnograms from 22 of the known 115 patients with molecular diagnosis of SYS. Sleep characteristics including total sleep time, latency, efficiency, % sleep stages, apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), obstructive index, central index, and oxygenation were analyzed for the whole group and by truncation location (c.1996dupC variants [n=11] or other locations [n=11]). Only the initial diagnostic study or initial diagnostic portion of a split-night study was used in analysis (analytic n=21).
Results
We collected 33 sleep study reports from 22 patients, ages 2 months - 18.5 years. Mean analyzed sleep time was 357 minutes (129-589 min) with mean sleep efficiency of 71.45% (45-94%) and sleep latency of 24.8 minutes (0-146 min). The mean apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was 19.1/hr (0.9 -49/hr) with mean obstructive AHI of 16.3 (0.6-49/hr). Mean central index was 2.8/hr (0-14/hr). 18/21 (86%) were diagnosed with OSA, and 13/21 (62%) with moderate or severe OSA (oAHI >5/hr). Central sleep apnea was diagnosed in 2/21 (9.5%). 15 studies reported periodic limb movement index (PLMI) with mean of 7.8 (0-67/hr) and 4/15 (26%) with PLMI >5. Comparison of genotype groups did not reveal any difference in presence of OSA or severity of OSA.
Conclusion
OSA is frequently identified on polysomnography in patients with SYS. Central sleep apnea is less common, which is in contrast to PWS. The majority of patients with OSA had moderate or severe OSA, and 47% had severe OSA.
Support
N/A
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Affiliation(s)
- W Powell
- Seattle Children’s Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - M Rech
- The Menninger Clinic, Houston, TX
| | - C Schaaf
- Institute of Human Genetics, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, GERMANY
| | - J Wrede
- Seattle Children’s Hospital/University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Adams LB, Gottfredson N, Lightfoot AF, Corbie-Smith G, Golin C, Powell W. Factor Analysis of the CES-D 12 among a Community Sample of Black Men. Am J Mens Health 2020; 13:1557988319834105. [PMID: 30894043 PMCID: PMC6440056 DOI: 10.1177/1557988319834105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale is one of the most widely used measures for assessing depression in population-based research. Little is known about the varying range of symptomatology expressed by Black men, who report higher chronicity and disability of their depressive symptoms compared to men of other racial and ethnic backgrounds. This study assessed the dimensional structure of the CES-D 12-item scale using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis in a community-based sample of Black men (n = 683). Two latent factors emerged from the scale that best fit the data: interpersonal negative affect (INA) and diminished positive affect (DPA). The item “I felt like everything I did was an effort” was removed from the final measure, resulting in an 11-item scale. The total score for the revised CES-D-11 displayed acceptable internal consistency on both latent factors (Cronbach’s α = 0.83 [INA] and 0.73 [DPA]) and model fit (χ2 = 165.58, TLI = 0.967, CFI = 0.974, RMSEA = 0.065). Results differ from CES-D factor analyses in other demographic groups, including studies with other male subpopulations, such that depressed mood and interpersonal problems factors are merged as a unidimensional construct. Findings suggest that the “effort” item from the CES-D 12 should be interpreted with caution among Black men. Future studies should continue to disentangle the divergent pathways in which Black men express depressed mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie B Adams
- 1 Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,2 Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Nisha Gottfredson
- 1 Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alexandra F Lightfoot
- 1 Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Giselle Corbie-Smith
- 3 Department of Social Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,4 Center for Health Equity Research, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Carol Golin
- 1 Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,5 Department of General Medicine and Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wizdom Powell
- 1 Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,6 Health Disparities Institute, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA
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Allen AM, Wang Y, Chae DH, Price MM, Powell W, Steed TC, Rose Black A, Dhabhar FS, Marquez‐Magaña L, Woods‐Giscombe CL. Cover Image, Volume 1457, Issue 1. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Allen AM, Wang Y, Chae DH, Price MM, Powell W, Steed TC, Black AR, Dhabhar FS, Marquez-Magaña L, Woods-Giscombe CL. Racial discrimination, the superwoman schema, and allostatic load: exploring an integrative stress-coping model among African American women. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2019; 1457:104-127. [PMID: 31403707 PMCID: PMC6904516 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Racial discrimination has been linked to allostatic load (i.e., cumulative biological stress) among African American women. However, limited attention has been given to psychosocial processes involved in the stress response-critical for understanding biological pathways to health-in studies examining racial discrimination as a social determinant of health. We examined whether the superwoman schema (SWS), a multidimensional culture-specific framework characterizing psychosocial responses to stress among African American women, modifies the association between racial discrimination and allostatic load. We used purposive sampling to recruit a community sample of African American women ages 30-50 from five San Francisco Bay Area counties (n = 208). Path analysis was used to test for interactions while accounting for the covariance among SWS subscales using both linear and quadratic models. Significant interactions were observed between racial discrimination and four of the five SWS subscales. Feeling obligated to present an image of strength and an obligation to suppress emotions were each protective whereas feeling an intense motivation to succeed and feeling an obligation to help others exacerbated the independent health risk associated with experiencing racial discrimination. Our findings affirm the need to consider individual variability in coping and potentially other psychosocial processes involved in the stress response process, and offer several insights that may help elucidate the mechanisms by which racial discrimination gets "under the skin."
