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Sun F, Chow GCC, Yu CCW, Ho YF, Liu D, Wong SHS, Siu PMF, Cooper SB, Jenkins D. Effect of game-based high-intensity interval training program on the executive function of children with ADHD: Protocol of a randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272121. [PMID: 35901105 PMCID: PMC9333304 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common developmental disorder in childhood, with a 5%-6% worldwide prevalence. Children with ADHD often demonstrate impaired executive function, which is closely related to the development of the commonly observed behavioral problems such as inattention, impaired inhibition, and hyperactivity. The purpose of this study is to examine whether a game-based high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program can improve the executive function of children with ADHD, compared with a traditional structured aerobic exercise program and a non-treatment control group. Methods/Design A total of 42 children with ADHD will be recruited to participate in this three-arm school-based randomized controlled trial. An 8-week specially designed game-based HIIT (GameHIIT) program and a traditional game-based structured aerobic exercise (GameSAE) program will be delivered to those children randomly assigned to these two intervention groups, while the children in the control group will maintain their regular physical activity over the same period. A number of outcome measures including executive function, cerebral hemodynamic response, physical activity, physical fitness, and enjoyment and adherence to the intervention will be assessed for both groups at baseline (T0), immediately after the intervention period (T1), and after the follow-up period (T2). Discussion HIIT has recently emerged as a feasible and efficacious strategy for increasing physical health outcomes and cognitive function, including executive function, in healthy young people. However, research has yet to investigate whether the executive function of children with ADHD can be effectively enhanced through HIIT. If, as hypothesized, GameHIIT program improves outcomes for children with ADHD, the present research will inform the development of targeted exercise programs that can be more broadly used with this particular population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Sun
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Gary Chi-Ching Chow
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Clare Chung-Wah Yu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying-Fung Ho
- Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Duo Liu
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stephen Heung-Sang Wong
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Parco Ming-Fai Siu
- Division of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Simon B. Cooper
- School of Science & Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David Jenkins
- School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD, Australia
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Abstract
Posterior lumbar apophyseal ring fractures are rare in adolescents. We report 4 such cases in Chinese adolescents. Two of the patients had a slipped capital femoral epiphysis; 3 of them were overweight/obese. All presented with low back pain and radicular pain. Apophyseal fractures of the upper lumbar spine usually involve the lower end plate, whereas those of the lumbar sacral spine usually involve the upper end plate. The radiological features and pathophysiology are discussed. Two of the patients were treated with laminotomy and diskectomy after conservative treatment failed. All patients had complete resolution of their neurological deficits at a mean follow-up of 2 years. Despite its benign nature, long-term follow-up is necessary to define the natural course and prognosis of the disease. A high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose these fractures in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Yen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Chan SK, Chung SCY, Ho YF. Minimally invasive repair of ruptured Achilles tendon. Hong Kong Med J 2008; 14:255-258. [PMID: 18685156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical outcomes of minimally invasive repair of ruptured Achilles tendon. DESIGN Retrospective study. SETTING Orthopaedics and Traumatology Department of a public hospital in Hong Kong. PATIENTS Fifteen consecutive patients admitted to the hospital from August 2002 to April 2005 with closed Achilles tendon rupture, had it repaired by a minimally invasive method. Parameters including patient epidemiology, nature of injuries, and isometric force measurement of ankle plantar flexion were recorded to justify the effectiveness of the Achilles tendon repair. RESULTS Isometric peak force measurement of ankle plantar flexion 1 year after injury showed an average regain of 95% of the calf muscle strength, compared to the normal side. All wounds healed well, without major complications such as deep infection, sural nerve injury, or re-rupture of the Achilles tendon. All patients were able to resume their pre-injury activity level and previous occupation. CONCLUSION This minimally invasive surgical technique using the Achillon suture guide produces encouraging results in the operative management of ruptured Achilles tendon.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Chan
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Caritas Medical Centre, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
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Wu RM, Cheng CW, Chen KH, Shan DE, Kuo JW, Ho YF, Chern HD. Genetic polymorphism of the CYP2E1 gene and susceptibility to Parkinson's disease in Taiwanese. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2002; 109:1403-14. [PMID: 12454736 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-002-0721-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome p450IIE1 (CYP2E1), an ethanol-inducible cytochrome p450 enzyme, is expressed in the basal ganglia and is probably involved in the activation of neurotoxicants, producing free radical metabolites and resulting in oxidative stress. To examine the association between CYP2E1 polymorphism and the risk of Parkinson's disease (PD), we performed a case-control study on a large population of Taiwanese PD patients, focusing especially on early-onset PD patients (onset at, or before, the age of 50). Two hundred and thirty-four PD patients and 251 age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. A much higher frequency of the uncommon c2 allele was seen in our control subjects than in Caucasians (0.23 vs. 0.02). There were no significant differences between PD patients and controls in the distribution of either allelic or genotype frequencies. Our results suggest that CYP2E1 is not a major or independent determinant in the occurrence of PD in Taiwanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Wu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital.
