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Nasrabadi M, Nazarian M, Darroudi M, Marouzi S, Harifi-Mood MS, Samarghandian S, Farkhondeh T. Carbamate compounds induced toxic effects by affecting Nrf2 signaling pathways. Toxicol Rep 2024; 12:148-157. [PMID: 38304697 PMCID: PMC10831123 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbamate (CBs) is a class of insecticides which is being known as an important cause of intentional or accidental poisoning. CBs, cause carbamylation of acetylcholinesterase at neuronal synapses and neuromuscular junction. Exposure to CBs through skin contact, inhalation, or ingestion can result in significant cholinergic toxicity. This is due to the elevation of acetylcholine levels at ganglionic synapses found in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, as well as muscarinic receptors located in target organs of the parasympathetic nervous system, nicotinic receptors situated in skeletal muscle tissue, and the central nervous system. The association between human illnesses and environmental exposures to CBs have been extensively studied in several studies. Although CBs-triggered toxicity leads to overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the detailed association between the toxicity under CBs exposure and NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathways has not been completely clarified. In this review we aimed to summarize the latest findings on the functional interrelationship between carbamates compounds and Nrf2 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maryam Nazarian
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Majid Darroudi
- Nuclear Medicine Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Basic Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
| | - Somayeh Marouzi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Saeed Samarghandian
- Healthy Ageing Research Centre, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur 9318614139, Iran
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Wrobel MH, Mlynarczuk J, Rekawiecki R. Effects of commonly used carbamates (carbaryl and thiram) on the regulatory, secretory and motor functions of bovine cervixes in vitro. Theriogenology 2024; 218:183-192. [PMID: 38330862 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2024.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Previously studied classes of pesticides, including organochlorines, organophosphates and pyrethroids disturb the mechanism that causes bovine myometrial contractions. Hence, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of carbaryl and thiram, which are representative carbamate pesticides commonly used in global agriculture, on the motor and secretory functions of bovine cervixes. Additionally, the impacts of these pesticides on intra- and intercellular signaling in vitro were estimated. In this study, cervical cells or strips were obtained from cows at days 18-20 of the estrous cycle and were treated with carbaryl or thiram. Neither carbamate (10 or 100 ng/ml) exerted cytotoxic effects. Carbaryl increased the level of mRNA (at a dose of 0.1 ng/ml) and protein (at both doses, 1 and 10 ng/ml) expression for the oxytocin receptor (OXTR), while thiram (at 0.1 and 10 ng/ml or 0.1-10 ng/ml, respectively) caused the opposite effects. Moreover, the level of the second messenger inositol-trisphosphate (IP3) was decreased by carbaryl (10 ng/ml) but increased by thiram (10 ng/ml). Only thiram decreased prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2; 0.1 ng/ml) and aldo-keto reductase family 1, member B1 (AKR1B1; 0.1 ng/ml), and prostaglandin E synthase 2 (PTGES2; 0.1-10 ng/ml) mRNA expression, while thiram (0.1-10 ng/ml) and carbaryl (0.1 and 10 ng/ml) both decreased the release of PGF2α. Carbaryl (10 ng/ml) and thiram (10 ng/ml) also decreased the level of a gap junction protein (GAP). Moreover, carbaryl (10 ng/ml) decreased the level of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK). However, the strength of cervical contractions was increased by thiram (1 and 10 ng/ml) but decreased by carbaryl (1 and 10 ng/ml). Carbaryl increased the receptivity of cervical cells to oxytocin (OXT), but inhibited further transduction (IP3) of this signal. Hence, direct inhibition of cervical strip contraction may occur. In contrast, thiram mostly decreased the receptivity of cervical cells to OXT, while it stimulated the contraction of cervical strips. Moreover, compared to carbaryl, thiram more greatly affected the synthesis and release of prostaglandins. These results suggest that carbaryl and thiram disturb OXT signaling, PG secretion and cervical contraction in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hubert Wrobel
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Jaroslaw Mlynarczuk
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Robert Rekawiecki
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima Street 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
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Silva JDOS, Dos Santos JF, Granja HS, Almeida WS, Loeser TFL, Freitas LS, Bergamini MF, Marcolino-Junior LH, Sussuchi EM. Simultaneous determination of carbendazim and carbaryl pesticides in water bodies samples using a new voltammetric sensor based on Moringa oleifera biochar. Chemosphere 2024; 347:140707. [PMID: 37972866 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
For the first time, a modified electrochemical sensor based on carbon paste was developed using biochar derived from the husks of Moringa oleifera pods to detect successfully and simultaneously carbendazim (CBZ) and carbaryl (CBR) pesticides. Biochar was obtained via pyrolysis at 400 °C, which required no additional activation or modification processes. The incorporation of the biochar modifier enabled the preconcentration of both pesticides under open potential circuit conditions, resulting in a significant enhancement in sensitivity compared to bare electrode. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the developed sensor exhibited excellent sensitivity to the target analytes, showing a linear relationship within the concentration range of 0.29-6.00 μM for CBZ and 29.9-502 μM for CBR. The limits of detection were calculated to be 0.12 μM for CBZ and 10.4 μM for CBR. The proposed method demonstrated remarkable selectivity for analytes even in the presence of diverse organic and inorganic species. Furthermore, the method was successfully applied to the determination of CBZ and CBR pesticides in various water matrices, including river, sea, drinking, and groundwater samples, without the need for any sample pretreatment, such as extraction or filtration. The observed recoveries ranged from 87% to 111%, indicating the efficiency and reliability of this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatas de Oliveira S Silva
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Sensores Eletroquímicos e Nano(Materiais) - SEnM, Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia - LCNT, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, 49107-230, Brazil.
| | - José Felipe Dos Santos
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Sensores Eletroquímicos e Nano(Materiais) - SEnM, Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia - LCNT, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, 49107-230, Brazil.
| | - Honnara S Granja
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Sensores Eletroquímicos e Nano(Materiais) - SEnM, Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia - LCNT, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, 49107-230, Brazil; Laboratório de Análises Cromatográficas - LAC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, 49107-230, Brazil.
| | - Wandson S Almeida
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Sensores Eletroquímicos e Nano(Materiais) - SEnM, Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia - LCNT, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, 49107-230, Brazil
| | - Thiago F L Loeser
- Laboratório de Análises Cromatográficas - LAC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, 49107-230, Brazil.
| | - Lisiane S Freitas
- Laboratório de Análises Cromatográficas - LAC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, 49107-230, Brazil.
| | - Márcio F Bergamini
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos - LabSensE, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil.
| | - Luiz H Marcolino-Junior
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos - LabSensE, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, PR, 81530-000, Brazil.
| | - Eliana Midori Sussuchi
- Grupo de Pesquisa em Sensores Eletroquímicos e Nano(Materiais) - SEnM, Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia - LCNT, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Química - Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe - UFS, São Cristóvão, SE, 49107-230, Brazil.
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Siriwat S, Ong-Artborirak P, Ponrachom C, Siriwong W, Nganchamung T. Non-carcinogenic health risk from carbamate pesticide exposure of toddlers living in agricultural areas of Thailand. Int J Environ Health Res 2023; 33:1738-1748. [PMID: 36103631 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2022.2123456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Toddlers in agricultural areas may be athave risk from pesticide exposure . A cross-sectional study was conducted with 130 toddlers and their caregivers. Face-to-face interviews were done to gather information about exposure factors. A wipe sampling technique was used to collect carbamate residues on each toddler's hands and feet. Results showed that there were carbamate residues on all wipe samples (100%), with a median concentration of 30.47 micrograms per sample (hands and feet). Carbamate residues detected on toddlers' hands and feetwere significantly associated (p < 0.05) with many factors, including the toddlers' relationships with caregivers, the education level of caregivers, the household incomes, the gender of toddlers, the frequency of following caregivers to farms, the frequency of foot washing, daytime activities, and playing durations. The health risk from dermal carbamate exposurewas above the acceptable range (HI = 3.244). Preventive measures should be considered to reduce toddlers' pesticide exposure in agricultural areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satinee Siriwat
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakhon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | | | | | - Wattasit Siriwong
- College of Public Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thitirat Nganchamung
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
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Iturbe-Requena SL, Cuenca-Verde C, Prado-Ochoa MG, Vázquez-Valadez VH, Muñoz-Guzmán MA, Angeles E, Alba-Hurtado F. Efficacy of ethyl-4-bromophenyl carbamate on different Rhipicephalus microplus stages implanted in cattle. Exp Appl Acarol 2023; 91:487-496. [PMID: 37787902 PMCID: PMC10616208 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-023-00846-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The effect of ethyl-4-bromophenyl carbamate on different Rhipicephalus microplus stages implanted in cattle was evaluated using the pen test with infestation chambers. Twelve steers were distributed into four groups (n = 3), each with four chambers (12 chambers per group), where approximately 1,000 R. microplus larvae were placed in each chamber. The chambers of the first group were sprayed with a solution of ethyl-4-bromophenyl carbamate (0.668 mg/mL) on day 2 post-infestation (PI) (exposed larvae). The chambers of the second group were sprayed with the same solution on day 8 PI (exposed nymphs), and the chambers of the third group were sprayed on day 16 PI (exposed adults) with the same solution. The chambers of the fourth group were used as controls. The percentages of engorged females, egg laying, egg production and egg hatching were evaluated in all groups. The percentage of cumulative reduction of hatched larvae was 98.3, 96.1 and 94.4% when larvae, nymph and adult stages were treated, respectively. The average cumulative reduction of hatched larvae, considering the three treated stages, was 96.3%, whereby the reproductive potential of this tick was drastically reduced. In conclusion, ethyl-4-bromophenyl carbamate acted as an ixodicide (lethal effect) when larval stages were sprayed and as a growth regulator when nymphal and adult stages were sprayed. The sum of these effects had a direct impact on the efficacy of the product in the pen test, and future studies will indicate the potential use of this product for tick control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Lizeth Iturbe-Requena
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César Cuenca-Verde
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Guadalupe Prado-Ochoa
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Víctor Hugo Vázquez-Valadez
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Muñoz-Guzmán
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Enrique Angeles
- Laboratorio de Química Medicinal, Departamento de Ciencias Químicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Fernando Alba-Hurtado
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Serafín-Fabian JI, Elena Moreno-Godínez M, Flores-Alfaro E, Parra-Rojas I, Rojas-García AE, Campos-Viguri GE, Cahua-Pablo JÁ, Ramírez-Vargas MA. β-glucuronidase as a biomarker for assessing the exposure to anticholinergic pesticides: A meta-analysis. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 103:104279. [PMID: 37741477 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The human exposure to anticholinergic pesticides has been associated with the development of various diseases. Therefore, several biomarkers have been proposed for biomonitoring human exposure to anticholinergic pesticides. OBJECTIVE This work evaluated the effect of human exposure to anticholinergic pesticides on β-glucuronidase (GUSB) levels. METHODS A systematic review was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO databases up to December 2021. The statistical analysis employed standardized mean differences and meta-regression. And the trial sequential analysis was performed. RESULTS Nine studies were included. A monotonic relationship was observed between poisoning severity and GUSB. Furthermore, BuChE levels were correlated with GUSB levels. CONCLUSIONS The results indicated that GUSB levels could be used as a possible diagnosis biomarker in poisoning related to anticholinergic pesticide exposure. However, the use of GUSB to assess the chronic exposure to anticholinergic pesticides could be only performed in recent exposure (≈ 7 days after last exposure).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Isimar Serafín-Fabian
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Universidad Autónoma De Guerrero, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Ma Elena Moreno-Godínez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología y Salud Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma De Guerrero, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Eugenia Flores-Alfaro
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Universidad Autónoma De Guerrero, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Isela Parra-Rojas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Laboratorio de Investigación en Obesidad y Diabetes, Universidad Autónoma De Guerrero, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Nayarit, Mexico
| | | | - José Ángel Cahua-Pablo
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Laboratorio de Epidemiología Clínica y Molecular, Universidad Autónoma De Guerrero, Guerrero, Mexico
| | - Marco Antonio Ramírez-Vargas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Laboratorio de Toxicología y Salud Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma De Guerrero, Guerrero, Mexico.
