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Collingridge Moore D, Garner A, Cotterell N, Harding AJE, Preston N. Long term care facilities in England during the COVID-19 pandemic-a scoping review of guidelines, policy and recommendations. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:394. [PMID: 38702669 PMCID: PMC11069159 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04867-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The disproportionate effect of COVID-19 on long term care facility (LTCF) residents has highlighted the need for clear, consistent guidance on the management of pandemics in such settings. As research exploring the experiences of LTCFs during the pandemic and the implications of mass hospital discharge, restricting staff movement, and limiting visitation from relatives are emerging, an in-depth review of policies, guidance and recommendations issued during this time could facilitate wider understanding in this area. AIMS To identify policies, guidance, and recommendations related to LTCF staff and residents, in England issued by the government during the COVID-19 pandemic, developing a timeline of key events and synthesizing the policy aims, recommendations, implementation and intended outcomes. METHOD A scoping review of publicly available policy documents, guidance, and recommendations related to COVID-19 in LTCFs in England, identified using systematic searches of UK government websites. The main aims, recommendations, implementation and intended outcomes reported in included documents were extracted. Data was analysed using thematic synthesis following a three-stage approach: coding the text, grouping codes into descriptive themes, and development of analytical themes. RESULTS Thirty-three key policy documents were included in the review. Six areas of recommendations were identified: infection prevention and control, hospital discharge, testing and vaccination, staffing, visitation and continuing routine care. Seven areas of implementation were identified: funding, collaborative working, monitoring and data collection, reducing workload, decision making and leadership, training and technology, and communication. DISCUSSION LTCFs remain complex settings, and it is imperative that lessons are learned from the experiences during COVID-19 to ensure that future pandemics are managed appropriately. This review has synthesized the policies issued during this time, however, the extent to which such guidance was communicated to LTCFs, and subsequently implemented, in addition to being effective, requires further research. In particular, understanding the secondary effects of such policies and how they can be introduced within the existing challenges inherent to adult social care, need addressing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Garner
- Lancaster Medical School, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | | | - Nancy Preston
- Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Maggi S, Hock RM, O'Neill M, Buckley M, Moran PM, Bast T, Sami M, Humphries MD. Tracking subjects' strategies in behavioural choice experiments at trial resolution. eLife 2024; 13:e86491. [PMID: 38426402 PMCID: PMC10959529 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Investigating how, when, and what subjects learn during decision-making tasks requires tracking their choice strategies on a trial-by-trial basis. Here, we present a simple but effective probabilistic approach to tracking choice strategies at trial resolution using Bayesian evidence accumulation. We show this approach identifies both successful learning and the exploratory strategies used in decision tasks performed by humans, non-human primates, rats, and synthetic agents. Both when subjects learn and when rules change the exploratory strategies of win-stay and lose-shift, often considered complementary, are consistently used independently. Indeed, we find the use of lose-shift is strong evidence that subjects have latently learnt the salient features of a new rewarded rule. Our approach can be extended to any discrete choice strategy, and its low computational cost is ideally suited for real-time analysis and closed-loop control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Maggi
- School of Psychology, University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Rebecca M Hock
- School of Psychology, University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Martin O'Neill
- School of Psychology, University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
- Department of Health & Nutritional Sciences, Atlantic Technological UniversitySligoIreland
| | - Mark Buckley
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Paula M Moran
- School of Psychology, University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience, University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Tobias Bast
- School of Psychology, University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
- Department of Neuroscience, University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Musa Sami
- Institute of Mental Health, University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
| | - Mark D Humphries
- School of Psychology, University of NottinghamNottinghamUnited Kingdom
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3
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Lewis D, Li KL, Waqar M, Coope DJ, Pathmanaban ON, King AT, Djoukhadar I, Zhao S, Cootes TF, Jackson A, Zhu X. Low-dose GBCA administration for brain tumour dynamic contrast enhanced MRI: a feasibility study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4905. [PMID: 38418818 PMCID: PMC10902320 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-53871-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
A key limitation of current dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI techniques is the requirement for full-dose gadolinium-based contrast agent (GBCA) administration. The purpose of this feasibility study was to develop and assess a new low GBCA dose protocol for deriving high-spatial resolution kinetic parameters from brain DCE-MRI. Nineteen patients with intracranial skull base tumours were prospectively imaged at 1.5 T using a single-injection, fixed-volume low GBCA dose, dual temporal resolution interleaved DCE-MRI acquisition. The accuracy of kinetic parameters (ve, Ktrans, vp) derived using this new low GBCA dose technique was evaluated through both Monte-Carlo simulations (mean percent deviation, PD, of measured from true values) and an in vivo study incorporating comparison with a conventional full-dose GBCA protocol and correlation with histopathological data. The mean PD of data from the interleaved high-temporal-high-spatial resolution approach outperformed use of high-spatial, low temporal resolution datasets alone (p < 0.0001, t-test). Kinetic parameters derived using the low-dose interleaved protocol correlated significantly with parameters derived from a full-dose acquisition (p < 0.001) and demonstrated a significant association with tissue markers of microvessel density (p < 0.05). Our results suggest accurate high-spatial resolution kinetic parameter mapping is feasible with significantly reduced GBCA dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Lewis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK.
