1
|
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most common zoonotic infections in the world. Human infections are the result of direct exposure to infected animals or ingestion of unprocessed dairy products. While Brucella sp. infection has largely been eliminated from commercial cattle and swine with aggressive vaccination, there is a significant prevalence of Brucella sp. infection in the expanding population of feral swine in the US. We report the surgical treatment of a ruptured mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta due to Brucella suis in a woman living in a rural community with a large population of feral swine. Vascular surgeons should be aware that brucellosis can result in arterial infection and should be considered in the differential diagnosis in patients with a history of exposure to feral swine or the ingestion of unprocessed dairy products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John F Eidt
- Baylor Scott and White Heart and Vascular Hospital, Texas A&M Health Science University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Megan E Parrott
- General Surgery Residency Program, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Angela L Gucwa
- Doctors Community Medical Center, Luminis Health, Annapolis, MD, USA
| | - Tuan-Hung B Chu
- Baylor Scott and White Heart and Vascular Hospital, Texas A&M Health Science University, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chris Bettacchi
- North Texas Infectious Disease Consultants, Division of Infectious Disease, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jeffrey Mb Musser
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Texas A&M University College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Papić B, Kušar D, Krt B, Ocepek M, Avberšek J. Phylogeography of Brucella suis biovar 2 with focus on Slovenian wildlife. Vet Microbiol 2023; 282:109751. [PMID: 37104938 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2023.109751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Brucella suis commonly infects swine but occasionally also other animal species and humans. Wild boars are the most important reservoir of B. suis biovar 2, continually infecting susceptible hosts through close contact. Nevertheless, the genetic diversity of B. suis in wildlife remains understudied. Here, we typed 17 Slovenian B. suis biovar 2 isolates obtained in 2017-2019 from wild boars (n = 16) and a hare (n = 1) using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). To assess the global phylogenetic diversity of B. suis, we compared them to 126 publicly available B. suis genomes. All Slovenian isolates fell within the biovar 2 lineage, confirming the previous multiplex PCR typing results. According to MLST-21, the wild boar isolates were of sequence types (STs) ST16 (n = 8) and ST153 (n = 8); the maximum genetic distance between isolates of the same ST was 28 wgMLST alleles. The ST153 isolates were restricted to the Slovenian-Croatian border and clustered together with the Croatian ST153 isolates from swine, indicating cross-border transmission of B. suis ST153 strain. The hare isolate was of ST40 and was genetically distant (≥ 489 alleles) from the wild boar isolates. The genome-wide phylogeny clearly separated different B. suis biovars. The present study is the first report on the population structure of B. suis in wildlife in Slovenia and shows that the Slovenian B. suis population is genetically heterogeneous. At the species level, B. suis biovars are clearly separated in the WGS-based phylogenetic tree and can therefore be reliably predicted using WGS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bojan Papić
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Darja Kušar
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Brane Krt
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Matjaž Ocepek
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jana Avberšek
- University of Ljubljana, Veterinary Faculty, Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kneipp CC, Rose AM, Robson J, Malik R, Deutscher AT, Wiethoelter AK, Mor SM. Brucella suis in three dogs: presentation, diagnosis and clinical management. Aust Vet J 2023; 101:133-141. [PMID: 36655500 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Brucella suis is an emerging, zoonotic disease predominantly affecting dogs and humans that engage in feral pig hunting in Australia and other countries. Although B. suis infection in dogs shares some clinical similarities to the host-adapted species (B. canis), B. suis remains an incompletely understood pathogen in dogs with limited published data on its pathogenesis and clinical features. This case series describes the presentations, diagnosis, and clinical management of B. suis infection in three dogs: (1) a bitch with dystocia, abortion and mastitis; (2) an entire male dog with septic arthritis and presumptive osteomyelitis; and (3) a castrated male dog with lymphadenitis. Unique features of these cases are reported including the first documented detection of B. suis from milk and isolation from lymph nodes of canine patients, as well as the follow-up of pups born to a B. suis-infected bitch. Consistent with previous reports, all three dogs showed a favourable clinical response to combination antibiotic therapy with rifampicin and doxycycline. Individually tailored drug regimens were required based on the clinical presentation and other factors, including owner expectations and compliance with therapy as well as a zoonotic risk assessment (generally considered low, except around time of whelping). The authors include their recommendations for the clinical management of dogs that are at-risk or seropositive for B. suis with or without clinical signs or laboratory-confirmed infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Kneipp
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - A M Rose
- School of Veterinary Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Robson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Pathology, Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - R Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Albert Pugsley Pl, Charles Sturt University, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A T Deutscher
- Elizabeth MacArthur Agricultural Institute, NSW Department Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A K Wiethoelter
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - S M Mor
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Jalal K, Khan K, Uddin R. Immunoinformatic-guided designing of multi-epitope vaccine construct against Brucella Suis 1300. Immunol Res 2022; 71:247-266. [PMID: 36459272 PMCID: PMC9716126 DOI: 10.1007/s12026-022-09346-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Brucella suis mediates the transmission of brucellosis in humans and animals and a significant facultative zoonotic pathogen found in livestock. It has the capacity to survive and multiply in a phagocytic environment and to acquire resistance under hostile conditions thus becoming a threat globally. Antibiotic resistance is posing a substantial public health threat, hence there is an unmet and urgent clinical need for immune-based non-antibiotic methods to treat brucellosis. Hence, we aimed to explore the whole proteome of Brucella suis to predict antigenic proteins as a vaccine target and designed a novel chimeric vaccine (multi-epitope vaccine) through subtractive genomics-based reverse vaccinology approaches. The applied subsequent hierarchical shortlisting resulted in the identification of Multidrug efflux Resistance-nodulation-division (RND) transporter outer membrane subunit (gene BepC) that may act as a potential vaccine target. T-cell and B-cell epitopes have been predicted from target proteins using a number of immunoinformatic methods. Six MHC I, ten MHC II, and four B-cell epitopes were used to create a 324-amino-acid MEV construct, which was coupled with appropriate linkers and adjuvant. To boost the immunological response to the vaccine, the vaccine was combined with the TLR4 agonist HBHA protein. The MEV structure predicted was found to be highly antigenic, non-toxic, non-allergenic, flexible, stable, and soluble. To confirm the interactions with the receptors, a molecular docking simulation of the MEV was done using the human TLR4 (toll-like receptor 4) and HLAs. The stability and binding of the MEV-docked complexes with TLR4 were assessed using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Finally, MEV was reverse translated, its cDNA structure was evaluated, and then, in silico cloning into an E. coli expression host was conducted to promote maximum vaccine protein production with appropriate post-translational modifications. These comprehensive computer calculations backed up the efficacy of the suggested MEV in protecting against B. suis infections. However, more experimental validations are needed to adequately assess the vaccine candidate's potential. HIGHLIGHTS: • Subtractive genomic analysis and reverse vaccinology for the prioritization of novel vaccine target • Examination of chimeric vaccine in terms of allergenicity, antigenicity, MHC I, II binding efficacy, and structural-based studies • Molecular docking simulation method to rank based vaccine candidate and understand their binding modes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khurshid Jalal
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Khan
- Lab 103 PCMD Ext. Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
| | - Reaz Uddin
- Lab 103 PCMD Ext. Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khan K, Alhar MSO, Abbas MN, Abbas SQ, Kazi M, Khan SA, Sadiq A, Hassan SSU, Bungau S, Jalal K. Integrated Bioinformatics-Based Subtractive Genomics Approach to Decipher the Therapeutic Drug Target and Its Possible Intervention against Brucellosis. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:633. [PMID: 36354544 PMCID: PMC9687753 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9110633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella suis, one of the causative agents of brucellosis, is Gram-negative intracellular bacteria that may be found all over the globe and it is a significant facultative zoonotic pathogen found in livestock. It may adapt to a phagocytic environment, reproduce, and develop resistance to harmful environments inside host cells, which is a crucial part of the Brucella life cycle making it a worldwide menace. The molecular underpinnings of Brucella pathogenicity have been substantially elucidated due to comprehensive methods such as proteomics. Therefore, we aim to explore the complete Brucella suis proteome to prioritize the novel proteins as drug targets via subtractive proteo-genomics analysis, an effort to conjecture the existence of distinct pathways in the development of brucellosis. Consequently, 38 unique metabolic pathways having 503 proteins were observed while among these 503 proteins, the non-homologs (n = 421), essential (n = 350), drug-like (n = 114), virulence (n = 45), resistance (n = 42), and unique to pathogen proteins were retrieved from Brucella suis. The applied subsequent hierarchical shortlisting resulted in a protein, i.e., isocitrate lyase, that may act as potential drug target, which was finalized after the extensive literature survey. The interacting partners for these shortlisted drug targets were identified through the STRING database. Moreover, structure-based studies were also performed on isocitrate lyase to further analyze its function. For that purpose, ~18,000 ZINC compounds were screened to identify new potent drug candidates against isocitrate lyase for brucellosis. It resulted in the shortlisting of six compounds, i.e., ZINC95543764, ZINC02688148, ZINC20115475, ZINC04232055, ZINC04231816, and ZINC04259566 that potentially inhibit isocitrate lyase. However, the ADMET profiling showed that all compounds fulfill ADMET properties except for ZINC20115475 showing positive Ames activity; whereas, ZINC02688148, ZINC04259566, ZINC04232055, and ZINC04231816 showed hepatoxicity while all compounds were observed to have no skin sensitization. In light of these parameters, we recommend ZINC95543764 compound for further experimental studies. According to the present research, which uses subtractive genomics, proteins that might serve as therapeutic targets and potential lead options for eradicating brucellosis have been narrowed down.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Khan