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani M. Allen
- Divisions of Community Health Sciences and Epidemiology,
University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley,
California
| | - Yijie Wang
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies,
Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - David H. Chae
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, College
of Human Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Melisa M. Price
- Phil R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University
of California, San Francisco, California
| | - Wizdom Powell
- Department of Psychiatry and Health Disparities Institute,
UConn Health
| | - Teneka C. Steed
- Department of Educational Research Methodology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina
| | - Angela Rose Black
- University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Family
Medicine and Community Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Firdaus S. Dhabhar
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Sylvester
Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami,
Florida
| | - Leticia Marquez-Magaña
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, San Francisco
State University, San Francisco, California
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Hoggard LS, Powell W, Upton R, Seaton E, Neblett EW. Racial discrimination, personal growth initiative, and African American men's depressive symptomatology: A moderated mediation model. Cultur Divers Ethnic Minor Psychol 2019; 25:472-482. [PMID: 30816753 DOI: 10.1037/cdp0000264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mounting evidence indicates that racial discrimination is a risk factor for depression among African American men. However, the mechanisms underlying the association between racial discrimination and depressive symptomatology remain unclear. The present study investigated the mediating capacity of personal growth initiative (PGI) in the relation between racial discrimination experiences and depressive symptomatology, as well as whether the proposed mediating relation was moderated by age, education, and income. METHOD Participants included 649 African American men recruited from barbershops in the North, South, West, and Midwest regions of the United States and from academic institutions-events. RESULTS Results revealed significant associations between racial discrimination and a combined latent factor representing depressed affect, interpersonal problems, and somatic complaints but not the latent factor representing positive affect. PGI mediated the association between racial discrimination and depressive symptomatology; however, the mediational pathway was not moderated by age, education, and income. CONCLUSIONS Interventions designed to mitigate the mental health consequences of racial discrimination among African American men might focus on enhancing PGI. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori S Hoggard
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers University-New Brunswick
| | - Wizdom Powell
- Health Disparities Institute, University of Connecticut
| | | | | | - Enrique W Neblett
- Department of Psychology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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12
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Harper J, De Vega J, Swain S, Heavens D, Gasior D, Thomas A, Evans C, Lovatt A, Lister S, Thorogood D, Skøt L, Hegarty M, Blackmore T, Kudrna D, Byrne S, Asp T, Powell W, Fernandez-Fuentes N, Armstead I. Integrating a newly developed BAC-based physical mapping resource for Lolium perenne with a genome-wide association study across a L. perenne European ecotype collection identifies genomic contexts associated with agriculturally important traits. Ann Bot 2019; 123:977-992. [PMID: 30715119 PMCID: PMC6589518 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcy230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) is the most widely cultivated forage and amenity grass species in temperate areas worldwide and there is a need to understand the genetic architectures of key agricultural traits and crop characteristics that deliver wider environmental services. Our aim was to identify genomic regions associated with agriculturally important traits by integrating a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based physical map with a genome-wide association study (GWAS). METHODS BAC-based physical maps for L. perenne were constructed from ~212 000 high-information-content fingerprints using Fingerprint Contig and Linear Topology Contig software. BAC clones were associated with both BAC-end sequences and a partial minimum tiling path sequence. A panel of 716 L. perenne diploid genotypes from 90 European accessions was assessed in the field over 2 years, and genotyped using a Lolium Infinium SNP array. The GWAS was carried out using a linear mixed model implemented in TASSEL, and extended genomic regions associated with significant markers were identified through integration with the physical map. KEY RESULTS Between ~3600 and 7500 physical map contigs were derived, depending on the software and probability thresholds used, and integrated with ~35 k sequenced BAC clones to develop a resource predicted to span the majority of the L. perenne genome. From the GWAS, eight different loci were significantly associated with heading date, plant width, plant biomass and water-soluble carbohydrate accumulation, seven of which could be associated with physical map contigs. This allowed the identification of a number of candidate genes. CONCLUSIONS Combining the physical mapping resource with the GWAS has allowed us to extend the search for candidate genes across larger regions of the L. perenne genome and identified a number of interesting gene model annotations. These physical maps will aid in validating future sequence-based assemblies of the L. perenne genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Harper
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - J De Vega
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - S Swain
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - D Heavens
- Earlham Institute, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK
| | - D Gasior
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - A Thomas
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - C Evans
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - A Lovatt
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - S Lister
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - D Thorogood
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - L Skøt
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - M Hegarty
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - T Blackmore
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - D Kudrna
- Arizona Genomics Institute, School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S Byrne
- Teagasc, Department of Crop Science, Carlow, Ireland
| | - T Asp
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Crop Genetics and Biotechnology, Aarhus University, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - W Powell
- Scotland’s Rural College, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N Fernandez-Fuentes
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - I Armstead
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
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Taggart T, Powell W, Gottfredson N, Ennett S, Eng E, Chatters LM. A Person-Centered Approach to the Study of Black Adolescent Religiosity, Racial Identity, and Sexual Initiation. J Res Adolesc 2019; 29:402-413. [PMID: 31206880 PMCID: PMC6580859 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Decreasing the number of adolescents who have never had sexual intercourse is one way to address sexual health disparities. We used intersectionality to explore the joint effects of religiosity and racial identity on Black adolescent sexual initiation. Data originated from the National Survey of American Life-Adolescent (n = 1,170), a nationally representative study of Black adolescents. Latent profile analysis and survival analysis were used to evaluate study hypotheses. Results showed four distinct profiles of religiosity and racial identity. These profiles explained 19% of the variability in sexual initiation. Additional analyses revealed sociodemographic differences in profile membership. Findings contribute to understanding ethnic heterogeneity among Black adolescents and racial identity and religiosity as sociocultural factors that influence sexual initiation; and support reconceptualizing Black adolescent religiosity.
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Abstract
The contribution of medical mistrust to healthcare utilization delays has gained increased public health attention. However, few studies examine these associations among African-American men, who delay preventive healthcare more often and report higher levels of medical mistrust than non-Hispanic White men. Additionally, studies rarely account for other factors reportedly working in tandem with medical mistrust to increase African-American men's preventive health screening delays (i.e., everyday racism and perceived racism in healthcare). We examined associations between medical mistrust, perceived racism in healthcare, everyday racism, and preventive health screening delays. Analyses were conducted using cross-sectional data from 610 African-American men aged 20 years and older recruited primarily from barbershops in four US regions (2003-2009). Independent variables were medical mistrust (MM), everyday racism (ER), and perceived racism in healthcare (PRH). Dependent variables were self-reported routine checkup, blood pressure screening, and cholesterol screening delays. Using multiple logistic regression and tests for mediation, we calculated odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals to assess associations between the independent and dependent variables. After final adjustment, African-American men with higher MM were significantly more likely to delay blood pressure screenings. Men with more frequent ER exposure were significantly more likely to delay routine checkups and blood pressure screenings. Higher levels of PRH were associated with a significant increased likelihood of delaying cholesterol screening. MM did not mediate associations between ER and screening delays. Increasing preventive health screening among African-American men requires addressing medical mistrust and racism in and outside healthcare institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wizdom Powell
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Health Disparities Institute
| | - Jennifer Richmond
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Health Behavior
| | | | - Irene Yen
- University of California Merced, Public Health Department
| | - Allison Joslyn
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Health Disparities Institute
| | - Giselle Corbie-Smith
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Departments of Social Medicine and Medicine
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15
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Powell W, Steele A, Balasuriya B, Mori S, Cohen D, Starr M. AN AGE-DEPENDENT EXPANSION OF GAMMA DELTA T CELLS IN VISCERAL ADIPOSE TISSUE PROMOTES INFLAMMATION. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - D Cohen
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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16
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Abstract
Despite well-documented benefits of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, African Americans are less likely to be screened and have higher CRC incidence and mortality than Whites. Emerging evidence suggests medical mistrust may influence CRC screening disparities among African Americans. The goal of this systematic review was to summarize evidence investigating associations between medical mistrust and CRC screening among African Americans, and variations in these associations by gender, CRC screening type, and level of mistrust. MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Google Scholar, Cochrane Database, and EMBASE were searched for English-language articles published from January 2000 to November 2016. 27 articles were included for this review (15 quantitative, 11 qualitative and 1 mixed methods study). The majority of quantitative studies linked higher mistrust scores with lower rates of CRC screening among African Americans. Most studies examined mistrust at the physician level, but few quantitative studies analyzed mistrust at an organizational level (i.e. healthcare systems, insurance, etc.). Quantitative differences in mistrust and CRC screening by gender were mixed, but qualitative studies highlighted fear of experimentation and intrusiveness of screening methods as unique themes among African American men. Limitations include heterogeneity in mistrust and CRC measures, and possible publication bias. Future studies should address methodological challenges found in this review, such as limited use of validated and reliable mistrust measures, examination of CRC screening outcomes beyond beliefs and intent, and a more thorough analysis of gender roles in the cancer screening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie B Adams
- Department of Health Behavior, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jennifer Richmond
- Department of Health Behavior, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Giselle Corbie-Smith
- Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Department of Social Medicine, UNC School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wizdom Powell
- Department of Health Behavior, UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Center for Health Equity Research, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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17
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Taggart T, Gottfredson N, Powell W, Ennett S, Chatters LM, Carter-Edwards L, Eng E. The Role of Religious Socialization and Religiosity in African American and Caribbean Black Adolescents' Sexual Initiation. J Relig Health 2018; 57:1889-1904. [PMID: 29564617 PMCID: PMC6473800 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-018-0605-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the nature of the associations between religious socialization, religiosity, and adolescent sexual initiation. Data originated from the National Survey of American Life-Adolescent (n = 1170), a nationally representative study of black adolescents. Factor analysis, structural equation modeling, and logistic regression were used to evaluate hypotheses. Results indicated that as black adolescents received more messages about religious beliefs and practices, their religiosity was greater and, in turn, they were less likely to report sexual initiation; findings varied by ethnicity, gender, and age. Findings contribute to understanding religious socialization and its association with sexual initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Taggart
- Center for Interdisciplinary Research on AIDS, Yale University, 135 College St, Suite #200, New Haven, CT, 06510, USA.
