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Zhou Y, Wang L, Rubio MC, Pérez-Rontomé C, Zhou Y, Qi Y, Tian T, Zhang W, Fan Q, Becana M, Duanmu D. Heme catabolism mediated by heme oxygenase in uninfected interstitial cells enables efficient symbiotic nitrogen fixation in Lotus japonicus nodules. New Phytol 2023. [PMID: 37329247 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Legume nodules produce large quantities of heme required for the synthesis of leghemoglobin (Lb) and other hemoproteins. Despite the crucial function of Lb in nitrogen fixation and the toxicity of free heme, the mechanisms of heme homeostasis remain elusive. Biochemical, cellular, and genetic approaches were used to study the role of heme oxygenases (HOs) in heme degradation in the model legume Lotus japonicus. Heme and biliverdin were quantified and localized, HOs were characterized, and knockout LORE1 and CRISPR/Cas9 mutants for LjHO1 were generated and phenotyped. We show that LjHO1, but not the LjHO2 isoform, is responsible for heme catabolism in nodules and identify biliverdin as the in vivo product of the enzyme in senescing green nodules. Spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed that LjHO1 expression and biliverdin production are restricted to the plastids of uninfected interstitial cells. The nodules of ho1 mutants showed decreased nitrogen fixation, and the development of brown, rather than green, nodules during senescence. Increased superoxide production was observed in ho1 nodules, underscoring the importance of LjHO1 in antioxidant defense. We conclude that LjHO1 plays an essential role in degradation of Lb heme, uncovering a novel function of nodule plastids and uninfected interstitial cells in nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Longlong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Maria Carmen Rubio
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Montañana 1005, Zaragoza, 50059, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-Rontomé
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Montañana 1005, Zaragoza, 50059, Spain
| | - Yumiao Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yongmei Qi
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tao Tian
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Weiqing Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiuling Fan
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avenida Montañana 1005, Zaragoza, 50059, Spain
| | - Deqiang Duanmu
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, 518000, China
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2
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Fukai E, Yoshikawa M, Shah N, Sandal N, Miyao A, Ono S, Hirakawa H, Akyol TY, Umehara Y, Nonomura KI, Stougaard J, Hirochika H, Hayashi M, Sato S, Andersen SU, Okazaki K. Widespread and transgenerational retrotransposon activation in inter- and intraspecies recombinant inbred populations of Lotus japonicus. Plant J 2022; 111:1397-1410. [PMID: 35792830 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Transposable elements (TEs) constitute a large proportion of genomes of multicellular eukaryotes, including flowering plants. TEs are normally maintained in a silenced state and their transpositions rarely occur. Hybridization between distant species has been regarded as a 'shock' that stimulates genome reorganization, including TE mobilization. However, whether crosses between genetically close parents that result in viable and fertile offspring can induce TE transpositions has remained unclear. Here, we investigated the activation of long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons in three Lotus japonicus recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations. We found that at least six LTR retrotransposon families were activated and transposed in 78% of the RILs investigated. LORE1a, one of the transposed LTR retrotransposons, showed transgenerational epigenetic activation, indicating the long-term effects of epigenetic instability induced by hybridization. Our study highlights TE activation as an unexpectedly common event in plant reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eigo Fukai
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi-ninocho, 950-2181, Niigata, Japan
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2, Oowashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
- Plant Cytogenetics, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
- Department of Technology Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Manabu Yoshikawa
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2, Oowashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Niraj Shah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Niels Sandal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Akio Miyao
- Institute of Crop Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-2, Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Seijiro Ono
- Plant Cytogenetics, Department of Gene Function and Phenomics, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka, 411-8540, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirakawa
- Department of Technology Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Turgut Yigit Akyol
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Yosuke Umehara
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2, Oowashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Nonomura
- Department of Technology Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Hirohiko Hirochika
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2, Oowashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 1-2, Oowashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Shusei Sato
- Department of Technology Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8577, Japan
| | | | - Keiichi Okazaki
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Ikarashi-ninocho, 950-2181, Niigata, Japan
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3
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Venice F, Chialva M, Domingo G, Novero M, Carpentieri A, Salvioli di Fossalunga A, Ghignone S, Amoresano A, Vannini C, Lanfranco L, Bonfante P. Symbiotic responses of Lotus japonicus to two isogenic lines of a mycorrhizal fungus differing in the presence/absence of an endobacterium. Plant J 2021; 108:1547-1564. [PMID: 34767660 PMCID: PMC9300078 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
