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Ye Y, Zhao Y, Han T, Zhang X, Miao H, Qin B, Zhou X. Accuracy of axial length, keratometry, and refractive measurement with Myopia Master in children with ametropia. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:468. [PMID: 36463113 PMCID: PMC9719213 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02672-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the accuracy of axial length, keratometry, and refractive measurement with Myopia Master in ametropic children. METHODS In this randomized prospective cross-sectional study, 125 children with ametropia (250 eyes) were recruited (55 boys and 70 girls; age range: 3-15 years). All examinations were performed under full cycloplegic conditions. Measurements of axial length (AL), keratometry, and autorefraction acquired with the Myopia Master were compared with those from the IOLMaster 500, IOLMaster 700, Nidek ARK-1, and manifest refraction. The differences between the different methods were analyzed, and their correlation was assessed by interclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), Bland-Altman plot, and correlation test. RESULTS The ALs (mm) measured with Myopia Master, IOLMaster 500, and IOLMaster 700 were 23.67 ± 1.26, 23.68 ± 1.26, and 23.70 ± 1.25, respectively. The mean values and standard deviations for AL and keratometry readings from these devices were similar (P ≥ 0.059). The ICC analysis also revealed high consistency between the measurements (ICC ≥ 0.943). Additionally, the correlation coefficients were relatively high (r > 0.9, p < 0.001). Although the results of refraction obtained with the Myopia Master were slightly higher than those with manifest refraction (P ≤ 0.024), the agreement between these two measurements was excellent (ICC ≥ 0.858). The percentage of points outside the limits of agreements was < 5.22% in Bland-Altman plots for all analyses. CONCLUSIONS Myopia Master could be a highly efficient tool for clinical use as a three-in-one system (AL, keratometry, and refractive measurements) for screening in children with ametropia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Ye
- grid.411079.a0000 0004 1757 8722Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200031 China ,grid.411079.a0000 0004 1757 8722Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- grid.411079.a0000 0004 1757 8722Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200031 China ,grid.411079.a0000 0004 1757 8722Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Tian Han
- grid.411079.a0000 0004 1757 8722Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200031 China ,grid.411079.a0000 0004 1757 8722Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- grid.411079.a0000 0004 1757 8722Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200031 China ,grid.411079.a0000 0004 1757 8722Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Huamao Miao
- grid.411079.a0000 0004 1757 8722Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200031 China ,grid.411079.a0000 0004 1757 8722Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Qin
- grid.411079.a0000 0004 1757 8722Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200031 China ,grid.411079.a0000 0004 1757 8722Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
| | - Xingtao Zhou
- grid.411079.a0000 0004 1757 8722Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China ,grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 83 Fenyang Road, Shanghai, Shanghai 200031 China ,grid.411079.a0000 0004 1757 8722Shanghai Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Shanghai, China ,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Laser and Autostereoscopic 3D for Vision Care (20DZ2255000), Shanghai, China
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Anajekwu CC, Kizor-Akaraiwe N. Uncorrected refractive error in a university community. Niger J Clin Pract 2022; 25:361-367. [PMID: 35295061 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1603_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Aims and Background To determine the prevalence and pattern of uncorrected refractive error among staff of a Nigerian university. Patient and Methods A cross-sectional study of consecutive staff of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria who presented for a 10-day free eye screening program. Demographic data and data on eye care awareness and knowledge were obtained with a combination of self-administered and interviewer-administered questionnaires in the English language. Clinical examinations included visual acuity taken at 6 m with Snellen's chart; noncontact tonometry; pen-torch eye examination; and direct ophthalmoscopy; autorefraction and subjective refraction. Results One thousand and eighty-three subjects aged 18-82 years (mean = 44.1 ± 12.15 years) comprising 568 females (52.4%) and 515 males (47.6%) were screened. Eighty-nine