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Shou Y, Jing J. Mycosis fungoides. QJM 2023; 116:1035-1036. [PMID: 37498541 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Shou
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - J Jing
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Shou Y, Hu L, Zhang C, Xu S, Jin Q, Huang L, Li B, Yuan L, Xu S, Zhang K, Jiang H, Zhang B. Efficacy of acupuncture at three nasal acupoints plus acupoint application for perennial allergic rhinitis: A multicenter, randomized controlled trial protocol. Trials 2020; 21:110. [PMID: 31992367 PMCID: PMC6986062 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-4039-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have shown the potential therapeutic effect of acupuncture on allergic rhinitis. Most of these studies were limited by low-quality evidence. Preliminary experiments showed that the use of acupuncture at three nasal acupoints plus acupoint application (AAP) achieves a more persistent effect in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis than acupuncture alone. In this study, a multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial will be performed, in which acupuncture at nonmeridian acupoints and sham AAP will be used as the control group to evaluate the effect of AAP through long-term observation. METHODS The trial is designed on the basis of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials 2010 guidelines and Standards for Reporting Interventions in Controlled Trials of Acupuncture. A total of 120 participants with perennial allergic rhinitis will be randomly assigned to a treatment or control group. A specially appointed investigator will be in charge of randomization. The participants in the treatment group will be treated with acupuncture at EX-HN3, LI20, and EX-HN8 thrice per week for a total of 12 sessions. In addition, they will undergo AAP at DU14, BL13, EX-BI, and RN22. The participants in the control group will be treated with sham AAP. The primary outcome will be the change in the Total Nasal Symptom Score from baseline to the completion of 4-week treatment. Secondary outcomes include changes in visual analog scale and total non-nasal symptom scores from baseline to the second and fourth weeks of treatment, as well as 1, 3, and 6 months after the completion of treatment. Peripheral blood IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 levels will be measured, and any side effects related to treatment will be observed and recorded. DISCUSSION It is expected that this randomized clinical trial will provide evidence to determine the effects of AAP compared with acupuncture at nonmeridian acupoints and sham AAP, particularly the long-term effect. These findings will help improve the clinical application of this technique. TRIAL REGISTRATION Acupuncture-Moxibustion Clinical Trial Registry AMCTR-ICR-18000179. Registered on 12 April 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shou
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Acumox and Tuina Research Section, College of Acumox and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Hu
- Acumox and Tuina Research Section, College of Acumox and Tuina, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuihong Zhang
- Shanghai Research Institute of Acupuncture and Meridians, Shanghai, China
| | - Shifen Xu
- Acupuncture Department, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jin
- Acupuncture Department, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Huang
- Acupuncture Department, Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Shanghai University of TCM, Shanghai, China
| | - Bingrong Li
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Yuan
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Siwei Xu
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiyong Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huiru Jiang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Bimeng Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Shou Y, Ma YH, Hu L, Xu P, Zhang WB, Gao Y, Zhang BM. [Exosomes and their roles in diabetes mellitus and its complications: from pathogenic, diagnostic and therapeutical perspectives]. Sheng Li Xue Bao 2019; 71:917-934. [PMID: 31879747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Exosome is a kind of nanoscale-size extracellular vesicles secreted by the means of cell active stimulation with outer membrane structure of vacuoles corpuscle. It can carry and transfer a lot of biological molecules, such as DNA fragments, circular RNA (circRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), microRNA (miRNA), functional proteins, transcription factors, etc., so as to achieve the goal of information transmission between cells. The relationship between exosomes and diabetes has received extensive attention in recent years. The exosomes play an important role in insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis and vascular endothelial function. This paper reviews the role of exosomes in the occurrence and development of diabetes and its complications, and discusses the role and prospect of exosomes as a target for diabetes treatment and its role in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shou
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
- Acu-Mox and Moxibustion College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yu-Hang Ma
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Li Hu
- Acu-Mox and Moxibustion College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Acu-Mox and Moxibustion College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei-Bo Zhang
- Acu-Mox and Moxibustion College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Acu-Mox and Moxibustion College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Bi-Meng Zhang
- Department of Acupuncture-Moxibustion, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200080, China.
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Zhang KY, Xu SW, Yang Y, Shou Y, Jiang HR, Zhang BM. Clinical study of optimizing acupoint combining in treatment of bronchial asthma with acupoint application. J Acupunct Tuina Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-019-1134-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Liu P, Zhang BM, Zong L, Hu ZH, Shou Y, Li BR, Yuan L, Xu SW, Yang Y, Zhang KY, Jiang HR. Therapeutic efficacy observation on acupuncture for persistent allergic rhinitis. J Acupunct Tuina Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-018-1036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Zhang KY, Yang Y, Xu SW, Shou Y, Jiang HR, Zhang BM. [A case-control study on the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome with needle Dao]. Zhongguo Gu Shang 2018; 31:497-499. [PMID: 29945401 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-0034.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study clinical effects of needle Dao for the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. METHODS From July 2014 to December 2016, 60 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome were divided into two groups: needle Dao treatment group(treatment group), and brace and medicine treatment group(control group), 30 cases in each group. There were 8 males and 22 females in the treatment group, with an average age of (49.38±7.43) years old. There were 7 males and 23 females in the control group, with an average age of (50.23±8.71) years old. There were no statistically significant differences between two groups before treatment in age, sex, course of disease, sensory nerve conduction velocity (SCV), sensory nerve action potential (SNAP), and distal motor latency(DML). The patients in the treatment group were treated with needle Dao for 1 to 2 times, while the patients in the control group were given celecoxib, vitamin B1 and vitamin B12, with the brace fixed. After treatment, the changes of SCV, SNAP and DML in two groups were observed. RESULTS After treatment, the SCV were (48.63±7.33) m/s and (41.24±6.15) m/s in treatment group and control group separately, the SNAP were (9.89±3.71) m/s and (8.22±2.19) m/s, and the DML were(5.11±2.28) m/s and (6.13±2.23) m/s. The SCV, SNAP and DML after treatment were better than those before treatment(P<0.05). And the results of SCV, SNAP and DML of patients in the treatment group were better than those of patients in the control group(P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Needle Dao can effectively improve the overall treatment efficiency of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome and reduce the symptoms of patients, which is feasible and suitable to use in clinical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Yong Zhang