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Cheng FC, Ho YF, Hung LC, Chen CF, Tsai TH. Determination and pharmacokinetic profile of omeprazole in rat blood, brain and bile by microdialysis and high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2002; 949:35-42. [PMID: 11999751 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)01225-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The disposition and biliary excretion of omeprazole was investigated following i.v. administration to rats at 10 mg/kg. We used a microdialysis technique coupled to a validated microbore HPLC system to monitor the levels of protein-unbound omeprazole in rat blood, brain and bile, constructing the relationship of the time course of the presence of omeprazole. Microdialysis probes were simultaneously inserted into the jugular vein toward right atrium, the brain striatum and the bile duct of the male Sprague-Dawley rats for biological fluid sampling after the administration of omeprazole (10 mg/kg) through the femoral vein. The concentration-response relationship from the present method indicated linearity (r2>0.995) over a concentration range of 0.01-50 microg/ml for omeprazole. Intra-assay and inter-assay precision and accuracy of omeprazole fell well within the predefined limits of acceptability. Following omeprazole administration, the blood-to-brain coefficient of distribution was 0.15, which was calculated as the area under the concentration versus time curve (AUC) in the brain divided by the AUC in blood (k=AUCbrain/AUCblood). The blood-to-bile coefficient of distribution (k=AUCbile/AUCblood) was 0.58. The decline of unbound omeprazole in the brain striatum, blood and bile fluid suggests that there was rapid exchange and equilibration between the compartments of the peripheral and central nervous systems. In addition, the results indicated that omeprazole was able to penetrate the blood-brain barrier and undergo hepatobiliary excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Cheng
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
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Cheng AL, Hsu CH, Lin JK, Hsu MM, Ho YF, Shen TS, Ko JY, Lin JT, Lin BR, Ming-Shiang W, Yu HS, Jee SH, Chen GS, Chen TM, Chen CA, Lai MK, Pu YS, Pan MH, Wang YJ, Tsai CC, Hsieh CY. Phase I clinical trial of curcumin, a chemopreventive agent, in patients with high-risk or pre-malignant lesions. Anticancer Res 2001; 21:2895-900. [PMID: 11712783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Curcumin (diferuloylmethane), a yellow substance from the root of the plant Curcuma longa Linn., has been demonstrated to inhibit carcinogenesis of murine skin, stomach, intestine and liver. However, the toxicology, pharmacokinetics and biologically effective dose of curcumin in humans have not been reported. This prospective phase-I study evaluated these issues of curcumin in patients with one of the following five high-risk conditions: 1) recently resected urinary bladder cancer; 2) arsenic Bowen's disease of the skin; 3) uterine cervical intraepithelial neoplasm (CIN); 4) oral leucoplakia; and 5) intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. Curcumin was taken orally for 3 months. Biopsy of the lesion sites was done immediately before and 3 months after starting curcumin treament. The starting dose was 500 mg/day. If no toxicity > or = grade II was noted in at least 3 successive patients, the dose was then escalated to another level in the order of 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, 8,000, and 12,000 mg/day. The concentration of curcumin in serum and urine was determined by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). A total of 25 patients were enrolled in this study. There was no treatment-related toxicity up to 8,000 mg/day. Beyond 8,000 mg/day, the bulky volume of the drug was unacceptable to the patients. The serum concentration of curcumin usually peaked at 1 to 2 hours after oral intake of crucumin and gradually declined within 12 hours. The average peak serum concentrations after taking 4,000 mg, 6,000 mg and 8,000 mg of curcumin were 0.51 +/- 0.11 microM, 0.63 +/- 0.06 microM and 1.77 +/- 1.87 microM, respectively. Urinary excretion of curcumin was undetectable. One of 4 patients with CIN and 1 of 7 patients with oral leucoplakia proceeded to develop frank malignancies in spite of curcumin treatment. In contrast, histologic improvement of precancerous lesions was seen in 1 out of 2 patients with recently resected bladder cancer, 2 out of 7 patients of oral leucoplakia, 1 out of 6 patients of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach, I out of 4 patients with CIN and 2 out of 6 patients with Bowen's disease. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that curcumin is not toxic to humans up to 8,000 mg/day when taken by mouth for 3 months. Our results also suggest a biologic effect of curcumin in the chemoprevention of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Cheng