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Stott Lane, Salford, Greater Manchester, M6 8HD, UK.
| | - Ka-Loh Li
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mueez Waqar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David J Coope
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Omar N Pathmanaban
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Andrew T King
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ibrahim Djoukhadar
- Department of Neuroradiology, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Sha Zhao
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Timothy F Cootes
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Alan Jackson
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Ormesher L, Catchpole J, Peacock L, Pitt H, Fabian-Hunt A, Hayes D, Popp C, Carson JM, van Loon R, Warrander L, Büchling K, Heazell AEP. The effect of prone positioning on maternal haemodynamics and fetal wellbeing in the third trimester-A primary cohort study with a scoping review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287804. [PMID: 37819872 PMCID: PMC10566740 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Supine sleep position is associated with stillbirth, likely secondary to inferior vena cava compression, and a reduction in cardiac output (CO) and uteroplacental perfusion. Evidence for the effects of prone position in pregnancy is less clear. This study aimed to determine the effect maternal prone position on maternal haemodynamics and fetal heart rate, compared with left lateral position. METHODS Twenty-one women >28 weeks' gestation underwent non-invasive CO monitoring (Cheetah) every 5 minutes and continuous fetal heart rate monitoring (MONICA) in left lateral (20 minutes), prone (30 minutes), followed by left lateral (20 minutes). Anxiety and comfort were assessed by questionnaires. Regression analyses (adjusted for time) compared variables between positions. The information derived from the primary study was used in an existing mathematical model of maternal circulation in pregnancy, to determine whether occlusion of the inferior vena cava could account for the observed effects. In addition, a scoping review was performed to identify reported clinical, haemodynamic and fetal effects of maternal prone position; studies were included if they reported clinical outcomes or effects or maternal prone position in pregnancy. Study records were grouped by publication type for ease of data synthesis and critical analysis. Meta-analysis was performed where there were sufficient studies. RESULTS Maternal blood pressure (BP) and total vascular resistance (TVR) were increased in prone (sBP 109 vs 104 mmHg, p = 0.03; dBP 74 vs 67 mmHg, p = 0.003; TVR 1302 vs 1075 dyne.s-1cm-5, p = 0.03). CO was reduced in prone (5.7 vs 7.1 mL/minute, p = 0.003). Fetal heart rate, variability and decelerations were unaltered. However, fetal accelerations were less common in prone position (86% vs 95%, p = 0.03). Anxiety was reduced after the procedure, compared to beforehand (p = 0.002), despite a marginal decline in comfort (p = 0.04).The model predicted that if occlusion of the inferior vena cava occurred, the sBP, dBP and CO would generally decrease. However, the TVR remained relatively consistent, which implies that the MAP and CO decrease at a similar rate when occlusion occurs. The scoping review found that maternal and fetal outcomes from 47 included case reports of prone positioning during pregnancy were generally favourable. Meta-analysis of three prospective studies investigating maternal haemodynamic effects of prone position found an increase in sBP and maternal heart rate, but no effect on respiratory rate, oxygen saturation or baseline fetal heart rate (though there was significant heterogeneity between studies). CONCLUSION Prone position was associated with a reduction in CO but an uncertain effect on fetal wellbeing. The decline in CO may be due to caval compression, as supported by the computational model. Further work is needed to optimise the safety of prone positioning in pregnancy. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04586283).