As other arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, Gigaspora margarita contains unculturable endobacteria in its cytoplasm. A cured fungal line has been obtained and showed it was capable of establishing a successful mycorrhizal colonization. However, previous OMICs and physiological analyses have demonstrated that the cured fungus is impaired in some functions during the pre-symbiotic phase, leading to a lower respiration activity, lower ATP, and antioxidant production. Here, by combining deep dual-mRNA sequencing and proteomics applied to Lotus japonicus roots colonized by the fungal line with bacteria (B+) and by the cured line (B-), we tested the hypothesis that L. japonicus (i) activates its symbiotic pathways irrespective of the presence or absence of the endobacterium, but (ii) perceives the two fungal lines as different physiological entities. Morphological observations confirmed the absence of clear endobacteria-dependent changes in the mycorrhizal phenotype of L. japonicus, while transcript and proteomic datasets revealed activation of the most important symbiotic pathways. They included the iconic nutrient transport and some less-investigated pathways, such as phenylpropanoid biosynthesis. However, significant differences between the mycorrhizal B+/B- plants emerged in the respiratory pathways and lipid biosynthesis. In both cases, the roots colonized by the cured line revealed a reduced capacity to activate genes involved in antioxidant metabolism, as well as the early biosynthetic steps of the symbiotic lipids, which are directed towards the fungus. Similar to its pre-symbiotic phase, the intraradical fungus revealed transcripts related to mitochondrial activity, which were downregulated in the cured line, as well as perturbation in lipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Venice
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Matteo Chialva
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Guido Domingo
- Department of Biotechnology and Life SciencesUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Mara Novero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Andrea Carpentieri
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IINapoliItaly
| | | | - Stefano Ghignone
- National Research Council (CNR)Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IPSP)TurinItaly
| | - Angela Amoresano
- Department of Chemical SciencesUniversity of Naples Federico IINapoliItaly
| | - Candida Vannini
- Department of Biotechnology and Life SciencesUniversity of InsubriaVareseItaly
| | - Luisa Lanfranco
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems BiologyUniversity of TurinTurinItaly
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4
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Kawaharada Y, Sandal N, Gupta V, Jin H, Kawaharada M, Taniuchi M, Ruman H, Nadzieja M, Andersen KR, Schneeberger K, Stougaard J, Andersen SU. Natural variation identifies a Pxy gene controlling vascular organisation and formation of nodules and lateral roots in Lotus japonicus. New Phytol 2021; 230:2459-2473. [PMID: 33759450 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Forward and reverse genetics using the model legumes Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula have been instrumental in identifying the essential genes governing legume-rhizobia symbiosis. However, little information is known about the effects of intraspecific variation on symbiotic signalling. Here, we use quantitative trait locus sequencing (QTL-seq) to investigate the genetic basis of the differentiated phenotypic responses shown by the Lotus accessions Gifu and MG20 to inoculation with the Mesorhizobium loti exoU mutant that produces truncated exopolysaccharides. We identified through genetic complementation the Pxy gene as a component of this differential exoU response. Lotus Pxy encodes a leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase similar to Arabidopsis thaliana PXY, which regulates stem vascular development. We show that Lotus pxy insertion mutants displayed defects in root and stem vascular organisation, as well as lateral root and nodule formation. Our work links Pxy to de novo organogenesis in the root, highlights the genetic overlap between regulation of lateral root and nodule formation, and demonstrates that natural variation in Pxy affects nodulation signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuyuki Kawaharada
- Department of Plant BioSciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels Sandal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Haojie Jin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maya Kawaharada
- Department of Plant BioSciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Makoto Taniuchi
- Department of Plant BioSciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Hafijur Ruman
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
| | - Marcin Nadzieja
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kasper R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Korbinian Schneeberger
- Department for Plant Developmental Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Stig U Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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5
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Akamatsu A, Nagae M, Nishimura Y, Romero Montero D, Ninomiya S, Kojima M, Takebayashi Y, Sakakibara H, Kawaguchi M, Takeda N. Endogenous gibberellins affect root nodule symbiosis via transcriptional regulation of NODULE INCEPTION in Lotus japonicus. Plant J 2021; 105:1507-1520. [PMID: 33300204 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Legumes and nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria establish root nodule symbiosis, which is orchestrated by several plant hormones. Exogenous addition of biologically active gibberellic acid (GA) is known to inhibit root nodule symbiosis. However, the precise role of GA has not been elucidated because of the trace amounts of these hormones in plants and the multiple functions of GAs. Here, we found that GA signaling acts as a key regulator in a long-distance negative-feedback system of root nodule symbiosis called autoregulation of nodulation (AON). GA biosynthesis is activated during nodule formation in and around the nodule vascular bundles, and bioactive GAs accumulate in the nodule. In addition, GA signaling induces expression of the symbiotic transcription factor NODULE INCEPTION (NIN) via a cis-acting region on the NIN promoter. Mutants with deletions of this cis-acting region have increased susceptibility to rhizobial infection and reduced GA-induced CLE-RS1 and CLE-RS2 expression, suggesting that the inhibitory effect of GAs occurs through AON. This is supported by the GA-insensitive phenotypes of an AON-defective mutant of HYPERNODULATION ABERRANT ROOT FORMATION1 (HAR1) and a reciprocal grafting experiment. Thus, endogenous GAs induce NIN expression via its GA-responsive cis-acting region, and subsequently the GA-induced NIN activates the AON system to regulate nodule formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Akamatsu