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Sithole S, Nyoka NWK, Kamdem MM, Otomo PV. Dietary deprivation reduces the deleterious effects of carbaryl on the survival and activity of both catalase and acetylcholinesterase in earthworms. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 263:115293. [PMID: 37517307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) and dietary deprivation (DD) have been shown to be significantly beneficial in terms of lifespan gains and stress alleviation in invertebrate and vertebrate species. Such beneficial effects, however, have yet to be clearly assessed in the presence of chemical stressors. We conducted a comparative evaluation of the toxicity of carbaryl in Eisenia fetida individuals subjected to a full diet (FD), DR and DD. For 14 days, groups of ten worms subjected to FD received 5 g oatmeal, those subjected to DR received 2.5 g oatmeal, and those subjected to DD received 0 g oatmeal weekly. We evaluated concentrations of 0, 7, 14 and 28 mg carbaryl.kg-1 soil and measured effects on survival, reproduction, biomass and biomarkers (Catalase- CAT and acetylcholine esterase- AChE). Carbaryl caused a total inhibition of reproduction in all the treatments. For each diet level, the 14-day LC50 s were higher than 28 mg.kg-1, but the 14-day LC20 s for the earthworms subjected to FD, DR, and DD were 11.24, 20.51 and > 28 mg.kg-1, respectively. This showed that the toxicity of carbaryl consistently decreased with the reduction in nutrients. Carbaryl caused a significant weight loss in the worms subjected to FD in the 7 mg.kg-1 treatment (P = 0.0065). Such weight loss was not found in any of the other treatments and diets. Both CAT and AChE were significantly inhibited in the two highest treatments (P = 0.0071 and P = 0.0073, respectively). Interestingly, the earthworms subjected to DD showed relatively lower biomarker inhibition, indicating a greater tolerance to oxidative and neurotoxic stresses in these starved earthworms. For all endpoints investigated, aside from reproduction, the starved earthworms fared better under carbaryl toxicity than those given the other diets. Overall, a positive correlation was observed between the amount of food and chemical toxicity as mortality rates, AChE and CAT inhibition increased with the increased amount of nutrients given to the worms. These results show that, in the presence of a chemical stressor, the beneficial effects of DR and DD were variably manifest for select lifecycle parameters and biomarker responses, further suggesting dietary reduction as a non-genetic intervention that could help extend lifespan and alleviate stress even under a chemical insult.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sipho Sithole
- Ecotoxicology Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Private Bag x13, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, Republic of South Africa
| | - Ngitheni Winnie-Kate Nyoka
- Ecotoxicology Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Private Bag x13, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, Republic of South Africa.
| | - Michel Mathurin Kamdem
- Ecotoxicology Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Private Bag x13, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, Republic of South Africa
| | - Patricks Voua Otomo
- Ecotoxicology Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State, Private Bag x13, Phuthaditjhaba 9866, Republic of South Africa
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Torres-Sánchez ED, Ortiz GG, Reyes-Uribe E, Torres-Jasso JH, Salazar-Flores J. Effect of pesticides on phosphorylation of tau protein, and its influence on Alzheimer's disease. World J Clin Cases 2023; 11:5628-5642. [PMID: 37727721 PMCID: PMC10506003 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i24.5628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and neurodegenerative illness which results in alterations in cognitive development. It is characterized by loss/dysfunction of cholinergic neurons, and formation of amyloid plaques, and formation of neurofibrillary tangles, among other changes, due to hyperphosphorylation of tau-protein. Exposure to pesticides in humans occurs frequently due to contact with contaminated food, water, or particles. Organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids and neonicotinoids are associated with the most diagnosed incidents of severe cognitive impairment. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of these pesticides on the phosphorylation of tau protein, and its cognitive implications in the development of AD. It was found that exposure to pesticides increased the phosphorylation of tau protein at sites Ser198, Ser199, Ser202, Thr205, Ser396 and Ser404. Contact with these chemicals altered the enzymatic activities of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 and glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta, and protein phosphatase-2A. Moreover, it altered the expression of the microtubule associated protein tau gene, and changed levels of intracellular calcium. These changes affected tau protein phosphorylation and neuroinflammation, and also increased oxidative stress. In addition, the exposed subjects had poor level of performance in tests that involved evaluation of novelty, as test on verbal, non-verbal, spatial memory, attention, and problem-solving skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erandis D Torres-Sánchez
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University Center of la Cienega, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Genaro G Ortiz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Disciplines and Service of Molecular Biology in Medicine Hospital Civil, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Reyes-Uribe
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University Center of la Cienega, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Juan H Torres-Jasso
- Department of Biological Sciences, CUCOSTA, University of Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta 48280, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Joel Salazar-Flores
- Department of Medical and Life Sciences, University Center of la Cienega, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan 47820, Jalisco, Mexico
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Mohd Nizam SN, Haji Baharudin NS, Ahmad H. Application of pesticide in paddy fields: a Southeast Asia case study review. Environ Geochem Health 2023; 45:5557-5577. [PMID: 37380923 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-023-01668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are widely employed in rice crops since the ecosystem and surroundings of paddy promote insects, weeds, and fungal and bacterial pathogens. Each commonly utilised pesticide possesses different uses. For instance, fungicides control fungal issues, herbicides curb weed growth, and insecticides destroy and repel insects. Although several ways to categorise them exist, pesticides are typically classified according to their chemical compositions. Rice production remains one of the most dominant crops grown in most Southeast Asian countries as it is a staple food. Nonetheless, the crop is highly dependent on pesticides, leading to growing concerns over the potential adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and human health. Despite the availability of numerous studies on the subject, a comprehensive understanding of the specific effects of pesticides on paddy fields in Southeast Asia is still lacking. Consequently, reviewing existing knowledge is necessary for synthesising and identifying research gaps to better inform policymakers, farmers, and other stakeholders in the agricultural sector. The objectives of the present review paper were to review the interactions between pesticides and the environment by understanding the physical and chemical properties of the chemicals, compare pesticide transportation modes in air, water, and soil and how they affect the environment, and evaluate and discuss the effects of pesticides on non-targeted organisms. This study assessed pesticide innovation reported between 1945 and 2021 for a better understanding of the utilisation of the chemicals over time. The pesticides assessed in this study were classified based on their chemical compounds, such as organochlorines, organophosphates, carbamates, and pyrethroid. This review could provide a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between pesticides and the environment and their impacts on non-targeted organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shazreen Natasha Mohd Nizam
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Syuhada Haji Baharudin
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Harlina Ahmad
- Environmental Technology Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), 11800, Minden, Penang, Malaysia.
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Anglister N, Gonen-Shalom S, Shlanger P, Blotnick-Rubin E, Rosenzweig A, Horowitz I, Hatzofe O, King R, Anglister L, Spiegel O. Plasma cholinesterase activity: A benchmark for rapid detection of pesticide poisoning in an avian scavenger. Sci Total Environ 2023; 877:162903. [PMID: 36934922 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Poisoning due to exposure to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides is a common threat for many wildlife species, especially for scavengers such as vultures. The Griffon vulture population (Gyps fulvus), for instance, is deteriorating in the Eastern Mediterranean, and is considered to be critically endangered in Israel, where 48 out of 107 (45 %) known injury/mortality cases in 2010-2021 were caused by poisoning. Lack of specific clinical indications, together with levels of organophosphate or carbamate pesticides too low to detect, challenge the ability to diagnose and treat such poisoning events. The activity of cholinesterase (ChE) in plasma has the potential to serve as an effective biomarker for monitoring exposure to anticholinesterase pesticides in live vultures. Yet, the applicability of this approach has been limited by intra- and inter-species variations in ChE basal levels. The present study aims to provide a benchmark for ChE activity levels in healthy Griffons and their intra-species variation. Blood samples from free-roaming (n = 231) and captive (n = 63) Griffons were collected during routine monitoring, and ChE levels were determined using a colorimetric method. We established that the ChE in the plasma of Griffons reflects mostly acetylcholinesterase as the dominant form. ChE levels in healthy Griffons are 0.601 ± 0.011 U/ml (mean ± SE), while Griffons with suspected or confirmed pesticide poisoning display much lower levels of ChE activity (typically <0.3 U/ml). We also characterized the age dependence of ChE activity, as well as differences among groups from different locations or origins. Our study provides a rapid diagnostic tool for the detection of exposure to organophosphate and carbamate pesticides that should facilitate the lifesaving treatment and the conservation of this species. Moreover, our protocols can be adapted to other species and geographical areas, addressing pesticide poisoning worldwide and contributing to the protection of endangered species and their ecological functions (e.g. sanitation by scavengers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nili Anglister
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Israeli Wildlife Hospital, Zoological Center Ramat Gan-Safari Sderat Hatsvi, Ramat Gan 5225300, Israel.
| | - Shira Gonen-Shalom
- Israeli Wildlife Hospital, Zoological Center Ramat Gan-Safari Sderat Hatsvi, Ramat Gan 5225300, Israel; Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.
| | - Peleg Shlanger
- Koret School of Veterinary Medicine, the Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, P.O.B. 12, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Edna Blotnick-Rubin
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada, IMRIC, The Hebrew University Medical School, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel
| | - Ariela Rosenzweig
- Israeli Wildlife Hospital, Zoological Center Ramat Gan-Safari Sderat Hatsvi, Ramat Gan 5225300, Israel
| | - Igal Horowitz
- Israeli Wildlife Hospital, Zoological Center Ramat Gan-Safari Sderat Hatsvi, Ramat Gan 5225300, Israel
| | - Ohad Hatzofe
- Science Division, Israel Nature and Parks Authority, 3 Am Ve'Olamo St., Jerusalem 9546303, Israel.
| | - Roni King
- Science Division, Israel Nature and Parks Authority, 3 Am Ve'Olamo St., Jerusalem 9546303, Israel.
| | - Lili Anglister
- Department of Medical Neurobiology, Institute for Medical Research, Israel-Canada, IMRIC, The Hebrew University Medical School, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 9112102, Israel.
| | - Orr Spiegel
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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11
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Ren Z, Chen B, Liang D, Liu D, Lei W, Liu S. A retrospective screening method for carbamate toxicant exposure based on butyrylcholinesterase adducts in human plasma with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2023; 1225:123775. [PMID: 37285767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Carbamate pesticides are extensively used in agriculture for their inhibition to acetylcholinesterase and damages to the insects' neural systems. Because of their toxicity, human poisoning incidents caused by carbamate pesticide exposure have occurred from time to time. What's more, some lethally toxic carbamate toxicants known as carbamate nerve agents (CMNAs) have been supplemented in Schedule 1 of the Annex on Chemicals in the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) by Organisation of the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) from 2020. And some other carbamates, like physostigmine, have been used in clinical treatment as anticholinergic drugs and their misuse may also cause damages to the body. Similar to organophosphorus toxicants, carbamate toxicants would react with butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in plasma when entering the human body, resulting in the BChE adducts, based on which the exposure of carbamate toxicants could be detected retrospectively. In this study, methylcarbamyl nonapeptide and dimethylcarbamyl nonapeptide from pepsin digestion of BChE adducts were identified with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) in product ion scan mode. Carbofuran was chosen as the target to establish the detection method of carbamate toxicant exposure based on methylcarbamyl nonapeptide digested from methylcarbamyl BChE. Procainamide-gel affinity purification, pepsin digestion and UHPLC-MS/MS analysis in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode were applied. Under the optimized conditions of sample preparation and UHPLC-MS/MS MRM analysis, the limits of detection (LODs) reached 10.0 ng/mL of plasma exposed to carbofuran with satisfactory specificity. The quantitation approach was established with d3-carbofuran-exposed plasma as the internal standard (IS) and the linearity range was 30.0-1.00 × 103 nmol/L (R2 >0.998) with the accuracy of 95.6%-107% and precision of ≤9% relative standard deviation (RSD). The applicability was also evaluated by N,N-dimethyl-carbamates with the LODs of 30.0 nmol/L for pirimicarb-exposed plasma based on dimethylcarbamyl nonapeptide. Because most of carbamate toxicants has methylcarbamyl or dimethylcarbamyl groups, this approach could be applied on the retrospective screening of carbamate toxicant exposure including CMNAs, carbamate pesticides or carbamate drugs. This study could provide an effective means in the fields of CWC verification, toxicological mechanism investigation and down-selection of potential treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Ren
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Bo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, PR China
| | - Deshen Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China
| | - Dongxin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, PR China
| | - Wu Lei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, PR China.
| | - Shilei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing 102205, PR China.