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Ormesher
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Saint Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Catchpole
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Linda Peacock
- Saint Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Pitt
- Saint Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Anastasia Fabian-Hunt
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dexter Hayes
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Popp
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Jason M. Carson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Raoul van Loon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Lynne Warrander
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alexander E. P. Heazell
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Saint Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Stanley B, Greig C, Jackson T, Lewis D, Moorey H, Majid Z, Masud T, Pinkney T, Welch C. Investigating the impact of fluid status on the ultrasound assessment of muscle quantity and quality in the diagnosis of sarcopenia - a multidimensional cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:493. [PMID: 37582710 PMCID: PMC10428636 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04177-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is a clinical manifestation of adverse ageing, characterised by progressive loss of muscle mass and function. Diagnosis requires assessment of muscle quantity and quality; ultrasound represents an emerging tool for this. However, ultrasound muscle assessment may be impacted by fluid balance. This is particularly important when assessing for acute sarcopenia in hospitalised patients, where fluid disturbance often occurs. The primary aim of this study was to characterise the impact of fluid status on ultrasound muscle assessment, such that this may be accounted for in sarcopenia diagnostics. METHODS This Multidimensional Cross-sectional study involved 80 participants, who were inpatients at QEHB, a large UK tertiary centre. Fluid status was evaluated clinically and quantified using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA). Muscle quantity was measured using Bilateral Anterior Thigh Thickness (BATT) with Rectus Femoris (RF) echogenicity used to assesses muscle adiposity and hence provide an inverse measure of muscle quality. RESULTS A significant positive correlation was found between fluid status, measured using BIA, and BATT as a measure of muscle quantity, in males (rs = 0.662, p < 0.001) and females (rs = 0.638, p < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was found between fluid status and RF echogenicity (rs=-0.448, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate associations between fluid balance and ultrasound assessment of muscle quantity and quality. Given the emerging use of ultrasound muscle assessment in sarcopenia diagnosis, there is a need to account for this in clinical practice. Future research should focus on the development of a corrective equation allowing assessment of muscle quantity and quality which account for changes in fluid status, hence aiding accurate diagnosis of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Stanley
- Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford Royal, Stott Lane, Salford, M6 8HD, UK.
| | - Carolyn Greig
- Medical Research Council - Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Thomas Jackson
- Medical Research Council - Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Healthcare for Older People, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
| | - Danielle Lewis
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Hannah Moorey
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zainab Majid
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Tahir Masud
- Medical Research Council - Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2UH, UK
| | - Thomas Pinkney
- Academic Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
- Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Carly Welch
- Medical Research Council - Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Department of Healthcare for Older People, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Gregory GE, Jones AP, Haley MJ, Hoyle C, Zeef LAH, Lin IH, Coope DJ, King AT, Evans DG, Paszek P, Couper KN, Brough D, Pathmanaban ON. The comparable tumour microenvironment in sporadic and NF2-related schwannomatosis vestibular schwannoma. Brain Commun 2023; 5:fcad197. [PMID: 37680691 PMCID: PMC10481781 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcad197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilateral vestibular schwannoma is the hallmark of NF2-related schwannomatosis, a rare tumour predisposition syndrome associated with a lifetime of surgical interventions, radiotherapy and off-label use of the anti-angiogenic drug bevacizumab. Unilateral vestibular schwannoma develops sporadically in non-NF2-related schwannomatosis patients for which there are no drug treatment options available. Tumour-infiltrating immune cells such as macrophages and T-cells correlate with increased vestibular schwannoma growth, which is suggested to be similar in sporadic and NF2-related schwannomatosis tumours. However, differences between NF2-related schwannomatosis and the more common sporadic disease include NF2-related schwannomatosis patients presenting an increased number of tumours, multiple tumour types and younger age at diagnosis. A comparison of the tumour microenvironment in sporadic and NF2-related schwannomatosis tumours is therefore required to underpin the development of