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi City 75270, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Naseer Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Qamar Abbas
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Mohsin Kazi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, P.O. Box-2457, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Ahmad Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kohat University of Science and Technology, Kohat 26000, Pakistan
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Ave., Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Abdul Sadiq
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18000, Pakistan
| | - Syed Shams ul Hassan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Molecular Engineering of Chiral Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Department of Natural Product Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Simona Bungau
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Khurshid Jalal
- HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi City 75270, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kurmanov B, Zincke D, Su W, Hadfield TL, Aikimbayev A, Karibayev T, Berdikulov M, Orynbayev M, Nikolich MP, Blackburn JK. Assays for Identification and Differentiation of Brucella Species: A Review. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081584. [PMID: 36014002 PMCID: PMC9416531 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most important and widespread bacterial zoonoses worldwide. Cases are reported annually across the range of known infectious species of the genus Brucella. Globally, Brucella melitensis, primarily hosted by domestic sheep and goats, affects large proportions of livestock herds, and frequently spills over into humans. While some species, such as Brucella abortus, are well controlled in livestock in areas of North America, the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem supports the species in native wild ungulates with occasional spillover to livestock. Elsewhere in North America, other Brucella species still infect domestic dogs and feral swine, with some associated human cases. Brucella spp. patterns vary across space globally with B. abortus and B. melitensis the most important for livestock control. A myriad of other species within the genus infect a wide range of marine mammals, wildlife, rodents, and even frogs. Infection in humans from these others varies with geography and bacterial species. Control in humans is primarily achieved through livestock vaccination and culling and requires accurate and rapid species confirmation; vaccination is Brucella spp.-specific and typically targets single livestock species for distribution. Traditional bacteriology methods are slow (some media can take up to 21 days for bacterial growth) and often lack the specificity of molecular techniques. Here, we summarize the molecular techniques for confirming and identifying specific Brucella species and provide recommendations for selecting the appropriate methods based on need, sensitivity, and laboratory capabilities/technology. As vaccination/culling approaches are costly and logistically challenging, proper diagnostics and species identification are critical tools for targeting surveillance and control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Berzhan Kurmanov
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Diansy Zincke
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Wanwen Su
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Ted L. Hadfield
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Alim Aikimbayev
- Scientific Practical Center for Sanitary Epidemiological Expertise and Monitoring, Ministry of Health, Almaty 050008, Kazakhstan
| | - Talgat Karibayev
- National Reference Veterinary Center, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Maxat Berdikulov
- National Reference Veterinary Center, Nur-Sultan 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Mukhit Orynbayev
- Research Institute for Biological Special Problems, Otar, Zhambyl 080409, Kazakhstan
| | - Mikeljon P. Nikolich
- Bacterial Diseases Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | - Jason K. Blackburn
- Spatial Epidemiology & Ecology Research Lab, Department of Geography, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Touloudi A, McGiven J, Cawthraw S, Valiakos G, Kostoulas P, Duncombe L, Gortázar C, Boadella M, Sofia M, Athanasakopoulou Z, Chatzopoulos DC, Spyrou V, Petrovska L, Billinis C. Development of a Multiplex Bead Assay to Detect Serological Responses to Brucella Species in Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar with the Potential to Overcome Cross-Reactivity with Yersinia enterocolitica O:9. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071362. [PMID: 35889081 PMCID: PMC9324436 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a multiplex bead assay using a Brucella rLPS antigen, a Brucella suis smooth antigen, and a Yersinia enterocolitica O:9 antigen that not only discriminates Brucella-infected from Brucella-uninfected pigs and wild boar, but also overcomes the cross reactivity with Y. enterocolitica O:9. Sera from 126 domestic pigs were tested: 29 pigs were Brucella infected, 80 were non-infected and 17 were confirmed to be false positive serological reactors (FPSR). Sera from 49 wild boar were tested: 18 were positive and 31 were negative. Using the rLPS antigen, 26/29 Brucella-infected domestic pigs and 15/18 seropositive wild boar were positive, while 75/80 non-Brucella infected domestic pigs, all FPSR, and all seronegative wild boar were negative. Using the smooth B. suis 1330 antigen, all Brucella-infected domestic pigs, 9/17 FPSR and all seropositive wild boar were positive, while all non-infected pigs and 30/31 seronegative wild boar were negative. The ratio of the readouts from the smooth B. suis antigen and Y. enterocolitica O:9 antigen enabled discriminating all Brucella infected individuals from the FPSR domestic pigs. These results demonstrate the potential of this assay for use in the surveillance of brucellosis, overcoming the cross-reactivity with Y. enterocolitica.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Touloudi
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (A.T.); (G.V.); (M.S.); (Z.A.)
| | - John McGiven
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, OIE/FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK; (J.M.); (S.C.); (L.D.)
| | - Shaun Cawthraw
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, OIE/FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK; (J.M.); (S.C.); (L.D.)
| | - George Valiakos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (A.T.); (G.V.); (M.S.); (Z.A.)
| | - Polychronis Kostoulas
- Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (P.K.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Lucy Duncombe
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, OIE/FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK; (J.M.); (S.C.); (L.D.)
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | | | - Marina Sofia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (A.T.); (G.V.); (M.S.); (Z.A.)
| | - Zoi Athanasakopoulou
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (A.T.); (G.V.); (M.S.); (Z.A.)
| | - Dimitris C. Chatzopoulos
- Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (P.K.); (D.C.C.)
| | - Vassiliki Spyrou
- Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 412 22 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Liljana Petrovska
- Department of Bacteriology, Animal and Plant Health Agency, OIE/FAO Brucellosis Reference Laboratory, Woodham Lane, Addlestone, Surrey KT15 3NB, UK; (J.M.); (S.C.); (L.D.)
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Charalambos Billinis
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (A.T.); (G.V.); (M.S.); (Z.A.)
- Faculty of Public and One Health, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (P.K.); (D.C.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.P.); (C.B.)
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Elmonir W, Abdel-Hamid NH, Hamdy MER, Beleta EIM, El-Diasty M, Melzer F, Wareth G, Neubauer H. Isolation and molecular confirmation of Brucella suis biovar 2 from slaughtered pigs: an unanticipated biovar from domestic pigs in Egypt. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:224. [PMID: 35698071 PMCID: PMC9195200 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03332-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Brucella suis is a zoonotic pathogen with a serious impact on public health and the pig industry worldwide. Information regarding B. suis in pigs in Egypt is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of B. suis in slaughtered domestic pigs at El-Basatin abattoir in Cairo, Egypt. A total of 1,116 domestic pigs slaughtered in 2020 were sampled for Brucella isolation and identification. Identified Brucella isolates were molecularly confirmed at species, and biovar levels using Bruce ladder PCR and Suis ladder multiplex PCR. Additionally, high-risk practices of 16 abattoir workers (4 veterinarians, 10 butchering and evisceration workers, and 2 scalding workers) were investigated using a pre-piloted structured questionnaire. Results Brucella isolates were recovered from 1.3% of examined pigs (n = 14) at consistently low rates (1.1—2.9%) across the year of sampling from February to December 2020. All isolates were confirmed as B. suis biovar (bv) 2. Remarkably, 92.9% (13/14) of isolates showed atypical ability to produce H2S and hence were considered as B. suis bv2 atypical phenotype. The prevalence was higher in males (1.8%) than in females (0.9). However, this difference was not significant (Odds ratio = 1.9; CI 95% 0.7 – 5.7; P = 0.2). No detectable pathological lesions were associated with B. suis bv2 infection in examined pigs. All strains were isolated from cervical lymph nodes, highlighting a potential oral transmission. High-risk practices were recorded among swine abattoir workers in this study: 75% do not wear gloves or disinfect their knives daily, and 18.8% were willing to work with open wound injuries. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, this is the first isolation of B. suis bv2 in Egypt. Detection of H2S producing B. suis bv2 atypical phenotype is alarming as it may result in misinterpretation of these isolates as highly human pathogenic B. suis bv1 in Egypt and possibly elsewhere. Further epidemiological tracing studies are crucial for the detection of the origin of this biovar. Including pigs in the national surveillance program of brucellosis, and an education program for swine abattoir workers about occupational risk of B. suis is a need in Egypt. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-022-03332-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Walid Elmonir
- Department of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine (Zoonoses), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Nour H Abdel-Hamid
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo, 12618, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud E R Hamdy
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo, 12618, Egypt
| | - Eman I M Beleta
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo, 12618, Egypt
| | - Mohamed El-Diasty
- Agricultural Research Center, Animal Health Research Institute, P.O. Box 264-Giza, Cairo, 12618, Egypt
| | - Falk Melzer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonosis, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Gamal Wareth
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonosis, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany. .,Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, PO Box 13736, Toukh, Moshtohor, Egypt.
