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Russell-Goldman E, Baranov E, Siegmund S, Yang CS, Laga AC, Hanna J. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated eccrine neoplasm: a rare entity with distinctive clinical and histopathologic features. Virchows Arch 2024; 484:423-427. [PMID: 38483613 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-024-03785-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Most tumors are caused by inherited or acquired genetic changes. However, a subset of tumors is driven by viral infection including Kaposi sarcoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and others. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is an especially common cause of epithelial cancers and hyperplasias. Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EDV) is a rare type of HPV infection with characteristic histopathologic features and a unique spectrum of HPV subtypes. We report here a distinctive form of EDV-associated eccrine neoplasia. Seven tumors from two patients were analyzed and show highly uniform features including multiple clustered clinical lesions, multifocal epidermal origin, eccrine differentiation with close association with the acrosyringium, an anastomosing growth pattern, and a bland monotonous poroid-to-basaloid cytomorphology. Clinical follow-up for one patient has been benign to date. These tumors show strong similarity to two previously reported cases, suggesting that this type of EDV-associated eccrine neoplasia may represent a rare but reproducible form of skin adnexal tumor with distinctive clinicopathologic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Russell-Goldman
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Esther Baranov
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Stephanie Siegmund
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Catherine S Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alvaro C Laga
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - John Hanna
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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Brooks A, Morris M, Cuda J, Rahimpour A, Munie S. Poroid Hidradenoma: Case Report and Comprehensive Review of the Literature. Case Rep Dermatol 2023; 15:202-216. [PMID: 37928337 PMCID: PMC10620550 DOI: 10.1159/000531052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Poroid hidradenoma (PH) is a rare benign adnexal tumor of eccrine differentiation. It is the rarest of the four described variants of poroid neoplasms. PHs characteristically share a hybrid of the architectural features of the hidradenoma, namely, tumor cells are entirely intradermal with both solid and cystic components, and the cytologic characteristics of the poroid neoplasms, containing predominantly poroid and cuticular cells. Many published reports of PH since its original discovery in 1990 state that "very few" cases of PH can be found in the literature. Here, we have identified a total of 75 published accounts of PH, including the case presented here, as well as the associated patient demographics, lesion characteristics, treatment, and outcomes. We suggest that while uncommon, PH is likely not exceptionally rare and could be an underreported diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrin Brooks
- Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
- Department of Surgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Mariah Morris
- Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Jonathan Cuda
- Department of Dermatopathology, Marshall Health, Cabell Huntington Hospital, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Armein Rahimpour
- Department of General Surgery, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
| | - Semeret Munie
- Department of General Surgery, Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, USA
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Vazquez T, Zarei M, Herskovitz I, Price A, Villada G, Keri J. Atypical familial aquagenic syringeal acrokeratoderma. J Cutan Pathol 2021; 47:991-996. [PMID: 33464626 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vazquez
- Florida International University Wertheim College of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.,Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Mina Zarei
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Ingrid Herskovitz
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alexandra Price
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Gabriel Villada
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Service, Miami Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Miami, Florida
| | - Jonette Keri
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Sarangi J, Konkimalla A, Kaur K, Sikka K, Sen S, Kakkar A. Endocrine Mucin Producing Sweat Gland Carcinoma with Metastasis to Parotid Gland: Not as Indolent as Perceived? Head Neck Pathol 2022; 16:331-7. [PMID: 34184156 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-021-01353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Endocrine mucin-producing sweat gland carcinoma (EMPSCG) is a rare, low-grade cutaneous adnexal neoplasm with evidence of neuroendocrine differentiation, predominantly involving the eyelids of elderly. It has a striking resemblance to solid papillary carcinoma of breast which similarly displays neuroendocrine features. EMPSGC is considered a precursor of cutaneous mucinous carcinoma, and the term "mucinous carcinoma" is also recommended for hybrid lesions which reveal an invasive mucinous component associated with EMPSGC. While local recurrences are well- documented in EMPSGC, metastases had not been encountered until very recently; two reports in the past year have described metastases from eyelid EMPSGC to the parotid gland after a prolonged interval from the primary presentation. We report the case of a 78-year-old male with eyelid EMPSGC metastatic to the parotid gland nine years after excision of the primary tumor, which had initially been diagnosed as a poorly differentiated carcinoma. Development of metastasis after a prolonged interval is similar to both the previously described cases, and emphasizes the need to reevaluate the stated indolent nature of this neoplasm. It also aims to draw attention of pathologists to this uncommon tumor of the eyelid which is often misdiagnosed on primary presentation.