immunotherapeutic targets, identify the possibility of extrapolating ex vivo data from sporadic vestibular schwannoma to NF2-related schwannomatosis and help inform clinical trial design with the feasibility of co-recruiting sporadic and NF2-related schwannomatosis patients. This study drew together bulk transcriptomic data from three published Affymetrix microarray datasets to compare the gene expression profiles of sporadic and NF2-related schwannomatosis vestibular schwannoma and subsequently deconvolved to predict the abundances of distinct tumour immune microenvironment populations. Data were validated using quantitative PCR and Hyperion imaging mass cytometry. Comparative bioinformatic analyses revealed close similarities in NF2-related schwannomatosis and sporadic vestibular schwannoma tumours across the three datasets. Significant inflammatory markers and signalling pathways were closely matched in NF2-related schwannomatosis and sporadic vestibular schwannoma, relating to the proliferation of macrophages, angiogenesis and inflammation. Bulk transcriptomic and imaging mass cytometry data identified macrophages as the most abundant immune population in vestibular schwannoma, comprising one-third of the cell mass in both NF2-related schwannomatosis and sporadic tumours. Importantly, there were no robust significant differences in signalling pathways, gene expression, cell type abundance or imaging mass cytometry staining between NF2-related schwannomatosis and sporadic vestibular schwannoma. These data indicate strong similarities in the tumour immune microenvironment of NF2-related schwannomatosis and sporadic vestibular schwannoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace E Gregory
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Adam Paul Jones
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael J Haley
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Christopher Hoyle
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Leo A H Zeef
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - I-Hsuan Lin
- Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David J Coope
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - Andrew T King
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
| | - D Gareth Evans
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - Pawel Paszek
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Kevin N Couper
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - David Brough
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Omar N Pathmanaban
- Division of Neuroscience, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- The Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford, UK
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Kaya S, Callan B, Hawthorne S. Non-Invasive, Targeted Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery across a Novel Human BBB Model. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051382. [PMID: 37242623 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly sophisticated system with the ability to regulate compounds transporting through the barrier and reaching the central nervous system (CNS). The BBB protects the CNS from toxins and pathogens but can cause major issues when developing novel therapeutics to treat neurological disorders. PLGA nanoparticles have been developed to successfully encapsulate large hydrophilic compounds for drug delivery. Within this paper, we discuss the encapsulation of a model compound Fitc-dextran, a large molecular weight (70 kDa), hydrophilic compound, with over 60% encapsulation efficiency (EE) within a PLGA nanoparticle (NP). The NP surface was chemically modified with DAS peptide, a ligand that we designed which has an affinity for nicotinic receptors, specifically alpha 7 nicotinic receptors, found on the surface of brain endothelial cells. The attachment of DAS transports the NP across the BBB by receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT). Assessment of the delivery efficacy of the DAS-conjugated Fitc-dextran-loaded PLGA NP was studied in vitro using our optimal triculture in vitro BBB model, which successfully replicates the in vivo BBB environment, producing high TEER (≥230 ) and high expression of ZO1 protein. Utilising our optimal BBB model, we successfully transported fourteen times the concentration of DAS-Fitc-dextran-PLGA NP compared to non-conjugated Fitc-dextran-PLGA NP. Our novel in vitro model is a viable method of high-throughput screening of potential therapeutic delivery systems to the CNS, such as our receptor-targeted DAS ligand-conjugated NP, whereby only lead therapeutic compounds will progress to in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona Kaya
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, N. Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Bridgeen Callan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, N. Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
| | - Susan Hawthorne
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, N. Ireland BT52 1SA, UK