subjects (8.3%) were visually impaired and five subjects (0.5%) were blind. Three hundred and fifty-six subjects were diagnosed with refractive error (356/1083; 32.9%), out of which 149 subjects (41.9%) were uncorrected. The prevalence of uncorrected refractive error in this study population was 13.8%. Astigmatism was the commonest refractive error, whereas hypermetropia and hypermetropic astigmatism were the commonest spherical and astigmatic errors, respectively. Conclusion A significant proportion of the staff of this Nigerian university still lives with uncorrected refractive error with its attendant consequences. Regular eye checks should be done by the staff of our universities and effort should be intensified in eye care awareness creation among the populace, including the apparently enlightened communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Anajekwu
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT)/ESUT Teaching Hospital, Park-lane, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - N Kizor-Akaraiwe
- Department of Ophthalmology, College of Medicine, Enugu State University of Science and Technology (ESUT)/ESUT Teaching Hospital, Park-lane, Enugu, Nigeria
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Vankudre GS, Noushad B. Barriers and Perception Towards Spectacle Wear among a Student Population of University of Buraimi, Oman. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J 2021; 21:416-422. [PMID: 34522407 PMCID: PMC8407891 DOI: 10.18295/squmj.4.2021.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study aimed to evaluate the barriers and perceptions towards spectacle wear among the student population of the University of Buraimi, Oman. Methods A descriptive, questionnaire-based and cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2017 and May 2018. Ophthalmic examination and a standard spectacle prescription protocol were used to identify those with inappropriate spectacle coverage. A self-designed and expert validated English-language questionnaire was utilised. A chi-square test was used to assess the association between the participants’ types of perceptions and sociodemographic and refractive error-related profiles. Results In total, 275 students participated in the study (response rate: 17.19%) and 170 (61.8%) were having inappropriate spectacle correction. Only 26% of them used spectacles since the majority (73.5%) had never had their eyes examined before this study. Most perceived spectacle wear positively (53.5%), followed by some having negative (36.5%) or neutral (10.0%) perceptions. Those from a health science background including Nursing and Optometry had a higher positive perception towards spectacle wear than others (P = 0.012). The difference in the perception scores between myopic and hypermetropic refractive error groups was statistically insignificant (P = 0.882). Conclusion The majority of the participants had had inappropriate vision corrections with spectacles and not undergone any prior ocular examinations. Few wore spectacles; however, these were inappropriate given their current refractive status. The reasons for spectacle non-wear were that either new spectacles had been ordered or spectacles were lost or broken. It is recommended that the school eye health initiative be extended to the university level. A holistic eye-health promotional approach toward integrating students, teachers and parents into this initiative can improve spectacle wear within the studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopi S Vankudre
- Department of Optometry, College of Health Sciences, University of Buraimi, Al Buraimi, Oman
| | - Babu Noushad
- Department of Optometry, College of Health Sciences, University of Buraimi, Al Buraimi, Oman
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Dai X, Tang Z, Ju Y, Ni N, Gao H, Wang J, Yin L, Liu A, Weng S, Zhang J, Zhang J, Gu P. Effects of blue light-exposed retinal pigment epithelial cells on the process of ametropia. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 549:14-20. [PMID: 33652205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ametropia is one of the most common ocular disorders worldwide, to which almost half of visual impairments are attributed. Growing evidence has linked the development of ametropia with ambient light, including blue light, which is ubiquitous in our surroundings and has the highest photonic energy among the visible spectrum. However, the underlying mechanism of blue light-mediated ametropia remains controversial and unclear. In the present study, our data demonstrated that exposure of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to blue light elevated the levels of the vital ametropia-related factor type Ⅰ collagen (COL1) via β-catenin inhibition in scleral fibroblasts, leading to axial ametropia (hyperopic shift). Herein, our study provides evidence for the vital role of blue light-induced RPE dysfunction in the process of blue light-mediated ametropia, providing intriguing insights into ametropic aetiology and pathology by proposing a link among blue light, RPE dysfunction and ametropia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochan Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhimin Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yahan Ju