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12
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Jin Y, Hu D, Shi C, Chen Q, Lu Y, Chen J. Development of a Pt-graphene nanocomposite-based solid-phase extraction coupled with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the determination of carbamate pesticides in fish. ANAL SCI 2023:10.1007/s44211-023-00322-8. [PMID: 37000321 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00322-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
In the present work, a potential solid-phase extraction (SPE) material based on graphene anchored with platinum nanoparticles (Pt-Graphene) was prepared and characterized by scanning electron micrographs and transmission electron micrograph. The carbamates residues in fish were enriched by SPE filled with Pt-Graphene and detected by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The proposed extraction protocol exhibited satisfactory recoveries (76.5-115.6%), low limit of quantitation values in μg kg-1 level, and good precision for the studied ten carbamates. These results demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed protocol. The developed Pt-Graphene nanoparticles showed excellent performance for extracting analytes at trace levels, indicating that it could be used as a potential SPE sorbent in food residue analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Di Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Cui Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China
| | - Yanbin Lu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Joint Key Laboratory of Aquatic Products Processing of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Seafood, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310012, China.
| | - Juanjuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315832, China.
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13
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Almeida EMF, De Souza D. Current electroanalytical approaches in the carbamates and dithiocarbamates determination. Food Chem 2023; 417:135900. [PMID: 36944296 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.135900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are a suitable tool for controlling plagues and disease vectors. However, their inappropriate use allows for contamination of the environment, soil, water, and foods. Carbamates and dithiocarbamates pesticides present accumulative effects in the human body resulting in hormonal, neurological and reproductive disorders, and some are still suspected or proven to give carcinogenic or mutagenic effects. This review provides a current electroanalytical approach in the carbamates and dithiocarbamates determination, showing the use of voltammetric techniques such as amperometry, cyclic and linear scan, differential pulse, and square wave voltammetry, indicating their advantages, disadvantages, and perspectives in electroanalytical detection of carbamates and dithiocarbamates in natural water and foods. Also are reported the different materials used in the preparation of working electrodes since their choice has an important impact on the success of the analytical applications, resulting in suitable sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elis Marina Fonseca Almeida
- Laboratory of Electroanalytical Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering (LEABE), Chemistry Institute, Uberlândia Federal University, Major Jerônimo Street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG 38700-002, Brazil
| | - Djenaine De Souza
- Laboratory of Electroanalytical Applied to Biotechnology and Food Engineering (LEABE), Chemistry Institute, Uberlândia Federal University, Major Jerônimo Street, 566, Patos de Minas, MG 38700-002, Brazil.
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14
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Li X, Benet-Buchholz J, Escudero-Adán EC, Kleij AW. Silver-Mediated Cascade Synthesis of Functionalized 1,4-Dihydro-2H-benzo-1,3-oxazin-2-ones from Carbon Dioxide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202217803. [PMID: 36637337 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202217803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A conceptually novel catalytic domino approach is presented for the synthesis of highly functional 1,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazine-2-one derivatives. Key to the chemoselectivity is a proper design of the precursor to override thermodynamically favored parasitic cyclization processes and empower the formation of the desired product through Thorpe-Ingold effects. The synthetic diversity of these CO2 -based heterocycles is further demonstrated, and the isolation of a reaction intermediate supports an unusual ring-expansion sequence from an α-alkylidene, five-membered cyclic carbonate to a six-membered cyclic carbamate by N-induced isomerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetong Li
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Benet-Buchholz
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Eduardo C Escudero-Adán
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Arjan W Kleij
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), the Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.,Catalan Institute of Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Freitas C, Machado LS, Pereira I, da Silva RR, dos Santos GF, Chaves AR, Simas RC, Lima GS, Vaz BG. Assessing organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides in maize samples using MIP extraction and PSI-MS analyzes. J Food Sci Technol 2022; 59:2510-2515. [PMID: 35602426 PMCID: PMC9114180 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-022-05464-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The indiscriminate utilization of agrochemicals causes environmental and animal life impacts. In this regard, methodologies have been developed to offer efficiency and quickness for agrochemicals detection. Due to their selectivity and molecular recognition sites, Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIPs) have been widely employed in some areas, including biotechnology, waste analyses, foodstuff, biological fluids, and others. This work proposed developing a method to determine aminocarb, pirimicarb, dimethoate, omethoate, pyridaphenthion, and fenitrothion pesticides using molecularly imprinted polymer combined with solid-phase extraction (MIP-SPE) for clean-up and paper spray ionization mass spectrometry for their analysis. Extractions analysis for Aminocarb, Pirimicarb, and Omethoate using MIP-SPE showed better performance when compared with MIP and NIP. The R 2 values were found with R 2 > 0.98 for all pesticides, and LODs and LOQs values were 50 and 100 µg kg-1, respectively. The precision and accuracy were assessed at three concentration levels-low, medium, and high. The precision values (interday and intraday) were below 10%, and the variation of recovery was between 80 and 120% for all pesticides. Therefore, it was possible to verify the presence of two carbamates and five organophosphorus without the necessity of preconcentration samples with precision and good recovery. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13197-022-05464-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Freitas
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900 Brazil
| | - Lucas S. Machado
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900 Brazil
| | - Igor Pereira
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900 Brazil
| | - Rodolfo R. da Silva
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900 Brazil
| | | | - Andrea R. Chaves
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900 Brazil
| | - Rosineide C. Simas
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900 Brazil
| | - Gesiane S. Lima
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900 Brazil
| | - Boniek G. Vaz
- Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, GO 74690-900 Brazil
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16
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Dannatt JE, Yadav A, Smith MR, Maleczka RE. Amide directed iridium C(sp 3)-H borylation catalysis with high N-methyl selectivity. Tetrahedron 2022; 109:132578. [PMID: 36684041 PMCID: PMC9854009 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2021.132578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A bidentate monoanionic ligand system was developed to enable iridium catalyzed C(sp3)-H activation borylation of N-methyl amides. Borylated amides were obtained in moderate to good isolated yields, and exclusive mono-borylation allowed the amide to be the limiting reagent. Selectivity for C(sp3)-H activation was demonstrated in the presence of sterically available C(sp3)-H bonds. Competitive kinetic isotope studies revealed a large primary isotope effect, implicating C-H activation as the rate limiting step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan E. Dannatt
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA,Department of Chemistry, University of Dallas, 1845 East Northgate Drive, Irving, TX, 75062, USA
| | - Anshu Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA
| | - Milton R. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA,Corresponding author. (M.R. Smith), (R.E. Maleczka)
| | - Robert E. Maleczka
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 South Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824-1322, USA,Corresponding author
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17
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Ishimota M, Tomiyama N. Generational sensitivity alteration in Chironomus yoshimatsui to carbamate and pharmaceutical chemicals and the effect on Catalase, CYP450, and hemoglobin gene transcription. Ecotoxicology 2021; 30:2119-2131. [PMID: 34623547 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-021-02484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To ascertain the tolerance mechanisms of aquatic organisms to artificial chemicals, intergenerational sensitivity changes of Chironomus yoshimatsui to a carbamate pesticide (pirimicarb) and pharmaceutical chemical (diazepam) were investigated. The larvae (<48-h-old) in each generation were exposed to both chemicals for 48 h and then the surviving chironomids were cultured until the fifth generation (F0-F4) without chemical addition. The 48-h 50% effective concentration (EC50) value of chironomids was determined for each generation. In the pirimicarb treatment group, the EC50 values significantly increased in F3 and F4, and those in the diazepam treatment group slightly increased. Catalase, Cytochrome P450 and hemoglobin (Hb) mRNA levels were monitored to see whether these were related to the trans-generational sensitivity. Although the generalized linear model results showed that the sensitivity to diazepam was slightly increased in the diazepam treatment, we could not find any mRNA levels related to sensitivity alteration. In contrast, the model approach showed that the chironomids exposed to pirimicarb trans-generationally became tolerant with increasing Hb mRNA levels. Therefore, they might decrease their chemical stress by modifying Hb gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Ishimota
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Naruto Tomiyama
- The Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Laboratory of Residue Analysis II, Chemistry Division, Joso-shi, Ibaraki, Japan
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18
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Asif M, Sajid H, Ayub K, Khan AA, Ahmad R, Ans M, Mahmood T. Nano-porous C 4N as a toxic pesticide's scavenger: A quantum chemical approach. J Mol Graph Model 2021; 111:108078. [PMID: 34826716 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2021.108078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The sensing affinity of C4N is the most fascinating topic of research due to its excellent chemical and electronic properties. Moreover, owing to the highly active porous cavity, C4N can easily accommodate foreign molecules. Herein, we studied the adsorption properties of carbamate insecticides (CMs) namely, Dimetalin (DMT), Carbanolate (CBT), Isolan (ISO) and Propoxur (PRO) using density functional theory calculations. All the results are calculated at widely accepted ωB97XD functional along with 6-31G(d, p) basis set. The calculated counterpoise corrected interaction energy of the reported complexes ranges between -20.05 and -27.04 kcal/mol, however, the interaction distances are found to be higher than 2.00 Å. The values of interacting parameters depict that the carbamate molecules are physisorbed via noncovalent interactions that can easily be reversible. Moreover, the binding of selected insecticides notably changes the electronic structure of C4N. The electronic changes are characterized by the energies of HOMO & LUMO, their energy gaps and CHELPG charge transfer. The charge density difference between C4N surface and carbamate pesticides are characterized by EDD and CDA analysis. Moreover, the ab initio molecular dynamic study reveals that the complexes are stable even at 500 K. The photochemical sensing properties of C4N are estimated by time dependent UV-Vis calculations. The high sensitivity of C4N towards considered analytes enable it to act as a promising sensor for toxic pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misbah Asif
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Hasnain Sajid
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham, NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Khurshid Ayub
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Ali Khan
- Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Malakand, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Ahmad
- Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Malakand, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Mahmood
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan; Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Bahrain, P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain.