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Lim JS, Kwon ES, Myung KB, Cheong SH. Poroid Hidradenoma: A Two-Case Report and Literature Review. Ann Dermatol 2021; 33:289-292. [PMID: 34079192 PMCID: PMC8137338 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2021.33.3.289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Poroid hidradenoma (PH) is a rare benign tumor that shows differentiation of the eccrine sweat gland. It occurs mainly in adults, presenting as a 0.5 to 2 cm-sized intradermal nodule, mostly on the head, extremities, trunk and neck. We report two rare cases of PH, one on the face and the other on the heel. The first patient was a 50-year-old male who had a solitary, skin-colored nodule on his right temple for 6 months. The second patient was a 67-year-old female who presented with a solitary, bean-sized, tender nodule on her left heel for 1 year. The common histological examination finding was a well-circumscribed tumor composed of solid portions and large cystic spaces in the center. The tumor cells consisted of small, monomorphic poroid cells and large cuticular cells in both cases. To our knowledge, only few cases of PH have been reported. Herein, we report two rare cases of PHs with literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Soo Lim
- Department of Dermatology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Eun Sun Kwon
- Department of Dermatology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ki Bum Myung
- Department of Dermatology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Cheong
- Department of Dermatology, Konyang University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
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Catteau X, D'haene N, Noël JC. Low grade malignant eccrine spiradenoma of the vulva: case report, review of the literature and discussion about the role of p53 and HPV. Diagn Pathol 2020; 15:24. [PMID: 32169099 PMCID: PMC7071686 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-020-00945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant eccrine spiradenoma is one of the rarest sweat-gland tumors. Here, we describe a rare case of low grade malignant eccrine spiradenoma located at the vulva. CASE PRESENTATION The vulvar lesion was described as a mass measured 3.5 cm and located in the dermis and subcutis with no attachment to the epidermis. The neoplasm was arranged in ragged sheets or solid nodules sometimes with focal necrosis. The tumor cells had hyperchromatism, pleomorphism, and prominent nucleoli with high mitotic index and KI-67 estimated at 70-80%. CONCLUSIONS It's only the fifth case of malignant eccrine spiradenoma localized at the vulva. This is the first time that an HPV genotyping was made in this type of lesion with no HPV found while the p16 expression was diffuse. Moreover, it's the first time that a p53 mutation is detected by sequencing in this location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Catteau
- CUREPATH (Chirec institute- Brussels, CHU Tivoli - La Louvière), Rue de Borfilet, 12A, 6040 Jumet, Charleroi, Belgium. .,Pathology Department, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 610, Route de Lennik, 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Nicky D'haene
- Pathology Department, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 610, Route de Lennik, 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Christophe Noël
- Pathology Department, Erasme University Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 610, Route de Lennik, 808, 1070, Brussels, Belgium
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Al Rasheed R, AlSamnan M. Congenital giant orbital eccrine hidrocystoma. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2019; 16:100570. [PMID: 31788577 PMCID: PMC6880129 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2019.100570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe the clinical presentation, management, and histopathological results of a congenital eccrine hidrocystoma. Observations A 4-year-old healthy boy presented with left upper eyelid ptosis and superonasal painless mass since birth. Computed tomography showed a hypodense cystic lesion located in the extraconal orbital compartment medially. Following complete excision, histopathology revealed an eccrine hidrocystoma. Conclusions and Importance Orbital eccrine hidrocystomas should be considered in the differential diagnosis of orbital cystic masses in the pediatric age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghad Al Rasheed
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Surgery, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazen AlSamnan
- Ophthalmology Department, Security Forces Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author. Department of Ophthalmology, Security Forces Hospital, P.O. Box 3543, Riyadh, 11480, Saudi Arabia.
