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Rodino KG, Peaper DR, Kelly BJ, Bushman F, Marques A, Adhikari H, Tu ZJ, Marrero Rolon R, Westblade LF, Green DA, Berry GJ, Wu F, Annavajhala MK, Uhlemann AC, Parikh BA, McMillen T, Jani K, Babady NE, Hahn AM, Koch RT, Grubaugh ND, Rhoads DD. Partial ORF1ab Gene Target Failure with Omicron BA.2.12.1. J Clin Microbiol 2022; 60:e0060022. [PMID: 35582905 PMCID: PMC9199403 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00600-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the genome of SARS-CoV-2 can affect the performance of molecular diagnostic assays. In some cases, such as S-gene target failure, the impact can serve as a unique indicator of a particular SARS-CoV-2 variant and provide a method for rapid detection. Here, we describe partial ORF1ab gene target failure (pOGTF) on the cobas SARS-CoV-2 assays, defined by a ≥2-thermocycle delay in detection of the ORF1ab gene compared to that of the E-gene. We demonstrate that pOGTF is 98.6% sensitive and 99.9% specific for SARS-CoV-2 lineage BA.2.12.1, an emerging variant in the United States with spike L452Q and S704L mutations that may affect transmission, infectivity, and/or immune evasion. Increasing rates of pOGTF closely mirrored rates of BA.2.12.1 sequences uploaded to public databases, and, importantly, increasing local rates of pOGTF also mirrored increasing overall test positivity. Use of pOGTF as a proxy for BA.2.12.1 provides faster tracking of the variant than whole-genome sequencing and can benefit laboratories without sequencing capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle G. Rodino
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvaniagrid.25879.31, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David R. Peaper
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale Universitygrid.47100.32, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Brendan J. Kelly
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvaniagrid.25879.31, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Frederic Bushman
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvaniagrid.25879.31, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvaniagrid.25879.31, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Marques
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvaniagrid.25879.31, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvaniagrid.25879.31, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Hriju Adhikari
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvaniagrid.25879.31, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvaniagrid.25879.31, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zheng Jin Tu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Rebecca Marrero Rolon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicinegrid.471410.7, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lars F. Westblade
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicinegrid.471410.7, New York, New York, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicinegrid.471410.7, New York, New York, USA
| | - Daniel A. Green
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gregory J. Berry
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fann Wu
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Medini K. Annavajhala
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Bijal A. Parikh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Tracy McMillen
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centergrid.51462.34, New York, New York, USA
| | - Krupa Jani
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centergrid.51462.34, New York, New York, USA
| | - N. Esther Babady
- Clinical Microbiology Service, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centergrid.51462.34, New York, New York, USA
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centergrid.51462.34, New York, New York, USA
| | - Anne M. Hahn
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robert T. Koch
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nathan D. Grubaugh
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale Universitygrid.47100.32, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Daniel D. Rhoads
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Infection Biology Program, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Patel SM, Shaik-Dasthagirisaheb YB, Congdon M, Young RR, Patel MZ, Mazhani T, Boiditswe S, Leburu T, Lechiile K, Arscott-Mills T, Steenhoff AP, Feemster KA, Shah SS, Cunningham CK, Pelton SI, Kelly MS. Evolution of pneumococcal serotype epidemiology in Botswana following introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262225. [PMID: 34986196 PMCID: PMC8730465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines reduce the burden of invasive pneumococcal disease, but the sustained effect of these vaccines can be diminished by an increase in disease caused by non-vaccine serotypes. To describe pneumococcal serotype epidemiology in Botswana following introduction of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV-13) in July 2012, we performed molecular serotyping of 268 pneumococcal strains isolated from 221 children between 2012 and 2017. The median (interquartile range) age of the children included in this analysis was 6 (3,12) months. Fifty-nine percent of the children had received at least one dose of PCV-13 and 35% were fully vaccinated with PCV-13. While colonization by vaccine serotypes steadily declined following PCV-13 introduction, 25% of strains isolated more than 3 years after vaccine introduction were PCV-13 serotypes. We also observed an increase in colonization by non-vaccine serotypes 21 and 23B, which have been associated with invasive pneumococcal disease and antibiotic resistance in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta M. Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | | | - Morgan Congdon
- Division of General Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Rebecca R. Young