| | - Heinrich Neubauer
- Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonosis, Friedrich-Loeffler Institut, Naumburger Str. 96a, 07743, Jena, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Orr B, Westman ME, Norris JM, Repousis S, Ma G, Malik R. Detection of Brucella spp. during a serosurvey of pig-hunting and regional pet dogs in eastern Australia. Aust Vet J 2022; 100:360-366. [PMID: 35607254 PMCID: PMC9543532 DOI: 10.1111/avj.13172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease with worldwide distribution. Brucella suis serotype 1 is thought to be maintained in the Australian feral pig population, with disease prevalence higher in Queensland (Qld) than New South Wales (NSW). Pig hunting is a popular recreational activity in rural Qld and NSW, with feral pigs in these states thought to carry B. suis. Brucellosis associated with B. suis has been diagnosed in dogs engaged in pig hunting in some of these areas. A total of 431 dogs from northern Qld and north‐west NSW were recruited. Two distinct cohorts of clinically healthy dogs were tested – (1) 96 dogs from central, north and far north Queensland actively engaged in pig‐hunting and (2) 335 dogs from rural and remote north‐west NSW that were primarily companion (non‐pig hunting) animals. Serum samples were tested for antibodies to Brucella spp. using the Rose Bengal test (RBT) test followed by complement fixation testing (CFT) for RBT‐positive samples. A subset of samples was retested using RBT and CFT. Seven dogs were considered seropositive for B. suis from Qld and remote NSW, including 4/96 (4.2%; 95% CI 3.5% to 4.3%) from the pig‐hunting cohort and 3/335 (0.9%) from the regional pet dog cohort. The use of RBT and CFT in dogs to detect anti‐Brucella antibodies requires validation. Veterinarians treating pig‐hunting dogs and physicians treating pig hunters in central, north and far north Qld need to be aware of the zoonotic risk posed by B. suis to these groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Orr
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - M E Westman
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Elizabeth Macarthur Agricultural Institute (EMAI), Woodbridge Road, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - J M Norris
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,The Sydney Institute for Infectious Diseases, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Repousis
- SydPath, St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Street, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G Ma
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R Malik
- School of Veterinary and Animal Science, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia.,Centre for Veterinary Education, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Landis M, Rogovskyy AS. Closing the Brief Case: Brucella suis Infection in a Household of Dogs. J Clin Microbiol 2022; 60:e0098521. [PMID: 35583368 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00985-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
11
|
Landis M, Rogovskyy AS. The Brief Case: Brucella suis Infection in a Household of Dogs. J Clin Microbiol 2022; 60:e0098421. [PMID: 35583369 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00984-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
12
|
Porter I, Neal T, Walker Z, Hayes D, Fowler K, Billups N, Rhoades A, Smith C, Smith K, Staker BL, Dranow DM, Mayclin SJ, Subramanian S, Edwards TE, Myler PJ, Asojo OA. Crystal structures of FolM alternative dihydrofolate reductase 1 from Brucella suis and Brucella canis. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2022; 78:31-38. [PMID: 34981773 PMCID: PMC8725004 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x21013078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the bacterial genus Brucella cause brucellosis, a zoonotic disease that affects both livestock and wildlife. Brucella are category B infectious agents that can be aerosolized for biological warfare. As part of the structural genomics studies at the Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), FolM alternative dihydrofolate reductases 1 from Brucella suis and Brucella canis were produced and their structures are reported. The enzymes share ∼95% sequence identity but have less than 33% sequence identity to other homologues with known structure. The structures are prototypical NADPH-dependent short-chain reductases that share their highest tertiary-structural similarity with protozoan pteridine reductases, which are being investigated for rational therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imani Porter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hampton University, 100 William R. Harvey Way, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
| | - Trinity Neal
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hampton University, 100 William R. Harvey Way, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
| | - Zion Walker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hampton University, 100 William R. Harvey Way, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
| | - Dylan Hayes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hampton University, 100 William R. Harvey Way, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
| | - Kayla Fowler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hampton University, 100 William R. Harvey Way, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
| | - Nyah Billups
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hampton University, 100 William R. Harvey Way, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
| | - Anais Rhoades
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hampton University, 100 William R. Harvey Way, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
| | - Christian Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hampton University, 100 William R. Harvey Way, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
| | - Kaelyn Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hampton University, 100 William R. Harvey Way, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
| | - Bart L Staker
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - David M Dranow
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Stephen J Mayclin
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sandhya Subramanian
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Thomas E Edwards
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter J Myler
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Oluwatoyin A Asojo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Hampton University, 100 William R. Harvey Way, Hampton, VA 23668, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gopalsamy SN, Ramakrishnan A, Shariff MM, Gabel J, Brennan S, Drenzek C, Farley MM, Gaynes RP, Cartwright EJ. Brucellosis Initially Misidentified as Ochrobactrum anthropi Bacteremia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 8:ofab473. [PMID: 34660837 PMCID: PMC8514177 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Automated identification systems may misidentify Brucella, the causative agent of brucellosis, which may be re-emerging in the United States as the result of an expanding feral swine population. We present a case of Brucella suis likely associated with feral swine exposure that was misidentified as Ochrobactrum anthropi, a phylogenetic relative.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aditi Ramakrishnan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mustaf M Shariff
- Department of Medicine, Northside Hospital Gwinnett, Lawrenceville, Georgia, USA
| | - Julie Gabel
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Skyler Brennan
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Cherie Drenzek
- Georgia Department of Public Health, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Monica M Farley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Robert P Gaynes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| | - Emily J Cartwright
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.,Atlanta VA Medical Center, Decatur, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kneipp CC, Sawford K, Wingett K, Malik R, Stevenson MA, Mor SM, Wiethoelter AK. Brucella suis Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors in Dogs in Eastern Australia, 2016 to 2019. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:727641. [PMID: 34621810 PMCID: PMC8490753 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.727641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella suis is a zoonotic disease of feral pigs that also affects pig hunting dogs, pig hunters, veterinarians and veterinary staff. In recent years the incidence of B. suis in the eastern Australian states of New South Wales (NSW) and Queensland (QLD) has increased. A cross-sectional study was conducted to document the seroprevalence, geographical extent and risk factors for B. suis in dogs at-risk of contracting the disease. Eligible dogs were those that were known to hunt or consume feral pig meat. Dogs were enrolled through private veterinary clinics and/or directly by District Veterinarians in six regions of NSW and QLD. Blood was collected by venepuncture and tested for B. suis antibodies using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) followed by a Complement Fixation Test (CFT) if they returned a positive RBT. Owners were invited to complete a questionnaire on the dogs' signalment, husbandry including hunting practices and locations, and any clinical signs referable to brucellosis. Of the 317 dogs included in the prevalence survey, 21 were seropositive returning a survey-adjusted true seroprevalence of 9.3 (95% CI 0.45 to 18) B. suis positive dogs per 100 dogs at-risk. True seroprevalence ranged from 0 to 24 B. suis positive dogs per 100 across eastern Australia, with the highest prevalence in central west NSW and southern QLD. Adjusted for other factors, dogs that shared a household with other seropositive dogs and those that traveled away from their home regions to hunt were more likely to be seropositive. Clinical signs at presentation were not predictive of serostatus, with seropositive and seronegative dogs equally likely to present with signs consistent with brucellosis. The results obtained from this study show that B. suis exposure is relatively common in dogs that have contact with feral pigs, with one in 10 testing seropositive. Further studies are needed to understand the progression and risk of transmission from seropositive dogs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine C Kneipp
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kate Sawford
- Kate Sawford Epidemiological Consulting Pty Ltd, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Local Land Services, Braidwood, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate Wingett
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Mark A Stevenson
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Siobhan M Mor
- Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anke K Wiethoelter
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ren J, Peng Q. A Brief Review of Diagnosis of Small Ruminants Brucellosis. Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:4569-4576. [PMID: 33390105 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666201231121226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis caused by bacteria of the genus of Brucella remains a major zoonosis in the wide world, which is an infectious disease with a severe economic impact on animal husbandry and public health. The genus of Brucella includes ten species and the most prevalent is Brucella melitensis. The diagnosis of Brucella melitensis ruminant brucellosis is based on bacteriological and immunological tests. The use of vaccines and the false-positive serological reactions (FPSR) caused by other cross-reacting bacteria represent the immunological contexts. This complex context results in the development of the large number of diagnosis of Brucella melitensis brucellosis. The aim of this article is to briefly review the detection methods and compare the superiorities of different tests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Ren
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qisheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Touloudi A, Valiakos G, Cawthraw S, Kostoulas P, Gortázar C, Boadella M, Giannakopoulos A, Birtsas P, Sofia M, Athanasiou LV, Satra M, Athanasakopoulou Z, Kantere M, Spyrou V, Petrovska L, Billinis C. Development of a Multiplex Bead Assay for Simultaneous Serodiagnosis of Antibodies against Mycobacterium bovis, Brucella suis, and Trichinella spiralis in Wild Boar. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9050904. [PMID: 33922494 PMCID: PMC8144985 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9050904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic performance of a multiplex bead assay for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against Mycobacterium bovis, Brucella suis, and Trichinella spiralis. Sera from Eurasian wild boar of known serological status for TB (64 seropositive, 106 seronegative), Brucella (30 seropositive, 39 seronegative), and Trichinella (21 seropositive, 97 seronegative) were used for the development and evaluation of the assay. Magnetic beads coated with recombinant MPB83 antigen (TB), a whole-cell B. suis 1330 antigen, and an E/S T. spiralis antigen were used for the detection of specific antibodies using Bio-Rad Bio-Plex technology. The sensitivities (Se) and specificities (Sp) of the multiplex assay were, for M. bovis, 0.98 and 0.86; for B. suis, 1.00 and 0.97; and for T. spiralis, 0.90 and 0.99 (Se and Sp, respectively). The results show the diagnostic potential of this assay for the simultaneous detection of antibodies against M. bovis, B. suis, and T. spiralis in wild boar.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Touloudi
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (A.T.); (G.V.); (P.K.); (A.G.); (M.S.); (L.V.A.); (Z.A.); (M.K.)
| | - George Valiakos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (A.T.); (G.V.); (P.K.); (A.G.); (M.S.); (L.V.A.); (Z.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Shaun Cawthraw
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK; (S.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Polychronis Kostoulas
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (A.T.); (G.V.); (P.K.); (A.G.); (M.S.); (L.V.A.); (Z.A.); (M.K.)