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19
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Mishra S, Pang S, Zhang W, Lin Z, Bhatt P, Chen S. Insights into the microbial degradation and biochemical mechanisms of carbamates. Chemosphere 2021; 279:130500. [PMID: 33892453 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Carbamate compounds are commonly applied in agricultural sectors as alternative options to the recalcitrant organochlorine pesticides due to their easier breakdown and less persistent nature. However, the large-scale use of carbamates also leads to toxic environmental residues, causing severe toxicity in various living systems. The toxic effects of carbamates are due to their inhibitor activity against the acetylchlolinesterase enzyme. This enzyme is crucial for neurotransmission signaling in living beings. Hence, from the environmental point of view, the elimination of carbamates is a worldwide concern and priority. Microbial technology can be deliberated as a potential tool that can work efficiently and as an ecofriendly option for the dissipation of carbamate insecticides from contaminated environments by improving biodegradation processes via metabolic activities of microorganisms. A variety of bacterial and fungal species have been isolated and characterized and are capable of degrading a broad range of carbamates in soil and water environments. In addition, microbial carbamate hydrolase genes (mcd, cehA, cahA, cfdJ, and mcbA) were strongly implicated in the evolution of new metabolic functions and carbamate hydrolase enzymes. However, the accurate localization and appropriate functions of carbamate hydrolase enzymes/genes are very limited. To explore the information on the degradation routes of carbamates and promote the application of biodegradation, a study of molecular techniques is required to unlock insights regarding the degradation specific genes and enzymes. Hence, this review discusses the deep understanding of carbamate degradation mechanisms with microbial strains, metabolic pathways, molecular mechanisms, and their genetic basis in degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Mishra
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shimei Pang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Wenping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ziqiu Lin
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Pankaj Bhatt
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Shaohua Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Microbial Signals and Disease Control, Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China; Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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Penthala NR, Balasubramaniam M, Dachavaram SS, Morris EJ, Bhat-Nakshatri P, Ponder J, Jordan CT, Nakshatri H, Crooks PA. Antitumor properties of novel sesquiterpene lactone analogs as NFκB inhibitors that bind to the IKKβ ubiquitin-like domain (ULD). Eur J Med Chem 2021; 224:113675. [PMID: 34229108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Melampomagnolide B (MMB, 3) is a parthenolide (PTL, 1) based sesquiterpene lactone that has been used as a template for the synthesis of a plethora of lead anticancer agents owing to its reactive C-10 primary hydroxyl group. Such compounds have been shown to inhibit the IKKβ subunit, preventing phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic IκB inhibitory complex. The present study focuses on the synthesis and in vitro antitumor properties of novel benzyl and phenethyl carbamates of MMB (7a-7k). Screening of these MMB carbamates identified analogs with potent growth inhibition properties against a panel of 60 human cancer cell lines (71% of the molecules screened had GI50 values < 2 μM). Two analogs, the benzyl carbamate 7b and the phenethyl carbamate7k, were the most active compounds. Lead compound 7b inhibited cell proliferation in M9 ENL AML cells, and in TMD-231, OV-MD-231 and SUM149 breast cancer cell lines. Interestingly, mechanistic studies showed that 7b did not inhibit p65 phosphorylation in M9 ENL AML and OV-MD-231 cells, but did inhibit phophorylation of both p65 and IκBα in SUM149 cells. 7b also reduced NFκB binding to DNA in both OV-MD-231 and SUM149 cells. Molecular docking studies indicated that 7b and 7k are both predicted to interact with the ubiquitin-like domain (ULD) of the IKKβ subunit. These data suggest that in SUM149 cells, 7b is likely acting as an allosteric inhibitor of IKKβ, whereas in M9 ENL AML and OV-MD-231 cells 7b is able to inhibit an event after IκB/p65/p50 phosphorylation by IKKβ that leads to inhibition of NFκB activation and reduction in NFκB-DNA binding. Analog 7b was by far the most potent compound in either carbamate series, and was considered an important lead compound for further optimization and development as an anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narsimha R Penthala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States
| | - Meenakshisundaram Balasubramaniam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States
| | - Soma Shekar Dachavaram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States
| | - Earl J Morris
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States
| | - Poornima Bhat-Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Jessica Ponder
- Division of Hematology and University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States
| | - Craig T Jordan
- Division of Hematology and University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, 80045, United States
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States
| | - Peter A Crooks
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, United States.
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Ullah I, Wazir S, Abbas N, Naeem M, Abdullah K, Mahmood Z, Rashid MU, Hafez AM. Monitoring of field-evolved resistance to flonicamid, neonicotinoid, and conventional insecticides in the Oxycarenus hyalinipennis costa. Environ Monit Assess 2021; 193:382. [PMID: 34089115 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09158-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa is a polyphagous insect pest and can develop insecticide resistance. The resistance of O. hyalinipennis to neonicotinoids (clothianidin and dinotefuran), flonicamid, and conventional insecticides; carbamates (methomyl and carbosulfon), organophosphates (chlorpyrifos and malathion), and pyrethroids (cypermethrin and zeta-cypermethrin) was evaluated. The O. hyalinipennis populations were sampled from four locations in Pakistan and performed bioassays against the insecticides by leaf dip protocol. The O. hyalinipennis' populations showed low resistance to carbosulfan (resistance ratio (RR) = 2.06-6.34) and methomyl (RR = 2.78-7.27), moderate to high resistance to chlorpyrifos (RR = 30-45), malathion (RR = 20.29-88.19), and flonicamid (RR = 14.24-46.97), in comparison with the susceptible strain. Susceptibility to low resistance against cypermethrin (RR = 1.27-2.82), zeta-cypermethrin (RR = 2.62-3.38), and clothianidin (RR = 1.74-3.40), and low to moderate resistance to dinotefuran (RR = 3.84-13.43) in the field populations, was observed compared to the susceptible strain. A rotational usage of carbamates and pyrethroids with an integrated pest management tool should be considered to deal with O. hyalinipennis' insecticide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inam Ullah
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Shabana Wazir
- Entomology Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Abbas
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Khalid Abdullah
- Entomology Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Mahmood
- Entomology Section, Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mamoon-Ur Rashid
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | - Abdulwahab M Hafez
- Department of Plant Protection, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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22
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Yamazaki DAS, Rozada AMF, Baréa P, Reis EC, Basso EA, Sarragiotto MH, Seixas FAV, Gauze GF. Novel arylcarbamate-N-acylhydrazones derivatives as promising BuChE inhibitors: Design, synthesis, molecular modeling and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 32:115991. [PMID: 33440318 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of arylcarbamate-N-acylhydrazones derivatives have been designed and synthesized as potential anti-cholinesterase agents. In vitro studies revealed that these compounds demonstrated selective for butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) with potent inhibitory activity. The compounds 10a-d, 12b and 12d were the most potent BuChE inhibitors with IC50 values of 0.07-2.07 µM, highlighting the compound 10c (IC50 = 0.07 µM) which showed inhibitory activity 50 times greater than the reference drug donepezil (IC50 = 3.54 µM). The activity data indicates that the position of the carbamate group in the aromatic ring has a greater influence on the inhibitory activity of the derivatives. The enzyme kinetics studies indicate that the compound 10c has a non-competitive inhibition against BuChE with Ki value of 0.097 mM. Molecular modeling studies corroborated the in vitro inhibitory mode of interaction and show that compound 10c is stabilized into hBuChE by strong hydrogen bond interaction with Tyr128, π-π stacking interaction with Trp82 and CH⋯O interactions with His438, Gly121 and Glu197. Based on these data, compound10cwas identified as low-cost promising candidate for a drug prototype for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A S Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Andrew M F Rozada
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Paula Baréa
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Elaine C Reis
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | - Ernani A Basso
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Flávio A V Seixas
- Department of Technology, State University of Maringá, Umuarama, PR, Brazil
| | - Gisele F Gauze
- Department of Chemistry, State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil.
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Ammazzalorso A, Gallorini M, Fantacuzzi M, Gambacorta N, De Filippis B, Giampietro L, Maccallini C, Nicolotti O, Cataldi A, Amoroso R. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of imidazole and triazole-based carbamates as novel aromatase inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 211:113115. [PMID: 33360796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the search for novel aromatase inhibitors, a series of triazole and imidazole-based carbamate derivatives were designed and synthesized. Final compounds were thus evaluated against human aromatase by in vitro kinetic experiments in a fluorimetric assay in comparison with letrozole. The effect of most active derivatives 13a and 15c was then evaluated in vitro on the human breast cancer cell line MCF7 by MTT assay, cytotoxicity assay (LDH release) and cell cycle analysis, revealing a dose-dependent inhibition profile of cell viability and low micromolar IC50 values. In addition, docking simulations were also carried out to elucidate at a molecular level of detail the binding modes adopted to target human aromatase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Ammazzalorso
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Marialucia Gallorini
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marialuigia Fantacuzzi
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nicola Gambacorta
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Farmacia-Scienze Del Farmaco, "A. Moro" University, Bari, Italy
| | - Barbara De Filippis
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Letizia Giampietro
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Cristina Maccallini
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Orazio Nicolotti
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Farmacia-Scienze Del Farmaco, "A. Moro" University, Bari, Italy
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Unit of Anatomy, Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Rosa Amoroso
- Unit of Medicinal Chemistry, Department of Pharmacy, "G. D'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
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Baswar D, Sharma A, Mishra A. In silico Screening of Pyridoxine Carbamates for Anti-Alzheimer's Activities. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem 2020; 21:39-52. [PMID: 33213353 DOI: 10.2174/1871524920666201119144535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD), an irreversible complex neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common type of dementia, with progressive loss of cholinergic neurons. Based on the multi-factorial etiology of Alzheimer's disease, novel ligands strategy appears as an up-coming approach for the development of newer molecules against AD. This study is envisaged to investigate anti-Alzheimer's potential of 10 synthesized compounds. The screening of compounds (1-10) was carried out using in silico techniques. METHODS For in silico screening of physicochemical properties of compounds, Molinspiration property engine v.2018.03, Swiss ADME online web-server and pkCSM ADME were used. For pharmacodynamic prediction, PASS software was used, while the toxicity profile of compounds was analyzed through ProTox-II online software. Simultaneously, molecular docking analysis was performed on mouse AChE enzyme (PDB ID:2JGE, obtained from RSCB PDB) using Auto Dock Tools 1.5.6. RESULTS Based on in silico studies, compound 9 and 10 have been found to have better druglikeness, LD50 value, better anti-Alzheimer's, and nootropic activities. However, these compounds had poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Compounds 4 and 9 were predicted with a better docking score for the AChE enzyme. CONCLUSION The outcome of in silico studies has suggested, out of various substitutions at different positions of pyridoxine-carbamate, compound 9 has shown promising drug-likeness, with better safety and efficacy profile for anti-Alzheimer's activity. However, BBB permeability appears as one of the major limitations of all these compounds. Further studies are required to confirm its biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dnyaneshwar Baswar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow-226002, U.P., India
| | - Abha Sharma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow-226002, U.P., India
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli (NIPER-R), Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow-226002, U.P., India
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25
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Salazar-Flores J, Pacheco-Moisés FP, Ortiz GG, Torres-Jasso JH, Romero-Rentería O, Briones-Torres AL, Torres-Sánchez ED. Occupational exposure to organophosphorus and carbamates in farmers in La Cienega, Jalisco, Mexico: oxidative stress and membrane fluidity markers. J Occup Med Toxicol 2020; 15:32. [PMID: 33133223 PMCID: PMC7594453 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-020-00283-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The region of La Cienega in Jalisco Mexico, is an important agricultural reference for the production of corn, sorghum and wheat, among other grains, so the use of pesticides for pest control is high. However, in this rural area there are no toxicological studies that assess the occupational risk of pesticide use. Therefore, this study is the first to determine the oxidative stress levels markers (GSH, GSSG, carbonyl groups, nitric oxide metabolites and lipid peroxides) as well as alteration of the mitochondrial membrane fluidity caused by occupational exposure to organophosphorus and carbamates in farmers of this region. This occupational risk can increase cellular oxidation, which explains the high prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases and cancer in Cienega settlers to be analyzed in future studies. Methods Comparative cross-sectional study was performed using two groups: one not exposed group (n = 93) and another one with occupational exposure (n = 113). The latter group was sub-divided into 4 groups based on duration of use/exposure to pesticides. Oxidative stress levels and membrane fluidity were assessed using spectrophotometric methods. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software ver. 19.0 for windows. Results The most commonly used pesticides were organophosphorus, carbamates, herbicide-type glyphosate and paraquat, with an average occupational exposure time of 35.3 years. There were statistically significant differences in markers of oxidative stress between exposed farmers and not exposed group (p = 0.000). However, in most cases, no significant differences were found in markers of oxidative stress among the 4 exposure sub-groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion In the Cienega region, despite the indiscriminate use of organophosphorus and carbamates, there are no previous studies of levels oxidative stress. The results show increased levels of oxidative stress in occupationally exposed farmers, particularly membrane fluidity levels increased three times in contrast to not exposed group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Salazar-Flores
- Department of Medical Sciences and Life, CUCIENEGA, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan, Jalisco Mexico
| | | | - Genaro G Ortiz
- Department of Philosophical and Methodological Discipline, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Juan H Torres-Jasso
- Department of Biological Sciences, CUCOSTA, University of Guadalajara, Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Odette Romero-Rentería
- Department of Medical Sciences and Life, CUCIENEGA, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Ana L Briones-Torres
- Department of Chemistry, CUCEI, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco Mexico
| | - Erandis D Torres-Sánchez
- Department of Medical Sciences and Life, CUCIENEGA, University of Guadalajara, Ocotlan, Jalisco Mexico
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He Z, Wu D, Vessally E. Cross-dehydrogenative Coupling Reactions Between Formamidic C(sp 2)-H and X-H (X = C, O, N) Bonds. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2020; 378:46. [PMID: 32975616 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00309-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, the scientific community has witnessed explosive growth in research on the direct carbamoylation of C-H and X-H (X = N, O) bonds with formamides via cross-dehydrogenative coupling reactions. This novel approach is an effective means of preparing a variety of carboxamide, carbamate as well as urea derivatives, which are prevalent in medicinal chemistry and natural product synthesis. This review elaborates the most important advances and developments in the field, with an emphasis on the reaction patterns and mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe He
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China
| | - Dan Wu
- School of Environment, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
| | - Esmail Vessally
- Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
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Gosecki M, Setälä H, Virtanen T, Ryan AJ. A facile method to control the phase behavior of hydroxypropyl cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 251:117015. [PMID: 33152849 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We report a facile chemical method to convert the hydroxyl groups of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) into carbamates. It was achieved by the reaction of HPC with N-methyl carbamoylimidazole, which is a safe and easy to handle replacement for the particularly hazardous reagent methyl isocyanate. Using a series of HPC with a range of molar substitution of hydroxypropyl groups, we synthesized HPC methylcarbamates showing lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in the range between 94 and 15 °C. A linear dependence of LCST versus methylcarbamate degree of substitution is observed. The lower the initial hydroxypropyl content of HPC, the greater the effect of methylcarbamate on the LCST. Surface tension study showed that methylcarbamate modification has an insignificant effect on the hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance of the macromolecules below LCST unless the molecular substitution of hydroxypropyl groups is so low (0.8) that the native cellulose OH groups can react with N-methyl carbamoylimidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Gosecki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK; Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies, Polish Academy of Sciences Sienkiewicza 112, 90-363, Lodz, Poland.