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Ni Ni
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Huiqin Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jiajing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Luqiao Yin
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Application, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China
| | - Ailin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology and Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shijun Weng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Institutes of Brain Science, Department of Neurology and Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Application, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200072, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the shape of the crystalline lens in terms of biometry and diopters before and after cycloplegia using the CASIA2 swept-source (SS) optical coherence tomography (OCT) system on the anterior segment. METHODS This was a retrospective study. Children and adolescents (26 males and 29 females, aged 4-21 years) with simple ametropia were selected for optometry and CASIA2 imaging at 2 separate visits before and after cycloplegia. Diopter values were derived from the spherical power (S) obtained by optometry. Biometric parameters of the crystalline lens, including the anterior chamber depth (ACD), anterior and posterior curvature of the lens (ACL and PCL), lens thickness (LTH), lens decentration (LD), lens tilt (LT), and equivalent diameter of the lens (LED), were measured by the CASIA2 system. The differences in these parameters after compared with before cycloplegia were determined, and their relationships were analyzed. RESULTS Fifty-five participants (106 eyes) were initially enrolled. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the S (t=-7.026, P < 0.001), ACD (t=-8.796, P < 0.001), ACL (t=-13.263, P < 0.001) and LTH (t = 7.363, P < 0.001) after compared with before cycloplegia. The change in the PCL (t = 1.557, P = 0.122), LD (t = 0.876, P = 0.383), LT (t = 0.440, P = 0.661) and LED (t=-0.351, P = 0.726) was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). There was a significant (P < 0.05) correlation of the change in the S with that in the ACL (r = 0.466, P < 0.001), LTH (r=-0.592, P < 0.001), and LED (r = 0.223, P = 0.021) but not the PCL (r = 0.19, P = 0.051), LD (r=-0.048, P = 0.0628) or LT (r=-0.022, P = 0.822). Furthermore, the change in the ACD was closely related to the change in crystalline morphology. However, in children and adolescents, we found that the change in crystalline morphology was unrelated to age. CONCLUSIONS Changes in lens morphology after compared with before cycloplegia are mainly related to the ACL and LTH, but there is no difference in the PCL, LD, LT, or LED. In the adolescent population, change in the S is related to change in the ACL, LED and LTH. However, age is unrelated to the shape and tendency of the crystalline lens. Further research is required to determine whether the same conclusion applies to different age groups and different refractive states (myopia, hyperopia, emmetropia) .
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Dai
- School of Basic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Province, 637000, Nanchong, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Province, 637000, Nanchong, China
| | - Meng Liu
- School of Basic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Province, 637000, Nanchong, China
| | - Xiaodong Lv
- Department of Clinical Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Province, 637000, Nanchong, China
| | - Binzhong Li
- School of Basic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Sichuan Province, 637000, Nanchong, China.
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Abstract
