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Bazard P, Ding B, Chittam HK, Zhu X, Parks TA, Taylor-Clark TE, Bhethanabotla VR, Frisina RD, Walton JP. Aldosterone up-regulates voltage-gated potassium currents and NKCC1 protein membrane fractions. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15604. [PMID: 32973172 PMCID: PMC7515911 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72450-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Na+-K+-2Cl- Cotransporter (NKCC1) is a protein that aids in the active transport of sodium, potassium, and chloride ions across cell membranes. It has been shown that long-term systemic treatment with aldosterone (ALD) can enhance NKCC1 protein expression and activity in the aging cochlea resulting in improved hearing. In the present work, we used a cell line with confirmed NKCC1 expression to demonstrate that in vitro application of ALD increased outward voltage-gated potassium currents significantly, and simultaneously upregulated whole lysate and membrane portion NKCC1 protein expression. These ALD-induced changes were blocked by applying the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone. However, application of the NKCC1 inhibitor bumetanide or the potassium channel antagonist Tetraethyl ammonium had no effect. In addition, NKKC1 mRNA levels remained stable, indicating that ALD modulates NKCC1 protein expression via the activation of mineralocorticoid receptors and post-transcriptional modifications. Further, in vitro electrophysiology experiments, with ALD in the presence of NKCC1, K+ channel and mineralocorticoid receptor inhibitors, revealed interactions between NKCC1 and outward K+ channels, mediated by a mineralocorticoid receptor-ALD complex. These results provide evidence of the therapeutic potential of ALD for the prevention/treatment of inner ear disorders such as age-related hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Bazard
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Bo Ding
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Harish K Chittam
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Thomas A Parks
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Thomas E Taylor-Clark
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
| | - Venkat R Bhethanabotla
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Robert D Frisina
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
- Department Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Behavioral and Communication Sciences, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Joseph P Walton
- Department of Medical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
- Department Communication Sciences and Disorders, College of Behavioral and Communication Sciences, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33620, USA.
- Global Center for Hearing and Speech Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA.
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Renfrow JJ, Soike MH, West JL, Ramkissoon SH, Metheny-Barlow L, Mott RT, Kittel CA, D'Agostino RB, Tatter SB, Laxton AW, Frenkel MB, Hawkins GA, Herpai D, Sanders S, Sarkaria JN, Lesser GJ, Debinski W, Strowd RE. Attenuating hypoxia driven malignant behavior in glioblastoma with a novel hypoxia-inducible factor 2 alpha inhibitor. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15195. [PMID: 32938997 PMCID: PMC7495485 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72290-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia inducible factor (HIFs) signaling contributes to malignant cell behavior in glioblastoma (GBM). We investigated a novel HIF2α inhibitor, PT2385, both in vitro, with low-passage patient-derived cell lines, and in vivo, using orthotopic models of glioblastoma. We focused on analysis of HIF2α expression in situ, cell survival/proliferation, and survival in brain tumor-bearing mice treated with PT2385 alone and in combination with standard of care chemoradiotherapy. HIF2α expression increased with glioma grade, with over half of GBM specimens HIF2α positive. Staining clustered in perivascular and perinecrotic tumor regions. Cellular phenotype including proliferation, viability, migration/invasion, and also gene expression were not altered after PT2385 treatment. In the animal model, PT2385 single-agent treatment did improve median overall survival compared to placebo (p = 0.04, n = 21) without a bioluminescence correlate (t = 0.67, p = 0.52). No difference in animal survival was seen in combination treatment with radiation (RT)/temozolomide (TMZ)/PT2385 (p = 0.44, n = 10) or mean tumor bioluminescence (t 1.13, p = 0.32). We conclude that HIF2α is a reasonable novel therapeutic target as expressed in the majority of glioblastomas in our cohort. PT2385 as a single-agent was efficacious in vivo, however, an increase in animal survival was not seen with PT2385 in combination with RT/TMZ. Further study for targeting HIF2α as a therapeutic approach in GBM is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn J Renfrow
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA.
- One Medical Center Drive, Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Michael H Soike
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - James L West
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Shakti H Ramkissoon
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Foundation Medicine, Inc., Morrisville, NC, USA
| | - Linda Metheny-Barlow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ryan T Mott
- Department of Pathology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carol A Kittel
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Ralph B D'Agostino
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stephen B Tatter
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Adrian W Laxton
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mark B Frenkel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Gregory A Hawkins
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Denise Herpai
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie Sanders
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jann N Sarkaria
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Glenn J Lesser
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine - Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Waldemar Debinski
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Roy E Strowd
- Brain Tumor Center of Excellence, Wake Forest Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine - Section on Hematology and Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Neurology, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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3
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Fine J, Lackner R, Samudrala R, Chopra G. Computational chemoproteomics to understand the role of selected psychoactives in treating mental health indications. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13155. [PMID: 31511563 PMCID: PMC6739337 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
We have developed the Computational Analysis of Novel Drug Opportunities (CANDO) platform to infer homology of drug behaviour at a proteomic level by constructing and analysing structural compound-proteome interaction signatures of 3,733 compounds with 48,278 proteins in a shotgun manner. We applied the CANDO platform to predict putative therapeutic properties of 428 psychoactive compounds that belong to the phenylethylamine, tryptamine, and cannabinoid chemical classes for treating mental health indications. Our findings indicate that these 428 psychoactives are among the top-ranked predictions for a significant fraction of mental health indications, demonstrating a significant preference for treating such indications over non-mental health indications, relative to randomized controls. Also, we analysed the use of specific tryptamines for the treatment of sleeping disorders, bupropion for substance abuse disorders, and cannabinoids for epilepsy. Our innovative use of the CANDO platform may guide the identification and development of novel therapies for mental health indications and provide an understanding of their causal basis on a detailed mechanistic level. These predictions can be used to provide new leads for preclinical drug development for mental health and other neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Fine
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Rachel Lackner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ram Samudrala
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Gaurav Chopra
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue Institute for Integrative Neuroscience, Purdue Institute for Immunology, Inflammation and Infectious Disease, Integrative Data Science Initiative, Purdue Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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4
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Abstract
Groupwise registration aligns a set of images to a common space. It can however be inefficient and ineffective when dealing with datasets with significant anatomical variations. To mitigate these problems, we propose a groupwise registration framework based on hierarchical multi-level and multi-resolution shrinkage of a graph set. First, to deal with datasets with complex inhomogeneous image distributions, we divide the images hierarchically into multiple clusters. Since the images in each cluster have similar appearances, they can be registered effectively. Second, we employ a multi-resolution strategy to reduce computational cost. Experimental results on two public datasets show that our proposed method yields state-of-the-art registration accuracy with significantly reduced computational time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Dong
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Xiaohuan Cao
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Pew-Thian Yap
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Dinggang Shen
- Department of Radiology and BRIC, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Sutaria DS, Jiang J, Azevedo-Pouly AC, Wright L, Bray JA, Fredenburg K, Liu X, Lu J, Torres C, Mancinelli G, Grippo PJ, Coppola V, Schmittgen TD. Knockout of Acinar Enriched microRNAs in Mice Promote Duct Formation But Not Pancreatic Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11147. [PMID: 31367007 PMCID: PMC6668398 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47566-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreatic acinar-enriched miR-216a, miR-216b and miR-217 are encoded within the miR217HG. These miRNAs have been purported to play a tumor suppressive role as their expression is reduced in both human and mouse pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). To examine this possibility, we generated individual, germline knockout (KO) mice of miR-216a, miR-216b or miR-217. Unlike our previous study showing germline deletion of the miR217HG was embryonic lethal, CRISPR-Cas9 deleted portions of the 5' seed region of the miRNAs produced live births. To investigate possible phenotypes during pancreatic acinar ductal metaplasia (ADM), pancreatic acini from wild type and KO mice were plated on collagen and allowed to transdifferentiate over 4 days. Acini from each of the three miRNA KO mice produced greater numbers of ducts compared to controls. Evaluation of the gene expression during in vitro ADM demonstrated an increase in Krt19 and a reduction in acinar genes (Carboxypeptidase A1, Amylase2a) on day 4 of the transdifferentiation. Recovery was delayed for the miR-216a and miR-216b KOs following caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis. Also predominate in the caerulein treated miR-216a and miR-216b KO mice was the presence of pancreatic duct glands (PDGs). To further establish a phenotype, miRNA KO mice were crossed with EL-KRASG12D (EK) mice and followed up to 13 months of age. While all mice developed severe dysplasia and cystic papillary neoplasms, there existed no apparent phenotypic difference in the miRNA KO/EK mice compared to EK mice. Our data does not support a tumor suppressor role for miR-216a, miR-216b or miR-217 in PDAC and emphasizes the need for phenotypic evaluation of miRNAs in complex in vivo models beyond that performed using cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhruvitkumar S Sutaria
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jinmai Jiang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ana Clara Azevedo-Pouly
- National Center for Toxicological Research, Food and Drug Administration, Jefferson, AR, USA
| | - Lais Wright
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julie A Bray
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - Xiuli Liu
- Department of Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jun Lu
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital University, Beijing, China
| | - Carolina Torres
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Paul J Grippo
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vincenzo Coppola
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas D Schmittgen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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6
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Katz ZB, Zhang C, Quintana A, Lillemeier BF, Hogan PG. Septins organize endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane junctions for STIM1-ORAI1 calcium signalling. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10839. [PMID: 31346209 PMCID: PMC6658532 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46862-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ORAI1 Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane (PM) are gated by STIM1 at endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-PM junctions to effect store-dependent Ca2+ entry into cells, but little is known about how local STIM-ORAI signalling at junctions is coordinated with overall cellular architecture. Filamentous septins can specify cytoskeletal rearrangements and have been found recently to modulate STIM-ORAI signalling. Here we show by super-resolution imaging of ORAI1, STIM1, and septin 4 in living cells that septins facilitate Ca2+ signalling indirectly. Septin 4 does not colocalize preferentially with ORAI1 in resting or stimulated cells, assemble stably at ER-PM junctions, or specify a boundary that directs or confines ORAI1 to junctions. Rather, ORAI1 is recruited to junctions solely through interaction with STIM proteins, while septins regulate the number of ER-PM junctions and enhance STIM1-ORAI1 interactions within junctions. Thus septins communicate with STIM1 and ORAI1 through protein or lipid intermediaries, and are favorably positioned to coordinate Ca2+ signalling with rearrangements in cellular architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary B Katz
- Division of Signalling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis & Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Chen Zhang
- Division of Signalling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ariel Quintana
- Division of Signalling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Translational Science Division, Clinical Science Department, Moffitt Cancer Center Magnolia Campus, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Björn F Lillemeier
- NOMIS Center for Immunobiology and Microbial Pathogenesis & Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
| | - Patrick G Hogan
- Division of Signalling and Gene Expression, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Program in Immunology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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7
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Tapial S, Olmedillas-López S, Rueda D, Arriba M, García JL, Vivas A, Pérez J, Pena-Couso L, Olivera R, Rodríguez Y, García-Arranz M, García-Olmo D, González-Sarmiento R, Urioste M, Goel A, Perea J. Cimp-Positive Status is More Representative in Multiple Colorectal Cancers than in Unique Primary Colorectal Cancers. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10516. [PMID: 31324877 PMCID: PMC6642151 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47014-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) with CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) is recognized as a subgroup of CRC that shows association with particular genetic defects and patient outcomes. We analyzed CIMP status of 229 individuals with CRC using an eight-marker panel (CACNA1G, CDKN2A, CRABP1, IGF2, MLH1, NEUROG1, RUNX3 and SOCS1); CIMP-(+) tumors were defined as having ≥ 5 methylated markers. Patients were divided into individuals who developed a "unique" CRC, which were subclassified into early-onset CRC (EOCRC) and late-onset CRC (LOCRC), and patients with multiple primary CRCs subclassified into synchronous CRC (SCRC) and metachronous CRC (MCRC). We found 9 (15.2%) CIMP-(+) EOCRC patients related with the proximal colon (p = 0.008), and 19 (26.8%) CIMP-(+) LOCRC patients associated with tumor differentiation (p = 0.045), MSI status (p = 0.021) and BRAF mutation (p = 0.001). Thirty-five (64.8%) SCRC patients had at least one CIMP-(+) tumor and 20 (44.4%) MCRC patients presented their first tumor as CIMP-(+). Thirty-nine (72.2%) SCRC patients showed concordant CIMP status in their simultaneous tumors. The differences in CIMP-(+) frequency between groups may reflect the importance of taking into account several criteria for the development of multiple primary neoplasms. Additionally, the concordance between synchronous tumors suggests CIMP status is generally maintained in SCRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Tapial
- Digestive Cancer Research Group, 12 de Octubre Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Laboratory, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Olmedillas-López
- New Therapies Laboratory, Foundation Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Rueda
- Digestive Cancer Research Group, 12 de Octubre Research Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Hereditary Cancer Laboratory, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Arriba
- Department of Biochemistry, Gregorio Marañón University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan L García
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca-USAL-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Alfredo Vivas
- Surgery Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jessica Pérez
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca-USAL-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Laura Pena-Couso
- Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío Olivera
- New Therapies Laboratory, Foundation Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yolanda Rodríguez
- Pathology Department, University Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano García-Arranz
- New Therapies Laboratory, Foundation Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Damián García-Olmo
- New Therapies Laboratory, Foundation Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Surgery Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rogelio González-Sarmiento
- Biomedical Research Institute of Salamanca (IBSAL), University Hospital of Salamanca-USAL-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology of Cancer (IBMCC), University of Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, Spain.