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Jandali DB, Ganti A, Al-Khudari S, Tajudeen BA, Revenaugh PC. Prognostic factors and survival outcomes for head and neck cutaneous adnexal cancers. Am J Otolaryngol 2019; 40:110-4. [PMID: 30472120 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Malignant cutaneous adnexal tumors (MCAT) are rare and comprise a heterogeneous group of cancers. There have been several studies reviewing prognostic factors of these tumors, but no studies focusing on the head and neck. This study aimed to review a large population based database to evaluate prognostic factors that could impact survival. METHODS The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database was utilized to identify patients with MCAT of the head and neck. Both overall and disease specific survival were the main outcome measures for the study. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association of suspected prognostic factors with survival. RESULTS The five-year OS and DSS were 72.6 and 95.5%, respectively. A favorable factor for OS was surgical resection ([HR] 0.324; P = 0.001), while unfavorable factors for OS include older age (1.051; P < 0.001), higher tumor grade (1.254; P = 0.049), larger tumor size (1.293; P = 0.003), and positive nodal involvement (3.323; P = 0.002). A favorable factor for DSS was surgical resection (0.026; P < 0.001). Unfavorable factors for DSS include older age (1.058; P = 0.046), larger tumor size (2.528; 1.565-4.085; P < 0.001), and positive nodal involvement (4.761; P = 0.022). CONCLUSION Review of the SEER database shows good 5-year OS and DSS rates, similar to those cited in other studies. We identified several prognostic factors associated with survival, while histologic sub-type does not seem to be associated with survival. Surgical resection is the mainstay of treatment.
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Best A, Kamilar JM. The evolution of eccrine sweat glands in human and nonhuman primates. J Hum Evol 2018; 117:33-43. [PMID: 29544622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2017.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Sweating is an unusual thermoregulatory strategy for most mammals, yet is critical for humans. This trait is commonly hypothesized to result from human ancestors moving from a forest to a warmer and drier open environment. As soft tissue traits do not typically fossilize, this idea has been difficult to test. Therefore, we used a comparative approach to examine 15 eccrine gland traits from 35 primate species. For each trait we measured phylogenetic signal, tested three evolutionary models to explain trait variation, and used phylogenetic models to examine how traits varied in response to climate variables. Phylogenetic signal in traits varied substantially, with the two traits exhibiting the highest values being gland distribution on the body and percent eccrine vs. apocrine glands on the body. Variation in most traits was best explained by an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck model suggesting the importance of natural selection. Two traits were strongly predicted by climate. First, species with high eccrine gland glycogen content were associated with habitats exhibiting warm temperatures and low rainfall. Second, species with increased capillarization were associated with high temperature. Glycogen is a primary energy substrate powering sweat production and sodium reabsorption in the eccrine gland, and increased capillarization permits greater oxygen, glucose and electrolyte delivery. Thus, our results are evidence of natural selection for increased sweating capacity in primate species with body surface eccrine glands living in hot and dry climates. We suggest that selection for increased glycogen content and capillarization may have been part of initial increases in hominin thermoregulatory sweating capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Best
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Jason M Kamilar
- Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Ramasenderan N, Shahir H, Omar SZ. A synchronous incidence of eccrine porocarcinoma of the forearm and facial squamous cell carcinoma: A case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2017; 42:116-120. [PMID: 29245095 PMCID: PMC5730414 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cutaneous appendageal tumor can differentiate towards or arise from either pilosebaceous apparatus or the eccrine sweat glands. Appendageal tumors are relatively rare, their clinical appearance is non-specific, and the vast majority are not diagnosed until after excision. Eccrine porocarcinoma (EP), also known as malignant eccrine poroma is a rare adnexal tumor arising from the intraepithelial ductal parts of the sweat gland. CASE PRESENTATION We presented a 65-year-old, Asian, female with medical co-morbids, who came with both a facial squamous cell carcinoma and a long-standing lesion over her left forearm. Histopathological finding of the left forearm demonstrated eccrine porocarcinoma. CONCLUSION Mohs micrographic surgery is the mainstay treatment of cutaneous carcinoma. It is important to rule out associated syndromes in patient who present with multiple cutaneous appendageal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nandinii Ramasenderan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sultanah Nur Zahirah Hospital, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.