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Z. Patel
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Tiny Mazhani
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Tirayaone Leburu
- Botswana—University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Kwana Lechiile
- Botswana—University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Tonya Arscott-Mills
- Division of General Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Botswana—University of Pennsylvania Partnership, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Andrew P. Steenhoff
- Division of General Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Kristen A. Feemster
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health Center, Department of Pediatrics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Samir S. Shah
- Divisions of Hospital Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children’s Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States of America
| | - Coleen K. Cunningham
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States of America
| | - Stephen I. Pelton
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Matthew S. Kelly
- Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
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Wood SM, Morales KH, Metzger D, Davis A, Fiore D, Petsis D, Barnett K, Koenig HC, Dowshen N, Gross R, Frank I. Mental Health, Social Influences, and HIV Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Utilization Among Men and Transgender Individuals Screening for HIV Prevention Trials. AIDS Behav 2021; 25:524-531. [PMID: 32860114 PMCID: PMC8546869 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-020-03004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The effects of mental health comorbidities and social support on the HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) care continuum are unknown. We conducted a cross-sectional study of men and transgender individuals, ≥ 18 years-old, with ≥ 2 male or transgender partners, or recent condomless anal intercourse. Surveys assessed demographics, mental health treatment, depressive symptomatology, social support, and PrEP-related social contacts. Logistic regression assessed associations between these factors and PrEP uptake and persistence. Participants (n = 247) were 89% cis-male and 46% African-American. Median age was 27 (IQR:23-33). Thirty-seven percent had ever used PrEP, of whom 18% discontinued use. High depressive symptomology was identified in 11% and 9% were receiving mental health treatment. There were no significant associations between depressive symptoms or mental health treatment on the odds of PrEP uptake or discontinuation. Each additional PrEP contact conferred a greater odds of uptake (aOR:1.24, 95% CI: 1.09-1.42). Network-level targets may produce fruitful interventions to increase PrEP uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Wood
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Roberts Center for Pediatric Research, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 11th Floor, Room 11212, 2716 South St., Philadelphia, PA, 19146, USA.
| | - Knashawn H Morales
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - David Metzger
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Annet Davis
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Danielle Fiore
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Danielle Petsis
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Kezia Barnett
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Helen C Koenig
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nadia Dowshen
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert Gross
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Ian Frank
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Abstract
There is increasing evidence that HIV is an independent risk factor for stroke, resulting in an emerging population of people living with both HIV and stroke all over the world. However, neurorehabilitation strategies for the HIV-stroke population are distinctly lacking, which poses an enormous global health challenge. In order to address this gap, a better understanding of the HIV-stroke population is needed, as well as potential approaches to design effective neurorehabilitation strategies for this population. This review goes into the mechanisms, manifestations, and treatment options of neurologic injury in stroke and HIV, the additional challenges posed by the HIV-stroke population, and rehabilitation engineering approaches for both high and low resource areas. The aim of this review is to connect the underlying neurologic properties in both HIV and stroke to rehabilitation engineering. It reviews what is currently known about the association between HIV and stroke and gaps in current treatment strategies for the HIV-stroke population. We highlight relevant current areas of research that can help advance neurorehabilitation strategies specifically for the HIV-stroke population. We then explore how robot-assisted rehabilitation combined with community-based rehabilitation could be used as a potential approach to meet the challenges posed by the HIV-stroke population. We include some of our own work exploring a community-based robotic rehabilitation exercise system. The most relevant strategies will be ones that not only take into account the individual status of the patient but also the cultural and economic considerations of their respective environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D. Bui
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Rehabilitation Robotics Lab (a GRASP Lab), University of Pennsylvania, 1800 Lombard Street, Philadelphia, 19146 USA
| | - Michelle J. Johnson
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
- Rehabilitation Robotics Lab (a GRASP Lab), University of Pennsylvania, 1800 Lombard Street, Philadelphia, 19146 USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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