| | - Miguel Urioste
- Familial Cancer Clinical Unit, Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER). Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ajay Goel
- Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center 1218S, Fifth Avenue, Monrovia, CA, 91016, USA.
| | - José Perea
- Surgery Department, Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain.
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Zaitoun IS, Wintheiser CM, Jamali N, Wang S, Suscha A, Darjatmoko SR, Schleck K, Hanna BA, Lindner V, Sheibani N, Sorenson CM. Bcl-2 Expression in Pericytes and Astrocytes Impacts Vascular Development and Homeostasis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9700. [PMID: 31273232 PMCID: PMC6609701 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45915-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein is the founding member of a group of proteins known to modulate apoptosis. Its discovery set the stage for identification of family members with either pro- or anti-apoptotic properties. Expression of Bcl-2 plays an important role during angiogenesis by influencing not only vascular cell survival, but also migration and adhesion. Although apoptosis and migration are postulated to have roles during vascular remodeling and regression, the contribution of Bcl-2 continues to emerge. We previously noted that the impaired retinal vascularization and an inability to undergo pathologic neovascularization observed in mice globally lacking Bcl-2 did not occur when mice lacked the expression of Bcl-2 only in endothelial cells. To further examine the effect of Bcl-2 expression during vascularization of the retina, we assessed its contribution in pericytes or astrocytes by generating mice with a conditional Bcl-2 allele (Bcl-2Flox/Flox) and Pdgfrb-cre (Bcl-2PC mice) or Gfap-cre (Bcl-2AC mice). Bcl-2PC and Bcl-2AC mice demonstrated increased retinal vascular cell apoptosis, reduced numbers of pericytes and endothelial cells and fewer arteries and veins in the retina. Bcl-2PC mice also demonstrated delayed advancement of the superficial retinal vascular layer and aberrant vascularization of the deep vascular plexus and central retina. Although pathologic neovascularization in oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy (OIR) was not affected by lack of expression of Bcl-2 in either pericytes or astrocytes, laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was significantly reduced in Bcl-2PC mice compared to littermate controls. Together these studies begin to reveal how cell autonomous modulation of apoptosis in vascular cells impacts development and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismail S Zaitoun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Catherine M Wintheiser
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nasim Jamali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shoujian Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrew Suscha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Soesiawati R Darjatmoko
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Katherine Schleck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Barbara A Hanna
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Volkhard Lindner
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Maine Medical Center Research Institute, Scarborough, ME, USA
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christine M Sorenson
- McPherson Eye Research Institute, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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9
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Schwier M, van Griethuysen J, Vangel MG, Pieper S, Peled S, Tempany C, Aerts HJWL, Kikinis R, Fennessy FM, Fedorov A. Repeatability of Multiparametric Prostate MRI Radiomics Features. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9441. [PMID: 31263116 PMCID: PMC6602944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45766-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we assessed the repeatability of radiomics features on small prostate tumors using test-retest Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI). The premise of radiomics is that quantitative image-based features can serve as biomarkers for detecting and characterizing disease. For such biomarkers to be useful, repeatability is a basic requirement, meaning its value must remain stable between two scans, if the conditions remain stable. We investigated repeatability of radiomics features under various preprocessing and extraction configurations including various image normalization schemes, different image pre-filtering, and different bin widths for image discretization. Although we found many radiomics features and preprocessing combinations with high repeatability (Intraclass Correlation Coefficient > 0.85), our results indicate that overall the repeatability is highly sensitive to the processing parameters. Neither image normalization, using a variety of approaches, nor the use of pre-filtering options resulted in consistent improvements in repeatability. We urge caution when interpreting radiomics features and advise paying close attention to the processing configuration details of reported results. Furthermore, we advocate reporting all processing details in radiomics studies and strongly recommend the use of open source implementations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schwier
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Mark G Vangel
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | | | - Sharon Peled
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clare Tempany
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hugo J W L Aerts
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ron Kikinis
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Fraunhofer MEVIS, Bremen, Germany
- Mathematics/Computer Science Faculty, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Fiona M Fennessy
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andriy Fedorov
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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10
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Epeldegui M, Conti DV, Guo Y, Cozen W, Penichet ML, Martínez-Maza O. Elevated numbers of PD-L1 expressing B cells are associated with the development of AIDS-NHL. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9371. [PMID: 31253857 PMCID: PMC6599055 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45479-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The risk for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is markedly increased in persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, and remains elevated in those on anti-retroviral therapy (cART). Both the loss of immunoregulation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infected cells, as well as chronic B-cell activation, are believed to contribute to the genesis of AIDS-related NHL (AIDS-NHL). However, the mechanisms that lead to AIDS-NHL have not been completely defined. A subset of B cells that is characterized by the secretion of IL10, as well as the expression of the programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1/CD274), was recently described. These PD-L1+ B cells can exert regulatory function, including the dampening of T-cell activation, by interacting with the program cell death protein (PD1) on target cells. The role of PD-L1+ B cells in the development of AIDS-NHL has not been explored. We assessed B cell PD-L1 expression on B cells preceding AIDS-NHL diagnosis in a nested case-control study of HIV+ subjects who went on to develop AIDS-NHL, as well as HIV+ subjects who did not, using multi-color flow cytometry. Archival frozen viable PBMC were obtained from the UCLA Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS). It was seen that the number of CD19+CD24++CD38++and CD19+PD-L1+cells was significantly elevated in cases 1-4 years prior to AIDS-NHL diagnosis, compared to controls, raising the possibility that these cells may play a role in the etiology of AIDS-NHL. Interestingly, most PD-L1+ expression on CD19+ cells was seen on CD19+CD24++CD38++ cells. In addition, we showed that HIV can directly induce PD-L1 expression on B cells through interaction of virion-associated CD40L with CD40 on B cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Epeldegui
- UCLA AIDS Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - David V Conti
- Department of Preventive Medicine Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yu Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Wendy Cozen
- Department of Preventive Medicine Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine and Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Manuel L Penichet
- UCLA AIDS Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- The Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Otoniel Martínez-Maza
- UCLA AIDS Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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11
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Thompson J, Hu J, Mudaranthakam DP, Streeter D, Neums L, Park M, Koestler DC, Gajewski B, Jensen R, Mayo MS. Relevant Word Order Vectorization for Improved Natural Language Processing in Electronic Health Records. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9253. [PMID: 31239489 PMCID: PMC6592944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45705-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic health records (EHR) represent a rich resource for conducting observational studies, supporting clinical trials, and more. However, much of the data contains unstructured text, presenting an obstacle to automated extraction. Natural language processing (NLP) can structure and learn from text, but NLP algorithms were not designed for the unique characteristics of EHR. Here, we propose Relevant Word Order Vectorization (RWOV) to aid with structuring. RWOV is based on finding the positional relationship between the most relevant words to predicting the class of a text. This facilitates machine learning algorithms to use the interaction of not just keywords but positional dependencies (e.g. a relevant word occurs 5 relevant words before some term of interest). As a proof-of-concept, we attempted to classify the hormone receptor status of breast cancer patients treated at the University of Kansas Medical Center, comparing RWOV to other methods using the F1 score and AUC. RWOV performed as well as, or better than other methods in all but one case. For F1 score, RWOV had a clear edge on most tasks. AUC tended to be closer, but for HER2, RWOV was significantly better for most comparisons. These results suggest RWOV should be further developed for EHR-related NLP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
| | - Jinxiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Dinesh Pal Mudaranthakam
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - David Streeter
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Lisa Neums
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Michele Park
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Devin C Koestler
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Byron Gajewski
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Roy Jensen
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Matthew S Mayo
- Department of Biostatistics & Data Science, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- University of Kansas Cancer Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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12
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Crane MM, Sands B, Battaglia C, Johnson B, Yun S, Kaeberlein M, Brent R, Mendenhall A. In vivo measurements reveal a single 5'-intron is sufficient to increase protein expression level in Caenorhabditis elegans. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9192. [PMID: 31235724 PMCID: PMC6591249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introns can increase gene expression levels using a variety of mechanisms collectively referred to as Intron Mediated Enhancement (IME). IME has been measured in cell culture and plant models by quantifying expression of intronless and intron-bearing reporter genes in vitro. We developed hardware and software to implement microfluidic chip-based gene expression quantification in vivo. We altered position, number and sequence of introns in reporter genes controlled by the hsp-90 promoter. Consistent with plant and mammalian studies, we determined a single, natural or synthetic, 5'-intron is sufficient for the full IME effect conferred by three synthetic introns, while a 3'-intron is not. We found coding sequence can affect IME; the same three synthetic introns that increase mcherry protein concentration by approximately 50%, increase mEGFP by 80%. We determined IME effect size is not greatly affected by the stronger vit-2 promoter. Our microfluidic imaging approach should facilitate screens for factors affecting IME and other intron-dependent processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew M Crane
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bryan Sands
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christian Battaglia
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Brock Johnson
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Soo Yun
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Matt Kaeberlein
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Roger Brent
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Basic Science, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alex Mendenhall
- University of Washington, School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Seattle, WA, USA.