- The First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yang Yang
- The First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Si-Wei Xu
- The First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yin Shou
- The First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Hui-Ru Jiang
- The First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Bi-Meng Zhang
- The First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China;
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Li BR, Shou Y, Zhang BM, Liu P, Yuan L, Xu SW, Yang Y, Zhang KY, Jiang HR. Clinical progress on moxibustion in preventing and treating adverse effects of surgery or chemoradiotherapy for breast cancer. J Acupunct Tuina Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-018-1035-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Jiang HR, Liu SJ, Liu P, Xu SW, Yang Y, Zhang KY, Shou Y, Zhang BM. Acupuncture for dry eye syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Acupunct Tuina Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-017-1011-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kaplan J, Gordon L, Infante J, Popat R, Rambaldi A, Madan S, Patel M, Gritti G, El-Sharkawi D, Chau I, Radford J, Perez De Oteyza J, Zinzani P, Iyer S, Faucette S, Sheldon-Waniga E, Stumpo K, Shou Y, Carpio C, Bosch F. TAK-659, AN INVESTIGATIONAL REVERSIBLE DUAL SYK/FLT-3 INHIBITOR, IN PATIENTS WITH LYMPHOMA: UPDATED RESULTS FROM DOSE-ESCALATION AND EXPANSION COHORTS OF a PHASE 1 STUDY. Hematol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2437_60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Kaplan
- Department of Medicine; Northwestern University; Chicago USA
| | - L. Gordon
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago USA
| | - J. Infante
- Drug Development Unit; Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology; Nashville USA
| | - R. Popat
- NIHR Clinical Research Facility; UCLH; London UK
| | - A. Rambaldi
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-Oncologia / Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit; Università degli Studi di Milano / Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXII; Bergamo Italy
| | - S. Madan
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-Oncologia/Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit; Università degli Studi di Milano/Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII; Bergamo Italy
| | - M.R. Patel
- Hematology-Oncology; Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Sarasota USA
| | - G. Gritti
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit; Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII; Bergamo Italy
| | - D. El-Sharkawi
- Haematology; NIHR UCLH Clinical Research Facility; London UK
| | - I. Chau
- Department of Medicine; Royal Marsden Hospital; Surrey UK
| | - J. Radford
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust; Manchester UK
| | | | - P. Zinzani
- Hematology, Institute of Hematology “Seragnoli”; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - S. Iyer
- Advanced Therapeutics, Institute of Academic Medicine; Houston Methodist Cancer Center; Houston USA
| | - S. Faucette
- Clinical Pharmacology; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co.; Cambridge USA
| | | | - K. Stumpo
- Oncology Clinical Research; Takeda Pharmaceuticals; Cambridge USA
| | - Y. Shou
- Oncology Clinical Research; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co.; Cambridge USA
| | - C. Carpio
- Hematology; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Barcelona Spain
| | - F. Bosch
- Hematology; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Barcelona Spain
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Walsh E, Shou Y, Han J, Brinker JK. Development and Validation of a Chinese Language Version of the Ruminative Thought Styles Questionnaire. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0734282917696937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Ruminative Thought Styles Questionnaire (RTS) conceptualizes rumination as repetitive, recurrent, intrusive, and uncontrollable thinking. This article outlines the development and validation of a Chinese language version of the RTS, the RTS-CH. Following independent translation, back translation, and final translation checking, the factor structure, convergent and divergent validity, and item-level congruence of the RTS-CH was examined and improved. The resultant scale showed equivalence to the RTS and had attractive psychometric properties. The RTS-CH is the first Chinese language rumination measure that does not have inherently negative or depressive content.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Walsh
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Y. Shou
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - J. Han
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - J. K. Brinker
- Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
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Assouline SE, Chang J, Cheson BD, Rifkin R, Hamburg S, Reyes R, Hui AM, Yu J, Gupta N, Di Bacco A, Shou Y, Martin P. Phase 1 dose-escalation study of IV ixazomib, an investigational proteasome inhibitor, in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma. Blood Cancer J 2014; 4:e251. [PMID: 25325301 PMCID: PMC4220649 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2014.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Ixazomib is an investigational proteasome inhibitor that has shown preclinical activity in lymphoma models. This phase 1 study assessed the safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and preliminary activity of intravenous (IV) ixazomib in relapsed/refractory lymphoma patients who had received ⩾2 prior therapies. Thirty patients with a range of histologies received ixazomib 0.125−3.11 mg/m2 on days 1, 8 and 15 of 28-day cycles. Patients received a median of two cycles (range 1−36). MTD was determined to be 2.34 mg/m2. Most common drug-related adverse events (AEs) included fatigue (43%), diarrhea (33%), nausea, vomiting and thrombocytopenia (each 27%). Drug-related grade ⩾3 AEs included neutropenia (20%), thrombocytopenia (13%) and diarrhea (10%). Drug-related peripheral neuropathy occurred in four (13%) patients; no grade ⩾3 events were reported. Plasma exposure increased dose proportionally from 0.5−3.11 mg/m2; terminal half-life was 4−12 days after multiple dosing. Of 26 evaluable patients, five achieved responses: 4/11 follicular lymphoma patients (one complete and three partial responses) and 1/4 peripheral T-cell lymphoma patients (partial response). Sustained responses were observed with ⩾32 cycles of treatment in two heavily pretreated follicular lymphoma patients. Results suggest weekly IV ixazomib is generally well tolerated and may be clinically active in relapsed/refractory lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Assouline
- Department of Oncology, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - J Chang
- Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - B D Cheson
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - R Rifkin
- Rocky Mountain Cancer Center, Denver, CO, USA
| | - S Hamburg
- Tower Cancer Research Foundation, Beverly Hills, CA, USA
| | - R Reyes
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - A-M Hui
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Yu
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - N Gupta
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - A Di Bacco
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Y Shou
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co., Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - P Martin
- Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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Xu SW, Zhang BM, Zhou JM, Hu ZH, Pan CA, Wang Y, Shou Y, Yang Y, Liu MM. Clinical observation on acupuncture plus acupoint sticking for bronchial asthma in remissive state. J Acupunct Tuina Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s11726-013-0720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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le Coutre PD, Giles FJ, Hochhaus A, Apperley JF, Ossenkoppele GJ, Blakesley R, Shou Y, Gallagher NJ, Baccarani M, Cortes J, Kantarjian HM. Nilotinib in patients with Ph+ chronic myeloid leukemia in accelerated phase following imatinib resistance or intolerance: 24-month follow-up results. Leukemia 2011; 26:1189-94. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Snyder LA, Honea N, Coons SW, Eschbacher J, Smith KA, Spetzler RF, Sanai N, Groves MD, DeGroot J, Tremont I, Forman A, Kang S, Pei BL, Julie W, Schultz D, Yuan Y, Guha N, Hwu WJ, Papadopoulos N, Camphausen K, Yung WA, Ryken T, Johnston SK, Graham C, Grimm S, Colman H, Raizer J, Chamberlain MC, Mrugala MM, Adair JE, Beard BC, Silbergeld DL, Rockhill JK, Kiem HP, Lee EQ, Batchelor TT, Lassman AB, Schiff DS, Kaley TJ, Wong ET, Mikkelsen T, Purow BW, Drappatz J, Norden AD, Beroukhim R, Weiss S, Alexander BM, Sceppa C, Gerard M, Hallisey SD, Bochacki CA, Smith KH, Muzikansky AM, Wen PY, Peereboom DM, Mikkelson T, Sloan AE, Rich JN, Supko JG, Ye X, Brewer C, Lamborn K, Prados M, Grossman SA, Zhu JJ, Recht LD, Colman H, Kesari S, Kim LJ, Balch AH, Pope CC, Brulotte M, Beelen AP, Chamberlain MC, Wong ET, Ram Z, Gutin PH, Stupp R, Marsh J, McDonald K, Wheeler H, Teo C, Martin L, Palmer L, Rodriguez M, Buckland M, Koh ES, Back M, Robinson B, Joseph D, Nowak AK, Saito R, Sonoda Y, Yamashita Y, Kanamori M, Kumabe T, Tominaga T, Rodon J, Tawbi HA, Thomas AL, Amakye DD, Granvil C, Shou Y, Dey J, Buonamici S, Dienstmann R, Mita AC, Dummer R, Hutterer M, Martha N, Sabine E, Thaddaus G, Florian S, Christine M, Stefan O, Richard G, Martin M, Johanna B, Jochen T, Ullrich H, Wolfgang W, Peter V, Gunther S, Field KM, Cher L, Wheeler H, Hovey E, Nowak AK, Simes J, Sawkins K, France T, Brown C, Nicholas MK, Chmura S, Paleologos N, Krouwer H, Malkin M, Junck L, Vick NA, Lukas RV, Jaeckle KA, Anderson SK, Kosel M, Sarkaria J, Brown P, Flynn PJ, Buckner JC, Galanis E, Batchelor T, Grossman S, Brem S, Lesser G, Voloschin A, Nabors LB, Mikkelsen T, Desideri S, Supko J, Peereboom D, Westphal M, Pietsch T, Bach F, Heese O, Vredenburgh JJ, Desjardins A, Reardon DA, Peters KB, Kirkpatrick JP, Herndon JE, Coan AD, Bailey L, Janney D, Lu C, Friedman HS, Desjardins A, Reardon DA, Peters KB, Herndon JE, Gururangan S, Norfleet J, Friedman HS, Vredenburgh JJ, Lassman AB, Kaley TJ, DeAngelis LM, Hormigo A, Mellinghoff IK, Otap DD, Seger J, Doyle LA, Ludwig E, Lacouture ME, Panageas KS, Rezazadeh A, LaRocca RV, Vitaz TW, Villanueva WG, Hodes J, Haysley L, Pertschuk D, Cloughesy TF, Chang SM, Aghi MK, Vogelbaum MA, Liau LM, Shafa B, Jolly DJ, Ibanez CE, Perez OD, Robbins JM, Gruber HE, Maher EA, Stewart C, Hatanpaa K, Raisanen J, Mashimo T, Yang XL, Muralidhara C, Madden C, Ramachandran A, Mickey B, Bachoo R. ONGOING CLINICAL TRIALS. Neuro Oncol 2011; 13:iii85-iii91. [PMCID: PMC3199166 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
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Saglio G, Kantarjian H, Reiffers J, Jootar S, Kalaycio ME, Shibayama H, Fan X, Gallagher NJ, Shou Y, Larson RA, Hughes TP, Hochhaus A. The incidence of BCR-ABL mutations in patients (pts) with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in chronic phase (CP) treated with nilotinib or imatinib in ENESTnd: 24-month follow-up. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.6502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Tawbi HA, Rodon Ahnert J, Dummer R, Thomas AL, Granvil C, Shou Y, Dey J, Mita MM, Amakye DD, Mita AC. Phase I study of LDE225 in advanced solid tumors: Updated analysis of safety, preliminary efficacy, and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic correlation. J Clin Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2011.29.15_suppl.3062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Fair JM, Nemeth NM, Taylor-McCabe KJ, Shou Y, Marrone BL. Clinical and acquired immunologic responses to West Nile virus infection of domestic chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus). Poult Sci 2011; 90:328-36. [PMID: 21248329 DOI: 10.3382/ps.2010-00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous bird species are highly susceptible to North American strains of West Nile virus (WNV), and although domestic chickens are relatively resistant to WNV-associated disease, this species currently represents the most practical avian model for immune responses to WNV infection. Knowledge of the immunomodulation of susceptibility to WNV in birds is important for understanding taxonomic differences in infection outcomes. While focusing on immunophenotyping of CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+), and CD45(+) lymphocyte subpopulations, we compared lymphocyte subpopulations, blood chemistries, cloacal temperatures, IgM and IgG antibody titers, and differential whole-blood cell counts of WNV-infected and uninfected hens. Total blood calcium and lymphocyte numbers were lower in WNV-infected chickens compared with uninfected chickens. The heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio increased over time from 2 to 22 d postinoculation (DPI) in uninfected chickens and from 2 to 8 DPI in WNV-infected chickens, although levels declined from 8 to 22 DPI in the latter group. No significant differences were found in the remaining immunological and hematological variables of the WNV-infected and uninfected groups. Our results reaffirm that chickens are resistant to WNV infection, and demonstrated that the heterophil-to-lymphocyte ratio differed between groups, allowing for sorting of infection status. Similar patterns in immune responses over time in both infected and uninfected hens may be related to age (i.e., 10 wk) and associated immune development.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Fair
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Biosecurity and Public Health, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
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Shou Y, Zhao YQ, Xu MS, Ge LB. [Effects of repeated electroacupuncture on gene expression of cannabinoid receptor-1 and dopamine 1 receptor in nucleus accumbens-caudate nucleus region in inflammatory-pain rats]. Zhen Ci Yan Jiu 2011; 36:18-22. [PMID: 21585053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of repeated electroacupuncture (EA) on the expression of cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB 1) mrRNA and dopamine 1 receptor (D 1) mRNA in Nucleus Accumbens (NAC)-Caudate Nucleus (CN) region in inflammatory-pain rats, so as to study its underlying mechanism in analgesia. METHODS A total of 30 SD rats were randomized into normal control, model, EA, EA+ AM 251 and WIN 55212-2 groups, with 6 cases in each group. EA (2 Hz/100 Hz, 1 -3 mA) was applied to "Zusanli"(ST 36) and "Kunlun"(BL 60) for 30 min, once every other day, and 4 sessions all together. Arthritis model was established by injection of Freund's complete adjuvant 0.05 mL in the rat's left ankle. Thermal pain threshold (paw withdrawal latency, PWL) was detected before and after modeling and after repeated EA and/or intraperitoneal injection of AM 251(an inverse antagonist at the CB 1 cannabinoid receptor, 0. 1 mg/100 g) and WIN 55212-2 (a potent cannabinoid receptor agonist, 0. 2 mg/100 g). The expression of CB 1 receptor mRNA and D 1 receptor mRNA in the NAC-CN region was measured by real time fluorescence quantitative-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the pain threshold values of the model group was decreased significantly (P<0.01). In comparison with the model group, the pain threshold values of the EA group and WIN 55212-2 group were increased considerably on day 10 (P<0. 01). No significant differences were found between the EA+ AM 251 and model groups and between the EA and WIN 55212-2 groups in PWL after the treatment (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, both CB 1 R mRNA and D 1 R mRNA expression levels in the model group were increased slightly, while in comparison with the model group and EA+ AM 251 group, CB 1 R mRNA and D 1 R mRNA expression levels in the EA group and WIN 55212-2 group were upregulated obviously. No significant differences were found between the EA + AM 251 and model groups and between the EA and WIN 55212-2 groups in CB 1 R mRNA and D 1 R mRNA expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yin Shou
- Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Shanghai University of Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China.