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Welch C, Greig C, Lewis D, Majid Z, Masud T, Moorey H, Pinkney T, Stanley B, Jackson T. Trajectories of muscle quantity, quality and function measurements in hospitalized older adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22:311-318. [PMID: 35246911 PMCID: PMC9313889 DOI: 10.1111/ggi.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM Acute sarcopenia is defined by the development of incident sarcopenia (low muscle quantity/quality and function) within 6 months of a stressor event. However, outcome measures for clinical trials have not been validated. This study aimed to characterize changes in muscle quantity, quality, strength, and physical function during and after hospitalization. METHODS Patients aged ≥70 years admitted for elective colorectal surgery, emergency abdominal surgery or acute infections were recruited from a single university hospital. Assessments were carried out at baseline, and within 7 ± 2 days and 13 ± 1 weeks postoperatively or post-admission. RESULTS A total of 79 participants (mean age 79 years, 39% female) were included. Physical function defined by the Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Information System T-score declined from baseline (42.3, 95% CI 40.2-44.3) to 7 days (36.6, 95% CI 34.5-38.8; P = 0.001), with improvement after 13 weeks (40.5, 95% CI 37.9-43.0). Changes in muscle quantity, quality and function measurements were overall heterogeneous, with few significant changes at the study population level. Change in rectus femoris echogenicity over 13 weeks correlated with changes in handgrip strength (r = 0.53; P < 0.001) and gait speed (r = 0.59; P = 0.003) over the same period. CONCLUSIONS Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Information System T-score provides a sensitive measure of change in physical function in hospitalized older patients. However, changes in muscle quantity, quality and function measurements were heterogeneous, and not significant at the study population level. Further research should assess for factors that might be predictive of changes within individuals to enable stratified interventions. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 311-318.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Welch
- Medical Research Council (MRC) – Versus Arthritis Center for Musculoskeletal Aging ResearchUniversity of Birmingham and University of NottinghamBirminghamUK
- Institute of Inflammation and Aging, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK
| | - Carolyn Greig
- Medical Research Council (MRC) – Versus Arthritis Center for Musculoskeletal Aging ResearchUniversity of Birmingham and University of NottinghamBirminghamUK
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Birmingham Biomedical Research CenterUniversity of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK
| | - Danielle Lewis
- Institute of Inflammation and Aging, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Zeinab Majid
- Institute of Inflammation and Aging, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK
| | - Tahir Masud
- Medical Research Council (MRC) – Versus Arthritis Center for Musculoskeletal Aging ResearchUniversity of Birmingham and University of NottinghamBirminghamUK
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS TrustNottinghamUK
- University of NottinghamNottinghamUK
| | - Hannah Moorey
- Institute of Inflammation and Aging, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK
| | - Thomas Pinkney
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK
- Academic Department of SurgeryUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Benjamin Stanley
- Institute of Inflammation and Aging, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Thomas Jackson
- Medical Research Council (MRC) – Versus Arthritis Center for Musculoskeletal Aging ResearchUniversity of Birmingham and University of NottinghamBirminghamUK
- Institute of Inflammation and Aging, College of Medical and Dental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK
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Welch C, Greig C, Masud T, Jackson TA. Muscle quantity and function measurements are acceptable to older adults during and post- hospitalisation: results of a questionnaire-based study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:141. [PMID: 33632138 PMCID: PMC7905966 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02091-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the acceptability of handgrip strength, gait speed, quadriceps ultrasound, and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) to older adults conducted during and following hospitalisation. METHODS Questionnaire-based study conducted upon completion of prospective cohort study, with follow-up in either Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham (QEHB), UK, or participant's own home following recent admission to QEHB. Outcome measures were acceptability as defined by total multi-domain score for each test (maximum score 35), and by frailty status. RESULTS Forty adults aged 70 years and older admitted for emergency abdominal surgery, elective colorectal surgery, or acute bacterial infections (general medicine) participated. Handgrip strength (median 33, IQR 30-35; p = 0.001), gait speed (median 32, IQR 30-35; p = 0.002), ultrasound quadriceps (median 33, IQR 31-35; p = 0.001), and BIA (median 33.5, IQR 31-35; p = 0.001) were considered highly acceptable. Participants responded positively that they enjoyed participating in these tests, and considered these tests of importance. There was no difference in scores between tests (p = 0.166). Individual total test scores did not differ between patients with and without frailty. Qualitative data are also presented on drivers for research participation. CONCLUSIONS Handgrip strength, gait speed, ultrasound quadriceps, and BIA are acceptable tests to older adults during and following hospitalisation. Our results may serve as standards when evaluating acceptability of other tests. TRIAL REGISTRATION Prospectively registered February 2019: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03858192.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Welch
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Birmingham, UK.