| | - Nisha Gottfredson
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wizdom Powell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Susan Ennett
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Linda M Chatters
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lori Carter-Edwards
- Public Health Leadership Program, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Eugenia Eng
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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18
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Yasuda J, Sasano M, Zegers RGT, Baba H, Bazin D, Chao W, Dozono M, Fukuda N, Inabe N, Isobe T, Jhang G, Kameda D, Kaneko M, Kisamori K, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi N, Kobayashi T, Koyama S, Kondo Y, Krasznahorkay AJ, Kubo T, Kubota Y, Kurata-Nishimura M, Lee CS, Lee JW, Matsuda Y, Milman E, Michimasa S, Motobayashi T, Muecher D, Murakami T, Nakamura T, Nakatsuka N, Ota S, Otsu H, Panin V, Powell W, Reichert S, Sakaguchi S, Sakai H, Sako M, Sato H, Shimizu Y, Shikata M, Shimoura S, Stuhl L, Sumikama T, Suzuki H, Tangwancharoen S, Takaki M, Takeda H, Tako T, Togano Y, Tokieda H, Tsubota J, Uesaka T, Wakasa T, Yako K, Yoneda K, Zenihiro J. Extraction of the Landau-Migdal Parameter from the Gamow-Teller Giant Resonance in ^{132}Sn. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:132501. [PMID: 30312098 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.132501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The key parameter to discuss the possibility of the pion condensation in nuclear matter, i.e., the so-called Landau-Migdal parameter g^{'}, was extracted by measuring the double-differential cross sections for the (p,n) reaction at 216 MeV/u on a neutron-rich doubly magic unstable nucleus, ^{132}Sn with the quality comparable to data taken with stable nuclei. The extracted strengths for Gamow-Teller (GT) transitions from ^{132}Sn leading to ^{132}Sb exhibit the GT giant resonance (GTR) at the excitation energy of 16.3±0.4(stat)±0.4(syst) MeV with the width of Γ=4.7±0.8 MeV. The integrated GT strength up to E_{x}=25 MeV is S_{GT}^{-}=53±5(stat)_{-10}^{+11}(syst), corresponding to 56% of Ikeda's sum rule of 3(N-Z)=96. The present result accurately constrains the Landau-Migdal parameter as g^{'}=0.68±0.07, thanks to the high sensitivity of the GTR energy to g^{'}. In combination with previous studies on the GTR for ^{90}Zr and ^{208}Pb, the result of this work shows the constancy of this parameter in the nuclear chart region with (N-Z)/A=0.11 to 0.24 and A=90 to 208.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Yasuda
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Sasano
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - R G T Zegers
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - H Baba
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - D Bazin
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - W Chao
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Dozono
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - N Fukuda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - N Inabe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Isobe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - G Jhang
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Kameda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Kaneko
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - K Kisamori
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Kobayashi
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Kobayashi
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Kobayashi
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - S Koyama
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y Kondo
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - A J Krasznahorkay
- ATOMKI, Institute for Nuclear Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P. O. Box 51, H-4001 Debrecen, Hungary
| | - T Kubo
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Kubota
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | | | - C S Lee
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - J W Lee
- Department of Physics, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Matsuda
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, 8-9-1 Higashinada, Kobe, Hyogo 658-8501, Japan
| | - E Milman
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
| | - S Michimasa
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Motobayashi
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - D Muecher
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - T Murakami
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - T Nakamura
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - N Nakatsuka
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - S Ota
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Otsu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - V Panin
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - W Powell
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Reichert
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Technical University of Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Sakaguchi
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Sakai
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Sako
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Sato
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Shimizu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Shikata
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - S Shimoura
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - L Stuhl
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Sumikama
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - H Suzuki
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Tangwancharoen
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Takaki
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Takeda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Tako
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
| | - Y Togano
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan
| | - H Tokieda
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - J Tsubota
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 O-Okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan
| | - T Uesaka
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Wakasa
- Department of Physics, Kyushu University, Nishi, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - K Yako
- Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Yoneda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - J Zenihiro
- RIKEN Nishina Center, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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Fleming PJ, Barrington C, Powell W, Gottert A, Lerebours L, Donastorg Y, Brito MO. The Association Between Men's Concern About Demonstrating Masculine Characteristics and Their Sexual Risk Behaviors: Findings from the Dominican Republic. Arch Sex Behav 2018; 47:507-515. [PMID: 27844313 PMCID: PMC5429985 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-016-0880-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative analyses exploring the relationship between masculinities and men's sexual risk behaviors have most commonly used one dimension of masculinities: men's gender ideology. Examining other dimensions may enhance our understanding of and ability to intervene upon this relationship. In this article, we examined the association between gender role conflict/stress (GRC/S)-men's concern about demonstrating masculine characteristics-and three different sexual risk behaviors (having two or more sex partners in the last 30 days; never/inconsistent condom use with non-steady partners; and drinking alcohol at last sex) among a sample of heterosexual men in the Dominican Republic who were participating in an HIV prevention intervention (n = 293). The GRC/S Scale we used was adapted for this specific cultural context and has 17 items (α = 0.75). We used logistic regression to assess the relationship between GRC/S and each sexual behavior, controlling for sociodemographic characteristics. In adjusted models, a higher GRC/S score was significantly associated with increased odds of having two or more sex partners in the past 30 days (AOR 1.33, 95 % CI 1.01-1.74), never/inconsistent condom use with non-steady partners (AOR 1.45, 95 % CI 1.04-2.01), and drinking alcohol at last sex (AOR 1.56, 95 % CI 1.13-2.17). These results highlight the importance of expanding beyond gender ideology to understanding the influence of GRC/S on men's sexual risk behaviors. Interventions should address men's concern about demonstrating masculine characteristics to reduce the social and internalized pressure men feel to engage in sexual risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Fleming
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of Michigan School of Public Health, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2029, USA.