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Kim D, Saglio G, Martinelli G, Shou Y, Stein AM, Woodman RC, Kantarjian H, Hughes TP, Radich JP, Hochhaus A. BCR-ABL transcript analysis of patients (pts) with imatinib-resistant or -intolerant chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) treated with nilotinib. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.6567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Rose K, Robinson D, Sharp T, Nicholas S, Haider A, Ostrom L, Vattay A, Dorsch M, Shou Y, Barrett JC. Gene expression analysis in human hair bulbs as a potential pharmacodynamic readout in the LDE225 clinical program. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.3092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Hochhaus A, Saglio G, Kantarjian H, Haque A, Shou Y, Woodman RC, Hughes TP, Radich JP, Martinelli G, Kim D. Detection of new mutations in patients (pts) with imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML-CP) treated with nilotinib. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.6516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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22
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Branford S, Martinelli G, Saglio G, Kim D, Shou Y, Reynolds J, Woodman RC, Kantarjian H, Hochhaus A, Radich JP. Association of early molecular response to nilotinib with probability of cytogenetic response in chronic myeloid leukemia patients (pts) who fail imatinib. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.6513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Rodon Ahnert J, Baselga J, Tawbi HA, Shou Y, Granvil C, Dey J, Mita MM, Thomas AL, Amakye DD, Mita AC. A phase I dose-escalation study of LDE225, a smoothened (Smo) antagonist, in patients with advanced solid tumors. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.2500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Hong-Geller E, Valdez Y, Shou Y, Yoshida T, Marrone B, Dunbar J. Evaluation ofBacillus anthracisandYersinia pestissample collection from nonporous surfaces by quantitative real-time PCR. Lett Appl Microbiol 2010; 50:431-7. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2010.02821.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Saglio G, Radich J, Kim D, Martinelli G, Branford S, Mueller M, Soverini S, Shou Y, Hochhaus A, Hughes T. Response to nilotinib in chronic myelogenous leukemia patients in chronic phase (CML-CP) according to BCR-ABL mutations at baseline #7060. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.7060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Singer JB, Shou Y, Giles F, Kantarjian HM, Hsu Y, Robeva AS, Rae P, Weitzman A, Meyer JM, Dugan M, Ottmann OG. UGT1A1 promoter polymorphism increases risk of nilotinib-induced hyperbilirubinemia. Leukemia 2007; 21:2311-5. [PMID: 17611564 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Nilotinib is a novel BCR-ABL inhibitor with significantly improved potency and selectivity over imatinib. In Phase I and Phase II clinical studies of nilotinib in patients with a variety of leukemias, infrequent instances of reversible, benign elevation of bilirubin were observed. Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) glucuronidates bilirubin in humans, and a polymorphism in the promoter of the gene that encodes it has been associated with hyperbilirubinemia during treatment with a number of drugs. Pharmacogenetic analysis of that TA-repeat polymorphism found an association between the (TA)7/(TA)7 genotype and risk of hyperbilirubinemia in Phase I patients with imatinib-resistant/intolerant chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) or relapsed/refractory Ph+ acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL); this result was replicated in two separate analyses of the chronic phase (CP) and accelerated phase (AP) CML arms of a Phase II study. As nilotinib is not known to be glucuronidated by UGT1A1, the combined impact of inhibition of UGT1A1 activity by nilotinib and genetic polymorphism is the most likely cause of the increased rate of hyperbilirubinemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Singer
- Clinical Pharmacogenetics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Mueller MC, Branford S, Radich J, Kim DW, Martinelli G, Saglio G, Hughes T, Shou Y, Weitzman A, Baccarani M, Hochhaus A. Response dynamics to nilotinib depend on the type of BCR-ABL mutations in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) after imatinib failure. J Clin Oncol 2007. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2007.25.18_suppl.7024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
7024 Background: Nilotinib (AMN107) is an oral, aminopyrimidine-derivative, selective inhibitor of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase with improved potency and specificity compared with imatinib. In preclinical models, activity of nilotinib was also demonstrated in 32/33 imatinib- resistant mutant cell lines. We sought to explore the efficacy of nilotinib in vivo according to the type of preexisting BCR-ABL mutations associated with imatinib resistance. Methods: We have investigated peripheral blood samples from 101 chronic phase (CP) and 41 accelerated phase (AP) CML patients (pts) who had been enrolled in a phase II study investigating the efficacy and safety of 400mg nilotinib bid after imatinib failure. Screening for BCR-ABL mutations was performed by D-HPLC combined with DNA sequencing. The analysis covered amino acids 207–517 of the BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase domain. Results: Prior to nilotinib, 24 different BCR-ABL mutations involving 20 amino acids were detected affecting 44% CP and 61% AP pts. After 6 mo of therapy, complete hematologic response was achieved in 59%, major cytogenetic response (MCR) in 25% being complete (CCR) in 16% of pts with mutations vs 81%, 51% and 33% of pts without mutations, respectively. Response dynamics were associated with preclinical activity of nilotinib: MCR was reached in 10/18 pts with mutations associated with preclinical IC50 to nilotinib of <100nM, 2/9 pts with IC50 of 100–1,000 nM, and 0/4 pts with mutation T315I demonstrating virtual resistance to imatinib and nilotinib. In AP pts, hematologic response was achieved in 56% and 31%, MCR in 24% vs 19%, and CCR in 24% vs 13% of pts with or without mutations, respectively. Conclusions: Nilotinib is efficacious in pts with BCR-ABL mutations, except T315I, as well as in patients with BCR-ABL-independent resistance. Time to response may depend on the individual type of the mutation and correlates with the IC50 to nilotinib. Thus, nilotinib may have an important therapeutic role in imatinib resistance as well as in frontline CML therapy to prevent emergence of resistant clones. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. Mueller
- Medizinische Fakultaet Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; IVMS, Adelaide, Australia; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Catholic University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; University Bologna, Bologna, Italy; University Torino, Torino, Italy; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ
| | - S. Branford
- Medizinische Fakultaet Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; IVMS, Adelaide, Australia; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Catholic University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; University Bologna, Bologna, Italy; University Torino, Torino, Italy; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ
| | - J. Radich
- Medizinische Fakultaet Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; IVMS, Adelaide, Australia; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Catholic University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; University Bologna, Bologna, Italy; University Torino, Torino, Italy; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ
| | - D. W. Kim
- Medizinische Fakultaet Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; IVMS, Adelaide, Australia; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Catholic University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; University Bologna, Bologna, Italy; University Torino, Torino, Italy; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ
| | - G. Martinelli
- Medizinische Fakultaet Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; IVMS, Adelaide, Australia; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Catholic University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; University Bologna, Bologna, Italy; University Torino, Torino, Italy; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ
| | - G. Saglio
- Medizinische Fakultaet Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; IVMS, Adelaide, Australia; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Catholic University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; University Bologna, Bologna, Italy; University Torino, Torino, Italy; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ
| | - T. Hughes
- Medizinische Fakultaet Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; IVMS, Adelaide, Australia; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Catholic University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; University Bologna, Bologna, Italy; University Torino, Torino, Italy; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ
| | - Y. Shou
- Medizinische Fakultaet Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; IVMS, Adelaide, Australia; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Catholic University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; University Bologna, Bologna, Italy; University Torino, Torino, Italy; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ
| | - A. Weitzman
- Medizinische Fakultaet Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; IVMS, Adelaide, Australia; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Catholic University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; University Bologna, Bologna, Italy; University Torino, Torino, Italy; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ
| | - M. Baccarani
- Medizinische Fakultaet Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; IVMS, Adelaide, Australia; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Catholic University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; University Bologna, Bologna, Italy; University Torino, Torino, Italy; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ
| | - A. Hochhaus
- Medizinische Fakultaet Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany; IVMS, Adelaide, Australia; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA; Catholic University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; University Bologna, Bologna, Italy; University Torino, Torino, Italy; Novartis Pharmaceuticals, East Hanover, NJ
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Shou Y, Jan KM, Rumschitzki DS. Preliminary look at why some vessels get atherosclerosis and others don't. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2007; 2004:5073-6. [PMID: 17271458 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2004.1404402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a disease mainly of large, high pressure arteries and of valves, typically sparing veins and small, low pressure arteries. We investigate the resistances of the vena cava and the pulmonary artery to the flow of water and the infiltration of solutes into the vessel walls and compare them with similar processes in the aorta. The goal is to see if differences in macromolecular transport from the blood into the vessel wall amongst vessels can explain their different susceptibilities to atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shou
- Department of Chem. Engineering, CUNY, New York, NY, USA
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Husain SM, Shou Y, Sorrentino BP, Handgretinger R. Isolation, molecular cloning and in vitro expression of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) prominin-1.s1 complementary DNA encoding a potential hematopoietic stem cell antigen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 68:317-24. [PMID: 17026467 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2006.00679.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human prominin-1 (CD133 or AC133) is an important cell surface marker used to isolate primitive hematopoietic stem cells. The commercially available antibody to human prominin-1 does not recognize rhesus prominin-1. Therefore, we isolated, cloned and characterized the complementary DNA (cDNA) of rhesus prominin-1 gene and determined its coding potential. Following the nomenclature of prominin family of genes, we named this cDNA as rhesus prominin-1.s1. The amino acid sequence data of the putative rhesus prominin-1.s1 could be used in designing antigenic peptides to raise antibodies for use in isolation of pure populations of rhesus prominin-1(+) hematopoietic cells. To the best of our knowledge, there has been no previously published report about the isolation of a prominin-1 cDNA from rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta).