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13
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Martin EW, Malgor R, Resto VA, Goetz DJ, Burdick MM. Dynamic biochemical tissue analysis detects functional selectin ligands on human cancer tissues. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8511. [PMID: 31186472 PMCID: PMC6560120 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44838-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell adhesion mediated by selectins (expressed by activated endothelium, activated platelets, and leukocytes) binding to their resepective selectin ligands (expressed by cancer cells) may be involved in metastasis. Therefore, methods of characterizing selectin ligands expressed on human tissue may serve as valuable assays. Presented herein is an innovative method for detecting functional selectin ligands expressed on human tissue that uses a dynamic approach, which allows for control over the force applied to the bonds between the probe and target molecules. This new method of tissue interrogation, known as dynamic biochemical tissue analysis (DBTA), involves the perfusion of molecular probe-coated microspheres over tissues. DBTA using selectin-coated probes is able to detect functional selectin ligands expressed on tissue from multiple cancer types at both primary and metastatic sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric W Martin
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, USA
| | - Ramiro Malgor
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, USA
| | - Vicente A Resto
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Texas-Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
| | - Douglas J Goetz
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, USA
| | - Monica M Burdick
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, USA.
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Russ College of Engineering and Technology, Athens, USA.
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA.
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14
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Waters LR, Ahsan FM, Ten Hoeve J, Hong JS, Kim DNH, Minasyan A, Braas D, Graeber TG, Zangle TA, Teitell MA. Ampk regulates IgD expression but not energy stress with B cell activation. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8176. [PMID: 31160601 PMCID: PMC6546716 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43985-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ampk is an energy gatekeeper that responds to decreases in ATP by inhibiting energy-consuming anabolic processes and promoting energy-generating catabolic processes. Recently, we showed that Lkb1, an understudied kinase in B lymphocytes and a major upstream kinase for Ampk, had critical and unexpected roles in activating naïve B cells and in germinal center formation. Therefore, we examined whether Lkb1 activities during B cell activation depend on Ampk and report surprising Ampk activation with in vitro B cell stimulation in the absence of energy stress, coupled to rapid biomass accumulation. Despite Ampk activation and a controlling role for Lkb1 in B cell activation, Ampk knockout did not significantly affect B cell activation, differentiation, nutrient dynamics, gene expression, or humoral immune responses. Instead, Ampk loss specifically repressed the transcriptional expression of IgD and its regulator, Zfp318. Results also reveal that early activation of Ampk by phenformin treatment impairs germinal center formation but does not significantly alter antibody responses. Combined, the data show an unexpectedly specific role for Ampk in the regulation of IgD expression during B cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynnea R Waters
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Fasih M Ahsan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Johanna Ten Hoeve
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Metabolomics Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jason S Hong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Diane N H Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Aspram Minasyan
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Daniel Braas
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Metabolomics Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Thomas G Graeber
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UCLA Metabolomics Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Thomas A Zangle
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Michael A Teitell
- Molecular Biology Interdepartmental Program, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- California NanoSystems Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Broad Stem Cell Research Center, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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15
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Abstract
The lung lineage master regulator gene, Thyroid Transcription Factor-1 (TTF-1, also known as NKX2-1), is used as a marker by pathologists to identify lung adenocarcinomas since TTF-1 is expressed in 60 ~ 70% of lung ADs. Much research has been conducted to investigate roles of TTF-1 in lung cancer biology. But, how it modulates cellular chemosensitivity remains poorly characterized. Our study shows that TTF-1 sensitizes the KRAS-mutated A549 and NCI-H460 lung cancer cells to cisplatin, a common chemotherapy used to treat lung cancer. This chemosensitization activity does not appear to be mediated by a TTF-1-imposed alteration on nucleotide excision repair. Mechanistically, TTF-1 induced a reduction in p-AKT (S473), which in turn activated glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) and reduced β-catenin. Intriguingly, in the EGFR-mutated NCI-H1975 and HCC827 cells, TTF-1 desensitized these cells to cisplatin; concomitantly, TTF-1 conferred an increase in p-AKT. Finally, the conditioned media of TTF-1-transefected cells sensitized TTF-1- cells to cisplatin, implicating that the TTF-1-driven chemosensitization activity may be dually pronged in both intracellular and extracellular compartments. In short, this study highlights the enigmatic activities of TTF-1 in lung cancer, and calls for future research to optimally manage chemotherapy of patients with TTF-1+ lung ADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody A Phelps
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA
- Carter Immunology Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Laura Lindsey-Boltz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Aziz Sancar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - David Mu
- Leroy T. Canoles Jr. Cancer Research Center, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Cell Biology, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA, 23501, USA.
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16
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Yuan Y, Wen W, Yost SE, Xing Q, Yan J, Han ES, Mortimer J, Yim JH. Combination therapy with BYL719 and LEE011 is synergistic and causes a greater suppression of p-S6 in triple negative breast cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7509. [PMID: 31101835 PMCID: PMC6525251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43429-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A third of patients with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) have relapsed disease within 2-5 years from initial diagnosis, leaving an unmet need for therapeutic targets. TNBC frequently harbors alterations of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, but single agent PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitors have not shown marked efficacy. In this study, we investigated a strategy to improve efficacy of PI3K-α inhibitor BYL719 (alpelisib) in TNBC. While BYL719 is effective at inhibiting cell proliferation in T47D, a triple positive cell line, it had limited activity in TNBC. This may be partially due to persistent phosphorylation of RB, and incomplete inhibition of p-S6 in TNBC, since the inhibitory effect of BYL719 on p-RB and p-S6 was significantly reduced in TNBC compared to T47D cells. Addition of the CDK4/6 inhibitor LEE011 to BYL719 caused a simultaneous reduction of p-RB and p-S6, and a more complete inhibition of p-S6, leading to decreased expression of the pro-survival protein MCL-1, an induction of apoptosis, and an enhanced reduction of tumor growth in a PDX model of TNBC. These findings suggest that inhibition of p-RB and p-S6 is important for an effective response to the treatment of TNBC, and provides a strong rationale for clinical development of combination therapy with BYL719 and LEE011 for treatment of metastatic TNBC with intact RB.Presentation: This study was presented in part as an abstract at the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium (P3-03-15) and the 2018 Cancer Research and Targeted Therapy in London.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Department of Medical Oncology & Molecular Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA.
| | - Wei Wen
- Division of Surgical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Susan E Yost
- Department of Medical Oncology & Molecular Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Quanhua Xing
- Division of Surgical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Jin Yan
- Division of Surgical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Ernest S Han
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Joanne Mortimer
- Department of Medical Oncology & Molecular Therapeutics, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - John H Yim
- Division of Surgical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Beckman Research Institute, Duarte, CA, USA.
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17
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Luo X, Yin S, Yang L, Fujimoto J, Yang Y, Moran C, Kalhor N, Weissferdt A, Xie Y, Gazdar A, Minna J, Wistuba II, Mao Y, Xiao G. Development and Validation of a Pathology Image Analysis-based Predictive Model for Lung Adenocarcinoma Prognosis - A Multi-cohort Study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6886. [PMID: 31053738 PMCID: PMC6499884 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42845-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Prediction of disease prognosis is essential for improving cancer patient care. Previously, we have demonstrated the feasibility of using quantitative morphological features of tumor pathology images to predict the prognosis of lung cancer patients in a single cohort. In this study, we developed and validated a pathology image-based predictive model for the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) patients across multiple independent cohorts. Using quantitative pathology image analysis, we extracted morphological features from H&E stained sections of formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues. A prediction model for patient prognosis was developed using tumor tissue pathology images from a cohort of 91 stage I lung ADC patients from the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), and validated in ADC patients from the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST), and the UT Special Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) cohort. The morphological features that are associated with patient survival in the training dataset from the CAMS cohort were used to develop a prognostic model, which was independently validated in both the NLST (n = 185) and the SPORE (n = 111) cohorts. The association between predicted risk and overall survival was significant for both the NLST (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 2.20, pv = 0.01) and the SPORE cohorts (HR = 2.15 and pv = 0.044), respectively, after adjusting for key clinical variables. Furthermore, the model also predicted the prognosis of patients with stage I ADC in both the NLST (n = 123, pv = 0.0089) and SPORE (n = 68, pv = 0.032) cohorts. The results indicate that the pathology image-based model predicts the prognosis of ADC patients across independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Luo
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
| | - Shen Yin
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
- Department of Statistics, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Lin Yang
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
- Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Junya Fujimoto
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yikun Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Cesar Moran
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Neda Kalhor
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Annikka Weissferdt
- Department of Pathology, Division of Pathology/Lab Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yang Xie
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Adi Gazdar
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - John Minna
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Hamon Center for Therapeutic Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ignacio Ivan Wistuba
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Yousheng Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), Beijing, China
| | - Guanghua Xiao
- Quantitative Biomedical Research Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA.
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, 75390, USA.
- Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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18
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Xie Y, Kril LM, Yu T, Zhang W, Frasinyuk MS, Bondarenko SP, Kondratyuk KM, Hausman E, Martin ZM, Wyrebek PP, Liu X, Deaciuc A, Dwoskin LP, Chen J, Zhu H, Zhan CG, Sviripa VM, Blackburn J, Watt DS, Liu C. Semisynthetic aurones inhibit tubulin polymerization at the colchicine-binding site and repress PC-3 tumor xenografts in nude mice and myc-induced T-ALL in zebrafish. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6439. [PMID: 31015569 PMCID: PMC6478746 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42917-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Structure-activity relationships (SAR) in the aurone pharmacophore identified heterocyclic variants of the (Z)-2-benzylidene-6-hydroxybenzofuran-3(2H)-one scaffold that possessed low nanomolar in vitro potency in cell proliferation assays using various cancer cell lines, in vivo potency in prostate cancer PC-3 xenograft and zebrafish models, selectivity for the colchicine-binding site on tubulin, and absence of appreciable toxicity. Among the leading, biologically active analogs were (Z)-2-((2-((1-ethyl-5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)methylene)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-yl)oxy)acetonitrile (5a) and (Z)-6-((2,6-dichlorobenzyl)oxy)-2-(pyridin-4-ylmethylene)benzofuran-3(2H)-one (5b) that inhibited in vitro PC-3 prostate cancer cell proliferation with IC50 values below 100 nM. A xenograft study in nude mice using 10 mg/kg of 5a had no effect on mice weight, and aurone 5a did not inhibit, as desired, the human ether-à-go-go-related (hERG) potassium channel. Cell cycle arrest data, comparisons of the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by aurones and known antineoplastic agents, and in vitro inhibition of tubulin polymerization indicated that aurone 5a disrupted tubulin dynamics. Based on molecular docking and confirmed by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry studies, aurone 5a targets the colchicine-binding site on tubulin. In addition to solid tumors, aurones 5a and 5b strongly inhibited in vitro a panel of human leukemia cancer cell lines and the in vivo myc-induced T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) in a zebrafish model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqi Xie
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Liliia M Kril
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Tianxin Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0093, USA
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0093, USA
| | - Mykhaylo S Frasinyuk
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | | | - Kostyantyn M Kondratyuk
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Elizabeth Hausman
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA
| | - Zachary M Martin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Przemyslaw P Wyrebek
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Xifu Liu
- Center for Drug Innovation and Discovery, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, 050024, People's Republic of China
| | - Agripina Deaciuc
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Linda P Dwoskin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA
| | - Haining Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA
| | - Chang-Guo Zhan
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
- Molecular Modeling and Pharmaceutical Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Vitaliy M Sviripa
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0093, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Jessica Blackburn
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA
| | - David S Watt
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA.
- Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0093, USA.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA.
| | - Chunming Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0509, USA.
- Lucille Parker Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0093, USA.
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19
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Jackson PEH, Huang J, Sharma M, Rasmussen SK, Hammarskjold ML, Rekosh D. A novel retroviral vector system to analyze expression from mRNA with retained introns using fluorescent proteins and flow cytometry. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6467. [PMID: 31015546 PMCID: PMC6478720 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to overcome cellular restrictions that exist for the export and translation of mRNAs with retained introns is a requirement for the replication of retroviruses and also for the expression of many mRNA isoforms transcribed from cellular genes. In some cases, RNA structures have been identified in the mRNA that directly interact with cellular factors to promote the export and expression of isoforms with retained introns. In other cases, a viral protein is also required to act as an adapter. In this report we describe a novel vector system that allows measurement of the ability of cis- and trans-acting factors to promote the export and translation of mRNAs with retained introns. One reporter vector used in this system is derived from an HIV proviral clone engineered to express two different fluorescent proteins from spliced and unspliced transcripts. The ratio of fluorescent signals is a measurement of the efficiency of export and translation. A second vector utilizes a third fluorescent protein to measure the expression of viral export proteins that interact with some of the export elements. Both vectors can be packaged into viral particles and be used to transduce cells, allowing expression at physiological levels from the integrated vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick E H Jackson
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Myles H. Thaler Center for HIV and Human Retrovirus Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jing Huang
- Myles H. Thaler Center for HIV and Human Retrovirus Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Monika Sharma
- Myles H. Thaler Center for HIV and Human Retrovirus Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Sara K Rasmussen
- Myles H. Thaler Center for HIV and Human Retrovirus Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Marie-Louise Hammarskjold
- Myles H. Thaler Center for HIV and Human Retrovirus Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - David Rekosh
- Myles H. Thaler Center for HIV and Human Retrovirus Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
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20
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Abstract
Histone post-translational modifications contribute to chromatin function largely through the recruitment of effector proteins that contain specialized "reader" domains. While a significant number of reader domains have been characterized for their histone binding specificities, many of these domains remain poorly characterized. Peptide microarrays have been widely employed for the characterization of histone readers, as well as modifying enzymes and histone antibodies. While powerful, this platform has limitations in terms of its sensitivity and they frequently miss low affinity reader domain interactions. Here, we provide several technical changes that improve reader domain detection of low-affinity interactions. We show that 1% non-fat milk in 1X PBST as the blocking reagent during incubation improved reader-domain interaction results. Further, coupling this with post-binding high-salt washes and a brief, low-percentage formaldehyde cross-linking step prior to the high-salt washes provided the optimal balance between resolving specific low-affinity interactions and minimizing background or spurious signals. We expect this improved methodology will lead to the elucidation of previously unreported reader-histone interactions that will be important for chromatin function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Petell
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 120 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, 450 West Drive, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
| | - Andrea T Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 120 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
| | - Jessica Skela
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 120 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA
| | - Brian D Strahl
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 120 Mason Farm Rd, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
- UNC Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, 450 West Drive, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA.
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21
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Hellwege JN, Stallings S, Torstenson ES, Carroll R, Borthwick KM, Brilliant MH, Crosslin D, Gordon A, Hripcsak G, Jarvik GP, Linneman JG, Devi P, Peissig PL, Sleiman PAM, Hakonarson H, Ritchie MD, Verma SS, Shang N, Denny JC, Roden DM, Velez Edwards DR, Edwards TL. Heritability and genome-wide association study of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) in the eMERGE network. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6077. [PMID: 30988330 PMCID: PMC6465359 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42427-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) results in a significant public health burden due to the morbidity caused by the disease and many of the available remedies. As much as 70% of men over 70 will develop BPH. Few studies have been conducted to discover the genetic determinants of BPH risk. Understanding the biological basis for this condition may provide necessary insight for development of novel pharmaceutical therapies or risk prediction. We have evaluated SNP-based heritability of BPH in two cohorts and conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of BPH risk using 2,656 cases and 7,763 controls identified from the Electronic Medical Records and Genomics (eMERGE) network. SNP-based heritability estimates suggest that roughly 60% of the phenotypic variation in BPH is accounted for by genetic factors. We used logistic regression to model BPH risk as a function of principal components of ancestry, age, and imputed genotype data, with meta-analysis performed using METAL. The top result was on chromosome 22 in SYN3 at rs2710383 (p-value = 4.6 × 10-7; Odds Ratio = 0.69, 95% confidence interval = 0.55-0.83). Other suggestive signals were near genes GLGC, UNCA13, SORCS1 and between BTBD3 and SPTLC3. We also evaluated genetically-predicted gene expression in prostate tissue. The most significant result was with increasing predicted expression of ETV4 (chr17; p-value = 0.0015). Overexpression of this gene has been associated with poor prognosis in prostate cancer. In conclusion, although there were no genome-wide significant variants identified for BPH susceptibility, we present evidence supporting the heritability of this phenotype, have identified suggestive signals, and evaluated the association between BPH and genetically-predicted gene expression in prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacklyn N Hellwege
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah Stallings
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Meharry-Vanderbilt Alliance, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric S Torstenson
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert Carroll
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Murray H Brilliant
- Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - David Crosslin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Adam Gordon
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - George Hripcsak
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Medical Informatics Services, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gail P Jarvik
- Departments of Medicine (Medical Genetics) and Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - James G Linneman
- Office of Research Computing and Analytics/Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Parimala Devi
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Peggy L Peissig
- Center for Computational and Biomedical Informatics, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield, WI, USA
| | - Patrick A M Sleiman
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marylyn D Ritchie
- Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Ning Shang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Josh C Denny
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dan M Roden
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Digna R Velez Edwards
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Informatics Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Institute for Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Todd L Edwards
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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22
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Dwivedi P, Muench DE, Wagner M, Azam M, Grimes HL, Greis KD. Phospho serine and threonine analysis of normal and mutated granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptors. Sci Data 2019; 6:21. [PMID: 30967555 PMCID: PMC6480977 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-019-0015-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor receptor (G-CSFR) plays an important role in the production of neutrophil granulocytes. Mutated G-CSFRs have been directly associated with two distinct malignant phenotypes in patients, e.g. acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and chronic neutrophilic leukemia (CNL). However, the signaling mechanism of the mutated G-CSFRs is not well understood. Here, we present a comprehensive SILAC-based quantitative phosphoserine and phosphothreonine dataset of the normal and mutated G-CSFRs signaling using the BaF3 cell-line-based in vitro model system. High pH reversed phase concatenation and Titanium Dioxide Spin Tip column were utilized to increase the dynamic range and detection of the phosphoproteome of G-CSFRs. The dataset was further analyzed using several computational tools to validate the quality of the dataset. Overall, this dataset is the first global phosphoproteomics analysis of both normal and disease-associated-mutant G-CSFRs. We anticipate that this dataset will have a strong potential to decipher the phospho-signaling differences between the normal and malignant G-CSFR biology with therapeutic implications. The phosphoproteomic dataset is available via the PRIDE partner repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Dwivedi
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, USA
| | - David E Muench
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Michael Wagner
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Mohammad Azam
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - H Leighton Grimes
- Division of Immunobiology and Center for Systems Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Kenneth D Greis
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, 45267, USA.
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23
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Nabavizadeh A, Bayat M, Kumar V, Gregory A, Webb J, Alizad A, Fatemi M. Viscoelastic biomarker for differentiation of benign and malignant breast lesion in ultra- low frequency range. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5737. [PMID: 30952880 PMCID: PMC6450913 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41885-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Benign and malignant tumors differ in the viscoelastic properties of their cellular microenvironments and in their spatiotemporal response to very low frequency stimuli. These differences can introduce a unique viscoelastic biomarker in differentiation of benign and malignant tumors. This biomarker may reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies in breast patients. Although different methods have been developed so far for this purpose, none of them have focused on in vivo and in situ assessment of local viscoelastic properties in the ultra-low (sub-Hertz) frequency range. Here we introduce a new, noninvasive model-free method called Loss Angle Mapping (LAM). We assessed the performance results on 156 breast patients. The method was further improved by detection of out-of-plane motion using motion compensation cross correlation method (MCCC). 45 patients met this MCCC criterion and were considered for data analysis. Among this population, we found 77.8% sensitivity and 96.3% specificity (p < 0.0001) in discriminating between benign and malignant tumors using logistic regression method regarding the pre known information about the BIRADS number and size. The accuracy and area under the ROC curve, AUC, was 88.9% and 0.94, respectively. This method opens new avenues to investigate the mechanobiology behavior of different tissues in a frequency range that has not yet been explored in any in vivo patient studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Nabavizadeh
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Biomedical Informatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota Rochester, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mahdi Bayat
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Viksit Kumar
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adriana Gregory
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jeremy Webb
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Azra Alizad
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mostafa Fatemi
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, USA.
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24
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Trabbic KR, Whalen K, Abarca-Heideman K, Xia L, Temme JS, Edmondson EF, Gildersleeve JC, Barchi JJ. A Tumor-Selective Monoclonal Antibody from Immunization with a Tumor-Associated Mucin Glycopeptide. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5662. [PMID: 30952968 PMCID: PMC6450958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42076-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously studied the generation of immune responses after vaccination with tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA)-containing glycopeptides from the tandem repeat (TR) sequence of MUC4, an aberrantly expressed mucin in pancreatic adenocarcinomas. A specific lead antigen from that study containing the Thomsen-Friedenreich TACA disaccharide facilitated the pursuit of a monoclonal antibody to this synthetic hapten. Initial evaluation of polyclonal antiserum resulting from immunization with a KLH conjugate of this glycopeptide into rabbits showed high titer antibodies by ELISA assays, and selective immunoreactivity with MUC4+ cells by western blot and flow cytometry techniques. Glycan microarray analysis showed an intriguing binding pattern where the antiserum showed near complete specificity for MUC4 TR glycopeptides and peptides, relative to all components on the array. Tissue staining also showed distinct tumor specificity to pancreatic tumor tissue in relation to normal pancreatic tissue, with a preference for more aggressive tumor foci. Based on this data, we produced a monoclonal antibody whose binding and reactivity profile was similar to that of the polyclonal serum, with the added benefit of being more specific for the N-terminal glycosylated peptide domain. This epitope represents a novel immunogen to potentially develop diagnostic antibodies or immunotherapies against various MUC4-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin R Trabbic
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Li Xia
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - J Sebastian Temme
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Elijah F Edmondson
- Pathology and Histotechnology Lab, Leidos Biomedical Research Inc., Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Joseph J Barchi
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, USA.