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei.
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Chen TH, Hsu CS, Tsai PJ, Ho YF, Lin NS. Heterotrimeric G-protein and signal transduction in the nematode-trapping fungus Arthrobotrys dactyloides. Planta 2001; 212:858-863. [PMID: 11346962 DOI: 10.1007/s004250000451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The fungus Arthrobotrys dactyloides produces specialized constricting rings to trap and then consume nematodes. The signal transduction pathway involved in the nematode-trapping process was examined. Mastoparan, an activator of G-protein, had a stimulatory effect on the inflation of ring cells, whereas a G-protein inhibitor, pertussis toxin, prevented ring-cell expansion. The 40-kDa G alpha of heterotrimeric G-proteins was specifically ADP-ribosylated by pertussis toxin. Using an antibody specific to the 35-kDa subunit G beta, we showed that immunogold-labeled G beta was more concentrated in ring cells than in the hyphae. In the absence of nematodes, the rings could be inflated by either pressurizing the culture in a syringe, raising intracellular Ca2+ concentrations, or adding warm water. We used these methods to reveal differences in responses to antagonists. The results support a model in which the pressure exerted by a nematode on the ring activates G-proteins in the ring cells. The activation leads to an increase in cytoplasmic Ca2+, activation of calmodulin, and finally the opening of water channels. The ring cells expand to constrict the ring and thus immobilize the nematode.
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Affiliation(s)
- T H Chen
- Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan 11529.
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Wu RM, Cheng CW, Chen KH, Lu SL, Shan DE, Ho YF, Chern HD. The COMT L allele modifies the association between MAOB polymorphism and PD in Taiwanese. Neurology 2001; 56:375-82. [PMID: 11171904 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.56.3.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reports suggest that catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT(L/L)) (Val(158)/Met) and monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) intron 13 genotype polymorphism is associated with PD. To understand the ethnicity-specific effects of genetic polymorphism, we performed a case-control study of the association between PD susceptibility and polymorphism of MAOB and COMT, both separately and in combination, in Taiwanese. METHODS Two hundred twenty-four patients with PD and 197 controls, matched for age, sex, and birthplace, were recruited. MAOB and COMT polymorphism genotyping was performed by using PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. chi(2), OR, and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare differences in allelic frequencies and genotypes. RESULTS The MAOB G genotype (G in men and G:/G in women) was associated with a 2.07-fold increased relative risk of PD. COMT polymorphism, considered alone, showed no correlation with PD risk; however, a significant synergistic enhancement was found in PD patients harboring both the COMT(L) and MAOB G genotypes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that, in Taiwanese, PD risk is associated with MAOB G intron 13 polymorphism, and this association is augmented in the presence of the COMT(L) genotype, indicating an interaction of these two dopamine-metabolizing enzymes in the pathogenesis of sporadic PD. However, the relatively low frequencies of these combined genotypes in our study necessitates confirmation with a larger sample size.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Wu
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University and National Taiwan University Hospital.