| | - Harri Setälä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, FI-02044, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Tommi Virtanen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, FI-02044, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Anthony J Ryan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Brook Hill, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, S3 7HF, UK.
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Abstract
Background Carbofuran is a widely used broad-spectrum pesticide that, despite strict regulation and being banned for more than a decade, is still encountered in cases of intentional poisoning in dogs and wildlife. The objective of the study was to provide a complete and detailed description of the pathological, histological and toxicological findings of 7 cases of intentional carbofuran poisoning in dogs. Results In this retrospective study, 7 cases of carbofuran intoxication recorded from July 2015 to June 2017 were analyzed. Following complete history recording, all cases were examined by complete necropsy and histopathology. Carbofuran intoxication was confirmed in all cases by gas chromatography. The postmortem examination revealed extensive hemorrhaging and congestion located mainly within the respiratory, nervous and cardiovascular systems, accompanied by degeneration and necrosis within the lungs, heart, and kidneys. Conclusions Although carbamates have been banned in the European Union, carbamate poisoning is still frequently encountered, especially in wild animals. This paper will contribute to a better understanding of the occurrence and pathogenesis of acute carbofuran exposure in dogs and contribute some peculiar pathological features of this type of poisoning to the current literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalma Pivariu
- Department of Veterinary Toxicology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian-Nechita Oros
- Department of Veterinary Toxicology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Flaviu Tabaran
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Adrian Gal
- Department of Veterinary Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristian Martonos
- Department of Veterinary Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andras-Laszlo Nagy
- Department of Veterinary Toxicology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 3-5 Mănăştur Street, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Krátký M, Jaklová K, Štěpánková Š, Svrčková K, Pflégr V, Vinšová J. N-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzamide Analogues: Novel Acetyl- and Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Curr Top Med Chem 2020; 20:2094-2105. [PMID: 32814530 DOI: 10.2174/1568026620666200819154722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of acetyl- (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibitors belongs to viable strategies for the treatment of dementia and other diseases related to decrease in cholinergic neurotransmission. OBJECTIVE That is why we designed twenty-two analogues of a dual AChEBuChE salicylanilide inhibitor, N-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5-bromo-2-hydroxybenzamide 1, to improve its potency. METHODS We prepared N,N-disubstituted (thio)carbamates via direct acylation with (thio)carbamoyl chloride, N-n-alkyl monosubstituted carbamates using isocyanates as well as its salicylanilide core analogues. The derivatives were evaluated in vitro against AChE from electric eel and BuChE from equine serum using spectrophotometric Ellman's method. RESULTS The compounds showed moderate inhibition of both AChE and BuChE with IC50 from 18.2 to 196.6 μmol.L-1 and 9.2 to 196.2 μmol.L-1, respectively. Importantly, based on the substitution pattern, it is possible to modulate selectivity against AChE or BuChE and some derivatives also produced a balanced inhibition. In general, the most promising analogues were N-alkyl (C2-C6) carbamates and isomers with a changed position of phenolic hydroxyl. N-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-bromo-5- hydroxybenzamide 4a was the best inhibitor of both cholinesterases. CONCLUSION A wide range of the derivatives improved the activity of the hit 1, they were superior to carbamate drug rivastigmine against AChE and some of them also against BuChE. The most promising derivatives also fit physicochemical space and structural features for CNS drugs together with an escalated lipophilicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Krátký
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Jaklová
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, J. E. Purkinje University, Ceske mladeze 8, 400 96 Ústi nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Štěpánková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Katarína Svrčková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Studentska 573, 532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Pflégr
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Vinšová
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Sant'Anna MVS, Carvalho SWMM, Gevaerd A, Silva JOS, Santos E, Carregosa ISC, Wisniewski A, Marcolino-Junior LH, Bergamini MF, Sussuchi EM. Electrochemical sensor based on biochar and reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite for carbendazim determination. Talanta 2020; 220:121334. [PMID: 32928384 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, a nanocomposite based on biochar and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was employed to construct a modified carbon paste electrode and applied for the determination of carbendazim (CBZ). Biochar was obtained by through pyrolysis of Eichhornia crassipes biomass, also known how "Aguapé" at 400 °C. The modified electrode with our nanocomposite proposal shows to be able to preconcentrate CBZ and presented the highest analytical response in comparison to the unmodified electrode and by the electrodes prepared with the proposed materials separately. Using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) under optimized conditions, the sensor showed a linear dynamic response (LDR) from 30 to 900 nmol L-1, a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.3 nmol L-1 and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 7.7 nmol L-1. No significant influence of inorganic ions or organic compounds on sensor response was verified, considering the recovery evaluation data. The proposed sensor was successfully applied for the determination of CBZ in spiked whole orange juice, lettuce leaves, drinking water, and wastewater samples. Good recovery values were found using the ex-situ methodology, showing excellent analytical performance of the electrochemical sensor based on biochar and rGO nanocomposite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mércia V S Sant'Anna
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), CEP 49.100-000, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil; Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia (LCNT), Núcleo de Competência Em Petróleo e Gás de Sergipe (NUPEG), Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), CEP 49.100-000, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil.
| | - Sanny W M M Carvalho
- Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia (LCNT), Núcleo de Competência Em Petróleo e Gás de Sergipe (NUPEG), Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), CEP 49.100-000, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil.
| | - Ava Gevaerd
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Jonatas O S Silva
- Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia (LCNT), Núcleo de Competência Em Petróleo e Gás de Sergipe (NUPEG), Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), CEP 49.100-000, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil.
| | - Ewerton Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), CEP 49.100-000, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil.
| | - Ingred S C Carregosa
- Grupo de Pesquisa Em Petróleo e Energia da Biomassa (PEB), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), CEP 49.100-000, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil.
| | - Alberto Wisniewski
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), CEP 49.100-000, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil; Grupo de Pesquisa Em Petróleo e Energia da Biomassa (PEB), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), CEP 49.100-000, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil.
| | - Luiz H Marcolino-Junior
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Márcio F Bergamini
- Laboratório de Sensores Eletroquímicos (LabSensE), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Do Paraná (UFPR), CEP 81.531-980, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
| | - Eliana Midori Sussuchi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Química, Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), CEP 49.100-000, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil; Laboratório de Corrosão e Nanotecnologia (LCNT), Núcleo de Competência Em Petróleo e Gás de Sergipe (NUPEG), Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS), CEP 49.100-000, São Cristovão, SE, Brazil.
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Janowska JI, Piel S, Saliba N, Kim CD, Jang DH, Karlsson M, Kilbaugh TJ, Ehinger JK. Mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I dysfunction induced by N-methyl carbamate ex vivo can be alleviated with a cell-permeable succinate prodrug. Toxicol In Vitro 2020; 65:104794. [PMID: 32057835 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2020.104794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human exposure to carbamates and organophosphates poses a serious threat to society and current pharmacological treatment is solely targeting the compounds' inhibitory effect on acetylcholinesterase. This toxicological pathway, responsible for acute symptom presentation, can be counteracted with currently available therapies such as atropine and oximes. However, there is still significant long-term morbidity and mortality. We propose mitochondrial dysfunction as an additional cellular mechanism of carbamate toxicity and suggest pharmacological targeting of mitochondria to overcome acute metabolic decompensation. Here, we investigated the effects on mitochondrial respiratory function of N-succinimidyl N-methylcarbamate (NSNM), a surrogate for carbamate insecticides, ex vivo in human platelets. Characterization of the mitochondrial toxicity of NSNM in platelets revealed a dose-dependent decrease in mitochondral oxygen consumption linked to respiratory chain complex I while the pathway through complex II was unaffected. In intact platelets, an increase in lactate production was seen, due to a compensatory shift towards anaerobic metabolism. Treatment with a cell-permeable succinate prodrug restored the NSNM-induced (100 μM) decrease in mitochondrial oxygen consumption and normalized lactate production to the level of control. We have demonstrated that carbamate-induced mitochondrial complex I dysfunction can be alleviated with a mitochondrial targeted countermeasure: a cell-permeable prodrug of the mitochondrial complex II substrate succinate.