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Miwa Nagae
- National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Yuka Nishimura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Daniela Romero Montero
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Satsuki Ninomiya
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Yumiko Takebayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22, Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Kawaguchi
- National Institute for Basic Biology, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Naoya Takeda
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University, 2-1 Gakuen, Sanda, Hyogo, 669-1337, Japan
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6
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Xiao A, Yu H, Fan Y, Kang H, Ren Y, Huang X, Gao X, Wang C, Zhang Z, Zhu H, Cao Y. Transcriptional regulation of NIN expression by IPN2 is required for root nodule symbiosis in Lotus japonicus. New Phytol 2020; 227:513-528. [PMID: 32187696 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Expression of Nodule Inception (NIN) is essential for initiation of legume-rhizobial symbiosis. An existing model regarding the regulation of NIN expression involves two GRAS transcription factors - NSP1 (Nodulation Signaling Pathway 1) and NSP2. NSP2 forms a complex with NSP1 to directly bind to NIN promoter. However, rhizobial treatment-induced NIN expression could still be detected in the nsp1 mutant plants, suggesting that other proteins must be involved in the regulation of NIN expression. A combination of molecular, biochemical and genetic analyses was used to investigate the molecular basis of IPN2 in regulating root development and NIN expression in Lotus japonicus. In this study, we identified that IPN2 is a close homolog of Arabidopsis APL (ALTERED PHLOEM DEVELOPMENT) with essential function in root development. However, Lotus IPN2 has a different expression pattern compared with the Arabidopsis APL gene. IPN2 binds to the IPN2-responsive cis element (IPN2-RE) of NIN promoter and activates NIN expression. IPN2, NSP1 and NSP2 form a protein complex to directly target NIN promoter and activate NIN expression in the legume-rhizobial symbiosis. Our data refine the regulatory model of NIN expression that NSP2 works together with NSP1 and IPN2 to activate the NIN gene allowing nodulation in L. japonicus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifang Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Haixiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yuqian Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Heng Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yaping Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaoqin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhongming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yangrong Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology and College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
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7
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Skiada V, Avramidou M, Bonfante P, Genre A, Papadopoulou KK. An endophytic Fusarium-legume association is partially dependent on the common symbiotic signalling pathway. New Phytol 2020; 226:1429-1444. [PMID: 31997356 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Legumes interact with a wide range of microbes in their root systems, ranging from beneficial symbionts to pathogens. Symbiotic rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhizal glomeromycetes trigger a so-called common symbiotic signalling pathway (CSSP), including the induction of nuclear calcium spiking in the root epidermis. By combining gene expression analysis, mutant phenotypic screening and analysis of nuclear calcium elevations, we demonstrate that recognition of an endophytic Fusarium solani strain K (FsK) in model legumes is initiated via perception of chitooligosaccharidic molecules and is, at least partially, CSSP-dependent. FsK induced the expression of Lysin-motif receptors for chitin-based molecules, CSSP members and CSSP-dependent genes in Lotus japonicus. In LysM and CSSP mutant/RNAi lines, root penetration and fungal intraradical progression was either stimulated or limited, whereas FsK exudates triggered CSSP-dependent nuclear calcium spiking, in epidermal cells of Medicago truncatula root organ cultures. Our results corroborate CSSP being involved in the perception of signals from other microbes beyond the restricted group of symbiotic interactions sensu stricto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliki Skiada
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, 41500, Greece
| | - Marianna Avramidou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, 41500, Greece
| | - Paola Bonfante
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Andrea Genre
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Kalliope K Papadopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, 41500, Greece
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8