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25
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Mace TA, Ware MB, King SA, Loftus S, Farren MR, McMichael E, Scoville S, Geraghty C, Young G, Carson WE, Clinton SK, Lesinski GB. Soy isoflavones and their metabolites modulate cytokine-induced natural killer cell function. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5068. [PMID: 30911044 PMCID: PMC6433892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41687-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Soybeans are a rich source of isoflavones that have been linked with anti-inflammatory processes and various health benefits. However, specific mechanisms whereby soy bioactives impact immune cell subsets are unclear. Isoflavones, such as genistein and daidzein, are metabolized by microbes to bioactive metabolites as O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) and equol, whose presence has been linked to health benefits. We examined how soy isoflavones and metabolites impact natural killer (NK) cell signaling and function. We observe no impact of isoflavones on viability of healthy donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) or NK cells, even at high (25 µM) concentrations. However, pre-treatment of PBMCs with physiologically-relevant concentrations of genistein (p = 0.0023) and equol (p = 0.006) decreases interleukin (IL)-12/IL-18-induced interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) production versus controls. Detailed cellular analyses indicate genistein and equol decrease IL-12/IL-18-induced IFN-γ production by human NK cell subsets, but do not consistently alter cytotoxicity. At the level of signal transduction, genistein decreases IL-12/IL-18-induced total phosphorylated tyrosine, and phosphorylation MAPK pathway components. Further, genistein limits IL-12/IL-18-mediated upregulation of IL-18Rα expression on NK cells (p = 0.0109). Finally, in vivo studies revealed that C57BL/6 mice fed a soy-enriched diet produce less plasma IFN-γ following administration of IL-12/IL-18 versus control-fed animals (p < 0.0001). This study provides insight into how dietary soy modulates NK cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A Mace
- Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology Nutrition, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael B Ware
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Samantha A King
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shannon Loftus
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew R Farren
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, USA
| | - Elizabeth McMichael
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven Scoville
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Medical Scientist Training Program, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Connor Geraghty
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gregory Young
- Center for Biostatistics, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - William E Carson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Surgery, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Steven K Clinton
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, The Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Gregory B Lesinski
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
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Khodaverdian V, Tapadar S, MacDonald IA, Xu Y, Ho PY, Bridges A, Rajpurohit P, Sanghani BA, Fan Y, Thangaraju M, Hathaway NA, Oyelere AK. Deferiprone: Pan-selective Histone Lysine Demethylase Inhibition Activity and Structure Activity Relationship Study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4802. [PMID: 30886160 PMCID: PMC6423038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39214-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Deferiprone (DFP) is a hydroxypyridinone-derived iron chelator currently in clinical use for iron chelation therapy. DFP has also been known to elicit antiproliferative activities, yet the mechanism of this effect has remained elusive. We herein report that DFP chelates the Fe2+ ion at the active sites of selected iron-dependent histone lysine demethylases (KDMs), resulting in pan inhibition of a subfamily of KDMs. Specifically, DFP inhibits the demethylase activities of six KDMs - 2A, 2B, 5C, 6A, 7A and 7B - with low micromolar IC50s while considerably less active or inactive against eleven KDMs - 1A, 3A, 3B, 4A-E, 5A, 5B and 6B. The KDM that is most sensitive to DFP, KDM6A, has an IC50 that is between 7- and 70-fold lower than the iron binding equivalence concentrations at which DFP inhibits ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) activities and/or reduces the labile intracellular zinc ion pool. In breast cancer cell lines, DFP potently inhibits the demethylation of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, two chromatin posttranslational marks that are subject to removal by several KDM subfamilies which are inhibited by DFP in cell-free assay. These data strongly suggest that DFP derives its anti-proliferative activity largely from the inhibition of a sub-set of KDMs. The docked poses adopted by DFP at the KDM active sites enabled identification of new DFP-based KDM inhibitors which are more cytotoxic to cancer cell lines. We also found that a cohort of these agents inhibited HP1-mediated gene silencing and one lead compound potently inhibited breast tumor growth in murine xenograft models. Overall, this study identified a new chemical scaffold capable of inhibiting KDM enzymes, globally changing histone modification profiles, and with specific anti-tumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verjine Khodaverdian
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Subhasish Tapadar
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Ian A MacDonald
- The University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Yuan Xu
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Po-Yi Ho
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Allison Bridges
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Pragya Rajpurohit
- Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Bhakti A Sanghani
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | - Yuhong Fan
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA
| | | | - Nathaniel A Hathaway
- The University of North Carolina Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
| | - Adegboyega K Oyelere
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA.
- Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332-0400, USA.
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Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EMCA) is a clinically heterogeneous disease. Previously, we tested the efficacy of Verteporfin (VP) in EMCA cells and observed cytotoxic and anti-proliferative effects. In this study, we analyzed RNA sequencing data to investigate the comprehensive transcriptomic landscape of VP treated Type 1 EMCA cell lines, including HEC-1-A and HEC-1-B. There were 549 genes with differential expression of two-fold or greater and P < 0.05 after false discovery rate correction for the HEC-1-B cell line. Positive regulation of TGFβ1 production, regulation of lipoprotein metabolic process, cell adhesion, endodermal cell differentiation, formation and development, and integrin mediated signaling pathway were among the significantly associated terms. A functional enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes after VP treatment revealed extracellular matrix organization Gene Ontology as the most significant. CDC23 and BUB1B, two genes crucially involved in mitotic checkpoint progression, were found to be the pair with the best association from STRING among differentially expressed genes in VP treated HEC-1-B cells. Our in vivo results indicate that subcutaneous tumors in mice were regressed after VP treatment by inhibiting cell cycle pathway proteins. The present study revealed multiple key genes of pathological significance in EMCA, thereby improving our understanding of molecular profiles of EMCA cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Gahyun Bang
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
| | | | - Dokyoon Kim
- Biomedical and Translational Informatics Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA, USA
- Huck Institute of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Radhika P Gogoi
- Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, USA.
- Geisinger Medical Center, Danville, PA, USA.
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28
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Pope JL, Yang Y, Newsome RC, Sun W, Sun X, Ukhanova M, Neu J, Issa JP, Mai V, Jobin C. Microbial Colonization Coordinates the Pathogenesis of a Klebsiella pneumoniae Infant Isolate. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3380. [PMID: 30833613 PMCID: PMC6399262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39887-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterobacteriaceae are among the first colonizers of neonate intestine. Members of this family, such as Escherichia and Klebsiella, are considered pathobionts and as such are capable of inducing local and systemic disease under specific colonization circumstances. Interplay between developing microbiota and pathogenic function of pathobionts are poorly understood. In this study, we investigate the functional interaction between various colonization patterns on an early colonizer, K. pneumoniae. K. pneumoniae 51-5 was isolated from stool of a healthy, premature infant, and found to contain the genotoxin island pks associated with development of colorectal cancer. Using intestinal epithelial cells, macrophages, and primary splenocytes, we demonstrate K. pneumoniae 51-5 upregulates expression of proinflammatory genes in vitro. Gnotobiotic experiments in Il10-/- mice demonstrate the neonate isolate induces intestinal inflammation in vivo, with increased expression of proinflammatory genes. Regulation of microbiota assembly revealed K. pneumoniae 51-5 accelerates onset of inflammation in Il10-/- mice, most significantly when microbiota is naturally acquired. Furthermore, K. pneumoniae 51-5 induces DNA damage and cell cycle arrest. Interestingly, K. pneumoniae 51-5 induced tumors in ApcMin/+; Il10-/- mice was not significantly affected by absence of colibactin activating enzyme, ClbP. These findings demonstrate pathogenicity of infant K. pneumoniae isolate is sensitive to microbial colonization status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jillian L Pope
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ye Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Rachel C Newsome
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Immunology & Microbial Disease, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, USA
| | - Xiaolun Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkanasas, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA
| | - Maria Ukhanova
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Josef Neu
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Issa
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, USA
| | - Volker Mai
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Christian Jobin
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.
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29
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Liu YL, Chou CK, Kim M, Vasisht R, Kuo YA, Ang P, Liu C, Perillo EP, Chen YA, Blocher K, Horng H, Chen YI, Nguyen DT, Yankeelov TE, Hung MC, Dunn AK, Yeh HC. Assessing metastatic potential of breast cancer cells based on EGFR dynamics. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3395. [PMID: 30833579 PMCID: PMC6399327 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Derailed transmembrane receptor trafficking could be a hallmark of tumorigenesis and increased tumor invasiveness, but receptor dynamics have not been used to differentiate metastatic cancer cells from less invasive ones. Using single-particle tracking techniques, we developed a phenotyping asssay named Transmembrane Receptor Dynamics (TReD), studied the dynamics of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in seven breast epithelial cell lines and developed a phenotyping assay named Transmembrane Receptor Dynamics (TReD). Here we show a clear evidence that increased EGFR diffusivity and enlarged EGFR confinement size in the plasma membrane (PM) are correlated with the enhanced metastatic potential in these cell lines. By comparing the TReD results with the gene expression profiles, we found a clear negative correlation between the EGFR diffusivities and the breast cancer luminal differentiation scores (r = -0.75). Upon the induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), EGFR diffusivity significantly increased for the non-tumorigenic MCF10A (99%) and the non-invasive MCF7 (56%) cells, but not for the highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 cell. We believe that the reorganization of actin filaments during EMT modified the PM structures, causing the receptor dynamics to change. TReD can thus serve as a new biophysical marker to probe the metastatic potential of cancer cells and even to monitor the transition of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Liang Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Chao-Kai Chou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mirae Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Rohan Vasisht
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yu-An Kuo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Phyllis Ang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Cong Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Evan P Perillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yu-An Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Katherine Blocher
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hannah Horng
- Department of Bioengineering, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Yuan-I Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Duc Trung Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Thomas E Yankeelov
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Oncology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Andrew K Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hsin-Chih Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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30
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Zeng Y, Rao B, Chapman WC, Nandy S, Rais R, González I, Chatterjee D, Mutch M, Zhu Q. The Angular Spectrum of the Scattering Coefficient Map Reveals Subsurface Colorectal Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2998. [PMID: 30816153 PMCID: PMC6395629 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39146-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer diagnosis currently relies on histological detection of endoluminal neoplasia in biopsy specimens. However, clinical visual endoscopy provides no quantitative subsurface cancer information. In this ex vivo study of nine fresh human colon specimens, we report the first use of quantified subsurface scattering coefficient maps acquired by swept-source optical coherence tomography to reveal subsurface abnormities. We generate subsurface scattering coefficient maps with a novel wavelet-based-curve-fitting method that provides significantly improved accuracy. The angular spectra of scattering coefficient maps of normal tissues exhibit a spatial feature distinct from those of abnormal tissues. An angular spectrum index to quantify the differences between the normal and abnormal tissues is derived, and its strength in revealing subsurface cancer in ex vivo samples is statistically analyzed. The study demonstrates that the angular spectrum of the scattering coefficient map can effectively reveal subsurface colorectal cancer and potentially provide a fast and more accurate diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Zeng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bin Rao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William C Chapman
- Department of Surgery, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sreyankar Nandy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rehan Rais
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Iván González
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deyali Chatterjee
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew Mutch
- Department of Surgery, Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Quing Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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31
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Amirshaghaghi A, Yan L, Miller J, Daniel Y, Stein JM, Busch TM, Cheng Z, Tsourkas A. Chlorin e6-Coated Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticle (SPION) Nanoclusters as a Theranostic Agent for Dual-Mode Imaging and Photodynamic Therapy. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2613. [PMID: 30796251 PMCID: PMC6385362 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an approved modality for the treatment of various types of maligancies and diseased states. However, most of the available photosensitizers (PS) are highly hydrophobic, which limits their solubility and dispersion in biological fluids and can lead to self-quenching and sub-optimal therapeutic efficacy. In this study, chlorin e6 (Ce6)-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticle (SPION) nanoclusters (Ce6-SCs) were prepared via an oil-in-water emulsion. The physical-chemical properties of the Ce6-SCs were systematically evaluated. Dual-mode imaging and PDT was subsequently performed in tumor-bearing mice. Chlorin e6 is capable of solubilizing hydrophobic SPION into stable, water-soluble nanoclusters without the use of any additional amphiphiles or carriers. The method is reproducible and the Ce6-SCs are highly stable under physiological conditions. The Ce6-SCs have an average diameter of 92 nm and low polydispersity (average PDI < 0.2). Encapsulation efficiency of both Ce6 and SPION is ≈100%, and the total Ce6 payload can be as high as 56% of the total weight (Ce6 + Fe). The Ce6-SCs localize within tumors via enhanced permeability and retention and are detectable by magnetic resonance (MR) and optical imaging. With PDT, Ce6-SCs demonstrate high singlet oxygen generation and produce a significant delay in tumor growth in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Amirshaghaghi
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lesan Yan
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Joann Miller
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yonathan Daniel
- Department of Biology, College of Computer, Mathematical, & Natural Sciences, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA
| | - Joel M Stein
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Theresa M Busch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Zhiliang Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Andrew Tsourkas
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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32
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Wang Y, Liu J, Ma X, Cui C, Deenik PR, Henderson PKP, Sigler AL, Cui L. Real-time imaging of senescence in tumors with DNA damage. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2102. [PMID: 30765819 PMCID: PMC6375927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of cellular senescence is important not only in the study of senescence in various biological systems, but also in various practical applications such as image-guided surgical removal of senescent cells, as well as the monitoring of drug-responsiveness during cancer therapies. Due to the lack of suitable imaging probes for senescence detection, particularly in living subjects, we have developed an activatable near-infrared (NIR) molecular probe with far-red excitation, NIR emission, and high "turn-on" ratio upon senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SABG) activation. We present here the first successful demonstration of NIR imaging of DNA damage-induced senescence both in vitro and in human tumor xenograft models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Chao Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Philip R Deenik
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Paul K P Henderson
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Ashton L Sigler
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
- Departments of Biology and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Lina Cui
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
- UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, UF Health Science Center, UF Health Cancer Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA.