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Adesanya AW, Waters TD, Lavine MD, Walsh DB, Lavine LC, Zhu F. Multiple insecticide resistance in onion thrips populations from Western USA. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2020; 165:104553. [PMID: 32359535 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Thrips tabaci is a key pest of onions, especially in the Pacific Northwestern USA. Management of T. tabaci is dominated by the application of various insecticides. However, T. tabaci is known to develop insecticide resistance which possibly leads to control failures, crop loss, and environmental concern. Here, we evaluated resistance status of T. tabaci populations from conventional and organic commercial onion fields to three widely used insecticides: oxamyl, methomyl, and abamectin with on-field concentration-mortality bioassays. The biochemistry and molecular mechanisms underlying resistance to these insecticides were also investigated by using enzymatic assays and detecting resistance-associated mutations. Field-evolved resistance to oxamyl, methomyl and abamectin were detected in most of the T. tabaci populations collected from conventional onion farms. At the labeled field rate, all the tested insecticides, particularly methomyl and oxamyl, had significantly reduced efficacy. Enzymatic assays of insecticide target and detoxification enzymes indicated that T. tabaci populations in Western USA onions harbor multiple mechanisms of resistance including enhanced activities of detoxification enzymes and target site insensitivity. Our results provide new information in understanding the dynamics of T. tabaci adaptation to multiple insecticides, which will help to design sustainable insecticide resistance management strategies for T. tabaci. Furthermore, this study provides the foundation for future research in identifying the biochemical and molecular markers associated with insecticide resistance in T. tabaci.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adekunle W Adesanya
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA; Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
| | - Timothy D Waters
- Washington State University Area Extension, Pasco, WA 99301, USA
| | - Mark D Lavine
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA; Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Doug B Walsh
- Irrigated Agriculture Research and Extension Center, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USA; Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Laura C Lavine
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Fang Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Tangena JAA, Hendriks CMJ, Devine M, Tammaro M, Trett AE, Williams I, DePina AJ, Sisay A, Herizo R, Kafy HT, Chizema E, Were A, Rozier J, Coleman M, Moyes CL. Indoor residual spraying for malaria control in sub-Saharan Africa 1997 to 2017: an adjusted retrospective analysis. Malar J 2020; 19:150. [PMID: 32276585 PMCID: PMC7149868 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-020-03216-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoor residual spraying (IRS) is a key tool for controlling and eliminating malaria by targeting vectors. To support the development of effective intervention strategies it is important to understand the impact of vector control tools on malaria incidence and on the spread of insecticide resistance. In 2006, the World Health Organization (WHO) stated that countries should report on coverage and impact of IRS, yet IRS coverage data are still sparse and unspecific. Here, the subnational coverage of IRS across sub-Saharan Africa for the four main insecticide classes from 1997 to 2017 were estimated. METHODS Data on IRS deployment were collated from a variety of sources, including the President's Malaria Initiative spray reports and National Malaria Control Programme reports, for all 46 malaria-endemic countries in sub-Saharan Africa from 1997 to 2017. The data were mapped to the applicable administrative divisions and the proportion of households sprayed for each of the four main insecticide classes; carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates and pyrethroids was calculated. RESULTS The number of countries implementing IRS increased considerably over time, although the focal nature of deployment means the number of people protected remains low. From 1997 to 2010, DDT and pyrethroids were commonly used, then partly replaced by carbamates from 2011 and by organophosphates from 2013. IRS deployment since the publication of resistance management guidelines has typically avoided overlap between pyrethroid IRS and ITN use. However, annual rotations of insecticide classes with differing modes of action are not routinely used. CONCLUSION This study highlights the gaps between policy and practice, emphasizing the continuing potential of IRS to drive resistance. The data presented here can improve studies on the impact of IRS on malaria incidence and help to guide future malaria control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie-Anne A Tangena
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
| | - Chantal M J Hendriks
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Maria Devine
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Meghan Tammaro
- President's Malaria Initiative Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project, Abt Associates, 6130 Executive Blvd, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Anna E Trett
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Ignatius Williams
- Monitoring, & Evaluation Department, AngloGold Ashanti Malaria Limited, AO0540595 Obuasi Mine Road, P. O. Box 10, Obuasi, Ghana
| | - Adilson José DePina
- Malaria Pre-Elimination Program, CCS-SIDA/MSSS, Avenida Cidade Lisboa, "Prédio Bô Casa" 1º Andar, CP, 855, Praia, Cabo Verde
- Ecole Doctorale Des Sciences de La Vie, de la Santé et de l´Environnement (ED‑SEV), Université Cheikh Anta Diop (UCAD) de Dakar, BP 1386, Dakar, Sénégal
| | | | - Ramandimbiarijaona Herizo
- Programme national de lutte contre le paludisme, Androhibe en face ENAM, BP 101, Antananarivo, Madagascar
| | - Hmooda Toto Kafy
- Integrated Vector Management Department, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Elizabeth Chizema
- National Malaria Elimination Centre, Chainama Hills Hospital Grounds, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - Allan Were
- President's Malaria Initiative Africa Indoor Residual Spraying Project, Abt Associates, 6130 Executive Blvd, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Jennifer Rozier
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Michael Coleman
- Vector Biology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK
| | - Catherine L Moyes
- Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LF, UK.
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Fareed A, Riaz S, Nawaz I, Iqbal M, Ahmed R, Hussain J, Hussain A, Rashid A, Naqvi TA. Immobilized cells of a novel bacterium increased the degradation of N-methylated carbamates under low temperature conditions. Heliyon 2019; 5:e02740. [PMID: 31768430 PMCID: PMC6872827 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbamates are synthetic pesticides, extensively used throughout the world due to their broad specificity against various insect pests. However, their enormous and inadequate use have made them a potential threat to the environment. At low temperature, degradation of carbamates becomes difficult mainly because of low biological activity. In the present study, we isolated a bacterial strain from a low temperature climate where the N-methylated carbamates are used for crop protection. The bacterium, was identified as Pseudomonas plecoglossicida strain (TA3) by 16S rRNA analysis. Degradation experiments with both free and immobilized cells in minimal salt medium indicated that the strain TA3 utilized carbaryl, carbofuran and aldicarb as both carbon and nitrogen source. TA3 can grow well at 4 °C and demonstrated the ability to degrade three carbamates (50 μgml-1) at low temperature. The immobilized cells were found more efficient than their free cells counter parts. Immobilized cells has ability to degrade 100% of carbamates at 30 °C while 80% at 4 °C but incase of their free cells counter parts the efficiency to degrade carbamates was less which was 60% at 4 °C and 80% at 30 °C. TA3 free cellsextract also depicted high activity against all the three carbamates even at 4 °C indicating a possible enzymatic mechanism of degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Fareed
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Sania Riaz
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Ismat Nawaz
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Raza Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Jamshaid Hussain
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Hussain
- Department of Agriculture and Food Technology, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rashid
- Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Tatheer Alam Naqvi
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan
- Corresponding author.
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Plaza PI, Martínez-López E, Lambertucci SA. The perfect threat: Pesticides and vultures. Sci Total Environ 2019; 687:1207-1218. [PMID: 31412456 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Probably the most important threat currently affecting vultures worldwide is exposure to pesticides, both accidentally and through deliberate abuse. This is of special concern since around 70% of vulture species are threatened by human activities. However, information about this threat is sparse and geographically biased. We compiled existing knowledge about pesticide exposure in vulture species globally, providing unifying criteria to mitigate this problem with a joint global effort. Most information available about accidental exposure to pesticides in vultures is related to organochlorine pesticides. Non-lethal exposure to these compounds occurs on every continent that vultures inhabit. While concentrations of organochlorine pesticides reported in different samples appear to be too low to produce health impacts, some studies show vultures with levels compatible with health impacts. In addition, there are some reports of vultures contaminated accidentally by anticoagulant rodenticides and external antiparasitic drugs used in veterinary practices. Deliberate abuse of pesticides to poison wildlife also occurs on every continent where vultures live, affecting most (78%) vulture species. However, little information is available for some regions of America, Asia and Europe. The exact number of vultures killed due to deliberate poisoning with pesticides is not well known, but the available figures are alarming (e.g. up to 500 individuals in a single event). The most widely used pesticides affecting vulture populations, and associated with deliberate poisoning, are carbamates and organophosphorus compounds. Of particular concern is the fact that massive poisoning events with these compounds occur, in some cases, within protected areas. This suggests that if this situation is not reversed, some vulture populations could disappear. A combination of measures such as banning pesticides, controlling their distribution-acquisition and environmental education could produce better results that banning pesticides alone. If poisoning with pesticides is not stopped, this threatened avian group could inadvertently go extinct very soon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo I Plaza
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (Universidad Nacional del Comahue - CONICET), Quintral 1250 (R8400FRF), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.
| | - Emma Martínez-López
- Area of Toxicology, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain; Laboratory of Toxicology, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), University of Murcia, Spain
| | - Sergio A Lambertucci
- Grupo de Investigaciones en Biología de la Conservación, Laboratorio Ecotono, INIBIOMA (Universidad Nacional del Comahue - CONICET), Quintral 1250 (R8400FRF), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina
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Piel C, Pouchieu C, Carles C, Béziat B, Boulanger M, Bureau M, Busson A, Grüber A, Lecluse Y, Migault L, Renier M, Rondeau V, Schwall X, Tual S, Pierre L, Baldi I. Agricultural exposures to carbamate herbicides and fungicides and central nervous system tumour incidence in the cohort AGRICAN. Environ Int 2019; 130:104876. [PMID: 31344646 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticides exposures could be implicated in the excess of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors observed in farmers, but evidence concerning individual pesticides remains limited. Carbamate derivative pesticides, including herbicides and fungicides (i.e. (thio/dithio)-carbamates), have shown evidence of carcinogenicity in experimental studies in animals. In the French AGRICAN cohort, we assessed the associations between potential exposures to carbamate herbicides and fungicides and the incidence of CNS tumors, overall and by histological subtype. METHODS AGRICAN enrolled 181,842 participants involved in agriculture. Incident CNS tumors were identified by linkage with cancer registries from enrollment (2005-2007) until 2013. Individual exposures were assessed by combining information on lifetime periods of pesticide use on crops and the French crop-exposure matrix PESTIMAT, for each of the 14 carbamate and thiocarbamate herbicides and the 16 carbamate and dithiocarbamate fungicides registered in France since 1950. Associations were estimated using proportional hazard models with age as the underlying timescale, adjusting for gender, educational level and smoking. RESULTS During an average follow-up of 6.9 years, 381 incident cases of CNS tumors occurred, including 164 gliomas and 134 meningiomas. Analyses showed increased risks of CNS tumors with overall exposure to carbamate fungicides (Hazard Ratio, HR = 1.88; 95% CI: 1.27-2.79) and, to a lesser extent, to carbamate herbicides (HR = 1.44; 95% CI: 0.94-2.22). Positive associations were observed with specific carbamates, including some fungicides (mancozeb, maneb, metiram) and herbicides (chlorpropham, propham, diallate) already suspected of being carcinogens in humans. CONCLUSIONS Although some associations need to be corroborate in further studies and should be interpreted cautiously, these findings provide additional carcinogenicity evidence for several carbamate fungicides and herbicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Piel
- EPICENE team, ISPED, U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Pouchieu
- EPICENE team, ISPED, U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Camille Carles
- EPICENE team, ISPED, U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine du Travail et Pathologies Professionnelles, Bordeaux, France
| | - Béatrix Béziat
- EPICENE team, ISPED, U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Boulanger
- INSERM, U1086 Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France; Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Mathilde Bureau
- EPICENE team, ISPED, U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Amandine Busson
- INSERM, U1086 Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France; Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Anne Grüber
- EPICENE team, ISPED, U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Yannick Lecluse
- INSERM, U1086 Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France; Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Lucile Migault
- EPICENE team, ISPED, U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marine Renier
- INSERM, U1086 Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France; Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Virginie Rondeau
- EPICENE team, ISPED, U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xavier Schwall
- EPICENE team, ISPED, U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Séverine Tual
- INSERM, U1086 Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France; Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Lebailly Pierre
- INSERM, U1086 Anticipe Axe Cancers et Préventions, Caen, France; Université de Caen Normandie, Caen, France; Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Isabelle Baldi
- EPICENE team, ISPED, U1219 INSERM, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Registre des tumeurs primitives du système nerveux central de la Gironde, ISPED, Centre INSERM U1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine du Travail et Pathologies Professionnelles, Bordeaux, France.
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Cao J, Wang M, She Y, Abd El-Aty AM, Hacımüftüoğlu A, Wang J, Yan M, Hong S, Lao S, Wang Y. Rapid colorimetric determination of the pesticides carbofuran and dichlorvos by exploiting their inhibitory effect on the aggregation of peroxidase-mimicking platinum nanoparticles. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:390. [PMID: 31152243 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel and highly sensitive enzyme inhibition assay was developed for the rapid detection of the organophosphate pesticide dichlorvos and the carbamate pesticide carbofuran. It achieves signal amplification by the secondary catalysis of platinum nanoparticles. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of acetylthiocholine to form thiocholine. Thiocholine causes the aggregation of citrate-capped platinum nanoparticles which then lose their peroxidase-mimicking properties. After addition of pesticides, the activity of AChE is inhibited, less thiocholine is produced, less aggregation occurs, and the peroxidase-mimetic properties are increasingly retained. In the presence of tetramethylbenzidine and H2O2, a deep blue coloration with an absorption maximum at 650 nm will be formed. The assay was applied to the determination of dichlorvos and carbofuran, and detection limits of 2.3 μg·L-1 and 1.4 μg·L-1 were obtained, respectively. Recovery experiments with spiked tap water and pears gave satisfactory relative standard deviations. Graphical abstract The blue product formed by platinum nanoparticle-catalyzed oxidation of 3,3'5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) by H2O2 is reduced if acetylthiocholine (ATCh) is hydrolyzed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE) to form thiocholine. However, if AChE is inhibited by pesticides, color formation will recover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Cao
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Miao Wang
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Yongxin She
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.,Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Hacımüftüoğlu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China. .,Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Beijing, 100193, China. .,Agro-products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 53003, China.