| | - Hasliza Shahir
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Sultanah Nur Zahirah Hospital, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Siti Zarqah Omar
- Department of Pathology, Sultanah Nur Zahirah Hospital, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400, Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Maiti S, Mitra A. Morphological, Physiological and Ultrastructural Changes in Flowers Explain the Spatio-Temporal Emission of Scent Volatiles in Polianthes tuberosa L. Plant Cell Physiol 2017; 58:2095-2111. [PMID: 29036488 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Tuberose or Polianthes tuberosa L. is a horticultural crop of tropical origin, widely cultivated for its pleasant and intense floral fragrance in the evening. Here an investigation was made into the physiological and cell biological aspects of floral scent biosynthesis, tissue localization and emission that have not previously been examined. Volatiles collected from floral headspace were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for identification of individual compounds and elucidation of emission patterns. Transcript accumulation and the amount of active enzyme were measured to understand the enzymatic route of scent volatile biosynthesis. Localization of scent volatiles was investigated by histochemical and ultrastructural studies. Scent emission was found to be rhythmic and nocturnal under normal day-night influence, peaking at night. Enhanced enzyme activities and transcript accumulation were recorded just prior to maximum emission. Through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, the presence of a large number of floral stomata on the adaxial surface of the tepal was revealed which might have bearing on tissue-specific emission. Guard cells of stomata responded significantly to histochemical tests, which also indicated that epidermal tissues are mostly involved in scent emission. High metabolic activity was found in epidermal layers during anthesis as shown by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Further, new insight into the localization of scent compounds, the plausible tissue involved in their release along with the preceding ultrastructural changes at the cellular levels is presented. Finally, ultrastructural analysis of the tepal surface has been able to fill a major gap in knowledge of stomatal involvement during scent emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saborni Maiti
- Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India
| | - Adinpunya Mitra
- Natural Product Biotechnology Group, Agricultural and Food Engineering Department, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur-721302, India
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Abstract
A 53-year-old Cambodian woman presented with nodular masses on the right arm suggestive of a sarcoma-type malignancy. The masses were excised and identified as multiple benign eccrine poromas. The patient re-presented after two years with large relapsed tumours and axillary lymph node involvement. A forequarter amputation was undertaken. Histology confirmed the diagnosis of a porocarcinoma, which was likely to be due to malignant transformation of the original poromas. The size and multiplicity of the tumours represents a highly unusual presentation of these rare eccrine neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Boam
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust , UK
| | - A Szczap
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust , UK
| | | | - N Khirwadkar
- Royal Liverpool and Broadgreen University Hospitals NHS Trust , UK
| | - L Tho
- Children's Surgical Centre , Phnom Penh , Cambodia
| | - J Gollogly
- Children's Surgical Centre , Phnom Penh , Cambodia
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Salih AM, Kakamad FH, Essa RA, Rauf GM, S A M, H M S, Q S R, A H H, A H D, Othman S. Porocarcinoma: A systematic review of literature with a single case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2016; 30:13-16. [PMID: 27898349 PMCID: PMC5128823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2016.10.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Porocarcinoma is a rare but aggressive type of skin malignancy. Reporting new cases is mandatory to outline the course of the disease. We systematically reviewed the literature with a new case report.
Introduction Eccrine porocarcinoma is a very rare type of skin cancer. It is an aggressive dermatological malignancy. We presented a 62-year-old male with long history of a mass in left forearm complicated by distant metastasis and death. A rapid review of literature has been presented. Conclusion Eccrine porocarcinoma is a rare but aggressive type of skin disease. It may arise de novo or complicate a benign skin lesion. Wide local resection is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulwahid M Salih
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department Surgery, University of Sulaimani, François Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - F H Kakamad
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, University of Sulaimani, François Mitterrand Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Rawand A Essa
- Sulaimani Teaching Hospital, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Goran M Rauf
- Selimani Teaching Hospital, Department of Pathology, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Masrur S A
- Bioscience Center. Goran Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Daik Laboratory, Goran Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Shvan H M