Introduction: To explore the prevalence of visual impairment due to uncorrected ametropia from primary students in multi-ethnic regions of Yunnan (Southern China).Methods: Primary school students of 7 ~ 12 years old from 5 multi-ethnic regions were screened. Cycloplegic refraction and subjective trial lens visual acuity were measured in all children with distance unaided visual acuity < 20/20. Gender, ages, ethnics, and regions were assessed with analysis of difference and Odds Ratio (OR) respectively, by statistics software R.Results: Of all 24296 children, the incidence rate for visual impairment from ametropia was 19.18% (myopia accounted for 94.31%) for 7 ~ 12 years old in Yunnan primary schools in a multi-ethnic region. Myopia prevalence differed significantly among gender, ages, ethnics, and regions (P = .0003, P < .00001, P < .00001, P < .00001, respectively). Girls were more prone to have myopia (OR = 1.19, 95%, CI = 1.11-1.27) than boys; the risk of myopia increased with age: 9-10 years OR = 2.6 (95% CI = 2.62-3.2), 11-12 years OR = 6.6 (95% CI = 6-7.26). Three ethnic minorities surveyed were less prone to myopia than Han: Dai OR = 0.62 (95% CI = 0.47-0.8) Hani OR = 0.56 (95%CI = 0.41-0.76) Buyi OR = 0.50 (95% CI = 0.4-0.62).Conclusions: Myopia, not corrected by glasses, was the most frequent cause of visual impairment in Yunnan primary schools, in a muli-ethnic region. Boys, young children and certain ethnic minorities were less prone to myopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department, First affiliated hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming
| | - Kaikai Qiu
- Optometry department, Shandong Liangkang Eye Hospital, Jinan
| | - Qian Zhang
- Ophthalmology Department, First affiliated hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming
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Sow AS, Ndiaye JM, Wane AM, Kane H, Ka AM, Diagne JP, Nguer M, Quenum MED, Ba EA, Ndoye Roth PA, Ndiaye PA. [ Ametropia among senegalese children in a hospital setting]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2019; 42:959-961. [PMID: 31235321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2019.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ametropia is common in children and cause strabismus and amblyopia. The goal was to establish its prevalence in a hospital setting among Senegalese children. PATIENTS AND METHODS This was a retrospective study of patients under 15 years of age with clear ocular media. The marital status, circumstances of discovery, and results of cycloplegic refraction were recorded. RESULTS Of 1506 children, 175 demonstrated ametropia. The mean age was 8 years, and the male : female ratio was 0.68. Family history of ametropia was present in 8.5 %. Decreased VA was present in 39.66 %, headache 10.06 %, and strabismus 4.47 %. Automated refraction in 109 patients and skiascopy in one patient showed 58.18 % cases of myopia, 18.18 % of hyperopia and 36.57 % of astigmatism. DISCUSSION The most common ametropia was myopia. Patients were referred for symptomatic ametropia. CONCLUSION Screening for ametropia might occur earlier if it is associated with pediatric monitoring in our regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Sow
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - J M Ndiaye
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - A M Wane
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - H Kane
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - A M Ka
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Abass Ndao Dakar Gueule Tapée, Sénégal
| | - J P Diagne
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Abass Ndao Dakar Gueule Tapée, Sénégal
| | - M Nguer
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - M E D Quenum
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Abass Ndao Dakar Gueule Tapée, Sénégal
| | - E A Ba
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - P A Ndoye Roth
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - P A Ndiaye
- Clinique ophtalmologique, CHU Abass Ndao Dakar Gueule Tapée, Sénégal
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Abstract
Objective To measure the frequency of uncorrected ametropia in children with 2 to 8 weeks of persistent headache referred to ophthalmic outpatient department for evaluation. Methods This cross sectional study was conducted at CMH Gujranwala from March 2018 to November 2018.A total of 262 children, aged from 5 to 16 years, with 2 to 8 weeks history of persistent headache underwent detailed ophthalmic assessment for refractive errors, and other ophthalmic evaluation. Children with ametropia, confirmed with cycloplegic refraction and post-mydriatic testing were prescribed with glasses. Patients without any ophthalmic findings were referred back to pediatrics department for further evaluation. Results Mean age of study population was 8.97 ± 3.16 years. Mean duration of headache was 5.03 ± 1.81 weeks. Ametropia was found in 56 (21.4%) children, while 206 (78.6%) had no refractive error. Out of children with ametropia, 20 (35.7%) had myopia, 24 (42.8%) had astigmatism and 12 (21.5%) had hypermetropia. There was no difference in ametropic children and children without ametropia with respect to gender (p=0.73), age (p=0.54) and duration of headache (p=0.71). Conclusion A significant proportion of children with ametropia have initial symptoms of headache. Any child with un-explained headache must undergo ophthalmic evaluation to diagnose refractive error, if any.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Asim Mehboob