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Clare Barrington
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Wizdom Powell
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Yeycy Donastorg
- HIV Vaccine Trials Unit, Instituto Dermatológico y Cirugía de Piel, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Maximo O Brito
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Richmond J, Powell W, Maurer M, Mangrum R, Gold MR, Pathak-Sen E, Yang M, Carman KL. Public Mistrust of the U.S. Health Care System's Profit Motives: Mixed-Methods Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Gen Intern Med 2017; 32:1396-1402. [PMID: 28875447 PMCID: PMC5698226 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-017-4172-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decision makers are increasingly tasked with reducing health care costs, but the public may be mistrustful of these efforts. Public deliberation helps gather input on these types of issues by convening a group of diverse individuals to learn about and discuss values-based dilemmas. OBJECTIVE To explore public perceptions of health care costs and how they intersect with medical mistrust. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS This mixed-methods study analyzed data from a randomized controlled trial including four public deliberation groups (n = 96) and a control group (n = 348) comprising English-speaking adults aged 18 years and older. Data were collected in 2012 in four U.S. regions. APPROACH We used data from four survey items to compare attitude shifts about costs among participants in deliberation groups to participants in the control group. We qualitatively analyzed deliberation transcripts to identify themes related to attitude shifts and to provide context for quantitative results about attitude shifts. KEY RESULTS Deliberation participants were significantly more likely than control group participants to agree that doctors and patients should consider cost when making treatment decisions (β = 0.59; p < 0.01) and that people should consider the effect on group premiums when making treatment decisions (β = 0.48; p < 0.01). Qualitatively, participants mistrusted the health care system's profit motives (e.g., that systems prioritize making money over patient needs); however, after grappling with patient/doctor autonomy and learning about and examining their own views related to costs during the process of deliberation, they largely concluded that payers have the right to set some boundaries to curb costs. CONCLUSIONS Individuals who are informed about costs may be receptive to boundaries that reduce societal health care costs, despite their mistrust of the health care system's profit motives, especially if decision makers communicate their rationale in a transparent manner. Future work should aim to develop transparent policies and practices that earn public trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Richmond
- Domestic Research and Evaluation, American Institutes for Research, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. .,Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Wizdom Powell
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.,Health Disparities Institute, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, UConn Health, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Maureen Maurer
- Domestic Research and Evaluation, American Institutes for Research, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Rikki Mangrum
- Domestic Research and Evaluation, American Institutes for Research, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Manshu Yang
- Domestic Research and Evaluation, American Institutes for Research, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kristin L Carman
- Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
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Adimora AA, Schoenbach VJ, Cates JR, Cope AB, Ramirez C, Powell W, Agans RP. Changing Attitudes About Concurrency Among Young African Americans: Results of a Radio Campaign. AIDS Educ Prev 2017; 29:330-346. [PMID: 28825864 PMCID: PMC5920565 DOI: 10.1521/aeap.2017.29.4.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We created and evaluated an 8-month campaign of provocative radio ads to change attitudes about concurrent (overlapping) sexual partnerships among young African Americans. We created a concurrency attitude scale and compared its score distributions in independent samples of African Americans, ages 18-34 years, interviewed by telephone before (n = 678) and after (n = 479) the campaign. Pre- and post-campaign samples reflected similar response rates (pre: 32.6%; post: 31.8%) and distributions of personal characteristics. Reported exposure to concurrency messages was greater after the campaign (pre: 6.3%, post: 30.9%), and mean scores indicated less acceptance of concurrency (pre: 3.40 [95% CI 3.23, 3.57]; post: 2.62 [2.46, 2.78]). Score differences were not a function of differences in composition of the samples (adjusted means: pre: 3.37 [3.21, 3.53]; post: 2.62 [2.47, 2.76]). Findings demonstrate that a carefully targeted, intensive mass media campaign can change attitudes about concurrency, which should facilitate behavior change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adaora A. Adimora
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Victor J. Schoenbach
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Joan R. Cates
- School of Media and Journalism, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Anna B. Cope
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Catalina Ramirez
- School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Wizdom Powell
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Robert P. Agans
- UNC Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
- Carolina Survey Research Laboratory, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC
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22
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Reynolds MP, Braun HJ, Cavalieri AJ, Chapotin S, Davies WJ, Ellul P, Feuillet C, Govaerts B, Kropff MJ, Lucas H, Nelson J, Powell W, Quilligan E, Rosegrant MW, Singh RP, Sonder K, Tang H, Visscher S, Wang R. Improving global integration of crop research. Science 2017; 357:359-360. [PMID: 28751598 PMCID: PMC6510290 DOI: 10.1126/science.aam8559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Field laboratories in realistic crop environments are needed
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Reynolds
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico D.F., Mexico.
| | - H J Braun
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | | | - S Chapotin
- U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC, USA
| | - W J Davies
- Global Plant Council and Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - P Ellul
- CGIAR System Organization, Montpellier, France
| | - C Feuillet
- Crop Science Division, Bayer, Morrisville, USA
| | - B Govaerts
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - M J Kropff
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - H Lucas
- Wheat Initiative and National Institute for Agricultural Research, Paris, France
| | - J Nelson
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - W Powell
- Scotland's Rural College, Edinburgh, UK
| | - E Quilligan
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - M W Rosegrant
- International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ravi P Singh
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - K Sonder
- International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center, Mexico D.F., Mexico
| | - H Tang
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S Visscher
- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, Swindon, UK
| | - R Wang
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy
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23
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Mattis JS, Powell W, Grayman NA, Murray Y, Cole-Lewis YC, Goodwill JR. What Would I Know About Mercy? Faith and Optimistic Expectancies Among African Americans. Race Soc Probl 2017; 9:42-52. [PMID: 29057016 PMCID: PMC5650199 DOI: 10.1007/s12552-016-9190-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A small body of research has begun to explore the association between faith and optimism among African Americans. However, missing from the extant work is an examination of the extent to which traditional indices of religious commitment work together with beliefs about God to shape optimism. The present study examines the utility of indices of social location, religious commitment (i.e., early and current religious service attendance, subjective religiosity), belief about the quality of one's relationship with God (i.e., a belief that one is connected to a loving God), and beliefs about being the recipient of divine forgiveness for predicting dispositional optimism among a sample of community residing African American adults (N = 241). Age, subjective religiosity, and organizational religiosity were positively related to optimism in bivariate analyses. Hierarchical regression analyses demonstrated a significant association between age, subjective religiosity, and optimism; however, those associations were eliminated once relationship with God and belief in one's forgiveness by God were entered into the model. Only belief in God's love predicted optimism in multivariate analyses. Serial mediation analyses revealed that beliefs about the quality of one's relationship with God and belief in divine forgiveness fully mediated the relationship between subjective religiosity and optimism, but that the relationship is driven largely by relationship with God. Implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline S Mattis
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Wizdom Powell
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Yasmin C Cole-Lewis
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Janelle R Goodwill
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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24
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Powell W, Banks KH, Mattis JS. Buried hatchets, marked locations: Forgiveness, everyday racial discrimination, and African American men's depressive symptomatology. Am J Orthopsychiatry 2016; 87:646-662. [PMID: 27786503 PMCID: PMC5408301 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Everyday racial discrimination (ERD) is linked to pronounced depressive symptomatology among African American men. Yet, many African American men do not experience depressive symptoms following ERD exposure often because they use positive coping strategies that offset its effects. Granting forgiveness is 1 coping strategy associated with less depression. However, extant findings about the mental health benefits of forgiveness are somewhat mixed and pay scarce attention to offenses which are fleeting, historically rooted, and committed outside of close personal relationships. Evidence further suggest age-related differences in forgiveness, ERD exposure, and depressive symptoms. We explore the extent to which 3 strategies of granting forgiveness of ERD-letting go of negative emotion (negative release), embracing positive emotion (positive embrace), or combining both (combined)-are associated with less depressive symptomatology in 674 African American men (ages 18 through 79). Building on past findings, we also test whether these forgiveness strategies moderate the ERD-depressive symptoms relationship for men in different age groups (18 through 25, 26 through 39, and 40). Higher combined and negative release forgiveness were directly related to lower depressive symptoms among 18 through 25 year olds. We also detected a less pronounced positive relationship between ERD and depressive symptoms among men reporting high levels of combined (18 through 25 and 26 through 39 groups) and negative release (26 through 39 and 40+ groups) forgiveness. We observed a more pronounced positive ERD-depressive symptoms relationship among 18 through 25 and 26 through 39 year olds reporting lower forgiveness. When faced with frequent ERD, younger African American men may have the most difficult time burying hatchets without marking their location but experience more positive mental health benefits when they do. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Wizdom Powell
- Department of Health Behavior, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | | | - Jacqueline S Mattis
- Department of Personality and Social Contexts, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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25
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Abstract
Men's tendency to delay health help-seeking is largely attributed to masculinity, but findings scarcely focus on African American men who face additional race-related, help-seeking barriers. Building principally on reactance theory, we test a hypothesized model situating racial discrimination, masculinity norms salience (MNS), everyday racism (ERD), racial identity, sense of control (SOC), and depressive symptomatology as key barriers to African American men's health help-seeking. A total of 458 African American men were recruited primarily from US barbershops in the Western and Southern regions. The primary outcome was Barriers to Help-Seeking Scale (BHSS) scores. The hypothesized model was investigated with confirmatory factor and path analysis with tests for measurement invariance. Our model fit was excellent [Formula: see text] CFI = 0.99; TLI = 1.00; RMSEA = 0.00, and 90% CI [0.00, 0.07] and operated equivalently across different age, income, and education strata. Frequent ERD and higher MNS contributed to higher BHHS scores. The relationship between ERD exposure and BHHS scores was partially mediated by diminished SOC and greater depressive symptomatology. Interventions aimed at addressing African American men's health help-seeking should not only address masculinity norms but also threats to sense of control, and negative psychological sequelae induced by everyday racism.