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33
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Triplett KD, Pokhrel S, Castleman MJ, Daly SM, Elmore BO, Joyner JA, Sharma G, Herbert G, Campen MJ, Hathaway HJ, Prossnitz ER, Hall PR. GPER activation protects against epithelial barrier disruption by Staphylococcus aureus α-toxin. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1343. [PMID: 30718654 PMCID: PMC6362070 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37951-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex bias in innate defense against Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) is dependent on both estrogen production by the host and S. aureus secretion of the virulence factor, α-hemolysin (Hla). The impact of estrogen signaling on the immune system is most often studied in terms of the nuclear estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. However, the potential contribution of the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) to innate defense against infectious disease, particularly with respect to skin infection, has not been addressed. Using a murine model of SSTI, we found that GPER activation with the highly selective agonist G-1 limits S. aureus SSTI and Hla-mediated pathogenesis, effects that were absent in GPER knockout mice. Specifically, G-1 reduced Hla-mediated skin lesion formation and pro-inflammatory cytokine production, while increasing bacterial clearance. In vitro, G-1 reduced surface expression of the Hla receptor, ADAM10, in a human keratinocyte cell line and increased resistance to Hla-mediated permeability barrier disruption. This novel role for GPER activation in skin innate defense against infectious disease suggests that G-1 may have clinical utility in patients with epithelial permeability barrier dysfunction or who are otherwise at increased risk of S. aureus infection, including those with atopic dermatitis or cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen D Triplett
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Srijana Pokhrel
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Moriah J Castleman
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Seth M Daly
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Bradley O Elmore
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Jason A Joyner
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Geetanjali Sharma
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Guy Herbert
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Matthew J Campen
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Helen J Hathaway
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology & Physiology, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Eric R Prossnitz
- University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Pamela R Hall
- University of New Mexico College of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
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34
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Takahashi H, Yumoto K, Yasuhara K, Nadres ET, Kikuchi Y, Buttitta L, Taichman RS, Kuroda K. Anticancer polymers designed for killing dormant prostate cancer cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1096. [PMID: 30705336 PMCID: PMC6355926 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36608-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of anticancer therapeutics effective in eliminating dormant cells is a significant challenge in cancer biology. Here, we describe new synthetic polymer-based anticancer agents that mimic the mode of action of anticancer peptides. These anticancer polymers developed here are designed to capture the cationic, amphiphilic traits of anticancer peptides. The anticancer polymers are designed to target anionic lipids exposed on the cancer cell surfaces and act by disrupting the cancer cell membranes. Because the polymer mechanism is not dependent on cell proliferation, we hypothesized that the polymers were active against dormant cancer cells. The polymers exhibited cytotoxicity to proliferating prostate cancer. Importantly, the polymer killed dormant prostate cancer cells that were resistant to docetaxel. This study demonstrates a new approach to discover novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Takahashi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739–8526 Japan
| | - Kenji Yumoto
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Kazuma Yasuhara
- Division of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara, 630–0192 Japan
| | - Enrico T. Nadres
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Yutaka Kikuchi
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739–8526 Japan
| | - Laura Buttitta
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Russell S. Taichman
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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Ferri-Lagneau KF, Haider J, Sang S, Leung T. Rescue of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells formation in plcg1 zebrafish mutant. Sci Rep 2019; 9:244. [PMID: 30664660 PMCID: PMC6341084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36338-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPC) in zebrafish emerge from the aortic hemogenic endothelium (HE) and migrate towards the caudal hematopoietic tissue (CHT), where they expand and differentiate during definitive hematopoiesis. Phospholipase C gamma 1 (Plcγ1) has been implicated for hematopoiesis in vivo and in vitro and is also required to drive arterial and HSPC formation. Genetic mutation in plcg1-/- (y10 allele) completely disrupts the aortic blood flow, specification of arterial fate, and HSPC formation in zebrafish embryos. We previously demonstrated that ginger treatment promoted definitive hematopoiesis via Bmp signaling. In this paper, we focus on HSPC development in plcg1-/- mutants and show that ginger/10-gingerol (10-G) can rescue the expression of arterial and HSPC markers in the HE and CHT in plcg1-/- mutant embryos. We demonstrate that ginger can induce scl/runx1 expression, and that rescued HE fate is dependent on Bmp and Notch. Bmp and Notch are known to regulate nitric oxide (NO) production and NO can induce hematopoietic stem cell fate. We show that ginger produces a robust up-regulation of NO. Taken together, we suggest in this paper that Bmp, Notch and NO are potential players that mediate the effect of ginger/10-G for rescuing the genetic defects in blood vessel specification and HSPC formation in plcg1-/- mutants. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of HSPC development in vivo is critical for understanding HSPC expansion, which will have a positive impact in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine F Ferri-Lagneau
- The Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Jamil Haider
- The Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - Shengmin Sang
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest Technologies, North Carolina A&T State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA
| | - TinChung Leung
- The Biomedical/Biotechnology Research Institute, North Carolina Central University, North Carolina Research Campus, Nutrition Research Building, Kannapolis, NC, 28081, USA.
- Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina Central University, Durham, NC, 27707, USA.
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Khatri I, Ganguly K, Sharma S, Carmicheal J, Kaur S, Batra SK, Bhasin MK. Systems Biology Approach to Identify Novel Genomic Determinants for Pancreatic Cancer Pathogenesis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:123. [PMID: 30644396 PMCID: PMC6333820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36328-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a lethal malignancy with a 5-year survival rate of <8%. Its dismal prognosis stems from inefficient therapeutic modalities owing to the lack of understanding about pancreatic cancer pathogenesis. Considering the molecular complexity and heterogeneity of PDAC, identification of novel molecular contributors involved in PDAC onset and progression using global "omics" analysis will pave the way to improved strategies for disease prevention and therapeutic targeting. Meta-analysis of multiple miRNA microarray datasets containing healthy controls (HC), chronic pancreatitis (CP) and PDAC cases, identified 13 miRNAs involved in the progression of PDAC. These miRNAs showed dysregulation in both tissue as well as blood samples, along with progressive decrease in expression from HC to CP to PDAC. Gene-miRNA interaction analysis further elucidated 5 miRNAs (29a/b, 27a, 130b and 148a) that are significantly downregulated in conjunction with concomitant upregulation of their target genes throughout PDAC progression. Among these, miRNA-29a/b targeted genes were found to be most significantly altered in comparative profiling of HC, CP and PDAC, indicating its involvement in malignant evolution. Further, pathway analysis suggested direct involvement of miRNA-29a/b in downregulating the key pathways associated with PDAC development and metastasis including focal adhesion signaling and extracellular matrix organization. Our systems biology data analysis, in combination with real-time PCR validation indicates direct functional involvement of miRNA-29a in PDAC progression and is a potential prognostic marker and therapeutic candidate for patients with progressive disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Khatri
- BIDMC Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Koelina Ganguly
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sunandini Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Joseph Carmicheal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Sukhwinder Kaur
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
| | - Manoj K Bhasin
- BIDMC Genomics, Proteomics, Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.
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Dunkel Y, Reid AL, Ear J, Aznar N, Millward M, Gray E, Pearce R, Ziman M, Ghosh P. Prognostic Relevance of CCDC88C (Daple) Transcripts in the Peripheral Blood of Patients with Cutaneous Melanoma. Sci Rep 2018; 8:18036. [PMID: 30575751 PMCID: PMC6303298 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A loss of balance between G protein activation and deactivation has been implicated in the initiation of melanomas, and non-canonical Wnt signaling via the Wnt5A/Frizzled (FZD) pathway has been shown to be critical for the switch to an invasive phenotype. Daple [CCDC88C], a cytosolic guanine nucleotide exchange modulator (GEM) which enhances non-canonical Wnt5A/FZD signaling via activation of trimeric G protein, Gαi, has been shown to serve opposing roles-as an inducer of EMT and invasiveness and a potent tumor suppressor-via two isoforms, V1 (full-length) and V2 (short spliced isoform), respectively. Here we report that the relative abundance of these isoforms in the peripheral circulation, presumably largely from circulating tumor cells (CTCs), is a prognostic marker of cutaneous melanomas. Expression of V1 is increased in both the early and late clinical stages (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, respectively); V2 is decreased exclusively in the late clinical stage (p = 0.003). The two isoforms have opposing prognostic effects: high expression of V2 increases relapse-free survival (RFS; p = 0.014), whereas high expression of V1 tends to decrease RFS (p = 0.051). Furthermore, these effects are additive, in that melanoma patients with a low V2-high V1 signature carry the highest risk of metastatic disease. We conclude that detection of Daple transcripts in the peripheral blood (i.e., liquid biopsies) of patients with melanoma may serve as a prognostic marker and an effective strategy for non-invasive long-term follow-up of patients with melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Dunkel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Anna L Reid
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jason Ear
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Nicolas Aznar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Centre de Recherche enCancérologie de Lyon (CRCL), Lyon, France
| | - Michael Millward
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
| | - Elin Gray
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Robert Pearce
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Melanie Ziman
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
- Rebecca and John Moores Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.