- Faculty of Public and Integrated Health, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece;
| | - Christian Gortázar
- SaBio, Instituto de Investigación en Recursos Cinegéticos IREC, 13005 Ciudad Real, Spain;
| | | | - Alexios Giannakopoulos
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (A.T.); (G.V.); (P.K.); (A.G.); (M.S.); (L.V.A.); (Z.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Periklis Birtsas
- Faculty of Forestry, Wood Science and Design, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece;
| | - Marina Sofia
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (A.T.); (G.V.); (P.K.); (A.G.); (M.S.); (L.V.A.); (Z.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Labrini V. Athanasiou
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (A.T.); (G.V.); (P.K.); (A.G.); (M.S.); (L.V.A.); (Z.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Maria Satra
- Faculty of Public and Integrated Health, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece;
| | - Zoi Athanasakopoulou
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (A.T.); (G.V.); (P.K.); (A.G.); (M.S.); (L.V.A.); (Z.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Maria Kantere
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (A.T.); (G.V.); (P.K.); (A.G.); (M.S.); (L.V.A.); (Z.A.); (M.K.)
| | - Vassiliki Spyrou
- Faculty of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, 412 22 Larissa, Greece;
| | - Liljana Petrovska
- Animal and Plant Health Agency, Addlestone KT15 3NB, UK; (S.C.); (L.P.)
| | - Charalambos Billinis
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece; (A.T.); (G.V.); (P.K.); (A.G.); (M.S.); (L.V.A.); (Z.A.); (M.K.)
- Faculty of Public and Integrated Health, University of Thessaly, 431 00 Karditsa, Greece;
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Račka K, Bártová E, Juránková J, Hamidović A, Kucharovičová I, Šimek B, Kočišová A. Fatal toxoplasmosis in wild European brown hares (Lepus europaeus) in tularaemia endemic areas of the Czech Republic: Poses risk of infection for humans? Transbound Emerg Dis 2020; 68:1774-1778. [PMID: 33190317 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii may cause fatal infection in European brown hares (Lepus europaeus). However, the role of this parasite in terms of mortality rate in tularaemia endemic areas, amount of parasites in affected organs and circulating genotypes, is still unknown. In total, 36 hares (killed or found dead) were submitted for pathomorphological examination as a part of the national tularaemia and brucellosis monitoring. Tissue samples (lung, heart, liver, spleen and kidney) were tested by quantitative real-time PCR targeting 529 bp region of T. gondii. Genotyping was performed by a 15 microsatellite markers method in a single multiplex PCR assay. The same tissues of hares were simultaneously used for the bacteriological cultivation. Toxoplasma gondii was detected by qPCR in the tissues of two hares. Spleen and lungs of one infected hare have been found harbouring up to ~7 millions of T. gondii parasites per gram of tissue. Both positive samples were characterized as T. gondii type II, one archetypal clonal type II and the other one a type II variant (W35 = 244). Bacteria Francisella tularensis was proved in pooled samples of three hares but without coinfection with T. gondii; all hares were negative for Brucella suis. Toxoplasma gondii has significant impact on mortality of European brown hares in tularaemia endemic areas and parasite load within the animal tissues may present high risk of human infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karol Račka
- Department of Epizootology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Eva Bártová
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Juránková
- Department of Pathological Morphology and Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Azra Hamidović
- INSERM U1094, Univ. Limoges, CHU Limoges, IRD, U1094, Tropical Neuroepidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology and Tropical Neurology, GEIST, Limoges, France
| | - Ivana Kucharovičová
- Department of Bacteriology, State Veterinary Institute Jihlava, Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Bronislav Šimek
- Department of Virology and Serology, State Veterinary Institute Jihlava, Jihlava, Czech Republic
| | - Alica Kočišová
- Department of Epizootology, Parasitology and Protection of One Health, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Pierce CF, Brown VR, Olsen SC, Boggiatto P, Pedersen K, Miller RS, Speidel SE, Smyser TJ. Loci Associated With Antibody Response in Feral Swine ( Sus scrofa) Infected With Brucella suis. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:554674. [PMID: 33324693 PMCID: PMC7724110 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.554674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feral swine (Sus scrofa) are a destructive invasive species widespread throughout the United States that disrupt ecosystems, damage crops, and carry pathogens of concern for the health of domestic stock and humans including Brucella suis-the causative organism for swine brucellosis. In domestic swine, brucellosis results in reproductive failure due to abortions and infertility. Contact with infected feral swine poses spillover risks to domestic pigs as well as humans, companion animals, wildlife, and other livestock. Genetic factors influence the outcome of infectious diseases; therefore, genome wide association studies (GWAS) of differential immune responses among feral swine can provide an understanding of disease dynamics and inform management to prevent the spillover of brucellosis from feral swine to domestic pigs. We sought to identify loci associated with differential antibody responses among feral swine naturally infected with B. suis using a case-control GWAS. Tissue, serum, and genotype data (68,516 bi-allelic single nucleotide polymorphisms) collected from 47 feral swine were analyzed in this study. The 47 feral swine were culture positive for Brucella spp. Of these 47, 16 were antibody positive (cases) whereas 31 were antibody negative (controls). Single-locus GWAS were performed using efficient mixed-model association eXpedited (EMMAX) methodology with three genetic models: additive, dominant, and recessive. Eight loci associated with seroconversion were identified on chromosome 4, 8, 9, 10, 12, and 18. Subsequent bioinformatic analyses revealed nine putative candidate genes related to immune function, most notably phagocytosis and induction of an inflammatory response. Identified loci and putative candidate genes may play an important role in host immune responses to B. suis infection, characterized by a detectable bacterial presence yet a differential antibody response. Given that antibody tests are used to evaluate brucellosis infection in domestic pigs and for disease surveillance in invasive feral swine, additional studies are needed to fully understand the genetic component of the response to B. suis infection and to more effectively translate estimates of Brucella spp. antibody prevalence among feral swine to disease control management action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Courtney F Pierce
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, United States.,Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Vienna R Brown
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Feral Swine Damage Management Program, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Steven C Olsen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Infectious Bacterial Diseases, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Paola Boggiatto
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Infectious Bacterial Diseases, National Animal Disease Center, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Kerri Pedersen
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ryan S Miller
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Scott E Speidel
- Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| | - Timothy J Smyser
- United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Research Center, Fort Collins, CO, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Li Z, Wang XM, Zhu X, Wang M, Cheng H, Li D, Liu ZG. Molecular Characteristics of Brucella Isolates Collected From Humans in Hainan Province, China. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:452. [PMID: 32292391 PMCID: PMC7120952 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis has been reported in several regions of Hainan Province, but the extent of the disease has not been fully elucidated. Conventional biotyping methods, multiple locus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA), and single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from draft genome sequencing were employed to characterize the strains. There were four biovars (Brucella melitensis bv. 1, 2, and 3 and Brucella suis bv. 3) detected, which showed that the biovar diversity of Brucella in Hainan is higher than in other areas of China. Both B. melitensis bv. 3 and B. suis bv. 3 were dominant species and showed epidemiology patterns that were compatible with both southern and northern China. Eight of MLVA-11 genotypes were known (31, 111, 116, 120, 136, 291, 297, and 345), and the remaining seven were novel (HN11-1 to HN11-7); these data showed that Brucella strains in this study had multiple geographic origins and exhibited characteristics of origin and evolution of co-existing imported and Hainan specific lineage. A total of 41 strains were found, belonging to 37 unique genotypes that each represented a single strain, which suggests that these strains were not directly related epidemiologically and indicates that the epidemic characteristics of human brucellosis in Hainan was dominated by sporadic strains. The high HGDI values were observed in MLVA-8, MLVA-11, and MLVA-16 among two species, suggesting considerable genetic diversity among these species. MST is characterized based on MLVA-16 that was found both throughout China and on a global level and showed that strains of this study had significant genetic differences with strains from many parts of the globe and seemingly represent a unique genetic lineage. Whole-genome SNP analysis showed that four B. melitensis were closely related to strains from China's northern provinces, and the source of infection was partly of human brucellosis in this province that may have been from these regions. The B. suis were closely related to strains from the United States, and further investigation of the transportation of animals, such as pigs, is needed to elucidate the origins of these strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xu-Ming Wang
- Hainan Provincial People's Hospital, Haikou, China
| | - Xiong Zhu
- Sanya People's Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Ulanqab Centre for Endemic Disease Prevention and Control, Jining, China
| | - Hai Cheng
- Sanya People's Hospital, Sanya, China
| | - Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Guo Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Center for Comprehensive Disease Control and Prevention, Huhhot, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kneipp C, Malik R, Mor SM, Wiethoelter AK. Commentary: Retrospective and prospective perspectives on zoonotic brucellosis. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1859. [PMID: 31474957 PMCID: PMC6703132 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Kneipp
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard Malik
- Centre for Veterinary Education, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Siobhan M Mor
- Institute of Infection and Global Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Anke K Wiethoelter