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Rubio MC, Calvo-Begueria L, Díaz-Mendoza M, Elhiti M, Moore M, Matamoros MA, James EK, Díaz I, Pérez-Rontomé C, Villar I, Sein-Echaluce VC, Hebelstrup KH, Dietz KJ, Becana M. Phytoglobins in the nuclei, cytoplasm and chloroplasts modulate nitric oxide signaling and interact with abscisic acid. Plant J 2019; 100:38-54. [PMID: 31148289 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic hemoglobins provide O2 to N2 -fixing bacteria within legume nodules, but the functions of non-symbiotic hemoglobins or phytoglobins (Glbs) are much less defined. Immunolabeling combined with confocal microscopy of the Glbs tagged at the C-terminus with green fluorescent protein was used to determine their subcellular localizations in Arabidopsis and Lotus japonicus. Recombinant proteins were used to examine nitric oxide (NO) scavenging in vitro and transgenic plants to show S-nitrosylation and other in vivo interactions with NO and abscisic acid (ABA) responses. We found that Glbs occur in the nuclei, chloroplasts and amyloplasts of both model plants, and also in the cytoplasm of Arabidopsis cells. The proteins show similar NO dioxygenase activities in vitro, are nitrosylated in Cys residues in vivo, and scavenge NO in the stomatal cells. The Cys/Ser mutation does not affect NO dioxygenase activity, and S-nitrosylation does not significantly consume NO. We demonstrate an interaction between Glbs and ABA on several grounds: Glb1 and Glb2 scavenge NO produced in stomatal guard cells following ABA supply; plants overexpressing Glb1 show higher constitutive expression of the ABA responsive genes Responsive to ABA (RAB18), Responsive to Dehydration (RD29A) and Highly ABA-Induced 2 (HAI2), and are more tolerant to dehydration; and ABA strongly upregulates class 1 Glbs. We conclude that Glbs modulate NO and interact with ABA in crucial physiological processes such as the plant's response to dessication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Rubio
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Laura Calvo-Begueria
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Mercedes Díaz-Mendoza
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mohamed Elhiti
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Marten Moore
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, W5-134, Bielefeld University D-33501, Germany
| | - Manuel A Matamoros
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Euan K James
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Isabel Díaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Campus de Montegancedo 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Pérez-Rontomé
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Irene Villar
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Violeta C Sein-Echaluce
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Kim H Hebelstrup
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg, Forsøgsvej 1, 4200, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - Karl-Josef Dietz
- Biochemistry and Physiology of Plants, W5-134, Bielefeld University D-33501, Germany
| | - Manuel Becana
- Departamento de Nutrición Vegetal, Estación Experimental de Aula Dei, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Apartado 13034, 50080, Zaragoza, Spain
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9
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Garagounis C, Tsikou D, Plitsi PK, Psarrakou IS, Avramidou M, Stedel C, Anagnostou M, Georgopoulou ME, Papadopoulou KK. Lotus SHAGGY-like kinase 1 is required to suppress nodulation in Lotus japonicus. Plant J 2019; 98:228-242. [PMID: 30570783 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Glycogen synthase kinase/SHAGGY-like kinases (SKs) are a highly conserved family of signaling proteins that participate in many developmental, cell-differentiation, and metabolic signaling pathways in plants and animals. Here, we investigate the involvement of SKs in legume nodulation, a process requiring the integration of multiple signaling pathways. We describe a group of SKs in the model legume Lotus japonicus (LSKs), two of which respond to inoculation with the symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacterium Mesorhizobium loti. RNAi knock-down plants and an insertion mutant for one of these genes, LSK1, display increased nodulation. Ηairy-root lines overexpressing LSK1 form only marginally fewer mature nodules compared with controls. The expression levels of genes involved in the autoregulation of nodulation (AON) mechanism are affected in LSK1 knock-down plants at low nitrate levels, both at early and late stages of nodulation. At higher levels of nitrate, these same plants show the opposite expression pattern of AON-related genes and lose the hypernodulation phenotype. Our findings reveal an additional role for the versatile SK gene family in integrating the signaling pathways governing legume nodulation, and pave the way for further study of their functions in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine Garagounis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Enviromental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Daniela Tsikou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Enviromental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Panagiota K Plitsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Enviromental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Ioanna S Psarrakou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Enviromental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Marianna Avramidou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Enviromental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Catalina Stedel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Enviromental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Anagnostou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Enviromental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria E Georgopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Enviromental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
| | - Kalliope K Papadopoulou
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Laboratory of Plant and Enviromental Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, 41500, Larissa, Greece
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10