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Li Y, Lu L, Xiao M, Dercle L, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Schwartz LH, Li D, Zhao B. CT Slice Thickness and Convolution Kernel Affect Performance of a Radiomic Model for Predicting EGFR Status in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Preliminary Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17913. [PMID: 30559455 PMCID: PMC6297245 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36421-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated whether the optimal selection of CT reconstruction settings enables the construction of a radiomics model to predict epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status in primary lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) using standard of care CT images. Fifty-one patients (EGFR:wildtype = 23:28) with LACs of clinical stage I/II/IIIA were included in the analysis. The LACs were segmented in four conditions, two slice thicknesses (Thin: 1 mm; Thick: 5 mm) and two convolution kernels (Sharp: B70f/B70s; Smooth: B30f/B31f/B31s), which constituted four groups: (1) Thin-Sharp, (2) Thin-Smooth, (3) Thick-Sharp, and (4) Thick-Smooth. Machine learning algorithms selected and combined 1,695 quantitative image features to build prediction models. The performance of prediction models was assessed by calculating the area under the curve (AUC). The best prediction model yielded AUC (95%CI) = 0.83 (0.68, 0.92) using the Thin-Smooth reconstruction setting. The AUC of models using thick slices was significantly lower than that of thin slices (P < 10-3), whereas the impact of reconstruction kernel was not significant. Our study showed that the optimal prediction of EGFR mutational status in early stage LACs was achieved by using thin CT-scan slices, independently of convolution kernels. Results from the prediction model suggest that tumor heterogeneity is associated with EGFR mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Li
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
| | - Lin Lu
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10039, USA
| | - Manjun Xiao
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Laurent Dercle
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10039, USA
- Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Inserm, UMR1015, Paris, France
| | - Yue Huang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Zishu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Lawrence H Schwartz
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10039, USA
| | - Daiqiang Li
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Binsheng Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, 10039, USA
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Joo EJ, Wasik BR, Parrish C, Paz H, Mϋhlenhoff M, Abdel-Azim H, Groffen J, Heisterkamp N. Pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia expresses cell surface nucleolin as a 9-O-acetylated sialoglycoprotein. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17174. [PMID: 30464179 PMCID: PMC6249323 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33873-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemias (pre-B ALLs) abnormally express a specific glycan structure, 9-O-acetylated sialic acid (9-O-Ac-Sia), on their cell surface, but glycoproteins that carry this modification have not been identified. Using three different lectins that specifically recognize this structure, we establish that nucleolin (NCL), a protein implicated in cancer, contains 9-O-Ac-Sia. Surprisingly, antibodies against the glycolipid 9-O-Ac-Sia GD3 also detected 9-O-Ac-Sia NCL. NCL is present on the surface of pre-B ALL cells as a sialoglycoprotein that is partly 9-O-acetylated and conversely, 9-O-Ac-Sia-containing structures other than NCL are present on these cells as well. Interestingly, NCL and the 9-O-Ac-Sia signal had less co-localization on normal pre-B cells. We also investigated regulation of NCL on the cell surface and found that sialidase treatment increased the percentage of cells positive for cell surface NCL, suggesting that sialylation of NCL promotes internalization. Treatment of pre-B ALL cells with the chemotherapy drug vincristine also increased the percentage of cells with surface NCL and correlated with increased 9-O-Ac-Sia expression. All tested leukemia cells including primary samples expressed NCL, suggesting it as a possible therapeutic target. We confirmed this by showing inhibition of cell proliferation in some pre-B ALLs by exposure to a NCL-specific aptamer AS1411.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ji Joo
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Brian R Wasik
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baker Institute for Animal Health and Feline Health Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Colin Parrish
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Baker Institute for Animal Health and Feline Health Center, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Helicia Paz
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Martina Mϋhlenhoff
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hisham Abdel-Azim
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - John Groffen
- Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Saban Research Institute of Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Nora Heisterkamp
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA, USA.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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40
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Kim SJ, Wang C, Zhao B, Im H, Min J, Choi HJ, Tadros J, Choi NR, Castro CM, Weissleder R, Lee H, Lee K. Deep transfer learning-based hologram classification for molecular diagnostics. Sci Rep 2018; 8:17003. [PMID: 30451953 PMCID: PMC6242900 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35274-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lens-free digital in-line holography (LDIH) is a promising microscopic tool that overcomes several drawbacks (e.g., limited field of view) of traditional lens-based microcopy. However, extensive computation is required to reconstruct object images from the complex diffraction patterns produced by LDIH. This limits LDIH utility for point-of-care applications, particularly in resource limited settings. We describe a deep transfer learning (DTL) based approach to process LDIH images in the context of cellular analyses. Specifically, we captured holograms of cells labeled with molecular-specific microbeads and trained neural networks to classify these holograms without reconstruction. Using raw holograms as input, the trained networks were able to classify individual cells according to the number of cell-bound microbeads. The DTL-based approach including a VGG19 pretrained network showed robust performance with experimental data. Combined with the developed DTL approach, LDIH could be realized as a low-cost, portable tool for point-of-care diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chuangqi Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bing Zhao
- Department of Computer Science, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hyungsoon Im
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jouha Min
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hee June Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joseph Tadros
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nu Ri Choi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cesar M Castro
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ralph Weissleder
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hakho Lee
- Center for Systems Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Kwonmoo Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
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Vieira-Potter VJ, Cross TWL, Swanson KS, Sarma SJ, Lei Z, Sumner LW, Rosenfeld CS. Soy-Induced Fecal Metabolome Changes in Ovariectomized and Intact Female Rats: Relationship with Cardiometabolic Health. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16896. [PMID: 30442926 PMCID: PMC6237990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytoestrogens are plant-derived compounds found in a variety of foods, most notably, soy. These compounds have been shown to improve immuno-metabolic health, yet mechanisms remain uncertain. We demonstrated previously that dietary phytoestrogen-rich soy (SOY) rescued metabolic dysfunction/inflammation following ovariectomy (OVX) in female rats; we also noted remarkable shifts in gut microbiota in SOY vs control diet-fed rats. Importantly, specific bacteria that significantly increased in those fed the SOY correlated positively with several favorable host metabolic parameters. One mechanism by which gut microbes might lead to such host effects is through production of bacterial metabolites. To test this possibility, we utilized non-targeted gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) to assess the fecal metabolome in those previously studied animals. Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA) revealed clear separation of fecal metabolomes based on diet and ovarian state. In particular, SOY-fed animals had greater fecal concentrations of the beneficial bacterial metabolite, S-equol, which was positively associated with several of the bacteria upregulated in the SOY group. S-equol was inversely correlated with important indicators of metabolic dysfunction and inflammation, suggesting that this metabolite might be a key mediator between SOY and gut microbiome-positive host health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria J Vieira-Potter
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Tzu-Wen L Cross
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Saurav J Sarma
- MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Zhentian Lei
- MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Lloyd W Sumner
- MU Metabolomics Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
- Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Ding Y, Fleming AM, Burrows CJ. Case studies on potential G-quadruplex-forming sequences from the bacterial orders Deinococcales and Thermales derived from a survey of published genomes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15679. [PMID: 30356061 PMCID: PMC6200779 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33944-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomes provide a platform for storage of chemical information that must be stable under the context in which an organism thrives. The 2'-deoxyguanosine (G) nucleotide has the potential to provide additional chemical information beyond its Watson-Crick base-pairing capacity. Sequences with four or more runs of three G nucleotides each are potential G-quadruplex forming sequences (PQSs) that can adopt G-quadruplex folds. Herein, we analyzed sequenced genomes from the NCBI database to determine the PQS densities of the genome sequences. First, we found organisms with large genomes, including humans, alligators, and maize, have similar densities of PQSs (~300 PQSs/Mbp), and the genomes are significantly enriched in PQSs with more than four G tracks. Analysis of microorganism genomes found a greater diversity of PQS densities. In general, PQS densities positively tracked with the GC% of the genome. Exceptions to this observation were the genomes from thermophiles that had many more PQSs than expected by random chance. Analysis of the location of these PQSs in annotated genomes from the order Thermales showed these G-rich sequences to be randomly distributed; in contrast, in the order Deinococcales the PQSs were enriched and biased around transcription start sites of genes. Four representative PQSs, two each from the Thermales and Deinococcales, were studied by biophysical methods to establish the ability of them to fold to G-quadruplexes. The experiments found the two PQSs in the Thermales did not adopt G-quadruplex folds, while the two most common in the Deinococcales adopted stable parallel-stranded G-quadruplexes. The findings lead to a hypothesis that thermophilic organisms are enriched with PQSs as an unavoidable consequence to stabilize thermally their genomes to live at high temperature; in contrast, the genomes from stress-resistant bacteria found in the Deinococcales may utilize PQSs for gene regulatory purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Ding
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-0850, United States.
| | - Aaron M Fleming
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-0850, United States
| | - Cynthia J Burrows
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 315 South 1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112-0850, United States.
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Sechi M, Lall RK, Afolabi SO, Singh A, Joshi DC, Chiu SY, Mukhtar H, Syed DN. Fisetin targets YB-1/RSK axis independent of its effect on ERK signaling: insights from in vitro and in vivo melanoma models. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15726. [PMID: 30356079 PMCID: PMC6200766 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The anti-proliferative activity of dietary flavonoid fisetin has been validated in various cancer models. Establishing its precise mechanism of action has proved somewhat challenging given the multiplicity of its targets. We demonstrated that YB-1 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and its inhibition suppressed tumor cell proliferation and invasion. The p90 ribosomal S6 kinase (RSK), an important ERK effector, activates YB-1 to drive melanoma growth. We found that fisetin treatment of monolayer/3-D melanoma cultures resulted in YB-1 dephosphorylation and reduced transcript levels. In parallel, fisetin suppressed mesenchymal markers and matrix-metalloproteinases in melanoma cells. Data from cell-free/cell-based systems indicated that fisetin inhibited RSK activity through binding to the kinase. Affinity studies for RSK isoforms evaluated stronger interaction for RSK2 than RSK1. Competition assays performed to monitor binding responses revealed that YB-1 and RSK2 do not compete, rather binding of fisetin to RSK2 promotes its binding to YB-1. Fisetin suppressed YB-1/RSK signaling independent of its effect on ERK, and reduced MDR1 levels. Comparable efficacy of fisetin and vemurafenib for inhibiting melanoma growth was noted albeit through divergent modulation of ERK. Our studies provide insight into additional modes of regulation through which fisetin interferes with melanoma growth underscoring its potential therapeutic efficacy in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Sechi
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Rahul K Lall
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Saheed O Afolabi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Anant Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Dinesh C Joshi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Shing-Yan Chiu
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Hasan Mukhtar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA
| | - Deeba N Syed
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA.