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Muñoz González F, Sycz G, Alonso Paiva IM, Linke D, Zorreguieta A, Baldi PC, Ferrero MC. The BtaF Adhesin Is Necessary for Full Virulence During Respiratory Infection by Brucella suis and Is a Novel Immunogen for Nasal Vaccination Against Brucella Infection. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1775. [PMID: 31402921 PMCID: PMC6676368 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella enters their hosts mostly through mucosae from where it spreads systemically. Adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) components or to host cells is important for the infectious process, and is mediated by several adhesins, including the BtaF trimeric autotransporter. Although Th1 responses and gamma interferon (IFN-γ) are important for protection, antibodies able to block adhesions might also contribute to prevent Brucella infection. We evaluated the importance of BtaF for respiratory Brucella infection, and characterized the immune response and protection from mucosal challenge induced by nasal vaccination with recombinant BtaF. While lung CFU numbers did not differ at day 1 p.i. between mice intratracheally inoculated with B. suis M1330 (wild type) and those receiving a ΔbtaF mutant, they were reduced in the latter group at 7 and 30 days p.i. For vaccination studies the BtaF passenger domain was engineered and expressed as a soluble trimeric protein. Mice were immunized by the nasal route with BtaF or saline (control group) plus the mucosal adjuvant c-di-AMP. Specific anti-BtaF antibodies (IgG and IgA) were increased in serum, including a mixed IgG2a/IgG1 response. In vitro, these antibodies reduced bacterial adhesion to A549 alveolar epithelial cells. Specific IgA antibodies were also increased in several mucosae. Spleen cells from BtaF immunized mice significantly increased their IL-2, IL-5, IL-17, and IFN-γ secretion upon antigen stimulation. In cervical draining lymph nodes, antigen-experienced CD4+ T cells were maintained mainly as central memory cells. A BtaF-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity response was detected in BtaF immunized mice. Lung cells from the latter produced high levels of IFN-γ upon antigen stimulation. Although nasal immunization with BtaF did not protect mice against B. suis respiratory challenge, it conferred significant protection from intragastric challenge; the splenic load of B. suis was reduced by 3.28 log CFU in immunized mice. This study shows that nasal vaccination with BtaF+c-di-AMP protects against intragastric challenge with B. suis by inducing local and systemic antibody responses, central memory CD4+ T cells and strong Th1 responses. Therefore, although BtaF vaccination did not protect from B. suis respiratory infection, this adhesin constitutes a promising immunogen against mucosal B. suis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Florencia Muñoz González
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Sycz
- Fundación Instituto Leloir, IIBBA-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Iván M Alonso Paiva
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dirk Linke
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Pablo C Baldi
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana C Ferrero
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU), CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Guzmán-Verri C, Suárez-Esquivel M, Ruíz-Villalobos N, Zygmunt MS, Gonnet M, Campos E, Víquez-Ruiz E, Chacón-Díaz C, Aragón-Aranda B, Conde-Álvarez R, Moriyón I, Blasco JM, Muñoz PM, Baker KS, Thomson NR, Cloeckaert A, Moreno E. Genetic and Phenotypic Characterization of the Etiological Agent of Canine Orchiepididymitis Smooth Brucella sp. BCCN84.3. Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:175. [PMID: 31231665 PMCID: PMC6568212 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the genus Brucella cluster in two phylogenetic groups: classical and non-classical species. The former group is composed of Brucella species that cause disease in mammals, including humans. A Brucella species, labeled as Brucella sp. BCCN84.3, was isolated from the testes of a Saint Bernard dog suffering orchiepididymitis, in Costa Rica. Following standard microbiological methods, the bacterium was first defined as “Brucella melitensis biovar 2.” Further molecular typing, identified the strain as an atypical “Brucella suis.” Distinctive Brucella sp. BCCN84.3 markers, absent in other Brucella species and strains, were revealed by fatty acid methyl ester analysis, high resolution melting PCR and omp25 and omp2a/omp2b gene diversity. Analysis of multiple loci variable number of tandem repeats and whole genome sequencing demonstrated that this isolate was different from the currently described Brucella species. The smooth Brucella sp. BCCN84.3 clusters together with the classical Brucella clade and displays all the genes required for virulence. Brucella sp. BCCN84.3 is a species nova taxonomical entity displaying pathogenicity; therefore, relevant for differential diagnoses in the context of brucellosis. Considering the debate on the Brucella species concept, there is a need to describe the extant taxonomical entities of these pathogens in order to understand the dispersion and evolution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Guzmán-Verri
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.,Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Marcela Suárez-Esquivel
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Nazareth Ruíz-Villalobos
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Michel S Zygmunt
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Mathieu Gonnet
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Elena Campos
- Centro Nacional de Referencia en Bacteriología, Instituto Costarricense de Investigación y Enseñanza en Nutrición y Salud (INCIENSA), Cartago, Costa Rica
| | - Eunice Víquez-Ruiz
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - Carlos Chacón-Díaz
- Facultad de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Beatriz Aragón-Aranda
- IDISNA and Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Raquel Conde-Álvarez
- IDISNA and Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ignacio Moriyón
- IDISNA and Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Instituto de Salud Tropical, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José María Blasco
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar M Muñoz
- Unidad de Producción y Sanidad Animal, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón-IA2, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Kate S Baker
- Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom.,Institute for Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas R Thomson
- Pathogen Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Axel Cloeckaert
- ISP, INRA, Université François Rabelais de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Edgardo Moreno
- Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales (PIET), Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
McCutcheon K, Bandara AB, Zuo Z, Heflin JR, Inzana TJ. The Application of a Nanomaterial Optical Fiber Biosensor Assay for Identification of Brucella Nomenspecies. Biosensors (Basel) 2019; 9:E64. [PMID: 31117228 PMCID: PMC6627525 DOI: 10.3390/bios9020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria in the genus Brucella are the cause of brucellosis in humans and many domestic and wild animals. A rapid and culture-free detection assay to detect Brucella in clinical samples would be highly valuable. Nanomaterial optical fiber biosensors (NOFS) are capable of recognizing DNA hybridization events or other analyte interactions with high specificity and sensitivity. Therefore, a NOFS assay was developed to detect Brucella DNA from cultures and in tissue samples from infected mice. An ionic self-assembled multilayer (ISAM) film was coupled to a long-period grating optical fiber, and a nucleotide probe complementary to the Brucella IS711 region and modified with biotin was bound to the ISAM by covalent conjugation. When the ISAM/probe duplex was exposed to lysate containing ≥100 killed cells of Brucella, or liver or spleen tissue extracts from Brucella-infected mice, substantial attenuation of light transmission occurred, whereas exposure of the complexed fiber to non-Brucella gram-negative bacteria or control tissue samples resulted in negligible attenuation of light transmission. Oligonucleotide probes specific for B. abortus, B. melitensis, and B. suis could also be used to detect and differentiate these three nomenspecies. In summary, the NOFS biosensor assay detected three nomenspecies of Brucella without the use of polymerase chain reaction within 30 min and could specifically detect low numbers of this bacterium in clinical samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly McCutcheon
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Aloka B Bandara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Ziwei Zuo
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - James R Heflin
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| | - Thomas J Inzana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
- Long Island University, Brookville, NY 11548, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Muñoz PM, Mick V, Sacchini L, Janowicz A, de Miguel MJ, Cherfa MA, Nevado CR, Girault G, Andrés-Barranco S, Jay M, Di Giannatale E, Zilli K, Ancora M, Dondo A, Zoppi S, Arnal MC, Tittarelli M, De Massis F, Garin-Bastuji B, Blasco JM, Garofolo G. Phylogeography and epidemiology of Brucella suis biovar 2 in wildlife and domestic swine. Vet Microbiol 2019; 233:68-77. [PMID: 31176415 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Swine brucellosis due to Brucella suis biovar 2 (bv2) is enzootic in wild boar and hare in continental Europe and may cause major economic losses to the pig industry, mainly in free-ranged pig farms. The high nucleotide identity found among the B. suis biovar 2 isolates has long hindered the full understanding of the epidemiology and the phylogeography of the disease. Here, we used multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA) and whole-genome analysis to identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in order to gain insights from the largest B. suis bv2 dataset analyzed so far composed of domestic pigs and wildlife isolates collected throughout Europe since the 1970s. We found four major clades with a specific phylogeographic pattern. The Iberian clade contains isolates exclusively from the Iberian Peninsula. The Central European clade includes most isolates from France, Northern Italy, Switzerland and an important proportion of those of Northern Spain. The Eastern European clade clustered isolates from Croatia and Hungary mainly but also from areas of France, Germany, Italy and Poland. Finally, a separated Sardinian clade grouped three isolates from this island. At fine scale, MLVA demonstrated an endemic status of the infection in Europe and it allowed tracking a large outbreak formed by different farms from Spain linked to the same infection source. The whole genome SNP analysis showed that the strains form genetically distinct clades, shared between wild boar and pigs, in agreement with the MLVA clades. Interestingly, all hare isolates clustered together within two groups composed exclusively of wildlife isolates. Our results support the hypothesis that maintenance and spread of B. suis bv2 in Europe is a dynamic process linked to the natural expansion of wild boar as the main wild reservoir of the infection, while spread over long distances is found largely dependent on anthropogenic activities.