- Bioscience Center. Goran Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; University of Sulaimani, Faculty of Science & Science Education, School of Science, Biology Department, Raperin Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan region, Iraq
| | - Rawezh Q S
- Bioscience Center. Goran Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; University of Sulaimani, Faculty of Science & Science Education, School of Science, Biology Department, Raperin Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan region, Iraq
| | - Hunar A H
- Bioscience Center. Goran Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; University of Sulaimani, Faculty of Science & Science Education, School of Science, Biology Department, Raperin Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan region, Iraq
| | - Dahat A H
- Bioscience Center. Goran Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; University of Sulaimani, Faculty of Science & Science Education, School of Science, Biology Department, Raperin Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan region, Iraq
| | - Snur Othman
- Bioscience Center. Goran Street, Sulaimani, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Makaram N, Chaudhry IH, Srinivasan MS. Hidradenoma masquerading digital ganglion cyst: A rare phenomenon. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2016; 10:22-6. [PMID: 27625783 PMCID: PMC5011080 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2016.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Mucous cyst is the commonest soft tissue tumor in the dorsum of the distal interphalangeal joint (DIPJ) of the finger. We report the first case of a recurring eccrine tumor (nodular hidradenoma), mimicking a mucous/ganglion cyst, on the dorsum of the DIPJ. Case report A 54 year old man presented with painless, hemispherical, colored swelling on the dorsum of his right middle finger (dominant hand), which appeared to have recurred from a previous surgery. The lesion was excised and operative findings from the medical notes showed the gross appearance to be a soft, white, glistening, smooth-surfaced, myxoid nodule resembling a “ganglion cyst”. Immunohistochemistry showed the tumour to be positive for S100, smooth muscle actin and cytokeratin 7. Ductal differentiation was confirmed by staining for epithelial membrane antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen. The histological features were that of atypical and solid cystic hidradenoma. Discussion This is the first reported case of this rare tumour presenting as mucous cyst. We conduct a review of the literature of nodular hidradenomas, illustrating the immunohistologic findings in this tumour to emphasise the atypical features.We emphasise the importance of considering hidradenoma in the differential diagnosis of such lesions of the finger, in view of its high recurrence rate and the possibility of malignant transformation. We describe the rare phenomenon of an atypical cystic hidradenoma mimicking in presentation a mucous ganglion cyst on the DIPJ of the finger. We put this rarity into context by performing a literature review of reported presentations of such tumours. We emphasise the importance of a thorough and systematic assessment in patients presenting with such lesions. Also highlighted is the importance of considering these tumours in the differential diagnosis of lesions of the DIPJ. Thorough immunohistochemistry of resulting biopsies is invaluable in aiding diagnosis in these scenarios of ambiguous soft tissue swellings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navnit Makaram
- Department of Surgery, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
- Corresponding author.
| | - Iskander H. Chaudhry
- St. James's University Hospital, 16 17 Beckett St., Leeds, West Yorkshire, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Makaram S. Srinivasan
- Royal Blackburn Hospital, East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn, BB2 3HH, UK
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Devi NRS, Valarmathi K, Lilly M, Satish S, Mishra N. Primary Axillary Porocarcinoma: A Rare Cutaneous Tumour. J Clin Diagn Res 2016; 10:ED04-6. [PMID: 27042472 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/15278.7171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Eccrine porocarcinoma, a rare cutaneous malignant tumour accounts for a fraction of sweat gland tumours. This tumour is found to originate from the intraepithelial parts of the sweat glands. It commonly involves the lower extremities in elderly patients and carries an aggressive behaviour. Cutaneous and visceral metastasis can occur and hence prompt treatment is mandatory. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment modality. We hereby present a case of eccrine porocarcinoma in a 50-year-old male in the right axillary region presenting as a verrucous lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalli R Sumitra Devi
- Professor, Department of Pathology, Govt Stanley Medical College , Chennai, Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, India
| | - K Valarmathi
- Professor, Department of Pathology, Govt Stanley Medical College , Chennai, Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, India
| | - Mary Lilly
- Professor, Department of Pathology, Govt Stanley Medical College , Chennai, Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, India
| | - Selvi Satish
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Govt Stanley Medical College , Chennai, Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, India
| | - Nidhi Mishra