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Blackmore T, Thorogood D, Skøt L, McMahon R, Powell W, Hegarty M. Germplasm dynamics: the role of ecotypic diversity in shaping the patterns of genetic variation in Lolium perenne. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22603. [PMID: 26935901 PMCID: PMC4776279 DOI: 10.1038/srep22603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) is the most widely grown temperate grass species globally. Intensive plant breeding in ryegrass compared to many other crops species is a relatively recent exercise (last 100 years) and provides an interesting experimental system to trace the extent, impact and trajectory of undomesticated ecotypic variation represented in modern ryegrass cultivars. To explore germplasm dynamics in Lolium perenne, 2199 SNPs were genotyped in 716 ecotypes sampled from 90 European locations together with 249 cultivars representing 33 forage/amenity accessions. In addition three pseudo-cross mapping populations (450 individual recombinants) were genotyped to create a consensus genetic linkage map. Multivariate analyses revealed strong differentiation between cultivars with a small proportion of the ecotypic variation captured in improved cultivars. Ryegrass cultivars generated as part of a recurrent selection programme (RSP) are strongly associated with a small number of geographically localised Italian ecotypes which were among the founders of the RSP. Changes in haplotype frequency revealed signatures of selection in genes putatively involved in water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) accumulation (a trait selected in the RSP). Retrospective analysis of germplasm in breeding programmes (germplasm dynamics) provides an experimental framework for the identification of candidate genes for novel traits such as WSC accumulation in ryegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Blackmore
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales. SY23 3EE
| | - D. Thorogood
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales. SY23 3EE
| | - L. Skøt
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales. SY23 3EE
| | - R. McMahon
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales. SY23 3EE
| | - W. Powell
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales. SY23 3EE
| | - M. Hegarty
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales. SY23 3EE
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27
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Mulvaney D, Greene W, Powell W, Bates E, Smith B. 023 Beef ambassador programming: A case for coming alongside the beef community to develop agvocacy and leadership skills in youth. J Anim Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.2527/ssasas2015-023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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28
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Sasano M, Yasuda J, Zegers RGT, Baba H, Chao W, Dozono M, Fukuda N, Inabe N, Isobe T, Jhang G, Kamaeda D, Kubo T, Kurata-Nishimura M, Milman E, Motobayashi T, Otsu H, Panin V, Powell W, Sakai H, Sako M, Sato H, Shimizu Y, Stuhl L, Suzuki H, Tangwancharoen S, Takeda H, Uesaka T, Yoneda K, Zenihiro J, Kobayashi T, Sumikama T, Tako T, Nakamura T, Kondo Y, Togano Y, Shikata M, Tsubota J, Yako K, Shimoura K, Ota S, Kawase S, Kubota Y, Takaki M, Michimasa S, Kisamori K, Lee C, Tokieda H, Kobayashi M, Koyama S, Kobayashi N, Wakasa T, Sakaguchi S, Krasznahorkay A, Murakami T, Nakatsuka N, Kaneko M, Matsuda Y, Mucher D, Reichert S, Bazin D, Lee J. Study of Gamow-Teller transitions from 132Sn via the ( p, n) reaction at 220 MeV/u in inverse kinematics. EPJ Web of Conferences 2016. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201610706003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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29
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Blackmore T, Thomas I, McMahon R, Powell W, Hegarty M. Genetic-geographic correlation revealed across a broad European ecotypic sample of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) using array-based SNP genotyping. Theor Appl Genet 2015; 128:1917-1932. [PMID: 26093611 PMCID: PMC4572065 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-015-2556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Publically available SNP array increases the marker density for genotyping of forage crop, Lolium perenne. Applied to 90 European ecotypes composed of 716 individuals identifies a significant genetic-geographic correlation. Grassland ecosystems are ubiquitous across temperate and tropical regions, totalling 37% of the terrestrial land cover of the planet, and thus represent a global resource for understanding local adaptations to environment. However, genomic resources for grass species (outside cereals) are relatively poor. The advent of next-generation DNA sequencing and high-density SNP genotyping platforms enables the development of dense marker assays for population genetics analyses and genome-wide association studies. A high-density SNP marker resource (Illumina Infinium assay) for perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was created and validated in a broad ecotype collection of 716 individuals sampled from 90 sites across Europe. Genetic diversity within and between populations was assessed. A strong correlation of geographic origin to genetic structure was found using principal component analysis, with significant correlation to longitude and latitude (P < 0.001). The potential of this array as a resource for studies of germplasm diversity and identifying traits underpinning adaptive variation is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Blackmore
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, Wales, UK.
| | - I Thomas
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, Wales, UK
| | - R McMahon
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, Wales, UK
| | - W Powell
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, Wales, UK
| | - M Hegarty
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EE, Wales, UK.