| | - Mengmeng Yan
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Sihui Hong
- Institute of Quality Standardization & Testing Technology for Agro-products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.,Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Agrofood Safety and Quality (Beijing), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shuibing Lao
- Agro-products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 53003, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Agro-products Quality Safety and Testing Technology Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 53003, China
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Pereira BVR, Silva-Zacarin ECM, Costa MJ, Dos Santos ACA, do Carmo JB, Nunes B. Cholinesterases characterization of three tropical fish species, and their sensitivity towards specific contaminants. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 173:482-493. [PMID: 30802737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cholinesterases are frequent targets for toxic effects, namely by insecticides derived from phosphoric and carbamic acids. This effects allows the use of cholinesterase inhibition as a biomarker for contamination of aquatic environments by these specific chemical agents. However, cholinesterases are differently responsive to environmental contaminants, according to their different forms and locations. In addition, cholinesterases seem also to be inhibited by metals, so their use as an environmental criterion requires the prior characterization of their specific forms in each species and tissues, and the study of their sensitivity. The objective of this study was to characterize the cholinesterase isoenzymes present in the brain and dorsal muscle of three tropical fish species, namely Phalloceros harpagos (Lucinda, 2008), Pterygoplichthys pardalis (Castelnau, 1855) and Astyanax altiparanae (Garutti and Britski, 2000). In vitro assays were conducted to quantify the effect of pesticides (dimethoate and carbaryl) and metals (lead and copper) on cholinesterases activity. Although acetylcholinesterase seems to be the most prevalent and abundant form, as commonly described in vertebrates, the here-obtained results showed that three cholinesterase isoenzymes occur in tissues of the three fish species. In addition, the pesticide carbaryl caused a stronger inhibition than dimethoate. Copper caused a significantly higher cholinesterasic inhibition than lead, which is also in line with most results concerning the anticholinesterasic effects by these metals. The here obtained results allowed to conclude that acetylcholinesterase is the predominant form in all tissues from the three analyzed species. In addition, cholinesterases of these three fish were responsive to common environmental contaminants, namely metals and pesticides, similarly to what was already described for fish of temperate areas. This allows using the here proposed fish species in environmental studies for the assessment of the presence of neurotoxicants under neotropical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz V R Pereira
- Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Elaine C M Silva-Zacarin
- Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Monica Jones Costa
- Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - André Cordeiro Alves Dos Santos
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Janaina Braga do Carmo
- Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Rodovia João Leme dos Santos km 110, Itinga, 18052-780 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Nunes
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
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Zhang X, Dong J, Wu H, Zhang H, Zhang J, Ma E. Knockdown of cytochrome P450 CYP6 family genes increases susceptibility to carbamates and pyrethroids in the migratory locust, Locusta migratoria. Chemosphere 2019; 223:48-57. [PMID: 30763915 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (CYP) plays a key role in the detoxification of insecticides. In this study, four cDNA sequences of CYP6 genes were identified and characterized. Transcription levels of LmCYP6HC1 and LmCYP6HCL1 were high in first- and fourth-instar nymph stages, respectively. LmCYP6HN1 was primarily expressed in the egg to third-instar nymph stages, while LmCYP6HQ1 was predominantly expressed in the stages from fourth-instar nymph to the adult. The four CYP6 genes were predominantly distributed in the antenna, brain, fat body, integument, and hemolymph. Piperonyl butoxide exposure inhibited total CYP activity and synergized the toxicity of carbamates and pyrethroids. Knockdown of LmCYP6HL1, LmCYP6HN1, and LmCYP6HQ1 increased nymph mortality following exposure to carbaryl, and silencing of LmCYP6HC1, LmCYP6HL1, LmCYP6HN1, and LmCYP6HQ1 comprehensively raised nymph mortality following exposure to fluvalinate. Knockdown of LmCYP6HL1 or LmCYP6HN1 significantly increased nymph mortality following exposure to cypermethrin or fenvalerate, respectively. These results suggest that the CYP6 family plays a key role in determining the susceptibility of Locusta migratoria to both carbamates and pyrethroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Dong
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haihua Wu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
| | - Enbo Ma
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China.
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Draz EI, Hassan AM, Khalil HS, Elomary MA. Evaluation of pelvic inflammatory disease potential in cholinesterase inhibitor pesticide-exposed females. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:30818-30825. [PMID: 28497326 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9073-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cholinesterase inhibitor pesticides, mainly organophosphates and carbamates, are commonly used in Egypt. Chronic exposure of males and females working in agriculture is expected. The study aimed to relate exposure to cholinesterase inhibitor pesticides to the development of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). This is a case-control study that was conducted among 84 females. Seventy patients complained of pelvic inflammatory disease visited the outpatient Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic. Fourteen females were not suffering from PID and were chosen as a control group. Red blood cells' cholinesterase activity was measured in blood. Cervical swaps were collected, and cultures were submitted for microbiological examination. The results showed that cholinesterase activities were significantly depressed in exposed females (6.36 ± 0.8 μmoles/min/ml red cells) when compared to non-exposed (7.5 ± 1.2 μmoles/min/ml red cells), and both were significantly depressed when compared with healthy females (9.17 ± 0.7 μmoles/min/ml red cells). The correlation coefficient (r) between previous exposure and the laboratory confirmed cervical infection was 0.31, with a P value of 0.009. The study concluded that exposure to cholinesterase inhibitor pesticides could increase the occurrence of pelvic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman I Draz
- Department Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt.
| | - Azza M Hassan
- Department Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Haidy S Khalil
- Department Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Elomary
- Department Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Assis CRD, Linhares AG, Cabrera MP, Oliveira VM, Silva KCC, Marcuschi M, Maciel Carvalho EVM, Bezerra RS, Carvalho LB. Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase as biomarker of pesticide exposure: new and forgotten insights. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:18364-18376. [PMID: 29797194 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) acts on the hydrolysis of acetylcholine, rapidly removing this neurotransmitter at cholinergic synapses and neuromuscular junctions as well as in neuronal growth and differentiation, modulation of cell adhesion ("electrotactins") and aryl-acylamidase activity (AAA). This enzyme is also found in erythrocyte, as 160 kDa dimer that anchors to the plasma membrane via glycophosphatidylinositol. The function of this enzyme in erythrocytes has not yet been elucidated; however, it is suspected to participate in cell-to-cell interactions. Here, a review on erythrocyte AChE characteristics and use as biomarker for organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides is presented since it is the first specific target/barrier of the action of these pesticides, besides plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). However, some past and current methods have disadvantages: (a) not discriminating the activities of AChE and BChE; (b) low accuracy due to interference of hemoglobin in whole blood samples. On the other hand, extraction methods of hemoglobin-free erythrocyte AChE allows: (a) the freezing and transporting of samples; (b) samples free of colorimetric interference; (c) data from only erythrocyte AChE activity; (d) erythrocyte AChE specific activity presents higher correlation with the central nervous system AChE than other peripheral ChEs; (e) slow spontaneous regeneration against anti-ChEs agents of AChE in comparison to BChE, thus increasing the chances of detecting such compounds following longer interval after exposure. As monitoring perspectives, hemoglobin-free methodologies may be promising alternatives to assess the degree of exposure since they are not influenced by this interfering agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio R D Assis
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica and Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Amanda G Linhares
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica and Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Cabrera
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica and Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Vagne M Oliveira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Produtos Bioativos, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, DMFA, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Kaline C C Silva
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica and Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual da Bahia, Paulo Afonso, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marina Marcuschi
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica and Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Elba V M Maciel Carvalho
- Laboratório de Glicoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ranilson S Bezerra
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica and Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz B Carvalho
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica and Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
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Lorke DE, Nurulain SM, Hasan MY, Kuca K, Petroianu GA. Optimal Pre-treatment for Acute Exposure to the Organophosphate Dicrotophos. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 23:3432-3439. [PMID: 27799040 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666161027154303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reversible cholinesterase inhibitors, when given prophylactically before exposure to organophosphates, are able to decrease organophosphate-induced mortality. However, the efficacy of pyridostigmine, the only pre-treatment substance approved by the US Federal Drug Administration, is unsatisfactory. METHODS In search of a better prophylactic compound, we determined in vivo the protection conferred by five cholinesterase inhibitors (ranitidine, physostigmine, tacrine, K-27 and pyridostigmine), which were administered in equitoxic dosage (1/4 of LD01) 30 minutes before exposure to the organophosphate dicrotophos. Efficacy was measured in rats by Cox analysis calculating the relative risk of death (RR), RR being 1 for the reference group which received dicrotophos and no prophylaxis. RESULTS K-27 (RR=0.06), physostigmine (RR=0.15), pyridostigmine (RR=0.22) and tacrine (RR=0.28) significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced dicrotophos-induced mortality in comparison to the reference group (dicrotophos without pre-treatment), whereas ranitidine (RR=0.86) had no significant influence. The experimental oxime K-27, when given before dicrotophos exposure, conferred the best in vivo protection. This was significantly (p ≤ 0.05) more efficacious than pre-treatment with any other tested compound. The differences in efficacy between the second best compound, physostigmine, and the less efficacious substances (tacrine and pyridostigmine) were also statistically significant. CONCLUSION These data indicate that K-27 can be considered a very efficacious prophylactic agent for organophosphate exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich E Lorke
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, University Park GL 495 D, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami 33199, Florida. United States
| | - Syed M Nurulain
- Bio Science Department, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad. Pakistan
| | - Mohamed Y Hasan
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, 15551 Al Ain. United Arab Emirates
| | - Kamil Kuca
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine; Florida International University; University Park GL 495 D; 11200 SW 8th St, Miami 33199, Florida. United States
| | - Georg A Petroianu
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine; Florida International University; University Park GL 495 D; 11200 SW 8th St, Miami 33199, Florida. United States
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Della Pelle F, Angelini C, Sergi M, Del Carlo M, Pepe A, Compagnone D. Nano carbon black-based screen printed sensor for carbofuran, isoprocarb, carbaryl and fenobucarb detection: application to grain samples. Talanta 2018; 186:389-96. [PMID: 29784378 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.04.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical screening assay for the detection of phenyl carbamates (i.e. carbaryl, carbofuran, isoprocarb and fenobucarb) was developed and applied to grains samples (i.e. durum wheat, soft wheat and maize). Nano carbon black (CB) was strategically employed to realize an effective, reproducible, fouling resistant, low cost, delocalisable screen printed sensor (CB-SPE). CB-SPEs morphology (SEM and FEM) and electrochemical property (CV and EIS) were studied. The final pesticides analysis protocol consist of: (i) extraction of the analyte (just by mixing), (ii) alkaline hydrolysis (10 min R.T.), (iii) DPV detection directly of 100 µL of extract on the CB-SPE surface. Linear range between 1.0 × 10-7 and 1.0 × 10-4 mol L-1, good determination coefficients (R2 ≥ 0.9971) and satisfactory sensitivity (≥ 3.90 × 10-1 A M-1 cm-2) and LODs (≤ 8.0 × 10-8 mol L-1) were obtained for all the analytes. Excellent recoveries (78-102%) and accuracy (relative error vs. HPLC-MS/MS between 9.0% and -7.8%) resulted from the analysis of grains samples. The proposed CB-SPE based approach has demonstrated to be able to detect carbaryl at Maximum residue limits levels (MRLs), allowing class selective detection of commonly employed phenyl carbamates in food samples.
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Vorčáková K, Májeková M, Horáková E, Drabina P, Sedlák M, Štěpánková Š. Synthesis and characterization of new inhibitors of cholinesterases based on N-phenyl carbamates: In vitro study of inhibitory effect, type of inhibition, lipophilicity and molecular docking. Bioorg Chem 2018; 78:280-289. [PMID: 29621640 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on current treatment of Alzheimer's disease, where the carbamate inhibitor Rivastigmine is used, two series of carbamate derivatives were prepared: (i) N-phenylcarbamates with additional carbamate group (1-12) and (ii) N-phenylcarbamates with monosaccharide moiety (13-24). All compounds were tested for the inhibitory effect on both of the cholinesterases, electric eel acetylcholinesterase (eeAChE) and butyrylcholinesterase from equine serum (eqBChE) and the inhibitory activity (expressed as IC50 values) was compared with that of the established drugs Galanthamine and Rivastigmine. The compounds with two carbamate groups 1-12 revealed higher inhibitory efficiency on both cholinesterases in compared with monosaccharide derived carbamates 13-24 and with Rivastigmine. The significant decrease of inhibitory efficiency on eqBChE (also for eeAChE but in less manner) was observed after deacetalization of monosaccharide. Moreover, the type of inhibitory mechanism of five chosen compounds was studied. It was found, that compounds with two carbamate groups act presumably via a mixed inhibitory mechanism and the compounds with monosaccharide moiety act as non-competitive inhibitors. The lipophilicity of tested compounds was determined using partition coefficient. Specific positions of the inhibitors in the binding sites of cholinesterases were determined using molecular modeling and the results indicate the importance of phenylcarbamate orientation in the catalytic gorges of both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Vorčáková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Magdaléna Májeková
- Department of Biochemical Pharmacology, Institute of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Slovak Academy of Science, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Eva Horáková
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Drabina
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Miloš Sedlák
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Štěpánková
- Department of Biological and Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Pardubice, Czech Republic.