- Post Graduate, Department of Pathology, Govt Stanley Medical College , Chennai, Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, India
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Singh N, Chandrashekar L, Shakthi P, Thappa DM, Badhe BA, Sylvia MT. Reactive Eccrine Syringofibroadenomatosis Presenting as Bilateral Plantar Hyperkeratosis. Indian J Dermatol 2015; 60:403-5. [PMID: 26288415 PMCID: PMC4533545 DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.160497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Eccrine syringofibroadenoma (ESFA) is a rare cutaneous tumor with eccrine differentiation with varied clinical manifestations. We report a case of reactive eccrine syringofibroadenomatosis associated with chronic bilateral plantar ulcers in a patient with diabetes mellitus presenting as plantar hyperkeratosis and verrucous growth at margins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Singh
- Department of Dermatology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Laxmisha Chandrashekar
- Department of Dermatology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Pragasam Shakthi
- Department of Dermatology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Devinder Mohan Thappa
- Department of Dermatology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Bhawana Ashok Badhe
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Mary Theresa Sylvia
- Department of Pathology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
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Aoun A, Dufrenot-Petitjean-Roget L, Amazan E, Derancourt C, Alexandre M, Quist D, Grossin M, Molinié V. [Cutaneous chondroid syringoma]. Ann Pathol 2015; 35:275-80. [PMID: 26188668 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2015.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chondroid syringoma (CS) is a rare cutaneous tumor characterized by mixte epithelial and mesenchymal component. The confident histological diagnosis can be obtained by immuno-histochemistry study. Here we present 10 new cases with their clinico-hystological characteristics. METHODS The 10 cases were observed between January 2000 and august 2013, in Fort-de-France and Louis-Mourier universitary hospitals. For all the cases a controlled histological study was performed by a dermatopathologist expert and immuno-histochemistry was added. Clinical and immuno-histological data were analyzed. RESULTS The lesions were almost localized on the face (3/10) and the extremities (3/10). The size was about 1.2 to 5.2cm. Every case was treated by surgery, no malignant case was diagnosed. Histologically, all the 10 cases presented as a well-limited dermic tumor with a mixte epithelial and mesenchymal component. The stroma was myxo-chondroid, and the epithelial component consisted in epithelial cavities lined by one or two cell layers with eccrine (4/10) or apocrine (5/10) features. Immuno-chemistry study reveals positivity for EMA, ACE and CK7 for the internal cells, and positivity for S100 protein and vimentin of the extern cell layer. DISCUSSION Chondroid syringoma is characterized by a mixte epithelial with eccrine and apocrine cells and a myxo-chondroid stroma. Our study has some clinical and histological particularities (lesions on the extremities, epidermic connecting…). The main differentials diagnoses are the other annexial tumors. The treatment is surgical. CONCLUSION The histological diagnosis of CS is quite easy, but in case of doubt, immuno-chemistry will help, showing a double mesenchymal and epithelial differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agathe Aoun
- Service de pathologie, hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Fort-de-France, CS 90632, 97261 Fort-de-France, Martinique; Service de dermatologie, hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman CHU de Fort-de-France, CS 90632, 97261 Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | | | - Emmanuelle Amazan
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman CHU de Fort-de-France, CS 90632, 97261 Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Christian Derancourt
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman CHU de Fort-de-France, CS 90632, 97261 Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Marina Alexandre
- Service de dermatologie, CHU Avicenne, 125, rue de Stalingrad, 93000 Bobigny, France
| | - Danièle Quist
- Service de dermatologie, hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman CHU de Fort-de-France, CS 90632, 97261 Fort-de-France, Martinique
| | - Maggy Grossin
- Service de pathologie, CHU Louis-Mourier, 178, rue des Renouillers, 92700 Colombes, France
| | - Vincent Molinié
- Service de pathologie, hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Fort-de-France, CS 90632, 97261 Fort-de-France, Martinique.
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Beteddini OSA, Sheikh S, Shareefi F, Shahab R. Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the scalp: A case report and literature review. Int J Surg Case Rep 2015; 10:241-4. [PMID: 25708135 PMCID: PMC4429839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the skin is a rare tumour. Distinguishing between this primary neoplasm and the more frequently encountered metastatic mucinous deposits on the skin from primaries elsewhere is a diagnostic dilemma. Because of the high rate of recurrence, adequate excision with wide margins is advocated. Moh’s micrographic surgery can be a particularly advantageous treatment modality in this setting. Proper patient counselling and follow-up are important in treating this low-grade, indolent and frequently recurring tumour.