Collapse
|
25
|
Smith GP, Jain-Gupta N, Alqublan H, Dorneles EMS, Boyle SM, Sriranganathan N. Development of an auxotrophic, live-attenuated Brucella suis vaccine strain capable of expressing multimeric GnRH. Vaccine 2019; 37:910-914. [PMID: 30655173 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.12.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Feral swine cost around $1.5 billion each year in agricultural, environmental, and personal property damages. They are also the most widespread carriers of the zoonotic disease brucellosis, which threatens both livestock bio-security and public health. Currently, there is no approved vaccine against brucellosis in pigs. This is a preliminary report on the development of a live-attenuated B. suis vaccine that could be employed to deliver heterologous antigens to control swine populations. An attenuated vaccine strain provided significant protection against B. suis challenge in mice. Leucine auxotrophy in the vaccine strain allowed the over-expression of heterologous antigens without the use of antibiotic resistant markers. Vaccinated mice showed the development of antibodies against expressed antigen. Further evaluation is required to assess its ability to cause infertility using the mouse model prior to further testing for use as a tool for feral swine population and disease control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G P Smith
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - N Jain-Gupta
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - H Alqublan
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - E M S Dorneles
- Departamento de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG, Brazil
| | - S M Boyle
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - N Sriranganathan
- Center for One Health Research, Virginia Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Monti SM, Meccariello A, Ceruso M, Szafrański K, Sławiński J, Supuran CT. Inhibition studies of Brucella suis β-carbonic anhydrases with a series of 4-substituted pyridine-3-sulphonamides. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:255-259. [PMID: 29271264 PMCID: PMC7011973 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1413097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The two β-carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) from the pathogenic bacterium Brucella suis, BsuCA1 and BsuCA2, were investigated for their inhibition profile with a series of pyridine-3-sulphonamide derivatives incorporating 4-hetaryl moieties. BsuCA1 was effectively inhibited by these sulphonamides with inhibition constants ranging between 34 and 624 nM. BsuCA2 was less sensitive to these inhibitors, with KIs in the range of 62 nM - > 10 µM. The nature of the 4-substituent present on the pyridine ring was the main factor influencing the inhibitory profile against both isoforms, with 4-halogenophenylpiperazin-1-yl and 3,4,5-trisubstituted-pyrazol-1-yl derivatives showing the most effective inhibition. Some of these sulphonamides were most effective bacterial CA than human (h) CA I and II inhibitors, making them selective for the prokaryotic enzymes. Investigation of bacterial CA inhibitors may be relevant for finding antibiotics with a new mechanism of action compared to the clinically used agents for which substantial drug resistance emerged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mariangela Ceruso
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | | | - Jarosław Sławiński
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Lama JK, Bachoon DS. Detection of Brucella suis, Campylobacter jejuni, and Escherichia coli Strains in Feral Pig (Sus scrofa) Communities of Georgia. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2018; 18:350-355. [PMID: 29698123 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2017.2187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Feral pigs (Sus scrofa) are an environmentally destructive invasive species that act as a reservoir for zoonotic pathogens. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of Brucella suis, Campylobacter jejuni, and of Escherichia coli in feces of feral pigs from Georgia. Fecal samples were collected from 87 feral pigs from forested and agricultural regions of Georgia. DNA was extracted from the fecal samples and quantitative PCR (qPCR) was used to screen for each of the four pathogens. The qPCR assays indicated that B. suis and eaeA-containing strains of E. coli was present in about 22% and 28% of the samples, respectively. C. jejuni was undetected in any of the feral pig fecal samples. The incidence of B. suis was higher in the pigs from forested region, whereas E. coli strains possessing eaeA gene incidence was higher in the pigs from agricultural regions. In Georgia, feral pigs harbor infectious agents and are a growing threat to the transmission of pathogens to native wildlife, humans, and food crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti K Lama
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University , Milledgeville, Georgia
| | - Dave S Bachoon
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University , Milledgeville, Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Grantina-Ievina L, Avsejenko J, Cvetkova S, Krastina D, Streikisa M, Steingolde Z, Vevere I, Rodze I. Seroprevalence of Brucella suis in eastern Latvian wild boars (Sus scrofa). Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:19. [PMID: 29573743 PMCID: PMC5866520 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0373-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucellosis due to Brucella suis biovar 2 is one of the most important endemic diseases in wild boar (Sus scrofa) populations in Europe. The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in wild boars in the eastern part of Latvia. Wild boars killed by hunters in the period from January to April 2015 (n = 877) and from March to April in 2016 (n = 167) were examined for antibodies against B. suis by the Rose Bengal test (RBT), a complement fixation test (CFT), and by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In 2015, 199 samples (22.7%) were positive by RBT and/or CFT while 36 samples (21.6%) were seropositive in 2016. Of the Brucella seropositive samples from 2015 and 2016 (n = 235), 162 (68.9%) were also seropositive to Yersinia enterocolitica. Considering cross-reactivity of serological tests, the seroprevalence of B. suis biovar 2 exposure in wild boars in the eastern part of Latvia was calculated to 14.0% in 2015 and 9.6% in 2016. From selected seropositive samples (42 in 2015 and 36 in 2016) total DNA was extracted and analyzed with an IS711-based nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Species and biovar identification was conducted for bacteria isolated in monoculture from PCR positive samples by species specific primers and Bruce-ladder multiplex PCR. Brucella suis biovar 2 was isolated from 12/20 samples in 2015 and 9/9 samples in 2016. The average seroprevalence was relatively low compared to that found in certain other European countries. Males and females had an equal level of seropositivity, but a positive age-trend was observed for both males and females.
Collapse
|
29
|
Luo X, Zhang X, Wu X, Yang X, Han C, Wang Z, Du Q, Zhao X, Liu SL, Tong D, Huang Y. Brucella Downregulates Tumor Necrosis Factor-α to Promote Intracellular Survival via Omp25 Regulation of Different MicroRNAs in Porcine and Murine Macrophages. Front Immunol 2018; 8:2013. [PMID: 29387067 PMCID: PMC5776175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.02013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brucella spp. impedes the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines by its outer membrane protein Omp25 in order to promote survival and immune evasion. However, how Omp25 regulates tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) expression in different mammalian macrophages remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the potential mechanisms by which Omp25 regulates TNF-α expression and found that Omp25-deficient mutant of B. suis exhibited an enhanced TNF-α expression compared with wild-type (WT) B. suis, whereas ectopic expression of Omp25 suppressed LPS-induced TNF-α production at both protein and mRNA levels in porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) and murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. We observed that Omp25 protein as well as WT B. suis upregulated miR-146a, -181a, -181b, and -301a-3p and downregulated TRAF6 and IRAK1 in both PAMs and RAW264.7 cells, but separately upregulates miR-130a-3p in PAMs and miR-351-5p in RAW264.7. The upregulation of miR-146a or miR-351-5p attenuated TNF-α transcription by targeting TRAF6 and IRAK1 at the 3' untranslated region (UTR), resulting in inhibition of NF-kB pathway, while upregulation of miR-130a-3p, -181a, or -301a-3p correlated temporally with decreased TNF-α by targeting its 3'UTR in PAMs or RAW264.7 cells. In contrast, inhibition of miR-130a-3p, -146a, -181a, and -301a-3p attenuated the inhibitory effects of Omp25 on LPS-induced TNF-α in PAMs, while inhibition of miR-146a, -181a, -301a-3p, and -351-5p attenuated the inhibitory effects of Omp25 in RAW264.7, resulting in an increased TNF-α production and decreased intracellular bacteria in both cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that Brucella downregulates TNF-α to promote intracellular survival via Omp25 regulation of different microRNAs in porcine and murine macrophages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomao Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiujuan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xingchen Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Cong Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhengyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Qian Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Viruses and Emerging Pathogens Program, Infectious Diseases Institute, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Veterinary Biosciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Dewen Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yong Huang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Franco-Paredes C, Chastain D, Taylor P, Stocking S, Sellers B. Boar hunting and brucellosis caused by Brucella suis. Travel Med Infect Dis 2017; 16:18-22. [PMID: 28300645 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2017.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis remains as a significant public health concern in many areas where the infection persists in domestic hosts (i.e. goats, cattle, and domestic swine) with subsequent risk of transmission to human populations. Brucellosis caused by B. suis remains an important threat to human populations in many countries exposed to domestic and feral swine. In the U.S., swine brucellosis has been under control for many years. Meanwhile, it is a widespread infection among feral swine, particularly in the Southeastern United States; and exposure to infected animals pose a growing threat to humans. We present the case of a 31-year male hunter who six weeks after a knife injury to his hand while field dressing a wild boar, developed a febrile illness associated with hematologic abnormalities and splenic abscesses caused by Brucella suis infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Franco-Paredes
- Hospital Infantil de Mexico, Federico Gomez, Mexico City, Mexico; Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital, Albany, GA, USA.