- Dr. Mohammad Asim Mehboob, FCPS(Ophth), FICO, FRCS, MRCSEd, Combined Military Hospital, Gujranwala, Pakistan
| | - Haider Nisar
- Dr. Haider Nisar, FCPS(Paeds), Combined Military Hospital, Khuzdar, Pakistan
| | - Memoona Khan
- Dr. Memoona Khan, FCPS (Hematology), Combined Military Hospital, Khuzdar, Pakistan
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Abstract
Background & Objectives: Refractive Errors (RE) are responsible for major portion of the treatable visual impairment and avoidable blindness in the world. The prevalence of RE varies with age, gender, ethnicity, geographical locations and also from time to time due to progresse in eye care services. We aimed to study the prevalence of RE and assess their patterns among Saudi adults of Arar city, the capital of Northern Border Region of Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, population-based study. A total number of 966 Saudi adults aged 16 to 39 years were enrolled. The patterns of their RE were studied through auto-refraction evaluation. Results: The prevalence of RE was 45.8%. The most frequent type of RE was myopia in 24.4%, followed by hyperopia 11.9% and astigmatism in 9.5% cases. Ages and genders significantly affect the prevalence of the different patterns of RE (0.033 and 0.012, respectively). Conclusion: The prevalence of RE in Arar city is slightly lower than that previously published in the same targeted age group. Myopia is the main RE. More awareness programs, especially among young adults are recommended for better outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujeeb Ur Rehman Parrey
- Dr. Mujeeb Ur Rehman Parrey, Ph.D. Department of Surgery, P.O. Box-1321, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ekramy Elmorsy
- Dr. Ekramy Elmorsy, MD. Department of Pathology, P.O. Box-1321, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Luensmann D, Schaeffer JL, Rumney NJ, Stanberry A, Walsh K, Jones L. Spectacle prescriptions review to determine prevalence of ametropia and coverage of frequent replacement soft toric contact lenses. Cont Lens Anterior Eye 2018; 41:412-420. [PMID: 29910022 DOI: 10.1016/j.clae.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the prevalence of ametropia and astigmatism in a clinic population and to estimate the coverage of frequent replacement soft toric lenses. METHODS A review of patient files was conducted at three clinical sites. Prescription data collected between January 2014 and March 2017 in a patient cohort 14 to 70 years of age inclusive were analyzed to determine prevalence of ametropia and astigmatism. The percent coverage of frequent replacement soft toric contact lenses has further been estimated using different ranges for sphere, cylinder and axis availability. RESULTS In total 101,973 patients were included in the analysis of which 69.5% were considered myopic, 26.9% hyperopic and 3.5% emmetropic as determined by the eye with the larger absolute value of the spherical equivalent refraction. Astigmatism in at least one eye was found in 87.2% of the population, with 37.0% of the patients exhibiting astigmatism of at least -1.00DC in at least one eye. With-the-rule astigmatism was most prevalent in the 14 to 20 year-olds (53.0%), while against-the-rule astigmatism was most prevalent in the 41 to 70 year-olds (50.7%). For astigmatic eyes with a cylinder of at least -0.75DC (n = 83,540; 41% of all eyes), the coverage with toric soft lenses varied greatly depending on parameter availability and ranged between 30.7% (sphere: Plano to -3.00D, cylinder: up to -1.75DC, axes: 90 ± 10° and 180 ± 10°) and 96.4% (sphere: + 6.00D to -10.00D, cylinders: up to -2.75DC, 18 axes). CONCLUSION Currently available frequent replacement soft toric contact lenses provide coverage for up to 96.4% of potential patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doerte Luensmann
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education, Waterloo, Canada; School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.
| | | | | | - Andre Stanberry
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Karen Walsh
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education, Waterloo, Canada; School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Lyndon Jones