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Husain
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Hematology-Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA.
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Shou Y, Zeng Z, Jan KM, Rumschitzki D. Transmural water and macromolecular transport in atherosclerosis prone and resistant vessels. J Biomech 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9290(06)84517-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Shou Y, Li L, Prabhakaran K, Borowitz JL, Isom GE. p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase regulates Bax translocation in cyanide-induced apoptosis. Toxicol Sci 2003; 75:99-107. [PMID: 12805646 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfg157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Execution of cyanide-induced apoptosis is mediated by release of cytochrome c from mitochondria. To determine how cyanide initiates cytochrome c release, Bax translocation was investigated in primary cultures of cortical neurons. Under nonapoptotic (control) conditions, Bax resided predominantly in the cytoplasm. After 300-microM cyanide treatment for 1 h, Bax translocated to the mitochondria, as shown by immunocytochemical staining and subcellular fractionation; Western blot analysis confirmed "cytosol-to-mitochondria" translocation of Bax. Temporal analysis showed that Bax translocation preceded cytochrome c release from the mitochondria, which was initiated 3 h after cyanide treatment. In double-immunofluorescence labeling for both Bax and cytochrome c, it was observed that cytochrome c was released only in cells showing Bax in mitochondria. The role of p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase in Bax translocation was studied. The p38 MAP kinase was activated 30 min after cyanide, and its phosphorylation level of activity began to decrease 3 h later. SB203580, a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, blocked translocation of Bax to mitochondria, whereas SB202474, a control peptide, had no effect on translocation. Inhibition of p38 MAP kinase by SB203580 blocked all downstream effects of Bax translocation, including cytochrome c release, caspase activation, and internucleosomal DNA fragmentation. These results demonstrated that Bax translocation is critical for cyanide-induced cytochrome c release and that p38 MAP kinase regulates Bax translocation from cytosol to mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1333, USA
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Li L, Prabhakaran K, Shou Y, Borowitz JL, Isom GE. Oxidative stress and cyclooxygenase-2 induction mediate cyanide-induced apoptosis of cortical cells. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2002; 185:55-63. [PMID: 12460737 DOI: 10.1006/taap.2002.9515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyanide (KCN)-induced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) involves cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-mediated reactions in some neurons. The present study examines the extent to which COX isoforms are involved in KCN-induced apoptotic cell death processes of cultured cortical cells. After treatment with KCN (10-300 microM), COX-2 was expressed in a time- and concentration-dependent manner increasing markedly over a 4-h period. However, no significant changes were observed in COX-1 levels at any cyanide concentration. Correlated with COX-2 up-regulation, KCN induced a time-dependent apoptotic death. TUNEL staining showed that the COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 (30 microM) blocked KCN-induced apoptosis, whereas the selective COX-1 inhibitor valeryl salicylate did not affect the level of apoptotic cell death. Exposure of cells to KCN (300 microM) for 24 h resulted in DNA fragmentation, which was also reduced by NS-398. Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) accumulation in cell culture supernatants was increased by KCN and NS-398 blocked PGE(2) generation. PCR studies further confirmed that COX-2 expression was increased by KCN. Antioxidants phenyl-N-test-butylnitrone, superoxide dismutase, and catalase significantly inhibited KCN-induced COX-2 up-regulation and subsequent apoptosis. N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methylester an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, blocked KCN-induced PGE(2) production and apoptosis, but not COX-2 expression. Increased nitric oxide levels caused by cyanide may directly activate the COX-2 enzyme. These data show that cyanide treatment of cortical cells involves increased COX-2 expression, PGE(2) accumulation, and ROS generation, resulting in apoptotic cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Chemisstry and Molecular Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1333, USA
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Gong Y, Hirano T, Kato Y, Yoshida K, Shou Y, Ohira T, Ikeda N, Ebihara Y, Kato H. Phosphorylated tyrosine-containing proteins in primary lung cancer correlates with proliferation and prognosis. Br J Cancer 2002; 86:1893-8. [PMID: 12085182 PMCID: PMC2375429 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2001] [Revised: 03/26/2002] [Accepted: 03/27/2002] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the usefulness of tyrosine phosphorylation in evaluating biological characteristics, we attempted to evaluate the relationship between the amount of phosphorylated tyrosine-containing proteins and clinicopathological factors, cell proliferation and outcome in non-small cell lung cancer. To evaluate phosphorylated tyrosine-containing proteins we used 96 surgically resected materials of non-small cell lung cancer and normal peripheral lung, while immunohistochemical evaluation was performed. Cell proliferating ability was evaluated using the labelling index of proliferating cell nuclear antigen-positive nuclear staining cells. There were statistically significant differences between the expression levels of phosphorylated tyrosine-containing proteins of normal and cancerous tissues (P<0.0001). Evaluations based on clinicopathological factors apart from histopathological differentiation, showed no statistically significant differences of phosphorylated tyrosine-containing proteins expression. However, phosphorylated tyrosine-containing proteins correlated with cell proliferation activity evaluated (P((Low, High))<0.0001; P((Low, Int)) <0.0001; P((Int, High))<0.0001). Furthermore, non-small cell lung cancer cases with high expression and intermediate expression of phosphorylated tyrosine-containing proteins had a significantly shorter disease-free postoperative survival than those with low expression of phosphorylated tyrosine-containing proteins using log-rank analysis (P((Low, Int)) <0.0028; P((Low, High))=0.0002). Furthermore, phosphorylated tyrosine-containing proteins expression level statistically contributed to disease-free survival in Cox's proportional hazard model. Therefore, phosphorylated tyrosine-containing proteins in non-small cell lung cancer tissues seem to reflect its biological malignancy, and this evaluation may be valuable for constructing the most appropriate therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Gong
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7 Nishishinjuko, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
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Li L, Shou Y, Borowitz JL, Isom GE. Reactive oxygen species mediate pyridostigmine-induced neuronal apoptosis: involvement of muscarinic and NMDA receptors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2001; 177:17-25. [PMID: 11708896 DOI: 10.1006/taap.2001.9283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Pyridostigmine bromide (PB) is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor used for treatment of myasthenia gravis and for prophylactic protection against organophosphate nerve agent. We previously showed PB can induce apoptotic death in rat brain following systemic treatment. To study mechanisms by which PB induces brain cell death, cultured rat cerebellar granule cells were used. Cytotoxicity was determined after exposure to PB (10-1000 microM) for 24 h; a high concentration of PB (>500 microM) significantly increased lactate dehydrogenase release, which was reduced by pretreatment with the antioxidant, N-t-butyl-alpha-phenyl-nitrone (PBN). Apoptosis, as determined by TUNEL staining, was concentration dependent (10-250 microM) after a 24-h exposure and cytotoxicity was confirmed by gel electrophoresis of DNA, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, elevation of caspase activity, and electron microscopy. The oxidant-sensitive fluorescent dye 2',7'-dichlorofluorescin diacetate was used to detect reactive oxidative species (ROS) generation. Pretreatment with PBN, superoxide dismutase, catalase, or the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) blocked PB-induced ROS generation and apoptotic cell death. Pretreatment with atropine or MK-801 blocked ROS generation and the subsequent neurotoxicity, showing that both muscarinic and NMDA receptors mediate the response. DNA extracted from PB-treated cells revealed oligonucleosomal fragmentation on gel electrophoresis and antioxidants attenuated the DNA fragmentation, providing further evidence for a link of ROS generation and apoptosis. These results indicate that muscarinic receptor-mediated ROS generation is an initiating factor in PB-induced apoptotic cell death and activation of the NMDA glutamate receptor is directly linked to the response.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Li