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Russo G, Carotenuto G, Fiorilli V, Volpe V, Chiapello M, Van Damme D, Genre A. Ectopic activation of cortical cell division during the accommodation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol 2019; 221:1036-1048. [PMID: 15558330 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizas (AMs) between plants and soil fungi are widespread symbioses with a major role in soil nutrient uptake. In this study we investigated the induction of root cortical cell division during AM colonization by combining morphometric and gene expression analyses with promoter activation and protein localization studies of the cell-plate-associated exocytic marker TPLATE. Our results show that TPLATE promoter is activated in colonized cells of the root cortex where we also observed the appearance of cells that are half the size of the surrounding cells. Furthermore, TPLATE-green fluorescent protein recruitment to developing cell plates highlighted ectopic cell division events in the inner root cortex during early AM colonization. Lastly, transcripts of TPLATE, KNOLLE and Cyclinlike 1 (CYC1) are all upregulated in the same context, alongside endocytic markers Adaptor-Related Protein complex 2 alpha 1 subunit (AP2A1) and Clathrin Heavy Chain 2 (CHC2), known to be active during cell plate formation. This pattern of gene expression was recorded in wild-type Medicago truncatula roots, but not in a common symbiotic signalling pathway mutant where fungal colonization is blocked at the epidermal level. Altogether, these results suggest the activation of cell-division-related mechanisms by AM hosts during the accommodation of the symbiotic fungus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Russo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Torin, Italy
| | - Gennaro Carotenuto
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Torin, Italy
| | - Valentina Fiorilli
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Torin, Italy
| | - Veronica Volpe
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Torin, Italy
| | - Marco Chiapello
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Torin, Italy
| | - Daniel Van Damme
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Technologiepark 927, 9052, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andrea Genre
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, 10125, Torin, Italy
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11
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Liu H, Sandal N, Andersen KR, James EK, Stougaard J, Kelly S, Kawaharada Y. A genetic screen for plant mutants with altered nodulation phenotypes in response to rhizobial glycan mutants. New Phytol 2018; 220:526-538. [PMID: 29959893 DOI: 10.1111/nph.15293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nodule primordia induced by rhizobial glycan mutants often remain uninfected. To identify processes involved in infection and organogenesis we used forward genetics to identify plant genes involved in perception and responses to bacterial glycans. To dissect the mechanisms underlying the negative plant responses to the Mesorhizobium loti R7AexoU and ML001cep mutants, a screen for genetic suppressors of the nodulation phenotypes was performed on a chemically mutagenized Lotus population. Two mutant lines formed infected nitrogen-fixing pink nodules, while five mutant lines developed uninfected large white nodules, presumably altered in processes controlling organogenesis. Genetic mapping identified a mutation in the cytokinin receptor Lhk1 resulting in an alanine to valine substitution adjacent to a coiled-coil motif in the juxta-membrane region of LHK1. This results in a spontaneous nodulation phenotype and increased ethylene production. The allele was renamed snf5, and segregation studies of snf5 together with complementation studies suggest that snf5 is a gain-of-function allele. This forward genetic approach to investigate the role of glycans in the pathway synchronizing infection and organogenesis shows that a combination of plant and bacterial genetics opens new possibilities to study glycan responses in plants as well as identification of mutant alleles affecting nodule organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels Sandal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Kasper R Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Euan K James
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Simon Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yasuyuki Kawaharada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Plant BioSciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8-Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, Japan
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12
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Nadzieja M, Kelly S, Stougaard J, Reid D. Epidermal auxin biosynthesis facilitates rhizobial infection in Lotus japonicus. Plant J 2018; 95:101-111. [PMID: 29676826 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes requires nodule organogenesis to be coordinated with infection by rhizobia. The plant hormone auxin influences symbiotic infection, but the precise timing of auxin accumulation and the genetic network governing it remain unclear. We used a Lotus japonicus optimised variant of the DII-based auxin accumulation sensor and identified a rapid accumulation of auxin in the epidermis, specifically in the root hair cells. This auxin accumulation occurs in the infected root hairs during rhizobia invasion, while Nod factor application induces this response across a broader range of root hairs. Using the DR5 auxin responsive promoter, we demonstrate that activation of auxin signalling also occurs specifically in infected root hairs. Analysis of root hair transcriptome data identified induction of an auxin biosynthesis gene of the Tryptophan Amino-transferase Related (LjTar1) family following both bacteria inoculation and Nod factor treatment. Genetic analysis showed that both expression of the LjTar1 biosynthesis gene and the auxin response requires Nod factor perception, while common symbiotic pathway transcription factors are only partially required or act redundantly to initiate auxin accumulation. Using a chemical genetics approach, we confirmed that auxin biosynthesis has a functional role in promoting symbiotic infection events in the epidermis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Nadzieja
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Simon Kelly
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Dugald Reid
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
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13