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30
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Barua UM, Chalmers KJ, Thomas WT, Hackett CA, Lea V, Jack P, Forster BP, Waugh R, Powell W. Molecular mapping of genes determining height, time to heading, and growth habit in barley (Hordeum vulgare). Genome 2012; 36:1080-7. [PMID: 18470049 DOI: 10.1139/g93-143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A combination of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) markers has been used to locate genes controlling important developmental characters in barley. The denso dwarfing gene has been mapped to the long arm of chromosome 3H. Stepwise multiple regression was also used to identify another region of the barley genome (on chromosome 7H), which contributed to variation in height. The denso locus was shown to be associated with delaying time to heading. A protein (WSP2) and an RAPD marker on barley chromosomes 5H and 6H, respectively, were also associated with time to heading. These results are discussed in relation to the genetic analysis of developmentally important traits and the development of dwarfing genes in barley breeding programs.
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Abstract
Seventy-two accessions, representing 22 species from sections Arachis, Erectoides, Extranervosae, and Triseminalae of the genus Arachis, were screened for seed storage protein polymorphism. Variation was detected between sections, between genome types, between species, and in some cases between different accessions of the same species or different seeds of the same accession. Arachis duranensis and one accession of A. cardenasii were found to have identical protein patterns. The greatest dissimilarity was found between species of the section Extranervosae and species of the section Triseminalae. Those of section Erectoides showed much similarity with some species of section Arachis. Protein polymorphism was shown to distinguish the two subspecies of A. hypogaea (fastigiata and hypogaea) in 27 of 28 cases. The seed protein profile of A. monticola was a combination of seed protein profiles from the two A. hypogaea subspecies. The relatedness between the various species was calculated and those that had the greatest similarity with A. hypogaea were A. spegazzinii and A. batizocoi.
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32
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Swanston JS, Thomas WTB, Powell W, Meyer R, Bringhurst TA, Pearson SY, Brosnan JM, Broadhead A. Assessment of Spirit Yield in Barley Breeding Lines. Journal of the Institute of Brewing 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/j.2050-0416.2000.tb00040.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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33
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Foster SP, Denholm I, Poppy GM, Thompson R, Powell W. Fitness trade-off in peach-potato aphids (Myzus persicae) between insecticide resistance and vulnerability to parasitoid attack at several spatial scales. Bull Entomol Res 2011; 101:659-666. [PMID: 21205398 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485310000623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide-resistant clones of the peach-potato aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), have previously been shown to have a reduced response to aphid alarm pheromone compared to susceptible ones. The resulting vulnerability of susceptible and resistant aphids to attack by the primary endoparasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh), was investigated across three spatial scales. These scales ranged from aphids confined on individual leaves exposed to single female parasitoids, to aphids on groups of whole plants exposed to several parasitoids. In all experiments, significantly fewer aphids from insecticide-susceptible clones became parasitised compared to insecticide-resistant aphids. Investigations of aphid movement showed at the largest spatial scale that more susceptible aphids than resistant aphids moved from their inoculation leaves to other leaves on the same plant after exposure to parasitoids. The findings imply that parasitoids, and possibly other natural enemies, can influence the evolution and dynamics of insecticide resistance through pleiotropic effects of resistance genes on important behavioural traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Foster
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, UK.
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34
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Althoen M, Moreno I, Powell W, Khoury P. Abstract No. 249: Embolization of Large Uterine Fibroids Retrospective Study. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2008.12.244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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35
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Stamati K, Mackay I, Powell W. A quantitative genomic imbalance gene expression assay in a hexaploid species: wheat (Triticum aestivum). Genome 2009; 52:89-94. [DOI: 10.1139/g08-096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Responses to allopolyploidy include unequal expression of duplicated genes, gene silencing, and sometimes genomic rearrangements. In plants, the relationship between allelic expression differences arising from changes in regulatory regions and the resulting phenotype is poorly understood because of the complexity of their genomes and lack of efficient methodology to identify regulatory variation. Identifying functionally important regulatory variation in crops such as hexaploid wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) is in its infancy. More knowledge is required about the contribution of participatory genomes to its transcriptome. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of allelic imbalance assays to quantify relative expression levels across tissues and growth regimes of homoeologous transcripts of the A, B, and D genomes. Polymorphisms in the type I thionins have been used as an example. We show that expression levels vary markedly and interactively over all factors. For this gene, the B genome is the smallest contributor to the transcriptome and the D genome the largest. As additional sequence information is accumulated across genomes, this assay will allow the simple study of relative expression across multiple homeologous loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Stamati
- National Institute for Agricultural Botany (NIAB), Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - I. Mackay
- National Institute for Agricultural Botany (NIAB), Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
| | - W. Powell
- National Institute for Agricultural Botany (NIAB), Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 0LE, UK
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36
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Affiliation(s)
- I. K. Dawson
- International Centre for Research in Agroforestry, United Nations Avenue, PO Box 30677, Nairobi, Kenya,
| | - W. Powell
- Department of Cell and Molecular Genetics, Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
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37
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Traugott M, Bell JR, Broad GR, Powell W, van Veen FJF, Vollhardt IMG, Symondson WOC. Endoparasitism in cereal aphids: molecular analysis of a whole parasitoid community. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:3928-38. [PMID: 18662231 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03878.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Insect parasitoids play a major role in terrestrial food webs as they are highly diverse, exploit a wide range of niches and are capable of affecting host population dynamics. Formidable difficulties are encountered when attempting to quantify host-parasitoid and parasitoid-parasitoid trophic links in diverse parasitoid communities. Here we present a DNA-based approach to effectively track trophic interactions within an aphid-parasitoid food web, targeting, for the first time, the whole community of parasitoids and hyperparasitods associated with a single host. Using highly specific and sensitive multiplex and singleplex polymerase chain reaction, endoparasitism in the grain aphid Sitobion avenae (F) by 11 parasitoid species was quantified. Out of 1061 aphids collected during 12 weeks in a wheat field, 18.9% were found to be parasitized. Parasitoids responded to the supply of aphids, with the proportion of aphids parasitized increasing monotonically with date, until the aphid population crashed. In addition to eight species of primary parasitoids, DNA from two hyperparasitoid species was detected within 4.1% of the screened aphids, with significant hyperparasitoid pressure on some parasitoid species. In 68.2% of the hyperparasitized aphids, identification of the primary parasitoid host was also possible, allowing us to track species-specific parasitoid-hyperparasitoid links. Nine combinations of primary parasitoids within a single host were found, but only 1.6% of all screened aphids were multiparasitized. The potential of this approach to parasitoid food web research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Traugott
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Biomedical Sciences Building, Cardiff University, Museum Avenue, Cardiff, UK.
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38
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Jones H, Leigh FJ, Mackay I, Bower MA, Smith LM, Charles MP, Jones G, Jones MK, Brown TA, Powell W. Population-Based Resequencing Reveals That the Flowering Time Adaptation of Cultivated Barley Originated East of the Fertile Crescent. Mol Biol Evol 2008; 25:2211-9. [DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msn167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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39
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White J, Law JR, MacKay I, Chalmers KJ, Smith JSC, Kilian A, Powell W. The genetic diversity of UK, US and Australian cultivars of Triticum aestivum measured by DArT markers and considered by genome. Theor Appl Genet 2008; 116:439-53. [PMID: 18060539 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-007-0681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 11/13/2007] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The genetic diversity of UK, US and Australian wheat varieties over the period of modern plant breeding is estimated using diversity array technology markers. Diversity is assessed by both genetic distance between varieties, by AMOVA and as the volumes of multi-dimensional convex hulls estimated from principal co-ordinate analysis. At the whole genome level the three populations are genetically distinct; this is also true of the B genome. However, the US and Australian D genomes are found to occupy the same region of diversity space and the A genomes for these countries are partially overlapping. The use of high-density genotyping with a common marker set allows an unprecedented direct comparison between the diversities of the national populations, between individual genomes and the fluctuation of diversity over time. The highest genetic diversity amongst varieties is reported in the Australian population followed by the US, which in turn is more diverse than the UK. However the average diversity of loci is higher in the US set than in the Australian. Non-random fluctuations in genetic diversity over time are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J White
- National Institute of Agricultural Botany, Huntingdon Road, Cambridge, CB3 OLE, UK.