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK.
| | - Carolyn Greig
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Tahir Masud
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Birmingham, UK
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK
| | - Thomas A Jackson
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, B15 2GW, UK
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Welch C, Greig CA, Masud T, Pinkney T, Jackson TA. Protocol for understanding acute sarcopenia: a cohort study to characterise changes in muscle quantity and physical function in older adults following hospitalisation. BMC Geriatr 2020; 20:239. [PMID: 32650734 PMCID: PMC7350619 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-020-01626-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults are vulnerable to the effects of acute sarcopenia (acute muscle insufficiency) following hospitalisation. However, this condition remains poorly characterised to date. It is hypothesised that acute sarcopenia arises due to a combination of bed rest and inflammatory surge. This study aims to characterise changes in muscle quantity and function, determining which factors (clinical and biological) are most predictive, and how these relate to change in physical function at 13 weeks. METHODS This study will include three groups of patients aged 70 years and older; patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery, patients admitted for emergency abdominal surgery, and patients admitted under general medicine with acute bacterial infections. Changes in muscle quantity (Bilateral Anterior Thigh Thickness with ultrasound and bioelectrical impedance analysis) and muscle function (muscle strength, physical performance) within 1 week of hospitalisation or surgery will be characterised, with follow-up of patients at 13 weeks. Physical function will be measured using the Patient Reported Outcome Measures Information System, and the Short Physical Performance Battery (or gait speed alone within 1 week of surgery). DISCUSSION This study will fully characterise changes in muscle quantity and function in hospitalised older adults and enable risk stratification towards targeted interventions in clinical practice. The results of this study will inform further research involving interventions to ameliorate changes. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03858192 ; Prospectively registered 28th February 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly Welch
- Medical Research Council and Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Birmingham and Nottingham, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B152GW UK
| | - Carolyn A. Greig
- Medical Research Council and Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Birmingham and Nottingham, UK
- Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University of Birmingham and University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT UK
| | - Tahir Masud
- Medical Research Council and Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Birmingham and Nottingham, UK
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
- Clinical Gerontology Research Unit (CGRU), First Floor, South Corridor, City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB UK
| | - Thomas Pinkney
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Academic Department of Surgery, University of Birmingham, Room 29, 4th Floor, Heritage Building, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TH UK
| | - Thomas A. Jackson
- Medical Research Council and Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham and University of Nottingham, Birmingham and Nottingham, UK
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- University of Birmingham Research Laboratories, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Mindelsohn Way, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B152GW UK
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Bakshi HA, Zoubi MSA, Faruck HL, Aljabali AAA, Rabi FA, Hafiz AA, Al-Batanyeh KM, Al-Trad B, Ansari P, Nasef MM, Charbe NB, Satija S, Mehta M, Mishra V, Gupta G, Abobaker S, Negi P, Azzouz IM, Dardouri AAK, Dureja H, Prasher P, Chellappan DK, Dua K, Silva MWD, Tanani ME, McCarron PA, M. Tambuwala M. Dietary Crocin is Protective in Pancreatic Cancer while Reducing Radiation-Induced Hepatic Oxidative Damage. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061901. [PMID: 32604971 PMCID: PMC7353213 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the fatal causes of global cancer-related deaths. Although surgery and chemotherapy are standard treatment options, post-treatment outcomes often end in a poor prognosis. In the present study, we investigated anti-pancreatic cancer and amelioration of radiation-induced oxidative damage by crocin. Crocin is a carotenoid isolated from the dietary herb saffron, a prospect for novel leads as an anti-cancer agent. Crocin significantly reduced cell viability of BXPC3 and Capan-2 by triggering caspase signaling via the downregulation of Bcl-2. It modulated the expression of cell cycle signaling proteins P53, P21, P27, CDK2, c-MYC, Cyt-c and P38. Concomitantly, crocin treatment-induced apoptosis by inducing the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol. Microarray analysis of the expression signature of genes induced by crocin showed a substantial number of genes involved in cell signaling pathways and checkpoints (723) are significantly affected by crocin. In mice bearing pancreatic tumors, crocin significantly reduced tumor burden without a change in body weight. Additionally, it showed significant protection against radiation-induced hepatic oxidative damage, reduced the levels of hepatic toxicity and preserved liver morphology. These findings indicate that crocin has a potential role in the treatment, prevention and management of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid A. Bakshi
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (M.W.D.S.); (P.A.M.)