| | | | - Peter Taylor
- Phoebe Putney Memorial Hospital, Albany, GA, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wallach JC, García JL, Cardinali PS, Seijo AP, Benchetrit AG, Echazarreta SE, Garro SL, Deodato B, Baldi PC. High Incidence of Respiratory Involvement in a Cluster of Brucella suis-Infected Workers from a Pork Processing Plant in Argentina. Zoonoses Public Health 2016; 64:550-553. [PMID: 28032696 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological and clinical aspects of Brucella suis infection in 17 workers from a pork processing plant in Argentina occurring between January 2014 and July 2015 are presented. All patients reported working 9 h daily without adequate personal protection garment. Blood cultures were positive for Brucella spp. in 14 of the 17 patients (82.3%). All isolates were identified as B. suis biovar 1. Although fever, sweats, asthenia, myalgia and hepatic involvement were the most frequent clinical manifestations, an unusually high incidence of respiratory involvement was found. From 13 patients in which chest radiography was performed, four (30%) had radiological abnormalities, including lobar pneumonia in two cases (one with pleural effusion) and interstitial involvement in other two. The high frequency of respiratory involvement in our series makes necessary to consider brucellosis in the differential diagnosis of respiratory diseases in pork processing plant employees.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C Wallach
- 'Francisco J. Muñiz' Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J L García
- 'Francisco J. Muñiz' Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P S Cardinali
- 'Francisco J. Muñiz' Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A P Seijo
- 'Francisco J. Muñiz' Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - S L Garro
- 'Francisco J. Muñiz' Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - B Deodato
- 'Francisco J. Muñiz' Hospital, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P C Baldi
- Instituto de Estudios de la Inmunidad Humoral (IDEHU, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Quance C, Robbe-Austerman S, Stuber T, Brignole T, DeBess EE, Boyd L, LeaMaster B, Tiller R, Draper J, Humphrey S, Erdman MM. Identification of Source of Brucella suis Infection in Human by Using Whole-Genome Sequencing, United States and Tonga. Emerg Infect Dis 2016; 22:79-82. [PMID: 26689610 PMCID: PMC4696693 DOI: 10.3201/eid2201.150843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucella suis infection was diagnosed in a man from Tonga,
Polynesia, who had butchered swine in Oregon, USA. Although the US commercial swine
herd is designated brucellosis-free, exposure history suggested infection from
commercial pigs. We used whole-genome sequencing to determine that the man was
infected in Tonga, averting a field investigation.
Collapse
|
33
|
Mor SM, Wiethoelter AK, Lee A, Moloney B, James DR, Malik R. Emergence of Brucella suis in dogs in New South Wales, Australia: clinical findings and implications for zoonotic transmission. BMC Vet Res 2016; 12:199. [PMID: 27613248 PMCID: PMC5016883 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0835-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Animal reservoirs of brucellosis constitute an ongoing threat to human health globally, with foodborne, occupational and recreational exposures creating opportunities for transmission. In Australia and the United States, hunting of feral pigs has been identified as the principal risk factor for human brucellosis due to Brucella suis. Following increased reports of canine B. suis infection, we undertook a review of case notification data and veterinary records to address knowledge gaps about transmission, clinical presentation, and zoonotic risks arising from infected dogs. Results Between 2011 and 2015, there was a 17-fold increase in the number of cases identified (74 in total) in New South Wales, Australia. Spatial distribution of cases largely overlapped with high feral pig densities in the north of the state. Ninety per cent of dogs had participated directly in pig hunting; feeding of raw feral pig meat and cohabitation with cases in the same household were other putative modes of transmission. Dogs with confirmed brucellosis presented with reproductive tract signs (33 %), back pain (13 %) or lameness (10 %); sub-clinical infection was also common (40 %). Opportunities for dog-to-human transmission in household and occupational environments were identified, highlighting potential public health risks associated with canine B. suis infection. Conclusions Brucellosis due to B. suis is an emerging disease of dogs in Australia. Veterinarians should consider this diagnosis in any dog that presents with reproductive tract signs, back pain or lameness, particularly if the dog has a history of feral pig exposure. Moreover, all people in close contact with these dogs such as hunters, household contacts and veterinary personnel should take precautions to prevent zoonotic transmission.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan M Mor
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia. .,Tufts University School of Medicine, 145 Harrison Avenue, Boston, 02111, MA, USA.
| | - Anke K Wiethoelter
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda Lee
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Woodbridge Road, Menangle, 2568, NSW, Australia
| | - Barbara Moloney
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, 161 Kite Street, Orange, 2800, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniel R James
- Small Animal Specialist Hospital, 1 Richardson Place, North Ryde, 2113, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Malik
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, 2006, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Kutlu M, Cevahir N, Erdenliğ-Gürbilek S, Akalın Ş, Uçar M, Sayın-Kutlu S. The first report of Brucella suis biovar 1 isolation in human in Turkey. J Infect Public Health 2016; 9:675-8. [PMID: 26947547 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2016.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brucella melitensis and B. abortus are the species generally isolated from human samples in Turkey. Several studies have also demonstrated the presence of antibodies against B. canis. CASE REPORT AND STUDY Brucella spp. was isolated from blood culture from a 35-year-old male with clinical signs and symptoms of acute meningitis, including fever lasting for 1 week. Multiplex PCR demonstrated B. suis, and biochemical features indicated biovar 1. CONCLUSIONS This report is the first emphasizing that B. suis should be considered among the causes of brucellosis in Turkey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Murat Kutlu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Nural Cevahir
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Sevil Erdenliğ-Gürbilek
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| | - Şerife Akalın
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Uçar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Selda Sayın-Kutlu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Czibener C, Del Giudice MG, Spera JM, Fulgenzi FR, Ugalde JE. Delta-pgm, a new live-attenuated vaccine against Brucella suis. Vaccine 2016; 34:1524-30. [PMID: 26899373 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Brucellosis is one of the most widespread zoonosis in the world affecting many domestic and wild animals including bovines, goats, pigs and dogs. Each species of the Brucella genus has a particular tropism toward different mammals being the most relevant for human health Brucella abortus, Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis that infect bovines, goats/camelids and swine respectively. Although for B. abortus and B. melitensis there are vaccines available, there is no efficient vaccine to protect swine from B. suis infection so far. We describe here the construction of a novel vaccine strain that confers excellent protection against B. suis in a mouse model of infection. This strain is a clean deletion of the phosphoglucomutase (pgm) gene that codes for a protein that catalyzes the conversion of glucose-6-P to glucose-1-P, which is used as a precursor for the biosynthesis of many polysaccharides. The Delta-pgm strain lacks a complete lipopolysaccharide, is unable to synthesize cyclic beta glucans and is sensitive to several detergents and Polymyxin B. We show that this strain replicates in cultured cells, is completely avirulent in the mouse model of infection but protects against a challenge of the virulent strain inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. This novel strain could be an excellent candidate for the control of swine brucellosis, a disease of emerging concern in many parts of the world.