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Woodhead M, Russell J, Squirrell J, Hollingsworth PM, Mackenzie K, Gibby M, Powell W. Comparative analysis of population genetic structure in Athyrium distentifolium (Pteridophyta) using AFLPs and SSRs from anonymous and transcribed gene regions. Mol Ecol 2005; 14:1681-95. [PMID: 15836642 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02543.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
To examine the performance and information content of different marker systems, comparative assessment of population genetic diversity was undertaken in nine populations of Athyrium distentifolium using nine genomic and 10 expressed sequence tag (EST) microsatellite (SSR) loci, and 265 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) loci from two primer combinations. In range-wide comparisons (European vs. North American populations), the EST-SSR loci showed more reliable amplification and produced more easily scorable bands than genomic simple sequence repeats (SSRs). Genomic SSRs showed significantly higher levels of allelic diversity than EST-SSRs, but there was a significant correlation in the rank order of population diversities revealed by both marker types. When AFLPs, genomic SSRs, and EST-SSRs are considered, comparisons of different population diversity metrics/markers revealed a mixture of significant and nonsignificant rank-order correlations. However, no hard incongruence was detected (in no pairwise comparison of populations did different marker systems or metrics detect opposingly significant different amounts of variation). Comparable population pairwise estimates of F(ST) were obtained for all marker types, but whilst absolute values for genomic and EST-SSRs were very similar (F(ST) = 0.355 and 0.342, respectively), differentiation was consistently higher for AFLPs in pairwise and global comparisons (global AFLP F(ST) = 0.496). The two AFLP primer combinations outperformed 18 SSR loci in assignment tests and discriminatory power in phenetic cluster analyses. The results from marker comparisons on A. distentifolium are discussed in the context of the few other studies on natural plant populations comparing microsatellite and AFLP variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Woodhead
- Scottish Crop Research Institute (SCRI), Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA UK
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Foster SP, Denholm I, Thompson R, Poppy GM, Powell W. Reduced response of insecticide-resistant aphids and attraction of parasitoids to aphid alarm pheromone; a potential fitness trade-off. Bull Entomol Res 2005; 95:37-46. [PMID: 15705213 DOI: 10.1079/ber2004336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Response to the alarm pheromone, (E)-beta-farnesene, produced by many species of aphids, was assessed in laboratory bioassays using an aphid pest, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), and its primary endoparasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh). This was done in three separate studies, the first investigating responses of a large number of M. persicae clones carrying different combinations of metabolic (carboxylesterase) and target site (kdr) insecticide resistance mechanisms, and the other two investigating the responses of young virgin female adult parasitoids. In M. persicae, both insecticide resistance mechanisms were associated with reduced repellence suggesting that each has a pleiotropic effect on aphid behaviour. In contrast, D. rapae females were attracted to the alarm pheromone source. The implications of this apparent fitness trade-off for the evolution and dynamics of insecticide resistance, and the potential for using beneficial insects to combat resistance development are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Foster
- Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK.
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Molina-Cano JL, Russell JR, Moralejo MA, Escacena JL, Arias G, Powell W. Chloroplast DNA microsatellite analysis supports a polyphyletic origin for barley. Theor Appl Genet 2005; 110:613-619. [PMID: 15723272 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-004-1878-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2004] [Accepted: 11/10/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Five barley chloroplast DNA microsatellites (cpSSRs) were used to study genetic relationships among a set of 186 barley accessions-34 Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum (HS accessions) from Morocco, Ethiopia, Cyprus, Crete, Libya, Iraq, Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan and Israel, 122 H. vulgare ssp. vulgare landraces (HV landraces) from Spain, Bolivia (old Spanish introductions), Morocco, Libya and Ethiopia and 20 modern European spring barleys (HV cultivars). All loci were polymorphic in the material studied, with the number of alleles per locus ranging from two to three. Fifteen multi-locus haplotypes were observed, 11 in HS accessions and seven in HV landraces and cultivars. Of the seven haplotypes found in the HV lines, three were shared with the HS accessions, and four were unique. Cluster analysis revealed two main groups, one consisting of HS accessions from Ethiopia and the HV landraces from Spain, Bolivia (old Spanish), Morocco and Ethiopia, whereas the other larger group contained all of the other accessions studied. Based on these grouping and the existence of haplotypes found in the HV landraces and cultivars but not in the HS wild barley, a polyphyletic origin is proposed for barley, with further centres of origin in Ethiopia and the Western Mediterranean.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-L Molina-Cano
- Centre UdL-IRTA, Av. Rovira Roure 177, 25189, Lleida, Spain.
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Moralejo M, Swanston JS, Muñoz P, Prada D, Elía M, Russell JR, Ramsay L, Cistué L, Codesal P, Casas AM, Romagosa I, Powell W, Molina-Cano JL. Use of new EST markers to elucidate the genetic differences in grain protein content between European and North American two-rowed malting barleys. Theor Appl Genet 2004; 110:116-125. [PMID: 15551038 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-004-1805-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2004] [Accepted: 08/24/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A population comprising 102 doubled haploid lines were produced from a cross between Beka, a barley cultivar widely grown in Spain, and Logan, a north American cultivar with inherently low protein content, a character considered to derive from the cultivar Karl. The intentions were to determine whether low-nitrogen malting barleys could be developed in Spain, and if genetic factors that influenced protein content were similarly expressed in widely diverse environments, i.e. northeastern Spain and eastern Scotland. An extensive map comprising 187 molecular markers was developed. Expressed sequence-tagged-derived markers were used in addition to anonymous simple sequence repeats to determine the potential for identifying candidate genes for quantitative trait loci (QTLs), and 22 such markers were mapped for the first time. There was transgressive segregation for both yield and protein content, and the gene for low protein from Logan was not expressed in the Scottish environment. In 2002, high yield was associated with earlier heading date in Spain, while late heading at the Scottish site was associated with greater lodging and lower thousand-kernel weight. These appeared to be possible pleiotropic effects of a factor detected on chromosome 2H. Using information from a consensus map, it was shown that this locus on 2H was in the region of the photoperiod response gene Eam6. A QTL explaining 18% of the variation in grain protein content was detected on chromosome 5H in a region in which a gene for nitrate reductase was previously observed. No effect on grain protein was associated with chromosome 6H, which has been suggested as the location of the low protein gene from Karl. However, it is likely that Karl contained more than one genetic factor reducing protein, and we postulate that the gene on 6H may have been lost during the breeding of Logan.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moralejo