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1333, USA
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Shou Y, Hirano T, Gong Y, Kato Y, Yoshida K, Ohira T, Ikeda N, Konaka C, Ebihara Y, Zhao F, Kato H. Influence of angiogenetic factors and matrix metalloproteinases upon tumour progression in non-small-cell lung cancer. Br J Cancer 2001; 85:1706-12. [PMID: 11742492 PMCID: PMC2363988 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.2137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We attempted to investigate immunohistochemical expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PD-ECGF), c-erbB-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), and MMP-9 using surgical specimens of 119 non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cases and to evaluate the relationship between the expression levels of each molecule and clinicopathological factors or prognosis. VEGF expression levels were significantly associated with the local invasion (P = 0.0001), lymph node involvement (pN-factor) (P = 0.0019), pathological stage (p-stage) (P = 0.0027) and lymphatic permeation (P = 0.0389). PD-ECGF expression levels were associated with pN-factor (P = 0.0347). MMP-2 expression levels were associated with pN-factor (P = 0.004) and lymphatic permeation (P = 0.0056). Also, MMP-9 expression levels showed a significant correlation to local invasion (P = 0.0012), pN-factor (P = 0.0093) and p-stage (P = 0.0142). Multivariate analysis showed VEGF to be the most related to local invasion (P = 0.0084), and MMP-2 was the only factor with significant independent impact on lymphatic permeation (P = 0.0228). Furthermore, log-rank analysis showed significant association with poor survival by VEGF, bFGF, MMP-2 and MMP-9. Especially, combined overexpression of VEGF and MMP-2 revealed poor prognosis, our study might provide a basis for the better evaluation of biological characteristics and a new therapeutic strategy based on chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shou
- Department of Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishishinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
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Abstract
Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) appears to arise from a combination of both exposure and genetic risk factors. A distinguishing feature of CBD is beryllium hypersensitivity, which can be measured in vitro by a lymphocyte proliferation test. The objective of this study was to determine whether certain allelic variations of the HLA-DPB1 gene, which had been observed previously in CBD, could be found in a group of individuals having beryllium hypersensitivity, but no symptoms of CBD. A flow cytometry-based Lymphocyte Proliferation Test combined with immunophenotyping (Immuno-LPT) was used to detect CD4+ and CD8+ T cell proliferation in response to in vitro stimulation with beryllium. The HLA-DPB1 haplotypes of the same individuals were determined by automated DNA sequencing. Twenty-two out of 25 beryllium-sensitive, non-CBD individuals were found to be carriers of the HLA-DPB1 gene having a substitution of a glutamic acid at position 69 in Exon 2 (Glu69), and a significantly high percentage (24%) were Glu69 homozygotes. Most of the CD4+ responders on the Immuno-LPT (10/14) carried rare, non-*0201 Glu69 DPB1 alleles; while most of the non-CD4+ responders (9/11) were common Glu69 carriers (*0201 or *0202) or non-Glu69 individuals (non-Glu69/non-Glu69). This is the first direct evidence that HLA-DP genotype is linked to a phenotypic response that occurs in beryllium sensitization in the absence of clinical CBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- B-2, M888, Bioscience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
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37
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Abstract
The megakaryocyte (MK)-specific integrin, alphaIIb, is the alpha-subunit of the alphaIIb/beta3 complex found on the surface of platelets. This complex is a receptor for fibrinogen and other ligands when platelets are activated. Because the alphaIIb gene is specifically expressed in MKs, this gene was studied as a potential model for MK-specific gene expression. Previous studies have defined some of the important regulatory elements in 912 bp of the immediate 5'-flanking region of this gene. These studies defined several important elements including two GATA-binding elements and an Ets-binding element. Using a primary rat marrow expression system, we demonstrated that one of the GATA-binding elements, -454 bp upstream of the transcriptional start site (GATA454), is critical for expression of the alphaIIb gene. A potential negative regulatory element was found between -100 and -200 bp upstream of both the rat and human alphaIIb genes. The biological basis by which this negative regulatory region effects expression is not well understood. Recent studies have focused on the issue of the molecular basis by which this TATA-less gene is properly transcribed. We found that a GA-rich region approximately 14 bp upstream from the transcriptional start site appears to be a nonconsensus Sp1-binding site that interacts with an Ets-consensus site approximately 20 bp further upstream. These studies provide further evidence of the role of interactions between Ets-like proteins and Sp1 in transcriptional activation when a TATA box is not present in the promoter region of a gene. Based on the presented studies and previous results, a model is proposed for the regulation of expression of the alphaIIb gene. In studies looking at more distal regulatory elements, we have found, using the primary rat marrow expression system, that 2.9 kb of 5'-flanking alphaIIb sequence has as high a level of expression as the 912 bp construct. Whether either of these lengths of 5'-flanking region can result in tissue-specific expression in transgenic models is presently being investigated. In addition, while a published report suggests that the two genes alphaIIb and beta3 are physically linked within a 250 kb region of genomic DNA, analysis of yeast artificial chromosome clones and genomic pulsed field gel electrophoresis analysis are consistent with these two genes not being tightly linked and being >1 mb apart, suggesting that these two genes do not form a single, tissue-specific locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Block
- The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 19104, USA
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38
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Abstract
The central nervous system is one of the main target organs in cyanide toxicity. Primary cultured cortical neurons were used to study the cellular mechanisms underlying cyanide-induced cytotoxicity. After exposure to KCN (100-300 microM) for 24 h, cortical neurons underwent apoptosis as characterized by positive TUNEL staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in cyanide-induced neuronal apoptosis; immediately after cyanide (100-300 microM) treatment, ROS generation was observed and continued to be elevated for up to 3 h. NMDA receptor activation and subsequent Ca(2+) influx contribute in part to cyanide-induced ROS formation, since the selective NMDA receptor antagonist MK801 and intracellular Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA blocked ROS generation. Interestingly, caspases, recently reported to be involved in neuronal apoptosis, play a role in the late phase of ROS production after cyanide stimulation. Z-VAD, a nonspecific caspase inhibitor, blocked ROS generated 1 h after cyanide treatment, but it had no effect on ROS generated immediately after cyanide treatment. Nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB), a redox-sensitive transcription factor, was activated dose dependently after cyanide treatment. Blockade of ROS generation by MK801, Z-VAD, and various antioxidants also blocked the activation of NF-kappaB. SN50, a synthetic peptide which inhibits the nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, blocked cyanide-induced apoptotic cell death. These results indicate that NF-kappaB plays an important role in cyanide-induced apoptosis in cortical neurons, and the caspases may contribute in part to the activation of NF-kappaB after cyanide treatment by inducing the late phase of ROS generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shou
- Neurotoxicology Laboratory, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907-1333, USA
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39