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Magne K, George J, Berbel Tornero A, Broquet B, Madueño F, Andersen SU, Ratet P. Lotus japonicus NOOT-BOP-COCH-LIKE1 is essential for nodule, nectary, leaf and flower development. Plant J 2018; 94:880-894. [PMID: 29570881 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The NOOT-BOP-COCH-LIKE (NBCL) genes are orthologs of Arabidopsis thaliana BLADE-ON-PETIOLE1/2. The NBCLs are developmental regulators essential for plant shaping, mainly through the regulation of organ boundaries, the promotion of lateral organ differentiation and the acquisition of organ identity. In addition to their roles in leaf, stipule and flower development, NBCLs are required for maintaining the identity of indeterminate nitrogen-fixing nodules with persistent meristems in legumes. In legumes forming determinate nodules, without persistent meristem, the roles of NBCL genes are not known. We thus investigated the role of Lotus japonicus NOOT-BOP-COCH-LIKE1 (LjNBCL1) in determinate nodule identity and studied its functions in aerial organ development using LORE1 insertional mutants and RNA interference-mediated silencing approaches. In Lotus, LjNBCL1 is involved in leaf patterning and participates in the regulation of axillary outgrowth. Wild-type Lotus leaves are composed of five leaflets and possess a pair of nectaries at the leaf axil. Legumes such as pea and Medicago have a pair of stipules, rather than nectaries, at the base of their leaves. In Ljnbcl1, nectary development is abolished, demonstrating that nectaries and stipules share a common evolutionary origin. In addition, ectopic roots arising from nodule vascular meristems and reorganization of the nodule vascular bundle vessels were observed on Ljnbcl1 nodules. This demonstrates that NBCL functions are conserved in both indeterminate and determinate nodules through the maintenance of nodule vascular bundle identity. In contrast to its role in floral patterning described in other plants, LjNBCL1 appears essential for the development of both secondary inflorescence meristem and floral meristem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kévin Magne
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Jeoffrey George
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Ana Berbel Tornero
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, CPI Edificio 8E, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Blandine Broquet
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
| | - Francisco Madueño
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, CPI Edificio 8E, Avenida de los Naranjos s/n, Valencia, 46022, Spain
| | - Stig U Andersen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signaling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, Aarhus C, DK-8000, Denmark
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, CNRS, INRA, Université Paris-Sud, Université Evry, Université Paris-Saclay, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
- Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay IPS2, Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Bâtiment 630, 91405, Orsay, France
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14
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Yamaya-Ito H, Shimoda Y, Hakoyama T, Sato S, Kaneko T, Hossain MS, Shibata S, Kawaguchi M, Hayashi M, Kouchi H, Umehara Y. Loss-of-function of ASPARTIC PEPTIDASE NODULE-INDUCED 1 (APN1) in Lotus japonicus restricts efficient nitrogen-fixing symbiosis with specific Mesorhizobium loti strains. Plant J 2018; 93:5-16. [PMID: 29086445 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen-fixing symbiosis of legumes and Rhizobium bacteria is established by complex interactions between the two symbiotic partners. Legume Fix- mutants form apparently normal nodules with endosymbiotic rhizobia but fail to induce rhizobial nitrogen fixation. These mutants are useful for identifying the legume genes involved in the interactions essential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation. We describe here a Fix- mutant of Lotus japonicus, apn1, which showed a very specific symbiotic phenotype. It formed ineffective nodules when inoculated with the Mesorhizobium loti strain TONO. In these nodules, infected cells disintegrated and successively became necrotic, indicating premature senescence typical of Fix- mutants. However, it formed effective nodules when inoculated with the M. loti strain MAFF303099. Among nine different M. loti strains tested, four formed ineffective nodules and five formed effective nodules on apn1 roots. The identified causal gene, ASPARTIC PEPTIDASE NODULE-INDUCED 1 (LjAPN1), encodes a nepenthesin-type aspartic peptidase. The well characterized Arabidopsis aspartic peptidase CDR1 could complement the strain-specific Fix- phenotype of apn1. LjAPN1 is a typical late nodulin; its gene expression was exclusively induced during nodule development. LjAPN1 was most abundantly expressed in the infected cells in the nodules. Our findings indicate that LjAPN1 is required for the development and persistence of functional (nitrogen-fixing) symbiosis in a rhizobial strain-dependent manner, and thus determines compatibility between M. loti and L. japonicus at the level of nitrogen fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Yamaya-Ito
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
- College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, 252-0800, Japan
| | - Yoshikazu Shimoda
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Hakoyama
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Shusei Sato
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takakazu Kaneko
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Md Shakhawat Hossain
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shibata
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | | | - Makoto Hayashi
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kouchi
- International Christian University, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8585, Japan
| | - Yosuke Umehara
- Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8602, Japan
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15