- Centre UdL-IRTA, Av. Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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Matus I, Corey A, Filichkin T, Hayes PM, Vales MI, Kling J, Riera-Lizarazu O, Sato K, Powell W, Waugh R. Development and characterization of recombinant chromosome substitution lines (RCSLs) using Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum as a source of donor alleles in a Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare background. Genome 2004; 46:1010-23. [PMID: 14663520 DOI: 10.1139/g03-080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ancestor of barley (Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum) may be a source of novel alleles for crop improvement. We developed a set of recombinant chromosome substitution lines (RCSLs) using an accession of H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum (Caesarea 26-24, from Israel) as the donor and Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare 'Harrington' (the North American malting quality standard) as the recurrent parent via two backcrosses to the recurrent parent, followed by six generations of selfing. Here we report (i) the genomic architecture of the RCSLs, as inferred by simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, and (ii) the effects of H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum genome segment introgressions in terms of three classes of phenotypes: inflorescence yield components, malting quality traits, and domestication traits. Significant differences among the RCSLs were detected for all phenotypes measured. The phenotypic effects of the introgressions were assessed using association analysis, and these were referenced to quantitative trait loci (QTL) reported in the literature. Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum, despite its overall inferior phenotype, contributed some favorable alleles for agronomic and malting quality traits. In most cases, the introgression of the ancestral genome resulted in a loss of desirable phenotypes in the cultivated parent. Although disappointing from a plant breeding perspective, this finding may prove to be a useful tool for gene discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Matus
- Instituto de Investigaciones, Agropecuaria, INIA CRI-Quilamapu, Casilla, Chillán, Chile
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Graham J, Smith K, MacKenzie K, Jorgenson L, Hackett C, Powell W. The construction of a genetic linkage map of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus subsp. idaeus) based on AFLPs, genomic-SSR and EST-SSR markers. Theor Appl Genet 2004; 109:740-9. [PMID: 15127204 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-004-1687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2003] [Accepted: 03/29/2004] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Breeding in raspberry is time-consuming due to the highly heterozygous nature of this perennial fruit crop, coupled with relatively long periods of juvenility. The speed and precision of raspberry breeding can be improved by genetic linkage maps, thus facilitating the development of diagnostic markers for polygenic traits and the identification of genes controlling complex phenotypes. A genetic linkage map (789 cM) of the red raspberry Rubus idaeus has been constructed from a cross between two phenotypically different cultivars; the recent European cultivar Glen Moy and the older North American cultivar Latham. SSR markers were developed from both genomic and cDNA libraries from Glen Moy. These SSRs, together with AFLP markers, were utilised to create a linkage map. In order to test the utility of the genetic linkage map for QTL analysis, morphological data based on easily scoreable phenotypic traits were collected. The segregation of cane spininess, and the root sucker traits of density and spread from the mother plant, was quantified in two different environments. These traits were analysed for significant linkages to mapped markers using MapQTL and were found to be located on linkage group 2 for spines and group 8 for density and diameter. The availability of co-dominant markers allowed heterozygosities to be calculated for both cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Graham
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK.
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Provan J, Wolters P, Caldwell KH, Powell W. High-resolution organellar genome analysis of Triticum and Aegilops sheds new light on cytoplasm evolution in wheat. Theor Appl Genet 2004; 108:1182-90. [PMID: 15067406 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1538-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2003] [Accepted: 11/10/2003] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We have utilised polymorphic chloroplast microsatellites to analyse cytoplasmic relationships between accessions in the genera Triticum and Aegilops. Sequencing of PCR products revealed point mutations and insertions/deletions in addition to the standard repeat length expansion/contraction which most likely represent ancient synapomorphies. Phylogenetic analyses revealed three distinct groups of accessions. One of these contained all the non- Aegilops speltoides S-type cytoplasm species, another comprised almost exclusively A, C, D, M, N, T and U cytoplasm-type accessions and the third contained the polyploid Triticum species and all the Ae. speltoides accessions, further confirming that Ae. speltoides or a closely related but now extinct species was the original B-genome donor of cultivated polyploid wheat. Successive decreases in levels of genetic diversity due to domestication were also observed. Finally, we highlight the importance of elucidating longer-term evolutionary processes operating at microsatellite repeat loci.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Provan
- School of Biology and Biochemistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, BT9 7BL, Belfast, Northern Ireland.
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Graham J, Hein I, Russell J, Woodhead M, Gordon S, Smith K, Jorgensen L, Brennan R, Powell W. THE USE OF GENOMICS TECHNOLOGIES IN CONTEMPORARY RUBUS ABD RIBES BREEDING PROGRAMMES. Acta Hortic 2004:319-322. [DOI: 10.17660/actahortic.2004.649.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Squirrell J, Woodhead M, Hollingsworth P, Russell J, Gibby M, Powell W. Isolation of Polymorphic Microsatellite Markers for the Alpine Lady Fern, Athyrium Distentifolium Tausch ex Opiz, from an Enriched Genomic Library. CONSERV GENET 2004. [DOI: 10.1023/b:coge.0000030027.93459.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Wardrop J, Fuller J, Powell W, Machray GC. Exploiting plant somatic radiation hybrids for physical mapping of expressed sequence tags. Theor Appl Genet 2004; 108:343-8. [PMID: 14513221 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-003-1434-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2003] [Accepted: 08/12/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Methods are described for the optimisation of the generation of radiation hybrids suitable for physical mapping of a plant (barley) genome. A combination of PCR-based technologies, involving the use of whole genome, mixed primer and hemi-nested primer amplifications, can greatly extend their utility for the physical mapping of expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Using panels of hybrids and ESTs, donor DNA retention and individual marker retention frequencies for the expressed portion of the barley genome in the hybrids were estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wardrop
- Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
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Moose D, Lourie D, Powell W, Pehrsson B, Martin D, LaMar T, Alexander J. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: Minimally Invasive Bariatric Surgery for the Superobese in the Community Hospital Setting. Am Surg 2003. [DOI: 10.1177/000313480306901103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) operation has become a popular choice for weight-reduction surgery. We report an outcome analysis of our early results with laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for superobese (BMI >50) patients. Between January 2000 and October 2001, we operated on 71 superobese patients. The mean body mass index (BMI) of patients at time of surgery was 57 kg/m2. The prospectively collected data included patient demographics, comorbidities, operative times, postoperative weight loss, and complications. Conversion to open gastric bypass was required in one patient. The overall complication rate was 10 per cent. Preoperative comorbidities were resolved or improved in 93 per cent of patients at 1-year postoperative. Average operative time and length of hospital stay were 196 minutes and 2.3 days, respectively. Mean percentage excess weight loss at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months was 27 per cent, 39 per cent, 49 per cent, and 55 per cent, respectively. Mean BMI decreased to 36 kg/m2 over a 12-month period. Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery for superobese patients as performed in the community hospital setting can be both safe and effective with respect to overall postoperative course, early weight loss, and reduction of comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Moose
- From the Department of Surgery, Huntington Hospital, Pasadena, California
| | - D. Lourie
- From the Department of Surgery, Huntington Hospital, Pasadena, California
| | - W. Powell
- From the Department of Surgery, Huntington Hospital, Pasadena, California
| | - B. Pehrsson
- From the Department of Surgery, Huntington Hospital, Pasadena, California
| | - D. Martin
- From the Department of Surgery, Huntington Hospital, Pasadena, California
| | - T. LaMar
- From the Department of Surgery, Huntington Hospital, Pasadena, California
| | - J. Alexander
- From the Department of Surgery, Huntington Hospital, Pasadena, California
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