- Correspondence: or (H.A.B.); (H.L.F.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Mazhar S Al Zoubi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 566, Jordan;
| | - Hakkim L. Faruck
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar University, Salalah 211, Oman
- Correspondence: or (H.A.B.); (H.L.F.); (M.M.T.)
| | - Alaa A A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 566, Jordan;
| | - Firas A. Rabi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Amin A. Hafiz
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid M Al-Batanyeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 566, Jordan; (K.M.A.-B.); (B.A.-T.)
| | - Bahaa Al-Trad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 566, Jordan; (K.M.A.-B.); (B.A.-T.)
| | - Prawej Ansari
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK;
| | - Mohamed M. Nasef
- Department of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Queensgate, Huddersfield HD13DH, UK;
| | - Nitin B. Charbe
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 340, Región Metropolitana, Chile;
| | - Saurabh Satija
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (S.S.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Meenu Mehta
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (S.S.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, India; (S.S.); (M.M.); (V.M.)
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura, Mahal Road, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302017, India;
| | - Salem Abobaker
- Department of Gynecology, European Competence Center for Ovarian Cancer, Campus Virchow, Klinikum Charite-Universitatmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Bajhol, Sultanpur, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India;
| | - Ibrahim M. Azzouz
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Charite-Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universitat Berlin, Chariteplatz1, 10117 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Ashref Ali K Dardouri
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD13DH, UK;
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, Haryana 124001, India;
| | - Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India;
| | - Dinesh K. Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia;
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Bajhol, Sultanpur, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229, India;
| | - Mateus Webba Da Silva
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (M.W.D.S.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Mohamed El Tanani
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan;
| | - Paul A. McCarron
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (M.W.D.S.); (P.A.M.)
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK; (M.W.D.S.); (P.A.M.)
- Correspondence: or (H.A.B.); (H.L.F.); (M.M.T.)
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12
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Stolbrink M, Bonnett LJ, Blakey JD. Antibiotics for COPD exacerbations: does drug or duration matter? A primary care database analysis. BMJ Open Respir Res 2019; 6:e000458. [PMID: 31681477 PMCID: PMC6797433 DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2019-000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Antibiotics are routinely given to people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) presenting with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) symptoms in primary care. Population prescribing habits and their consequences have not been well-described. Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of antibiotic prescriptions for non-pneumonic exacerbations of COPD from 2010 to 2015 using the UK primary care Optimum Patient Care Research Database. As a proxy of initial treatment failure, second antibiotic prescriptions for LRTI or all indications within 14 days were the primary and secondary outcomes, respectively. We derived a model for repeat courses using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 8.4% of the 9042 incident events received further antibiotics for LRTI, 15.5% further courses for any indication. Amoxicillin and doxycycline were the most common index and second-line drugs, respectively (58.7% and 28.7%), mostly given for 7 days. Index drugs other than amoxicillin, cardiovascular disease, pneumococcal vaccination and more primary care consultations were statistically significantly associated with repeat prescriptions for LRTI (p<0.05). The ORs and 95% CIs were: OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.49; OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.66; OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.55 and OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.07, respectively. Index duration, inhaled steroid use and exacerbation frequency were not statistically significant. The derived model had an area under the curve of 0.61, 95% CI 0.59 to 0.63. Discussion The prescription of multiple antibiotic courses for COPD exacerbations was relatively common-one in twelve patients receiving antibiotics for LRTI had a further course within 2 weeks. The findings support the current preference for amoxicillin as index drug within the limitations of this observational study. Further clinical trials to determine best practice in this common clinical situation appear required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Stolbrink
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Laura J Bonnett
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - John D Blakey
- Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Cotlarciuc I, Marjot T, Khan MS, Hiltunen S, Haapaniemi E, Metso TM, Putaala J, Zuurbier SM, Brouwer MC, Passamonti SM, Bucciarelli P, Pappalardo E, Patel T, Costa P, Colombi M, Canhão P, Tkach A, Santacroce R, Margaglione M, Favuzzi G, Grandone E, Colaizzo D, Spengos K, Arauz A, Hodge A, Ditta R, Debette S, Zedde M, Pare G, Ferro JM, Thijs V, Pezzini A, Majersik JJ, Martinelli I, Coutinho JM, Tatlisumak T, Sharma P. Towards the genetic basis of cerebral venous thrombosis-the BEAST Consortium: a study protocol. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e012351. [PMID: 27881526 PMCID: PMC5128947 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) is a rare cerebrovascular condition accounting for <1% of all stroke cases and mainly affects young adults. Its genetic aetiology is not clearly elucidated. METHODS AND ANALYSIS To better understand the genetic basis of CVT, we have established an international biobank of CVT cases, Biorepository to Establish the Aetiology of Sinovenous Thrombosis (BEAST) which aims to recruit highly phenotyped cases initially of European descent and later from other populations. To date we have recruited 745 CVT cases from 12 research centres. As an initial step, the consortium plans to undertake a genome-wide association analysis of CVT using the Illumina Infinium HumanCoreExome BeadChip to assess the association and impact of common and low-frequency genetic variants on CVT risk by using a case-control study design. Replication will be performed to confirm putative findings. Furthermore, we aim to identify interactions of genetic variants with several environmental and comorbidity factors which will likely contribute to improve the understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying this complex disease. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION BEAST meets all ethical standards set by local institutional review boards for each of the participating sites. The research outcomes will be published in international peer-reviewed open-access journals with high impact and visibility. The results will be presented at national and international meetings to highlight the contributions into improving the understanding of the mechanisms underlying this uncommon but important disease. This international DNA repository will become an important resource for investigators in the field of haematological and vascular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Cotlarciuc
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research Royal Holloway, University of London (ICR2UL), London, UK
| | - Thomas Marjot
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Oxford, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Muhammad S Khan
- Department of Restorative Neuroscience, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sini Hiltunen
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elena Haapaniemi
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina M Metso
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jukka Putaala
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Susanna M Zuurbier
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthijs C Brouwer
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Serena M Passamonti
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Bucciarelli
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Pappalardo
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Tasmin Patel
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research Royal Holloway, University of London (ICR2UL), London, UK
| | - Paolo Costa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marina Colombi
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Biology and Genetics, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Patrícia Canhão
- Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Aleksander Tkach
- Department of Neurology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Rosa Santacroce
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Margaglione
- Medical Genetics, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Favuzzi
- Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Elvira Grandone
- Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Donatella Colaizzo
- Atherosclerosis and Thrombosis Unit, IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Foggia, Italy
| | - Kostas Spengos
- Department of Neurology, University of Athens School of Medicine, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Antonio Arauz
- Stroke Clinic, National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery Manuel Velasco Suarez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Amanda Hodge
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Population Health Research Institute and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reina Ditta
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Population Health Research Institute and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stephanie Debette
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marialuisa Zedde
- Neurology Unit, Stroke Unit, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova—IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Guillaume Pare
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Population Health Research Institute and Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - José M Ferro
- Department of Neurosciences, Hospital de Santa Maria, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Vincent Thijs
- Department of Neurology, Austin Health and Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alessandro Pezzini
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Neurology Clinic, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - Ida Martinelli
- Angelo Bianchi Bonomi Hemophilia and Thrombosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Jonathan M Coutinho
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Turgut Tatlisumak
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Neurology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pankaj Sharma
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research Royal Holloway, University of London (ICR2UL), London, UK
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