- Centre for Ocular Research & Education, Waterloo, Canada; School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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Barrett BT, Flavell JC, Bennett SJ, Cruickshank AG, Mankowska A, Harris JM, Buckley JG. Vision and Visual History in Elite/Near-Elite-Level Cricketers and Rugby-League Players. Sports Med Open 2017; 3:39. [PMID: 29127516 PMCID: PMC5681452 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-017-0106-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background The importance of optimal and/or superior vision for participation in high-level sports remains the subject of considerable clinical research interest. Here, we examine the vision and visual history of elite/near-elite cricketers and rugby-league players. Methods Stereoacuity (TNO), colour vision, and distance (with/without pinhole) and near visual acuity (VA) were measured in two cricket squads (elite/international-level, female, n = 16; near-elite, male, n = 23) and one professional rugby-league squad (male, n = 20). Refractive error was determined, and details of any correction worn and visual history were recorded. Results Overall, 63% had their last eye examination within 2 years. However, some had not had an eye examination for 5 years or had never had one (near-elite cricketers 30%; rugby-league players 15%; elite cricketers 6%). Comparing our results for all participants to published data for young, optimally corrected, non-sporting adults, distance VA was ~ 1 line of letters worse than expected. Adopting α = 0.01, the deficit in distance VA was significant, but only for elite cricketers (p < 0.001) (near-elite cricketers, p = 0.02; rugby-league players, p = 0.03). Near VA did not differ between subgroups or relative to published norms for young adults (p > 0.02 for all comparisons). On average, near stereoacuity was better than in young adults, but only in elite cricketers (p < 0.001; p = 0.03, near-elite cricketers; p = 0.47, rugby-league players). On-field visual issues were present in 27% of participants and mostly (in 75% of cases) comprised uncorrected ametropia. Some cricketers (near-elite 17.4%; elite 38%) wore refractive correction during play, but no rugby-league player did. Some individuals with prescribed correction choose not to wear it when playing. Conclusions Aside from near stereoacuity in elite cricketers, the basic visual abilities we measured were not better than equivalent, published data for optimally corrected adults; 20–25% exhibited sub-optimal vision, suggesting that the clearest possible vision might not be critical for participation at the highest levels in the sports of cricket or rugby league. Although vision could be improved in a sizeable proportion of our sample, the impact of correcting these, mostly subtle, refractive anomalies on playing performance is unknown. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40798-017-0106-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan T Barrett
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.
| | - Jonathan C Flavell
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK.,Department of Psychology, University of York, York, UK
| | - Simon J Bennett
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
| | - Alice G Cruickshank
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Alex Mankowska
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Julie M Harris
- School of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, UK
| | - John G Buckley
- School of Engineering, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
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Diagne JP, Sow AS, Ka AM, Wane AM, Ndoye Roth PA, Ba EA, De Medeiros ME, Ndiaye JM, Diallo HM, Kane H, Sow S, Nguer M, Sy EM, Ndiaye PA. [Rare causes of childhood leukocoria]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2017; 40:676-680. [PMID: 28893456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2017.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose was to record the causes of leukocoria among children under 10years of age and to determine the proportion of rare causes of leukocoria. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective study was conducted over a period of ten years, from January 1, 2004 to December 31, 2013, in patients under 10years of age who were referred for leukocoria. RESULTS Leukocoria represented one of the ten reasons for consultation among children under 10years of age. The mean age of our patients was 42.5months. In 76 % of cases, the leukocoria patients were children under 6years of age. Male patients were affected more commonly, with a sex-ratio of 1.5. Patients coming from Dakar and its suburbs represented two thirds of the total. Bilateral involvement represented 53.7 % of the total. Cataracts were responsible for 74.3 % of cases, retinoblastoma 20.58 %, retinal detachment 0.96 %, retinopathy of prematurity 0.96 %, pupillary membrane persistence 0.96 %, persistent hyperplastic primary vitreous 0.64 %, endophthalmitis 0.64 %, optic nerve coloboma 0.32 %, iris heterochromia 0.32 % and ametropia 0.32 %. DISCUSSION The total percentage of rare causes was 5.12 % in our study, including one case of hyperopia. These etiologies, although rare, do exist. CONCLUSION Rare causes of leukocoria require special attention. The discovery of leukocoria necessitates rigorous etiological work-up. Ametropia must be a diagnosis of exclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-P Diagne
- Hôpital Abass Ndao, HAMO 4N/S 108, BP 48220, Dakar, Sénégal.