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Tonon G, Roschke A, Stover K, Shou Y, Kuehl WM, Kirsch IR. Spectral karyotyping combined with locus-specific FISH simultaneously defines genes and chromosomes involved in chromosomal translocations. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2000; 27:418-23. [PMID: 10719373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Genes that play roles in malignant transformation have often been found proximate to cancer-associated chromosomal breakpoints. Identifying genes that flank chromosomal reconfigurations is thus essential for cancer cytogenetics. To simplify and expedite this identification, we have developed a novel approach, based on simultaneous spectral karyotyping and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) which, in a single step, can identify gross chromosomal aberrations as well as detect the involvement of specific loci in these rearrangements. Signals for specifically queried genes (FISH probe) were easily detectable in metaphase cells, together with the signals from painted chromosomes (spectral karyotyping probes). The concentration and size of the FISH probes could cover a wide range and still be used successfully. Some of the nucleotide-bound dyes used for the labeling, as Cy3, Spectrum Orange, Alexa 594, Texas Red, and Rhodamine 110, were particularly efficient. More than one gene can be queried in the same metaphase, because multiple FISH probes could be hybridized simultaneously. To demonstrate this technique, we applied it to the myeloma cell line Karpas 620, which has numerous chromosomal rearrangements. The approach that we present here will be particularly useful for the analysis of complex karyotypes and for testing hypotheses arising from cancer gene expression studies. Published 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Tonon
- Genetics Department, Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20889-5105, USA
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40
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Farris GM, Newman LS, Frome EL, Shou Y, Barker E, Habbersett RC, Maier L, Smith HN, Marrone BL. Detection of beryllium sensitivity using a flow cytometric lymphocyte proliferation test: the Immuno-Be-LPT. Toxicology 2000; 143:125-40. [PMID: 10755700 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(99)00167-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Measurement of lymphocyte proliferation to detect hypersensitivity to beryllium (Be-LPT) in vitro is done presently using a method based on tritiated thymidine incorporation. Although this method is sensitive it gives no information on cell viability or responding lymphocyte subsets. We have developed reliable and simple flow cytometric assays for lymphocyte proliferation testing (Immuno-Be-LPT) by combining immunophenotyping with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation or DNA content using propidium iodide (PI) or 4'6'-diimidazolin-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Evaluation of beryllium-induced lymphocyte proliferation in blood cells from seven patients with chronic beryllium disease (CBD) and 120 beryllium workers by both the Bc-LPT and the Immuno-Be-LPT showed agreement between the tests. The Immuno-Bc-LPT provided additional information about the specific type of lymphocytes responding. CD4+ lymphocytes proliferated in response to beryllium in blood samples from all seven CBD individuals and CD8+ lymphocytes proliferated in six of the seven. Four beryllium workers without CBD had positive responses to beryllium primarily in the CD8+ cells. The use of the individual's own plasma supported a greater beryllium or tetanus-induced proliferation of CD4+ lymphocytes when compared to commercial human serum. The response of CD4+ lymphocytes measured in the Immuno-Be-LPT may provide a new marker for the diagnosis of CBD.
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MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- Antigens, CD/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/biosynthesis
- Beryllium/toxicity
- Biomarkers
- Bromodeoxyuridine/metabolism
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Chronic Disease
- DNA/biosynthesis
- DNA/metabolism
- Flow Cytometry
- Fluorescent Dyes
- Humans
- Lectins, C-Type
- Light
- Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Occupational Diseases/immunology
- Phenotype
- Scattering, Radiation
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/drug effects
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- Tetanus Toxoid/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Farris
- Cytometry Group, BioScience Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, NM 87545, USA
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41
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Shou Y, Martelli ML, Gabrea A, Qi Y, Brents LA, Roschke A, Dewald G, Kirsch IR, Bergsagel PL, Kuehl WM. Diverse karyotypic abnormalities of the c-myc locus associated with c-myc dysregulation and tumor progression in multiple myeloma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2000; 97:228-33. [PMID: 10618400 PMCID: PMC26645 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.97.1.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Translocations involving c-myc and an Ig locus have been reported rarely in human multiple myeloma (MM). Using specific fluorescence in situ hybridization probes, we show complex karyotypic abnormalities of the c-myc or L-myc locus in 19 of 20 MM cell lines and approximately 50% of advanced primary MM tumors. These abnormalities include unusual and complex translocations and insertions that often juxtapose myc with an IgH or IgL locus. For two advanced primary MM tumors, some tumor cells contain a karyotypic abnormality of the c-myc locus, whereas other tumor cells do not, indicating that this karyotypic abnormality of c-myc occurs as a late event. All informative MM cell lines show monoallelic expression of c-myc. For Burkitt's lymphoma and mouse plasmacytoma tumors, balanced translocation that juxtaposes c-myc with one of the Ig loci is an early, invariant event that is mediated by B cell-specific DNA modification mechanisms. By contrast, for MM, dysregulation of c-myc apparently is caused principally by complex genomic rearrangements that occur during late stages of MM progression and do not involve B cell-specific DNA modification mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shou
- Genetics Department, Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Naval Hospital, Building 8, Room 5101, Bethesda, MD 20889-5105, USA
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42
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Chai X, Cheng J, Dong H, Shou Y, Dong M. [Wavelet application to reduction of stimulus artifact in transient evoked otoacoustic emissions testing]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 1999; 16:177-80, 188. [PMID: 12552658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
Otoacoustic emissions(OAEs) are presently considered as an objective clinical test for assessing the integraity of peripheral hearing. Owing to the adding of the reflex waves of the stimuli, recordings of emissions evoked in response to transient stimuli are contaminated by an initial artifact, which inhibits the examination of high frequency cochlear responses that have short latencies. So OAEs testing is of serious limitation in most clinical environments. We propose an artifact reduction technique based on discrete wavelet transform pre-processing method and demonstrate empirically that the method not only improves artifact reduction but also enhances signal-to-noise ratio in the response region.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Chai
- Department of BME, Xi'an Jiaotong Univerisyt, Xi'an 710049
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43
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Abstract
Oncogenes are often dysregulated in B cell tumors as a result of a reciprocal translocation involving an immunoglobulin locus. The translocations are caused by errors in two developmentally regulated DNA recombination processes: V(D)J and IgH switch recombination. Both processes share the property of joining discontinuous sequences from one chromosome and releasing intervening sequences as circles that are lost from progeny cells. Here we show that these intervening sequences may instead insert in the genome and that during productive IgH mu-epsilon switch recombination in U266 myeloma tumor cells, a portion of the excised IgH switch intervening sequences containing the 3' alpha-1 enhancer has inserted on chromosome 11q13, resulting in overexpression of the adjacent cyclin D1 oncogene.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gabrea
- Genetics Department, Medicine Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20889-5105, USA
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44
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Abstract