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Ostadhadi S, Moradi A, Zolfaghari S, Nikoui V, Dehpour AR. Cromakalim, a Potassium Channel Opener, Ameliorates the Organophosphate and Carbamate-Induced Seizure in Mice. Acta Med Iran 2018; 56:14-20. [PMID: 29436790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphates (OPs) and carbamates are acetylcholine esterase inhibitors (AChEIs), which can cause seizure and lethality. Anticonvulsant properties of potassium channel openers including cromakalim have been determined in previous studies. In the present experiment, the possible effect of cromakalim on the convulsion and death induced by OPs and carbamates was studied in mice. Dichlorvos (an OP, 50 mg/kg) and physostigmine (a carbamate, 2 mg/kg) were used to induce seizure in animals. Cromakalim at doses of 0.1, 10, and 30 µg/kg was injected 30 min before dichlorvos and physostigmine, and 5 min before glibenclamide (a potassium channel blocker, 1 mg/kg) administration. All injections were performed intraperitoneally. After drugs administration, the onset of convulsion, death, the severity of seizure, and rate of mortality were investigated. Results revealed that both dichlorvos and physostigmine induced seizure activity and lethality in 100% of the animals. Cromakalim at doses of 0.1, 10, and 30 µg/kg significantly increased the latency of both seizure and death (P<0.05). Also, cromakalim decreased the mortality rate induced by dichlorvos and physostigmine (P<0.05). On the other hand, glibenclamide blocked all aspects of the anticonvulsant effect of cromakalim (P<0.05). This study revealed for the first time that cromakalim (a KATP channel opener) diminishes the seizure and death induced by dichlorvos and physostigmine in mice, and introduces a new aspect to manage the patients who suffer from OPs/carbamates-induced seizure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattar Ostadhadi
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abouzar Moradi
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Alborz, Iran
| | - Samira Zolfaghari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Nikoui
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Experimental Medicine Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. AND Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Koumba AA, Zinga Koumba CR, Mintsa Nguema R, Obame Ondo P, Bibang Bengono G, Comlan P, Ketoh GK, Djogbenou LS, Faye O, M'batchi B, Mavoungou JF. [Susceptibility status of Anopheles gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii to Organophosphates and Carbamates in the Agricultural Exploitation Zones of oil Palm at Mouila, Gabon]. Bull Soc Pathol Exot 2018; 111:176-182. [PMID: 30793573 DOI: 10.3166/bspe-2018-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted during the rainy season of 2017 in the agricultural areas at Mouila, with the aim to assess the determination of susceptibility of Anopheles gambiae complex to insecticides and the detection of Ace 1R mutation. Mosquito larvae were collected by using the dipping method and nursed to adult stage. The susceptibility of adult Anopheles gambiae s.l. populations to organophosphates and carbamates was assessed using the standard WHO susceptibility test protocol. The tested mosquitoes species were identified by PCR. These tested mosquitoes were used to search for the Ace 1R mutation. The insecticides used were pirimiphos-methyl 0.25% and 1.25%, fenitrothion 1%, malathion 5%, propoxur 0.1%, bendiocarb 0.1%, 0.5% and 1%. In the prospected areas, An. gambiae s.l. included An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii sympatric in their larval habitats. However, An. gambiae s.s. was predominant in all studied areas (99.1%) comparatively to An. coluzzii Moreover, the susceptibility tests of Anopheles to organophosphates and carbamates revealed mortality rates of 100% regardless of the origin of the mosquitoes. PCR diagnosis of Ace 1R mutation showed that none tested mosquito (An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii) from prospected areas harbored the Ace 1R gene in all prospected areas. The lack of Ace 1R mutation in An. gambiae s.l. reveals the current effectiveness of organophosphates and carbamates for the control of these mosquitoes. Bboth these classes of insecticides could be used for the anopheline populations control in the agricultural spaces at Mouila.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Koumba
- Institut de recherche en écologie tropicale (IRET), BP 13354, Libreville, Gabon
- Université d'Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 05 BP 1604, Cotonou, Benin
- Institut régional de santé publique (IRSP), BP 918, Ouidah, Bénin
| | - C R Zinga Koumba
- Institut de recherche en écologie tropicale (IRET), BP 13354, Libreville, Gabon
| | - R Mintsa Nguema
- Institut de recherche en écologie tropicale (IRET), BP 13354, Libreville, Gabon
| | - P Obame Ondo
- Programme national de lutte contre le Paludisme (PNLP), BP 14426, Libreville, Gabon
| | - G Bibang Bengono
- Université des sciences et techniques de Masuku (USTM), BP 941, Franceville, Gabon
| | - P Comlan
- Université des sciences de la santé (USS), BP 4009, Libreville, Gabon
| | - G K Ketoh
- Unité de recherche en écotoxicologue, Université de Lomé (UL), BP 1515, Lomé, Togo
| | - L S Djogbenou
- Université d'Abomey-Calavi (UAC), 05 BP 1604, Cotonou, Benin
- Institut régional de santé publique (IRSP), BP 918, Ouidah, Bénin
| | - O Faye
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD), BP 5005, Dakar, Sénégal
| | - B M'batchi
- Université des sciences et techniques de Masuku (USTM), BP 941, Franceville, Gabon
| | - J F Mavoungou
- Institut de recherche en écologie tropicale (IRET), BP 13354, Libreville, Gabon
- Université des sciences et techniques de Masuku (USTM), BP 941, Franceville, Gabon
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47
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Wei JC, Wei B, Yang W, He CW, Su HX, Wan JB, Li P, Wang YT. Trace determination of carbamate pesticides in medicinal plants by a fluorescent technique. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 119:430-437. [PMID: 29269059 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The safety issue of using carbamate pesticides in medicinal plants (MPs) has been a global concern and hence attracted attention of many researchers to develop analytical tools for trace pesticides detection. Derived from the fluorescence-based techniques, a rapid, convenient and efficient method for the detection of three carbamate pesticides, including carbofuran, aldicarb and methomyl has been developed by using core-shell QDs. By optimizing experimental parameters, the system demonstrated high detection sensitivities for the investigated carbamates, with the lowest detectable concentrations less than 0.05 μM. The molecular docking study indicated that the selected carbamate pesticides bound to the catalytic active site of acetylcholinesterase via π-π or H-π interactions, which also revealed the potential mechanism of the differences in inhibition strength among the three pesticides on AChE. Moreover, in order to investigate the applicability and reliability of the proposed method for the pesticide analysis in real sample with complex matrix, the matrix effects of eight common MPs have been systematically explored. These findings suggested that this technique was a simple, sensitive and reliable method for rapid determination of carbamate pesticides in real samples, especially those with complex matrices like MPs, vegetables, fruits, and other agricultural crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Chao Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Bin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Wu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Cheng-Wei He
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Huan-Xing Su
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jian-Bo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
| | - Yi-Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
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Moreno-González D, Haselberg R, Gámiz-Gracia L, García-Campaña AM, de Jong GJ, Somsen GW. Fully compatible and ultra-sensitive micellar electrokinetic chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using sheathless porous-tip interfacing. J Chromatogr A 2017; 1524:283-289. [PMID: 28992989 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2017.09.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The on-line coupling of micellar electrokinetic chromatography and mass spectrometry (MEKC-MS) is often hampered by incompatibility problems leading to reduced separation performance and unfavorable limits of detection (LODs). Here we propose a new selective and highly sensitive MEKC-MS/MS method employing a sheathless porous-tip interface in combination with a micellar phase comprised of semi-volatile surfactant molecules. Carbamate pesticides (CRBs) were selected as representative model compounds being neutral toxic pollutants potentially present at trace levels in environmental water samples. A background electrolyte of 75mM perfluorooctanoic acid adjusted to pH 9.0 with ammonium hydroxide allowed efficient separation of 15 CRBs and appeared fully compatible with electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS. Interfacing parameters, such as the distance between the capillary tip and mass-spectrometer inlet, ESI voltage, and dry gas temperature and flow were optimized in order to attain good spray stability and high analyte signal-to-noise ratios. For CRBs the LODs ranged from 0.2 to 3.9ngL-1 (13nL injected, i.e., 2% of capillary volume), representing an improvement for certain CRBs of more than 300-fold when compared with conventional sheath-liquid interfacing. Good linearity (R2>0.99) and satisfactory reproducibility were obtained for all CRBs with interday RSD values for peak area and migration time of 4.0-11.3% and below 1.5%, respectively. Analysis of spiked mineral water showed that the new MEKC-MS/MS method allows selective and quantitative determination of CRB concentrations below the maximum residue limit of 100ngL-1 without the need for sample preconcentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Moreno-González
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Rob Haselberg
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, AIMMS research group BioMolecular Analysis, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Laura Gámiz-Gracia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana M García-Campaña
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Gerhardus J de Jong
- Biomolecular Analysis, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Govert W Somsen
- Division of BioAnalytical Chemistry, AIMMS research group BioMolecular Analysis, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Baumert BO, Carnes MU, Hoppin JA, Jackson CL, Sandler DP, Freeman LB, Henneberger PK, Umbach DM, Shrestha S, Long S, London SJ. Sleep apnea and pesticide exposure in a study of US farmers. Sleep Health 2018; 4:20-6. [PMID: 29332674 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbamate and organophosphate pesticides inhibit acetylcholinesterase, and poisoning leads to respiratory depression. Thus, involvement in sleep apnea is plausible, but no data exist at lower levels of exposure. Other pesticides could impact sleep apnea by different mechanisms but have not been studied. Our study examines the associations between pesticide exposure and sleep apnea among pesticide applicators from a US farming population. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS We analyzed data from 1569 male pesticide applicators, mostly farmers, from an asthma case-control study nested within the prospective Agricultural Health Study. On questionnaires, participants reported use of specific pesticides and physician diagnosis plus prescribed treatments for sleep apnea. We used multivariable logistic regression to estimate associations between ever use of 63 pesticides and sleep apnea (234 cases, 1335 noncases). RESULTS The most notable association was for carbofuran, a carbamate (100 exposed cases, odds ratio 1.83, 95% confidence interval 1.34-2.51, P=.0002). Carbofuran use began before reported onset of sleep apnea in all cases. DISCUSSION This study adds to the known adverse health outcomes of exposure to carbofuran, a pesticide canceled in the United States in 2009 for most agricultural purposes but persists in the environment and remains in use in some other countries. CONCLUSIONS We conducted the first epidemiological study investigating the association of pesticide exposure and sleep apnea. Our results in a male agricultural population suggests that exposure to carbofuran is positively associated with sleep apnea.
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Abstract
Ureas are an important class of bioactive organic compounds in organic chemistry and exist widely in natural products, agricultural pesticides, uron herbicides, pharmaceuticals. Even though urea itself has been synthesized from CO2 and ammonia for a long time, the selective and efficient synthesis of substituted ureas is still challenging due to the difficulty of dehydration processes. Efficient and economic fixation of CO2 is of great importance in solving the problems of resource shortages, environmental issues, global warming, etc. During recent decades, chemists have developed different catalytic systems to synthesize ureas from CO2 and amines. Herein, we focus on catalytic synthesis of ureas using CO2 and amines.
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