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Fuechtbauer W, Yunusov T, Bozsóki Z, Gavrin A, James EK, Stougaard J, Schornack S, Radutoiu S. LYS12 LysM receptor decelerates Phytophthora palmivora disease progression in Lotus japonicus. Plant J 2018; 93:297-310. [PMID: 29171909 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 10/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Phytophthora palmivora is a devastating oomycete plant pathogen. We found that P. palmivora induces disease in Lotus japonicus and used this interaction to identify cellular and molecular events in response to this oomycete, which has a broad host range. Transcript quantification revealed that Lys12 was highly and rapidly induced during P. palmivora infection. Mutants of Lys12 displayed accelerated disease progression, earlier plant death and a lower level of defence gene expression than the wild type, while the defence program after chitin, laminarin, oligogalacturonide or flg22 treatment and the root symbioses with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and arbuscular mycorrhiza were similar to the wild type. On the microbial side, we found that P. palmivora encodes an active chitin synthase-like protein, and mycelial growth is impaired after treatment with a chitin-synthase inhibitor. However, wheat germ agglutinin-detectable N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) epitopes were not identified when the oomycete was grown in vitro or while infecting the roots. This indicates that conventional GlcNAc-mers are unlikely to be produced and/or accumulate in P. palmivora cell walls and that LYS12 might perceive an unknown carbohydrate. The impact of Lys12 on progression of root rot disease, together with the finding that similar genes are present in other P. palmivora hosts, suggests that LYS12 might mediate a common early response to this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Winnie Fuechtbauer
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Temur Yunusov
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Zoltán Bozsóki
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Aleksandr Gavrin
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Euan K James
- The James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee, DD2 5DA, Scotland, UK
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sebastian Schornack
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, 47 Bateman Street, Cambridge, CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Simona Radutoiu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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16
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Pedersen CT, Loke I, Lorentzen A, Wolf S, Kamble M, Kristensen SK, Munch D, Radutoiu S, Spillner E, Roepstorff P, Thaysen-Andersen M, Stougaard J, Dam S. N-glycan maturation mutants in Lotus japonicus for basic and applied glycoprotein research. Plant J 2017; 91:394-407. [PMID: 28407380 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Studies of protein N-glycosylation are important for answering fundamental questions on the diverse functions of glycoproteins in plant growth and development. Here we generated and characterised a comprehensive collection of Lotus japonicusLORE1 insertion mutants, each lacking the activity of one of the 12 enzymes required for normal N-glycan maturation in the glycosylation machinery. The inactivation of the individual genes resulted in altered N-glycan patterns as documented using mass spectrometry and glycan-recognising antibodies, indicating successful identification of null mutations in the target glyco-genes. For example, both mass spectrometry and immunoblotting experiments suggest that proteins derived from the α1,3-fucosyltransferase (Lj3fuct) mutant completely lacked α1,3-core fucosylation. Mass spectrometry also suggested that the Lotus japonicus convicilin 2 was one of the main glycoproteins undergoing differential expression/N-glycosylation in the mutants. Demonstrating the functional importance of glycosylation, reduced growth and seed production phenotypes were observed for the mutant plants lacking functional mannosidase I, N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase I, and α1,3-fucosyltransferase, even though the relative protein composition and abundance appeared unaffected. The strength of our N-glycosylation mutant platform is the broad spectrum of resulting glycoprotein profiles and altered physiological phenotypes that can be produced from single, double, triple and quadruple mutants. This platform will serve as a valuable tool for elucidating the functional role of protein N-glycosylation in plants. Furthermore, this technology can be used to generate stable plant mutant lines for biopharmaceutical production of glycoproteins displaying relative homogeneous and mammalian-like N-glycosylation features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina T Pedersen
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ian Loke
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Andrea Lorentzen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Sara Wolf
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Manoj Kamble
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sebastian K Kristensen
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - David Munch
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Simona Radutoiu
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Edzard Spillner
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Peter Roepstorff
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, DK-5230, Odense M, Denmark
| | - Morten Thaysen-Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Svend Dam
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus, Denmark
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17