The Sp1 family of transcription factors are often involved in the regulated expression of TATA-less genes, frequently enhancing gene transcription. In this paper, we demonstrate that an Sp1-binding element inhibits the expression of the megakaryocyte-specific alphaIIb gene in all cell lines tested and that this inhibition is actively overcome only in megakaryocyte-like cell lines. We had noted previously in primary megakaryocytes that a 50-base pair (bp) deletion from -150 to -101 bp in the rat alphaIIb promoter region resulted in increased expression. We now show that deletion of this region markedly increased expression in both megakaryocytic and non-megakaryocytic cell lines, eliminating the tissue specificity of the alphaIIb promoter. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSA) defined a single complex, which bound to a -145 to -125 bp subregion. Point mutations within this region, localized the critical point of binding around bases -136/-135, and expression studies showed that introduction of the -136/-135 mutation into the rat alphaIIb promoter had a comparable result to that seen with the 50-bp deletion. EMSA studies with the homologous human alphaIIb promoter region gave an identical migrating band. Southwestern blots of HeLa nuclear proteins with both the rat -145 to -125 DNA and its human homologue bound to a single approximately 110-kDa protein, the known molecular weight of Sp1. Confirmation that this region of the alphaIIb gene promoter bound Sp1 was accomplished using EMSA studies with an Sp1 consensus probe, anti-Sp1 and -Sp3 antibodies, and recombinant Sp1 protein. Further support for the role of Sp1 in the silencing of the alphaIIb promoter was obtained using a Gal4 binding site substitution for the silencer region of alphaIIb and co-expression of near full-length Sp1/Gal4 fusion protein expression vectors. Ectopic reinsertion of the -150 to -101 bp region, back into the -150 to -101 bp deleted promoter, enhanced rather than decreased expression, suggesting that Sp1's inhibitory role at -136/-135 depends on its local interactions. In summary, we believe that we have identified a cross-species, non-consensus Sp1-binding site that binds Sp1 and that acts as a silencer of alphaIIb expression in many cell lines. A model is presented as to how this Sp1-binding silencer element contributes to the megakaryocyte-specific expression of alphaIIb gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shou
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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45
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Seegers JC, Lottering ML, Grobler CJ, van Papendorp DH, Habbersett RC, Shou Y, Lehnert BE. The mammalian metabolite, 2-methoxyestradiol, affects P53 levels and apoptosis induction in transformed cells but not in normal cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1997; 62:253-67. [PMID: 9408079 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-0760(97)00043-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The endogenous metabolite, 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME), is an inhibitor of tubulin polymerization and is therefore toxic to dividing fast-growing tumor cells. Transformed cells are not equally susceptible to the effects of 2ME. In this study the effects of 1-2 microM doses of 2ME on cell cycle progression, apoptosis induction and on p53 levels were evaluated using flow cytometry in cells with different p53 status. No effect of 2ME was seen in normal human skin fibroblast strain HSF43 with wild-type (wt) p53. However, in SV40 T antigen transformed HSF43 cells (line E8T4), 2ME caused a prominent G2/M arrest, with subsequent micronuclei formation followed by apoptosis. Increased p53 levels were present in the G2/M cells. Our results suggest that 2ME, being a microtubule poison, may release the bound p53 from T antigen, and that this p53 may enhance the apoptotic effects. Two lymphoblast cell lines derived from the same donor, TK6, expressing low levels of wt p53, and WTK1, expressing high levels of mutant p53, showed similar moderate responses to 2ME at 37 degrees C. The effects included enhanced apoptosis and a modest G2/M block. No increase in p53 levels was seen. However, at the permissive temperature of 30 degrees C marked increases in apoptosis and a prominent G2/M-phase block, similar to that seen in the E8T4 cells, were present in the WTK1 cells, indicating that the high levels of mutant p53 have now become functional, enhancing the apoptotic effects initiated by 2ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Seegers
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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46
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Seegers JC, de Kock M, Lottering ML, Grobler CJ, van Papendorp DH, Shou Y, Habbersett R, Lehnert BE. Effects of gamma-linolenic acid and arachidonic acid on cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction in normal and transformed cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 1997; 56:271-80. [PMID: 9150372 DOI: 10.1016/s0952-3278(97)90570-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of arachidonic acid (AA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) on cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction, using flow cytometry, were compared on normal human skin fibroblasts, strain HSF43 with wild type (wt) p53, large T antigen transformed HSF43 cells (line E8T4) with non functional p53, and on two lymphoblast cell lines, TK6 with wt p53 and WTK1 with mutant p53. AA and GLA caused similar dose (50, 75 and 100 microg/ml AA and GLA) and time dependent (24 and 48 h) induction of apoptosis in each cell line. The degrees of the response of the four cell lines were, however, different. The normal HSF43 cells were most resistant against apoptosis induction and the WTK1 cells most susceptible. The apoptosis induction appeared to be independent of functional p53. Cell cycle progression was also similarly affected by AA and GLA in the two cell types. In the fibroblast type cells (HSF43 and E8T4) S- and G2/M-phase arrests were evident after 48 h exposure to AA and GLA, and in the lymphoblast cell lines (TK6 and WTK1) the cells were arrested in the G1-phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Seegers
- Department of Physiology, University of Pretoria, South Africa
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47
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Gai H, Shou Y, Wang J, Li L. [Preliminary study on the pharmacological action spicatus]. Zhong Yao Cai 1997; 20:38-40. [PMID: 12572497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
In this report the pharmacological action of Spicatus was studied. The results insicated that it had diureric, antibiotic and anti-inflammatory effects, yet had Iittle toxic side-effect. It had significant inhibitory effect on crofon oil-caused mice ear swell. It also had marked diuretic effect in orcinary rats, but had Iittie effect on uric pH the rats. It exhibited certain inhibition of Staphycoloccus aureus, Eschrichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. The maximum tolerable dose test in mice showed no marked toxic effect, LD50 > 80 g/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Gai
- Zhejiang Acedemy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou 310013
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48
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Block KL, Shou Y, Poncz M. An Ets/Sp1 interaction in the 5'-flanking region of the megakaryocyte-specific alpha IIb gene appears to stabilize Sp1 binding and is essential for expression of this TATA-less gene. Blood 1996; 88:2071-80. [PMID: 8822926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The megakaryocyte-specific integrin, alpha IIb, is the alpha-subunit of the alpha IIb/beta 3 complex found on the surface of platelets. This complex is a receptor for fibrinogen and other ligands when platelets are activated. Because the alpha IIb gene is specifically expressed in megakaryocytes, the 5'-flanking region was studied as a potential model for megakaryocyte-specific gene expression. Previous studies have defined some of the important regulatory elements in the 5'-flanking region of this gene. The present studies focus on the issue of the molecular basis by which this TATA-less gene is properly transcribed. A GA-rich region centered 14 bp upstream from the transcriptional start site appears to be a nonconsensus Sp1-binding site. Binding to this site is of low affinity, but is markedly improved by interaction with protein(s) binding at an Ets-consensus site approximately 20 bp further upstream. Mutation of the Ets site greatly reduces the ability of Sp1 to bind to its site. Trans-acting nuclear factors binding to and interaction of the proteins at these two sites have direct effects on the observed promoter activity in primary megakaryocyte transient expression studies. These studies provide further evidence of the role of interactions between Ets-like proteins and Sp1 in transcriptional activation when a TATA box is not present in the promoter region of a gene. Based on the presented studies and previous results, a model is proposed for the regulation of expression of the alpha IIb gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Block
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
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