Introduction Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma or mucinous eccrine carcinoma of the skin is a rare malignant neoplasm showing predilection to the head and neck. Distinguishing between these primary neoplasms and the more frequent metastatic mucinous deposits on the skin from primaries in the breast and gastrointestinal tract constitutes a diagnostic dilemma. Presentation of case We report a case of a 61-year-old lady who presented with a slow-growing, painless scalp nodule. Upon excision, it was diagnosed as “primary mucinous adenocarcinoma”. An extensive work-up in search for another primary tumour failed to show a primary malignancy elsewhere and the diagnosis of a primary eccrine mucinous adenocarcinoma of the skin was rendered. Discussion A review of the literature on this entity is presented, discussing diagnostic challenges and therapeutic options that of interest to surgeons, pathologists and dermatologists. Conclusion These tumours are indolent and low-grade, with a tendency for local, sometimes multiple, recurrences. Proper patient counselling and follow-up are important in treatment. Sound collaboration between clinicians and pathologists, for good therapeutic results, is of utmost importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osama S Al Beteddini
- Surgery Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare/Dhahran Health Center, Saudi Aramco, P.O. Box 76, Dhahran 31311, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Salwa Sheikh
- Pathology Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare/Dhahran Health Center, Saudi Aramco, P.O. Box 76, Dhahran 31311, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Shareefi
- Surgery Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare/Dhahran Health Center, Saudi Aramco, P.O. Box 76, Dhahran 31311, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana Shahab
- Dermatology Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare/Dhahran Health Center, Saudi Aramco, P.O. Box 76, Dhahran 31311, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia
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A L H, S K K, K A, M S, M S L. Primary mucinous eccrine adenocarcinoma - a rare malignant cutaneous adnexal neoplasm at an unconventional site. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:FD14-5. [PMID: 25302207 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/9797.4754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Primary mucinous eccrine adenocarcinoma, a rare malignant neoplasm of the skin adnexa usually occurs in the head and neck region. The most common sites for its occurrence are the eyelid, the peri-orbital region and the scalp. We report the rare occurrence of primary mucinous eccrine adenocarcinoma of the inguinal region which has been reported in only 1% of cases according to literature search. Since the differentiation from metastatic mucinous carcinomas is difficult, a careful search for primary in the breast, gastrointestinal tract and prostate is mandatory. This case report highlights the importance of precise diagnosis and accurate histological typing of mucinous carcinomas with an emphasis on their role in appropriate patient management along with a brief review of literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemalatha A L
- Professor, Department of Pathology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences , B. G. Nagar, Mandya District, Karnataka, India
| | - Kausalya S K
- Post Graduate, Department of Pathology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences , B. G. Nagar, Mandya District, Karnataka, India
| | - Amita K
- Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences , B. G. Nagar, Mandya District, Karnataka, India
| | - Sanjay M
- Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences , B. G. Nagar, Mandya District, Karnataka, India
| | - Lavanya M S
- Assistant Professor, Department of Dermatology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences , B. G. Nagar, Mandya District, Karnataka, India
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Abstract
Hamartomatous, circumscribed swellings of the extremities make an interesting study. Presentations are manifold and the naevi are not always present from birth. Excessive growth of hairs leads to remarkable appearance of such swellings. A young woman presented to the dermatology department, complaining of tenderness over 4th finger of her left hand. The defect was present for the last couple of years and was typified by visible hyperhidrosis on gentle tapping. Counseling of the affected lady made her agree for a skin biopsy. The histopathology revealed it to be of the nature of eccrine angiomatous hamartoma. Blood vessels were scarce. Eccrine ducts were plentiful without other associated anomalies. The deformity was removed by simple excision with good result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Sen
- Department of Dermatology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research and Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, Kolkata, India.
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Piovano E, Ferrero A, Ravarino N, Martra F, Modaffari P, Zola P. Syringoid eccrine carcinoma: Case report of a rare tumor occasionally detected in the vulva. Gynecol Oncol Case Rep 2011; 1:17-9. [PMID: 24371593 DOI: 10.1016/j.gynor.2011.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Accepted: 09/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
► Syringoid eccrine carcinoma (SEC) is a rare tumor. ► There are no published reports describing diagnosis of this tumor on the vulva. ► We report a case of a 58-year-old female with a SEC of left labia majora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Piovano
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Turin, Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Annamaria Ferrero
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Turin, Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | | | - F Martra
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Turin, Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Modaffari
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Turin, Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
| | - Paolo Zola
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Turin, Mauriziano Hospital, Turin, Italy
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Cohen M, Cassarino DS, Shih HB, Abemayor E, St John M. Apocrine hidradenocarcinoma of the scalp: a classification conundrum. Head Neck Pathol 2009; 3:42-6. [PMID: 20596988 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-008-0096-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The classification of malignant sweat gland lesions is complex. Traditionally, cutaneous sweat gland tumors have been classified by either eccrine or apocrine features. METHODS A case report of a 33-year-old Hispanic man with a left scalp mass diagnosed as a malignancy of adnexal origin preoperatively is discussed. After presentation at our multidisciplinary tumor board, excision with ipsilateral neck dissection was undertaken. RESULTS Final pathology revealed an apocrine hidradenocarcinoma. The classification and behavior of this entity are discussed in this report. CONCLUSION Apocrine hidradenocarcinoma can be viewed as an aggressive malignant lesion of cutaneous sweat glands on a spectrum that involves both eccrine and apoeccrine lesions.
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