| | - A S Sow
- Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - A M Ka
- Hôpital Abass Ndao, HAMO 4N/S 108, BP 48220, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - A M Wane
- Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal; Hôpital d'enfants de Diamniadio, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - E A Ba
- Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - J M Ndiaye
- Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - H M Diallo
- Hôpital Abass Ndao, HAMO 4N/S 108, BP 48220, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - H Kane
- Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - S Sow
- Hôpital Abass Ndao, HAMO 4N/S 108, BP 48220, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - M Nguer
- Hôpital Aristide Le Dantec, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - E M Sy
- Hôpital Abass Ndao, HAMO 4N/S 108, BP 48220, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - P A Ndiaye
- Hôpital Abass Ndao, HAMO 4N/S 108, BP 48220, Dakar, Sénégal
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Gupta M, Rana SK, Mittal SK, Sinha R. Profile of Amblyopia in School going (5-15 years) Children at State Level Referral Hospital in Uttarakhand. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:SC09-SC11. [PMID: 28050460 PMCID: PMC5198413 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/16026.8866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Amblyopia is one of the common causes of childhood visual impairment. The prevalence of amblyopia usually varies according to the age group of the studied population and the factors prevailing in that region. The upper limit of the critical time when amblyopia can develop is around eight years of age and it can be permanent if corrective measures are not taken in time. AIM The purpose of study was to know the profile and pattern of amblyopia in children aged 5-15 years with refractive error in Uttarakhand and to compare it with national and regional (South Asian) studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present retrospective cross-sectional study, 360 children from 5-15 yrs of age who attended the OPD during the period between September 2014 to February 2015, had undergone detailed Ophthalmic examination. The children having vision < 6/12 with out organic lesion were included in the study. The children with strabismus, previous ocular surgery and ocular diseases were excluded. Chi-Square test was done for statistical analysis (IBM SPSS Version 23). RESULTS The percentage of amblyopia was 8.6% (n=31) with insignificant gender variation (p-value>0.05). Amblyopia due to astigmatism (combined) was in 41.93% (n=13) followed by Hypermetropia [32.25% (n=10)] and least in myopia [25.8% (n=8)]. In 51.61% cases age of presentation was 5-10 years while rest belonged to > 10 years of age. Binocular amblyopia was more (58.06%) then unilateral amblyopia (41.93%). CONCLUSION Refractory errors are second most common cause of paediatrc amblyopia. Amblyopia and associated strabismus can have devastating psychosocial and economical fall outs. Our study emphasizes the need of visual screening of school children and prescribing them correct spectacles at appropriate time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Gupta
- Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Patel Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sudhir Kumar Rana
- Professor and Head, Department of Paediatrics, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Patel Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sanjiv Kumar Mittal
- Professor and Head, Department of Paediatrics, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Patel Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - R.N.P. Sinha
- Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Patel Nagar, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Rewri P, Nagar CK, Gupta V. Vision Screening of Younger School Children by School Teachers: A Pilot Study in Udaipur City, Western India. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 2016; 11:198-203. [PMID: 27413502 PMCID: PMC4926569 DOI: 10.4103/2008-322x.183920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the reliability of school teachers for vision screening of younger school children and to study the pattern of vision problems. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, trained school teachers screened 5,938 school children aged 3 to 8 years for vision and ocular disorders. Children were cross screened by professionals to assess the reliability of the teachers in vision screening and detecting ocular disorders in these children. The pattern of visual acuity, ametropia and ocular disorders was studied. RESULTS Sensitivity and specificity of the vision screening by school teachers was 69.2% (95% CI: 66.8-71.5%) and 95.3% (95% CI: 94.5-95.8%), respectively. The positive predictive value was 83.5% (95% CI: 81.4-85.6%) and negative predictive value was 89.8% (95% CI: 88.8-90.6%). The kappa statistic was 0.68 (95% CI: 0.66-0.7). CONCLUSION School teachers could effectively screen younger school children for vision assessment and ocular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Rewri
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maharaja Agrasen Medical College, Hisar, Haryana, India
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ravinder Nath Tagore Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Chandra Kant Nagar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ravinder Nath Tagore Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Department of Ophthalmology, Geetanjali Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Vijay Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ravinder Nath Tagore Medical College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
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Shams N, Mobaraki H, Kamali M, Jafarzadehpour E. Comparison of quality of life between myopic patients with spectacles and contact lenses, and patients who have undergone refractive surgery. J Curr Ophthalmol 2015; 27:32-6. [PMID: 27239572 PMCID: PMC4877719 DOI: 10.1016/j.joco.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The present study aims at investigating and comparing the vision-related quality of life of myopic persons who wear spectacles or contact lenses with those who have undergone refractive surgery. It also compares the vision-related quality of life of these two groups with that of emmetropes. Method In this study, the questionnaire of evaluation instrument of refractive error in quality of life (NEI/RQL-42) was used to compare the quality of life between 154 myopic patients with spectacles and contact lenses, and 32 patients who have undergone refractive surgery. The two groups were also compared with 54 emmetropes. The questionnaire included 13 different subgroups (score 0–100) related to vision. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Results The overall score of quality of life in emmetropes (95.11 ± 4.23) was more than that in persons who had undergone refractive surgery (86.98 ± 4.73), and it was the least in the group wearing spectacles or contact lenses (78.30 ± 9.21), (P < 0/001). Furthermore, except for a glare variable, the studied groups indicated a statistically significant difference in all the thirteen subgroups of vision-related quality of life. Conclusion Quality of life for people with myopia who had the refractive surgery was better than people with myopia who wore spectacles or contact lenses. Although quality of life in people with myopia who had the refractive surgery was less than emmetropia, it seems that refractive surgery improves quality of life of myopic patients.