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Abstract
We have developed a method for the rapid isolation of hepatocyte nuclei, which employs gentle homogenization and centrifugation conditions, and involves minimal processing time. The purified nuclei were morphologically unaltered when observed by light and electron microscopy. No significant contamination from cytoplasm or mitochondria was detected when assessed by marker enzymes. Membrane transport function, measured as ATP-dependent calcium uptake, was intact. This isolation method was devised to be applicable to studies that involve measurement of uptake and active transport of a variety of substances by the cell nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Ho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Illnois at Chicago, 60612, USA
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Hsieh MT, Ho YF, Peng WH, Wu CR, Chen CF. Effects of Hemerocallis flava on motor activity and the concentration of central monoamines and its metabolites in rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1996; 52:71-76. [PMID: 8735450 DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(96)01388-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we used behavioral and biochemical methods to investigate the effects of Hemerocallis flava (Liliaceae) (abbreviated as HF) on motor activity and the concentration of monoamines in rats. The water fraction of the resuspended HF extract was most active in reducing the motility in rats. The water fraction of the HF extract enhanced the reduction of locomotor activity produced by alpha-methyl-p-tyrosine and 5-hydroxytryptophan, but it reduced the increase of locomotor activity produced by L-dopa plus benserazide and p-chlorophenylalanine. Furthermore, the water fraction of the HF extract significantly decreased the concentration of norepinepherine in the cortex and the concentration of dopamine and serotonin in the brain stem. It also increased the concentration of vanilylmandelic acid in the cortex, homovanillic acid and 5-hydroxyindole-acetic acid in the brain stem. These results suggest that the reduction of locomotor activity produced by the water fraction of HF extract may be related to the decrease in the concentration of norepinepherine in the cortex and the concentration of dopamine and serotonin in brain stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Hsieh
- Institute of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Abstract
An artery cuff and a fat wrap placed around an anastomosis with only 4 stitches were compared to the conventional 8-10 stitches suturing technique in microvascular anastomosis: 120 vessels in 40 immature male S-D rats were used. Observations were made 1 hour, and 1, 2, 3 and 8 weeks after the repair. The newer techniques were performed faster, had shorter bleeding time and showed equivalent patency rates to the conventional technique. The artery cuff was slightly superior to the fat wrap, particularly in having fewer adhesions and a better histological picture. Clinical applications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L K Hung
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatic Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong
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Abstract
278 geriatric patients with fractured proximal end of the femur were studied retrospectively 1.5-5 years (average 3.5 years) after they received treatment in two hospitals. Of the survivors 63%, 56% were totally pain-free while 15% had varying degrees of hip pain. Only 26.5% could squat fully. The physical activity was inversely proportional to the age. The widowed were doing better than the married with living husbands. Of the three methods of treatment (Austin-Moore hemiarthroplasty, plating and Ender's nailing), the hemiarthroplasty group of patients was doing the best physically. In spite of some positive X-ray findings among the different groups, corresponding clinical manifestations were not encountered.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Leung
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatic Surgery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital
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Abstract
A clinical survey on foot deformities among 166 geriatric inpatients was carried out. Direct measurements on hallux valgus, great toe movements, great toe deformities, lesser toe deformities, arch of the foot, callosities, ankle movements, inversion, and eversion were done by using the goniometer. A specially designed goniometer was created to measure inversion and eversion. The Harris Mat was used to study foot prints in correlation with the various deformities. About 50% of geriatric patients were found to have foot deformities of various types. This compared well with available data in literature. The target population was also checked for their symptomatology which, amazingly, was found to be really insignificant compared with the deformities present. This finding was found to be very much unlike data for Caucasian individuals with foot deformities, 50% of whom had symptoms related to pain and footwear. This major difference in the clinical presentation encourages the authors to carry on their study and, perhaps, direct cross-cultural studies in the future.
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