Collapse
|
36
|
Dieste-Pérez L, Frankena K, Blasco JM, Muñoz PM, de Jong MCM. Efficacy of antibiotic treatment and test-based culling strategies for eradicating brucellosis in commercial swine herds. Prev Vet Med 2016; 126:105-10. [PMID: 26899897 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Swine brucellosis caused by Brucella suis biovar 2 is an emerging disease in continental Europe. Without effective vaccines being available, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) recommends the full depopulation of infected herds as the only strategy to eradicate B. suis outbreaks. Using data collected from 8 herds suffering natural swine brucellosis outbreaks, we assessed the efficacy of four control strategies: (i) oxytetracycline treatment only, as a default scenario, (ii) oxytetracycline treatment combined with skin testing and removal of positive animals, (iii) oxytetracycline treatment combined with serological testing (Rose Bengal test-RBT-and indirect ELISA -iELISA-) and removal of seropositive animals and (iv) oxytetracycline treatment combined with both serological (RBT/iELISA) and skin testing and removal of positive animals. A Susceptible-Infectious-Removal model was used to estimate the reproduction ratio (R) for each strategy. According to this model, the oxytetracycline treatment alone was not effective enough to eradicate the infection. However, this antibiotic treatment combined with diagnostic testing at 4-monthly intervals plus immediate removal of positive animals showed to be effective to eradicate brucellosis independent of the diagnostic test strategy used in an acceptable time interval (1-2 years), depending on the initial number of infected animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Dieste-Pérez
- Animal Health Department, IA2 CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Av. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain; Department of Farm Animal Health, Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Yalelaan 7, 3584 CL Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - K Frankena
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J M Blasco
- Animal Health Department, IA2 CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Av. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - P M Muñoz
- Animal Health Department, IA2 CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, Av. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - M C M de Jong
- Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 338, 6700 AH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Duvnjak S, Račić I, Špičić S, Zdelar-Tuk M, Reil I, Cvetnić Ž. Characterisation of Brucella suis isolates from Southeast Europe by multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis. Vet Microbiol 2015; 180:146-50. [PMID: 26324171 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Porcine brucellosis is a common bacterial zoonosis which can cause significant financial losses. Its diverse and often complicated factors have hampered efforts to control disease spread. The aim of the study was to assess the epidemiological situation of porcine brucellosis primarily in Croatia and its relationship to genotypes present in other, mostly European countries. One hundred and seven Brucella suis strains isolated from swine, hares, cattle, humans, wild hares, a wild boar and a mare originating mainly from Croatia (112), but also a few from Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Macedonia (15) were tested using classical microbiological testing, Bruce-ladder, RFLP, Multiplex-suis and genotyped using multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). We determined 43 Brucella suis genotypes. Strains were grouped according to phylogenetic and geographic relationships, revealing both regional specificity and uniqueness and suggesting possible sources and modes of spread among animals. Our study also confirmed problems with Bruce19 locus that may hinder comparisons of new types with those in the international database. Forty-one novel genotypes were identified and deposited into the international database. Our study supports the idea of wild animals as a source of disease in domestic animals and also gives evidence to hypothesis of cross-border animal trafficking between former Yugoslavian countries. It also highlights the need to expand such research across more of southeast Europe, especially to countries with poorer social and economical situation in order to prevent a realistic outbreak and for better understanding of the biology of this pathogen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanja Duvnjak
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Ivana Račić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Silvio Špičić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Maja Zdelar-Tuk
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Irena Reil
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Željko Cvetnić
- Croatian Veterinary Institute, Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Laboratory for Bacterial Zoonoses and Molecular Diagnosis of Bacterial Diseases, Savska cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Turtaut F, Lopez M, Ouahrani-Bettache S, Köhler S, Winum JY. Oxo- and thiooxo-imidazo[1,5-c]pyrimidine molecule library: beyond their interest in inhibition of Brucella suis histidinol dehydrogenase, a powerful protection tool in the synthesis of histidine analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:5008-10. [PMID: 25278235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Histidinol dehydrogenase (HDH) has been established as a virulence factor for the human pathogen bacterium Brucella suis. Targeting such a virulence factor is a relevant anti-infectious approach as it could decrease the frequency of antibiotic resistance appearance. In this paper, we describe the synthesis of a family of oxo- and thioxo-imidazo[1,5-c]pyrimidines, potential enzyme inhibitors. Beyond their anti-HDH activity, the synthesis approach of these molecules, never described before, is highly original and these oxo- and thioxo- derivatives can improve dramatically the efficiency of the histidine protection pathway for the synthesis of histidine analogues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- François Turtaut
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-ENSCM-Université Montpellier 1-Université Montpellier 2, Bâtiment de Recherche Max Mousseron, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'École Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex, France; Centre d'Études d'Agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), UMR 5236, CNRS-Université Montpellier 1-Université Montpellier 2, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Marie Lopez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-ENSCM-Université Montpellier 1-Université Montpellier 2, Bâtiment de Recherche Max Mousseron, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'École Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex, France; Centre d'Études d'Agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), UMR 5236, CNRS-Université Montpellier 1-Université Montpellier 2, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Safia Ouahrani-Bettache
- Centre d'Études d'Agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), UMR 5236, CNRS-Université Montpellier 1-Université Montpellier 2, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Stephan Köhler
- Centre d'Études d'Agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), UMR 5236, CNRS-Université Montpellier 1-Université Montpellier 2, 1919 route de Mende, F-34293 Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-ENSCM-Université Montpellier 1-Université Montpellier 2, Bâtiment de Recherche Max Mousseron, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'École Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex, France.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fretin D, Mori M, Czaplicki G, Quinet C, Maquet B, Godfroid J, Saegerman C. Unexpected Brucella suis biovar 2 Infection in a dairy cow, Belgium. Emerg Infect Dis 2014; 19:2053-4. [PMID: 24274041 PMCID: PMC3840864 DOI: 10.3201/eid1912.130506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
40
|
Kreizinger Z, Foster JT, Rónai Z, Sulyok KM, Wehmann E, Jánosi S, Gyuranecz M. Genetic relatedness of Brucella suis biovar 2 isolates from hares, wild boars and domestic pigs. Vet Microbiol 2014; 172:492-8. [PMID: 24962519 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 05/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Porcine brucellosis generally manifests as disorders in reproductive organs potentially leading to serious losses in the swine industry. Brucella suis biovar 2 is endemic in European wild boar (Sus scrofa) and hare (Lepus europeus, Lepus capensis) populations, thus these species may play a significant role in disease spread and serve as potential sources of infection for domestic pigs. The aim of this study was an epidemiologic analysis of porcine brucellosis in Hungary and a comparative analysis of B. suis bv. 2 strains from Europe using multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA). MLVA-16 and its MLVA-11 subset were used to determine the genotypes of 68 B. suis bv. 2 isolates from Hungary and results were then compared to European MLVA genotypes. The analyses indicated relatively high genetic diversity of B. suis bv. 2 in Hungary. Strains isolated from hares and wild boars from Hungary showed substantial genetic divergence, suggesting separate lineages in each host and no instances of cross species infections. The closest relatives of strains from Hungarian wild boars and domestic pigs were mainly in the isolates from German and Croatian boars and pigs. The assessment of the European MLVA genotypes of wild boar isolates generally showed clustering based on geographic origin. The hare strains were relatively closely related to one another and did not cluster based on geographic origin. The limited relationships between geographic origin and genotype in isolates from hares might be the result of cross-border live animal translocation. The results could also suggest that certain B. suis strains are more adapted to hares. Across Europe, isolates from domestic pigs were closely related to isolates originating from both hares and wild boars, supporting the idea that wild animals are a source of brucellosis in domestic pigs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Kreizinger
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 18, 1581 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Jeffrey T Foster
- Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011-4073, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna Rónai
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, P.O. Box 2, 1581 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kinga M Sulyok
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 18, 1581 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Wehmann
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 18, 1581 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Jánosi
- Veterinary Diagnostic Directorate, National Food Chain Safety Office, P.O. Box 2, 1581 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Gyuranecz
- Institute for Veterinary Medical Research, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 18, 1581 Budapest, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Chen JD, Ke CW, Deng X, Jiang S, Liang W, Ke BX, Li B, Tan H, Liu M. Brucellosis in Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China, 2005-2010. Emerg Infect Dis 2013; 19:817-8. [PMID: 23697913 PMCID: PMC3647486 DOI: 10.3201/eid1905.120146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
|
42
|
D'ambrosio K, Lopez M, Dathan NA, Ouahrani-Bettache S, Köhler S, Ascione G, Monti SM, Winum JY, De Simone G. Structural basis for the rational design of new anti-Brucella agents: the crystal structure of the C366S mutant of L-histidinol dehydrogenase from Brucella suis. Biochimie 2013; 97:114-20. [PMID: 24140957 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2013.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
L-Histidinol dehydrogenase from Brucella suis (BsHDH) is an enzyme involved in the histidine biosynthesis pathway which is absent in mammals, thus representing a very interesting target for the development of anti-Brucella agents. In this paper we report the crystallographic structure of a mutated form of BsHDH both in its unbound form and in complex with a nanomolar inhibitor. These studies provide the first structural background for the rational design of potent HDH inhibitors, thus offering new hints for clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katia D'ambrosio
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Marie Lopez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-UM1-UM2, Bâtiment de Recherche Max Mousseron, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex, France; Centre d'Etudes d'Agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), UMR 5236 CNRS-UM1-UM2, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Nina A Dathan
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Safia Ouahrani-Bettache
- Centre d'Etudes d'Agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), UMR 5236 CNRS-UM1-UM2, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Stephan Köhler
- Centre d'Etudes d'Agents Pathogènes et Biotechnologies pour la Santé (CPBS), UMR 5236 CNRS-UM1-UM2, 1919 Route de Mende, 34293 Montpellier, France
| | - Giuseppina Ascione
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy
| | - Simona Maria Monti
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Jean-Yves Winum
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 CNRS-UM1-UM2, Bâtiment de Recherche Max Mousseron, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier, 8 rue de l'Ecole Normale, 34296 Montpellier Cedex, France
| | - Giuseppina De Simone
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini-CNR, Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Escobar GI, Jacob NR, López G, Ayala SM, Whatmore AM, Lucero NE. Human brucellosis at a pig slaughterhouse. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 36:575-80. [PMID: 24138958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2013.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Seventeen workers in a pig slaughterhouse with signs and symptoms compatible with brucellosis were clinically examined at the outpatient service of different health institutions and studied by serological tests during the period 2005-2011. Eleven blood cultures were taken and six Brucella suis strains were isolated, three biovar 1 and three with atypical characteristics. In order to confirm that these cases had no common source, a variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) analyses were performed on 5 of the 6 strains whose results showed substantial heterogeneity in the genotypes, thereby demonstrating that the immediate origin was not the same. Two hundred adult pigs admitted for slaughter at the plant were sampled by convenience and tested by buffered antigen plate test (BPAT), serum agglutination test (SAT) and 2-mercapto-ethanol test (MET). Seven of 62 males (11%) and 25/138 (18%) females tested positive. The study results contribute information on risk scenarios for packing plant workers and underscore the need to improve plant workers' education on appropriate containment measures and to actively screen animals for swine brucellosis.
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
Brucellosis is a chronic infection produced by members of the Brucella family. Diagnosis of this condition requires either isolation of the organism in culture or positive serological tests.We describe a 27-year-old male admitted as a case of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO), who tested negative for Brucella IgM ELISA test on preliminary evaluation but was subsequently diagnosed on the strength of positive blood and bone marrow cultures to be a case of brucellosis secondary to Brucella suis infection. In addition to highlighting the pathogenic potential of an unusual organism, this case demonstrates the unreliability of standard serological tests based on the Brucella melitensis antigen for infection with other species of Brucella.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kushal Naha
- Department of Medicine, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal University, Manipal
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|