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Kim SY, Moon BY, Cho HG. Body balance under ametropic conditions induced by spherical lenses in an upright position. J Phys Ther Sci 2015; 27:615-8. [PMID: 25931692 PMCID: PMC4395676 DOI: 10.1589/jpts.27.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] To investigate the changes in body balance under ametropic conditions induced
by spherical lenses in an upright position. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty subjects (10
males, 10 females) of average age 23.4±2.70 years participated and they were fully
corrected by subjective refraction. To induce ametropic conditions (binocular myopia and
hyperopia), lenses of ±0.50 D, ±1.00 D, ±1.50 D, ±2.00 D, ±3.00 D, ±4.00 D and ±5.00 D
were used. General stability (ST), fall risk index (FI), and sway path (SP) were analyzed
through changes in synchronization of left/right and toe/heel, as measured by the
biofeedback system, TETRAX. Measurement was performed for 32 seconds for each condition.
[Results] ST increased significantly from +0.50 D-induced myopia and from −1.00 D-induced
hyperopia as compared with corrected emmetropia. FI increased significantly from +4.00
D-induced myopia and from −1.50 D-induced hyperopia as compared with corrected emmetropia.
In SP, which means a change of body balance, toe/heel was significantly greater than
left/right in all ametropic conditions. SP of right/left synchronization was not affected
by the side of the dominant eye. [Conclusion] An uncorrected hyperope may cause subjects
to have a higher risk of falling than an uncorrected myope. Therefore, clinical
specialists should consider the refractive condition, especially hyperopia, when analyzing
body balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yeob Kim
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Yeon Moon
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Gug Cho
- Department of Optometry, Kangwon National University, Republic of Korea
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Valdez-Garcia JE, Cueto-Gómez JJ, Lozano-Ramírez JF, Tamez-Peña AE. Management of extreme ametropia after penetrating keratoplasty: a series of surgical procedures for high myopia and astigmatism. Case Rep Ophthalmol 2014; 5:255-61. [PMID: 25232339 PMCID: PMC4163692 DOI: 10.1159/000365246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of surgical interventions – relaxing corneal incisions, intraocular lens, and intrastromal rings – were used to correct a case of extreme ametropia in a thin cornea after a penetrating keratoplasty in an 18-year-old patient who presented with a −10.25 −8.50 × 120 preoperative refraction and 20/200 best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). After a series of surgical procedures, the patient's BCVA in his left eye improved to 20/30 with +0.50 −1.00 × 170, the slit lamp examination showed no significant findings, and the patient's visual complaints disappeared. At the 1-year follow-up, the BCVA was 20/25, without visual complaints. The process of individualizing the surgical procedure in the present case was employed in an outcome-based approach, that is, the next surgical procedure was defined after the surgery and postoperative evaluation. The patient did not present complications during the follow-up period of 2.5 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Valdez-Garcia
- Ophthalmology Research Chair, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico ; Instituto de Oftalmología y Ciencias Visuales - TECSalud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Juan J Cueto-Gómez
- Ophthalmology Research Chair, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Juan F Lozano-Ramírez
- Ophthalmology Research Chair, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monterrey, Mexico
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