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44
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Deng H, Hillpot E, Mondal S, Khurana KK, Woodworth CD. HPV16-Immortalized Cells from Human Transformation Zone and Endocervix are More Dysplastic than Ectocervical Cells in Organotypic Culture. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15402. [PMID: 30337615 PMCID: PMC6194146 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33865-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A major risk factor for cervical cancer is persistent infection with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) which can cause cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Greater than 90% of cervical cancers develop in the transformation zone (TZ), a small region of metaplastic squamous epithelium at the squamocolumnar junction between endocervix and ectocervix. However, it is unclear why this region is highly susceptible to malignant progression. We hypothesized that cells from TZ were more susceptible to dysplastic differentiation, a precursor to cervical cancer. We used three-dimensional organotypic culture to compare differentiation of HPV16-immortalized epithelial cell lines derived from ectocervix, TZ, and endocervix. We show that immortal cells from TZ or endocervix form epithelia that are more dysplastic than immortal cells from ectocervix. A higher percentage of immortal cells from TZ and endocervix express the proliferation marker Ki-67 and are positive for phospho-Akt. Immortal cells from TZ and endocervix invade collagen rafts and express increased levels of matrix metalloproteinase-1. Inhibition of MMP-1 or Akt activity blocks invasion. We conclude that HPV16-immortalized cells cultured from TZ or endocervix are more susceptible to dysplastic differentiation, and this might enhance their susceptibility to cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Deng
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States of America
| | - Eric Hillpot
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States of America
| | - Sumona Mondal
- Department of Mathematics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States of America
| | - Kamal K Khurana
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Craig D Woodworth
- Department of Biology, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY, United States of America.
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45
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Leidy-Davis T, Cheng K, Goodwin LO, Morgan JL, Juan WC, Roca X, Ong ST, Bergstrom DE. Viable Mice with Extensive Gene Humanization (25-kbp) Created Using Embryonic Stem Cell/Blastocyst and CRISPR/Zygote Injection Approaches. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15028. [PMID: 30301924 PMCID: PMC6177426 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33408-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we describe an expansion of the typical DNA size limitations associated with CRISPR knock-in technology, more specifically, the physical extent to which mouse genomic DNA can be replaced with donor (in this case, human) DNA at an orthologous locus by zygotic injection. Driving our efforts was the desire to create a whole animal model that would replace 17 kilobase pairs (kbp) of the mouse Bcl2l11 gene with the corresponding 25-kbp segment of human BCL2L11, including a conditionally removable segment (2.9-kbp) of intron 2, a cryptic human exon immediately 3' of this, and a native human exon some 20 kbp downstream. Using two methods, we first carried out the replacement by employing a combination of bacterial artificial chromosome recombineering, classic embryonic stem cell (ESC) targeting, dual selection, and recombinase-driven cassette removal (ESC/Blastocyst Approach). Using a unique second method, we employed the same vector (devoid of its selectable marker cassettes), microinjecting it along with redundant single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) and Cas9 mRNA into mouse zygotes (CRISPR/Zygote Approach). In both instances, we were able to achieve humanization of Bcl2l11 to the extent designed, remove all selection cassettes, and demonstrate the functionality of the conditionally removable, loxP-flanked, 2.9-kbp intronic segment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kai Cheng
- Genetic Resource Science, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- Genetically Engineered Models and Services, Charles River Laboratories, Wilmington, USA
| | - Leslie O Goodwin
- Genetic Resource Science, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
| | - Judith L Morgan
- Genetic Resource Science, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA
- Center for Biometric Analysis, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, USA
| | - Wen Chun Juan
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- MSD Pharma (Singapore) Private Limited, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - Xavier Roca
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
| | - S Tiong Ong
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Signature Research Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Haematology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - David E Bergstrom
- Genetic Resource Science, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
- Cancer Center, The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, USA.
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46
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Lima EABF, Ghousifam N, Ozkan A, Oden JT, Shahmoradi A, Rylander MN, Wohlmuth B, Yankeelov TE. Calibration of Multi-Parameter Models of Avascular Tumor Growth Using Time Resolved Microscopy Data. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14558. [PMID: 30266911 PMCID: PMC6162291 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Two of the central challenges of using mathematical models for predicting the spatiotemporal development of tumors is the lack of appropriate data to calibrate the parameters of the model, and quantitative characterization of the uncertainties in both the experimental data and the modeling process itself. We present a sequence of experiments, with increasing complexity, designed to systematically calibrate the rates of apoptosis, proliferation, and necrosis, as well as mobility, within a phase-field tumor growth model. The in vitro experiments characterize the proliferation and death of human liver carcinoma cells under different initial cell concentrations, nutrient availabilities, and treatment conditions. A Bayesian framework is employed to quantify the uncertainties in model parameters. The average difference between the calibration and the data, across all time points is between 11.54% and 14.04% for the apoptosis experiments, 7.33% and 23.30% for the proliferation experiments, and 8.12% and 31.55% for the necrosis experiments. The results indicate the proposed experiment-computational approach is generalizable and appropriate for step-by-step calibration of multi-parameter models, yielding accurate estimations of model parameters related to rates of proliferation, apoptosis, and necrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A B F Lima
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, USA.
| | - N Ghousifam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, USA
| | - A Ozkan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, USA
| | - J T Oden
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, USA
| | - A Shahmoradi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, USA
- Department of Neurology, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, USA
| | - M N Rylander
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, USA
| | - B Wohlmuth
- Department of Mathematics, Technical University of Munich, Garching, 85748, Germany
| | - T E Yankeelov
- Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, USA
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, USA
- Department of Oncology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, USA
- Livestrong Cancer Institutes, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, 78712, USA
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47
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Constantino MA, Jabbarzadeh M, Fu HC, Shen Z, Fox JG, Haesebrouck F, Linden SK, Bansil R. Bipolar lophotrichous Helicobacter suis combine extended and wrapped flagella bundles to exhibit multiple modes of motility. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14415. [PMID: 30258065 PMCID: PMC6158295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The swimming strategies of unipolar flagellated bacteria are well known but little is known about how bipolar bacteria swim. Here we examine the motility of Helicobacter suis, a bipolar gastric-ulcer-causing bacterium that infects pigs and humans. Phase-contrast microscopy of unlabeled bacteria reveals flagella bundles in two conformations, extended away from the body (E) or flipped backwards and wrapped (W) around the body. We captured videos of the transition between these two states and observed three different swimming modes in broth: with one bundle rotating wrapped around the body and the other extended (EW), both extended (EE), and both wrapped (WW). Only EW and WW modes were seen in porcine gastric mucin. The EW mode displayed ballistic trajectories while the other two displayed superdiffusive random walk trajectories with slower swimming speeds. Separation into these two categories was also observed by tracking the mean square displacement of thousands of trajectories at lower magnification. Using the Method of Regularized Stokeslets we numerically calculate the swimming dynamics of these three different swimming modes and obtain good qualitative agreement with the measurements, including the decreased speed of the less frequent modes. Our results suggest that the extended bundle dominates the swimming dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Henry C Fu
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Zeli Shen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - James G Fox
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
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48
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Sluch VM, Banks A, Li H, Crowley MA, Davis V, Xiang C, Yang J, Demirs JT, Vrouvlianis J, Leehy B, Hanks S, Hyman AM, Aranda J, Chang B, Bigelow CE, Rice DS. ADIPOR1 is essential for vision and its RPE expression is lost in the Mfrp rd6 mouse. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14339. [PMID: 30254279 PMCID: PMC6156493 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32579-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The knockout (KO) of the adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) gene causes retinal degeneration. Here we report that ADIPOR1 protein is primarily found in the eye and brain with little expression in other tissues. Further analysis of AdipoR1 KO mice revealed that these animals exhibit early visual system abnormalities and are depleted of RHODOPSIN prior to pronounced photoreceptor death. A KO of AdipoR1 post-development either in photoreceptors or the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) resulted in decreased expression of retinal proteins, establishing a role for ADIPOR1 in supporting vision in adulthood. Subsequent analysis of the Mfrprd6 mouse retina demonstrated that these mice are lacking ADIPOR1 in their RPE layer alone, suggesting that loss of ADIPOR1 drives retinal degeneration in this model. Moreover, we found elevated levels of IRBP in both the AdipoR1 KO and the Mfrprd6 models. The spatial distribution of IRBP was also abnormal. This dysregulation of IRBP hypothesizes a role for ADIPOR1 in retinoid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin M Sluch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
| | - Angela Banks
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Maura A Crowley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Vanessa Davis
- Global Scientific Operations, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Chuanxi Xiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Junzheng Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - John T Demirs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Joanna Vrouvlianis
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Barrett Leehy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Shawn Hanks
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Alexandra M Hyman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jorge Aranda
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Bo Chang
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Maine, United States
| | - Chad E Bigelow
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Dennis S Rice
- Department of Ophthalmology, Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States.
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49
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Abstract
Breast cancer cells frequently home to the bone, but the mechanisms controlling tumor colonization of the bone marrow remain unclear. We report significant enrichment of bone-disseminated estrogen receptor positive human MCF7 cells by 17 β-estradiol (E2) following intracardiac inoculation. Using flow cytometric and quantitative PCR approaches, tumor cells were detected in >80% of MCF7 tumor-inoculated mice, regardless of E2, suggesting that E2 is not required for MCF7 dissemination to the bone marrow. Furthermore, we propose two additional models in which to study prolonged latency periods by bone-disseminated tumor cells: murine D2.0R and human SUM159 breast carcinoma cells. Tumor cells were detected in bone marrow of up to 100% of D2.0R and SUM159-inoculated mice depending on the detection method. These findings establish novel models of bone colonization in which to study mechanisms underlying tumor cell seeding to the marrow and prolonged latency, and provide highly sensitive methods to detect these rare events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda E Sowder
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Rachelle W Johnson
- Program in Cancer Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Vanderbilt Center for Bone Biology, Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA.
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50
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Fernandes LM, Al-Dwairi A, Simmen RCM, Marji M, Brown DM, Jewell SW, Simmen FA. Malic Enzyme 1 (ME1) is pro-oncogenic in Apc Min/+ mice. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14268. [PMID: 30250042 PMCID: PMC6155149 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32532-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytosolic Malic Enzyme (ME1) provides reduced NADP for anabolism and maintenance of redox status. To examine the role of ME1 in tumor genesis of the gastrointestinal tract, we crossed mice having augmented intestinal epithelial expression of ME1 (ME1-Tg mice) with ApcMin/+ mice to obtain male ApcMin/+/ME1-Tg mice. ME1 protein levels were significantly greater within gut epithelium and adenomas of male ApcMin/+/ME1-Tg than ApcMin/+ mice. Male ApcMin/+/ME1-Tg mice had larger and greater numbers of adenomas in the small intestine (jejunum and ileum) than male ApcMin/+ mice. Male ApcMin/+/ME1-Tg mice exhibited greater small intestine crypt depth and villus length in non-adenoma regions, correspondent with increased KLF9 protein abundance in crypts and lamina propria. Small intestines of male ApcMin/+/ME1-Tg mice also had enhanced levels of Sp5 mRNA, suggesting Wnt/β-catenin pathway activation. A small molecule inhibitor of ME1 suppressed growth of human CRC cells in vitro, but had little effect on normal rat intestinal epithelial cells. Targeting of ME1 may add to the armentarium of therapies for cancers of the gastrointestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo M Fernandes
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Ahmed Al-Dwairi
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Rosalia C M Simmen
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Meera Marji
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Dustin M Brown
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Sarah W Jewell
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Frank A Simmen
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
- The Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
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