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Duan G, Hakoyama T, Kamiya T, Miwa H, Lombardo F, Sato S, Tabata S, Chen Z, Watanabe T, Shinano T, Fujiwara T. LjMOT1, a high-affinity molybdate transporter from Lotus japonicus, is essential for molybdate uptake, but not for the delivery to nodules. Plant J 2017; 90:1108-1119. [PMID: 28276145 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 03/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Molybdenum (Mo) is an essential nutrient for plants, and is required for nitrogenase activity of legumes. However, the pathways of Mo uptake from soils and then delivery to the nodules have not been characterized in legumes. In this study, we characterized a high-affinity Mo transporter (LjMOT1) from Lotus japonicus. Mo concentrations in an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized line (ljmot1) decreased by 70-95% compared with wild-type (WT). By comparing the DNA sequences of four AtMOT1 homologs between mutant and WT lines, one point mutation was found in LjMOT1, which altered Trp292 to a stop codon; no mutation was found in the other homologous genes. The phenotype of Mo concentrations in F2 progeny from ljmot1 and WT crosses were associated with genotypes of LjMOT1. Introduction of endogenous LjMOT1 to ljmot1 restored Mo accumulation to approximately 60-70% of the WT. Yeast expressing LjMOT1 exhibited high Mo uptake activity, and the Km was 182 nm. LjMOT1 was expressed mainly in roots, and its expression was not affected by Mo supply or rhizobium inoculation. Although Mo accumulation in the nodules of ljmot1 was significantly lower than that of WT, it was still high enough for normal nodulation and nitrogenase activity, even for cotyledons-removed ljmot1 plants grown under low Mo conditions, in this case the plant growth was significantly inhibited by Mo deficiency. Our results suggest that LjMOT1 is an essential Mo transporter in L. japonicus for Mo uptake from the soil and growth, but is not for Mo delivery to the nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tsuneo Hakoyama
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takehiro Kamiya
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miwa
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - Fabien Lombardo
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
- National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO) Institute of Crop Science, Ibaraki, 305-8518, Japan
| | - Shusei Sato
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0812, Japan
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tabata
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0812, Japan
| | - Zheng Chen
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 010-8589, Japan
- Department of Environmental Science, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Toshihiro Watanabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 010-8589, Japan
| | - Takuro Shinano
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 010-8589, Japan
- NARO Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, Arai, Fukushima, 960-2156, Japan
| | - Toru Fujiwara
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
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18
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Małolepszy A, Mun T, Sandal N, Gupta V, Dubin M, Urbański D, Shah N, Bachmann A, Fukai E, Hirakawa H, Tabata S, Nadzieja M, Markmann K, Su J, Umehara Y, Soyano T, Miyahara A, Sato S, Hayashi M, Stougaard J, Andersen SU. The LORE1 insertion mutant resource. Plant J 2016; 88:306-317. [PMID: 27322352 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.13243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Long terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons are closely related to retroviruses, and their activities shape eukaryotic genomes. Here, we present a complete Lotus japonicus insertion mutant collection generated by identification of 640 653 new insertion events following de novo activation of the LTR element Lotus retrotransposon 1 (LORE1) (http://lotus.au.dk). Insertion preferences are critical for effective gene targeting, and we exploit our large dataset to analyse LTR element characteristics in this context. We infer the mechanism that generates the consensus palindromes typical of retroviral and LTR retrotransposon insertion sites, identify a short relaxed insertion site motif, and demonstrate selective integration into CHG-hypomethylated genes. These characteristics result in a steep increase in deleterious mutation rate following activation, and allow LORE1 active gene targeting to approach saturation within a population of 134 682 L. japonicus lines. We suggest that saturation mutagenesis using endogenous LTR retrotransposons with germinal activity can be used as a general and cost-efficient strategy for generation of non-transgenic mutant collections for unrestricted use in plant research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Małolepszy
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Terry Mun
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niels Sandal
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Vikas Gupta
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Manu Dubin
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Dr. Bohr-Gasse 3, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dorian Urbański
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Niraj Shah
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Asger Bachmann
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Eigo Fukai
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), 2-1-2 Kannon-dai, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Hideki Hirakawa
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tabata
- Kazusa DNA Research Institute, 2-6-7 Kazusa-kamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba, 292-0818, Japan
| | - Marcin Nadzieja
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Katharina Markmann
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Junyi Su
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Yosuke Umehara
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), 2-1-2 Kannon-dai, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Takashi Soyano
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), 2-1-2 Kannon-dai, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Akira Miyahara
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), 2-1-2 Kannon-dai, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Shusei Sato
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Katahira 2-1-1, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan
| | - Makoto Hayashi
- Division of Plant Sciences, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences (NIAS), 2-1-2 Kannon-dai, Tsukuba, 305-8602, Japan
| | - Jens Stougaard
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Stig U Andersen
- Centre for Carbohydrate Recognition and Signalling, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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